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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 13 (from laksa149)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa013.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://extension.umd.edu/resource/watering-indoor-plants\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://extension.umd.edu/resource/watering-indoor-plants\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants","crawl_time":1774215063,"first_indexed_time":1620120452,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"edu,umd!extension,\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants s443","src_root_hash":"2127368015142676813","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Watering Indoor Plants | University of Maryland Extension","meta_descriptions":["How and how often to water houseplants and manage soluble salt buildup."],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Updated: March 10, 2023\nA common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature. \nHow to tell when a plant needs watering\nA large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily \n(Spathiphyllum)\n will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too.\nAnother quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound.\nHow to water houseplants\nThere are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water.\n \nWatering to minimize soluble salt buildup\nA problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water.\nSymptoms of soluble salt buildup\ninclude reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots.\nIf salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants.\nTo Prevent Soluble Salts Injury\nWater the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue);\nDon’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and\nAfter watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again.\nTo prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps:\nBefore you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium;\nPour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely;\nKeep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out;\nLeach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and\nRepot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage.\nThe level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water.\nWatering Plants without Mineral Buildup\nPrevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water.","attrs_markdown":"[University of Maryland](https:\/\/umd.edu\/)\n\n[Skip to main content](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants#main-content)\n\n[![University of Maryland Extension logo](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/themes\/ume\/logo.svg)](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/ \"University of Maryland Extension logo\")\n\n[![en]() English](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![ar]() العربية](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![bg]() Български](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![zh-CN]() 简体中文](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![zh-TW]() 繁體中文](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![hr]() Hrvatski](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![cs]() Čeština‎](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)[![da]() 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Here are [instructions for how to enable JavaScript in your web browser](http:\/\/www.enable-javascript.com\/).\n\n[Back to Resources](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resources)\n\nFound In\n\n- [Selection and Care of Indoor Plants](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resources\/yard-garden\/indoor-plants\/selection-and-care-indoor-plants)\n\nRelated Programs\n\n- [Home and Garden Information Center](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/programs\/environment-natural-resources\/program-areas\/home-and-garden-information-center)\n\n![watering can near a cactus](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/sites\/extension.umd.edu\/files\/styles\/optimized\/public\/2021-03\/HGIC_IndoorPlants_Watering_cactus-4161380_pix._1600.jpg?itok=ky6c5JkB)\n\nUpdated: March 10, 2023\n\n[Share](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.umd.edu%2Fresource%2Fwatering-indoor-plants&title=Watering%20Indoor%20Plants%20%7C%20University%20of%20Maryland%20Extension)\n\n[Facebook](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/#facebook)\n\n[Twitter](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/#twitter)\n\n[Pinterest](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/#pinterest)\n\n[Email](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/#email)\n\n[PrintFriendly](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/#printfriendly)\n\nA common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature.\n\n## How to tell when a plant needs watering\nA large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily *(Spathiphyllum)* will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too.\n\nAnother quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound.\n\n## How to water houseplants\nThere are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water.\n\n## Watering to minimize soluble salt buildup\nA problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water.\n\n**Symptoms of soluble salt buildup** include reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots.\n\nIf salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants.\n\n### To Prevent Soluble Salts Injury\n- Water the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue);\n- Don’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and\n- After watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again.\n\nTo prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps:\n\n1. Before you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium;\n2. Pour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely;\n3. Keep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out;\n4. Leach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and\n5. Repot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage.\n\nThe level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water.\n\n#### Watering Plants without Mineral Buildup\nPrevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water.