🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa078)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_(software)\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_(software)\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_(software)","crawl_time":1773830022,"first_indexed_time":1589978672,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Zoom_(software) s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Zoom (software) - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see\nZoom Communications\n.\nZoom\nParticipants in a shared Zoom call in 2020\nOriginal author\nEric Yuan\nDeveloper\nZoom Communications\nInitial release\nOctober 12, 2011\n; 14 years ago\nStable release\n6.7.8\n   \/ March 11, 2026\n; 7 days ago\n[\n1\n]\n[\n2\n]\n[\n3\n]\nOperating system\nAndroid 9.0\nand later\nWindows 10\nand later\nOS X Mavericks\nand later\niOS 15\nand later\nChromeOS\nLinux\n[\n4\n]\ntvOS\n[\n5\n]\nvisionOS\nPlatform\nWindows\n,\nmacOS\n,\nLinux\n,\nAndroid\n,\niOS\n,\nChromeOS\n,\ntvOS\n,\nvisionOS\nAvailable in\n15 languages\n[\n6\n]\nType\nVideoconferencing\n,\nVoIP\n, and\ninstant messaging\nLicense\nFreemium\nWebsite\nzoom.com\nZoom Workplace\n(commonly known and stylized as\nzoom\n) is a\nproprietary\nvideotelephony\nsoftware program developed by\nZoom Communications\n. The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.\n[\n7\n]\n2014 logo\nA beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.\n[\n8\n]\nOn January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.\n[\n9\n]\nBy the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.\n[\n10\n]\nAfter the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.\n[\n11\n]\n[\n12\n]\nIn March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.\n[\n13\n]\n[\n14\n]\nDuring the\nCOVID-19 pandemic\n, there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for\nremote work\n,\ndistance education\n,\n[\n15\n]\nand online social relations.\n[\n16\n]\nZoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.\n[\n17\n]\nAs of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).\n[\n18\n]\n[\n19\n]\nZoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.\n[\n20\n]\n[\n21\n]\nZoom is compatible with\nWindows\n,\nmacOS\n,\niOS\n,\nAndroid\n,\nChromeOS\n, and\nLinux\n. It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.\n[\n22\n]\n[\n23\n]\nFeatures include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.\n[\n24\n]\nOn some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.\n[\n25\n]\nUse of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.\n[\n22\n]\n[\n25\n]\n[\n26\n]\nUp to 49 people can be seen on a\ndesktop\nor\nlaptop\nscreen at once,\n[\n27\n]\nup to 4 people per screen in\niPhone\nand\nAndroid\nmobile phones\nand\ntablet computers\n, and up to 16 people per screen on\niPad\n.\nZoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.\n[\n28\n]\nAs of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with\nAES 256\nGCM\nencryption enabled for all users.\n[\n29\n]\nIn October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.\n[\n30\n]\n[\n31\n]\nZoom also offers a transcription service using\nOtter.ai\nsoftware that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.\n[\n32\n]\nIn July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as\nhardware as a service\nproducts.\n[\n33\n]\nAs of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.\n[\n34\n]\nZoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.\n[\n35\n]\nZoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.\n[\n34\n]\nIn July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.\n[\n36\n]\nIn September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.\n[\n37\n]\nIn October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.\n[\n38\n]\n[\n39\n]\nWith OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.\n[\n40\n]\nThe company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including\nSlack\n,\nSalesforce\n,\nDropbox\n,\n[\n38\n]\n[\n40\n]\nand\nQatalog\n. In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.\n[\n41\n]\nAlso in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with\nGlobal BT Business\n[\n42\n]\nto offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.\n[\n43\n]\nIn February 2021, Zoom added a \"virtual receptionist\" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.\n[\n44\n]\nOn March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a\nwhite-label product\n, so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.\n[\n45\n]\nIn July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as\nDropbox Spaces\n,\nAsana\n, and\nSurveyMonkey\n.\n[\n46\n]\nIn August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.\n[\n47\n]\n[\n48\n]\nWhen active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.\n[\n49\n]\nThe feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.\n[\n50\n]\n[\n51\n]\nIn September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced\nbring your own key\n(BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through\nOkta\nthat allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).\n[\n52\n]\n[\n53\n]\nOther updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.\n[\n54\n]\nIn October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.\n[\n55\n]\nIn April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.\n[\n56\n]\n[\n57\n]\nIn February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.\n[\n58\n]\nIn June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.\n[\n21\n]\n[\n59\n]\nAlso in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.\n[\n21\n]\nWith the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.\n[\n59\n]\nA version for\nApple TV\nwas released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.\n[\n5\n]\nIn July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and\nAlma Mater Europaea\norganized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones.\nZoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,\n[\n60\n]\nuniversities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,\n[\n61\n]\n[\n62\n]\n[\n63\n]\n[\n64\n]\nand for ceremonies such as birthday parties,\n[\n65\n]\nfuneral services,\n[\n66\n]\nand\nbar and bat mitzvah\nservices.\n[\n67\n]\n[\n68\n]\nIn 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with\nFormula One\nto create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the\nHungarian Grand Prix\n.\n[\n69\n]\n[\n70\n]\nAn article published in July 2020 in the\nSan Francisco Chronicle\nnoted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include \"Zoom rooms\" with backdrops for Zoom calls.\n[\n71\n]\nRichard Nelson\n's play\nWhat Do We Need to Talk About?\ntakes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the\nCOVID-19 pandemic\nusing the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by\nThe Public Theater\nand premiered on\nYouTube\non April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance.\nThe New Yorker\ncalled it \"the first great original play of quarantine\".\n[\n72\n]\nOprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward\nwas a live virtual experience hosted by\nOprah Winfrey\non Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.\n[\n73\n]\nIn Source Material's 2020 play,\nIn These Uncertain Times\n, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.\n[\n74\n]\nThe British\nfound-footage\nhorror film\nHost\n, directed by\nRob Savage\n, features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on\nShudder\nin July 2020.\n[\n75\n]\n[\n76\n]\nA live reading of\nKristoffer Diaz\n's 2009 play\nThe Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity\nover Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020.\n[\n77\n]\n[\n78\n]\nIn the 2021 film\nLocked Down\n, directed by\nDoug Liman\nand starring\nAnne Hathaway\nand\nChiwetel Ejiofor\n, characters communicate through Zoom conferences.\n[\n79\n]\nFrom July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and\nAlma Mater Europaea\nused Zoom Webinar to conduct the first \"round-the-clock and round-the-globe\" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.\n[\n80\n]\n[\n81\n]\nSoon after, a format of conferences that \"virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West\",\n[\n82\n]\nbecame common, some of them running for several days.\n[\n83\n]\n[\n84\n]\n[\n85\n]\n[\n86\n]\nOn September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film\nFast Times at Ridgemont High\nwas hosted by\nDane Cook\n, with performers including\nBrad Pitt\n,\nJennifer Aniston\n,\nJulia Roberts\n, original cast member\nSean Penn\n,\nMatthew McConaughey\n,\nShia LaBeouf\n,\nMorgan Freeman\n(who served as the narrator),\nJimmy Kimmel\n,\nRay Liotta\n, and\nJohn Legend\n, to raise money for the charity\nCORE\n.\n[\n87\n]\n[\n88\n]\nThe broadcast of the\n72nd Primetime Emmy Awards\non September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.\n[\n89\n]\nOn an alternate music video for the 2020 single \"\nIce Cream\n\" by\nBlackpink\nfeaturing\nSelena Gomez\n, the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.\n[\n90\n]\nThe series\nZoom Where It Happens\n, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of\nThe Golden Girls\n, reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of\nFriends\n, hosted by\nGabrielle Union\nand featuring\nSterling K. Brown\nand\nUzo Aduba\n.\n[\n91\n]\n[\n92\n]\nFamiliarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global\nCOVID-19 pandemic\n, substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the\n2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine\n.\n[\n93\n]\nDuring the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.\n[\n94\n]\nZoom has been criticized for \"security lapses and poor design choices\" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.\n[\n95\n]\n[\n96\n]\nMany of Zoom's issues \"surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings\", which\nCitizen Lab\nfound to \"also, by design, reduce privacy or security\".\n[\n97\n]\n[\n98\n]\nIn March 2020,\nNew York State Attorney General\nLetitia James\nlaunched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.\n[\n99\n]\nThe inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.\n[\n100\n]\nIn April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for \"large institutions with full IT support\".\n[\n101\n]\nHe noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.\n[\n102\n]\nZoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.\n[\n103\n]\n[\n104\n]\n[\n105\n]\n[\n106\n]\nIn April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.\n[\n107\n]\nIn September 2020, Zoom added support for\ntwo-factor authentication\nto its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.\n[\n108\n]\nAs of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include\nGoogle\n,\n[\n109\n]\nSiemens\n,\n[\n110\n]\nthe\nAustralian Defence Force\n, the\nGerman Ministry of Foreign Affairs\n, the\nIndian Ministry of Home Affairs\n,\nSpaceX\n, and the\nNew York City Department of Education\n.\n[\n111\n]\n[\n112\n]\nIn May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.\n[\n113\n]\nZoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.\n[\n114\n]\n[\n115\n]\n[\n116\n]\nIn March 2020, a\nMotherboard\narticle found that the company's\niOS\napp was sending device analytics data to\nFacebook\non startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.\n[\n117\n]\nZoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the\nSDK\nafter learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.\n[\n25\n]\n[\n118\n]\n[\n119\n]\nIn the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in\nU.S. Federal Court\nfor illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.\n[\n120\n]\nZoom responded that it \"has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward\".\n[\n121\n]\nIn April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to\nLinkedIn\n, allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.\n[\n122\n]\nSoon after, the companies disabled their integration.\n[\n123\n]\nIn May 2020, the\nFederal Trade Commission\nannounced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.\n[\n124\n]\nThe FTC alleged in a complaint\n[\n125\n]\nthat since at least 2016, \"Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed\nHIPAA\ncompliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised.\"\n[\n126\n]\nOn November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an\ninformation security\nprogram, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.\n[\n127\n]\nIn November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof\nUDP\nmessages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.\n[\n128\n]\n[\n129\n]\nThe company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.\n[\n130\n]\nIn July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a\nzero-day\nvulnerability allowing any website to force a\nmacOS\nuser to join a Zoom call, with their\nvideo camera\nactivated, without the user's permission.\n[\n131\n]\nAttempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.\n[\n132\n]\nIn April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where\nWindows\nusers'\ncredentials\ncould be exposed.\n[\n133\n]\n[\n134\n]\nAnother vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.\n[\n135\n]\n[\n136\n]\nZoom issued a fix in April 2020.\n[\n137\n]\nMotherboard reported that there were two Zoom\nzero-days\nfor macOS and Windows respectively, selling for $500,000, on April 15, 2020.\n[\n138\n]\nSecurity bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.\n[\n23\n]\nHackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the\ndark web\n.\n[\n23\n]\nIn response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former\nFacebook\nCSO\nAlex Stamos\n, former\nGoogle\nglobal lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the\nNCC Group\n, and\nJohns Hopkins University\ncryptographer\nMatthew D. Green\n.\n[\n139\n]\nOn April 20, 2020, the\nNew York Times\nreported that\nDropbox\nengineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the\nNew York Times\nnoted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.\n[\n23\n]\n[\n25\n]\nIn a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.\n[\n140\n]\nOn July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.\n[\n141\n]\n[\n142\n]\nOn November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for\nMac\n,\nWindows\n, and\nLinux\n, as well as Zoom mobile apps.\n[\n143\n]\nOn August 12, 2022,\nWired magazine\nreported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom\nMac OS\ndesktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a\nprivilege escalation\nattack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.\n[\n144\n]\n\"\nZoombombing\n\" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.\n[\n145\n]\n[\n146\n]\n[\n147\n]\nIn July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the\nDataSpii\nleak.\n[\n148\n]\n[\n149\n]\nThis catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.\n[\n150\n]\n[\n151\n]\nNA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.\n[\n22\n]\nThe company also created a new \"report a user to Zoom\" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.\n[\n152\n]\nEncryption practices\n[\nedit\n]\nZoom encrypts its public data streams, using\nTLS 1.2\nwith AES-256 (\nAdvanced Encryption Standard\n) to protect\nsignaling\n, and AES-128 to protect\nstreaming media\n.\n[\n153\n]\nSecurity researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use \"\nend-to-end encryption\n\" in its marketing materials,\n[\n154\n]\nbut later clarified it meant \"from Zoom end point to Zoom end point\" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which\nThe Intercept\ndescribed as misleading and \"dishonest\".\n[\n155\n]\nAlex Stamos\n, a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at\nFacebook\n, noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of\nGoogle Hangouts\n,\nMicrosoft Teams\n, and\nCisco Webex\n.\n[\n156\n]\nOn May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired\nKeybase\n, a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.\n[\n157\n]\n[\n158\n]\nLater that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.\n[\n159\n]\nIn April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in\nECB mode\n, which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.\n[\n160\n]\nDuring test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the\nChina Internet Security Law\n.\n[\n97\n]\nOn June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to\nend-to-end encryption\nso that they could cooperate with the\nFBI\nand law enforcement.\n[\n161\n]\nLater, they said that they do not \"proactively monitor meeting content\".\n[\n162\n]\nOn June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.\n[\n163\n]\nOn September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher\nNadim Kobeissi\naccused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.\n[\n164\n]\nKobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public\ncharacter assassination\nattempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.\n[\n165\n]\nZoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in\nmainland China\n, prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.\n[\n166\n]\nThe company later announced that data of free users outside of China would \"never be routed through China\" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.\n[\n167\n]\n[\n168\n]\nIn August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the\nEuropean Union\nin breach of the\nGeneral Data Protection Regulation\n(GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the\nSchrems II\nruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.\n[\n169\n]\nList of video telecommunication services and product brands\nImpact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\nZoom fatigue\nZoom town\n^\n\"Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app\"\n.\nZoom Support\n. Retrieved\nMarch 13,\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Zoom Workplace\"\n.\nGoogle Play\n. Retrieved\nMarch 13,\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Zoom Workplace\"\n.\nApp Store\n. Retrieved\nMarch 13,\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux\"\n.\nsupport.zoom.us\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 3, 2021\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 13,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nWes Davis (December 3, 2023).\n\"Zoom's new Apple TV meeting app uses your iPhone as the camera\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\nDecember 8,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Change your language on Zoom\"\n.\nsupport.zoom.us\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 26, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 24,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Plans and Pricing - Zoom\"\n.\nzoom.us\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 24,\n2020\n.\n^\nMossberg, Walter S.\n(August 21, 2012).\n\"A Chance To Call 15 Friends To Video Chat In High Def\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 13,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom Raises $6M Series A, Launches Version 1.0 Of Its\"\n.\nTechCrunch\n. January 28, 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 23, 2016\n. Retrieved\nMay 14,\n2020\n.\n^\nPleasant, Robbie (May 23, 2013).\n\"Zoom Communications Reaches 1 Million Participants\"\n. TMCnet.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 4, 2019\n. Retrieved\nJuly 21,\n2014\n.\n^\nNovet, Jordan (February 26, 2020).\n\"Zoom has added more videoconferencing users this year than in all of 2019 thanks to coronavirus, Bernstein says\"\n.\nCNBC\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 4, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 31,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom shares spike after coronavirus lockdown\"\n.\nNewsComAu\n. September 2, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 3,\n2020\n.\n^\nNeate, Rupert (March 31, 2020).\n\"Zoom booms as demand for video-conferencing tech grows\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 22, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 29,\n2020\n.\n^\nFry, Naomi (April 27, 2020).\n\"Embracing the Chaotic Side of Zoom\"\n.\nThe New Yorker\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 27, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 29,\n2020\n.\n^\nAbbott, Eileen (April 20, 2020).\n\"Students and teachers struggle with remote education due to coronavirus\"\n.\nThe Hill\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 21, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 21,\n2020\n.\n^\nLorenz, Taylor\n; Griffith, Erin; Isaac, Mike (March 17, 2020).\n\"We Live in Zoom Now\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 23, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 23,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Here Are The 10 Most Downloaded Apps Of 2020\"\n.\nForbes\n. January 7, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 8,\n2021\n.\n^\nWARREN, TOM (April 30, 2020).\n\"Zoom admits it doesn't have 300 million users, corrects misleading claims\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\n^\n\"Zoom walks back claims it has 300 million daily active users\"\n.\nCNBC\n. April 30, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nPerino, Marissa (March 26, 2020).\n\"How to upgrade your Zoom account from a basic plan to host larger group meetings and more\"\n.\nBusiness Insider\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 2, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nTrueman, Charlotte (June 22, 2022).\n\"Zoom unveils its latest platform evolution with the launch of Zoom One\"\n.\nComputer World\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nVigliarolo, Brandon (April 30, 2020).\n\"Zoom: A cheat sheet about the video conferencing solution\"\n.\nTechRepublic\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 23, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nSinger, Natasha (April 20, 2020).\n\"Zoom's Security Woes Were No Secret to Business Partners Like Dropbox\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 23, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nTillman, Maggie (April 24, 2020).\n\"What is Zoom and how does it work? Plus tips and tricks\"\n.\nPocket-lint\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 21, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nNguyen, Nicole (April 2, 2020).\n\"Don't Get Bombed: How to Host Zoom Meetings, Hangouts, Houseparty and More\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 22, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 30,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom Meeting Plans for Your Business\"\n. Zoom Communications.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 29,\n2017\n.\n^\nTilley, Aaron (June 2, 2020).\n\"Microsoft Takes On Zoom and Slack in a Battle for Your Work Computer\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 5, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nOsborne, Charlie (April 22, 2020).\n\"Zoom security: Your meetings will be safe and secure if you do these 10 things\"\n.\nZDNet\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 21, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nGilbert, Ben (June 3, 2020).\n\"Zoom isn't beefing up security for free users so that it's better able to 'work with law enforcement'\n\"\n.\nBusiness Insider\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 9, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nGrothaus, Michael (October 27, 2020).\n\"How to turn on end-to-end encryption in Zoom (and why you should)\"\n.\nFast Company\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2020\n.\n^\nPorter, Jon (October 27, 2020).\n\"Zoom's end-to-end encryption has arrived\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. June 13, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 14,\n2020\n.\n^\nSevilla, Gadjo (July 7, 2020).\n\"Zoom Launches Hardware-as-a-Service Products\"\n.\nPC Magazine\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nSmith, Ryan (July 8, 2022).\n\"Zoom Phone Celebrates Three Million Users Worldwide\"\n.\nUC Today\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2022\n.\n^\nTilley, Aaron (July 15, 2020).\n\"Zoom Targets Prolonged Remote-Work Era as Coronavirus Drags On\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nHolt, Kris (July 21, 2022).\n\"Zoom brings end-to-end encryption to its cloud phone service\"\n.\nEngadget\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2022\n.\n^\nGraham, Jefferson (September 23, 2020).\n\"Move speaker windows, add closed captioning: Zoom adds accessibility features for video meetings\"\n.\nUSA Today\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nWainewright, Phil (October 14, 2020).\n\"Zoomtopia 2020 - Zoom becomes a platform, for apps and for paid meetings\"\n.\nDiginomica\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2020\n.\n^\nVincent, James (October 14, 2020).\n\"Zoom launches marketplace for paid events and new third-party app integrations\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nAten, Jason (October 14, 2020).\n\"Zoom Is Already Where We Do Pretty Much Everything. It Just Got Even Better at It\"\n.\nInc\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2020\n.\n^\nMello, John (October 28, 2020).\n\"Zoom Beefs Up User Security With End-To-End Encryption\"\n.\ntechnewsworld.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 7,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"BT Managed Service for Zoom Meetings\"\n.\nBT.com\n.\n^\n\"BT expands digital workplace portfolio with Zoom\"\n.\ncomputerweekly.com\n. October 12, 2020.\n^\nNovet, Jordan (February 3, 2021).\n\"Zoom adds virtual receptionists for when people start going back to the office\"\n.\nCNBC\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 10,\n2023\n.\n^\nTilley, Aaron (March 22, 2021).\n\"Zoom Wants You to Zoom Even When Using Other Companies' Apps\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n. Retrieved\nMarch 23,\n2021\n.\n^\nRayome, Alison DeNisco.\n\"Zoom: Use apps like Asana and Dropbox and schedule virtual events now\"\n.\nCNET\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 24,\n2023\n.\n^\nJha, Sakshi (August 13, 2021).\n\"Zoom launches 'Focus Mode' feature; here's how you can enable it\"\n.\nIndia Today\n. Retrieved\nNovember 4,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Focus Mode Now Enabled in Zoom\"\n.\nedtech.ucsd.edu\n. Retrieved\nNovember 4,\n2022\n.\n^\nSanhz, Judy (September 12, 2021).\n\"What is and How to Use Focus Mode on Zoom\"\n.\nTechnipages\n. Retrieved\nNovember 4,\n2022\n.\n^\nClark, Mitchell (August 11, 2021).\n\"Zoom's new focus mode could keep students from distracting each other\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\nAugust 12,\n2021\n.\n^\nMolina, Brett (August 12, 2021).\n\"Kids using Zoom for school? There's a new way to keep them focused\"\n.\nUSA Today\n. Retrieved\nOctober 3,\n2021\n.\n^\nGreig, Jonathan (September 13, 2021).\n\"Zoom unveils new security features including end-to-end encryption for Zoom Phone, verified identities and more\"\n.\nZD Net\n. Retrieved\nOctober 4,\n2021\n.\n^\nWright, Tom (September 13, 2021).\n\"Zoom Launches Video Engagement Center\"\n.\nUC Today\n. Retrieved\nOctober 4,\n2021\n.\n^\nWilson, Mark (September 13, 2021).\n\"Zoom's all-out blitz to become the king of hybrid work\"\n.\nFast Company\n. Retrieved\nOctober 4,\n2021\n.\n^\nLyons, Kim (October 25, 2021).\n\"Zoom now has auto-generated captions available for free accounts\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. Retrieved\nOctober 25,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Zoom announced a slate of updates and new features\"\n.\nTechCrunch\n. April 20, 2022\n. Retrieved\nApril 21,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Zoom launches AI-powered features aimed at sales teams\"\n.\nTechCrunch\n. April 13, 2022\n. Retrieved\nApril 21,\n2022\n.\n^\nSawers, Paul (February 23, 2022).\n\"Zoom launches 'video-optimized' Contact Center into general availability\"\n.\nVenture Beat\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nGleason, Mike (July 7, 2022).\n\"Zoom One bundles services to draw single-vendor customers\"\n.\nTech Target\n. Retrieved\nAugust 24,\n2022\n.\n^\nDas, Aruna.\n\"Rules for the Zoom era: How to be a high school student during the coronavirus pandemic\"\n.\nUSA Today\n. Retrieved\nMarch 26,\n2021\n.\n^\nSabbagh, Dan (April 24, 2020).\n\"UK government told not to use Zoom because of China fears\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nHodge, Rae (May 8, 2020).\n\"Zoom security issues: Zoom buys security company, aims for end-to-end encryption\"\n.\nCNET\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 12, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nSpan, Paula (May 8, 2020).\n\"With Red Tape Lifted, Dr. Zoom Will See You Now\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 12, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nHerrera Greenspan, Hannah (May 21, 2020).\n\"Using Zoom, Chicago hair stylists help clients cut and color their own hair at home\"\n.\nChicago Tribune\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nNierenberg, Amelia (May 2, 2020).\n\"Go Ahead, Blow Out the Candles on Zoom\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 10, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nLi, Sara (May 7, 2020).\n\"Zoom funerals are a new reality in quarantine. This is what they're like\"\n.\nInsider\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on January 4, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nSpringer, Shira (May 16, 2020).\n\"For Some, Zoom Bar And Bat Mitzvahs Highlight 'Most Meaningful And Memorable Moments'\n\"\n.\nNPR\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nRobbins, Roni (April 12, 2020).\n\"Zoom Mitzvah\"\n.\nAtlanta Jewish Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 26, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nImpey, Steven (July 16, 2020).\n\"F1 calls on Zoom to deliver virtual race-day fan experience\"\n.\nSports Pro Media\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nHall, Sam (July 16, 2020).\n\"F1 and Zoom partner to create a Virtual Paddock Club\"\n.\nGP Fans\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nChamings, Andrew (July 27, 2020).\n\"The 'Zoom room' boom: A very 2020 real estate trend\"\n.\nSan Francisco Chronicle\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nSchwartz, Alexandra (May 18, 2020).\n\"The First Great Original Play of Quarantine\"\n.\nThe New Yorker\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Oprah Winfrey to Launch Live Virtual Experience on Wellness\"\n.\nThe Hollywood Reporter\n. May 12, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nPhillips, Maya (July 26, 2020).\n\"\n'In These Uncertain Times' Review: Love, Loss and Zoom\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nIqbal, Nosheen (August 16, 2020).\n\"House of horror: Host, the Zoom-call hit movie that has Hollywood quaking\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 20,\n2020\n.\n^\nCollis, Clark (August 17, 2020).\n\"\n'Our pitch was, it's going to be scary': The making of lockdown horror movie Host\"\n.\nEntertainment Weekly\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 20,\n2020\n.\n^\nPhillips, Maya (August 17, 2020).\n\"From a Wrestling Ring to Tiny Boxes: How 'Chad Deity' Went Zoom\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 20,\n2020\n.\n^\nMeyer, Dan (August 15, 2020).\n\"Pulitzer Prize Finalist The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity Gets Virtual Reading August 15\"\n.\nPlaybill\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nAugust 20,\n2020\n.\n^\nMorgenstern, Joe (January 14, 2021).\n\"\n'Locked Down' Review: A Covid-Era Heist\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 22,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea Symposium\"\n.\nsloveniatimes.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nOctober 27,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Oxford, Cambridge and Harvard Professors at the Alma Mater Europaea symposium\"\n.\nen.almamater.si\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nOctober 27,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"RSA Global Webinar Series\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020.\n^\n\"Richard Albert--Global Summit\"\n.\nMenu\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nOctober 28,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Conference Details\"\n.\neconomicscience.org\n. Archived from\nthe original\non September 19, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 12,\n2021\n.\n^\n\"The 2020 Around-the-Clock Around-the-Globe Magnetics Conference\"\n.\nieeemagnetics.org\n. Archived from\nthe original\non April 13, 2022\n. Retrieved\nApril 12,\n2021\n.\n^\nParncutt, Richard; Meyer-Kahlen, Nils; Sattmann, Sabrina (December 20, 2019). Iles, Alastair (ed.).\n\"Live-streaming at international academic conferences: Technical and organizational options for single- and multiple-location formats\"\n.\nElementa: Science of the Anthropocene\n.\n7\n(54): 54.\nBibcode\n:\n2019EleSA...7...54P\n.\ndoi\n:\n10.1525\/elementa.392\n.\nISSN\n \n2325-1026\n.\n^\nBramesco, Charles (September 18, 2020).\n\"Pitt! Aniston! Roberts! Freeman! Was this the starriest Zoom ever?\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nNolan, Emma (September 18, 2020).\n\"Where to Watch Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston 'Fast Times At Ridgemont High' Table Read\"\n.\nNewsweek\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nShaffer, Claire (September 20, 2020).\n\"Emmys 2020: Jimmy Kimmel Opens With a Zoom Room of Nominees\"\n.\nRolling Stone\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nKaufman, Gil (September 22, 2020).\n\"Selena Gomez & Blackpink Zoom in From Home For 'Ice Cream' Lyric Video\"\n.\nBillboard\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nSaad, Nardine (September 22, 2020).\n\"Sterling K. Brown and Uzo Aduba flip the 'Friends' script with an all-Black cast\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nGarrity, Amanda (September 22, 2020).\n\"How to Watch and Stream the 'Friends' Remake With Sterling K. Brown and Ryan Michelle Bathe\"\n.\nGood Housekeeping\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 30,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"\n'Something Was Badly Wrong': When Washington Realized Russia Was Actually Invading Ukraine\"\n.\nPolitico\n. February 24, 2023.\n^\nRoose, Kevin (August 5, 2024).\n\"How 2024 Became the Zoom Election\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nMarch 14,\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Zoom under increased scrutiny as popularity soars\"\n.\nBBC News\n. April 1, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 1, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 1,\n2020\n.\n^\nLopez, Napier (April 22, 2020).\n\"Zoom's 5.0 update helps stop zoombombing and improves encryption\"\n.\nThe Next Web\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 29,\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\nMarczak, Bill; Scott-Railton, John (April 3, 2020).\n\"Move Fast & Roll Your Own Crypto: A Quick Look at the Confidentiality of Zoom Meetings\"\n.\nCitizen Lab\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 12, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 4,\n2020\n.\n^\nDonnell (April 1, 2020).\n\"Two Zoom Zero-Day Flaws Uncovered\"\n.\nThreatpost\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 21, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 29,\n2020\n.\n^\nHakim, Danny; Singer, Natasha (March 30, 2020).\n\"New York Attorney General Looks Into Zoom's Privacy Practices\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 2, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 31,\n2020\n.\n^\nFeiner, Lauren (May 8, 2020).\n\"Zoom strikes a deal with NY AG office, closing the inquiry into its security problems\"\n.\nCNBC\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 15, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 4,\n2020\n.\n^\nIyengar, Rishi (April 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom CEO apologizes for having 'fallen short' on privacy and security\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 3,\n2020\n.\n^\nWarren, Tom (April 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom announces 90-day feature freeze to fix privacy and security issues\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nHern, Alex (April 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom says engineers will focus on security and safety issues\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nISSN\n \n0261-3077\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 9, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\nBellovin, Steven M.\n(April 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom Security: The Good, the Bad, and the Business Model\"\n.\nColumbia University\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\nPaul, Kari (April 2, 2020).\n\"\n'Zoom is malware': why experts worry about the video conferencing platform\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nISSN\n \n0261-3077\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 10, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Is Zoom safe and can it be hacked?\"\n.\nThe Independent\n. April 2, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\nWarren, Tom (April 22, 2020).\n\"Zoom releases 5.0 update with security and privacy improvements\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 22, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nPorter, Jon (September 11, 2020).\n\"Zoom's mobile and desktop apps now support two-factor authentication\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 29,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Google bans its employees from using Zoom over security concerns\"\n. April 8, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 15, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nJitendra Soni (April 15, 2020).\n\"More top companies ban Zoom following security fears\"\n.\nTechradar\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 21, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 22,\n2020\n.\nAmong the latest organisations to block the use of Zoom are German industrial giant Siemens, which sent out an internal circular urging its employees to not use the tool for video conferencing, with Standard Chartered Bank also issuing a similar note to its staff.\n^\nVigliarolo, Brandon (April 9, 2020).\n\"Who has banned Zoom? Google, NASA, and more\"\n.\ntechPresident\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 13, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 14,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"MHA issues Advisory on Secure use of ZOOM Meeting Platform\"\n.\npib.gov.in\n. Retrieved\nApril 16,\n2020\n.\n^\nZaveri, Paayal (May 6, 2020).\n\"The NYC Department of Education is reversing its ban on Zoom after the company addresses its security and privacy concerns\"\n.\nBusiness Insider\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 15,\n2020\n.\n^\nSt. John, Allen (March 24, 2020).\n\"Zoom Calls Aren't as Private as You May Think. Here's What You Should Know\"\n.\nConsumer Reports\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 25, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nO'Flaherty, Kate (March 25, 2020).\n\"Zoom's A Lifeline During COVID-19: This Is Why It's Also A Privacy Risk\"\n.\nForbes\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 26, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 27,\n2020\n.\ncollects and stores personal data and shares it with third parties such as advertisers. But Zoom's policy also covers what it labels \"customer content\" or \"the content contained in cloud recordings, and instant messages, files, whiteboards... shared while using the service\". This includes videos, transcripts that can be generated automatically, documents shared on screen, and the names of everyone on a call.\n^\nMorse, Jack (March 13, 2020).\n\"Zoom is a work-from-home privacy disaster waiting to happen\"\n.\nMashable\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 26, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nCox, Joseph (March 26, 2020).\n\"Zoom iOS App Sends Data to Facebook Even if You Don't Have a Facebook Account\"\n.\nVice\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 10, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 27,\n2020\n.\n^\nCox, Joseph (March 27, 2020).\n\"Zoom Removes Code That Sends Data to Facebook\"\n.\nVice\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 2, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 28,\n2020\n.\n^\nTung, Liam (March 30, 2020).\n\"Zoom to iPhone users: We're no longer sending your data to Facebook\"\n.\nZDNet\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 31, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nRosenblatt, Joel (March 31, 2020).\n\"Zoom Sued for Allegedly Illegally Disclosing Personal Data\"\n.\nBloomberg News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 31,\n2020\n.\n^\nFinnegan, Matthew (April 9, 2020).\n\"Zoom hit by investor lawsuit as security, privacy concerns mount\"\n.\nComputer World\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nKrolik, Aaron; Singer, Natasha (April 2, 2020).\n\"A Feature on Zoom Secretly Displayed Data From People's LinkedIn Profiles\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 3, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 3,\n2020\n.\nas high school students in Colorado signed in to a mandatory video meeting for a class, Zoom readied the full names and email addresses of at least six students — and their teacher — for possible use by its LinkedIn profile-matching tool\n^\nChin, Monica (April 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom has disabled a feature that was exposing users' LinkedIn profiles\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 13, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nBartz, Diane (May 12, 2020).\n\"U.S. FTC indicates it is looking at Zoom privacy woes\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 24,\n2020\n.\n^\nSimons, Joseph J.; Phillips, Noah Joshua; Chopra, Rohit; Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly; Wilson, Christine S.\n\"Zoom Communications: Complaint\"\n(PDF)\n.\nftc.gov\n.\nFederal Trade Commission\n.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on December 17, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 17,\n2020\n.\nZoom did not employ end-to-end encryption... Zoom did not employ 256-bit Encryption... recorded Messages are not stored encrypted in Zoom's cloud storage immediately after a Meeting has ended... Zoom installed the ZoomOpener webserver, without adequate notice or consent, to circumvent a browser privacy and security safeguard... the webserver would remain on users' computers even after they had uninstalled the Zoom App.\n^\n\"FTC Requires Zoom to Enhance its Security Practices as Part of Settlement\"\n. FTC.gov. November 8, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 11,\n2020\n.\n^\nSimons, Joseph J.; Phillips, Noah Joshua; Chopra, Rohit; Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly; Wilson, Christine S.\n\"Zoom Communications: Agreement Containing Consent Order\"\n(PDF)\n.\nftc.gov\n.\nFederal Trade Commission\n.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nDecember 17,\n2020\n.\nmust not misrepresent in any manner, expressly or by implication, the security features... establish and implement, and thereafter maintain, a comprehensive information security program... The Assessments must be obtained by one or more qualified, objective, independent third-party professionals...\n^\n\"CVE-2018-15715\"\n.\nNational Vulnerability Database\n. November 30, 2018.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 9, 2019\n. Retrieved\nJuly 9,\n2019\n.\n^\nCVE\n-\n2018-15715\n^\n\"Security: CVE-2018-15715\"\n. Zoom.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 19, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nLeitschuh, Jonathan (July 9, 2019).\n\"Zoom Zero Day: 4+ Million Webcams & maybe an RCE? Just get them to visit your website!\"\n.\nMedium\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 9, 2019\n. Retrieved\nJuly 9,\n2019\n.\n^\nAnderson, Tim (July 9, 2019).\n\"Anyone for unintended Chat Roulette? Zoom installs hidden Mac web server to allow auto-join video conferencing\"\n.\nThe Register\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 9, 2019\n. Retrieved\nJuly 9,\n2019\n.\n^\nGoodin, Dan (April 1, 2020).\n\"Attackers can use Zoom to steal users' Windows credentials with no warning\"\n.\nArs Technica\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 1, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2020\n.\nThe vulnerability was first described last week by a researcher who uses the Twitter handle @_g0dmode. He wrote: \"#Zoom chat allows you to post links such as \\\\x.x.x.x\\xyz to attempt to capture Net-NTLM hashes if clicked by other users.\n^\nAbrams, Lawrence (March 31, 2020).\n\"Zoom Lets Attackers Steal Windows Credentials, Run Programs via UNC Links\"\n.\nBleeping Computer\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 5, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"The Zoom Privacy Backlash Is Only Getting Started\"\n.\nWired\n. April 1, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 6, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 6,\n2020\n.\n^\nCVE\n-\n2020-11470\n^\n\"Update: Zoom issues fix for UNC vulnerability that lets hackers steal Windows credentials via chat\"\n.\nPC World\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nFranceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (April 15, 2020).\n\"Hackers Are Selling a Critical Zoom Zero-Day Exploit for $500,000\"\n.\nVice\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 23, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 16,\n2020\n.\n^\nCimpanu, Catalin.\n\"Zoom to revamp bug bounty program, bring in more security experts\"\n.\nZDNet\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 11,\n2020\n.\n^\nMcMillan, Robert (April 16, 2020).\n\"Zoom Hires Security Heavyweights to Fix Flaws\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 10, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nPeters, Jay (July 1, 2020).\n\"Zoom promises its first transparency report later this year\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\nCruze, Danny (July 2, 2020).\n\"Zoom released 100 new security features in 90 days\"\n.\nLive Mint\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom's new security feature will let you stop 'Zoombombers' in their tracks\"\n.\nThe Verge\n. November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nNovember 16,\n2020\n.\n^\nNewman, Lily Hay.\n\"Zoom's Auto-Update Feature Came With Hidden Risks on Mac\"\n.\nWired\n.\nISSN\n \n1059-1028\n. Retrieved\nAugust 14,\n2022\n.\n^\nBond, Shannon (April 3, 2020).\n\"A Must For Millions, Zoom Has A Dark Side — And An FBI Warning\"\n.\nNPR\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 9,\n2020\n.\n^\nHern, Alex (March 27, 2020).\n\"Trolls exploit Zoom privacy settings as app gains popularity\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nISSN\n \n0261-3077\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\nLorenz, Taylor (March 20, 2020).\n\"\n'Zoombombing': When Video Conferences Go Wrong\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 27, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nGoodin, Dan (July 18, 2019).\n\"My browser, the spy: How extensions slurped up browsing histories from 4M users\"\n.\nArs Technica\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 19,\n2024\n.\n^\nFowler, Geoffrey A. (July 19, 2019).\n\"Perspective | I found your data. It's for sale\"\n.\nWashington Post\n.\nISSN\n \n0190-8286\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 19,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"DataSpii Impacted Companies\"\n.\nSecurity with Sam\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 19,\n2024\n.\n^\nJadali, Sam (July 18, 2019).\n\"DataSpii - A global catastrophic data leak via browser extensions\"\n.\nSecurity with Sam\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 19,\n2024\n.\n^\nKan, Michael (April 20, 2020).\n\"Got a Zoom-Bombing Problem? Zoom Will Soon Let You Report Attacks in Real Time\"\n.\nPC Magazine\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 5, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 26,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Encryption for Meetings\"\n. Zoom Communications.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 8, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 7,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Advanced Encryption for Chat\"\n. Zoom Communications.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 7, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 7,\n2020\n.\n^\nLee, Micah; Grauer, Yael (March 31, 2020).\n\"Zoom Meetings Aren't End-to-End Encrypted, Despite Misleading Marketing\"\n.\nThe Intercept\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 2, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMarch 31,\n2020\n.\nCurrently, it is not possible to enable E2E encryption for Zoom video meetings. (...) When we use the phrase 'End to End' in our other literature, it is in reference to the connection being encrypted from Zoom end point to Zoom end point.\n^\nStankiewicz, Kevin (April 17, 2020).\n\"Ex-Facebook security chief, now Zoom advisor, says he still trusts Zoom for his video meetings\"\n.\nCNBC\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 22, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nBarrett, Brian (May 9, 2020).\n\"Security News This Week: Zoom Security Gets a Boost With Keybase Acquisition\"\n.\nWired\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 17, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom acquires Keybase to get end-to-end encryption expertise\"\n.\nTechCrunch\n. May 7, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 15, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 7,\n2020\n.\n^\nWhitney, Lance (May 26, 2020).\n\"How Zoom plans to better secure meetings with end-to-end encryption\"\n.\nTech Republic\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 27, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 26,\n2020\n.\n^\nCVE\n-\n2020-11500\n^\nRobertson, Adi (June 3, 2020).