🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 71 (from laksa054)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa071.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/meat-dairy-animal/index_en.htm\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/meat-dairy-animal/index_en.htm\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm","crawl_time":1771124083,"first_indexed_time":1514195488,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"eu,europa!\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm s443","src_root_hash":"8384339340669129071","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Taking animal products, food or plants with you in the EU - Your Europe","meta_descriptions":["Rules on carrying meat, dairy and fish products in the EU, restrictions when travelling from a non-EU country; quantities allowed, information on exceptions, baby milk and food for medical reasons; products not allowed; information on controls and when entering the EU"],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU\nIf you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as\n                     long as they are for your\nown personal consumption\n. This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables\n                     as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease.\nIn this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein,\n                     Norway, San Marino, Switzerland.\nThese rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage,\n                     or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail.\nWarning\nIn cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to\n                           the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry.\nSpecial rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland\nIf you are travelling from\nthe Faroe Islands or Greenland,\nyou are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal\n                     consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products.\nProduct\nAmount per person\nAdditional restrictions\nMeat or meat products\n10 kg\nNone\nDairy or dairy products\n10 kg\nNone\nHoney, eggs and egg products\n10 kg\nNone\nSnails\n10 kg\nNone\nLive bivalves (oysters, mussels)\n10 kg\nNone\nExceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet\n                        feed\nYou can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food,\n                     foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the:\nthe product does not need refrigeration before use\nthe product is in commercially branded packaging\nthe packaging is unbroken unless in current use\nRules when travelling from a non-EU country\nIf you travel to the EU from a non-EU country,\nyou are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products\nwith you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well\n                     as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are\n                     also allowed.\nProduct\nAmount per person\nAdditional restrictions\nEviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products\n20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most)\nFishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland\nGoods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from\n                                    the Faroe Islands or Greenland\nTheir combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg\nPlants or plant products including cut flowers\nA phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product\n                                    is free from certain specific pests\nPowdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons\nNo more than 2 kg\ndo not require refrigeration before opening\nare packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer\nthat the packaging is unbroken unless in current use\nPet food required for health-related reasons\nNo more than 2 kg\nare intended for the pet accompanying the passenger\nare shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration)\nare packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer\nthat the packaging is unbroken unless in current use\nProducts other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g.\n                                 honey)\n2kg\nNone\nChecks when entering the EU\nWhen arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities.\n                     If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will\n                     be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution.\nOther animal derived products and plants\nYou may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However,\n                     most EU countries have\nstrict rules\non carrying\nendangered animals or plants\nor products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example,\n                     you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more\n                     than this amount.\nTo find out about a specific species, you should always check the\nEU wildlife trade reference\ndatabase\nOpen as an external link\n. You can also contact the\nCITES\nauthority\nOpen as an external link\nin your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit.","attrs_markdown":"[![Your Europe](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/images\/logos\/youreurope-logo.svg)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/index_en.htm)\n\nenEnglish\n\nAvailable languages\n\nClose menu\n\n- [bgбългарски](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_bg.htm)\n- [csčeština](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_cs.htm)\n- [dadansk](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_da.htm)\n- [deDeutsch](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_de.htm)\n- [eteesti](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_et.htm)\n- [elΕλληνικά](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_el.htm)\n- [enEnglish](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm)\n- [esespañol](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_es.htm)\n- [frfrançais](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_fr.htm)\n- [hrhrvatski](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_hr.htm)\n- [ititaliano](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_it.htm)\n- [lvlatviešu](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_lv.htm)\n- [ltlietuvių](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_lt.htm)\n- [humagyar](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_hu.htm)\n- [mtMalti](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_mt.htm)\n- [nlNederlands](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_nl.htm)\n- [plpolski](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_pl.htm)\n- [ptportuguês](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_pt.htm)\n- [roromână](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_ro.htm)\n- [skslovenčina](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_sk.htm)\n- [slslovenščina](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_sl.htm)\n- [fisuomi](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_fi.htm)\n- [svsvenska](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_sv.htm)\n\nSearch\n\nMenu\n\nMenu\n\nClose menu\n\n- [Search](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/index_en.htm)\n- [Life and travel](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/index_en.htm)\n  - 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[Other relatives](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/family-residence-rights\/other-family\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Jobseeker's family](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/family-residence-rights\/jobseekers-family\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Documents and formalities](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering EU family members in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/eu-family-members-registration\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Permanent residence for EU nationals after 5 years](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/eu-nationals-permanent-residence\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Permanent residence for non-EU family members](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/non-eu-family-members-permanent-residence\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering presence of non-EU family members](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/non-eu-family-members-residence-card\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering presence after the first 3 months](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/registering-residence\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Reporting presence for short stays of less than 3 months](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/reporting-presence\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering a birth](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/registering-birth\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Rules on gender change](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/legal-gender-recognition\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Buying a house](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/buying-house\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Deregistering your residence](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/documents-formalities\/deregistering-residence\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Elections, petitions and consultations](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/elections-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [European elections](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/elections-abroad\/european-elections\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Home country elections](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/elections-abroad\/home-country-elections\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Municipal elections](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/elections-abroad\/municipal-elections\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Petitions and consultations](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/residence\/elections-abroad\/petitions-consultations\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Education & Youth](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/index_en.htm)\n    - [School](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/school\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Partnering with schools abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/school\/partner\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Starting school in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/school\/enrol\/index_en.htm)\n    - [University](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Admission and entry to university](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/admission-entry-conditions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [University fees and financial help](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/fees-and-financial-help\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Recognition of academic diplomas](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/recognition\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Study abroad and scholarship opportunities](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/study-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Working while studying](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/university\/working-while-studying\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Traineeships](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/traineeships\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Financial support for traineeships](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/traineeships\/financial\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Volunteering in the EU and beyond](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/volunteering\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Volunteering - where to start](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/volunteering\/where-to-start\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Practical preparations for volunteers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/volunteering\/practical-preparations\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Researchers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/researchers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Grants and jobs for researchers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/researchers\/jobs\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Taxation of researchers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/education\/researchers\/tax\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Health](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Unplanned healthcare](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/unplanned-healthcare\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Going to a doctor\/hospital abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/unplanned-healthcare\/going-to-doctor-hospital-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Unplanned healthcare: payments and reimbursements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/unplanned-healthcare\/payments-reimbursements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Health cover for temporary stays](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/unplanned-healthcare\/temporary-stays\/index_en.htm)\n      - [European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/unplanned-healthcare\/ehic\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Planned medical treatment abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/planned-healthcare\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Organising planned medical treatment abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/planned-healthcare\/right-to-treatment\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Expenses and reimbursements: planned medical treatment abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/planned-healthcare\/expenses-reimbursements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Information points for cross-border healthcare](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/planned-healthcare\/get-more-info\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Buying medicine in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/prescription-medicine-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Presenting a prescription in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/prescription-medicine-abroad\/prescriptions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Prescriptions abroad: expenses and reimbursements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/prescription-medicine-abroad\/expenses-reimbursements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Buying medicine online](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/prescription-medicine-abroad\/buying-medicines-online\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Health coverage when living abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/when-living-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Your health insurance cover](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/when-living-abroad\/health-insurance-cover\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Moving to a residential care home](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/when-living-abroad\/residential-care-home\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Preventive healthcare](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/health\/when-living-abroad\/preventive-healthcare\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Family](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Children](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/children\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Parental responsibility](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/children\/parental-responsibility\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Adoption](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/children\/adoption\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Child abduction](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/children\/abduction\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Rules on surrogacy](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/children\/rules-on-surrogacy\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Couples](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Marriage](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/marriage\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registered partnerships](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/registered-partners\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Unmarried couples](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/de-facto-unions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Divorce and legal separation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/divorce-separation\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Maintenance obligations - support for family members](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/maintenance\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Property regimes for international couples](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/property-regimes-international-couples\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Getting your public documents accepted in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/couple\/getting-public-documents-accepted\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Death, repatriation and cross-border inheritance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/inheritances\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Managing a cross-border inheritance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/inheritances\/managing-inheritance\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Planning your cross-border inheritance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/inheritances\/planning-inheritance\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Death and repatriation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/family\/inheritances\/death-repatriation\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Consumers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Shopping](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Contract information](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/contract-information\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Guarantees](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/guarantees\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Commercial guarantee of durability](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/commercial-guarantee-durability\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Returns](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/returns\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Pricing and payments](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/pricing-payments\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Shipping and delivery](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/shipping-delivery\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Your rights when shopping](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/shopping-consumer-rights\/index_en.htm)\n      - [VAT – Value Added Tax](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/vat\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Product safety](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/product-safety\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Energy labels](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/shopping\/energy-labels\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Internet and telecoms](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Roaming: Using a mobile phone in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/mobile-roaming-costs\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Accessing online content abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/access-online-content-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Fixed line telephone services](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/telecommunication-services\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Using and accessing the internet](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/internet-access\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Data protection and online privacy](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/internet-telecoms\/data-protection-online-privacy\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Financial products and services](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Bank accounts in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/bank-accounts-eu\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Consumer credits and loans](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/consumer-credits-and-loans\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Insurance products](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/insurance-products\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Investment products](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/investment-products\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Mortgage loans](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/mortgages\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Payments, transfers and cheques](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/payments-transfers-cheques\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Investments in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/financial-products-and-services\/investments-in-another-eu-country\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Unfair treatment](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/unfair-treatment\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Unfair commercial practices](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/unfair-treatment\/unfair-commercial-practices\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Unfair pricing](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/unfair-treatment\/unfair-pricing\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Unfair contract terms](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/unfair-treatment\/unfair-contract-terms\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Energy supply](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/energy-supply\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Access to and use of energy services](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/energy-supply\/access-use-energy-services\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Contracts and energy consumption](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/energy-supply\/contracts-energy-consumption\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Complaints and dispute resolution](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/energy-supply\/complaints-dispute-resolution\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Consumer dispute resolution](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/consumers-dispute-resolution\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Informal dispute resolution for consumers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/consumers-dispute-resolution\/informal-dispute-resolution\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Out-of-court procedures for consumers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/consumers-dispute-resolution\/out-of-court-procedures\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Formal legal action for consumers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/consumers\/consumers-dispute-resolution\/formal-legal-actions\/index_en.htm)\n- [Doing business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Running a business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Startups](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/start-ups\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Starting a business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/start-ups\/starting-business\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/start-ups\/erasmus-young-entrepreneurs\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Developing a business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Setting up a European Company (SE)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/setting-up-european-company\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Setting up a European Cooperative Society](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/setting-up-european-cooperative-society\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Restructuring across EU borders](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/restructuring-across-eu-borders\/index_en.htm)\n      - [EMAS registration](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/emas-registration\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Free flow of non-personal data](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/free-flow-non-personal-data\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Investments in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/investments-other-eu-country\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registration, permits and licences](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/registration-permits-licences\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Running a business in the tourism industry](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/tourism\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Biotech and biomanufacturing](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/developing-business\/biotech\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Digitalising a business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Setting up a business website](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/setting-up-business-website\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Selling online using third-party platforms](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/selling-online-third-party-platforms\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Setting up an online shop](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/setting-up-online-shop\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Securing a website](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/securing-website\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Deliveries and fulfilment for online sales](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/deliveries-fulfilment-online-sales\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Customer service for online businesses](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/customer-service-online-businesses\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Promoting a business online](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/digitalising\/promoting-business-online\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Intellectual property](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Intellectual property rights](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/rights\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Patents](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/patents\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Trade marks](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/trade-marks\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Copyright](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/copyright\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Trade