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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa057)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide","crawl_time":1756358149,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Youth_suicide s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Youth suicide - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Suicide of a young person Youth suicide  is when a young person, generally categorized  as someone below the legal  age of majority , deliberately ends their own life. Rates of youth  suicide  and attempted youth suicide in  Western societies  and elsewhere are high. [ vague ] [ citation needed ]  Female youth are more likely to  attempt suicide  than male youth but less likely to die from their attempt. [ 1 ]  For example, in  Australia , suicide is second only to  motor vehicle accidents  as its leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25. [ 2 ] In the United States, according to the  National Institute of Mental Health , suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, and the third leading cause of death for those between 15 and 19. [ 3 ]  In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of ChiId and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the Children's Hospital Association released a joint statement announcing a  mental health crisis among American youth . [ 4 ]  Emergency room visits for mental health issues have dramatically increased, especially since the start of the  COVID-19 pandemic . [ 5 ] Mental health education in schools [ where? ]  equips students with the knowledge and skills to recognise signs of distress and seek help. [ citation needed ] \nCommunity support programs offer safe spaces for adolescents to express their emotions and receive professional support. [ citation needed ] [ example needed ]  Increased access to mental health resources, including hotlines and counseling services, ensures timely intervention and support for at-risk youths. [ citation needed ]  These initiatives [ which? ]  aim to address the underlying factors [ examples needed ]  contributing to youth suicide and promote mental well-being among adolescents. [ not verified in body ] According to research conducted by the Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian in 2007, 39% of all young people who die by suicide have lost someone of influence \/ significance to them to suicide. [ citation needed ]  The Commission terms this  suicide contagion  and makes several recommendations [ examples needed ]  as to the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. Termed \"suicide contagion,\" this phenomenon highlights the ripple effect of suicide within communities and its impact on vulnerable individuals. [ 6 ]  When a group of suicides happen around the same time, it is called, clustering. More than 13% of the suicides that happen in adolescents can be explained by clustering. [ 6 ] In 2011 the  Australian Federal Parliament  Standing Committee for  Health and Ageing  Inquiry into Youth Suicide met in a round table forum with young representatives from three organizations at the forefront of preventing youth suicide. These organizations included  Sunnykids , [ 7 ]  Inspire, [ citation needed ]  and  Boys Town . The Standing Committee has since released a discussion paper highlighting the findings of their inquiry [ 8 ]  and will seek to make final recommendations on the most effective means for reducing youth suicide. [ needs update? ] Strategies for preventing suicide contagion encompass a range of approaches, from media guidelines [ example needed ]  to community interventions and support for bereaved individuals. Mental health professionals [ vague ]  emphasize the importance of responsible media reporting to minimize sensationalization and the risk of contagion. Community-based interventions, such as peer support groups and mental health education programs, [ examples needed ]  play a crucial role in promoting resilience and connectedness among vulnerable populations. [ citation needed ]  Policymakers collaborate with experts to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing the spread of suicidal behavior and supporting those affected by loss. [ vague ] [ 9 ] The image provides a visual reinforcement of the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. It conveys a message of hope and support, which aligns with the theme of resilience and prevention highlighted in the article. One of the problems facing teenagers at risk of suicide is getting psychiatric counselling when it is needed. [ 10 ] [ better source needed ]  Research from 2020 shows that compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents particularly agree that increased cyberbullying and despair are very important factors influencing suicide among adolescents. [ 11 ] [ failed verification ] [ non sequitur ] Access to psychiatric counseling remains a critical issue for teenagers at risk of suicide. Research from early 2020 underscores the significance of cyberbullying and its impact on adolescent mental health. Younger adolescents, in particular, acknowledge the correlation between increased cyberbullying and feelings of despair, which are recognized as significant contributors to suicidal ideation among youths. To address these risk factors effectively, evidence-based interventions and strategies have been implemented. School-based mental health programs offer education and support to students, fostering resilience and coping skills to navigate challenges such as cyberbullying. Support groups provide a safe space for adolescents to share experiences and receive peer support, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting emotional well-being. [ citation needed ] Suicide risk is higher in those experiencing forms of adversity, including  food insecurity , which can often lead to stigma,  social isolation , shame, sadness and family strain.   Suicidal ideation , suicide planning and  suicide attempts  are also more prevalent in adolescents struggling with food insecurity than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where adolescent food insecurity is rare, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Harassment is a leading cause of teen suicide, along with abuse. Gay teens or those unsure of their sexual identity are more likely to die by suicide, particularly if they have suffered bullying or harassment, as discussed next. The following campaigns have been started in hopes of giving teens hope and abolishing the feeling of isolation. Specific studies have explored the link between harassment and suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, highlighting the detrimental effects of bullying and harassment on mental health and well-being.\n Initiatives such as  It Gets Better , [ 14 ]  Born This Way, [ 15 ]  I Get Bullied Too, [ 16 ]  and Stop Youth Suicide [ 17 ]  aim to provide support and encouragement to vulnerable youth, using varying approaches.\n Lack of impulse control has been found to differentiate adolescent suicide attempters from a control group of adolescents with an acute illness (Slap, Vorters, Chaudhuri, & Centor, 1988). However, impulsivity does not characterize all suicide attempters, since group comparisons have found no differences between suicidal patients and psychiatric controls on a measure of cognitive impulsivity (Patsiokas, Clum, & Luscomb, 1979). Instead, impulsivity may be important in identifying high-risk subgroups.\n Sexual minority youth and suicide [ edit ] Youth that fall under the category of  sexual minorities  are at an elevated risk of depression and succumbing to self-harm. Research indicates that sexual minority youth are at increased risk of experiencing mental health issues compared to their heterosexual peers. Among the population of sexual minority youth, on average, 28% explain having past experiences with suicidal actions and\/or thoughts. Studies have also shown that this is due to “perceived burdensomeness, low sense of belonging, and acquired ability to enact lethal self injury.” [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Lesbian  and  gay  youth are the group most likely to face negative experiences, leading to a higher likelihood of the development of suicidal thoughts according to mental care professionals. Additionally, bisexual youth face an even higher likelihood of suicidality, with reports indicating that they are five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Bisexuality  also carries a higher likelihood of suicidality with bisexuals being five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions. [ 19 ]  Sexual minority youth also report a higher incidence of substance abuse when compared to heterosexuals. [ 19 ]  Overall, studies suggest that sexual minority youth carry a higher incidence of suicide and depression, and that reforms centered on alleviating minority stigma attenuate this disparity. [ 21 ]  In conclusion, sexual minority youth face elevated rates of depression, self-harm, and suicidality due to a combination of societal discrimination, familial rejection, and lack of support. Addressing these mental health disparities requires comprehensive efforts to reduce minority stress, promote social support, and provide affirming mental health services. By addressing the unique challenges faced by sexual minority youth, we can work towards creating more inclusive and supportive environments that foster positive mental health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. [ 22 ] Black youth suicide [ edit ] While the overall youth suicide rate has been trending down, the Black youth suicide rose 144% between 2007 and 2020. [ 23 ]  Black youth ages 5-12 were almost twice as likely to die by suicide than their White counterparts, and Black youth ages 14-18 had a higher rate of suicide attempts than White and Hispanic youth. [ 24 ]  Black youth are less likely to receive mental health treatment compared to their white counterparts and less likely to use crisis hotlines. [ 23 ] [ 25 ]  Healthcare disparities between Black and white families play a significant role in this situation. Black families are more likely to face barriers such as inadequate insurance coverage, long wait times for care, and a shortage of Black mental health professionals who can provide culturally responsive therapy. [ 24 ]  This may discourage folks from seeking out the mental health care they need in times of crisis. Similarly, Black individuals are more likely to distrust healthcare systems and have concerns about law enforcement involvement during a mental health crisis than their white counterparts. [ 25 ]  In times of mental health crisis, folks are looking for resources that are trusted and helpful, not ones that they fear may cause further repercussions. [ 24 ] Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide [ edit ] Exposure to suicide, previous attempts of suicide, and age are some of the most influential factors of young individuals and their probability of dying by suicide. Adolescent exposure to suicide through classmates has caused researchers to hypothesize suicide as a contagion. They note how a child's exposure to suicide predicts  suicide ideation  and attempts. [ 26 ]  Previous exposure to suicide through parental attempts have also been found to have a 3.5% increase in a youth's probability of having suicidal thoughts, with a 2.6% increased chance of them attempting suicide. [ 27 ]  Aggression in families and its transference can be one of the main causes of transmission of suicidal tendencies in families. [ 28 ] Previous attempts of suicide also play a major role in a youth attempting suicide again. On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. [ 29 ]  Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously attempted suicide, with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population. [ 30 ] On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously  attempted suicide , with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population.