\n\"Zoom says free users won't get end-to-end encryption so FBI and police can access calls\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 5,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom to exclude free calls from end-to-end encryption to allow FBI cooperation\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n. June 4, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 11, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJune 5,\n2020\n.\n^\nStatt, Nick (June 17, 2020).\n\"Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all\"\n.\nThe Verge\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nJuly 30,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom encryption whitepaper\"\n.\nGitHub\n. June 17, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 8,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis\"\n. September 7, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 8,\n2020\n.\n^\nWhittaker, Zack (April 4, 2020).\n\"Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake\"\n.\nTechCrunch\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 9, 2020\n. Retrieved\nApril 5,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 13,\n2020\n.\n^\nKarabus, Jude.\n\"Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg\"\n.\ntheregister.com\n. Retrieved\nAugust 18,\n2021\n.\nOfficial website\n(in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#History)\n- [2 Features](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Features)\n- [3 Usage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Usage)\n- [4 Reception](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Reception)\n  Toggle Reception subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Privacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Privacy)\n  - [4\\.2 Security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Security)\n    - [4\\.2.1 Vulnerabilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Vulnerabilities)\n    - [4\\.2.2 Zoombombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Zoombombing)\n    - [4\\.2.3 Encryption practices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Encryption_practices)\n  - [4\\.3 Data routing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Data_routing)\n  - [4\\.4 Regulatory issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#Regulatory_issues)\n- [5 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#See_also)\n- [6 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#References)\n- [7 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Zoom (software)\n38 languages\n\n- [Aragonés](https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom \"Zoom – Aragonese\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85_\$%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC\$ \"زووم (برنامج) – Arabic\")\n- [Azərbaycanca](https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$proqram\$ \"Zoom (proqram) – Azerbaijani\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom \"Zoom – Belarusian\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC \"Зуум – Bulgarian\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE_\$%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0\$ \"জুম (সফটওয়্যার) – Bangla\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$programari\$ \"Zoom (programari) – Catalan\")\n- [کوردی](https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85_\$%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1\$ \"زووم (نەرمامێر) – Central Kurdish\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Zoom (software) – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$rakendus\$ \"Zoom (rakendus) – Estonian\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$sofwarea\$ \"Zoom (sofwarea) – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85_\$%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1\$ \"زوم (نرم‌افزار) – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$ohjelmisto\$ \"Zoom (ohjelmisto) – Finnish\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9D_\$%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9D\$ \"זום (יישום) – Hebrew\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$perangkat_lunak\$ \"Zoom (perangkat lunak) – Indonesian\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Zoom (software) – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3\$ \"Zoom (アプリケーション) – Japanese\")\n- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98_\$%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B8\$ \"ហ៊្សូម (កម្មវិធី) – Khmer\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%A4%8C_\$%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4\$ \"줌 (소프트웨어) – Korean\")\n- [മലയാളം](https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%82_\$%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC\$ \"സൂം (സോഫ്‌റ്റ്‌വെയർ) – Malayalam\")\n- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B2_\$ \"Zoom ( ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲ ) – Burmese\")\n- [नेपाली](https:\/\/ne.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE_\$%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0\$ \"जूम (सफ्टवेयर) – Nepali\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$oprogramowanie\$ \"Zoom (oprogramowanie) – Polish\")\n- [Runa Simi](https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$llamp%27ukaq\$ \"Zoom (llamp'ukaq) – Quechua\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0\$ \"Zoom (программа) – Russian\")\n- [සිංහල](https:\/\/si.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A\$%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C\$ \"සූම්(මෘදුකාංග) – Sinhala\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Zoom (software) – Simple English\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom \"Zoom – Serbian\")\n- [తెలుగు](https:\/\/te.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_\$%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D\$ \"జూమ్ (సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్) – Telugu\")\n- [Тоҷикӣ](https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0\$ \"Zoom (барнома) – Tajik\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1_\$%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C\$ \"ซูม (ซอฟต์แวร์) – Thai\")\n- [Tagalog](https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Zoom (software) – Tagalog\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m\$ \"Zoom (yazılım) – Turkish\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0\$ \"Zoom (програма) – Ukrainian\")\n- [Oʻzbekcha \/ ўзбекча](https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$dastur\$ \"Zoom (dastur) – Uzbek\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%81m\$ \"Zoom (phần mềm) – Vietnamese\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6\$ \"Zoom (軟件) – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94\$ \"Zoom (軟體) – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q94979732#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Zoom_\$software\$ \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Zoom_\$software\$ \"Recent changes in pages linked from 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version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q94979732 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nVideoconferencing software\n\nThis article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\").\n\n| Zoom |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![Logo of Zoom](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/Zoom_Logo_2022.svg\/330px-Zoom_Logo_2022.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Logo_2022.svg) |   |\n| [![A grid showing the camera views of 25 people](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png\/330px-Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020 |   |\n| [Original author](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Programmer \"Programmer\") | [Eric Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Yuan \"Eric Yuan\") |\n| [Developer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Programmer \"Programmer\") | [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\") |\n| Initial release | October 12, 2011; 14 years ago (2011-10-12) |\n| [Stable release](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_release_life_cycle \"Software release life cycle\") | 6\\.7.8 \/ March 11, 2026; 7 days ago (2026-03-11)[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-3) |\n| [Operating system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operating_system \"Operating system\") | [Android 9.0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_9.0 \"Android 9.0\") and later [Windows 10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_10 \"Windows 10\") and later [OS X Mavericks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OS_X_Mavericks \"OS X Mavericks\") and later [iOS 15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS_15 \"IOS 15\") and later [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\") [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\")[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-4)[tvOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TvOS \"TvOS\")[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) [visionOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VisionOS \"VisionOS\") |\n| [Platform](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computing_platform \"Computing platform\") | [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\"), [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\"), [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"), [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\"), [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\"), [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\"), [tvOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TvOS \"TvOS\"), [visionOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VisionOS \"VisionOS\") |\n| Available in | 15 languages[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-6) |\n| [Type](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches \"Software categories\") | [Videoconferencing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videoconferencing \"Videoconferencing\"), [VoIP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voice_over_IP \"Voice over IP\"), and [instant messaging](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instant_messaging \"Instant messaging\") |\n| [License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_license \"Software license\") | [Freemium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freemium \"Freemium\") |\n| Website | [zoom.com](https:\/\/www.zoom.com\/) |\n\n**Zoom Workplace** (commonly known and stylized as **zoom**) is a [proprietary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proprietary_software \"Proprietary software\") [videotelephony](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videotelephony \"Videotelephony\") software program developed by [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\"). The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-7)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\nFurther information: [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg\/250px-Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg)\n\n2014 logo\n\nA beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-8) On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-9) By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-10) After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-11)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-12) In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-guard1-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tny-14)\n\nDuring the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for [remote work](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remote_work \"Remote work\"), [distance education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distance_education \"Distance education\"),[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-15) and online social relations.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-zoomnow-16) Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-17)\n\nAs of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-19)\n\n## Features\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Features\")\\]\n\nZoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-busin-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21) Zoom is compatible with [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\"), [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\"), [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\"), [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\"), [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\"), and [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"). It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-24) On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)\n\nUse of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-pricing-26) Up to 49 people can be seen on a [desktop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desktop_computer \"Desktop computer\") or [laptop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laptop \"Laptop\") screen at once,[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-27) up to 4 people per screen in [iPhone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPhone \"IPhone\") and [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\") [mobile phones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobile_phone \"Mobile phone\") and [tablet computers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablet_computer \"Tablet computer\"), and up to 16 people per screen on [iPad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPad \"IPad\").\n\nZoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-28) As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with [AES 256](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AES_256 \"AES 256\") [GCM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galois\/Counter_Mode \"Galois\/Counter Mode\") encryption enabled for all users.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-29) In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-30)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-31)\n\nZoom also offers a transcription service using [Otter.ai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otter.ai \"Otter.ai\") software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-32)\n\nIn July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as [hardware as a service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardware_as_a_service \"Hardware as a service\") products.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-33) As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-uct1-34) Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-35) Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-uct1-34) In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-36)\n\nIn September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-37)\n\nIn October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-digi-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-39) With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-inc-1-40) The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including [Slack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slack_Technologies \"Slack Technologies\"), [Salesforce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salesforce \"Salesforce\"), [Dropbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox_\$service\$ \"Dropbox (service)\"),[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-digi-38)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-inc-1-40) and [Qatalog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Qatalog&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Qatalog (page does not exist)\"). In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-41)\n\nAlso in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with [Global BT Business](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BT_Global_Services \"BT Global Services\")[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-42) to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-43)\n\nIn February 2021, Zoom added a \"virtual receptionist\" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-44)\n\nOn March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a [white-label product](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White-label_product \"White-label product\"), so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-45)\n\nIn July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as [Dropbox Spaces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox \"Dropbox\"), [Asana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asana_\$software\$ \"Asana (software)\"), and [SurveyMonkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SurveyMonkey \"SurveyMonkey\").[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-46)\n\nIn August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-48) When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-49) The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-50)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-51)\n\nIn September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced [bring your own key](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bring_your_own_key \"Bring your own key\") (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through [Okta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okta,_Inc. \"Okta, Inc.\") that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-52)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-53) Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-54)\n\nIn October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-55)\n\nIn April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-56)[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-57) In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-58)\n\nIn June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tt1-59) Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21) With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tt1-59)\n\nA version for [Apple TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_TV_\$device\$ \"Apple TV (device)\") was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tvosverge-5)\n\n## Usage\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Usage\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg\/330px-Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)\n\nIn July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_Mater_Europaea \"Alma Mater Europaea\") organized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones.\n\nZoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-60) universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-61)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-62)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-63)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-64) and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-65) funeral services,[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-66) and [bar and bat mitzvah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah \"Bar and bat mitzvah\") services.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-67)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-68) In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with [Formula One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_One \"Formula One\") to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the [Hungarian Grand Prix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Grand_Prix \"Hungarian Grand Prix\").[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-69)[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-70) An article published in July 2020 in the *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"San Francisco Chronicle\")* noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include \"Zoom rooms\" with backdrops for Zoom calls.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-71)\n\n[Richard Nelson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nelson_\$playwright\$ \"Richard Nelson (playwright)\")'s play *What Do We Need to Talk About?* takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by [The Public Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Public_Theater \"The Public Theater\") and premiered on [YouTube](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\") on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. *[The New Yorker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_Yorker \"The New Yorker\")* called it \"the first great original play of quarantine\".[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-72) *Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward* was a live virtual experience hosted by [Oprah Winfrey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oprah_Winfrey \"Oprah Winfrey\") on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-73) In Source Material's 2020 play, *In These Uncertain Times*, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-74) The British [found-footage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Found_footage_\$film_technique\$ \"Found footage (film technique)\") horror film *[Host](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Host_\$film\$ \"Host (film)\")*, directed by [Rob Savage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rob_Savage \"Rob Savage\"), features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on [Shudder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shudder_\$streaming_service\$ \"Shudder (streaming service)\") in July 2020.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-75)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-76) A live reading of [Kristoffer Diaz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kristoffer_Diaz \"Kristoffer Diaz\")'s 2009 play *[The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Elaborate_Entrance_of_Chad_Deity \"The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity\")* over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-77)[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-78) In the 2021 film *[Locked Down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locked_Down_\$2021_film\$ \"Locked Down (2021 film)\")*, directed by [Doug Liman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doug_Liman \"Doug Liman\") and starring [Anne Hathaway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anne_Hathaway \"Anne Hathaway\") and [Chiwetel Ejiofor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiwetel_Ejiofor \"Chiwetel Ejiofor\"), characters communicate through Zoom conferences.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-79)\n\nFrom July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_Mater_Europaea \"Alma Mater Europaea\") used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first \"round-the-clock and round-the-globe\" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-80)[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-81) Soon after, a format of conferences that \"virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West\",[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-82) became common, some of them running for several days.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-83)[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-84)[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-85)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-86)\n\nOn September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film *[Fast Times at Ridgemont High](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_Times_at_Ridgemont_High \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\")* was hosted by [Dane Cook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dane_Cook \"Dane Cook\"), with performers including [Brad Pitt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brad_Pitt \"Brad Pitt\"), [Jennifer Aniston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jennifer_Aniston \"Jennifer Aniston\"), [Julia Roberts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julia_Roberts \"Julia Roberts\"), original cast member [Sean Penn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sean_Penn \"Sean Penn\"), [Matthew McConaughey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_McConaughey \"Matthew McConaughey\"), [Shia LaBeouf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shia_LaBeouf \"Shia LaBeouf\"), [Morgan Freeman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morgan_Freeman \"Morgan Freeman\") (who served as the narrator), [Jimmy Kimmel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Kimmel \"Jimmy Kimmel\"), [Ray Liotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ray_Liotta \"Ray Liotta\"), and [John Legend](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Legend \"John Legend\"), to raise money for the charity [CORE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Organized_Relief_Effort \"Community Organized Relief Effort\").[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-87)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-88) The broadcast of the [72nd Primetime Emmy Awards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards \"72nd Primetime Emmy Awards\") on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-89) On an alternate music video for the 2020 single \"[Ice Cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_Cream_\$Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song\$ \"Ice Cream (Blackpink and Selena Gomez song)\")\" by [Blackpink](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackpink \"Blackpink\") featuring [Selena Gomez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selena_Gomez \"Selena Gomez\"), the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-90) The series *Zoom Where It Happens*, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of *[The Golden Girls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Golden_Girls \"The Golden Girls\")*, reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of *[Friends](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friends \"Friends\")*, hosted by [Gabrielle Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabrielle_Union \"Gabrielle Union\") and featuring [Sterling K. Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sterling_K._Brown \"Sterling K. Brown\") and [Uzo Aduba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uzo_Aduba \"Uzo Aduba\").[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-91)[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-92) Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine\").[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-93)\n\nDuring the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-94)\n\n## Reception\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Reception\")\\]\n\nZoom has been criticized for \"security lapses and poor design choices\" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-95)[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Lopez_2020-96) Many of Zoom's issues \"surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings\", which [Citizen Lab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizen_Lab \"Citizen Lab\") found to \"also, by design, reduce privacy or security\".[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-citlab-97)[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Donnell_2020-98) In March 2020, [New York State Attorney General](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_State_Attorney_General \"New York State Attorney General\") [Letitia James](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letitia_James \"Letitia James\") launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nyag-99) The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-100) In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for \"large institutions with full IT support\".[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-101) He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-102) Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-103)[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-104)[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-106) In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-107) In September 2020, Zoom added support for [two-factor authentication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-factor_authentication \"Two-factor authentication\") to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-108)\n\nAs of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include [Google](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google \"Google\"),[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-109) [Siemens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens \"Siemens\"),[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Siemens-110) the [Australian Defence Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Defence_Force \"Australian Defence Force\"), the [German Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs \"German Ministry of Foreign Affairs\"), the [Indian Ministry of Home Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_\$India\$ \"Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\"), [SpaceX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceX \"SpaceX\"), and the [New York City Department of Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Department_of_Education \"New York City Department of Education\").[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-who-111)[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-112) In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-113)\n\n### Privacy\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Privacy\")\\]\n\nZoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-114)[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-116)\n\nIn March 2020, a [Motherboard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motherboard_\$website\$ \"Motherboard (website)\") article found that the company's [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\") app was sending device analytics data to [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\") on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-117) Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the [SDK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_development_kit \"Software development kit\") after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-118)[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-119) In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in [U.S. Federal Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Federal_Court \"U.S. Federal Court\") for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-120) Zoom responded that it \"has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward\".[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-121)\n\nIn April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to [LinkedIn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LinkedIn \"LinkedIn\"), allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-122) Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-123) In May 2020, the [Federal Trade Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Trade_Commission \"Federal Trade Commission\") announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-124) The FTC alleged in a complaint[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-FTC-complaint-125) that since at least 2016, \"Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed [HIPAA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act \"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\") compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised.\"[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-126) On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an [information security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_security \"Information security\") program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-FTC-agreement-127)\n\n### Security\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Security\")\\]\n\n#### Vulnerabilities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Vulnerabilities\")\\]\n\nIn November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof [UDP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User_Datagram_Protocol \"User Datagram Protocol\") messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-129) The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-130) In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a [zero-day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-day_\$computing\$ \"Zero-day (computing)\") vulnerability allowing any website to force a [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\") user to join a Zoom call, with their [video camera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_camera \"Video camera\") activated, without the user's permission.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-131) Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-132) In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\") users' [credentials](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Credential#Information_technology \"Credential\") could be exposed.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-133)[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-134) Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-135)[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-136) Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-137)\n\nMotherboard reported that there were two Zoom [zero-days](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-day_\$computing\$ \"Zero-day (computing)\") for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for \\$500,000, on April 15, 2020.[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-138) Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the [dark web](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dark_web \"Dark web\").[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\") CSO [Alex Stamos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Stamos \"Alex Stamos\"), former [Google](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google \"Google\") global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the [NCC Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NCC_Group \"NCC Group\"), and [Johns Hopkins University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johns_Hopkins_University \"Johns Hopkins University\") cryptographer [Matthew D. Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_D._Green \"Matthew D. Green\").[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-139)\n\nOn April 20, 2020, the *[New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\")* reported that [Dropbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox_\$service\$ \"Dropbox (service)\") engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the *New York Times* noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25) In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst2-140) On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-141)[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-142)\n\nOn November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for [Mac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacBook \"MacBook\"), [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\"), and [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"), as well as Zoom mobile apps.[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-143)\n\nOn August 12, 2022, [Wired magazine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wired_\$magazine\$ \"Wired (magazine)\") reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom [Mac OS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macintosh_operating_systems \"Macintosh operating systems\") desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a [privilege escalation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Privilege_escalation \"Privilege escalation\") attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-144)\n\n#### Zoombombing\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Zoombombing\")\\]\n\nFurther information: [Zoombombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoombombing \"Zoombombing\")\n\n\"[Zoombombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoombombing \"Zoombombing\")\" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-145)[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-146)[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-147) In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the [DataSpii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DataSpii \"DataSpii\") leak.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-148)[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-149) This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-150)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-151) NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22) The company also created a new \"report a user to Zoom\" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-152)\n\n#### Encryption practices\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Encryption practices\")\\]\n\nZoom encrypts its public data streams, using [TLS 1.2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TLS_1.2 \"TLS 1.2\") with AES-256 ([Advanced Encryption Standard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard \"Advanced Encryption Standard\")) to protect [signaling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signaling_\$telecommunications\$ \"Signaling (telecommunications)\"), and AES-128 to protect [streaming media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streaming_media \"Streaming media\").[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-153) Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use \"[end-to-end encryption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/End-to-end_encryption \"End-to-end encryption\")\" in its marketing materials,[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-154) but later clarified it meant \"from Zoom end point to Zoom end point\" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which *[The Intercept](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Intercept \"The Intercept\")* described as misleading and \"dishonest\".[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-155) [Alex Stamos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Stamos \"Alex Stamos\"), a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\"), noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of [Google Hangouts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Hangouts \"Google Hangouts\"), [Microsoft Teams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Teams \"Microsoft Teams\"), and [Cisco Webex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cisco_Webex \"Cisco Webex\").[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cnbc1-156) On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired [Keybase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keybase \"Keybase\"), a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wiredkeybase-157)[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-158) Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-159)\n\nIn April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in [ECB mode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_\$ECB\$ \"Block cipher mode of operation\"), which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-160) During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the [China Internet Security Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_Internet_Security_Law \"China Internet Security Law\").[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-citlab-97)\n\nOn June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to [end-to-end encryption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/End-to-end_encryption \"End-to-end encryption\") so that they could cooperate with the [FBI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") and law enforcement.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-161) Later, they said that they do not \"proactively monitor meeting content\".[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-162) On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-163)\n\nOn September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher [Nadim Kobeissi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nadim_Kobeissi \"Nadim Kobeissi\") accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-164) Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public [character assassination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Character_assassination \"Character assassination\") attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-165)\n\n### Data routing\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Data routing\")\\]\n\nZoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in [mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mainland_China \"Mainland China\"), prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-166) The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would \"never be routed through China\" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-167)[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-168)\n\n### Regulatory issues\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Regulatory issues\")\\]\n\nIn August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\") in breach of the [General Data Protection Regulation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Data_Protection_Regulation \"General Data Protection Regulation\") (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the *[Schrems II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schrems_II \"Schrems II\")* ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-169)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [List of video telecommunication services and product brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_video_telecommunication_services_and_product_brands \"List of video telecommunication services and product brands\")\n- [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\")\n- [Zoom fatigue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_fatigue \"Zoom fatigue\")\n- [Zoom town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_town \"Zoom town\")\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.com\/hc\/en\/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0061222). *Zoom Support*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"Zoom Workplace\"](https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=us.zoom.videomeetings). *Google Play*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Zoom Workplace\"](https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/zoom-workplace\/id546505307). *App Store*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/201362023). *support.zoom.us*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211103060441\/https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/201362023) from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2022.\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-tvosverge_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-tvosverge_5-1)\n   Wes Davis (December 3, 2023). [\"Zoom's new Apple TV meeting app uses your iPhone as the camera\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/12\/3\/23986292\/zoom-for-home-apple-tv-4k-app-continuity-camera-iphone-tvos-17-video-meetings). [The Verge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Verge \"The Verge\"). Retrieved December 8, 2024.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Change your language on Zoom\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/209982306-Change-your-language-on-Zoom). *support.zoom.us*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200626170327\/https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/209982306-Change-your-language-on-Zoom) from the original on June 26, 2020. 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Retrieved April 13, 2020.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"Zoom Raises \\$6M Series A, Launches Version 1.0 Of Its\"](https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2013\/01\/28\/zoom-raises-6m-series-a-launches-version-1-0-of-its-radically-different-virtual-conferencing-tool\/). *[TechCrunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TechCrunch \"TechCrunch\")*. January 28, 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160923032706\/https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2013\/01\/28\/zoom-raises-6m-series-a-launches-version-1-0-of-its-radically-different-virtual-conferencing-tool\/) from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2020.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-10)**\n    Pleasant, Robbie (May 23, 2013). [\"Zoom Communications Reaches 1 Million Participants\"](https:\/\/www.tmcnet.com\/topics\/articles\/2013\/05\/23\/339279-zoom-video-communications-reaches-1-million-participants.htm). TMCnet. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205024\/https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/news-events\/press-releases\/2020\/11\/ftc-requires-zoom-enhance-its-security-practices-part-settlement) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.\n127. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-FTC-agreement_127-0)**\n     Simons, Joseph J.; Phillips, Noah Joshua; Chopra, Rohit; Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly; Wilson, Christine S. [\"Zoom Communications: Agreement Containing Consent Order\"](https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/cases\/1923167zoomacco2.pdf) (PDF). *ftc.gov*. [Federal Trade Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Trade_Commission \"Federal Trade Commission\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205003\/https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/cases\/1923167zoomacco2.pdf) (PDF) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020. \"must not misrepresent in any manner, expressly or by implication, the security features... establish and implement, and thereafter maintain, a comprehensive information security program... The Assessments must be obtained by one or more qualified, objective, independent third-party professionals...\"\n128. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-128)**\n     [\"CVE-2018-15715\"](https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715). *[National Vulnerability Database](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Vulnerability_Database \"National Vulnerability Database\")*. November 30, 2018. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709020711\/https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715) from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.\n129. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-129)**\n     [CVE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CVE_\$identifier\$ \"CVE (identifier)\")\\-\n     \n     [2018-15715](https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715)\n130. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-130)**\n     [\"Security: CVE-2018-15715\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360020436071-Security-CVE-2018-15715). Zoom. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200519013709\/https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360020436071-Security-CVE-2018-15715) from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n131. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-131)**\n     Leitschuh, Jonathan (July 9, 2019). [\"Zoom Zero Day: 4+ Million Webcams & maybe an RCE? 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[\"Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/17\/21294355\/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature). *[The Verge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Verge \"The Verge\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205028\/https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/17\/21294355\/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.\n164. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-164)**\n     [\"Zoom encryption whitepaper\"](https:\/\/github.com\/zoom\/zoom-e2e-whitepaper). *[GitHub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GitHub \"GitHub\")*. June 17, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205033\/https:\/\/github.com\/zoom\/zoom-e2e-whitepaper) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.\n165. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-165)**\n     [\"Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis\"](https:\/\/nadim.computer\/posts\/2020-09-07-loathing.html). September 7, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205030\/https:\/\/nadim.computer\/posts\/2020-09-07-loathing.html) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.\n166. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-166)**\n     Whittaker, Zack (April 4, 2020). [\"Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake\"](https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/04\/03\/zoom-calls-routed-china). *[TechCrunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TechCrunch \"TechCrunch\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200409185647\/https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/04\/03\/zoom-calls-routed-china\/) from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.\n167. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-167)**\n     [\"This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kateoflahertyuk\/2020\/04\/14\/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china\/). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205036\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kateoflahertyuk\/2020\/04\/14\/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china\/) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n168. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-168)**\n     [\"Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China\"](https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2020\/04\/14\/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade\/). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205041\/https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2020\/04\/14\/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade\/) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n169. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-169)**\n     Karabus, Jude. [\"Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg\"](https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/08\/17\/zoom_incompatible_with_gdpr_hamburg_warning\/). *theregister.com*. Retrieved August 18, 2021.\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.zoom.