secrets](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/trade-secrets\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Design protection](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/design-protection\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Website domains](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/website-domains\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Database protection](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/database-protection\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Geographical indications](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/geographical-indications\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Licensing and selling intellectual property](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/licensing-selling\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Infringement of intellectual property rights](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/intellectual-property\/infringement\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Governance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/governance\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Liability of company directors](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/governance\/liability-company-directors\/index_en.htm)\n    - [EU support tools for SMEs](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/eu-support-tools-sme\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Closing a business](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/running-business\/closing-business\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Taxation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Excise duties](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/excise-duties-eu\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Products subject to excise duties](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/excise-duties-eu\/product-excise-duties\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Paying excise duties](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/excise-duties-eu\/paying-excise-duties\/index_en.htm)\n    - [VAT](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/index_en.htm)\n      - [VAT rules and rates](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/vat-rules-rates\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Charging and deducting VAT](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/charging-deducting-vat\/index_en.htm)\n      - [VAT exemptions](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/vat-exemptions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [VAT refunds](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/vat-refunds\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Cross-border VAT](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/cross-border-vat\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Check a VAT number (VIES)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/check-vat-number-vies\/index_en.htm)\n      - [EU VAT One Stop Shop (OSS)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/vat\/one-stop-shop\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Business tax](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/business-tax\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Company tax in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/business-tax\/company-tax-eu\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Taxes on parent companies and subsidiaries](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/taxation\/business-tax\/taxes-parent-companies-subsidiaries\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Selling in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Public contracts](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/public-contracts\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Public tendering rules](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/public-contracts\/public-tendering-rules\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Search and bid for a public contract](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/public-contracts\/search-bid-public-tender\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Request a review of a public procurement procedure](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/public-contracts\/request-review-public-procurement-procedure\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Selling goods and services](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Selling products in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/selling-products-eu\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Accessibility requirements for services and products](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/accessibility\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Providing services abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/provide-services-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [E-commerce, distance and off-premises selling](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/ecommerce-distance-selling\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Package travel and linked travel arrangements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/package-travel\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Parcel services](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/parcel-services\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Export credit insurance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/selling-goods-services\/export-credit-insurance\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Competition between businesses](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/competition-between-businesses\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Competition rules in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/competition-between-businesses\/competition-rules-eu\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Reporting anti-competitive behaviour](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/selling-in-eu\/competition-between-businesses\/anti-competitive-behaviour\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Human resources](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/index_en.htm)\n    - [General employment terms and conditions](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Terms of employment](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/employment-terms\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Changes to staff contracts](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/changes-staff-contract\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Working hours](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/working-hours\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Leave and flexible working](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/leave-flexible-working\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Terminating employment contracts](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/general-employment-terms-conditions\/terminating-employment-contracts\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Types of employment arrangements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Fixed-term work](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/fixed-term-work\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Part-time work](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/part-time-work\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Temporary agency work](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/temporary-agency-work\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Seasonal workers from non-EU countries](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/seasonal-workers-non-eu-countries\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Teenage workers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/types-employment-arrangements\/teenage-workers\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Social security and health](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/social-security-health\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering as an employer in another EU country](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/social-security-health\/registering-employer\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Paying social security contributions](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/social-security-health\/paying-contributions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Employer pension obligations](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/social-security-health\/pensions\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Health and safety at work](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/social-security-health\/work-safety\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Employee rights and representation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/employee-rights-representation\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Staff representation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/employee-rights-representation\/staff-representation\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Inform and consult staff](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/employee-rights-representation\/inform-consult-staff\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Equal treatment of staff](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/employee-rights-representation\/equal-treatment\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Reasonable accommodation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/employee-rights-representation\/reasonable-accommodation\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Transport sector workers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Civil aviation staff](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/civil-aviation-staff\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Rail staff](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/rail-staff\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Employing road transport workers: driving time and rest periods](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/road-transportation-workers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Seafarers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/seafarers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Inland waterway staff](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/transport-sector-workers\/inland-waterway-staff\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Cross-border and posted workers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/cross-border-posted-workers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Posting staff abroad](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/cross-border-posted-workers\/posting-staff-abroad\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Posted drivers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/cross-border-posted-workers\/drivers\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Hiring cross-border commuters](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/cross-border-posted-workers\/hiring-cross-border-commuters\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Recognition of qualifications](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/human-resources\/cross-border-posted-workers\/recognition-qualifications\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Product requirements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Standards](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/standards\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Standards in Europe](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/standards\/standards-in-europe\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Product compliance](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Identifying product requirements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/identifying-product-requirements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Ecodesign requirements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/ecodesign\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Conformity assessment](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/conformity-assessment\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Preparing technical documentation](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/preparing-technical-documentation\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Signing a declaration of conformity](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/signing-declaration-conformity\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Declaration of mutual recognition](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/compliance\/declaration-mutual-recognition\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Labels and markings](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/index_en.htm)\n      - [CE marking](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/ce-marking\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Energy label](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/energy-labels\/index_en.htm)\n      - [WEEE label](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/weee-label\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Footwear Label](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/footwear-label\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Textile Label](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/textile-label\/index_en.htm)\n      - [℮-mark](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/emark\/index_en.htm)\n      - [EU Ecolabel](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/labels-markings\/ecolabel\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Chemicals](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/chemicals\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Registering