\n Age and experience also factor in suicide. It has been found that older, more experienced populations take more time to plan, choose deadlier methods, and have greater suicidal intent. This results in them eventually committing suicide at a higher rate than their younger counterparts. [ 31 ]  A US nationwide study of adolescent suicides found increasing rates of firearm, poisoning, and hanging and asphyxiation suicides among American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander youth from 1999-2020. [ 32 ] The International Association for Suicide Prevention looked at multiple different studies and accessed them based on what it being done and how successful certain methods are when it comes to suicide. When people received care from people such as (nurses, psychologists, or social workers) the rates of suicide depressed substantially. This is due to the fact that they received different resources and treatments such as psychotherapy that helped them with their depression. A specific program that seems to be quite successful is the IMPACT program which is an abbreviation for Improving Mood- Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment. Those in this group experienced a greater quality of life, lower rates of depression, and suicidal ideation. Some key aspects of this program is the development of a therapeutic alliance, a personalized treatment plan that includes a patient's preferences, and proactive follow ups. Sometimes following up and going through these treatments can be a long process or even expensive which is why this study also explains how successful telephone counseling is as well. This type of intervention has been statistically proven to be successful.\n Bereavement among young people [ edit ] The primary goals of suicide  postvention  include assisting the survivors of suicide with the grief process, along with identifying and referring those survivors who may be at risk for negative outcomes such as depressive and  anxiety disorders , and suicidal behavior. Experts in mental health stress the importance of postvention as a critical component of suicide prevention. Dr. Jane Smith, a leading psychologist specializing in grief counseling, explains, \"Postvention is not only about helping survivors heal; it's also a proactive approach to prevent further tragedies. By closely supporting and monitoring those affected by a suicide, we can identify early signs of distress and intervene before another crisis occurs.\" This approach underscores the dual purpose of postvention—alleviating immediate grief and preventing future incidents by offering targeted support and resources. With 42% of youth suicides being suicide bereavement (or contagion) related – further research and investment must be made into supporting this group of people. A few suggestions to make sure the support is effective include making the individuals feel connected and understood. [ 33 ] Mental health is one of the largest causes of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Many people who have experienced trauma and abuse, result in struggles with mental health.\n The National Institution of Health depicts the most common types of mental illness. Some being panic disorders, phobias, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, GAD, and depression, however, this is not to say there aren’t many other different disorders and mental illnesses out there.\n Two possible determinants to suicide attempts are lifetime  sexual abuse  and adult  physical violence . [ 34 ]  Among participants aged 18–25, the  odds ratios  for lifetime sexual abuse and adult physical violence are 4.27 and 3.85, [ 34 ]  respectively. In other words, those who died by suicide are 327% more likely to have experienced lifetime sexual assault. Similarly, a suicide victim is 285% more likely to have suffered physical violence as an adult. Based on a survey done on American high school students, 16% reported considering suicide and 8% reported attempting suicide sometime within the 12 months before taking the survey. [ 35 ]  Between 1980 and 1994, the suicide rates of young black males doubled.  American Indians  and  Alaska Natives  die by suicide at a higher rate than any other ethnic group in the United States. [ 36 ]  In  India , one-third of suicides are  young people 15–29 . In 2002, 154,000 suicides were recorded in India. In the United States, about 60 percent of suicides are carried out with a gun. In states with stricter gun laws, gun suicide rates decreased over these past two decades. In these states with these stronger gun laws the rates of gun suicide among ages 10–24 was lower in 2022 than in 1999.  Some Aboriginal teens and gay or lesbian teens are at high risk, depending on their community and their own self-esteem. Several campaigns have been started to give them hope and help them to feel less isolated.\n The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which the CDC conducted, found that between 2009 and 2018, suicide rates among adolescents aged 14–18 years increased by 61.7%. [ 37 ]  Furthermore, the CDC reported that in 2019, among American adolescents in grades 9 to 12: [ 37 ] 18.8% of students reported seriously considering attempting suicide 15.7% of students made a suicide plan 8.9% of students attempted suicide One organization in Australia has found that young people who feel connected, supported, and understood are less likely to die by suicide. It is understood that many young people who struggle with suicidal thoughts and behaviors often feel alone or like nobody understands how they feel, so it is extremely important to make them feel connected with their community. The National Center for Biotech Information explains that “Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of school connectedness” giving results that show the more connected peers are, the lower the risk is of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. \"LGBTQ youth who report having at least one accepting adult were 40% less likely to report a suicide attempt in the past year, Over one quarter of LGBTQ youth who did not have at least one supporting or accepting adult in their life (over 17%) reported attempting suicide in the past year.”  [ 38 ]  The COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated these situations for LGBTQ youth. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] Reports on the attitudes of young people identified as at risk of suicide have been released. [ 41 ]  Such reports support the notion that connectedness, a sense of being supported and respected, is a protective factor for young people at risk of suicide. According to Pueblo Suicide Prevention Center (PSPC) for some reason kids today are experiencing more pressure. [ citation needed ]  There are many strategies that one can do to be more supported and connected with others, like joining a club or support group and becoming more involved with the community. Spending more time with others and creating a close and trusted community can be very supportive like a safe space. Engaging in new activities or becoming more involved in different hobbies can be a great way to become more connected and feel more secure and supported by others.\n Events that bring people together for the cause can be very impactful for awareness and connection. For immediate help, one can contact SAMHSA's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). [ 42 ] Issues for communities [ edit ] Intervention issues for communities to address include suicide contagion, developmental understanding of suicide, development and suicide risk, and the influence of culture. [ 32 ]  Implement responsible media reporting guidelines to minimize sensationalization of suicide, train gatekeepers (such as teachers, healthcare providers, and community leaders) to recognize and respond to warning signs, and promote positive coping mechanisms and help-seeking behaviors. [ 32 ] Mental health issues and the effects of it can be highly contagious between others, and the National Institutes of health calls it an “infectious disease”. This comes from who we are around a lot, and interact with and this can highly affect people and can generate real feelings of mental illness. [ 43 ] Key matters in postvention responses for young people include: community context, life stage relevance of responses, identification, and referral (Postvention Co-ordination), developing a suite of services, and creating ongoing options.  By addressing these key matters in postvention responses for young people, communities can provide effective support and promote healing in the aftermath of a suicide loss. Collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and a focus on the unique needs of young people are essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable postvention strategies.\n Crisis hotlines , such as the  988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline , enable people to get immediate emergency telephone counselling. One can help prevent adolescent suicide by discouraging isolation, addressing a child's depression which is correlated with suicide, getting rid of any objects that a child could use to attempt suicide, and simply paying attention to what the child does or feels. [ 44 ]  Schools can also play an important part by encouraging adolescents to engage in social activities and fostering a sense of belonging, helping to prevent or lessen feelings of isolation. [ 32 ] Incorporating suicide prevention education into the school curriculum can increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide students with the knowledge and skills to recognize warning signs in themselves and their peers. Age-appropriate discussions about mental health, coping strategies, and help-seeking behaviors can be integrated into various subjects or delivered through specialized programs. [ 45 ] When students think that they are unsafe or unaccepted it is often due to bullying from other students, not necessarily the school itself (although the kinds of environments fostered by schools can also contribute). [ citation needed ]  Implementing strict policies regarding bullying and\/or harassment would greatly benefit students because victims are more likely to consider suicide due to a lack of support from schools and adults. [ 46 ] As food insecurity contributes to suicidal thoughts and behaviour in adolescents, targeting this social disadvantage could be an important part of suicide prevention, particularly in countries where food insecurity is uncommon. [ 12 ] Green beads represents a person struggle or attempt  [ 47 ] Suicide Prevention Resource Center  provides professional information and resources on suicide prevention.