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q94979732#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\") (in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19 pandemic\")[COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\")** (disease) **[SARS-CoV-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2 \"SARS-CoV-2\")** (virus) |   |\n| [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Pre-pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS \"SARS\") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MERS \"MERS\") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimson_Contagion \"Crimson Contagion\") [Disease X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disease_X \"Disease X\") [Exercise Cygnus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exercise_Cygnus \"Exercise Cygnus\") [2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") |\n| 2020 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") |\n| 2021 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") |\n| 2022 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022\") |\n| 2023 | [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023\") |\n| [Locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")([national responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Northern | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Libya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Libya\") [Mauritania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco\") [Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia\") [Western Sahara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara\") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\") |\n| Eastern | [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti\") [Eritrea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea\") [Ethiopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia\") [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya\") [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar\") [Mauritius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Rwanda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda\") [Seychelles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles \"COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles\") [Somalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia\") [Puntland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland\") [Somaliland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland\") [South Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan\") [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania\") [Uganda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda\") |\n| Southern | [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola \"COVID-19 pandemic in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho\") [Malawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique\") [Namibia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa\") [list of deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa \"List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa\") [Zambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Central | [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon\") [Central African Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chad\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo\") [Gabon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon\") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe\") |\n| Western | [Benin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Benin\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea\") [Gambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana\") timeline 2020 [March–July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$March%E2%80%93July_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)\") [August–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$August%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") impact [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea\") [Guinea-Bissau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau\") [Ivory Coast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast\") [Liberia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia\") [Mali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mali\") [Niger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niger\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal\") [Sierra Leone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone\") [Togo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Togo\") |\n| [Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Central\/North | [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") impact [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan\") [Turkmenistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan\") |\n| East |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [Tokyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo\") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics\") [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Macau\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan\") [respirator diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") |   |\n| [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") | [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China \"COVID-19 lockdown in China\") [detail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing \"COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing\") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics\") [Heilongjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang\") [Henan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Henan\") [Hubei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei\") [Inner Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia\") [Liaoning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning\") [Shanghai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai \"COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai\") [2022 outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak \"2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak\") [Sichuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan\") [Tibet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet\") [Xinjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang\") |\n| [South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan\") [Maldives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka\") |   |\n| [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in India\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India \"COVID-19 lockdown in India\") [migrant workers' crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") timeline 2020 [January–May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$January%E2%80%93May_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)\") [June–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$June%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)\") [union government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") [state government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Vaccine Maitri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Maitri \"Vaccine Maitri\") |   |\n| By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands\") [Andhra Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh\") [Arunachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh\") [Assam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Assam\") [Bihar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar\") [Chandigarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh\") [Chhattisgarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh\") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu\") [Delhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi\") [Goa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Goa\") [Gujarat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat\") [Haryana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana\") [Himachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh\") [Jammu and Kashmir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir\") [Jharkhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand\") [Karnataka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka\") [Kerala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [Ladakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh\") [Lakshadweep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep\") [Madhya Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh\") [Maharashtra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra\") [Manipur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur\") [Meghalaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya\") [Mizoram](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram\") [Nagaland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland\") [Odisha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha\") [Puducherry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry\") [Punjab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India\") [Rajasthan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan\") [Sikkim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim\") [Tamil Nadu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu\") [Telangana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana\") [Tripura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura\") [Uttar Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh\") [Uttarakhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand\") [West Bengal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal\") |\n| [Southeast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia\") timeline [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)\") [social restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions \"Indonesia large-scale social restrictions\") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement \"Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos \"COVID-19 pandemic in Laos\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)\") [circuit breaker response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures \"2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste \"COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") | impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Aid and relief efforts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [movement control order](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_movement_control_order \"Malaysian movement control order\") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [Johor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Johor\") [Kuala Lumpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur\") [Sabah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah\") [Sarawak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak\") [Selangor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor\") |\n| [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [community quarantines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines\") [Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon \"Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon\") [evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Bangsamoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro\") [Bicol Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region\") [Cagayan Valley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley\") [Calabarzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon\") [Caraga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga\") [Central Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon\") [Central Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas\") [Cordillera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region\") [Davao Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region\") [Eastern Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas\") [Ilocos Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region\") [Metro Manila](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila \"COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila\") [Mimaropa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa\") [Northern Mindanao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao\") [Soccsksargen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen\") [Western Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas\") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula\") [Overseas Filipinos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| West | [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\$country\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)\") [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia\") [South Ossetia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iran\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq\") [Kurdistan Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel \"COVID-19 pandemic in Israel\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan\") [Kuwait](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oman\") [Palestine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine \"COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine\") [Qatar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Syria\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates\") [Yemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen\") |\n| [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Europe\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)\") [January–June 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)\") [July–December 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)\") [January–June 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$January%E2%80%93June_2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)\") [July–December 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$July%E2%80%93December_2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") [Operation Rescript](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Rescript \"Operation Rescript\") [contracts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom\") impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n| By location | [England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England \"COVID-19 pandemic in England\") timeline 2020 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London \"COVID-19 pandemic in London\") [local lockdown regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England \"COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England\") [first tier regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England \"First COVID-19 tier regulations in England\") [Northern Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)\") [Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)\") [Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wales\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [Crown Dependencies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies\") [Isle of Man](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man\") [Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey\") [Guernsey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey\") [Overseas territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia\") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory\") [Gibraltar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar\") |\n| Eastern | [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova\") [Gagauzia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia\") [Transnistria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") [government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine\") [Crimea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea\") [Sevastopol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol\") |\n| Western Balkans | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Kosovo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo\") [Montenegro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro\") [North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") |\n| [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Austria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austria\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Czech Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark\") [Faroe Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands\") [Estonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia\") [Finland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Finland\") [Åland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land \"COVID-19 pandemic in Åland\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France \"COVID-19 pandemic in France\") [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Normandy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany \"COVID-19 pandemic in Germany\") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy \"COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Latvia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia\") [Lithuania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania\") [Luxembourg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg \"COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg\") [Malta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malta\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Poland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Poland\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [Slovakia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia\") [Slovenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [Asturias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Community of Madrid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Operation Gloria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Gloria \"Operation Gloria\") |\n| EFTA countries | [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland\") [Liechtenstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norway\") [Svalbard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard \"COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland\") |\n| Microstates | [Andorra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra\") [Monaco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco\") [San Marino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino \"COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino\") [Vatican City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City\") |\n| [North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in North America\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Atlantic | [Bermuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland\") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon\") |\n| Canada | [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [federal aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [military response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Laser \"Operation Laser\") [Atlantic Bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Bubble \"Atlantic Bubble\") [Alberta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [British Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia\") [Manitoba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba\") [New Brunswick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick\") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador\") [Northwest Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories\") [Nova Scotia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia\") [Nunavut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)\") [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa\") [Peel Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel\") [Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto \"COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto\") [York Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York\") [Provincial government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") [Vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Prince Edward Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec\") [Montreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal\") [boroughs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saskatchewan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [Yukon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon\") |\n| Caribbean |   |\n|   |   |\n| Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda\") [Bahamas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas\") [Barbados](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados \"COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba\") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base\") [Dominica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic\") [Grenada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti\") [Jamaica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica\") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis\") [Saint Lucia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia\") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\") [Trinidad and Tobago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") |\n| [British Overseas Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") | [Anguilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla\") [British Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands\") [Cayman Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands\") [Montserrat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat\") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") |\n|   |   |\n| [Aruba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba\") [Curaçao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao\") [Sint Maarten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten\") |   |\n| Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire\") [Saba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saba\") [Sint Eustatius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius\") |\n| French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Saint Barthélemy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") |\n| US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") |\n| Central America | [Belize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belize\") [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica\") [El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador \"COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador\") [Guatemala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala\") [Honduras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras \"COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Panama\") |\n| [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Trump administration communication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [2021 hospital crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 \"2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19\") |   |\n| [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [federal government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [state and local governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [California government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [New York government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Texas government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council \"Eastern States Multi-state Council\") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact \"Midwest Governors Regional Pact\") [Western States Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_States_Pact \"Western States Pact\") |\n| By location | [Alabama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama\") [Alaska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska\") [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Arizona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona\") [Navajo Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation\") [Arkansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas\") [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [S.F. Bay Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area\") [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado\") [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut\") [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware\") [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida \"COVID-19 pandemic in Florida\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\$U.S._state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Idaho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho\") [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois \"COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois\") [Indiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana\") [Iowa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa\") [Kansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas\") [Kentucky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky\") [Louisiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana\") [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maine\") [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [Michigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan\") [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota \"COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota\") [Mississippi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi\") [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri \"COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri\") [Montana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montana\") [Nebraska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska\") [Nevada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [New Hampshire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire\") [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey\") [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico\") [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)\") [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina\") [North Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Ohio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio\") [Columbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio\") [Oklahoma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma\") [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon\") [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon\") [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania\") [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island\") [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina\") [South Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota\") [Tennessee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [Austin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") [Utah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Utah\") [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont\") [Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia\") [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)\") [Washington, D.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.\") [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak \"White House COVID-19 outbreak\") [West Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia\") [Wisconsin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin\") [Wyoming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming\") |\n| [Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Cook Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Federated States of Micronesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji\") [French Polynesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Kiribati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati\") [Marshall Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands\") [Nauru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru\") [New Caledonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia\") [Niue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niue\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Palau\") [Papua New Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea\") [Bougainville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville\") [Pitcairn Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands\") [Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa\") [Solomon Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands\") [Tokelau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau\") [Tonga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga\") [Tuvalu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu\") [Vanuatu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu\") [Wallis and Futuna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna\") |   |\n| [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Australia\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)\") 2021 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$January%E2%80%93June_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$July%E2%80%93December_2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)\") [Australian Capital Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory\") [Christmas Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island\") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\$Keeling\$_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands\") [New South Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales\") [Norfolk Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island\") [Northern Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory\") [Queensland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland\") [South Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia\") [Tasmania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania\") [Victoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria\") [Western Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia\") |\n| [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2020\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2021\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2022\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\$2023\$ \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Alert levels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand\") [Traffic light system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Protection_Framework \"COVID-19 Protection Framework\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [managed isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand\") |\n| [South America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in South America\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Bolivia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [São Paulo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\$state\$ \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [Ecuador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador\") [Falkland Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [Cusco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco\") [Suriname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname \"COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay\") [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela \"COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela\") |\n| Others | [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica\") [Cruise ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships\") [*Diamond Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess\") [*Grand Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess\") [Naval ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships\") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle \"COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle\") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt \"COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt\") |\n| [Impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Culture and  entertainment |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Arts and cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage\") | [References in popular culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture \"COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture\") [Cinema](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema\") [films affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Corona-chan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-chan \"Corona-chan\") [Disney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company\") [Fashion industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry\") [Music industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry\") [Performing arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts\") [Television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States\") [U.S. sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting\") [programs affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Video games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry\") |\n| [Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Female education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education\") [Homeschooling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") [exam grading controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy \"2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States\") |\n| [Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Bio-secure bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bio-secure_bubble \"Bio-secure bubble\") |   |\n| By country | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports\") |\n| By sport | [Association football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football\") [Baseball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball\") [Basketball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball\") [NBA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season \"Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season\") [Combat sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports\") [Cricket](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket\") [Disc golf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf\") [Gaelic games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games\") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football\") [Ice hockey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey\") [Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport\") [Rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league\") |\n| Society  and rights |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Social media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media\") [Stigma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 \"Social stigma associated with COVID-19\") [Children](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children\") [foster care in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States\") [Pandemic baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_baking \"Pandemic baking\") |\n| Labor | [Healthcare workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers\") [Indian migrant workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Great Resignation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Resignation \"Great Resignation\") [Strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"2021 Myanmar coup d'état\") |\n| Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States\") [Crime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime\") [Domestic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence\") [Prisons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons\") [U.S. immigration detention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention \"COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention\") |\n| Minority | [Gender](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [LGBT community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community\") [African communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities\") [Indian migrant workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers\") [Disability community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities\") [Native American communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities\") [Xenophobia and racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion\") | [Catholic Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church\") [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj\") |\n| [Economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Charitable activity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [COVID-19 scams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_scams \"COVID-19 scams\") [Travel restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment \"COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [U.K.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |\n| By industry | [Aviation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport\") [Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Cannabis industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry\") [Food industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry\") [meat industry in Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada\") [meat industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States\") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States\") [Hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals\") [ICU capacity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity\") [Long-term care facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities\") [Mink farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Public transport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport\") [Retail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism\") |\n| Supply and trade | [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Chip supply](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage \"2020–2023 global chip shortage\") [Energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis \"2021–2023 global energy crisis\") [Global supply chain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis \"2021–2023 global supply chain crisis\") [Oil price war](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war \"2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war\") [Food security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Financial markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Global stock market crash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_stock_market_crash \"2020 stock market crash\") [COVID-19 recession](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_recession \"COVID-19 recession\") [Inflation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge \"2021–2022 inflation surge\") |\n| Information |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Journalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism\") [Media coverage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Wikipedia's response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation \"COVID-19 misinformation\") | [Governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments \"COVID-19 misinformation by governments\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China \"COVID-19 misinformation by China\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States \"COVID-19 misinformation by the United States\") By country [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada \"COVID-19 misinformation in Canada\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines\") [Ivermectin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic\") *[Plandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plandemic \"Plandemic\")* |\n| [Politics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Legislation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation \"List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation\") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 \"List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19\") [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") |\n| [Protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Abkhazia_unrest \"2021 Abkhazia unrest\") [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/17A \"17A\") [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia \"COVID-19 protests in Australia\") [Convoy to Canberra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convoy_to_Canberra \"Convoy to Canberra\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Azerbaijani_protests \"2020 Azerbaijani protests\") [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests \"2020–2021 Belarusian protests\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Brussels_protests \"2022 Brussels protests\") [2020 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Brazilian_protests \"2020 Brazilian protests\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Brazilian_protests \"2021 Brazilian protests\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests \"2020–2021 Bulgarian protests\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada \"COVID-19 protests in Canada\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada_convoy_protest \"Canada convoy protest\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests \"2019–2022 Chilean protests\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China \"2022 COVID-19 protests in China\") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest \"2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest\") [healthcare reform protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests \"2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Colombian_protests \"2021 Colombian protests\") [2022 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Colombian_protests \"2022 Colombian protests\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Cuban_protests \"2021 Cuban protests\") [Yellow vests protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_vests_protests \"Yellow vests protests\") [labor protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_French_labor_protests \"2021 French labor protests\") [French West Indies social unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies \"2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France_convoy_protest \"France convoy protest\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany \"COVID-19 protests in Germany\") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting \"2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Greek_protests \"2021 Greek protests\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel \"COVID-19 protests in Israel\") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu \"2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy \"Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Mongolian_protests \"2021 Mongolian protests\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands\") [curfew riots](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots \"2021 Dutch curfew riots\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 protests in New Zealand\") [Wellington protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Wellington_protest \"2022 Wellington protest\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Paraguayan_protests \"2021 Paraguayan protests\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests \"2020–2022 Serbian protests\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Tunisian_protests \"2021 Tunisian protests\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 protests in the United States\") [Open the States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_the_States \"Open the States\") |\n| [International relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations\") | [Aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") [Vaccine diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_diplomacy \"Vaccine diplomacy\") |\n| [Language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Anthropause](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthropause \"Anthropause\") [Doomscrolling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doomscrolling \"Doomscrolling\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Green recovery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_recovery \"Green recovery\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing \"Social distancing\") [Superspreader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superspreading_event \"Superspreading event\") [Twindemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twindemic \"Twindemic\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") [Zoom]() [Zoom towns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_town \"Zoom town\") |\n| Others | [Animals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals \"COVID-19 pandemic and animals\") [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Environment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment\") [Military](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military\") [Pregnant women](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women\") [Science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\") |\n| Health issues |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical topics | [Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transmission_of_COVID-19 \"Transmission of COVID-19\") [Symptoms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 \"Symptoms of COVID-19\") [Cancer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_and_cancer \"COVID-19 and cancer\") [Endemic COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endemic_COVID-19 \"Endemic COVID-19\") [Skin manifestations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 \"Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Mental health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes\") [Pregnancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_in_pregnancy \"COVID-19 in pregnancy\") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues\") [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Rehabilitation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 \"Rehabilitation after COVID-19\") [Unproven medical methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 \"List of unproven methods against COVID-19\") |\n| Testing and epidemiology |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Datasets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_datasets \"COVID-19 datasets\") [Death rates by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country \"COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country\") [Disease testing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing \"COVID-19 testing\") [Breathalyzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_breathalyzer \"Coronavirus breathalyzer\") [Operation Moonshot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Moonshot \"Operation Moonshot\") [Test to Release](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test_to_Release \"Test to Release\") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium \"UK Rapid Test Consortium\") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test \"AbC-19 rapid antibody test\") [investigations into the origins](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 \"Investigations into the origin of COVID-19\") [lab leak theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory \"COVID-19 lab leak theory\") [Rapid antigen test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test \"COVID-19 rapid antigen test\") [Software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation \"Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation\") [Surveillance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_surveillance \"COVID-19 surveillance\") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country \"Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country\") |   |\n| [Apps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_apps \"COVID-19 apps\") | [Aarogya Setu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aarogya_Setu \"Aarogya Setu\") [BlueTrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlueTrace \"BlueTrace\") [careFIJI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CareFIJI \"CareFIJI\") [Coronavirus Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Australia \"Coronavirus Australia\") [Corona-Warn-App](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-Warn-App \"Corona-Warn-App\") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application \"COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application\") [COVID Alert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Alert \"COVID Alert\") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIDSafe \"COVIDSafe\") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Tracker_Ireland \"COVID Tracker Ireland\") [Covid Watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covid_Watch \"Covid Watch\") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing \"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing\") [Exposure Notification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exposure_Notification \"Exposure Notification\") [Health Code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Code \"Health Code\") [Healthy Together](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Healthy_Together \"Healthy Together\") [Immuni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immuni \"Immuni\") [Koronavilkku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koronavilkku \"Koronavilkku\") [LeaveHomeSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LeaveHomeSafe \"LeaveHomeSafe\") [MySejahtera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MySejahtera \"MySejahtera\") [NHS COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_COVID-19 \"NHS COVID-19\") [NZ COVID Tracer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_COVID_Tracer \"NZ COVID Tracer\") [NZ Pass Verifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_Pass_Verifier \"NZ Pass Verifier\") [PathCheck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PathCheck \"PathCheck\") [PeduliLindungi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PeduliLindungi \"PeduliLindungi\") [SafeEntry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafeEntry \"SafeEntry\") [SafePass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafePass \"SafePass\") [StaySafe.ph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/StaySafe.ph \"StaySafe.ph\") [SwissCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SwissCovid \"SwissCovid\") [TCN Protocol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TCN_Protocol \"TCN Protocol\") [Test, Trace, Protect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test,_Trace,_Protect \"Test, Trace, Protect\") [Thai