chemicals (REACH)](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/chemicals\/registering-chemicals-reach\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Classification, labelling and packaging of chemicals](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/chemicals\/classification-labelling-packaging\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Recycling and waste management](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/recycling-waste-management\/index_en.htm)\n      - [WEEE responsibilities](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/recycling-waste-management\/weee-responsibilities\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Single-use plastics](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/recycling-waste-management\/single-use-plastics\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Food labelling](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Food labelling rules](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/general-rules\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Nutrition declaration](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/nutrition-declaration\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Labelling of food supplements](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/supplements\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Food additives](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/additives\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Health and nutrition claims](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/product-requirements\/food-labelling\/health-nutrition-claims\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Finance and funding](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Accounting](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/accounting\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Accounting for SMEs and micro-businesses](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/accounting\/small-micro-businesses\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Making and receiving payments](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/making-receiving-payments\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Cross-border debt recovery](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/making-receiving-payments\/cross-border-debt-recovery\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Electronic and cash payments](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/making-receiving-payments\/electronic-cash-payments\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Late payment](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/making-receiving-payments\/late-payment\/index_en.htm)\n      - [eInvoicing](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/making-receiving-payments\/einvoicing\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Getting funding](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/getting-funding\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Access to EU Finance](https:\/\/youreurope.europa.eu\/business\/finance-funding\/getting-funding\/access-finance\/en)\n      - [EU funding programmes](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/finance-funding\/getting-funding\/eu-funding-programmes\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Dealing with customers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Solving disputes with customers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/solving-disputes\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Alternative dispute resolution](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/solving-disputes\/alternative-dispute-resolution\/index_en.htm)\n      - [European Small Claims procedure](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/solving-disputes\/european-small-claims-procedure\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Consumer contracts and guarantees](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/consumer-contracts-guarantees\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Consumer guarantees](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/consumer-contracts-guarantees\/consumer-guarantees\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Selling products safely in the EU](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/consumer-contracts-guarantees\/selling-products-safely\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Contracts with consumers](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/consumer-contracts-guarantees\/consumer-contracts\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Product liability](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/consumer-contracts-guarantees\/product-liability\/index_en.htm)\n    - [Data protection](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/data-protection\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Data protection under GDPR](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/data-protection\/data-protection-gdpr\/index_en.htm)\n      - [Online privacy](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/business\/dealing-with-customers\/data-protection\/online-privacy\/index_en.htm)\n- [Contact assistance services](https:\/\/asf.youreurope.europa.eu\/?lang=en)\n- [Report an obstacle](https:\/\/fosmo.youreurope.europa.eu\/?lang=en)\n\nUkraine\n\n- Допомога ЄС Україні\n  - [Інформація для людей з України, що шукають порятунку від війни в Україні](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/stronger-europe-world\/eu-solidarity-ukraine\/eu-assistance-ukraine\/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_uk)\n  - [Як Ви можете допомогти](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/stronger-europe-world\/eu-solidarity-ukraine\/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_uk#ref-%D1%8F%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8)\n  - [Iнформація для бізнесу](https:\/\/clustercollaboration.eu\/content\/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine)\n- EU assistance to Ukraine\n  - [Information for people fleeing the war in Ukraine](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/stronger-europe-world\/eu-solidarity-ukraine\/eu-assistance-ukraine\/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_en)\n  - [How you can help](https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/stronger-europe-world\/eu-solidarity-ukraine\/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_en#how-you-can-help)\n  - [Information for businesses](https:\/\/clustercollaboration.eu\/content\/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine)\n\n1. [Your Europe](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/index_en.htm)\n2. …\n3. [Citizens](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/index_en.htm)\n4. [Travel](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/index_en.htm)\n5. [What can you take with you?](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/index_en.htm)\n6. Taking animal products, food or plants with you\n\n# Taking animal products, food or plants with you\nOn this page\n\n## Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU\nIf you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as long as they are for your **own personal consumption**. This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease.\n\nIn this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland.\n\nThese rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage, or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail.\n\n#### Warning\nIn cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry.\n### **Special rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland**\nIf you are travelling from **the Faroe Islands or Greenland,** you are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products.\n\n| Product | Amount per person | Additional restrictions |\n|---|---|---|\n| Meat or meat products | 10 kg | None |\n| Dairy or dairy products | 10 kg | None |\n| Honey, eggs and egg products | 10 kg | None |\n| Snails | 10 kg | None |\n| Live bivalves (oysters, mussels) | 10 kg | None |\n### **Exceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet feed**\nYou can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food, foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the:\n\n- the product does not need refrigeration before use\n- the product is in commercially branded packaging\n- the packaging is unbroken unless in current use\n## Rules when travelling from a non-EU country\nIf you travel to the EU from a non-EU country, **you are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products** with you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are also allowed.\n\n| Product | Amount per person | Additional restrictions |\n|---|---|---|\n| Eviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products | 20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most) |   |\n| Fishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland |   |   |\n| Goods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from the Faroe Islands or Greenland |   | Their combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg |\n| Plants or plant products including cut flowers |   | A phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product is free from certain specific pests |\n| Powdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons | No more than 2 kg | do not require refrigeration before opening are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use |\n| Pet food required for health-related reasons | No more than 2 kg | are intended for the pet accompanying the passenger are shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration) are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use |\n| Products other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g. honey) | 2kg | None |\n## Checks when entering the EU\nWhen arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities. If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution.\n\n### Other animal derived products and plants\nYou may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However, most EU countries have **strict rules** on carrying **endangered animals or plants** or products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example, you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more than this amount.\n\nTo find out about a specific species, you should always check the [EU wildlife trade reference database](https:\/\/www.speciesplus.net\/). You can also contact the [CITES authority](https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/parties\/country-profiles\/national-authorities) in your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit.\n\n## FAQs\n- [FAQs - Taking animal products, food or plants with you](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/faq\/index_en.htm)\n\n## EU legislation\n- [Commission Delegated Regulation on certain categories of animals and goods exempted from official controls at border control posts, specific controls on passengers’ personal luggage](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32019R2122 \"Commission Delegated Regulation on certain categories of animals and goods exempted from official controls at border control posts, specific controls on passengers’ personal luggage\")\n- [Council Regulation on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora](https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:31997R0338 \"Council Regulation on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora\")\n\n## Need support from assistance services?\nGet in touch with specialised assistance services\n\nGet help and advice\n\nYou can also use the **[assistance service finder](https:\/\/asf.youreurope.europa.eu\/?lang=en \"assistance service finder\")** to find the right help for you.\n\nLast checked: 23\/12\/2025\n\nShare this page\n\n- [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share.php?u=https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm \"Share on Facebook\")\n- [Linkedin](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm \"Share on linkedIn\")\n- [X (Twitter)](https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?text=Taking%20animal%20products,%20food%20or%20plants%20with%20you&url=https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm \"Share on X\")\n- [e-mail](mailto:?subject=Taking%20animal%20products,%20food%20or%20plants%20with%20you&body=https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/travel\/carry\/meat-dairy-animal\/index_en.htm; \"Share by e-mail\")\n\nFeedback on quality\n\n[Your Europe](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/index_en.htm)\n\nThis site is managed by the Directorate General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs and is an official website of the European Union\n\n- Follow us on\n  - [Facebook](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/YourEurope \"Follow Your Europe on Facebook\")\n  - [Instagram](https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/youreurope\/ \"Follow Your Europe on Instagram\")\n  - [LinkedIn](https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/your-europe-business-showcase\/ \"Follow Your Europe on LinkedIn\")\n  - [X (Twitter)](https:\/\/x.com\/YourEurope \"Follow Your Europe on X\")\n  - [YouTube](https:\/\/youtube.com\/playlist?list=PLmwl0nkG0dPEiXfn6SnoJF0adU3Ccn4QD \"Follow Your Europe on YouTube\")\n- About this site\n  - [What is Your Europe?](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/about\/index_en.htm)\n  - [Contact](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/contact\/index_en.htm)\n  - Print version\n  - Report a problem\n\n![European Union flag](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/images\/ecl\/eu-logo\/eu-logo-en-full.svg)![European Union flag](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/citizens\/images\/ecl\/eu-logo\/eu-logo-en-short.svg)\n\nDiscover more on [europa.eu](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/index_en \"European Union\")\n\n- Contact the EU\n  - [Call us 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11](tel:0080067891011)\n  - [Use other telephone options](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/call-us_en)\n  - [Write to us via our contact form](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/write-us_en)\n  - [Meet us at one of the EU centres](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/meet-us_en)\n  Social media\n  - [Search for EU social media channels](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/contact-eu\/social-media-channels_en)\n- Legal\n  - [Languages on our websites](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/languages-our-websites_en)\n  - [Privacy policy](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/privacy-policy_en)\n  - [Legal notice](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/legal-notice_en)\n  - [Cookies](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/cookies_en)\n  - [Accessibility](https:\/\/europa.eu\/youreurope\/accessibility\/index_en.htm)\n  EU institutions\n  - [Search all EU institutions and bodies](https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/institutions-and-bodies\/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies_en)","attrs_readable_markdown":"## Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU\nIf you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as long as they are for your **own personal consumption**. This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease.\n\nIn this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland.\n\nThese rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage, or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail.\n\n#### Warning\nIn cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry.\n### **Special rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland**\nIf you are travelling from **the Faroe Islands or Greenland,** you are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products.\n\n| Product | Amount per person | Additional restrictions |\n|---|---|---|\n| Meat or meat products | 10 kg | None |\n| Dairy or dairy products | 10 kg | None |\n| Honey, eggs and egg products | 10 kg | None |\n| Snails | 10 kg | None |\n| Live bivalves (oysters, mussels) | 10 kg | None |\n### **Exceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet feed**\nYou can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food, foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the:\n\n- the product does not need refrigeration before use\n- the product is in commercially branded packaging\n- the packaging is unbroken unless in current use\n## Rules when travelling from a non-EU country\nIf you travel to the EU from a non-EU country, **you are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products** with you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are also allowed.\n\n| Product | Amount per person | Additional restrictions |\n|---|---|---|\n| Eviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products | 20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most) |   |\n| Fishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland |   |   |\n| Goods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from the Faroe Islands or Greenland |   | Their combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg |\n| Plants or plant products including cut flowers |   | A phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product is free from certain specific pests |\n| Powdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons | No more than 2 kg | do not require refrigeration before opening are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use |\n| Pet food required for health-related reasons | No more than 2 kg | are intended for the pet accompanying the passenger are shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration) are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use |\n| Products other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g. honey) | 2kg | None |\n## Checks when entering the EU\nWhen arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities. If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution.\n\n### Other animal derived products and plants\nYou may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However, most EU countries have **strict rules** on carrying **endangered animals or plants** or products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example, you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more than this amount.\n\nTo find out about a specific species, you should always check the [EU wildlife trade reference database](https:\/\/www.speciesplus.net\/). You can also contact the [CITES authority](https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/parties\/country-profiles\/national-authorities) in your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU If you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as long as they are for your own personal consumption . This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease. In this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland. These rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage, or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail. Warning In cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry. Special rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland If you are travelling from the Faroe Islands or Greenland, you are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products. Product Amount per person Additional restrictions Meat or meat products 10 kg None Dairy or dairy products 10 kg None Honey, eggs and egg products 10 kg None Snails 10 kg None Live bivalves (oysters, mussels) 10 kg None Exceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet feed You can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food, foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the: the product does not need refrigeration before use the product is in commercially branded packaging the packaging is unbroken unless in current use Rules when travelling from a non-EU country If you travel to the EU from a non-EU country, you are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products with you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are also allowed. Product Amount per person Additional restrictions Eviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products 20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most) Fishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland Goods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from the Faroe Islands or Greenland Their combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg Plants or plant products including cut flowers A phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product is free from certain specific pests Powdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons No more than 2 kg do not require refrigeration before opening are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use Pet food required for health-related reasons No more than 2 kg are intended for the pet accompanying the passenger are shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration) are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use Products other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g. honey) 2kg None Checks when entering the EU When arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities. If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution. Other animal derived products and plants You may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However, most EU countries have strict rules on carrying endangered animals or plants or products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example, you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more than this amount. To find out about a specific species, you should always check the EU wildlife trade reference database Open as an external link . You can also contact the CITES authority Open as an external link in your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit.
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[Applying for permanent provision of services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/apply-permanent-provision-services/index_en.htm) - [Applying for temporary provision of services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/apply-temporary-provision-services/index_en.htm) - [Professional bodies and language requirements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/professional-bodies-language-requirements/index_en.htm) - [European Professional Card - EPC](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/european-professional-card/index_en.htm) - [EU-UK: professional qualifications](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/professional-qualifications/brexit/index_en.htm) - [Social security and benefits](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/index_en.htm) - [Social security systems in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/social-security/index_en.htm) - [Social security cover abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/country-coverage/index_en.htm) - [Unemployment abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/unemployment/index_en.htm) - [Transferring unemployment benefits](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/transferring-unemployment-benefits/index_en.htm) - [If you don't find work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/cannot-find-work-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Family benefits](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/family-benefits/index_en.htm) - [Survivors' pensions and death grants](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/death-grants/index_en.htm) - [Standard forms for social security rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/social-security-and-benefits/social-security-forms/index_en.htm) - [Retiring abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Supplementary pensions abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/supplementary-pensions-abroad/index_en.htm) - [State pensions abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/retire-abroad/state-pensions-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Taxes](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/index_en.htm) - [Income taxes abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/income-taxes-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Double taxation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/taxes/double-taxation/index_en.htm) - [Health and safety at work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/health-and-safety/index_en.htm) - [Vehicles](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/index_en.htm) - [Cars](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/index_en.htm) - [Buying and leasing a car](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/buying-leasing-car-abroad/index_en.htm) - [VAT when buying or selling a car](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/vat-buying-selling-cars/index_en.htm) - [Company cars](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/cars/company-cars/index_en.htm) - [Driving licence](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/index_en.htm) - [Driving licence exchange and recognition in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/driving-licence-exchange-recognition/index_en.htm) - [Getting a driving licence in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/get-driving-licence/index_en.htm) - [Driving licence renewal in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/driving-licence-renewal/index_en.htm) - [Insurance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/index_en.htm) - [Car insurance validity in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/validity/index_en.htm) - [Car insurance cover abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/insurance/accident/index_en.htm) - [Registration](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/index_en.htm) - [Car registration documents and formalities](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/formalities/index_en.htm) - [Car registration in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/registration-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Car taxes in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/registration/taxes-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Residence](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/index_en.htm) - [Residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/index_en.htm) - [Economically inactive EU citizens](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/inactive-citizens/index_en.htm) - [Jobseekers - residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/jobseekers/index_en.htm) - [Pensioners - residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/pensioners/index_en.htm) - [Students - residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/students/index_en.htm) - [Workers - residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/workers/index_en.htm) - [Residence rights for EU nationals in the UK and UK nationals in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/brexit-residence-rights/index_en.htm) - [Naturalisation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/residence-rights/naturalisation/index_en.htm) - [Family residence rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/index_en.htm) - [EU spouses and children](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/eu-wife-husband-children/index_en.htm) - [Non-EU spouses and children](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/non-eu-wife-husband-children/index_en.htm) - [Civil unions and registered partnerships](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/partners/index_en.htm) - [Parents](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/parents/index_en.htm) - [Other relatives](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/other-family/index_en.htm) - [Jobseeker's