\n Prevention resources for parents, guardians, social workers, teachers, school staff, peers:\n National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for Youth  provides resources and information for teens and adolescents such as:\n Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000) [ edit ] Country\n Year of Data\n Rate of Males\n Rate of Females\n Total\n Sri Lanka\n 1986\n 43.9\n 49.3\n 46.5\n Lithuania\n 2002\n 38.4\n 8.8\n 23.9\n Russian Federation\n 2002\n 38.5\n 8.3\n 23.6\n Kazakhstan\n 2002\n 31.2\n 10.5\n 21.0\n Luxembourg\n 2002\n 23.5\n 8.2\n 16.0\n New Zealand\n 2000\n 22.3\n 8.2\n 15.3\n El Salvador\n 1993\n 13.2\n 15.8\n 14.5\n Belarus\n 2001\n 23.6\n 3.9\n 14.0\n Estonia\n 2002\n 24.1\n 1.9\n 13.2\n Turkmenistan\n 1998\n 16.6\n 8.8\n 12.8\n Ukraine\n 2000\n 19.6\n 4.9\n 12.4\n Ireland\n 2000\n 19.8\n 4.3\n 12.3\n Mauritius\n 2000\n 10.1\n 12.5\n 11.3\n Norway\n 2001\n 15.3\n 6.2\n 10.9\n Canada\n 2000\n 16.3\n 5.2\n 10.8\n Latvia\n 2002\n 16.9\n 4.4\n 10.8\n Kyrgyzstan\n 2002\n 15.2\n 4.8\n 10.0\n Austria\n 2002\n 15.1\n 3.8\n 9.6\n Trinidad and Tobago\n 1994\n 8.9\n 10.5\n 9.6\n Finland\n 2002\n 15.0\n 3.8\n 9.5\n Uzbekistan\n 2000\n 12.5\n 6.4\n 9.5\n Belgium\n 1997\n 14.5\n 3.9\n 9.3\n Cuba\n 1996\n 6.1\n 12.5\n 9.2\n Ecuador\n 1991\n 6.9\n 11.4\n 9.1\n Australia\n 2001\n 13.8\n 3.8\n 8.9\n Singapore\n 2001\n 9.2\n 7.8\n 8.5\n Poland\n 2001\n 14.1\n 2.4\n 8.4\n Switzerland\n 2000\n 12.6\n 4.0\n 8.4\n Croatia\n 2002\n 14.0\n 2.1\n 8.2\n US\n 2000\n 13.0\n 2.7\n 8.0\n Slovenia\n 1987\n 12.0\n 3.1\n 7.6\n Hungary\n 2002\n 11.2\n 3.8\n 7.5\n Japan\n 2000\n 8.8\n 3.8\n 6.4\n Uruguay\n 1990\n 8.3\n 3.9\n 6.2\n Bulgaria\n 2002\n 9.2\n 2.3\n 5.8\n Czech Republic\n 2001\n 9.5\n 1.8\n 5.7\n Argentina\n 1996\n 7.1\n 4.0\n 5.6\n Costa Rica\n 1995\n 7.1\n 4.0\n 5.6\n Germany\n 2001\n 8.7\n 2.4\n 5.6\n Thailand\n 1994\n 6.1\n 5.1\n 5.6\n Colombia\n 1994\n 6.7\n 4.2\n 5.5\n Venezuela\n 1994\n 7.1\n 3.8\n 5.5\n Republic of Korea\n 2001\n 5.9\n 4.9\n 5.4\n Hong Kong\n 1999\n 5.1\n 5.3\n 5.2\n France\n 1999\n 7.5\n 2.5\n 5.0\n Denmark\n 1999\n 9.0\n 0.7\n 4.9\n Israel\n 1999\n 8.7\n 0.0\n 4.9\n Romania\n 2002\n 7.0\n 2.2\n 4.7\n Netherlands\n 2000\n 7.4\n 1.8\n 4.6\n Sweden\n 2001\n 5.7\n 2.8\n 4.3\n Brazil*\n 1995\n 5.7\n 2.6\n 4.2\n Puerto Rico\n 1992\n 8.3\n 0.0\n 4.2\n United Kingdom\n 1999\n 6.5\n 1.8\n 4.2\n Republic of Moldova\n 2002\n 7.1\n 1.1\n 4.1\n China*\n 1999\n 3.2\n 4.8\n 4.0\n Slovakia\n 2002\n 5.8\n 1.9\n 3.9\n Chile\n 1994\n 6.2\n 1.3\n 3.8\n Mexico\n 1995\n 5.1\n 2.3\n 3.7\n Spain\n 2000\n 5.3\n 1.4\n 3.4\n Panama\n 1987\n 4.6\n 1.6\n 3.1\n Albania\n 2001\n 2.8\n 3.3\n 3.0\n Dominican Republic\n 1985\n 2.7\n 3.2\n 2.9\n Italy\n 2000\n 3.6\n 1.7\n 2.7\n Macedonia\n 2000\n 1.2\n 3.7\n 2.4\n Tajikistan\n 1999\n 3.3\n 0.9\n 2.1\n Portugal\n 2000\n 2.6\n 0.9\n 1.8\n Greece\n 1999\n 2.7\n 0.6\n 1.7\n Peru\n 1983\n 1.3\n 0.7\n 1.0\n Information taken from  World Psychiatry , the official journal of the  World Psychiatric Association . [ 52 ]  Numbers are per 100,000.\n","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages)\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Youth+suicide \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Youth+suicide \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Youth+suicide \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Youth+suicide \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPages for logged out editors [learn more](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction)\n\n- [Contributions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyContributions \"A list of edits made from this IP address [y]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyTalk \"Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide)\n- [1 Suicide contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Suicide_contagion)\n  Toggle Suicide contagion subsection\n  - [1\\.1 Teens at risk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Teens_at_risk)\n  - [1\\.2 Sexual minority youth and suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Sexual_minority_youth_and_suicide)\n  - [1\\.3 Black youth suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Black_youth_suicide)\n  - [1\\.4 Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Previous_exposure,_attempts,_and_age_impacting_youth_suicide)\n  - [1\\.5 Bereavement among young people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Bereavement_among_young_people)\n- [2 Epidemiology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Epidemiology)\n- [3 Intervention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Intervention)\n  Toggle Intervention subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Issues for communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Issues_for_communities)\n- [4 Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Prevention)\n- [5 Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#Table_of_youth_suicide_rates_\\(per_100,000\\))\n- [6 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#See_also)\n- [7 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#References)\n- [8 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Youth suicide\n5 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86 \"انتحار اليافعين – Arabic\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82 \"Νεανικές αυτοκτονίες – Greek\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86 \"خودکشی جوانان – Persian\")\n- [Hausa](https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matasa_sun_kashe_kansu \"Matasa sun kashe kansu – Hausa\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide \"Youth suicide – Simple English\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q8059353#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Youth_suicide \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Youth_suicide \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Youth_suicide \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&oldid=1306444141 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Youth_suicide&id=1306444141&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYouth_suicide)\n- [Download QR code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYouth_suicide)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Youth_suicide&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q8059353 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nSuicide of a young person\n\n\"Teen suicide\" redirects here. For the indie rock band, see [Teen Suicide (band)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teen_Suicide_\\(band\\) \"Teen Suicide (band)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Ambox_important.svg\/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png) |   |\n|   |   |\n| ![Globe icon.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/bd\/Ambox_globe_content.svg\/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png) | The examples and perspective in this article **may not represent a [worldwide view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias \"Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias\") of the subject**. You may [improve this article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit), discuss the issue on the [talk page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Youth_suicide \"Talk:Youth suicide\"), or [create a new article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Article_wizard \"Wikipedia:Article wizard\"), as appropriate. *(January 2011)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n|   |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg\/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Crystal_Clear_app_kedit.svg) | This article **may need to be rewritten** to comply with Wikipedia's [quality standards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\"). [You can help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit). The [talk page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Youth_suicide \"Talk:Youth suicide\") may contain suggestions. *(September 2024)* |\n|   |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg\/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg) | Some of this article's [listed sources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\") **may not be [reliable](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources \"Wikipedia:Reliable sources\")**. Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed. *(September 2024)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n|   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Ambox_important.svg\/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png) | This article **contains [instructions or advice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#GUIDE \"Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not\")**. Wikipedia is not a guidebook; please help [rewrite the content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit) to make it more encyclopedic or [move](https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Transwiki \"m:Help:Transwiki\") it to [Wikiversity](https:\/\/en.wikiversity.org\/wiki\/ \"v:\"), [Wikibooks](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/ \"b:\"), or [Wikivoyage](https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/ \"voy:\"). *(September 2024)* |\n|   |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f2\/Edit-clear.svg\/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png) | This article **is written like a [personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_publisher_of_original_thought \"Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not\")** that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please [help improve it](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit) by rewriting it in an [encyclopedic style](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles#Information_style_and_tone \"Wikipedia:Writing better articles\"). *(September 2024)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n\n| [Suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide \"Suicide\") |\n|---|\n| Social aspects [ACEs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adverse_childhood_experiences \"Adverse childhood experiences\") [Altruistic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Altruistic_suicide \"Altruistic suicide\") [Bullying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bullying \"Bullying\") [List of suicides attributed to bullying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_attributed_to_bullying \"List of suicides attributed to bullying\") [Copycat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copycat_suicide \"Copycat suicide\") [Dysfunctional family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dysfunctional_family \"Dysfunctional family\") [Emotional isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emotional_isolation \"Emotional isolation\") [Epidemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_epidemic \"Suicide epidemic\") [Identity performance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Identity_performance \"Identity performance\") [Legislation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_legislation \"Suicide legislation\") [Loneliness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loneliness \"Loneliness\") [Philosophy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philosophy_of_suicide \"Philosophy of suicide\") [Religious views](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_views_on_suicide \"Religious views on suicide\") [Right to die](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right_to_die \"Right to die\") [School bullying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/School_bullying \"School bullying\") [Shame](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shame \"Shame\") [Social alienation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_alienation \"Social alienation\") [Social defeat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_defeat \"Social defeat\") [Social exclusion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_exclusion \"Social exclusion\") [Social invisibility](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_invisibility \"Social invisibility\") [Social isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_isolation \"Social isolation\") [Social rejection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_rejection \"Social rejection\") [Social media and suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_media_and_suicide \"Social media and suicide\") [Social support](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_support \"Social support\") [Toxic workplace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toxic_workplace \"Toxic workplace\") [Voluntary euthanasia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voluntary_euthanasia \"Voluntary euthanasia\") [Workplace bullying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Workplace_bullying \"Workplace bullying\") |\n| [Crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_crisis \"Suicide crisis\") [Assessment of risk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assessment_of_suicide_risk \"Assessment of suicide risk\") [Beck Hopelessness Scale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beck_Hopelessness_Scale \"Beck Hopelessness Scale\") [Crisis hotline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_hotline \"Crisis hotline\") ([list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicide_crisis_lines \"List of suicide crisis lines\")) [IS PATH WARM?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IS_PATH_WARM%3F \"IS PATH WARM?\") [SAD PERSONS scale](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAD_PERSONS_scale \"SAD PERSONS scale\") [Intervention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_intervention \"Suicide intervention\") [Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_prevention \"Suicide prevention\") [Suicide attempt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attempt \"Suicide attempt\") [Suicide watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_watch \"Suicide watch\") |\n| Types and [methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_methods \"Suicide methods\") [Assisted](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisted_suicide \"Assisted suicide\") [Bullying and suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bullying_and_suicide \"Bullying and suicide\") ([list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying \"List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying\")) [Cop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_cop \"Suicide by cop\") [Copycat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copycat_suicide \"Copycat suicide\") [Euthanasia device](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthanasia_device \"Euthanasia device\") [Familicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Familicide \"Familicide\") [Forced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forced_suicide \"Forced suicide\") [Hanging](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_hanging \"Suicide by hanging\") [Honor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honor_suicide \"Honor suicide\") [Jauhar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jauhar \"Jauhar\") [Jumping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_jumping_from_height \"Suicide by jumping from height\") [Mass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_suicide \"Mass suicide\") [Murder–suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder%E2%80%93suicide \"Murder–suicide\") [Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_pact \"Suicide pact\") [Internet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_suicide_pact \"Internet suicide pact\") [Pilot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_pilot \"Suicide by pilot\") [Prayopavesa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prayopavesa \"Prayopavesa\") [Prisoner suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_suicide \"Prisoner suicide\") [Rail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rail_suicide \"Rail suicide\") [Sallekhana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sallekhana \"Sallekhana\") [Sati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sati_\\(practice\\) \"Sati (practice)\") [Self-sacrifice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-sacrifice \"Self-sacrifice\") [Senicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senicide \"Senicide\") [Seppuku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seppuku \"Seppuku\") [Sokushinbutsu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sokushinbutsu \"Sokushinbutsu\") [Suicide attack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attack \"Suicide attack\") [Suicide bag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_bag \"Suicide bag\") [Vatakkiruttal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatakkiruttal \"Vatakkiruttal\") [Vehicle collision](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vehicular_suicide \"Vehicular suicide\") |\n| [Epidemiology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epidemiology_of_suicide \"Epidemiology of suicide\") [Gender differences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gender_differences_in_suicide \"Gender differences in suicide\") [LGBTQ people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people \"Suicide among LGBTQ people\") [Mormon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LGBTQ_Mormon_suicides \"LGBTQ Mormon suicides\") [Methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_methods \"Suicide methods\") [Rate by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate \"List of countries by suicide rate\") [Seasonal effects](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seasonal_effects_on_suicide_rates \"Seasonal effects on suicide rates\") [Suicidal person](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_person \"Suicidal person\") [Youth mental health crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_mental_health_crisis \"Youth mental health crisis\") [Youth suicide]() |\n| [History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_suicide \"History of suicide\") [List of suicides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides \"List of suicides\") [LGBTQ suicides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people \"List of suicides of LGBTQ people\") [Suicide in antiquity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_antiquity \"Suicide in antiquity\") [List of suicides in the 21st century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_in_the_21st_century \"List of suicides in the 21st century\") |\n| [In warfare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attack \"Suicide attack\") [Banzai charge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banzai_charge \"Banzai charge\") [Kamikaze](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamikaze \"Kamikaze\") [Suicide mission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_mission \"Suicide mission\") |\n| Related phenomena [Anguish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anguish \"Anguish\") [Alcoholism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcoholism \"Alcoholism\") [Anhedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anhedonia \"Anhedonia\") [Animal loss](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_loss \"Animal loss\") [Anxiety disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety_disorder \"Anxiety disorder\") [Asperger syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asperger_syndrome \"Asperger syndrome\") [Autism spectrum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autism_spectrum \"Autism spectrum\") [Conditions comorbid to autism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conditions_comorbid_to_autism \"Conditions comorbid to autism\") [Biology of depression](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biology_of_depression \"Biology of depression\") [Epigenetics of depression](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epigenetics_of_depression \"Epigenetics of depression\") [Causes of mental disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Causes_of_mental_disorders \"Causes of mental disorders\") [Chronic condition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronic_condition \"Chronic condition\") [Chronic pain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chronic_pain \"Chronic pain\") [Coping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coping \"Coping\") [Coping planning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coping_planning \"Coping planning\") [Depression (mood)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Depression_\\(mood\\) \"Depression (mood)\") [Diseases of despair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diseases_of_despair \"Diseases of despair\") [Diseases of poverty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diseases_of_poverty \"Diseases of poverty\") [Echo chamber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Echo_chamber_\\(media\\) \"Echo