Chana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai_Chana \"Thai Chana\") [TousAntiCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TousAntiCovid \"TousAntiCovid\") [TraceTogether](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TraceTogether \"TraceTogether\") [Valtrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valtrace \"Valtrace\") [Zoe Health Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoe_Health_Study \"Zoe Health Study\") |\n| Prevention | [Air purifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_purifier \"Air purifier\") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box \"Corsi–Rosenthal Box\")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Face masks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Anti-mask sentiment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-mask_sentiment \"Anti-mask sentiment\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Great Barrington Declaration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrington_Declaration \"Great Barrington Declaration\") [International aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") [Public health mitigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 \"Public health mitigation of COVID-19\") [Safe Hands Challenge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safe_Hands_Challenge \"Safe Hands Challenge\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Workplace hazard controls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 \"Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") |\n| [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Topics | [Authorizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations \"List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations\") [Clinical research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research \"COVID-19 vaccine clinical research\") [Deployment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") [Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development \"History of COVID-19 vaccine development\") [EU Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy \"COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy\") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 \"Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States\") [Operation Warp Speed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Warp_Speed \"Operation Warp Speed\") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination \"Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination\") [Vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") [Vaccine passports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| Authorized |   |\n|   |   |\n| [DNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DNA_vaccine \"DNA vaccine\") | [ZyCoV-D](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZyCoV-D \"ZyCoV-D\") |\n| [Inactivated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inactivated_vaccine \"Inactivated vaccine\") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine \"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine\") [CoronaVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoronaVac \"CoronaVac\") [Covaxin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covaxin \"Covaxin\") [COVIran Barekat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIran_Barekat \"COVIran Barekat\") [CoviVac (Russia)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoviVac_\$Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\$ \"CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)\") [FAKHRAVAC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FAKHRAVAC \"FAKHRAVAC\") [Minhai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine \"Minhai COVID-19 vaccine\") [QazCovid-in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QazCovid-in \"QazCovid-in\") [Sinopharm BIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sinopharm WIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Turkovac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkovac \"Turkovac\") [Valneva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine \"Valneva COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [mRNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA_vaccine \"MRNA vaccine\") | [Moderna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Moderna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Subunit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subunit_vaccine \"Subunit vaccine\") | [Abdala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdala_\$vaccine\$ \"Abdala (vaccine)\") [Corbevax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corbevax \"Corbevax\") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVAX-19 \"COVAX-19\") [EpiVacCorona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EpiVacCorona \"EpiVacCorona\") [IndoVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IndoVac \"IndoVac\") [MVC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine \"MVC COVID-19 vaccine\") [Noora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noora_\$vaccine\$ \"Noora (vaccine)\") [Novavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Novavax COVID-19 vaccine\") [Razi Cov Pars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Razi_Cov_Pars \"Razi Cov Pars\") [Sinopharm CNBG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine\") [Soberana 02](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_02 \"Soberana 02\") [Soberana Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_Plus \"Soberana Plus\") [ZF2001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") (Zifivax) |\n| [Viral vector](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viral_vector_vaccine \"Viral vector vaccine\") | [Convidecia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convidecia \"Convidecia\") [Janssen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine \"Janssen COVID-19 vaccine\") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine \"Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik Light](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_Light \"Sputnik Light\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [CoVLP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoVLP \"CoVLP\") |\n| In trials |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Attenuated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attenuated_vaccine \"Attenuated vaccine\") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVI-VAC_\$U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\$ \"COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)\") |\n| DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 \"AG0302-COVID‑19\") [GX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GX-19 \"GX-19\") [Inovio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Inovio COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Inactivated | [KD-414](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KD-414 \"KD-414\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") |\n| RNA | [ARCT-021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-021 \"ARCT-021\") [ARCT-154](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-154 \"ARCT-154\") [Bangavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangavax \"Bangavax\") [CureVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine \"CureVac COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [HGC019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HGC019 \"HGC019\") [mRNA-1283](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA-1283 \"MRNA-1283\") [PTX-COVID19-B](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PTX-COVID19-B \"PTX-COVID19-B\") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Walvax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Walvax COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Subunit | [202-CoV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/202-CoV \"202-CoV\") [AKS-452](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AKS-452 \"AKS-452\") [EuCorVac-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EuCorVac-19 \"EuCorVac-19\") [IVX-411](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IVX-411 \"IVX-411\") [Nanocovax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanocovax \"Nanocovax\") [ReCOV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ReCOV \"ReCOV\") [Sanofi–GSK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine\") [S-268019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S-268019 \"S-268019\") [SCB-2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCB-2019 \"SCB-2019\") [SCTV01C](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCTV01C \"SCTV01C\") [Skycovione](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skycovione \"Skycovione\") [UB-612](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UB-612 \"UB-612\") [V-01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-01 \"V-01\") [V451](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V451_vaccine \"V451 vaccine\") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine\") [West China Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine \"West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine\") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") |\n| Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AdCLD-CoV19 \"AdCLD-CoV19\") [BriLife](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BriLife \"BriLife\") [COH04S1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COH04S1 \"COH04S1\") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT \"DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT\") [GRAd-COV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRAd-COV2 \"GRAd-COV2\") [ImmunityBio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine \"ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine\") [iNCOVACC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INCOVACC \"INCOVACC\") [INNA-051](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INNA-051 \"INNA-051\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [ABNCoV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABNCoV2 \"ABNCoV2\") [LYB001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LYB001 \"LYB001\") [MigVax-101](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MigVax-101 \"MigVax-101\") [VBI-2902](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VBI-2902 \"VBI-2902\") |\n| [Deployment by location](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in Africa\") | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria\") [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola \"COVID-19 vaccination in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso\") [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad \"COVID-19 vaccination in Chad\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Asia | [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan\") [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iran\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel \"COVID-19 vaccination in Israel\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Japan\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam\") |\n| Europe | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France \"COVID-19 vaccination in France\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany \"COVID-19 vaccination in Germany\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece \"COVID-19 vaccination in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary\") [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy \"COVID-19 vaccination in Italy\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway \"COVID-19 vaccination in Norway\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain \"COVID-19 vaccination in Spain\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom\") |\n| North America | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") [mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\") |\n| Oceania | [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Australia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand\") |\n| South America | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru \"COVID-19 vaccination in Peru\") |\n| Others |   |\n| [Treatment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 \"Treatment and management of COVID-19\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Drug development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_development \"COVID-19 drug development\") [Drug repurposing research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research \"COVID-19 drug repurposing research\") [Baricitinib](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baricitinib \"Baricitinib\") [PANORAMIC trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PANORAMIC_trial \"PANORAMIC trial\") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RECOVERY_Trial \"RECOVERY Trial\") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solidarity_trial \"Solidarity trial\") (WHO) |   |\n| [Monoclonal antibodies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monoclonal_antibody \"Monoclonal antibody\") | [Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab \"Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab\") [Bamlanivimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab \"Bamlanivimab\") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bebtelovimab \"Bebtelovimab\") [Casirivimab\/imdevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casirivimab\/imdevimab \"Casirivimab\/imdevimab\") [Regdanvimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regdanvimab \"Regdanvimab\") [Sarilumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarilumab \"Sarilumab\") [Sotrovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotrovimab \"Sotrovimab\") [Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab \"Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab\") [Tocilizumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tocilizumab \"Tocilizumab\") |\n| [Small molecule antivirals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiviral_drug \"Antiviral drug\") | [Broad-spectrum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug \"Broad-spectrum antiviral drug\") [Ensitrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ensitrelvir \"Ensitrelvir\") [Molnupiravir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molnupiravir \"Molnupiravir\") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir \"Nirmatrelvir\") [ritonavir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir \"Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir\") |\n| [Variants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Specific | [Alpha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\") [Beta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\") [Gamma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\") [Delta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\") [Epsilon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\") [Zeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\") [Eta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\") [Theta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\") [Iota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\") [Kappa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant\") [Lambda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\") [Mu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\") [Omicron](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") |\n| General | [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Lineage B.1.617](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 \"SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617\") [Variant of concern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern \"SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern\") |\n| Institutions |   |\n|   |   |\n| Hospitals and medical clinics |   |\n|   |   |\n| Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan \"Central Hospital of Wuhan\") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre \"Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre\") [Fangcang hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fangcang_hospital \"Fangcang hospital\") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huoshenshan_Hospital \"Huoshenshan Hospital\") [Leishenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leishenshan_Hospital \"Leishenshan Hospital\") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel \"Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel\") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital \"Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital\") |\n| Others | [Hospital ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Garran Surge Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garran_Surge_Centre \"Garran Surge Centre\") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_El_Salvador \"Hospital El Salvador\") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village \"Kemayoran Athletes Village\") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyongyang_General_Hospital \"Pyongyang General Hospital\") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang \"Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang\") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers \"Mega Ligtas COVID Centers\") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre \"Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre\") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital \"Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital \"Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom\") [Birmingham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London \"NHS Nightingale Hospital London\") [North East](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North East\") [North West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North West\") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber\") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Louisa_Jordan \"NHS Louisa Jordan\") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital \"Dragon's Heart Hospital\") (Wales) |\n| Organizations |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National Cabinet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Cabinet_\$Australia\$ \"National Cabinet (Australia)\") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ScienceUpFirst \"ScienceUpFirst\") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology \"Wuhan Institute of Virology\") (China) [Independent SAGE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_SAGE \"Independent SAGE\") (United Kingdom) |   |\n| Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention\") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre \"Ghana Infectious Disease Centre\") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Health_\$Hong_Kong\$ \"Department of Health (Hong Kong)\") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency \"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency\") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases \"National Institute for Communicable Diseases\") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control \"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control\") (Taiwan) |\n| Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board \"National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board\") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Immunity Task Force\") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Supply_Council \"COVID-19 Supply Council\") (Canada) [PREPARE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PREPARE \"PREPARE\") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 \"National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19\") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force\") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\$2020\$ \"National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)\") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting \"Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting\") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre \"Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre\") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee \"Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee\") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases \"Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases\") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center \"Central Epidemic Command Center\") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board \"Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium \"COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium\") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team \"Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team\") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre \"Joint Biosecurity Centre\") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Taskforce \"Vaccine Taskforce\") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Advisory_Board \"COVID-19 Advisory Board\") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups \"Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups\") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force \"White House Coronavirus Task Force\") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team \"White House COVID-19 Response Team\") (United States) [GACH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GACH \"GACH\") (Uruguay) |\n| Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") (India) [Artist Relief](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artist_Relief \"Artist Relief\") (United States) |\n| People |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ai_Fen \"Ai Fen\") [Corona Rintawan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona_Rintawan \"Corona Rintawan\") [Li Wenliang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Wenliang \"Li Wenliang\") [Liu Wen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Wen_\$doctor\$ \"Liu Wen (doctor)\") [Xie Linka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xie_Linka \"Xie Linka\") [Zhang Wenhong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Wenhong \"Zhang Wenhong\") |\n| [Researchers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Coronavirus_researchers \"Category:Coronavirus researchers\") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud \"Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud\") [Roberto Burioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Burioni \"Roberto Burioni\") [Chen Wei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Wei_\$medical_scientist\$ \"Chen Wei (medical scientist)\") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kizzmekia_Corbett \"Kizzmekia Corbett\") [Andrea Crisanti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrea_Crisanti_\$scientist\$ \"Andrea Crisanti (scientist)\") [Peter Daszak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Daszak \"Peter Daszak\") [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") [Neil Ferguson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Ferguson_\$epidemiologist\$ \"Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)\") [Dale Fisher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dale_Fisher \"Dale Fisher\") [George F. Gao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_F._Gao \"George F. Gao\") [Azra Ghani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azra_Ghani \"Azra Ghani\") [Sarah Gilbert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarah_Gilbert \"Sarah Gilbert\") [Guan Yi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guan_Yi \"Guan Yi\") [Kentaro Iwata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kentaro_Iwata \"Kentaro Iwata\") [Katalin Karikó](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 \"Katalin Karikó\") [Matt Keeling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Keeling \"Matt Keeling\") [Trudie Lang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trudie_Lang \"Trudie Lang\") [Li Lanjuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Lanjuan \"Li Lanjuan\") [W. Ian Lipkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._Ian_Lipkin \"W. Ian Lipkin\") [Ma Xiaowei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma_Xiaowei \"Ma Xiaowei\") [Shabir Madhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shabir_Madhi \"Shabir Madhi\") [Allison McGeer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allison_McGeer \"Allison McGeer\") [Camilla Rothe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camilla_Rothe \"Camilla Rothe\") [Shi Zhengli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shi_Zhengli \"Shi Zhengli\") [Moncef Slaoui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moncef_Slaoui \"Moncef Slaoui\") [Mike Tildesley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Tildesley \"Mike Tildesley\") [John Todd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Todd_\$British_biologist\$ \"John Todd (British biologist)\") [Wang Chen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Chen_\$physician\$ \"Wang Chen (physician)\") [Wang Guangfa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Guangfa \"Wang Guangfa\") [Drew Weissman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drew_Weissman \"Drew Weissman\") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuen_Kwok-yung \"Yuen Kwok-yung\") [Zeng Guang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeng_Guang \"Zeng Guang\") [Zhang Jixian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Jixian \"Zhang Jixian\") [Zhang Yongzhen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Yongzhen \"Zhang Yongzhen\") [Zhong Nanshan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhong_Nanshan \"Zhong Nanshan\") |\n| Officials |   |\n|   |   |\n| WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus \"Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus\") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruce_Aylward \"Bruce Aylward\") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maria_Van_Kerkhove \"Maria Van Kerkhove\") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_J._Ryan_\$doctor\$ \"Michael J. Ryan (doctor)\") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) |\n| By location | [Frank Atherton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Atherton \"Frank Atherton\") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashley_Bloomfield \"Ashley Bloomfield\") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Calderwood \"Catherine Calderwood\") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chang_Shan-chwen \"Chang Shan-chwen\") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anutin_Charnvirakul \"Anutin Charnvirakul\") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Shih-chung \"Chen Shih-chung\") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuang_Yin-ching \"Chuang Yin-ching\") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_Costache \"Victor Costache\") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fabrizio_Curcio \"Fabrizio Curcio\") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carmen_Deseda \"Carmen Deseda\") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaap_van_Dissel \"Jaap van Dissel\") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Duque_III \"Francisco Duque III\") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Fauci \"Anthony Fauci\") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo \"Francesco Paolo Figliuolo\") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas \"Graça Freitas\") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo \"Henrique Gouveia e Melo\") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Hancock \"Matt Hancock\") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamad_Hasan \"Hamad Hasan\") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greg_Hunt \"Greg Hunt\") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Holohan \"Tony Holohan\") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeong_Eun-kyeong \"Jeong Eun-kyeong\") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahrettin_Koca \"Fahrettin Koca\") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Keqiang \"Li Keqiang\") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez \"Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez\") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_McBride_\$doctor\$ \"Michael McBride (doctor)\") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 \"Oriol Mitjà\") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zweli_Mkhize \"Zweli Mkhize\") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doni_Monardo \"Doni Monardo\") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_M%C3%B6ller \"Alma Möller\") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saeed_Namaki \"Saeed Namaki\") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_Nemerenco \"Ala Nemerenco\") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long \"Nguyễn Thanh Long\") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah \"Noor Hisham Abdullah\") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ali_Pilli \"Ali Pilli\") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Salinas \"Daniel Salinas\") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon \"Jérôme Salomon\") (France) [Fernando Simón](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n \"Fernando Simón\") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregor_Smith \"Gregor Smith\") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Su_Ih-jen \"Su Ih-jen\") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski \"Łukasz Szumowski\") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theresa_Tam \"Theresa Tam\") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anders_Tegnell \"Anders Tegnell\") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason \"Þórólfur Guðnason\") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotiris_Tsiodras \"Sotiris Tsiodras\") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harsh_Vardhan_\$Delhi_politician\$ \"Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)\") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson \"Víðir Reynisson\") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carla_Vizzotti \"Carla Vizzotti\") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_Voiculescu \"Vlad Voiculescu\") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Whitty \"Chris Whitty\") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Wong \"Lawrence Wong\") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeff_Zients \"Jeff Zients\") (United States) |\n| Others | [Chen Qiushi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Qiushi \"Chen Qiushi\") [Brett Crozier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brett_Crozier \"Brett Crozier\") [Fang Bin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Bin \"Fang Bin\") [Fang Fang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Fang \"Fang Fang\") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond \"Joseph Ashitey Hammond\") [Li Zehua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Zehua \"Li Zehua\") [Captain Tom Moore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captain_Tom_Moore \"Captain Tom Moore\") [Qiu Menghuang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qiu_Menghuang \"Qiu Menghuang\") [Ren Zhiqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren_Zhiqiang \"Ren Zhiqiang\") |\n| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 \"List of deaths due to COVID-19\") |   |\n| Data (templates) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Global | WHO situation reports [cases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_cases \"COVID-19 pandemic cases\") [deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths \"COVID-19 pandemic deaths\") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| Asia | [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Afghanistan medical cases chart\") [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Armenia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Armenia medical cases chart\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Azerbaijan medical cases chart\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bahrain medical cases chart\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases chart\") [by division](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases by division\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases chart\") [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Brunei_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Brunei medical cases chart\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases summary\") China [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases chart\") [confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\$dots\$ \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/China_medical_cases_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/China medical cases by province\") [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Hong Kong medical cases chart\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Macau_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Macau medical cases chart\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Timor-Leste_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Timor-Leste medical cases chart\") Egypt [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Georgia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Georgia medical cases chart\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/India_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/India medical cases chart\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases chart\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases chart\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iraq_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iraq medical cases chart\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases chart\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases chart\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Jordan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Jordan medical cases chart\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kazakhstan medical cases chart\") [Kuwait cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kuwait medical cases chart\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Laos_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Laos medical cases\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Lebanon medical cases chart\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases chart\") [charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") Myanmar [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases summary\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases chart\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases chart\") 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charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sri Lanka medical cases chart\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Syria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Syria medical cases chart\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Taiwan medical cases chart\") [vaccination charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Tajikistan medical cases chart\") [Thailand cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Thailand_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Thailand medical cases chart\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases chart\") 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nZoom (software)\n\n38 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$)","attrs_readable_markdown":"This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\").\n\n| Zoom |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![Logo of Zoom](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/Zoom_Logo_2022.svg\/330px-Zoom_Logo_2022.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Logo_2022.svg) |   |\n| [![A grid showing the camera views of 25 people](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/40\/Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png\/330px-Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020 |   |\n| [Original author](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Programmer \"Programmer\") | [Eric Yuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Yuan \"Eric Yuan\") |\n| [Developer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Programmer \"Programmer\") | [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\") |\n| Initial release | October 12, 2011; 14 years ago |\n| [Stable release](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_release_life_cycle \"Software release life cycle\") | 6\\.7.8 \/ March 11, 2026; 7 days ago[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-2)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-3) |\n| [Operating system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operating_system \"Operating system\") | [Android 9.0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_9.0 \"Android 9.0\") and later [Windows 10](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows_10 \"Windows 10\") and later [OS X Mavericks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OS_X_Mavericks \"OS X Mavericks\") and later [iOS 15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS_15 \"IOS 15\") and later [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\") [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\")[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-4)[tvOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TvOS \"TvOS\")[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) [visionOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VisionOS \"VisionOS\") |\n| [Platform](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Computing_platform \"Computing platform\") | [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\"), [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\"), [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"), [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\"), [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\"), [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\"), [tvOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TvOS \"TvOS\"), [visionOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VisionOS \"VisionOS\") |\n| Available in | 15 languages[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-6) |\n| [Type](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches \"Software categories\") | [Videoconferencing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videoconferencing \"Videoconferencing\"), [VoIP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voice_over_IP \"Voice over IP\"), and [instant messaging](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Instant_messaging \"Instant messaging\") |\n| [License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_license \"Software license\") | [Freemium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freemium \"Freemium\") |\n| Website | [zoom.com](https:\/\/www.zoom.com\/) |\n\n**Zoom Workplace** (commonly known and stylized as **zoom**) is a [proprietary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proprietary_software \"Proprietary software\") [videotelephony](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videotelephony \"Videotelephony\") software program developed by [Zoom Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_Communications \"Zoom Communications\"). The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-7)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg\/250px-Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg)\n\n2014 logo\n\nA beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-8) On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-9) By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-10) After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-11)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-12) In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-guard1-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tny-14)\n\nDuring the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for [remote work](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remote_work \"Remote work\"), [distance education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distance_education \"Distance education\"),[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-15) and online social relations.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-zoomnow-16) Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-17)\n\nAs of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-19)\n\nZoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-busin-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21) Zoom is compatible with [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\"), [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\"), [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\"), [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\"), [ChromeOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ChromeOS \"ChromeOS\"), and [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"). It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-24) On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)\n\nUse of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-pricing-26) Up to 49 people can be seen on a [desktop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desktop_computer \"Desktop computer\") or [laptop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laptop \"Laptop\") screen at once,[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-27) up to 4 people per screen in [iPhone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPhone \"IPhone\") and [Android](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Android_\$operating_system\$ \"Android (operating system)\") [mobile phones](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobile_phone \"Mobile phone\") and [tablet computers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tablet_computer \"Tablet computer\"), and up to 16 people per screen on [iPad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IPad \"IPad\").\n\nZoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-28) As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with [AES 256](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AES_256 \"AES 256\") [GCM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galois\/Counter_Mode \"Galois\/Counter Mode\") encryption enabled for all users.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-29) In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-30)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-31)\n\nZoom also offers a transcription service using [Otter.ai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Otter.ai \"Otter.ai\") software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-32)\n\nIn July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as [hardware as a service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardware_as_a_service \"Hardware as a service\") products.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-33) As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-uct1-34) Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-35) Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-uct1-34) In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-36)\n\nIn September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-37)\n\nIn October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-digi-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-39) With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-inc-1-40) The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including [Slack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slack_Technologies \"Slack Technologies\"), [Salesforce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salesforce \"Salesforce\"), [Dropbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox_\$service\$ \"Dropbox (service)\"),[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-digi-38)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-inc-1-40) and [Qatalog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Qatalog&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Qatalog (page does not exist)\"). In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-41)\n\nAlso in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with [Global BT Business](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BT_Global_Services \"BT Global Services\")[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-42) to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-43)\n\nIn February 2021, Zoom added a \"virtual receptionist\" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-44)\n\nOn March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a [white-label product](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White-label_product \"White-label product\"), so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-45)\n\nIn July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as [Dropbox Spaces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox \"Dropbox\"), [Asana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asana_\$software\$ \"Asana (software)\"), and [SurveyMonkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SurveyMonkey \"SurveyMonkey\").[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-46)\n\nIn August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-48) When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-49) The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-50)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-51)\n\nIn September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced [bring your own key](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bring_your_own_key \"Bring your own key\") (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through [Okta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okta,_Inc. \"Okta, Inc.\") that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-52)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-53) Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-54)\n\nIn October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-55)\n\nIn April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-56)[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-57) In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-58)\n\nIn June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tt1-59) Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cw-21) With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tt1-59)\n\nA version for [Apple TV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_TV_\$device\$ \"Apple TV (device)\") was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-tvosverge-5)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg\/330px-Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)\n\nIn July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_Mater_Europaea \"Alma Mater Europaea\") organized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones.\n\nZoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-60) universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-61)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-62)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-63)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-64) and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-65) funeral services,[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-66) and [bar and bat mitzvah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah \"Bar and bat mitzvah\") services.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-67)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-68) In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with [Formula One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Formula_One \"Formula One\") to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the [Hungarian Grand Prix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Grand_Prix \"Hungarian Grand Prix\").[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-69)[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-70) An article published in July 2020 in the *[San Francisco Chronicle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Francisco_Chronicle \"San Francisco Chronicle\")* noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include \"Zoom rooms\" with backdrops for Zoom calls.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-71)\n\n[Richard Nelson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richard_Nelson_\$playwright\$ \"Richard Nelson (playwright)\")'s play *What Do We Need to Talk About?* takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by [The Public Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Public_Theater \"The Public Theater\") and premiered on [YouTube](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\") on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. *[The New Yorker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_Yorker \"The New Yorker\")* called it \"the first great original play of quarantine\".[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-72) *Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward* was a live virtual experience hosted by [Oprah Winfrey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oprah_Winfrey \"Oprah Winfrey\") on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-73) In Source Material's 2020 play, *In These Uncertain Times*, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-74) The British [found-footage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Found_footage_\$film_technique\$ \"Found footage (film technique)\") horror film *[Host](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Host_\$film\$ \"Host (film)\")*, directed by [Rob Savage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rob_Savage \"Rob Savage\"), features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on [Shudder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shudder_\$streaming_service\$ \"Shudder (streaming service)\") in July 2020.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-75)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-76) A live reading of [Kristoffer Diaz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kristoffer_Diaz \"Kristoffer Diaz\")'s 2009 play *[The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Elaborate_Entrance_of_Chad_Deity \"The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity\")* over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-77)[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-78) In the 2021 film *[Locked Down](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locked_Down_\$2021_film\$ \"Locked Down (2021 film)\")*, directed by [Doug Liman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doug_Liman \"Doug Liman\") and starring [Anne Hathaway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anne_Hathaway \"Anne Hathaway\") and [Chiwetel Ejiofor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chiwetel_Ejiofor \"Chiwetel Ejiofor\"), characters communicate through Zoom conferences.