family](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/family-residence-rights/jobseekers-family/index_en.htm) - [Documents and formalities](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/index_en.htm) - [Registering EU family members in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/eu-family-members-registration/index_en.htm) - [Permanent residence for EU nationals after 5 years](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/eu-nationals-permanent-residence/index_en.htm) - [Permanent residence for non-EU family members](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/non-eu-family-members-permanent-residence/index_en.htm) - [Registering presence of non-EU family members](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/non-eu-family-members-residence-card/index_en.htm) - [Registering presence after the first 3 months](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/registering-residence/index_en.htm) - [Reporting presence for short stays of less than 3 months](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/reporting-presence/index_en.htm) - [Registering a birth](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/registering-birth/index_en.htm) - [Rules on gender change](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/legal-gender-recognition/index_en.htm) - [Buying a house](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/buying-house/index_en.htm) - [Deregistering your residence](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/documents-formalities/deregistering-residence/index_en.htm) - [Elections, petitions and consultations](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/index_en.htm) - [European elections](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/european-elections/index_en.htm) - [Home country elections](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/home-country-elections/index_en.htm) - [Municipal elections](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/municipal-elections/index_en.htm) - [Petitions and consultations](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/residence/elections-abroad/petitions-consultations/index_en.htm) - [Education & Youth](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/index_en.htm) - [School](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/index_en.htm) - [Partnering with schools abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/partner/index_en.htm) - [Starting school in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/school/enrol/index_en.htm) - [University](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/index_en.htm) - [Admission and entry to university](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/admission-entry-conditions/index_en.htm) - [University fees and financial help](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/fees-and-financial-help/index_en.htm) - [Recognition of academic diplomas](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/recognition/index_en.htm) - [Study abroad and scholarship opportunities](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/study-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Working while studying](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/university/working-while-studying/index_en.htm) - [Traineeships](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/traineeships/index_en.htm) - [Financial support for traineeships](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/traineeships/financial/index_en.htm) - [Volunteering in the EU and beyond](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/index_en.htm) - [Volunteering - where to start](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/where-to-start/index_en.htm) - [Practical preparations for volunteers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/volunteering/practical-preparations/index_en.htm) - [Researchers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/researchers/index_en.htm) - [Grants and jobs for researchers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/researchers/jobs/index_en.htm) - [Taxation of researchers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/education/researchers/tax/index_en.htm) - [Health](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/index_en.htm) - [Unplanned healthcare](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/index_en.htm) - [Going to a doctor/hospital abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/going-to-doctor-hospital-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Unplanned healthcare: payments and reimbursements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/payments-reimbursements/index_en.htm) - [Health cover for temporary stays](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/temporary-stays/index_en.htm) - [European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/unplanned-healthcare/ehic/index_en.htm) - [Planned medical treatment abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/index_en.htm) - [Organising planned medical treatment abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/right-to-treatment/index_en.htm) - [Expenses and reimbursements: planned medical treatment abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/expenses-reimbursements/index_en.htm) - [Information points for cross-border healthcare](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/planned-healthcare/get-more-info/index_en.htm) - [Buying medicine in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Presenting a prescription in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/prescriptions/index_en.htm) - [Prescriptions abroad: expenses and reimbursements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/expenses-reimbursements/index_en.htm) - [Buying medicine online](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/prescription-medicine-abroad/buying-medicines-online/index_en.htm) - [Health coverage when living abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Your health insurance cover](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/health-insurance-cover/index_en.htm) - [Moving to a residential care home](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/residential-care-home/index_en.htm) - [Preventive healthcare](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/health/when-living-abroad/preventive-healthcare/index_en.htm) - [Family](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/index_en.htm) - [Children](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/index_en.htm) - [Parental responsibility](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/parental-responsibility/index_en.htm) - [Adoption](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/adoption/index_en.htm) - [Child abduction](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/abduction/index_en.htm) - [Rules on surrogacy](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/children/rules-on-surrogacy/index_en.htm) - [Couples](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/index_en.htm) - [Marriage](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/marriage/index_en.htm) - [Registered partnerships](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/registered-partners/index_en.htm) - [Unmarried couples](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/de-facto-unions/index_en.htm) - [Divorce and legal separation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/divorce-separation/index_en.htm) - [Maintenance obligations - support for family members](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/maintenance/index_en.htm) - [Property regimes for international couples](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/property-regimes-international-couples/index_en.htm) - [Getting your public documents accepted in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/couple/getting-public-documents-accepted/index_en.htm) - [Death, repatriation and cross-border inheritance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/index_en.htm) - [Managing a cross-border inheritance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/managing-inheritance/index_en.htm) - [Planning your cross-border inheritance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/planning-inheritance/index_en.htm) - [Death and repatriation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/family/inheritances/death-repatriation/index_en.htm) - [Consumers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/index_en.htm) - [Shopping](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/index_en.htm) - [Contract information](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/contract-information/index_en.htm) - [Guarantees](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/guarantees/index_en.htm) - [Commercial guarantee of durability](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/commercial-guarantee-durability/index_en.htm) - [Returns](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/returns/index_en.htm) - [Pricing and payments](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/pricing-payments/index_en.htm) - [Shipping and delivery](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/shipping-delivery/index_en.htm) - [Your rights when shopping](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/shopping-consumer-rights/index_en.htm) - [VAT – Value Added Tax](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/vat/index_en.htm) - [Product safety](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/product-safety/index_en.htm) - [Energy labels](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/shopping/energy-labels/index_en.htm) - [Internet and telecoms](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/index_en.htm) - [Roaming: Using a mobile phone in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/mobile-roaming-costs/index_en.htm) - [Accessing online content abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/access-online-content-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Fixed line telephone services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/telecommunication-services/index_en.htm) - [Using and accessing the internet](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/internet-access/index_en.htm) - [Data protection and online privacy](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/internet-telecoms/data-protection-online-privacy/index_en.htm) - [Financial products and services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/index_en.htm) - [Bank accounts in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/bank-accounts-eu/index_en.htm) - [Consumer credits and loans](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/consumer-credits-and-loans/index_en.htm) - [Insurance products](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/insurance-products/index_en.htm) - [Investment products](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/investment-products/index_en.htm) - [Mortgage loans](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/mortgages/index_en.htm) - [Payments, transfers and cheques](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/payments-transfers-cheques/index_en.htm) - [Investments in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/financial-products-and-services/investments-in-another-eu-country/index_en.htm) - [Unfair treatment](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/index_en.htm) - [Unfair commercial practices](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-commercial-practices/index_en.htm) - [Unfair pricing](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-pricing/index_en.htm) - [Unfair contract terms](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/unfair-treatment/unfair-contract-terms/index_en.htm) - [Energy supply](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/index_en.htm) - [Access to and use of energy services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/access-use-energy-services/index_en.htm) - [Contracts and energy consumption](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/contracts-energy-consumption/index_en.htm) - [Complaints and dispute resolution](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/energy-supply/complaints-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm) - [Consumer dispute resolution](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm) - [Informal dispute resolution for consumers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/informal-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm) - [Out-of-court procedures for consumers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/out-of-court-procedures/index_en.htm) - [Formal legal action for consumers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/consumers/consumers-dispute-resolution/formal-legal-actions/index_en.htm) - [Doing business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/index_en.htm) - [Running a business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/index_en.htm) - [Startups](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/index_en.htm) - [Starting a business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/starting-business/index_en.htm) - [Erasmus for Young Entrepreneurs](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/start-ups/erasmus-young-entrepreneurs/index_en.htm) - [Developing a business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/index_en.htm) - [Setting up a European Company (SE)](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/setting-up-european-company/index_en.htm) - [Setting up a European Cooperative Society](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/setting-up-european-cooperative-society/index_en.htm) - [Restructuring across EU borders](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/restructuring-across-eu-borders/index_en.htm) - [EMAS registration](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/emas-registration/index_en.htm) - [Free flow of non-personal data](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/free-flow-non-personal-data/index_en.htm) - [Investments