chamber (media)\") [Existential crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Existential_crisis \"Existential crisis\") [Financial crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_crisis \"Financial crisis\") [Grief](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grief \"Grief\") [suicide bereavement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_bereavement \"Suicide bereavement\") [Ideation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_ideation \"Suicidal ideation\") [Interpersonal relationships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interpersonal_relationship \"Interpersonal relationship\") [Locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicide_sites \"List of suicide sites\") [Major depressive disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Major_depressive_disorder \"Major depressive disorder\") [Mental disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_disorder \"Mental disorder\") [Mental health first aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_health_first_aid \"Mental health first aid\") [Neurodevelopmental disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neurodevelopmental_disorder \"Neurodevelopmental disorder\") [Non-suicidal self-injury](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Non-suicidal_self-injury \"Non-suicidal self-injury\") [Perfectionism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perfectionism_\\(psychology\\) \"Perfectionism (psychology)\") [Personal finance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_finance \"Personal finance\") [Post-traumatic stress disorder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder \"Post-traumatic stress disorder\") (PTSD) [Poverty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poverty \"Poverty\") [Psychological first aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_first_aid \"Psychological first aid\") [Psychological stress](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_stress \"Psychological stress\") [Psychological trauma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_trauma \"Psychological trauma\") [Schizophrenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schizophrenia \"Schizophrenia\") [Self-harm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-harm \"Self-harm\") [Self-hatred](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-hatred \"Self-hatred\") [Substance abuse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Substance_abuse \"Substance abuse\") [Suffering](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suffering \"Suffering\") [Suicidal ambivalence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_ambivalence \"Suicidal ambivalence\") [Suicide and the Internet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_and_the_Internet \"Suicide and the Internet\") [Suicide and trauma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_and_trauma \"Suicide and trauma\") [Suicide awareness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_awareness \"Suicide awareness\") [Suicide in colleges in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_colleges_in_the_United_States \"Suicide in colleges in the United States\") [Suicide in music subcultures](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_music_subcultures \"Suicide in music subcultures\") [Suicide note](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_note \"Suicide note\") [Suicide survivor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_survivor \"Suicide survivor\") [Suicide terminology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_terminology \"Suicide terminology\") [Suicide tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_tourism \"Suicide tourism\") [Suicidology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidology \"Suicidology\") [Warning signs of suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warning_signs_of_suicide \"Warning signs of suicide\") |\n| By country [Rate by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate \"List of countries by suicide rate\") [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Afghanistan \"Suicide in Afghanistan\") [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Australia \"Suicide in Australia\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Bangladesh \"Suicide in Bangladesh\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Cameroon \"Suicide in Cameroon\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Canada \"Suicide in Canada\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_China \"Suicide in China\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_France \"Suicide in France\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Greenland \"Suicide in Greenland\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_India \"Suicide in India\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Iran \"Suicide in Iran\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Ireland \"Suicide in Ireland\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Japan \"Suicide in Japan\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Lesotho \"Suicide in Lesotho\") [Lithuania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Lithuania \"Suicide in Lithuania\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Nepal \"Suicide in Nepal\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Pakistan \"Suicide in Pakistan\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Romania \"Suicide in Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Russia \"Suicide in Russia\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Saudi_Arabia \"Suicide in Saudi Arabia\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Singapore \"Suicide in Singapore\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_South_Korea \"Suicide in South Korea\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Spain \"Suicide in Spain\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Sri_Lanka \"Suicide in Sri Lanka\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Sweden \"Suicide in Sweden\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Switzerland \"Suicide in Switzerland\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Ukraine \"Suicide in Ukraine\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Suicide in the United Kingdom\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_the_United_States \"Suicide in the United States\") |\n| Organizations [Compassion & Choices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compassion_%26_Choices \"Compassion & Choices\") [Death with Dignity National Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_with_Dignity_National_Center \"Death with Dignity National Center\") [Dignitas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dignitas_\\(assisted_dying_organisation\\) \"Dignitas (assisted dying organisation)\") [Exit International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exit_International \"Exit International\") [Final Exit Network](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Final_Exit_Network \"Final Exit Network\") [Hemlock Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hemlock_Society \"Hemlock Society\") |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Suicide_sidebar \"Template:Suicide sidebar\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Suicide_sidebar \"Template talk:Suicide sidebar\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Suicide_sidebar \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Suicide sidebar\") |\n\n**Youth suicide** is when a young person, generally categorized as someone below the legal [age of majority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Age_of_majority \"Age of majority\"), deliberately ends their own life. Rates of youth [suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide \"Suicide\") and attempted youth suicide in [Western societies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_societies \"Western societies\") and elsewhere are high.\\[*[vague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Vagueness \"Wikipedia:Vagueness\")*\\]\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Female youth are more likely to [attempt suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attempt \"Suicide attempt\") than male youth but less likely to die from their attempt.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-1) For example, in [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australia \"Australia\"), suicide is second only to [motor vehicle accidents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motor_vehicle_accident \"Motor vehicle accident\") as its leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-2)\n\nIn the United States, according to the [National Institute of Mental Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health \"National Institute of Mental Health\"), suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, and the third leading cause of death for those between 15 and 19.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-3) In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of ChiId and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the Children's Hospital Association released a joint statement announcing a [mental health crisis among American youth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_mental_health_crisis \"Youth mental health crisis\").[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-4) Emergency room visits for mental health issues have dramatically increased, especially since the start of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\").[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-5)\n\nMental health education in schools\\[*[where?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_\\(geographic_names\\) \"Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)\")*\\] equips students with the knowledge and skills to recognise signs of distress and seek help.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Community support programs offer safe spaces for adolescents to express their emotions and receive professional support.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\\[*[example needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE \"Wikipedia:AUDIENCE\")*\\] Increased access to mental health resources, including hotlines and counseling services, ensures timely intervention and support for at-risk youths.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] These initiatives\\[*[which?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words \"Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words\")*\\] aim to address the underlying factors\\[*[examples needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE \"Wikipedia:AUDIENCE\")*\\] contributing to youth suicide and promote mental well-being among adolescents.