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-79)\n\nFrom July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_Mater_Europaea \"Alma Mater Europaea\") used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first \"round-the-clock and round-the-globe\" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-80)[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-81) Soon after, a format of conferences that \"virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West\",[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-82) became common, some of them running for several days.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-83)[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-84)[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-85)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-86)\n\nOn September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film *[Fast Times at Ridgemont High](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_Times_at_Ridgemont_High \"Fast Times at Ridgemont High\")* was hosted by [Dane Cook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dane_Cook \"Dane Cook\"), with performers including [Brad Pitt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brad_Pitt \"Brad Pitt\"), [Jennifer Aniston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jennifer_Aniston \"Jennifer Aniston\"), [Julia Roberts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julia_Roberts \"Julia Roberts\"), original cast member [Sean Penn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sean_Penn \"Sean Penn\"), [Matthew McConaughey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_McConaughey \"Matthew McConaughey\"), [Shia LaBeouf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shia_LaBeouf \"Shia LaBeouf\"), [Morgan Freeman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morgan_Freeman \"Morgan Freeman\") (who served as the narrator), [Jimmy Kimmel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Kimmel \"Jimmy Kimmel\"), [Ray Liotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ray_Liotta \"Ray Liotta\"), and [John Legend](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Legend \"John Legend\"), to raise money for the charity [CORE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Organized_Relief_Effort \"Community Organized Relief Effort\").[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-87)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-88) The broadcast of the [72nd Primetime Emmy Awards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards \"72nd Primetime Emmy Awards\") on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-89) On an alternate music video for the 2020 single \"[Ice Cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_Cream_\$Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song\$ \"Ice Cream (Blackpink and Selena Gomez song)\")\" by [Blackpink](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blackpink \"Blackpink\") featuring [Selena Gomez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selena_Gomez \"Selena Gomez\"), the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-90) The series *Zoom Where It Happens*, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of *[The Golden Girls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Golden_Girls \"The Golden Girls\")*, reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of *[Friends](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friends \"Friends\")*, hosted by [Gabrielle Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabrielle_Union \"Gabrielle Union\") and featuring [Sterling K. Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sterling_K._Brown \"Sterling K. Brown\") and [Uzo Aduba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uzo_Aduba \"Uzo Aduba\").[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-91)[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-92) Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\"), substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine\").[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-93)\n\nDuring the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-94)\n\nZoom has been criticized for \"security lapses and poor design choices\" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-95)[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Lopez_2020-96) Many of Zoom's issues \"surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings\", which [Citizen Lab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Citizen_Lab \"Citizen Lab\") found to \"also, by design, reduce privacy or security\".[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-citlab-97)[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Donnell_2020-98) In March 2020, [New York State Attorney General](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_State_Attorney_General \"New York State Attorney General\") [Letitia James](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Letitia_James \"Letitia James\") launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nyag-99) The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-100) In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for \"large institutions with full IT support\".[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-101) He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-102) Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-103)[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-104)[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-106) In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-107) In September 2020, Zoom added support for [two-factor authentication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-factor_authentication \"Two-factor authentication\") to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-108)\n\nAs of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include [Google](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google \"Google\"),[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-109) [Siemens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siemens \"Siemens\"),[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-Siemens-110) the [Australian Defence Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Defence_Force \"Australian Defence Force\"), the [German Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs \"German Ministry of Foreign Affairs\"), the [Indian Ministry of Home Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_\$India\$ \"Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\"), [SpaceX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SpaceX \"SpaceX\"), and the [New York City Department of Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Department_of_Education \"New York City Department of Education\").[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-who-111)[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-112) In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-113)\n\nZoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-114)[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-115)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-116)\n\nIn March 2020, a [Motherboard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motherboard_\$website\$ \"Motherboard (website)\") article found that the company's [iOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IOS \"IOS\") app was sending device analytics data to [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\") on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-117) Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the [SDK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_development_kit \"Software development kit\") after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-118)[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-119) In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in [U.S. Federal Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Federal_Court \"U.S. Federal Court\") for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-120) Zoom responded that it \"has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward\".[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-121)\n\nIn April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to [LinkedIn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LinkedIn \"LinkedIn\"), allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-122) Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-123) In May 2020, the [Federal Trade Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Trade_Commission \"Federal Trade Commission\") announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-124) The FTC alleged in a complaint[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-FTC-complaint-125) that since at least 2016, \"Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed [HIPAA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act \"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\") compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised.\"[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-126) On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an [information security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Information_security \"Information security\") program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-FTC-agreement-127)\n\nIn November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof [UDP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/User_Datagram_Protocol \"User Datagram Protocol\") messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-128)[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-129) The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-130) In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a [zero-day](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-day_\$computing\$ \"Zero-day (computing)\") vulnerability allowing any website to force a [macOS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacOS \"MacOS\") user to join a Zoom call, with their [video camera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Video_camera \"Video camera\") activated, without the user's permission.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-131) Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-132) In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windows \"Windows\") users' [credentials](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Credential#Information_technology \"Credential\") could be exposed.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-133)[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-134) Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-135)[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-136) Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-137)\n\nMotherboard reported that there were two Zoom [zero-days](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-day_\$computing\$ \"Zero-day (computing)\") for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for \\$500,000, on April 15, 2020.[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-138) Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the [dark web](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dark_web \"Dark web\").[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\") CSO [Alex Stamos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Stamos \"Alex Stamos\"), former [Google](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google \"Google\") global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the [NCC Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NCC_Group \"NCC Group\"), and [Johns Hopkins University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johns_Hopkins_University \"Johns Hopkins University\") cryptographer [Matthew D. Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matthew_D._Green \"Matthew D. Green\").[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-139)\n\nOn April 20, 2020, the *[New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\")* reported that [Dropbox](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dropbox_\$service\$ \"Dropbox (service)\") engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the *New York Times* noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst1-25) In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wallst2-140) On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-141)[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-142)\n\nOn November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for [Mac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacBook \"MacBook\"), [Windows](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Windows \"Microsoft Windows\"), and [Linux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linux \"Linux\"), as well as Zoom mobile apps.[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-143)\n\nOn August 12, 2022, [Wired magazine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wired_\$magazine\$ \"Wired (magazine)\") reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom [Mac OS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macintosh_operating_systems \"Macintosh operating systems\") desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a [privilege escalation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Privilege_escalation \"Privilege escalation\") attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-144)\n\n\"[Zoombombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoombombing \"Zoombombing\")\" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-145)[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-146)[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-147) In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the [DataSpii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DataSpii \"DataSpii\") leak.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-148)[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-149) This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-150)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-151) NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-techrep-22) The company also created a new \"report a user to Zoom\" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-152)\n\n#### Encryption practices\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Zoom_\$software\$&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Encryption practices\")\\]\n\nZoom encrypts its public data streams, using [TLS 1.2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TLS_1.2 \"TLS 1.2\") with AES-256 ([Advanced Encryption Standard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advanced_Encryption_Standard \"Advanced Encryption Standard\")) to protect [signaling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Signaling_\$telecommunications\$ \"Signaling (telecommunications)\"), and AES-128 to protect [streaming media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Streaming_media \"Streaming media\").[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-153) Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use \"[end-to-end encryption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/End-to-end_encryption \"End-to-end encryption\")\" in its marketing materials,[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-154) but later clarified it meant \"from Zoom end point to Zoom end point\" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which *[The Intercept](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Intercept \"The Intercept\")* described as misleading and \"dishonest\".[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-155) [Alex Stamos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alex_Stamos \"Alex Stamos\"), a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at [Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\"), noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of [Google Hangouts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Hangouts \"Google Hangouts\"), [Microsoft Teams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microsoft_Teams \"Microsoft Teams\"), and [Cisco Webex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cisco_Webex \"Cisco Webex\").[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-cnbc1-156) On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired [Keybase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keybase \"Keybase\"), a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-wiredkeybase-157)[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-158) Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-159)\n\nIn April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in [ECB mode](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_\$ECB\$ \"Block cipher mode of operation\"), which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-160) During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the [China Internet Security Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China_Internet_Security_Law \"China Internet Security Law\").[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-citlab-97)\n\nOn June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to [end-to-end encryption](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/End-to-end_encryption \"End-to-end encryption\") so that they could cooperate with the [FBI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") and law enforcement.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-161) Later, they said that they do not \"proactively monitor meeting content\".[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-162) On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-163)\n\nOn September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher [Nadim Kobeissi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nadim_Kobeissi \"Nadim Kobeissi\") accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-164) Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public [character assassination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Character_assassination \"Character assassination\") attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-165)\n\nZoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in [mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mainland_China \"Mainland China\"), prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-166) The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would \"never be routed through China\" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-167)[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-168)\n\nIn August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\") in breach of the [General Data Protection Regulation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Data_Protection_Regulation \"General Data Protection Regulation\") (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the *[Schrems II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schrems_II \"Schrems II\")* ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_note-169)\n\n- [List of video telecommunication services and product brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_video_telecommunication_services_and_product_brands \"List of video telecommunication services and product brands\")\n- [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\")\n- [Zoom fatigue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_fatigue \"Zoom fatigue\")\n- [Zoom town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_town \"Zoom town\")\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.com\/hc\/en\/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0061222). *Zoom Support*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"Zoom Workplace\"](https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=us.zoom.videomeetings). *Google Play*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Zoom Workplace\"](https:\/\/apps.apple.com\/us\/app\/zoom-workplace\/id546505307). *App Store*. Retrieved March 13, 2026.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/201362023). *support.zoom.us*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211103060441\/https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/201362023) from the original on November 3, 2021. 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[\"U.S. FTC indicates it is looking at Zoom privacy woes\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-zoom-ftc-idUSKBN22N2MJ). *[Reuters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuters \"Reuters\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205029\/https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-zoom-ftc-idUSKBN22N2MJ) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020.\n125. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-FTC-complaint_125-0)**\n     Simons, Joseph J.; Phillips, Noah Joshua; Chopra, Rohit; Slaughter, Rebecca Kelly; Wilson, Christine S. [\"Zoom Communications: Complaint\"](https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/cases\/1923167zoomcomplaint.pdf) (PDF). *ftc.gov*. [Federal Trade Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Trade_Commission \"Federal Trade Commission\"). 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Retrieved December 17, 2020. \"must not misrepresent in any manner, expressly or by implication, the security features... establish and implement, and thereafter maintain, a comprehensive information security program... The Assessments must be obtained by one or more qualified, objective, independent third-party professionals...\"\n128. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-128)**\n     [\"CVE-2018-15715\"](https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715). *[National Vulnerability Database](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Vulnerability_Database \"National Vulnerability Database\")*. November 30, 2018. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709020711\/https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715) from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.\n129. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-129)** [CVE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CVE_\$identifier\$ \"CVE (identifier)\")\\-[2018-15715](https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2018-15715)\n130. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-130)**\n     [\"Security: CVE-2018-15715\"](https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360020436071-Security-CVE-2018-15715). Zoom. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200519013709\/https:\/\/support.zoom.us\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/360020436071-Security-CVE-2018-15715) from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n131. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-131)**\n     Leitschuh, Jonathan (July 9, 2019). [\"Zoom Zero Day: 4+ Million Webcams & maybe an RCE? Just get them to visit your website!\"](https:\/\/medium.com\/@jonathan.leitschuh\/zoom-zero-day-4-million-webcams-maybe-an-rce-just-get-them-to-visit-your-website-ac75c83f4ef5). *[Medium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medium_\$website\$ \"Medium (website)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190709194543\/https:\/\/medium.com\/@jonathan.leitschuh\/zoom-zero-day-4-million-webcams-maybe-an-rce-just-get-them-to-visit-your-website-ac75c83f4ef5) from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2019.\n132. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-132)**\n     Anderson, Tim (July 9, 2019). [\"Anyone for unintended Chat Roulette? Zoom installs hidden Mac web server to allow auto-join video conferencing\"](https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2019\/07\/09\/zooms_hidden_mac_web_server_allows_autojoin_conferencing_exploit\/). *[The Register](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Register \"The Register\")*. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020.\n160. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-160)** [CVE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CVE_\$identifier\$ \"CVE (identifier)\")\\-[2020-11500](https:\/\/nvd.nist.gov\/vuln\/detail\/CVE-2020-11500)\n161. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-161)**\n     Robertson, Adi (June 3, 2020). [\"Zoom says free users won't get end-to-end encryption so FBI and police can access calls\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/3\/21279355\/zoom-end-encryption-calls-fbi-police-free-users). *[The Verge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Verge \"The Verge\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200611131312\/https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/3\/21279355\/zoom-end-encryption-calls-fbi-police-free-users) from the original on June 11, 2020. 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[\"Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all\"](https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/17\/21294355\/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature). *[The Verge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Verge \"The Verge\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205028\/https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2020\/6\/17\/21294355\/zoom-security-end-to-end-encryptoin-beta-release-july-2020-new-feature) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved July 30, 2020.\n164. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-164)**\n     [\"Zoom encryption whitepaper\"](https:\/\/github.com\/zoom\/zoom-e2e-whitepaper). *[GitHub](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GitHub \"GitHub\")*. June 17, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205033\/https:\/\/github.com\/zoom\/zoom-e2e-whitepaper) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.\n165. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-165)**\n     [\"Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis\"](https:\/\/nadim.computer\/posts\/2020-09-07-loathing.html). September 7, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205030\/https:\/\/nadim.computer\/posts\/2020-09-07-loathing.html) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved September 8, 2020.\n166. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-166)**\n     Whittaker, Zack (April 4, 2020). [\"Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake\"](https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/04\/03\/zoom-calls-routed-china). *[TechCrunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TechCrunch \"TechCrunch\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200409185647\/https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2020\/04\/03\/zoom-calls-routed-china\/) from the original on April 9, 2020. Retrieved April 5, 2020.\n167. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-167)**\n     [\"This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kateoflahertyuk\/2020\/04\/14\/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china\/). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205036\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kateoflahertyuk\/2020\/04\/14\/this-new-zoom-control-allows-you-to-stop-chats-being-routed-through-china\/) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n168. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-168)**\n     [\"Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China\"](https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2020\/04\/14\/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade\/). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201116205041\/https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2020\/04\/14\/zoom_geo_routing_upgrade\/) from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020.\n169. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\$software\$#cite_ref-169)**\n     Karabus, Jude. [\"Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg\"](https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/08\/17\/zoom_incompatible_with_gdpr_hamburg_warning\/). *theregister.com*. Retrieved August 18, 2021.\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.zoom.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q94979732#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\") (in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see Zoom Communications . Zoom Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020 Original author Eric Yuan Developer Zoom Communications Initial release October 12, 2011 ; 14 years ago Stable release 6.7.8 / March 11, 2026 ; 7 days ago [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Operating system Android 9.0 and later Windows 10 and later OS X Mavericks and later iOS 15 and later ChromeOS Linux [ 4 ] tvOS [ 5 ] visionOS Platform Windows , macOS , Linux , Android , iOS , ChromeOS , tvOS , visionOS Available in 15 languages [ 6 ] Type Videoconferencing , VoIP , and instant messaging License Freemium Website zoom.com Zoom Workplace (commonly known and stylized as zoom ) is a proprietary videotelephony software program developed by Zoom Communications . The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours. [ 7 ] 2014 logo A beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012. [ 8 ] On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25. [ 9 ] By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users. [ 10 ] After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] During the COVID-19 pandemic , there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for remote work , distance education , [ 15 ] and online social relations. [ 16 ] Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads. [ 17 ] As of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day). [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Zoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Zoom is compatible with Windows , macOS , iOS , Android , ChromeOS , and Linux . It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed. [ 24 ] On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves. [ 25 ] Use of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available. [ 22 ] [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Up to 49 people can be seen on a desktop or laptop screen at once, [ 27 ] up to 4 people per screen in iPhone and Android mobile phones and tablet computers , and up to 16 people per screen on iPad . Zoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees. [ 28 ] As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with AES 256 GCM encryption enabled for all users. [ 29 ] In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] Zoom also offers a transcription service using Otter.ai software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers. [ 32 ] In July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as hardware as a service products. [ 33 ] As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service. [ 34 ] Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020. [ 35 ] Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries. [ 34 ] In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account. [ 36 ] In September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker. [ 37 ] In October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online. [ 40 ] The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including Slack , Salesforce , Dropbox , [ 38 ] [ 40 ] and Qatalog . In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network. [ 41 ] Also in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with Global BT Business [ 42 ] to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network. [ 43 ] In February 2021, Zoom added a "virtual receptionist" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact. [ 44 ] On March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a white-label product , so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name. [ 45 ] In July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as Dropbox Spaces , Asana , and SurveyMonkey . [ 46 ] In August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share. [ 49 ] The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] In September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced bring your own key (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through Okta that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers). [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat. [ 54 ] In October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users. [ 55 ] In April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales. [ 56 ] [ 57 ] In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom. [ 58 ] In June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched. [ 21 ] [ 59 ] Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK. [ 21 ] With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans. [ 59 ] A version for Apple TV was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera. [ 5 ] In July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and Alma Mater Europaea organized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones. Zoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools, [ 60 ] universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies, [ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ 63 ] [ 64 ] and for ceremonies such as birthday parties, [ 65 ] funeral services, [ 66 ] and bar and bat mitzvah services. [ 67 ] [ 68 ] In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with Formula One to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the Hungarian Grand Prix . [ 69 ] [ 70 ] An article published in July 2020 in the San Francisco Chronicle noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include "Zoom rooms" with backdrops for Zoom calls. [ 71 ] Richard Nelson 's play What Do We Need to Talk About? takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the COVID-19 pandemic using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by The Public Theater and premiered on YouTube on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. The New Yorker called it "the first great original play of quarantine". [ 72 ] Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward was a live virtual experience hosted by Oprah Winfrey on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020. [ 73 ] In Source Material's 2020 play, In These Uncertain Times , directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom. [ 74 ] The British found-footage horror film Host , directed by Rob Savage , features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on Shudder in July 2020. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] A live reading of Kristoffer Diaz 's 2009 play The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] In the 2021 film Locked Down , directed by Doug Liman and starring Anne Hathaway and Chiwetel Ejiofor , characters communicate through Zoom conferences. [ 79 ] From July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and Alma Mater Europaea used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first "round-the-clock and round-the-globe" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Soon after, a format of conferences that "virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West", [ 82 ] became common, some of them running for several days. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] [ 85 ] [ 86 ] On September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High was hosted by Dane Cook , with performers including Brad Pitt , Jennifer Aniston , Julia Roberts , original cast member Sean Penn , Matthew McConaughey , Shia LaBeouf , Morgan Freeman (who served as the narrator), Jimmy Kimmel , Ray Liotta , and John Legend , to raise money for the charity CORE . [ 87 ] [ 88 ] The broadcast of the 72nd Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom. [ 89 ] On an alternate music video for the 2020 single " Ice Cream " by Blackpink featuring Selena Gomez , the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes. [ 90 ] The series Zoom Where It Happens , airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of The Golden Girls , reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of Friends , hosted by Gabrielle Union and featuring Sterling K. Brown and Uzo Aduba . [ 91 ] [ 92 ] Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global COVID-19 pandemic , substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . [ 93 ] During the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees. [ 94 ] Zoom has been criticized for "security lapses and poor design choices" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software. [ 95 ] [ 96 ] Many of Zoom's issues "surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings", which Citizen Lab found to "also, by design, reduce privacy or security". [ 97 ] [ 98 ] In March 2020, New York State Attorney General Letitia James launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices. [ 99 ] The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures. [ 100 ] In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for "large institutions with full IT support". [ 101 ] He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges. [ 102 ] Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report. [ 103 ] [ 104 ] [ 105 ] [ 106 ] In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings. [ 107 ] In September 2020, Zoom added support for two-factor authentication to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only. [ 108 ] As of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include Google , [ 109 ] Siemens , [ 110 ] the Australian Defence Force , the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs , the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs , SpaceX , and the New York City Department of Education . [ 111 ] [ 112 ] In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns. [ 113 ] Zoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls. [ 114 ] [ 115 ] [ 116 ] In March 2020, a Motherboard article found that the company's iOS app was sending device analytics data to Facebook on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user. [ 117 ] Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the SDK after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information. [ 25 ] [ 118 ] [ 119 ] In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in U.S. Federal Court for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook. [ 120 ] Zoom responded that it "has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward". [ 121 ] In April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to LinkedIn , allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent. [ 122 ] Soon after, the companies disabled their integration. [ 123 ] In May 2020, the Federal Trade Commission announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices. [ 124 ] The FTC alleged in a complaint [ 125 ] that since at least 2016, "Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed HIPAA compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised." [ 126 ] On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an information security program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures. [ 127 ] In November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof UDP messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered. [ 130 ] In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a zero-day vulnerability allowing any website to force a macOS user to join a Zoom call, with their video camera activated, without the user's permission. [ 131 ] Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation. [ 132 ] In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where Windows users' credentials could be exposed. [ 133 ] [ 134 ] Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public. [ 135 ] [ 136 ] Zoom issued a fix in April 2020. [ 137 ] Motherboard reported that there were two Zoom zero-days for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for $500,000, on April 15, 2020. [ 138 ] Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers. [ 23 ] Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the dark web . [ 23 ] In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former Facebook CSO Alex Stamos , former Google global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the NCC Group , and Johns Hopkins University cryptographer Matthew D. Green . [ 139 ] On April 20, 2020, the New York Times reported that Dropbox engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the New York Times noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks. [ 23 ] [ 25 ] In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform. [ 140 ] On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] On November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for Mac , Windows , and Linux , as well as Zoom mobile apps. [ 143 ] On August 12, 2022, Wired magazine reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom Mac OS desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a privilege escalation attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device. [ 144 ] " Zoombombing " is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption. [ 145 ] [ 146 ] [ 147 ] In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the DataSpii leak. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One. [ 150 ] [ 151 ] NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing. [ 22 ] The company also created a new "report a user to Zoom" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks. [ 152 ] Encryption practices [ edit ] Zoom encrypts its public data streams, using TLS 1.2 with AES-256 ( Advanced Encryption Standard ) to protect signaling , and AES-128 to protect streaming media . [ 153 ] Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use " end-to-end encryption " in its marketing materials, [ 154 ] but later clarified it meant "from Zoom end point to Zoom end point" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which The Intercept described as misleading and "dishonest". [ 155 ] Alex Stamos , a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at Facebook , noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of Google Hangouts , Microsoft Teams , and Cisco Webex . [ 156 ] On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired Keybase , a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward. [ 157 ] [ 158 ] Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software. [ 159 ] In April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in ECB mode , which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext. [ 160 ] During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the China Internet Security Law . [ 97 ] On June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to end-to-end encryption so that they could cooperate with the FBI and law enforcement. [ 161 ] Later, they said that they do not "proactively monitor meeting content". [ 162 ] On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all. [ 163 ] On September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher Nadim Kobeissi accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020. [ 164 ] Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public character assassination attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom. [ 165 ] Zoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in mainland China , prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom. [ 166 ] The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would "never be routed through China" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] In August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the European Union in breach of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the Schrems II ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States. [ 169 ] List of video telecommunication services and product brands Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology Zoom fatigue Zoom town ^ "Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app" . Zoom Support . Retrieved March 13, 2026 . ^ "Zoom Workplace" . Google Play . 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"How Zoom plans to better secure meetings with end-to-end encryption" . Tech Republic . Archived from the original on May 27, 2020 . Retrieved May 26, 2020 . ^ CVE - 2020-11500 ^ Robertson, Adi (June 3, 2020). "Zoom says free users won't get end-to-end encryption so FBI and police can access calls" . The Verge . Archived from the original on June 11, 2020 . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ "Zoom to exclude free calls from end-to-end encryption to allow FBI cooperation" . The Guardian . June 4, 2020. Archived from the original on June 11, 2020 . Retrieved June 5, 2020 . ^ Statt, Nick (June 17, 2020). "Zoom says free users will get end-to-end encryption after all" . The Verge . Archived from the original on November 16, 2020 . Retrieved July 30, 2020 . ^ "Zoom encryption whitepaper" . GitHub . June 17, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020 . Retrieved September 8, 2020 . ^ "Fear and Loathing in Protocol Analysis" . September 7, 2020. Archived from the original on November 16, 2020 . Retrieved September 8, 2020 . ^ Whittaker, Zack (April 4, 2020). "Zoom admits some calls were routed through China by mistake" . TechCrunch . Archived from the original on April 9, 2020 . Retrieved April 5, 2020 . ^ "This New Zoom Control Allows You To Stop Chats Being Routed Through China" . Archived from the original on November 16, 2020 . Retrieved May 13, 2020 . ^ "Zoom adds Choose Your Own Routing Adventure to keep chats out of China" . Archived from the original on November 16, 2020 . Retrieved May 13, 2020 . ^ Karabus, Jude. "Zoom incompatible with GDPR, claims data protection watchdog for the German city of Hamburg" . theregister.com . Retrieved August 18, 2021 . Official website (in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") Personal tools - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Zoom+%28software%29 "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$) - [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#History) - [2 Features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Features) - [3 Usage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Usage) - [4 Reception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Reception) Toggle Reception subsection - [4\.1 Privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Privacy) - [4\.2 Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Security) - [4\.2.1 Vulnerabilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Vulnerabilities) - [4\.2.2 Zoombombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Zoombombing) - [4\.2.3 Encryption practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Encryption_practices) - [4\.3 Data routing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Data_routing) - [4\.4 Regulatory issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#Regulatory_issues) - [5 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#See_also) - [6 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#References) - [7 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Zoom (software) 38 languages - [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom "Zoom – Aragonese") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85_$%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC$ "زووم (برنامج) – Arabic") - [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$proqram$ "Zoom (proqram) – Azerbaijani") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom "Zoom – Belarusian") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BC "Зуум – Bulgarian") - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE_$%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0$ "জুম (সফটওয়্যার) – Bangla") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$programari$ "Zoom (programari) – Catalan") - [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%85_$%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1$ "زووم (نەرمامێر) – Central Kurdish") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "Zoom (software) – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$rakendus$ "Zoom (rakendus) – Estonian") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$sofwarea$ "Zoom (sofwarea) – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85_$%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1$ "زوم (نرم‌افزار) – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$ohjelmisto$ "Zoom (ohjelmisto) – Finnish") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9D_$%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9D$ "זום (יישום) – Hebrew") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$perangkat_lunak$ "Zoom (perangkat lunak) – Indonesian") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "Zoom (software) – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%E3%82%A2%E3%83%97%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3$ "Zoom (アプリケーション) – Japanese") - [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98_$%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B8$ "ហ៊្សូម (កម្មវិធី) – Khmer") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%8C_$%EC%86%8C%ED%94%84%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%A8%EC%96%B4$ "줌 (소프트웨어) – Korean") - [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%82_$%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC$ "സൂം (സോഫ്‌റ്റ്‌വെയർ) – Malayalam") - [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$_%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B2_$ "Zoom ( ဆော့ဖ်ဝဲ ) – Burmese") - [नेपाली](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE_$%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0$ "जूम (सफ्टवेयर) – Nepali") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$oprogramowanie$ "Zoom (oprogramowanie) – Polish") - [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$llamp%27ukaq$ "Zoom (llamp'ukaq) – Quechua") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0$ "Zoom (программа) – Russian") - [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A$%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C$ "සූම්(මෘදුකාංග) – Sinhala") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "Zoom (software) – Simple English") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom "Zoom – Serbian") - [తెలుగు](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_$%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D$ "జూమ్ (సాఫ్ట్‌వేర్) – Telugu") - [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0$ "Zoom (барнома) – Tajik") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1_$%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C$ "ซูม (ซอฟต์แวร์) – Thai") - [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "Zoom (software) – Tagalog") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$yaz%C4%B1l%C4%B1m$ "Zoom (yazılım) – Turkish") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0$ "Zoom (програма) – Ukrainian") - [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$dastur$ "Zoom (dastur) – Uzbek") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$ph%E1%BA%A7n_m%E1%BB%81m$ "Zoom (phần mềm) – Vietnamese") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%E8%BB%9F%E4%BB%B6$ "Zoom (軟件) – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94$ "Zoom (軟體) – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94979732#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$ "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Zoom_$software$ "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - 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[Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FZoom_%28software%29) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Zoom_%28software%29&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q94979732 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Videoconferencing software This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications"). \| Zoom \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![Logo of Zoom](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Zoom_Logo_2022.svg/330px-Zoom_Logo_2022.