in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/investments-other-eu-country/index_en.htm) - [Registration, permits and licences](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/registration-permits-licences/index_en.htm) - [Running a business in the tourism industry](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/tourism/index_en.htm) - [Biotech and biomanufacturing](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/developing-business/biotech/index_en.htm) - [Digitalising a business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/index_en.htm) - [Setting up a business website](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/setting-up-business-website/index_en.htm) - [Selling online using third-party platforms](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/selling-online-third-party-platforms/index_en.htm) - [Setting up an online shop](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/setting-up-online-shop/index_en.htm) - [Securing a website](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/securing-website/index_en.htm) - [Deliveries and fulfilment for online sales](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/deliveries-fulfilment-online-sales/index_en.htm) - [Customer service for online businesses](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/customer-service-online-businesses/index_en.htm) - [Promoting a business online](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/digitalising/promoting-business-online/index_en.htm) - [Intellectual property](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/index_en.htm) - [Intellectual property rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/rights/index_en.htm) - [Patents](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/patents/index_en.htm) - [Trade marks](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/trade-marks/index_en.htm) - [Copyright](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/copyright/index_en.htm) - [Trade secrets](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/trade-secrets/index_en.htm) - [Design protection](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/design-protection/index_en.htm) - [Website domains](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/website-domains/index_en.htm) - [Database protection](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/database-protection/index_en.htm) - [Geographical indications](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/geographical-indications/index_en.htm) - [Licensing and selling intellectual property](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/licensing-selling/index_en.htm) - [Infringement of intellectual property rights](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/intellectual-property/infringement/index_en.htm) - [Governance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/governance/index_en.htm) - [Liability of company directors](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/governance/liability-company-directors/index_en.htm) - [EU support tools for SMEs](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/eu-support-tools-sme/index_en.htm) - [Closing a business](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/running-business/closing-business/index_en.htm) - [Taxation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/index_en.htm) - [Excise duties](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/index_en.htm) - [Products subject to excise duties](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/product-excise-duties/index_en.htm) - [Paying excise duties](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/excise-duties-eu/paying-excise-duties/index_en.htm) - [VAT](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/index_en.htm) - [VAT rules and rates](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm) - [Charging and deducting VAT](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/charging-deducting-vat/index_en.htm) - [VAT exemptions](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-exemptions/index_en.htm) - [VAT refunds](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/vat-refunds/index_en.htm) - [Cross-border VAT](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/cross-border-vat/index_en.htm) - [Check a VAT number (VIES)](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/check-vat-number-vies/index_en.htm) - [EU VAT One Stop Shop (OSS)](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/vat/one-stop-shop/index_en.htm) - [Business tax](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/index_en.htm) - [Company tax in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/company-tax-eu/index_en.htm) - [Taxes on parent companies and subsidiaries](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/taxes-parent-companies-subsidiaries/index_en.htm) - [Selling in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/index_en.htm) - [Public contracts](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/index_en.htm) - [Public tendering rules](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/public-tendering-rules/index_en.htm) - [Search and bid for a public contract](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/search-bid-public-tender/index_en.htm) - [Request a review of a public procurement procedure](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/public-contracts/request-review-public-procurement-procedure/index_en.htm) - [Selling goods and services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/index_en.htm) - [Selling products in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/selling-products-eu/index_en.htm) - [Accessibility requirements for services and products](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/accessibility/index_en.htm) - [Providing services abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/provide-services-abroad/index_en.htm) - [E-commerce, distance and off-premises selling](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/ecommerce-distance-selling/index_en.htm) - [Package travel and linked travel arrangements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/package-travel/index_en.htm) - [Parcel services](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/parcel-services/index_en.htm) - [Export credit insurance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/selling-goods-services/export-credit-insurance/index_en.htm) - [Competition between businesses](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/index_en.htm) - [Competition rules in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/competition-rules-eu/index_en.htm) - [Reporting anti-competitive behaviour](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/selling-in-eu/competition-between-businesses/anti-competitive-behaviour/index_en.htm) - [Human resources](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/index_en.htm) - [General employment terms and conditions](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/index_en.htm) - [Terms of employment](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/employment-terms/index_en.htm) - [Changes to staff contracts](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/changes-staff-contract/index_en.htm) - [Working hours](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/working-hours/index_en.htm) - [Leave and flexible working](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/leave-flexible-working/index_en.htm) - [Terminating employment contracts](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/general-employment-terms-conditions/terminating-employment-contracts/index_en.htm) - [Types of employment arrangements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/index_en.htm) - [Fixed-term work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/fixed-term-work/index_en.htm) - [Part-time work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/part-time-work/index_en.htm) - [Temporary agency work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/temporary-agency-work/index_en.htm) - [Seasonal workers from non-EU countries](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/seasonal-workers-non-eu-countries/index_en.htm) - [Teenage workers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/types-employment-arrangements/teenage-workers/index_en.htm) - [Social security and health](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/index_en.htm) - [Registering as an employer in another EU country](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/registering-employer/index_en.htm) - [Paying social security contributions](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/paying-contributions/index_en.htm) - [Employer pension obligations](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/pensions/index_en.htm) - [Health and safety at work](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/social-security-health/work-safety/index_en.htm) - [Employee rights and representation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employee-rights-representation/index_en.htm) - [Staff representation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employee-rights-representation/staff-representation/index_en.htm) - [Inform and consult staff](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employee-rights-representation/inform-consult-staff/index_en.htm) - [Equal treatment of staff](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employee-rights-representation/equal-treatment/index_en.htm) - [Reasonable accommodation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/employee-rights-representation/reasonable-accommodation/index_en.htm) - [Transport sector workers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/index_en.htm) - [Civil aviation staff](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/civil-aviation-staff/index_en.htm) - [Rail staff](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/rail-staff/index_en.htm) - [Employing road transport workers: driving time and rest periods](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/road-transportation-workers/index_en.htm) - [Seafarers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/seafarers/index_en.htm) - [Inland waterway staff](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/transport-sector-workers/inland-waterway-staff/index_en.htm) - [Cross-border and posted workers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/cross-border-posted-workers/index_en.htm) - [Posting staff abroad](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/cross-border-posted-workers/posting-staff-abroad/index_en.htm) - [Posted drivers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/cross-border-posted-workers/drivers/index_en.htm) - [Hiring cross-border commuters](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/cross-border-posted-workers/hiring-cross-border-commuters/index_en.htm) - [Recognition of qualifications](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/human-resources/cross-border-posted-workers/recognition-qualifications/index_en.htm) - [Product requirements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/index_en.htm) - [Standards](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/standards/index_en.htm) - [Standards in Europe](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/standards/standards-in-europe/index_en.htm) - [Product compliance](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/index_en.htm) - [Identifying product requirements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/identifying-product-requirements/index_en.htm) - [Ecodesign requirements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/ecodesign/index_en.htm) - [Conformity assessment](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/conformity-assessment/index_en.htm) - [Preparing technical documentation](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/preparing-technical-documentation/index_en.htm) - [Signing a declaration of conformity](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/signing-declaration-conformity/index_en.htm) - [Declaration of mutual recognition](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/compliance/declaration-mutual-recognition/index_en.htm) - [Labels and markings](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/index_en.htm) - [CE marking](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ce-marking/index_en.htm) - [Energy label](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/energy-labels/index_en.htm) - [WEEE label](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/weee-label/index_en.htm) - [Footwear Label](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/footwear-label/index_en.htm) - [Textile Label](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/textile-label/index_en.htm) - [℮-mark](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/emark/index_en.htm) - [EU Ecolabel](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ecolabel/index_en.htm) - [Chemicals](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/chemicals/index_en.htm) - [Registering chemicals (REACH)](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/chemicals/registering-chemicals-reach/index_en.htm) - [Classification, labelling and packaging of chemicals](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/chemicals/classification-labelling-packaging/index_en.htm) - [Recycling and waste management](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/recycling-waste-management/index_en.htm) - [WEEE responsibilities](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/recycling-waste-management/weee-responsibilities/index_en.htm) - [Single-use plastics](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/recycling-waste-management/single-use-plastics/index_en.htm) - [Food labelling](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/index_en.htm) - [Food labelling rules](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/general-rules/index_en.htm) - [Nutrition