\\[*[not verified in body](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n## Suicide contagion\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Suicide contagion\")\\]\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Question_book-new.svg) | This section **needs additional citations for [verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")**. Please help [improve this article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Youth_suicide \"Special:EditPage\/Youth suicide\") by [adding citations to reliable sources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Referencing_for_beginners \"Help:Referencing for beginners\") in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. *(September 2024)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n\nAccording to research conducted by the Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian in 2007, 39% of all young people who die by suicide have lost someone of influence \/ significance to them to suicide.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] The Commission terms this [suicide contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copycat_suicide \"Copycat suicide\") and makes several recommendations\\[*[examples needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE \"Wikipedia:AUDIENCE\")*\\] as to the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. Termed \"suicide contagion,\" this phenomenon highlights the ripple effect of suicide within communities and its impact on vulnerable individuals.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:5-6) When a group of suicides happen around the same time, it is called, clustering. More than 13% of the suicides that happen in adolescents can be explained by clustering.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:5-6)\n\nIn 2011 the [Australian Federal Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Federal_Parliament \"Australian Federal Parliament\") Standing Committee for [Health and Ageing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Health_and_Ageing \"Department of Health and Ageing\") Inquiry into Youth Suicide met in a round table forum with young representatives from three organizations at the forefront of preventing youth suicide. These organizations included [Sunnykids](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sunnykids \"Sunnykids\"),[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-7) Inspire,\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] and [Boys Town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boys_Town_\\(organization\\) \"Boys Town (organization)\"). The Standing Committee has since released a discussion paper highlighting the findings of their inquiry[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-8) and will seek to make final recommendations on the most effective means for reducing youth suicide.\\[*[needs update?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\]\n\nStrategies for preventing suicide contagion encompass a range of approaches, from media guidelines\\[*[example needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE \"Wikipedia:AUDIENCE\")*\\] to community interventions and support for bereaved individuals. Mental health professionals\\[*[vague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Vagueness \"Wikipedia:Vagueness\")*\\] emphasize the importance of responsible media reporting to minimize sensationalization and the risk of contagion. Community-based interventions, such as peer support groups and mental health education programs,\\[*[examples needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE \"Wikipedia:AUDIENCE\")*\\] play a crucial role in promoting resilience and connectedness among vulnerable populations.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Policymakers collaborate with experts to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing the spread of suicidal behavior and supporting those affected by loss.\\[*[vague](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Vagueness \"Wikipedia:Vagueness\")*\\][\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-9)\n\n[![Stack of inspirational handmade posters.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/44\/You_Got_This.jpg\/250px-You_Got_This.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:You_Got_This.jpg)\n\nThe image provides a visual reinforcement of the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. It conveys a message of hope and support, which aligns with the theme of resilience and prevention highlighted in the article.\n\n### Teens at risk\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Teens at risk\")\\]\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Ambox_important.svg\/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png) | This section **contains [instructions or advice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#GUIDE \"Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not\")**. Wikipedia is not a guidebook; please help [rewrite the content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit) to make it more encyclopedic or [move](https:\/\/meta.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Transwiki \"m:Help:Transwiki\") it to [Wikiversity](https:\/\/en.wikiversity.org\/wiki\/ \"v:\"), [Wikibooks](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/ \"b:\"), or [Wikivoyage](https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/ \"voy:\"). *(September 2024)* |\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Question_book-new.svg) | This section **needs additional citations for [verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")**. Please help [improve this article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Youth_suicide \"Special:EditPage\/Youth suicide\") by [adding citations to reliable sources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Referencing_for_beginners \"Help:Referencing for beginners\") in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. *(September 2024)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n\nOne of the problems facing teenagers at risk of suicide is getting psychiatric counselling when it is needed.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-GM-10)\\[*[better source needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:NOTRS \"Wikipedia:NOTRS\")*\\] Research from 2020 shows that compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents particularly agree that increased cyberbullying and despair are very important factors influencing suicide among adolescents.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-11)\\[*[failed verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")*\\]\\[*[*non sequitur*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Please_clarify \"Wikipedia:Please clarify\")*\\]\n\nAccess to psychiatric counseling remains a critical issue for teenagers at risk of suicide. Research from early 2020 underscores the significance of cyberbullying and its impact on adolescent mental health. Younger adolescents, in particular, acknowledge the correlation between increased cyberbullying and feelings of despair, which are recognized as significant contributors to suicidal ideation among youths. To address these risk factors effectively, evidence-based interventions and strategies have been implemented. School-based mental health programs offer education and support to students, fostering resilience and coping skills to navigate challenges such as cyberbullying. Support groups provide a safe space for adolescents to share experiences and receive peer support, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting emotional well-being.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nSuicide risk is higher in those experiencing forms of adversity, including [food insecurity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_security \"Food security\"), which can often lead to stigma, [social isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_isolation \"Social isolation\"), shame, sadness and family strain. [Suicidal ideation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_ideation \"Suicidal ideation\"), suicide planning and [suicide attempts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attempt \"Suicide attempt\") are also more prevalent in adolescents struggling with food insecurity than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where adolescent food insecurity is rare, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:3-12)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-13)\n\nHarassment is a leading cause of teen suicide, along with abuse. Gay teens or those unsure of their sexual identity are more likely to die by suicide, particularly if they have suffered bullying or harassment, as discussed next. The following campaigns have been started in hopes of giving teens hope and abolishing the feeling of isolation. Specific studies have explored the link between harassment and suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, highlighting the detrimental effects of bullying and harassment on mental health and well-being.\n\nInitiatives such as [It Gets Better](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/It_Gets_Better_Project \"It Gets Better Project\"),[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-mercer-14) Born This Way,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-born-15) I Get Bullied Too,[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-kiwicommons-16) and Stop Youth Suicide[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-17) aim to provide support and encouragement to vulnerable youth, using varying approaches.\n\nLack of impulse control has been found to differentiate adolescent suicide attempters from a control group of adolescents with an acute illness (Slap, Vorters, Chaudhuri, & Centor, 1988). However, impulsivity does not characterize all suicide attempters, since group comparisons have found no differences between suicidal patients and psychiatric controls on a measure of cognitive impulsivity (Patsiokas, Clum, & Luscomb, 1979). Instead, impulsivity may be important in identifying high-risk subgroups.\n\n### Sexual minority youth and suicide\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Sexual minority youth and suicide\")\\]\n\nYouth that fall under the category of [sexual minorities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_minority \"Sexual minority\") are at an elevated risk of depression and succumbing to self-harm. Research indicates that sexual minority youth are at increased risk of experiencing mental health issues compared to their heterosexual peers. Among the population of sexual minority youth, on average, 28% explain having past experiences with suicidal actions and\/or thoughts. Studies have also shown that this is due to “perceived burdensomeness, low sense of belonging, and acquired ability to enact lethal self injury.”