\n\n[![University of Maryland Extension logo](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/themes\/ume\/logo.svg)](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/ \"University of Maryland Extension logo\")\n\n- [Faculty & Staff Affairs](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/faculty-and-staff-affairs)\n- [Find an Extension Office](https:\/\/agnr.umd.edu\/about\/directory)\n- [Browse Directory](https:\/\/agnr.umd.edu\/about\/directory)\n\n- [*University of Maryland Extension on Facebook*](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/UMDExtension\/)\n- [*University of Maryland Extension on Instagram*](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/UMDExtension\/)\n- [*University of Maryland Extension on Twitter*](https:\/\/twitter.com\/#!\/UMdExtension)\n- [*University of Maryland Extension on Youtube*](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCO6WnuI2jsIhv7Gth4ANv6Q)\n\n- [Login](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/caslogin?returnto=\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants)\n\n© 2018-2026 College of Agriculture and Natural Resources   \n[Web Accessibility](https:\/\/umd.edu\/web-accessibility) \\| [Privacy Policy](https:\/\/umd.edu\/privacy-notice)   \n  \nUniversity programs, activities, and facilities are available to all without regard to race, color, sex, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, marital status, age, national origin, political affiliation, physical or mental disability, religion, protected veteran status, genetic information, personal appearance, or any other legally protected class.\n\n✓\n\nThanks for sharing\\!\n\n[AddToAny](https:\/\/www.addtoany.com\/ \"Share Buttons\")\n\n[More…](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/resource\/watering-indoor-plants#addtoany \"Show all\")","attrs_readable_markdown":"![watering can near a cactus](https:\/\/extension.umd.edu\/sites\/extension.umd.edu\/files\/styles\/optimized\/public\/2021-03\/HGIC_IndoorPlants_Watering_cactus-4161380_pix._1600.jpg?itok=ky6c5JkB)\n\nUpdated: March 10, 2023\n\nA common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature.\n\n## How to tell when a plant needs watering\nA large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily *(Spathiphyllum)* will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too.\n\nAnother quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound.\n\n## How to water houseplants\nThere are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water.\n\n## Watering to minimize soluble salt buildup\nA problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water.\n\n**Symptoms of soluble salt buildup** include reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots.\n\nIf salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants.\n\n### To Prevent Soluble Salts Injury\n- Water the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue);\n- Don’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and\n- After watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again.\n\nTo prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps:\n\n1. Before you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium;\n2. Pour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely;\n3. Keep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out;\n4. Leach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and\n5. Repot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage.\n\nThe level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water.\n\n#### Watering Plants without Mineral Buildup\nPrevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Updated: March 10, 2023 A common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature. How to tell when a plant needs watering A large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily (Spathiphyllum) will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too. Another quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound. How to water houseplants There are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water. Watering to minimize soluble salt buildup A problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water. Symptoms of soluble salt buildup include reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots. If salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants. To Prevent Soluble Salts Injury Water the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue); Don’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and After watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again. To prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps: Before you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium; Pour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely; Keep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out; Leach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and Repot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage. The level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water. Watering Plants without Mineral Buildup Prevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water.
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Here are [instructions for how to enable JavaScript in your web browser](http://www.enable-javascript.com/). [Back to Resources](https://extension.umd.edu/resources) Found In - [Selection and Care of Indoor Plants](https://extension.umd.edu/resources/yard-garden/indoor-plants/selection-and-care-indoor-plants) Related Programs - [Home and Garden Information Center](https://extension.umd.edu/programs/environment-natural-resources/program-areas/home-and-garden-information-center) ![watering can near a cactus](https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/styles/optimized/public/2021-03/HGIC_IndoorPlants_Watering_cactus-4161380_pix._1600.jpg?itok=ky6c5JkB) Updated: March 10, 2023 [Share](https://www.addtoany.com/share#url=https%3A%2F%2Fextension.umd.edu%2Fresource%2Fwatering-indoor-plants&title=Watering%20Indoor%20Plants%20%7C%20University%20of%20Maryland%20Extension) [Facebook](https://extension.umd.edu/#facebook) [Twitter](https://extension.umd.edu/#twitter) [Pinterest](https://extension.umd.edu/#pinterest) [Email](https://extension.umd.edu/#email) [PrintFriendly](https://extension.umd.edu/#printfriendly) A common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature. ## How to tell when a plant needs watering A large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily (Spathiphyllum) will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too. Another quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound. ## How to water houseplants