declaration](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/nutrition-declaration/index_en.htm) - [Labelling of food supplements](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/supplements/index_en.htm) - [Food additives](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/additives/index_en.htm) - [Health and nutrition claims](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/food-labelling/health-nutrition-claims/index_en.htm) - [Finance and funding](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/index_en.htm) - [Accounting](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/accounting/index_en.htm) - [Accounting for SMEs and micro-businesses](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/accounting/small-micro-businesses/index_en.htm) - [Making and receiving payments](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/index_en.htm) - [Cross-border debt recovery](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/cross-border-debt-recovery/index_en.htm) - [Electronic and cash payments](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/electronic-cash-payments/index_en.htm) - [Late payment](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/late-payment/index_en.htm) - [eInvoicing](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/making-receiving-payments/einvoicing/index_en.htm) - [Getting funding](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/getting-funding/index_en.htm) - [Access to EU Finance](https://youreurope.europa.eu/business/finance-funding/getting-funding/access-finance/en) - [EU funding programmes](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-funding/getting-funding/eu-funding-programmes/index_en.htm) - [Dealing with customers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/index_en.htm) - [Solving disputes with customers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/solving-disputes/index_en.htm) - [Alternative dispute resolution](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/solving-disputes/alternative-dispute-resolution/index_en.htm) - [European Small Claims procedure](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/solving-disputes/european-small-claims-procedure/index_en.htm) - [Consumer contracts and guarantees](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/consumer-contracts-guarantees/index_en.htm) - [Consumer guarantees](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/consumer-contracts-guarantees/consumer-guarantees/index_en.htm) - [Selling products safely in the EU](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/consumer-contracts-guarantees/selling-products-safely/index_en.htm) - [Contracts with consumers](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/consumer-contracts-guarantees/consumer-contracts/index_en.htm) - [Product liability](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/consumer-contracts-guarantees/product-liability/index_en.htm) - [Data protection](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/index_en.htm) - [Data protection under GDPR](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/data-protection-gdpr/index_en.htm) - [Online privacy](https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/dealing-with-customers/data-protection/online-privacy/index_en.htm) - [Contact assistance services](https://asf.youreurope.europa.eu/?lang=en) - [Report an obstacle](https://fosmo.youreurope.europa.eu/?lang=en) Ukraine - Допомога ЄС Україні - [Інформація для людей з України, що шукають порятунку від війни в Україні](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_uk) - [Як Ви можете допомогти](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_uk#ref-%D1%8F%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B8) - [Iнформація для бізнесу](https://clustercollaboration.eu/content/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine) - EU assistance to Ukraine - [Information for people fleeing the war in Ukraine](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/eu-assistance-ukraine/information-people-fleeing-war-ukraine_en) - [How you can help](https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/stronger-europe-world/eu-solidarity-ukraine/helping-ukrainians-how-you-can-donate-and-engage_en#how-you-can-help) - [Information for businesses](https://clustercollaboration.eu/content/eu-clusters-supporting-ukraine) 1. [Your Europe](https://europa.eu/youreurope/index_en.htm) 2. … 3. [Citizens](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/index_en.htm) 4. [Travel](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/index_en.htm) 5. [What can you take with you?](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/index_en.htm) 6. Taking animal products, food or plants with you # Taking animal products, food or plants with you On this page ## Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU If you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as long as they are for your own personal consumption. This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease. In this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland. These rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage, or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail. #### Warning In cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry. ### Special rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland If you are travelling from the Faroe Islands or Greenland, you are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products. \| Product \| Amount per person \| Additional restrictions \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Meat or meat products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Dairy or dairy products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Honey, eggs and egg products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Snails \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Live bivalves (oysters, mussels) \| 10 kg \| None \| ### Exceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet feed You can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food, foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the: - the product does not need refrigeration before use - the product is in commercially branded packaging - the packaging is unbroken unless in current use ## Rules when travelling from a non-EU country If you travel to the EU from a non-EU country, you are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products with you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are also allowed. \| Product \| Amount per person \| Additional restrictions \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Eviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products \| 20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most) \| \| \| Fishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland \| \| \| \| Goods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from the Faroe Islands or Greenland \| \| Their combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg \| \| Plants or plant products including cut flowers \| \| A phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product is free from certain specific pests \| \| Powdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons \| No more than 2 kg \| do not require refrigeration before opening are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use \| \| Pet food required for health-related reasons \| No more than 2 kg \| are intended for the pet accompanying the passenger are shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration) are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use \| \| Products other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g. honey) \| 2kg \| None \| ## Checks when entering the EU When arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities. If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution. ### Other animal derived products and plants You may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However, most EU countries have strict rules on carrying endangered animals or plants or products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example, you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more than this amount. To find out about a specific species, you should always check the [EU wildlife trade reference database](https://www.speciesplus.net/). You can also contact the [CITES authority](https://cites.org/eng/parties/country-profiles/national-authorities) in your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit. ## FAQs - [FAQs - Taking animal products, food or plants with you](https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/carry/meat-dairy-animal/faq/index_en.htm) ## EU legislation - [Commission Delegated Regulation on certain categories of animals and goods exempted from official controls at border control posts, specific controls on passengers’ personal luggage](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R2122 "Commission Delegated Regulation on certain categories of animals and goods exempted from official controls at border control posts, specific controls on passengers’ personal luggage") - [Council Regulation on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31997R0338 "Council Regulation on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora") ## Need support from assistance services? Get in touch with specialised assistance services Get help and advice You can also use the [assistance service finder](https://asf.youreurope.europa.eu/?lang=en "assistance service finder") to find the right help for you. 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Readable Markdown	## Carrying animal products, food or plants in the EU If you are travelling in the EU you can carry meat or dairy products with you as long as they are for your own personal consumption. This also applies to plants or plant products, such as cut flowers, fruit or vegetables as long as they have been grown in an EU country and are free from pests or disease. In this context, EU includes the 27 EU countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland. These rules also apply when you carry meat, dairy or plant products in your luggage, or if you order these items online or have them sent by mail. #### Warning In cases of localised animal disease or pest outbreaks restrictions may apply to the type and amount of products you are allowed to carry. ### Special rules for the Faroe Islands and Greenland If you are travelling from the Faroe Islands or Greenland, you are allowed to bring small quantities of meat and dairy products for personal consumption. There are no quantity restrictions for fish or fish products. \| Product \| Amount per person \| Additional restrictions \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Meat or meat products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Dairy or dairy products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Honey, eggs and egg products \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Snails \| 10 kg \| None \| \| Live bivalves (oysters, mussels) \| 10 kg \| None \| ### Exceptions – baby milk (powdered) and food, food for medical reasons, special pet feed You can bring a limited amount (less than 10 kg) of powdered baby milk, baby food, foods required for medical reasons, or special pet feed as long as the: - the product does not need refrigeration before use - the product is in commercially branded packaging - the packaging is unbroken unless in current use ## Rules when travelling from a non-EU country If you travel to the EU from a non-EU country, you are not allowed to bring any meat or dairy products with you. You can however bring a limited quantity of fruit and vegetables as well as eggs, egg products and honey. Restricted quantities of fish or fish products are also allowed. \| Product \| Amount per person \| Additional restrictions \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Eviscerated fresh fishery products, or prepared or processed fishery products \| 20 kg or 1 fish (whichever weighs most) \| \| \| Fishery products from the Faroe Islands or Greenland \| \| \| \| Goods, other than plants for planting and other than fishery products, coming from the Faroe Islands or Greenland \| \| Their combined quantity does not exceed the weight limit of 10 kg \| \| Plants or plant products including cut flowers \| \| A phytosanitary (plant health) certificate is required attesting that the product is free from certain specific pests \| \| Powdered infant milk, infant food and special foods required for medical reasons \| No more than 2 kg \| do not require refrigeration before opening are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use \| \| Pet food required for health-related reasons \| No more than 2 kg \| are intended for the pet accompanying the passenger are shelf-stable (do not require refrigeration) are packaged proprietary brand products for direct sale to the final consumer that the packaging is unbroken unless in current use \| \| Products other than those described above which do not contain meat or milk (e.g. honey) \| 2kg \| None \| ## Checks when entering the EU When arriving in the EU you may have to undergo official controls by the authorities. If you are carrying any meat or dairy products, which you have not declared they will be confiscated and destroyed, you may also be fined or face criminal prosecution. ### Other animal derived products and plants You may carry animal derived products - when you are travelling in the EU. However, most EU countries have strict rules on carrying endangered animals or plants or products derived from them, and in some cases, you may need a permit. For example, you may only carry 125g of sturgeon caviar, you will need a permit if you carry more than this amount. To find out about a specific species, you should always check the [EU wildlife trade reference database](https://www.speciesplus.net/). You can also contact the [CITES authority](https://cites.org/eng/parties/country-profiles/national-authorities) in your country to find out if the species you want to travel with needs a permit.
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