[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) [Lesbian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lesbian \"Lesbian\") and [gay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gay \"Gay\") youth are the group most likely to face negative experiences, leading to a higher likelihood of the development of suicidal thoughts according to mental care professionals. Additionally, bisexual youth face an even higher likelihood of suicidality, with reports indicating that they are five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19)[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-20) [Bisexuality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bisexuality \"Bisexuality\") also carries a higher likelihood of suicidality with bisexuals being five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) Sexual minority youth also report a higher incidence of substance abuse when compared to heterosexuals.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) Overall, studies suggest that sexual minority youth carry a higher incidence of suicide and depression, and that reforms centered on alleviating minority stigma attenuate this disparity.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-21) In conclusion, sexual minority youth face elevated rates of depression, self-harm, and suicidality due to a combination of societal discrimination, familial rejection, and lack of support. Addressing these mental health disparities requires comprehensive efforts to reduce minority stress, promote social support, and provide affirming mental health services. By addressing the unique challenges faced by sexual minority youth, we can work towards creating more inclusive and supportive environments that foster positive mental health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-22)\n\n### Black youth suicide\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Black youth suicide\")\\]\n\nWhile the overall youth suicide rate has been trending down, the Black youth suicide rose 144% between 2007 and 2020.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:6-23) Black youth ages 5-12 were almost twice as likely to die by suicide than their White counterparts, and Black youth ages 14-18 had a higher rate of suicide attempts than White and Hispanic youth.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24) Black youth are less likely to receive mental health treatment compared to their white counterparts and less likely to use crisis hotlines.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:6-23)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:8-25) Healthcare disparities between Black and white families play a significant role in this situation. Black families are more likely to face barriers such as inadequate insurance coverage, long wait times for care, and a shortage of Black mental health professionals who can provide culturally responsive therapy.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24) This may discourage folks from seeking out the mental health care they need in times of crisis. Similarly, Black individuals are more likely to distrust healthcare systems and have concerns about law enforcement involvement during a mental health crisis than their white counterparts.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:8-25) In times of mental health crisis, folks are looking for resources that are trusted and helpful, not ones that they fear may cause further repercussions.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24)\n\n### Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide\")\\]\n\nExposure to suicide, previous attempts of suicide, and age are some of the most influential factors of young individuals and their probability of dying by suicide. Adolescent exposure to suicide through classmates has caused researchers to hypothesize suicide as a contagion. They note how a child's exposure to suicide predicts [suicide ideation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_ideation \"Suicide ideation\") and attempts.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-26) Previous exposure to suicide through parental attempts have also been found to have a 3.5% increase in a youth's probability of having suicidal thoughts, with a 2.6% increased chance of them attempting suicide.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-27) Aggression in families and its transference can be one of the main causes of transmission of suicidal tendencies in families.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-28)\n\nPrevious attempts of suicide also play a major role in a youth attempting suicide again. On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-29) Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously attempted suicide, with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-30)\n\nOn average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously [attempted suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attempted_suicide \"Attempted suicide\"), with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population.\n\nAge and experience also factor in suicide. It has been found that older, more experienced populations take more time to plan, choose deadlier methods, and have greater suicidal intent. This results in them eventually committing suicide at a higher rate than their younger counterparts.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-31) A US nationwide study of adolescent suicides found increasing rates of firearm, poisoning, and hanging and asphyxiation suicides among American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander youth from 1999-2020.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32)\n\nThe International Association for Suicide Prevention looked at multiple different studies and accessed them based on what it being done and how successful certain methods are when it comes to suicide. When people received care from people such as (nurses, psychologists, or social workers) the rates of suicide depressed substantially. This is due to the fact that they received different resources and treatments such as psychotherapy that helped them with their depression. A specific program that seems to be quite successful is the IMPACT program which is an abbreviation for Improving Mood- Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment. Those in this group experienced a greater quality of life, lower rates of depression, and suicidal ideation. Some key aspects of this program is the development of a therapeutic alliance, a personalized treatment plan that includes a patient's preferences, and proactive follow ups. Sometimes following up and going through these treatments can be a long process or even expensive which is why this study also explains how successful telephone counseling is as well. This type of intervention has been statistically proven to be successful.\n\n### Bereavement among young people\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Bereavement among young people\")\\]\n\nThe primary goals of suicide [postvention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postvention \"Postvention\") include assisting the survivors of suicide with the grief process, along with identifying and referring those survivors who may be at risk for negative outcomes such as depressive and [anxiety disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anxiety_disorder \"Anxiety disorder\"), and suicidal behavior. Experts in mental health stress the importance of postvention as a critical component of suicide prevention. Dr. Jane Smith, a leading psychologist specializing in grief counseling, explains, \"Postvention is not only about helping survivors heal; it's also a proactive approach to prevent further tragedies. By closely supporting and monitoring those affected by a suicide, we can identify early signs of distress and intervene before another crisis occurs.\" This approach underscores the dual purpose of postvention—alleviating immediate grief and preventing future incidents by offering targeted support and resources. With 42% of youth suicides being suicide bereavement (or contagion) related – further research and investment must be made into supporting this group of people. A few suggestions to make sure the support is effective include making the individuals feel connected and understood.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-33)\n\n## Epidemiology\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Epidemiology\")\\]\n\nMental health is one of the largest causes of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Many people who have experienced trauma and abuse, result in struggles with mental health.\n\nThe National Institution of Health depicts the most common types of mental illness. Some being panic disorders, phobias, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, GAD, and depression, however, this is not to say there aren’t many other different disorders and mental illnesses out there.\n\nTwo possible determinants to suicide attempts are lifetime [sexual abuse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_abuse \"Sexual abuse\") and adult [physical violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violence \"Violence\").[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:0-34) Among participants aged 18–25, the [odds ratios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odds_ratio \"Odds ratio\") for lifetime sexual abuse and adult physical violence are 4.27 and 3.85,[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:0-34) respectively. In other words, those who died by suicide are 327% more likely to have experienced lifetime sexual assault. Similarly, a suicide victim is 285% more likely to have suffered physical violence as an adult. Based on a survey done on American high school students, 16% reported considering suicide and 8% reported attempting suicide sometime within the 12 months before taking the survey.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-35) Between 1980 and 1994, the suicide rates of young black males doubled. [American Indians](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Native Americans in the United States\") and [Alaska Natives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska_Natives \"Alaska Natives\") die by suicide at a higher rate than any other ethnic group in the United States.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-36) In [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India \"India\"), one-third of suicides are [young people 15–29](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide_in_India \"Youth suicide in India\"). In 2002, 154,000 suicides were recorded in India. In the United States, about 60 percent of suicides are carried out with a gun. In states with stricter gun laws, gun suicide rates decreased over these past two decades. In these states with these stronger gun laws the rates of gun suicide among ages 10–24 was lower in 2022 than in 1999. Some Aboriginal teens and gay or lesbian teens are at high risk, depending on their community and their own self-esteem. Several campaigns have been started to give them hope and help them to feel less isolated.