There are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water. ## Watering to minimize soluble salt buildup A problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water. Symptoms of soluble salt buildup include reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots. If salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants. ### To Prevent Soluble Salts Injury - Water the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue); - Don’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and - After watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again. To prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps: 1. Before you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium; 2. Pour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely; 3. Keep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out; 4. Leach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and 5. Repot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage. The level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water. #### Watering Plants without Mineral Buildup Prevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water. 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Readable Markdown	![watering can near a cactus](https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/styles/optimized/public/2021-03/HGIC_IndoorPlants_Watering_cactus-4161380_pix._1600.jpg?itok=ky6c5JkB) Updated: March 10, 2023 A common question is, “How often should I water my plants?” The plant itself will tell you. When it’s too dry, a plant wilts and turns gray-green; when it's too wet, it drops leaves or turns yellow. Avoid both extremes. Plants should not be watered on a schedule, but rather should be watered when they need it. Factors that influence plant watering include differences in potting media, humidity, and temperature. ## How to tell when a plant needs watering A large percentage of houseplants are lost because of overwatering and underwatering. Watering on a schedule is not the best method as this can lead to plants receiving too much or too little water. One way to determine when to water is to test the soil with your finger to a depth of about two inches. If the soil is dry, it probably needs to be watered. This method works for most plants but there are exceptions like succulents and cacti which need far less water. Certain plants like peace lily (Spathiphyllum) will wilt when they need to be watered although plants can also wilt if they are overwatered too. Another quick test is to lift the plant, pot and all, to check its weight change. The plant with dry potting medium will weigh much less than the plant which still has ample water in its potting medium. While you’re testing for watering needs, pay attention to the potting media. If your finger can’t penetrate two inches deep, you may need a more porous potting mix or the plant may be root bound. ## How to water houseplants There are a couple of ways to water; watering from the top or watering from the bottom. Top watering is the most common method. Irrigate so that the water drains freely from the bottom of the container. Small plants can be placed in the sink and returned to their locations after the water drains. Any excess water should be dumped from drainage saucers. Bottom watering simply means putting water into the saucer or setting the container in a pot of water allowing the water to be absorbed and drawn up into the potting mixture. Empty out any excess water. Never let your houseplants sit in water. ## Watering to minimize soluble salt buildup A problem of great importance to houseplants is the buildup of soluble salts in the potting medium, which can easily be avoided with proper watering techniques. Soluble salts are minerals (fertilizers) dissolved in water. Soluble salts stay behind and become concentrated when water evaporates from the potting mix. This can inhibit your plant’s uptake of water. Symptoms of soluble salt buildup include reduced growth, brown leaf tips, dropping of lower leaves, dead root tips, and wilting. In addition, a ring of salt deposits may crust around the pot at the soil line, around the drainage hole, or on the exteriors of clay pots. If salts build up to an extremely high level in the soil, water is drawn out from the root tips, damaging the roots directly. The weakened plant is more susceptible to attack from insects and diseases. All water contains dissolved minerals, but softened water contains more than others and should be avoided when watering houseplants. ### To Prevent Soluble Salts Injury - Water the pot from the top until water runs out the bottom, washing out all the excess salts (fertilizer residue); - Don’t let the pot sit in the water that runs out; and - After watering, wait until the potting medium dries at the two-inch depth before watering again. To prevent mineral buildup, water with clear water to leach the soil of your houseplants every four to six months. Leach by performing these simple steps: 1. Before you begin leaching, manually remove the salt crust if a layer of salts has formed on top of the potting medium; 2. Pour a lot of water -- at least twice the volume of the pot -- on the potting soil and let it drain completely; 3. Keep the water running through the potting soil to wash the salts out; 4. Leach a plant before you fertilize so that you don’t wash away all the fertilizer you just added; and 5. Repot the plant if the soluble salts level seems high or the pot has poor drainage. The level of salts injurious to the plant varies with the type of plant and how it’s grown. A plant grown in a greenhouse with excellent light and drainage will tolerate salt levels 10 times higher than one grown in your home. Some nurseries and plant shops leach plants before sale to remove excess salts. It’s a good practice to leach every newly purchased plant the first time you water. #### Watering Plants without Mineral Buildup Prevent salt build-up by choosing mineral-free water. The next time rain is expected, set some buckets outside and let them fill with rainwater, which has no added chemicals. If you use a dehumidifier, use the water in the drain pan, which is distilled water, on your plants. Otherwise, draw water for your plants the day before you plan to water them. A day’s evaporation should clear the water of chlorine and give enough time for most minerals to settle harmlessly to the bottom. Discard the bottom one to two inches of water.
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