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Logo_2022.svg) \| \| \| [![A grid showing the camera views of 25 people](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png/330px-Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020 \| \| \| [Original author](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer "Programmer") \| [Eric Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Yuan "Eric Yuan") \| \| [Developer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer "Programmer") \| [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications") \| \| Initial release \| October 12, 2011; 14 years ago (2011-10-12) \| \| [Stable release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle "Software release life cycle") \| 6\.7.8 / March 11, 2026; 7 days ago (2026-03-11)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-3) \| \| [Operating system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system "Operating system") \| [Android 9.0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_9.0 "Android 9.0") and later [Windows 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10 "Windows 10") and later [OS X Mavericks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks "OS X Mavericks") and later [iOS 15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_15 "IOS 15") and later [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS") [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux")[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-4)[tvOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS "TvOS")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) [visionOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisionOS "VisionOS") \| \| [Platform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platform "Computing platform") \| [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows"), [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS"), [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"), [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)"), [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS"), [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS"), [tvOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS "TvOS"), [visionOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisionOS "VisionOS") \| \| Available in \| 15 languages[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-6) \| \| [Type](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches "Software categories") \| [Videoconferencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing "Videoconferencing"), [VoIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP "Voice over IP"), and [instant messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaging "Instant messaging") \| \| [License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license "Software license") \| [Freemium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium "Freemium") \| \| Website \| [zoom.com](https://www.zoom.com/) \| Zoom Workplace (commonly known and stylized as zoom) is a [proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software "Proprietary software") [videotelephony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotelephony "Videotelephony") software program developed by [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications"). The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-7) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\] Further information: [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg/250px-Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg) 2014 logo A beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-8) On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-9) By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-10) After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-12) In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-guard1-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tny-14) During the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for [remote work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_work "Remote work"), [distance education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education "Distance education"),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-15) and online social relations.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-zoomnow-16) Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-17) As of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-19) ## Features \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Features")\] Zoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-busin-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21) Zoom is compatible with [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows"), [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS"), [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS"), [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)"), [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS"), and [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"). It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-24) On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25) Use of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-pricing-26) Up to 49 people can be seen on a [desktop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computer "Desktop computer") or [laptop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop") screen at once,[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-27) up to 4 people per screen in [iPhone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone "IPhone") and [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)") [mobile phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone "Mobile phone") and [tablet computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer "Tablet computer"), and up to 16 people per screen on [iPad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad "IPad"). Zoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-28) As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with [AES 256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_256 "AES 256") [GCM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode "Galois/Counter Mode") encryption enabled for all users.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-29) In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-31) Zoom also offers a transcription service using [Otter.ai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter.ai "Otter.ai") software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-32) In July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as [hardware as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_as_a_service "Hardware as a service") products.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-33) As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-uct1-34) Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-35) Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-uct1-34) In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-36) In September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-37) In October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-digi-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-39) With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-inc-1-40) The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including [Slack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_Technologies "Slack Technologies"), [Salesforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce "Salesforce"), [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_$service$ "Dropbox (service)"),[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-digi-38)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-inc-1-40) and [Qatalog](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qatalog&action=edit&redlink=1 "Qatalog (page does not exist)"). In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-41) Also in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with [Global BT Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Global_Services "BT Global Services")[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-42) to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-43) In February 2021, Zoom added a "virtual receptionist" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-44) On March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a [white-label product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-label_product "White-label product"), so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-45) In July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as [Dropbox Spaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox "Dropbox"), [Asana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asana_$software$ "Asana (software)"), and [SurveyMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SurveyMonkey "SurveyMonkey").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-46) In August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-48) When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-49) The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-50)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-51) In September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced [bring your own key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_your_own_key "Bring your own key") (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through [Okta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okta,_Inc. "Okta, Inc.") that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-53) Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-54) In October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-55) In April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-56)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-57) In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-58) In June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tt1-59) Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21) With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tt1-59) A version for [Apple TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_TV_$device$ "Apple TV (device)") was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) ## Usage \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Usage")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg/330px-Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg) In July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea "Alma Mater Europaea") organized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones. Zoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-60) universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-61)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-62)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-63)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-64) and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-65) funeral services,[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-66) and [bar and bat mitzvah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah "Bar and bat mitzvah") services.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-68) In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with [Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the [Hungarian Grand Prix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Grand_Prix "Hungarian Grand Prix").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-69)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-70) An article published in July 2020 in the [San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle") noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include "Zoom rooms" with backdrops for Zoom calls.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-71) [Richard Nelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nelson_$playwright$ "Richard Nelson (playwright)")'s play What Do We Need to Talk About? takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by [The Public Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Public_Theater "The Public Theater") and premiered on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. [The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker") called it "the first great original play of quarantine".[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-72) Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward was a live virtual experience hosted by [Oprah Winfrey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey "Oprah Winfrey") on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-73) In Source Material's 2020 play, In These Uncertain Times, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-74) The British [found-footage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_footage_$film_technique$ "Found footage (film technique)") horror film [Host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_$film$ "Host (film)"), directed by [Rob Savage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Savage "Rob Savage"), features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on [Shudder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudder_$streaming_service$ "Shudder (streaming service)") in July 2020.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-76) A live reading of [Kristoffer Diaz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Diaz "Kristoffer Diaz")'s 2009 play [The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elaborate_Entrance_of_Chad_Deity "The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity") over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-77)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-78) In the 2021 film [Locked Down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked_Down_$2021_film$ "Locked Down (2021 film)"), directed by [Doug Liman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Liman "Doug Liman") and starring [Anne Hathaway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hathaway "Anne Hathaway") and [Chiwetel Ejiofor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor "Chiwetel Ejiofor"), characters communicate through Zoom conferences.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-79) From July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea "Alma Mater Europaea") used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first "round-the-clock and round-the-globe" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-80)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-81) Soon after, a format of conferences that "virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West",[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-82) became common, some of them running for several days.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-84)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-85)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-86) On September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film [Fast Times at Ridgemont High](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Times_at_Ridgemont_High "Fast Times at Ridgemont High") was hosted by [Dane Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dane_Cook "Dane Cook"), with performers including [Brad Pitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Pitt "Brad Pitt"), [Jennifer Aniston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston "Jennifer Aniston"), [Julia Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Roberts "Julia Roberts"), original cast member [Sean Penn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Penn "Sean Penn"), [Matthew McConaughey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey "Matthew McConaughey"), [Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf "Shia LaBeouf"), [Morgan Freeman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Freeman "Morgan Freeman") (who served as the narrator), [Jimmy Kimmel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel "Jimmy Kimmel"), [Ray Liotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Liotta "Ray Liotta"), and [John Legend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Legend "John Legend"), to raise money for the charity [CORE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Organized_Relief_Effort "Community Organized Relief Effort").[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-87)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-88) The broadcast of the [72nd Primetime Emmy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards "72nd Primetime Emmy Awards") on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-89) On an alternate music video for the 2020 single "[Ice Cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Cream_$Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song$ "Ice Cream (Blackpink and Selena Gomez song)")" by [Blackpink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpink "Blackpink") featuring [Selena Gomez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez "Selena Gomez"), the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-90) The series Zoom Where It Happens, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of [The Golden Girls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Girls "The Golden Girls"), reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of [Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends "Friends"), hosted by [Gabrielle Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Union "Gabrielle Union") and featuring [Sterling K. Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_K._Brown "Sterling K. Brown") and [Uzo Aduba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzo_Aduba "Uzo Aduba").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-91)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-92) Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-93) During the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-94) ## Reception \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Reception")\] Zoom has been criticized for "security lapses and poor design choices" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-95)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Lopez_2020-96) Many of Zoom's issues "surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings", which [Citizen Lab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Lab "Citizen Lab") found to "also, by design, reduce privacy or security".[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-citlab-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Donnell_2020-98) In March 2020, [New York State Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Attorney_General "New York State Attorney General") [Letitia James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letitia_James "Letitia James") launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nyag-99) The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-100) In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for "large institutions with full IT support".[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-101) He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-102) Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-103)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-104)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-106) In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-107) In September 2020, Zoom added support for [two-factor authentication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-factor_authentication "Two-factor authentication") to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-108) As of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-109) [Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens "Siemens"),[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Siemens-110) the [Australian Defence Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force "Australian Defence Force"), the [German Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs "German Ministry of Foreign Affairs"), the [Indian Ministry of Home Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_$India$ "Ministry of Home Affairs (India)"), [SpaceX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX "SpaceX"), and the [New York City Department of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education "New York City Department of Education").[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-who-111)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-112) In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-113) ### Privacy \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Privacy")\] Zoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-114)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-116) In March 2020, a [Motherboard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard_$website$ "Motherboard (website)") article found that the company's [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS") app was sending device analytics data to [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-117) Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the [SDK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_kit "Software development kit") after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-119) In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in [U.S. Federal Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Federal_Court "U.S. Federal Court") for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-120) Zoom responded that it "has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward".[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-121) In April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to [LinkedIn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinkedIn "LinkedIn"), allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-122) Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-123) In May 2020, the [Federal Trade Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission "Federal Trade Commission") announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-124) The FTC alleged in a complaint[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-FTC-complaint-125) that since at least 2016, "Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed [HIPAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised."[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-126) On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an [information security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security "Information security") program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-FTC-agreement-127) ### Security \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Security")\] #### Vulnerabilities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Vulnerabilities")\] In November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol "User Datagram Protocol") messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-129) The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-130) In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a [zero-day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_$computing$ "Zero-day (computing)") vulnerability allowing any website to force a [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS") user to join a Zoom call, with their [video camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_camera "Video camera") activated, without the user's permission.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-131) Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-132) In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows") users' [credentials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential#Information_technology "Credential") could be exposed.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-134) Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-135)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-136) Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-137) Motherboard reported that there were two Zoom [zero-days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_$computing$ "Zero-day (computing)") for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for \$500,000, on April 15, 2020.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-138) Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the [dark web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_web "Dark web").[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") CSO [Alex Stamos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stamos "Alex Stamos"), former [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the [NCC Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCC_Group "NCC Group"), and [Johns Hopkins University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University "Johns Hopkins University") cryptographer [Matthew D. Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_D._Green "Matthew D. Green").[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-139) On April 20, 2020, the [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times") reported that [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_$service$ "Dropbox (service)") engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the New York Times noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25) In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst2-140) On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-141)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-142) On November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for [Mac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBook "MacBook"), [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows "Microsoft Windows"), and [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"), as well as Zoom mobile apps.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-143) On August 12, 2022, [Wired magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_$magazine$ "Wired (magazine)") reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom [Mac OS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems "Macintosh operating systems") desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a [privilege escalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation "Privilege escalation") attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-144) #### Zoombombing \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Zoombombing")\] Further information: [Zoombombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoombombing "Zoombombing") "[Zoombombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoombombing "Zoombombing")" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-145)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-147) In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the [DataSpii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataSpii "DataSpii") leak.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-148)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-149) This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-150)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-151) NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22) The company also created a new "report a user to Zoom" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-152) #### Encryption practices \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Encryption practices")\] Zoom encrypts its public data streams, using [TLS 1.2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_1.2 "TLS 1.2") with AES-256 ([Advanced Encryption Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard "Advanced Encryption Standard")) to protect [signaling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaling_$telecommunications$ "Signaling (telecommunications)"), and AES-128 to protect [streaming media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-153) Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use "[end-to-end encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption "End-to-end encryption")" in its marketing materials,[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-154) but later clarified it meant "from Zoom end point to Zoom end point" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which [The Intercept](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intercept "The Intercept") described as misleading and "dishonest".[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-155) [Alex Stamos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stamos "Alex Stamos"), a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of [Google Hangouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Hangouts "Google Hangouts"), [Microsoft Teams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Teams "Microsoft Teams"), and [Cisco Webex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Webex "Cisco Webex").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cnbc1-156) On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired [Keybase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keybase "Keybase"), a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wiredkeybase-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-158) Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-159) In April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in [ECB mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_$ECB$ "Block cipher mode of operation"), which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-160) During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the [China Internet Security Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Internet_Security_Law "China Internet Security Law").[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-citlab-97) On June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to [end-to-end encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption "End-to-end encryption") so that they could cooperate with the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") and law enforcement.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-161) Later, they said that they do not "proactively monitor meeting content".[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-162) On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-163) On September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher [Nadim Kobeissi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadim_Kobeissi "Nadim Kobeissi") accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-164) Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public [character assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_assassination "Character assassination") attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-165) ### Data routing \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Data routing")\] Zoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in [mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China "Mainland China"), prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-166) The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would "never be routed through China" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-167)[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-168) ### Regulatory issues \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Regulatory issues")\] In August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") in breach of the [General Data Protection Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation") (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the [Schrems II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrems_II "Schrems II") ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-169) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: See also")\] - [List of video telecommunication services and product brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_video_telecommunication_services_and_product_brands "List of video telecommunication services and product brands") - [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") - [Zoom fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_fatigue "Zoom fatigue") - [Zoom town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-1) ["Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app"](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0061222). Zoom Support. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-2) ["Zoom Workplace"](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=us.zoom.videomeetings). Google Play. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-3) ["Zoom Workplace"](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/zoom-workplace/id546505307). App Store. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-4) ["Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux"](https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362023). support.zoom.us. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211103060441/https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362023) from the original on November 3, 2021. 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Retrieved August 18, 2021. ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: External links")\] - [Official website](https://www.zoom.com/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94979732#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") (in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Template:COVID-19 pandemic") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic")[COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 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[July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") \| \| 2021 \| [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") \| \| 2022 \| [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") \| \| 2023 \| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") \| \| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")([national responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")) \| \| \| \| \| \| Northern \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya "COVID-19 pandemic in Libya") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia "COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia") [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic") \| \| Eastern \| [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi "COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea "COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia "COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya "COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar "COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda "COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles "COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia "COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia") [Puntland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland "COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland") [Somaliland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland "COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda "COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda") \| \| Southern \| [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola "COVID-19 pandemic in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana "COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho "COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi "COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique "COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia "COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") [list of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa "List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia "COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe") \| \| Central \| [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad "COVID-19 pandemic in Chad") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon "COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe "COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe") \| \| Western \| [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea") [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana "COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana") timeline 2020 [March–July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$March%E2%80%93July_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)") [August–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$August%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") impact [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast "COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia "COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali "COVID-19 pandemic in Mali") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger "COVID-19 pandemic in Niger") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal "COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone "COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo "COVID-19 pandemic in Togo") \| \| [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| Central/North \| [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") impact [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan") \| \| East \| \| \| \| \| \| [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau "COVID-19 pandemic in Macau") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan") [respirator diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") \| \| \| [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") \| [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China "COVID-19 lockdown in China") [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing "COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics") [Heilongjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang") [Henan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan "COVID-19 pandemic in Henan") [Hubei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei "COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei") [Inner Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia") [Liaoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning "COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning") [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai "COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai") [2022 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak "2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak") [Sichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan") [Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet "COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet") [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang") \| \| [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives "COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal "COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka") \| \| \| [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "COVID-19 pandemic in India") \| \| \| \| \| \| [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India "COVID-19 lockdown in India") [migrant workers' crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") timeline 2020 [January–May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$January%E2%80%93May_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)") [June–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$June%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)") [union government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") [state government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Vaccine Maitri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri "Vaccine Maitri") \| \| \| By location \| [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands") [Andhra Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh") [Arunachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh") [Assam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam "COVID-19 pandemic in Assam") [Bihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar "COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar") [Chandigarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh") [Chhattisgarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu "COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu") [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi "COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi") [Goa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa "COVID-19 pandemic in Goa") [Gujarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat "COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat") [Haryana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana "COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana") [Himachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh") [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir") [Jharkhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand") [Karnataka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka "COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka") [Kerala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [Ladakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh "COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh") [Lakshadweep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep "COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep") [Madhya Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh") [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra "COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra") [Manipur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur "COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur") [Meghalaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya "COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya") [Mizoram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram "COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram") [Nagaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland "COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland") [Odisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha "COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha") [Puducherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry "COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry") [Punjab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India "COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India") [Rajasthan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan "COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan") [Sikkim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim "COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim") [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu") [Telangana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana "COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana") [Tripura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura "COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura") [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh") [Uttarakhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand") [West Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal "COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal") \| \| [Southeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei "COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia "COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia") timeline [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)") [social restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions "Indonesia large-scale social restrictions") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement "Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos "COVID-19 pandemic in Laos") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar "COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)") [circuit breaker response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures "2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste "COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") \| impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Aid and relief efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [movement control order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order "Malaysian movement control order") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [Johor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor "COVID-19 pandemic in Johor") [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur") [Sabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah "COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak "COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak") [Selangor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor "COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor") \| \| [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [community quarantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon "Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Bangsamoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro") [Bicol Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region") [Cagayan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley "COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley") [Calabarzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon") [Caraga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga "COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga") [Central Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon") [Central Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas") [Cordillera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region") [Davao Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region") [Eastern Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas") [Ilocos Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region") [Metro Manila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila "COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila") [Mimaropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa "COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa") [Northern Mindanao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao") [Soccsksargen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen "COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen") [Western Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula "COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula") [Overseas Filipinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| West \| [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain "COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_$country$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)") [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia "COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia") [South Ossetia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran "COVID-19 pandemic in Iran") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq "COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq") [Kurdistan Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel "COVID-19 pandemic in Israel") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan "COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon "COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman "COVID-19 pandemic in Oman") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine "COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar "COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria "COVID-19 pandemic in Syria") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen "COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen") \| \| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") \| \| \| \| \| \| [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") \| \| \| \| \| \| [history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)") [January–June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)") [July–December 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)") [January–June 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$January%E2%80%93June_2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)") [July–December 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$July%E2%80%93December_2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") [Operation Rescript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rescript "Operation Rescript") [contracts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom "Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom") impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") \| \| \| By location \| [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England "COVID-19 pandemic in England") timeline 2020 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London "COVID-19 pandemic in London") [local lockdown regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England "COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England") [first tier regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England "First COVID-19 tier regulations in England") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland "COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in Wales") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies "COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man "COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey "COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey") [Overseas territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia "COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar "COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar") \| \| Eastern \| [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus "COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova "COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova") [Gagauzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia "COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia") [Transnistria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria "COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$January%E2%80%93June_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_$July%E2%80%93December_2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") [government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine") [Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea "COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea") [Sevastopol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol "COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol") \| \| Western Balkans \| [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania "COVID-19 pandemic in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo "COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro "COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") \| \| [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria "COVID-19 pandemic in Austria") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium "COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark "COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia "COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland "COVID-19 pandemic in Finland") [Åland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land "COVID-19 pandemic in Åland") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France "COVID-19 pandemic in France") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy "COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany "COVID-19 pandemic in Germany") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece "COVID-19 pandemic in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary "COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy "COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia "COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania "COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg "COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta "COVID-19 pandemic in Malta") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland "COVID-19 pandemic in Poland") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal "COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias "COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Community of Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid "COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden "COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Gloria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gloria "Operation Gloria") \| \| EFTA countries \| [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland "COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein "COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway "COVID-19 pandemic in Norway") [Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard "COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland") \| \| Microstates \| [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra "COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco "COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino "COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City "COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City") \| \| [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") \| \| \| \| \| \| Atlantic \| [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland "COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon") \| \| Canada \| [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [federal aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [military response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Laser "Operation Laser") [Atlantic Bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble "Atlantic Bubble") [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") [Nunavut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut "COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)") [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa "COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa") [Peel Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel") [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto "COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto") [York Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York") [Provincial government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal "COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal") [boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") \| \| Caribbean \| \| \| \| \| \| Countries \| [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados "COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica "COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada "COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti "COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica "COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") \| \| [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") \| [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat "COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") \| \| \| \| \| [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba "COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao "COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten") \| \| \| Caribbean Netherlands \| [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire "COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba "COVID-19 pandemic in Saba") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius") \| \| French West Indies \| [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") \| \| US insular areas \| [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") \| \| Central America \| [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize "COVID-19 pandemic in Belize") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica "COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador "COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala "COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras "COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua "COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama "COVID-19 pandemic in Panama") \| \| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") \| \| \| [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [state and local governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") \| \| By location \| [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_$U.S._state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") \| \| [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") \| \| \| \| \| \| [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji "COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia "COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati "COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru "COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia "COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue "COVID-19 pandemic in Niue") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau "COVID-19 pandemic in Palau") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea") [Bougainville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville "COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville") [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands") [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga "COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu "COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu") [Wallis and Futuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna "COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna") \| \| \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)") 2021 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$January%E2%80%93June_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$July%E2%80%93December_2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)") [Australian Capital Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory") [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_$Keeling$_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands") [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island") [Northern Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory") [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland "COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland") [South Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia") [Tasmania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania") [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria "COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria") [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia") \| \| [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2020$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2021$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2022$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_$2023$ "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Alert levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand") [Traffic light system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework "COVID-19 Protection Framework") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [managed isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand") \| \| [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia "COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_$state$ "COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador "COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana "COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [Cusco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco "COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname "COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela "COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela") \| \| Others \| [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [Diamond Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [Grand Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") [Charles de Gaulle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle "COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle") [USS Theodore Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") \| \| [Impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| Culture and entertainment \| \| \| \| \| \| [Arts and cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") \| [References in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Corona-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-chan "Corona-chan") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Music industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [U.S. sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") \| \| [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Female education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Homeschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| By country \| [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") [exam grading controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy "2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") \| \| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") \| \| \| By country \| [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports") \| \| By sport \| [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [NBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season "Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") \| \| Society and rights \| \| \| \| \| \| [Social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 "Social stigma associated with COVID-19") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children") [foster care in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Pandemic baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_baking "Pandemic baking") \| \| Labor \| [Healthcare workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Great Resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Resignation "Great Resignation") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "2021 Myanmar coup d'état") \| \| Legal \| [Abortion in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [U.S. immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") \| \| Minority \| [Gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBT community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community") [African communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers") [Disability community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") \| [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") \| \| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Charitable activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID-19 scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_scams "COVID-19 scams") [Travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| By country \| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment "COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [U.K.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") \| \| By industry \| [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport") [Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Cannabis industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [meat industry in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada") [meat industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [ICU capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity") [Long-term care facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Mink farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Public transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") \| \| Supply and trade \| [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Chip supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage "2020–2023 global chip shortage") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis "2021–2023 global energy crisis") [Global supply chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis "2021–2023 global supply chain crisis") [Oil price war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war "2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Global stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge "2021–2022 inflation surge") \| \| Information \| \| \| \| \| \| [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Wikipedia's response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") \| [Governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Plandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plandemic "Plandemic") \| \| [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation "List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 "List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") \| \| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest "2021 Abkhazia unrest") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17A "17A") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia "COVID-19 protests in Australia") [Convoy to Canberra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra "Convoy to Canberra") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests "2020 Azerbaijani protests") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests "2020–2021 Belarusian protests") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests "2022 Brussels protests") [2020 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests "2020 Brazilian protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests "2021 Brazilian protests") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada "COVID-19 protests in Canada") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest "Canada convoy protest") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests "2019–2022 Chilean protests") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China "2022 COVID-19 protests in China") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest "2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest") [healthcare reform protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests "2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests "2021 Colombian protests") [2022 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests "2022 Colombian protests") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests "2021 Cuban protests") [Yellow vests protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests "Yellow vests protests") [labor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests "2021 French labor protests") [French West Indies social unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies "2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_convoy_protest "France convoy protest") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany "COVID-19 protests in Germany") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting "2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Greek_protests "2021 Greek protests") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel "COVID-19 protests in Israel") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu "2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy "Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests "2021 Mongolian protests") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands") [curfew riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots "2021 Dutch curfew riots") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 protests in New Zealand") [Wellington protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests "2021 Paraguayan protests") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests "2020–2022 Serbian protests") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests "2021 Tunisian protests") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") \| \| [International relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") \| [Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") [Vaccine diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy "Vaccine diplomacy") \| \| [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Anthropause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropause "Anthropause") [Doomscrolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomscrolling "Doomscrolling") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Green recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_recovery "Green recovery") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing") [Superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event") [Twindemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindemic "Twindemic") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [Zoom]() [Zoom towns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") \| \| Others \| [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Pregnant women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") \| \| Health issues \| \| \| \| \| \| Medical topics \| [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19 "Transmission of COVID-19") [Symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") [Cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer "COVID-19 and cancer") [Endemic COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19 "Endemic COVID-19") [Skin manifestations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Rehabilitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 "Rehabilitation after COVID-19") [Unproven medical methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") \| \| Testing and epidemiology \| \| \| \| \| \| [Datasets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_datasets "COVID-19 datasets") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Operation Moonshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Moonshot "Operation Moonshot") [Test to Release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_to_Release "Test to Release") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium "UK Rapid Test Consortium") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test "AbC-19 rapid antibody test") [investigations into the origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 "Investigations into the origin of COVID-19") [lab leak theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Rapid antigen test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test "COVID-19 rapid antigen test") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance "COVID-19 surveillance") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") \| \| \| [Apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") \| [Aarogya Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarogya_Setu "Aarogya Setu") [BlueTrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueTrace "BlueTrace") [careFIJI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CareFIJI "CareFIJI") [Coronavirus Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia "Coronavirus Australia") [Corona-Warn-App](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-Warn-App "Corona-Warn-App") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application") [COVID Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Alert "COVID Alert") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIDSafe "COVIDSafe") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland "COVID Tracker Ireland") [Covid Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Watch "Covid Watch") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing "Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing") [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") [Health Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Code "Health Code") [Healthy Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_Together "Healthy Together") [Immuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuni "Immuni") [Koronavilkku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavilkku "Koronavilkku") [LeaveHomeSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe "LeaveHomeSafe") [MySejahtera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySejahtera "MySejahtera") [NHS COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_COVID-19 "NHS COVID-19") [NZ COVID Tracer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer "NZ COVID Tracer") [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") [PathCheck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathCheck "PathCheck") [PeduliLindungi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeduliLindungi "PeduliLindungi") [SafeEntry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafeEntry "SafeEntry") [SafePass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafePass "SafePass") [StaySafe.ph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StaySafe.ph "StaySafe.ph") [SwissCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwissCovid "SwissCovid") [TCN Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN_Protocol "TCN Protocol") [Test, Trace, Protect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect "Test, Trace, Protect") [Thai Chana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chana "Thai Chana") [TousAntiCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TousAntiCovid "TousAntiCovid") [TraceTogether](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceTogether "TraceTogether") [Valtrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtrace "Valtrace") [Zoe Health Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study "Zoe Health Study") \| \| Prevention \| [Air purifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier "Air purifier") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box "Corsi–Rosenthal Box")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Anti-mask sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment "Anti-mask sentiment") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Great Barrington Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration "Great Barrington Declaration") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Safe Hands Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge "Safe Hands Challenge") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Workplace hazard controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 "Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") \| \| [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| \| \| \| \| Topics \| [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Clinical research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [EU Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 "Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| Authorized \| \| \| \| \| \| [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") \| [ZyCoV-D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyCoV-D "ZyCoV-D") \| \| [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") \| [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine") [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [COVIran Barekat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIran_Barekat "COVIran Barekat") [CoviVac (Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoviVac_$Russia_COVID-19_vaccine$ "CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)") [FAKHRAVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAKHRAVAC "FAKHRAVAC") [Minhai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine "Minhai COVID-19 vaccine") [QazCovid-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QazCovid-in "QazCovid-in") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm WIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Turkovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkovac "Turkovac") [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") \| [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [Subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") \| [Abdala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdala_$vaccine$ "Abdala (vaccine)") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19 "COVAX-19") [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona") [IndoVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoVac "IndoVac") [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Noora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noora_$vaccine$ "Noora (vaccine)") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Razi Cov Pars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars "Razi Cov Pars") [Sinopharm CNBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine") [Soberana 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_02 "Soberana 02") [Soberana Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_Plus "Soberana Plus") [ZF2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") (Zifivax) \| \| [Viral vector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine "Viral vector vaccine") \| [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Light "Sputnik Light") \| \| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") \| [CoVLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoVLP "CoVLP") \| \| In trials \| \| \| \| \| \| [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") \| [COVI-VAC (United States)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVI-VAC_$U.S._COVID-19_vaccine$ "COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)") \| \| DNA \| [AG0302-COVID‑19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 "AG0302-COVID‑19") [GX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GX-19 "GX-19") [Inovio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine "Inovio COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| Inactivated \| [KD-414](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KD-414 "KD-414") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") \| \| RNA \| [ARCT-021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-021 "ARCT-021") [ARCT-154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-154 "ARCT-154") [Bangavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangavax "Bangavax") [CureVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine "CureVac COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [HGC019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGC019 "HGC019") [mRNA-1283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA-1283 "MRNA-1283") [PTX-COVID19-B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B "PTX-COVID19-B") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine "Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine") [Walvax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine "Walvax COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| Subunit \| [202-CoV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/202-CoV "202-CoV") [AKS-452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS-452 "AKS-452") [EuCorVac-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuCorVac-19 "EuCorVac-19") [IVX-411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVX-411 "IVX-411") [Nanocovax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocovax "Nanocovax") [ReCOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReCOV "ReCOV") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine") [S-268019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-268019 "S-268019") [SCB-2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCB-2019 "SCB-2019") [SCTV01C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTV01C "SCTV01C") [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione") [UB-612](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB-612 "UB-612") [V-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-01 "V-01") [V451](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V451_vaccine "V451 vaccine") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine "Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine") [West China Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine "West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") \| \| Viral vector \| [AdCLD-CoV19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19 "AdCLD-CoV19") [BriLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife "BriLife") [COH04S1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COH04S1 "COH04S1") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT "DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT") [GRAd-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAd-COV2 "GRAd-COV2") [ImmunityBio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine "ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine") [iNCOVACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCOVACC "INCOVACC") [INNA-051](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INNA-051 "INNA-051") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine "Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") \| [ABNCoV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNCoV2 "ABNCoV2") [LYB001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYB001 "LYB001") [MigVax-101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MigVax-101 "MigVax-101") [VBI-2902](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI-2902 "VBI-2902") \| \| [Deployment by location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in Africa") \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola "COVID-19 vaccination in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana "COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi "COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad "COVID-19 vaccination in Chad") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt "COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana "COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco "COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal "COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe") \| \| Asia \| [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan") [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran "COVID-19 vaccination in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal "COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey "COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam") \| \| Europe \| [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania "COVID-19 vaccination in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia "COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece "COVID-19 vaccination in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary "COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland "COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova "COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway "COVID-19 vaccination in Norway") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal "COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania "COVID-19 vaccination in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain "COVID-19 vaccination in Spain") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden "COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom") \| \| North America \| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec "COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti "COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") \| \| Oceania \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia "COVID-19 vaccination in Australia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji "COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand") \| \| South America \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina "COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia "COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru "COVID-19 vaccination in Peru") \| \| Others \| \| \| [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 "Treatment and management of COVID-19") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Baricitinib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib "Baricitinib") [PANORAMIC trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial "PANORAMIC trial") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial "RECOVERY Trial") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial "Solidarity trial") (WHO) \| \| \| [Monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody "Monoclonal antibody") \| [Bamlanivimab/etesevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab "Bamlanivimab/etesevimab") [Bamlanivimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab "Bamlanivimab") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebtelovimab "Bebtelovimab") [Casirivimab/imdevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab "Casirivimab/imdevimab") [Regdanvimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regdanvimab "Regdanvimab") [Sarilumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab "Sarilumab") [Sotrovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrovimab "Sotrovimab") [Tixagevimab/cilgavimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab "Tixagevimab/cilgavimab") [Tocilizumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab "Tocilizumab") \| \| [Small molecule antivirals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug "Antiviral drug") \| [Broad-spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug "Broad-spectrum antiviral drug") [Ensitrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensitrelvir "Ensitrelvir") [Molnupiravir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir "Molnupiravir") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir "Nirmatrelvir") [ritonavir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir") \| \| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") \| \| \| \| \| \| Specific \| [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") \| \| General \| [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") [Variant of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") \| \| Institutions \| \| \| \| \| \| Hospitals and medical clinics \| \| \| \| \| \| Mainland China \| [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan "Central Hospital of Wuhan") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre "Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre") [Fangcang hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangcang_hospital "Fangcang hospital") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital "Huoshenshan Hospital") [Leishenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital "Leishenshan Hospital") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel "Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital "Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital") \| \| Others \| [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [Garran Surge Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre "Garran Surge Centre") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador "Hospital El Salvador") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village "Kemayoran Athletes Village") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital "Pyongyang General Hospital") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang "Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers "Mega Ligtas COVID Centers") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre "Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital "Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital "Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham "NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London "NHS Nightingale Hospital London") [North East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East "NHS Nightingale Hospital North East") [North West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West "NHS Nightingale Hospital North West") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber "NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan "NHS Louisa Jordan") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital "Dragon's Heart Hospital") (Wales) \| \| Organizations \| \| \| \| \| \| [National Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cabinet_$Australia$ "National Cabinet (Australia)") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceUpFirst "ScienceUpFirst") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology "Wuhan Institute of Virology") (China) [Independent SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_SAGE "Independent SAGE") (United Kingdom) \| \| \| Health institutes \| [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_$Hong_Kong$ "Department of Health (Hong Kong)") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases "National Institute for Communicable Diseases") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control "Taiwan Centers for Disease Control") (Taiwan) \| \| Pandemic institutes \| [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force "COVID-19 Immunity Task Force") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council "COVID-19 Supply Council") (Canada) [PREPARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPARE "PREPARE") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 "National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force "COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_$2020$ "National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre "Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee "Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases "Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center "Central Epidemic Command Center") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board "Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium "COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team "Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre "Joint Biosecurity Centre") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce "Vaccine Taskforce") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team") (United States) [GACH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GACH "GACH") (Uruguay) \| \| Relief funds \| [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") (India) [Artist Relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_Relief "Artist Relief") (United States) \| \| People \| \| \| \| \| \| Medical professionals \| [Ai Fen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Fen "Ai Fen") [Corona Rintawan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Rintawan "Corona Rintawan") [Li Wenliang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang "Li Wenliang") [Liu Wen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Wen_$doctor$ "Liu Wen (doctor)") [Xie Linka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Linka "Xie Linka") [Zhang Wenhong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong "Zhang Wenhong") \| \| [Researchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers "Category:Coronavirus researchers") \| [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud "Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud") [Roberto Burioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Burioni "Roberto Burioni") [Chen Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Wei_$medical_scientist$ "Chen Wei (medical scientist)") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Andrea Crisanti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_$scientist$ "Andrea Crisanti (scientist)") [Peter Daszak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak "Peter Daszak") [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") [Neil Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_$epidemiologist$ "Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)") [Dale Fisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Fisher "Dale Fisher") [George F. Gao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Gao "George F. Gao") [Azra Ghani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra_Ghani "Azra Ghani") [Sarah Gilbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert "Sarah Gilbert") [Guan Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Yi "Guan Yi") [Kentaro Iwata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata "Kentaro Iwata") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Matt Keeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Keeling "Matt Keeling") [Trudie Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Lang "Trudie Lang") [Li Lanjuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Lanjuan "Li Lanjuan") [W. Ian Lipkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin "W. Ian Lipkin") [Ma Xiaowei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei "Ma Xiaowei") [Shabir Madhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabir_Madhi "Shabir Madhi") [Allison McGeer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_McGeer "Allison McGeer") [Camilla Rothe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Rothe "Camilla Rothe") [Shi Zhengli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli "Shi Zhengli") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Mike Tildesley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tildesley "Mike Tildesley") [John Todd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Todd_$British_biologist$ "John Todd (British biologist)") [Wang Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chen_$physician$ "Wang Chen (physician)") [Wang Guangfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Guangfa "Wang Guangfa") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung "Yuen Kwok-yung") [Zeng Guang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_Guang "Zeng Guang") [Zhang Jixian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Jixian "Zhang Jixian") [Zhang Yongzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen "Zhang Yongzhen") [Zhong Nanshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan "Zhong Nanshan") \| \| Officials \| \| \| \| \| \| WHO \| [Tedros Adhanom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus "Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Aylward "Bruce Aylward") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove "Maria Van Kerkhove") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_$doctor$ "Michael J. Ryan (doctor)") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) \| \| By location \| [Frank Atherton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton "Frank Atherton") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield "Ashley Bloomfield") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood "Catherine Calderwood") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen "Chang Shan-chwen") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung "Chen Shih-chung") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching "Chuang Yin-ching") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Costache "Victor Costache") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio "Fabrizio Curcio") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Deseda "Carmen Deseda") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel "Jaap van Dissel") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III "Francisco Duque III") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo "Francesco Paolo Figliuolo") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas "Graça Freitas") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo "Henrique Gouveia e Melo") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Hancock "Matt Hancock") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Hasan "Hamad Hasan") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Hunt "Greg Hunt") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Holohan "Tony Holohan") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong "Jeong Eun-kyeong") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca "Fahrettin Koca") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Keqiang "Li Keqiang") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez "Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_$doctor$ "Michael McBride (doctor)") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 "Oriol Mitjà") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize "Zweli Mkhize") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_Monardo "Doni Monardo") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller "Alma Möller") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Namaki "Saeed Namaki") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco "Ala Nemerenco") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long "Nguyễn Thanh Long") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah "Noor Hisham Abdullah") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pilli "Ali Pilli") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Salinas "Daniel Salinas") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon "Jérôme Salomon") (France) [Fernando Simón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n "Fernando Simón") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith "Gregor Smith") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Ih-jen "Su Ih-jen") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski "Łukasz Szumowski") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Tam "Theresa Tam") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Tegnell "Anders Tegnell") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason "Þórólfur Guðnason") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras "Sotiris Tsiodras") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_$Delhi_politician$ "Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson "Víðir Reynisson") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti "Carla Vizzotti") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu "Vlad Voiculescu") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty "Chris Whitty") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") (United States) \| \| Others \| [Chen Qiushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Qiushi "Chen Qiushi") [Brett Crozier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Crozier "Brett Crozier") [Fang Bin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Bin "Fang Bin") [Fang Fang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Fang "Fang Fang") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond "Joseph Ashitey Hammond") [Li Zehua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zehua "Li Zehua") [Captain Tom Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore "Captain Tom Moore") [Qiu Menghuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang "Qiu Menghuang") [Ren Zhiqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang "Ren Zhiqiang") \| \| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") \| \| \| Data (templates) \| \| \| \| \| \| Global \| WHO situation reports [cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| Asia \| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart") [by division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary") China [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart") [confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_$dots$ "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Timor-Leste_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Timor-Leste medical cases chart") Egypt [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart") [Kuwait cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart") 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Readable Markdown	This article is about the software. For the company that develops it, see [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications"). \| Zoom \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![Logo of Zoom](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Zoom_Logo_2022.svg/330px-Zoom_Logo_2022.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Logo_2022.svg) \| \| \| [![A grid showing the camera views of 25 people](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png/330px-Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_participants_Bubrikh_readings_2020_conference.png)Participants in a shared Zoom call in 2020 \| \| \| [Original author](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer "Programmer") \| [Eric Yuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Yuan "Eric Yuan") \| \| [Developer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer "Programmer") \| [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications") \| \| Initial release \| October 12, 2011; 14 years ago \| \| [Stable release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle "Software release life cycle") \| 6\.7.8 / March 11, 2026; 7 days ago[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-3) \| \| [Operating system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system "Operating system") \| [Android 9.0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_9.0 "Android 9.0") and later [Windows 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10 "Windows 10") and later [OS X Mavericks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks "OS X Mavericks") and later [iOS 15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_15 "IOS 15") and later [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS") [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux")[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-4)[tvOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS "TvOS")[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) [visionOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisionOS "VisionOS") \| \| [Platform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computing_platform "Computing platform") \| [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows"), [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS"), [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"), [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)"), [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS"), [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS"), [tvOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TvOS "TvOS"), [visionOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VisionOS "VisionOS") \| \| Available in \| 15 languages[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-6) \| \| [Type](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches "Software categories") \| [Videoconferencing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing "Videoconferencing"), [VoIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP "Voice over IP"), and [instant messaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_messaging "Instant messaging") \| \| [License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license "Software license") \| [Freemium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemium "Freemium") \| \| Website \| [zoom.com](https://www.zoom.com/) \| Zoom Workplace (commonly known and stylized as zoom) is a [proprietary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software "Proprietary software") [videotelephony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotelephony "Videotelephony") software program developed by [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications"). The free plan allows up to 100 concurrent participants, with a 40-minute time restriction. Users have the option to upgrade by subscribing to a paid plan, the highest of which supports up to 1,000 concurrent participants for meetings lasting up to 30 hours.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-7) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg/250px-Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Communications_Logo.svg) 2014 logo A beta version of Zoom that could host conferences with only up to 15 video participants was launched on August 21, 2012.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-8) On January 25, 2013, version 1.0 of the program was released with an increase in the number of participants per conference to 25.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-9) By the end of its first month, Zoom had 400,000 users. By 2013, Zoom had more than one million users.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-10) After the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, by February 2020, Zoom had gained 2.22 million users in 2020 – more users than it amassed in the entirety of 2019.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-12) In March 2020, the Zoom app was downloaded 2.13 million times.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-guard1-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tny-14) During the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), there was a major increase in the use of Zoom for [remote work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_work "Remote work"), [distance education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_education "Distance education"),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-15) and online social relations.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-zoomnow-16) Zoom was one of the most downloaded mobile apps worldwide in 2020 with over 500 million downloads.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-17) As of April 2020, Zoom had more than 300 million daily meeting participants (calculated as the number of times someone joins a meeting, which can happen multiple times per day).[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-19) Zoom One has six tiers: Basic, Pro, Business, Business Plus, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-busin-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21) Zoom is compatible with [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows"), [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS"), [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS"), [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)"), [ChromeOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChromeOS "ChromeOS"), and [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"). It is noted for its simple interface and usability, regardless of technological expertise.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Features include one-on-one meetings, group video conferences, screen sharing, plugins, browser extensions, and the ability to record meetings and have them automatically transcribed.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-24) On some computers and operating systems, users are able to select a virtual background, which can be downloaded from different sites, to use as a backdrop behind themselves.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25) Use of the platform is free for video conferences of up to 100 participants at once, with a 40-minute time limit. There is a 10-minute timeout period between free 40-minute meetings. For longer or larger conferences with more features, paid subscriptions are available. Features geared towards business conferences, such as Zoom Rooms, are also available.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-pricing-26) Up to 49 people can be seen on a [desktop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computer "Desktop computer") or [laptop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop") screen at once,[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-27) up to 4 people per screen in [iPhone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone "IPhone") and [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_$operating_system$ "Android (operating system)") [mobile phones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone "Mobile phone") and [tablet computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer "Tablet computer"), and up to 16 people per screen on [iPad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad "IPad"). Zoom security features include password-protected meetings, user authentication, waiting rooms, locked meetings, disabling participant screen sharing, randomly generated IDs, and the ability for the host to remove disruptive attendees.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-28) As of June 2020, Zoom began offering end-to-end encryption to business and enterprise users, with [AES 256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_256 "AES 256") [GCM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois/Counter_Mode "Galois/Counter Mode") encryption enabled for all users.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-29) In October 2020, Zoom added end-to-end encryption for free and paid users. It is available on all platforms, except for the official Zoom web client.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-31) Zoom also offers a transcription service using [Otter.ai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otter.ai "Otter.ai") software that allows businesses to store transcriptions of the Zoom meetings online and search them, including separating and labeling different speakers.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-32) In July 2020, Zoom Rooms and Zoom Phone became available as [hardware as a service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_as_a_service "Hardware as a service") products.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-33) As of July 2022, Zoom Phone is available for domestic telephone service in 47 countries, and the company has sold 3 million seats for the service.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-uct1-34) Zoom for Home, a category of products designed for home use, became available in August 2020.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-35) Zoom Phone Provider Exchange, which gives customers options for voice services, reaches more than 70 countries.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-uct1-34) In July 2022, an option was added on Zoom Phone to turn on end-to-end encryption during one-on-one calls between users on the same company account.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-36) In September 2020, Zoom added new accessibility features to make the app easier to use for those who are deaf, hard of hearing, or visually impaired. New features include the ability to move around video windows in gallery view, pin video windows to be spotlighted; improved keyboard shortcuts; new tools to adjust the size of closed captioning text; and sign language interpreters' windows can now sit directly next to the speaker.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-37) In October 2020 at Zoomtopia, Zoom's annual user conference, the company unveiled OnZoom, a virtual event marketplace with an integrated payment system where users can host and promote free or paid live events.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-digi-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-39) With OnZoom, users will be able to schedule and host one-time events or event series for up to 1,000 attendees and sell tickets online.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-inc-1-40) The company also announced Zoom Apps, a feature integrating third-party apps so they can be used within the Zoom interface during meetings. The first such apps were expected to be available around the end of 2020, from companies including [Slack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slack_Technologies "Slack Technologies"), [Salesforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce "Salesforce"), [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_$service$ "Dropbox (service)"),[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-digi-38)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-inc-1-40) and [Qatalog](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qatalog&action=edit&redlink=1 "Qatalog (page does not exist)"). In October 2020, Zoom gave its users better security with an upgrade to end-to-end encryption for its online meetings network.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-41) Also in October 2020, Zoom signed a carrier agreement with [Global BT Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Global_Services "BT Global Services")[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-42) to offer a fully managed Zoom Meetings service featuring a choice of connectivity and integration with its global voice network.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-43) In February 2021, Zoom added a "virtual receptionist" feature in the Kiosk Mode for Zoom Rooms. The feature was created to cater to in-person visitors at a business to interact in the lobby without physical contact.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-44) On March 22, 2021, Zoom announced that it would start selling its videoconferencing technology as a [white-label product](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-label_product "White-label product"), so other companies can embed it in their own products, with the calls running over Zoom but not carrying the company's brand name.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-45) In July 2021, Zoom released Zoom Apps which integrated a marketplace of third-party applications such as [Dropbox Spaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox "Dropbox"), [Asana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asana_$software$ "Asana (software)"), and [SurveyMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SurveyMonkey "SurveyMonkey").[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-46) In August 2021, Zoom launched Focus Mode, designed for use in educational settings.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-48) When active, the mode will hide participants' screens from each other (though they can see each other's names) while the host retains the ability to see everyone's camera stream or screen share.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-49) The feature is available across all Zoom accounts, including free ones.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-50)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-51) In September 2021 at Zoomtopia, the company announced that end-to-end encryption would now be available as an upgrade for Zoom Phone users. The company also announced [bring your own key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_your_own_key "Bring your own key") (BYOK) (for users to manage their own encryption keys that Zoom cannot access or see), Verified Identity (a multi-factor authentication feature working through [Okta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okta,_Inc. "Okta, Inc.") that allows users to confirm the identity of meeting participants), and Video Engagement Center (for businesses to digitally interact with customers).[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-53) Other updates include revamped virtual whiteboard features, including touchscreen whiteboards that can be digitized for remote participants, and improved collaboration between Zoom Meetings and Zoom Chat.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-54) In October 2021, the option to automatically generate closed captions in English for Zoom meetings was expanded to all accounts, including free ones. The feature had previously only been available for Premium users.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-55) In April 2022, Zoom added features including gesture recognition, a virtual whiteboard, and Zoom IQ for sales.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-56)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-57) In February 2022, the company launched Zoom Contact Center, a cloud contact center optimized for video calls and integrated directly into Zoom.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-58) In June 2022, Zoom One, which brings together chat, phone, whiteboard, and video conferencing capabilities into a single offering, was launched.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tt1-59) Also in June 2022, Zoom opened its Zoom Apps developer program to all developers, via Zoom Apps SDK.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cw-21) With the release of Zoom One, the company offers video conferencing translation and captioning for 11 languages: English, simplified Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. This feature is available with the Business Plus and Enterprise Plus plans.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tt1-59) A version for [Apple TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_TV_$device$ "Apple TV (device)") was released on December 1, 2023, which requires using an external iOS device as the user's camera.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-tvosverge-5) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg/330px-Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zoom_Alma_Mater_Europaea.jpg) In July 2020, using Zoom, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea "Alma Mater Europaea") organized the first round-the-clock and round-the-globe event that traveled through time zones. Zoom is used by a variety of individuals and private and public organizations, including banks, schools,[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-60) universities, healthcare providers, and government agencies,[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-61)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-62)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-63)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-64) and for ceremonies such as birthday parties,[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-65) funeral services,[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-66) and [bar and bat mitzvah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah "Bar and bat mitzvah") services.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-68) In 2020, Zoom formed a partnership with [Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One "Formula One") to create a virtual club where fans can go behind the scenes and take part in virtual activities through Zoom, beginning with the [Hungarian Grand Prix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Grand_Prix "Hungarian Grand Prix").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-69)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-70) An article published in July 2020 in the [San Francisco Chronicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle "San Francisco Chronicle") noted a new real estate trend in San Francisco and Oakland where some listings include "Zoom rooms" with backdrops for Zoom calls.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-71) [Richard Nelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nelson_$playwright$ "Richard Nelson (playwright)")'s play What Do We Need to Talk About? takes place on Zoom, with its main characters congregating online during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") using the platform. Written and directed by Nelson, it was commissioned by [The Public Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Public_Theater "The Public Theater") and premiered on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") on April 29, 2020, as a benefit performance. [The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker") called it "the first great original play of quarantine".[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-72) Oprah's Your Life in Focus: A Vision Forward was a live virtual experience hosted by [Oprah Winfrey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey "Oprah Winfrey") on Zoom from May 16 through June 6, 2020.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-73) In Source Material's 2020 play, In These Uncertain Times, directed by Samantha Shay, characters communicate on Zoom.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-74) The British [found-footage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Found_footage_$film_technique$ "Found footage (film technique)") horror film [Host](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_$film$ "Host (film)"), directed by [Rob Savage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Savage "Rob Savage"), features a group of young people attempting to contact spirits through a remote séance on Zoom, and premiered on [Shudder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudder_$streaming_service$ "Shudder (streaming service)") in July 2020.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-76) A live reading of [Kristoffer Diaz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoffer_Diaz "Kristoffer Diaz")'s 2009 play [The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elaborate_Entrance_of_Chad_Deity "The Elaborate Entrance of Chad Deity") over Zoom streamed on Play-PerView from August 15 to August 20, 2020.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-77)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-78) In the 2021 film [Locked Down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locked_Down_$2021_film$ "Locked Down (2021 film)"), directed by [Doug Liman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Liman "Doug Liman") and starring [Anne Hathaway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Hathaway "Anne Hathaway") and [Chiwetel Ejiofor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiwetel_Ejiofor "Chiwetel Ejiofor"), characters communicate through Zoom conferences.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-79) From July 3 to 4, 2020, the International Association of Constitutional Law and [Alma Mater Europaea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_Mater_Europaea "Alma Mater Europaea") used Zoom Webinar to conduct the first "round-the-clock and round-the-globe" event, featuring 52 speakers from 28 countries and several time zones.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-80)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-81) Soon after, a format of conferences that "virtually travel the globe with the sun from East to West",[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-82) became common, some of them running for several days.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-84)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-85)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-86) On September 17, 2020, a live table read of the script for the 1982 film [Fast Times at Ridgemont High](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Times_at_Ridgemont_High "Fast Times at Ridgemont High") was hosted by [Dane Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dane_Cook "Dane Cook"), with performers including [Brad Pitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Pitt "Brad Pitt"), [Jennifer Aniston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston "Jennifer Aniston"), [Julia Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Roberts "Julia Roberts"), original cast member [Sean Penn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Penn "Sean Penn"), [Matthew McConaughey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey "Matthew McConaughey"), [Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf "Shia LaBeouf"), [Morgan Freeman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Freeman "Morgan Freeman") (who served as the narrator), [Jimmy Kimmel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel "Jimmy Kimmel"), [Ray Liotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Liotta "Ray Liotta"), and [John Legend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Legend "John Legend"), to raise money for the charity [CORE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Organized_Relief_Effort "Community Organized Relief Effort").[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-87)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-88) The broadcast of the [72nd Primetime Emmy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Primetime_Emmy_Awards "72nd Primetime Emmy Awards") on September 20, 2020, hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, featured nominees participating through Zoom.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-89) On an alternate music video for the 2020 single "[Ice Cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Cream_$Blackpink_and_Selena_Gomez_song$ "Ice Cream (Blackpink and Selena Gomez song)")" by [Blackpink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpink "Blackpink") featuring [Selena Gomez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez "Selena Gomez"), the artists appeared via Zoom from their homes.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-90) The series Zoom Where It Happens, airing on Zoom as a partnership between Zoom and Black female artists, launched in September 2020 with a virtual table read of an episode of [The Golden Girls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Golden_Girls "The Golden Girls"), reimagined with an all-Black cast. The second episode featured an all-Black cast in a table read of an episode of [Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends "Friends"), hosted by [Gabrielle Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Union "Gabrielle Union") and featuring [Sterling K. Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_K._Brown "Sterling K. Brown") and [Uzo Aduba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzo_Aduba "Uzo Aduba").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-91)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-92) Familiarity with Zoom meetings in nation-state diplomatic and bureaucratic circles, partially due to the global [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), substantially contributed to the efficacy of the Western response to the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-93) During the 2024 US Presidential elections, the Democrats used Zoom to host mega-rallies to raise funds for Kamala Harris’ campaign. Zoom rallies attracted large numbers of viewers and raised millions of dollars. In one instance, a Zoom rally was disrupted when attendees exceeded the 100,000 cap for the Zoom corporate account and Zoom employees raised the group’s cap to 200,000 so the call could continue with such a large number of attendees.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-94) Zoom has been criticized for "security lapses and poor design choices" that have resulted in heightened scrutiny of its software.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-95)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Lopez_2020-96) Many of Zoom's issues "surround deliberate features designed to reduce friction in meetings", which [Citizen Lab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Lab "Citizen Lab") found to "also, by design, reduce privacy or security".[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-citlab-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Donnell_2020-98) In March 2020, [New York State Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_State_Attorney_General "New York State Attorney General") [Letitia James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letitia_James "Letitia James") launched an inquiry into Zoom's privacy and security practices.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nyag-99) The inquiry was closed on May 7, 2020, with Zoom not admitting wrongdoing, but agreeing to take added security measures.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-100) In April 2020, CEO Yuan apologized for the security issues, stating that some of the issues were a result of Zoom's having been designed for "large institutions with full IT support".[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-101) He noted that in December 2019, Zoom had a maximum of 10 million daily meeting participants, and in March 2020 the software had more than 200 million daily meeting participants, bringing the company increased challenges.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-102) Zoom agreed to focus on data privacy and issue a transparency report.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-103)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-104)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-106) In April 2020, the company released Zoom version 5.0, which addressed a number of the security and privacy concerns. It includes passwords by default, improved encryption, and a new security icon for meetings.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-107) In September 2020, Zoom added support for [two-factor authentication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-factor_authentication "Two-factor authentication") to its desktop and mobile apps; the security feature was previously Web-only.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-108) As of April 2020, businesses, schools, and government entities who have restricted or prohibited the use of Zoom on their networks include [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-109) [Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens "Siemens"),[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-Siemens-110) the [Australian Defence Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force "Australian Defence Force"), the [German Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs "German Ministry of Foreign Affairs"), the [Indian Ministry of Home Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_$India$ "Ministry of Home Affairs (India)"), [SpaceX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpaceX "SpaceX"), and the [New York City Department of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Education "New York City Department of Education").[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-who-111)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-112) In May 2020, the New York City Department of Education lifted their ban on Zoom after the company addressed security and privacy concerns.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-113) Zoom has been criticized for its privacy and corporate data sharing policies, as well as for enabling video hosts to potentially violate the privacy of those participating in their calls.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-114)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-115)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-116) In March 2020, a [Motherboard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard_$website$ "Motherboard (website)") article found that the company's [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS") app was sending device analytics data to [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") on startup, regardless of whether a Facebook account was being used with the service, and without disclosing it to the user.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-117) Zoom responded that it had been made aware of the issue and patched the app to remove the [SDK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_kit "Software development kit") after learning that it was collecting unnecessary device data. The company stated that the SDK was only collecting information on the user's device specifications (such as model names and operating system versions) in order to optimize its service and that it was not collecting personal information.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-119) In the same month, Zoom was sued by a user in [U.S. Federal Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Federal_Court "U.S. Federal Court") for illegally and secretly disclosing personal data to third parties, including Facebook.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-120) Zoom responded that it "has never sold user data in the past and has no intention of selling users' data going forward".[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-121) In April 2020, a Zoom information gathering feature was found that automatically sent user names and email addresses to [LinkedIn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinkedIn "LinkedIn"), allowing some participants to surreptitiously access LinkedIn profile data about other users without their express consent.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-122) Soon after, the companies disabled their integration.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-123) In May 2020, the [Federal Trade Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission "Federal Trade Commission") announced that it was looking into Zoom's privacy practices.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-124) The FTC alleged in a complaint[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-FTC-complaint-125) that since at least 2016, "Zoom maintained the cryptographic keys that could allow Zoom to access the content of its customers' meetings, did not provide advertised end-to-end encryption, falsely claimed [HIPAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") compliance, installed the ZoomOpener webserver without adequate consent, did not uninstall the web server after uninstalling the Zoom App, and secured its Zoom Meetings with a lower level of encryption than promised."[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-126) On November 9, 2020, a settlement was reached, requiring the company to stop misrepresenting security features, create an [information security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security "Information security") program, obtain biannual assessments by a third party, and implement additional security measures.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-FTC-agreement-127) In November 2018, a security vulnerability was discovered that allowed a remote unauthenticated attacker to spoof [UDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol "User Datagram Protocol") messages that allowed the attacker to remove attendees from meetings, spoof messages from users, or hijack shared screens.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-128)[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-129) The company released fixes shortly after the vulnerability was discovered.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-130) In July 2019, security researcher Jonathan Leitschuh disclosed a [zero-day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_$computing$ "Zero-day (computing)") vulnerability allowing any website to force a [macOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacOS "MacOS") user to join a Zoom call, with their [video camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_camera "Video camera") activated, without the user's permission.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-131) Attempts to uninstall the Zoom client on macOS would prompt the software to re-install automatically in the background using a hidden web server that was set up on the machine during the first installation so that it remains active even after attempting to remove the client. After receiving public criticism, Zoom removed the vulnerability and the hidden webserver to allow complete uninstallation.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-132) In April 2020, security researchers found vulnerabilities where [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows "Windows") users' [credentials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential#Information_technology "Credential") could be exposed.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-134) Another vulnerability allowing unprompted access to cameras and microphones was made public.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-135)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-136) Zoom issued a fix in April 2020.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-137) Motherboard reported that there were two Zoom [zero-days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-day_$computing$ "Zero-day (computing)") for macOS and Windows respectively, selling for \$500,000, on April 15, 2020.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-138) Security bug brokers were selling access to Zoom security flaws that could allow remote access into users' computers.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) Hackers also put up over 500,000 Zoom user names and passwords for sale on the [dark web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_web "Dark web").[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23) In response to the multitude of security and privacy issues found, Zoom began a comprehensive security plan, which included consulting with Luta Security, Trail of Bits, former [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") CSO [Alex Stamos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stamos "Alex Stamos"), former [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") global lead of privacy technology Lea Kissner, BishopFox, the [NCC Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCC_Group "NCC Group"), and [Johns Hopkins University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University "Johns Hopkins University") cryptographer [Matthew D. Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_D._Green "Matthew D. Green").[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-139) On April 20, 2020, the [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times") reported that [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_$service$ "Dropbox (service)") engineers had traced Zoom's security vulnerabilities back over two years, pushing Zoom to address such issues more quickly, and paying top hackers to find problems with Zoom's software. In the same article, the New York Times noted that security researchers have praised Zoom for improving its response times, and for quickly patching recent bugs and removing features that could have privacy risks.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-nytdropbox-23)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst1-25) In a blog post on April 1, 2020, CEO Yuan announced a 90-day freeze on releasing new features, to focus on fixing privacy and security issues within the platform.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wallst2-140) On July 1, 2020, at the end of the freeze, the company stated it had released 100 new safety features over the 90-day period. Those efforts include end-to-end encryption for all users, turning on meeting passwords by default, giving users the ability to choose which data centers calls are routed from, consulting with security experts, forming a CISO council, an improved bug bounty program, and working with third parties to help test security. Yuan also stated that Zoom would be sharing a transparency report later in 2020.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-141)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-142) On November 16, 2020, Zoom announced a new security feature to combat disruptions during a session. The new feature was said to be a default for all free and paid users and made available on the Zoom clients for [Mac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBook "MacBook"), [Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows "Microsoft Windows"), and [Linux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux "Linux"), as well as Zoom mobile apps.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-143) On August 12, 2022, [Wired magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_$magazine$ "Wired (magazine)") reported on three separate security vulnerabilities discovered by security researcher Patrick Wardle affecting the Zoom [Mac OS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_operating_systems "Macintosh operating systems") desktop app. The vulnerabilities allowed an attacker who already had access to the Mac device to perform a [privilege escalation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_escalation "Privilege escalation") attack by installing malicious code using the app's auto-update feature, thereby giving them full control over the victim's device.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-144) "[Zoombombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoombombing "Zoombombing")" is a phenomenon where uninvited participants join a meeting to cause disruption.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-145)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-147) In July 2019, security researcher Sam Jadali uncovered the [DataSpii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataSpii "DataSpii") leak.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-148)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-149) This catastrophic leak was facilitated by a marketing intelligence company known as Nacho Analytics (NA), which provided its members access to the URLs of real-time Zoom meetings of firms such as Oracle, Dell, Walmart, Uber, UCLA and Capital One.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-150)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-151) NA's dissemination of meeting URLs enabled its members to Zoombomb these meetings. In April 2020, Zoom increased its default security settings to mitigate Zoombombing.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-techrep-22) The company also created a new "report a user to Zoom" button, intended to catch those behind Zoombombing attacks.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-152) #### Encryption practices \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoom_$software$&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Encryption practices")\] Zoom encrypts its public data streams, using [TLS 1.2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_1.2 "TLS 1.2") with AES-256 ([Advanced Encryption Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard "Advanced Encryption Standard")) to protect [signaling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signaling_$telecommunications$ "Signaling (telecommunications)"), and AES-128 to protect [streaming media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-153) Security researchers and reporters have criticized the company for its lack of transparency and poor encryption practices. Zoom initially claimed to use "[end-to-end encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption "End-to-end encryption")" in its marketing materials,[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-154) but later clarified it meant "from Zoom end point to Zoom end point" (meaning effectively between Zoom servers and Zoom clients), which [The Intercept](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Intercept "The Intercept") described as misleading and "dishonest".[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-155) [Alex Stamos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stamos "Alex Stamos"), a Zoom advisor who was formerly security chief at [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), noted that a lack of end-to-end encryption is common in such products, as it is also true of [Google Hangouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Hangouts "Google Hangouts"), [Microsoft Teams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Teams "Microsoft Teams"), and [Cisco Webex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Webex "Cisco Webex").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-cnbc1-156) On May 7, 2020, Zoom announced that it had acquired [Keybase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keybase "Keybase"), a company specializing in end-to-end encryption, as part of an effort to strengthen its security practices moving forward.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-wiredkeybase-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-158) Later that month, Zoom published a document for peer review, detailing its plans to ultimately bring end-to-end encryption to the software.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-159) In April 2020, Citizen Lab researchers discovered that a single, server-generated AES-128 key is being shared between all participants in [ECB mode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_mode_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_$ECB$ "Block cipher mode of operation"), which is deprecated due to its pattern-preserving characteristics of the ciphertext.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-160) During test calls between participants in Canada and United States, the key was provisioned from servers located in mainland China where they are subject to the [China Internet Security Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Internet_Security_Law "China Internet Security Law").[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-citlab-97) On June 3, 2020, Zoom announced that users on their free tier will not have access to [end-to-end encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_encryption "End-to-end encryption") so that they could cooperate with the [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") and law enforcement.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-161) Later, they said that they do not "proactively monitor meeting content".[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-162) On June 17, 2020, the company reversed course and announced that free users would have access to end-to-end encryption after all.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-163) On September 7, 2020, cryptography researcher [Nadim Kobeissi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadim_Kobeissi "Nadim Kobeissi") accused Zoom's security team of failing to credit his open-source protocol analysis research software, Verifpal, with being instrumental during the design phase of Zoom's new encryption protocol, as described in their whitepaper published in June 2020.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-164) Kobeissi published a week's worth of conversations with Zoom's security leadership in support of his claim, including Max Krohn, which included eight Verifpal models that Zoom's team asked for feedback on, promises of a citation to credit Kobeissi for his contributions and an admission that the Verifpal citation was pulled from the whitepaper at the last moment for unspecified reasons. Kobeissi also linked to a tweet by Zoom security consultant Lea Kissner which he described as a public [character assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_assassination "Character assassination") attempt issued in response to his repeated requests to have his work cited in the research paper published by Zoom.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-165) Zoom admitted that some calls in early April 2020 and prior were mistakenly routed through servers in [mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China "Mainland China"), prompting some governments and businesses to cease their usage of Zoom.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-166) The company later announced that data of free users outside of China would "never be routed through China" and that paid subscribers will be able to customize which data center regions they want to use. The company has data centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and Latin America.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-167)[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-168) In August 2021, the Data Protection regulatory body in Hamburg, Germany, ruled that Zoom was operating in the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") in breach of the [General Data Protection Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation") (GDPR). This is due to the fact that, as per the [Schrems II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrems_II "Schrems II") ruling, data that is transferred out of the EU must be protected as the GDPR requires. The data gathered by Zoom was being sent to the United States.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_note-169) - [List of video telecommunication services and product brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_video_telecommunication_services_and_product_brands "List of video telecommunication services and product brands") - [Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") - [Zoom fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_fatigue "Zoom fatigue") - [Zoom town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-1) ["Release notes for the Zoom Workplace app"](https://support.zoom.com/hc/en/article?id=zm_kb&sysparm_article=KB0061222). Zoom Support. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-2) ["Zoom Workplace"](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=us.zoom.videomeetings). Google Play. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-3) ["Zoom Workplace"](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/zoom-workplace/id546505307). App Store. Retrieved March 13, 2026. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-4) ["Zoom system requirements: Windows, macOS, Linux"](https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362023). support.zoom.us. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211103060441/https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/201362023) from the original on November 3, 2021. Retrieved February 13, 2022. 5. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-tvosverge_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-tvosverge_5-1) Wes Davis (December 3, 2023). ["Zoom's new Apple TV meeting app uses your iPhone as the camera"](https://www.theverge.com/2023/12/3/23986292/zoom-for-home-apple-tv-4k-app-continuity-camera-iphone-tvos-17-video-meetings). [The Verge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Verge "The Verge"). Retrieved December 8, 2024. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-6)* ["Change your language on Zoom"](https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/209982306-Change-your-language-on-Zoom). support.zoom.us. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200626170327/https://support.zoom.us/hc/en-us/articles/209982306-Change-your-language-on-Zoom) from the original on June 26, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-7) ["Plans and Pricing - Zoom"](https://zoom.us/pricing). zoom.us. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200406153554/https://zoom.us/pricing) from the original on April 6, 2020. Retrieved June 24, 2020. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-8) [Mossberg, Walter S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Mossberg "Walt Mossberg") (August 21, 2012). ["A Chance To Call 15 Friends To Video Chat In High Def"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444443504577603383238616426). [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200408153945/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444443504577603383238616426) from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_$software$#cite_ref-9) ["Zoom Raises \$6M Series A, Launches Version 1.0 Of Its"](https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/28/zoom-raises-6m-series-a-launches-version-1-0-of-its-radically-different-virtual-conferencing-tool/). [TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch "TechCrunch"). January 28, 2013. 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Retrieved August 18, 2021. - [Official website](https://www.zoom.com/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94979732#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") (in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, and Turkish)
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