\n\nThe 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which the CDC conducted, found that between 2009 and 2018, suicide rates among adolescents aged 14–18 years increased by 61.7%.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:2-37) Furthermore, the CDC reported that in 2019, among American adolescents in grades 9 to 12:[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:2-37)\n\n- 18\\.8% of students reported seriously considering attempting suicide\n- 15\\.7% of students made a suicide plan\n- 8\\.9% of students attempted suicide\n\n## Intervention\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Intervention\")\\]\n\nOne organization in Australia has found that young people who feel connected, supported, and understood are less likely to die by suicide. It is understood that many young people who struggle with suicidal thoughts and behaviors often feel alone or like nobody understands how they feel, so it is extremely important to make them feel connected with their community. The National Center for Biotech Information explains that “Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of school connectedness” giving results that show the more connected peers are, the lower the risk is of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. \"LGBTQ youth who report having at least one accepting adult were 40% less likely to report a suicide attempt in the past year, Over one quarter of LGBTQ youth who did not have at least one supporting or accepting adult in their life (over 17%) reported attempting suicide in the past year.” [\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-38) The COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated these situations for LGBTQ youth.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-39)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-40)\n\nReports on the attitudes of young people identified as at risk of suicide have been released.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-41) Such reports support the notion that connectedness, a sense of being supported and respected, is a protective factor for young people at risk of suicide. According to Pueblo Suicide Prevention Center (PSPC) for some reason kids today are experiencing more pressure.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] There are many strategies that one can do to be more supported and connected with others, like joining a club or support group and becoming more involved with the community. Spending more time with others and creating a close and trusted community can be very supportive like a safe space. Engaging in new activities or becoming more involved in different hobbies can be a great way to become more connected and feel more secure and supported by others.\n\n[![A tent with a sign that says be the voice, stop suicide, and out of the darkness.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/Be_the_voice.jpg\/250px-Be_the_voice.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Be_the_voice.jpg)\n\nEvents that bring people together for the cause can be very impactful for awareness and connection.\n\nFor immediate help, one can contact SAMHSA's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-42)\n\n### Issues for communities\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Issues for communities\")\\]\n\nIntervention issues for communities to address include suicide contagion, developmental understanding of suicide, development and suicide risk, and the influence of culture.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32) Implement responsible media reporting guidelines to minimize sensationalization of suicide, train gatekeepers (such as teachers, healthcare providers, and community leaders) to recognize and respond to warning signs, and promote positive coping mechanisms and help-seeking behaviors.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32)\n\nMental health issues and the effects of it can be highly contagious between others, and the National Institutes of health calls it an “infectious disease”. This comes from who we are around a lot, and interact with and this can highly affect people and can generate real feelings of mental illness.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-43)\n\nKey matters in postvention responses for young people include: community context, life stage relevance of responses, identification, and referral (Postvention Co-ordination), developing a suite of services, and creating ongoing options. By addressing these key matters in postvention responses for young people, communities can provide effective support and promote healing in the aftermath of a suicide loss. Collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and a focus on the unique needs of young people are essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable postvention strategies.\n\n## Prevention\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Prevention\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg\/250px-988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg)\n\n[Crisis hotlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_hotline \"Crisis hotline\"), such as the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline \"988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\"), enable people to get immediate emergency telephone counselling.\n\nOne can help prevent adolescent suicide by discouraging isolation, addressing a child's depression which is correlated with suicide, getting rid of any objects that a child could use to attempt suicide, and simply paying attention to what the child does or feels.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-44) Schools can also play an important part by encouraging adolescents to engage in social activities and fostering a sense of belonging, helping to prevent or lessen feelings of isolation.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32)\n\nIncorporating suicide prevention education into the school curriculum can increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide students with the knowledge and skills to recognize warning signs in themselves and their peers. Age-appropriate discussions about mental health, coping strategies, and help-seeking behaviors can be integrated into various subjects or delivered through specialized programs.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-45)\n\nWhen students think that they are unsafe or unaccepted it is often due to bullying from other students, not necessarily the school itself (although the kinds of environments fostered by schools can also contribute).\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Implementing strict policies regarding bullying and\/or harassment would greatly benefit students because victims are more likely to consider suicide due to a lack of support from schools and adults.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-46)\n\nAs food insecurity contributes to suicidal thoughts and behaviour in adolescents, targeting this social disadvantage could be an important part of suicide prevention, particularly in countries where food insecurity is uncommon.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:3-12)\n\n[![Hand holding up green beads](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/86\/I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg\/250px-I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg)\n\nGreen beads represents a person struggle or attempt [\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-47)\n\n[Suicide Prevention Resource Center](https:\/\/www.sprc.org\/) provides professional information and resources on suicide prevention.\n\nPrevention resources for parents, guardians, social workers, teachers, school staff, peers:\n\n- [Sibshops](https:\/\/www.siblingsupport.org\/about-sibshops) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201130234810\/https:\/\/www.siblingsupport.org\/about-sibshops) 30 November 2020 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n- [Youth Mental Health First Aid](https:\/\/www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org\/population-focused-modules\/youth\/)\n- More can be found on U.S. Department of Health & Human Services website for [Mental Health in Adolescent](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200827232524\/https:\/\/opa.hhs.gov\/adolescent-health?adolescent-development\/mental-health\/index.html)\n\n[National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for Youth](https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/help-yourself\/youth\/) provides resources and information for teens and adolescents such as:\n\n- [The Trevor Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trevor_Project \"The Trevor Project\")[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-48)\n- You Matter[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-49)\n- StopBullying.gov[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-50)\n- Love is Respect[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-51)\n- [Ditch the Label](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ditch_the_Label \"Ditch the Label\")\n\n## Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000)\")\\]\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg\/60px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png) | This section needs to be **updated**. The reason given is: The most recent information in the table is from 2002. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. *(December 2024)* |\n\n| Country | Year of Data | Rate of Males | Rate of Females | Total |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Sri Lanka | 1986 | 43\\.9 | 49\\.3 | 46\\.5 |\n| Lithuania | 2002 | 38\\.4 | 8\\.8 | 23\\.9 |\n| Russian Federation | 2002 | 38\\.5 | 8\\.3 | 23\\.6 |\n| Kazakhstan | 2002 | 31\\.2 | 10\\.5 | 21\\.0 |\n| Luxembourg | 2002 | 23\\.5 | 8\\.2 | 16\\.0 |\n| New Zealand | 2000 | 22\\.3 | 8\\.2 | 15\\.3 |\n| El Salvador | 1993 | 13\\.2 | 15\\.8 | 14\\.5 |\n| Belarus | 2001 | 23\\.6 | 3\\.9 | 14\\.0 |\n| Estonia | 2002 | 24\\.1 | 1\\.9 | 13\\.2 |\n| Turkmenistan | 1998 | 16\\.6 | 8\\.8 | 12\\.8 |\n| Ukraine | 2000 | 19\\.6 | 4\\.9 | 12\\.4 |\n| Ireland | 2000 | 19\\.8 | 4\\.3 | 12\\.3 |\n| Mauritius | 2000 | 10\\.1 | 12\\.5 | 11\\.3 |\n| Norway | 2001 | 15\\.3 | 6\\.2 | 10\\.9 |\n| Canada | 2000 | 16\\.3 | 5\\.2 | 10\\.8 |\n| Latvia | 2002 | 16\\.9 | 4\\.4 | 10\\.8 |\n| Kyrgyzstan | 2002 | 15\\.2 | 4\\.8 | 10\\.0 |\n| Austria | 2002 | 15\\.1 | 3\\.8 | 9\\.6 |\n| Trinidad and Tobago | 1994 | 8\\.9 | 10\\.5 | 9\\.6 |\n| Finland | 2002 | 15\\.0 | 3\\.8 | 9\\.5 |\n| Uzbekistan | 2000 | 12\\.5 | 6\\.4 | 9\\.5 |\n| Belgium | 1997 | 14\\.5 | 3\\.9 | 9\\.3 |\n| Cuba | 1996 | 6\\.1 | 12\\.5 | 9\\.2 |\n| Ecuador | 1991 | 6\\.9 | 11\\.4 | 9\\.1 |\n| Australia | 2001 | 13\\.8 | 3\\.8 | 8\\.9 |\n| Singapore | 2001 | 9\\.2 | 7\\.8 | 8\\.5 |\n| Poland | 2001 | 14\\.1 | 2\\.4 | 8\\.4 |\n| Switzerland | 2000 | 12\\.6 | 4\\.0 | 8\\.4 |\n| Croatia | 2002 | 14\\.0 | 2\\.1 | 8\\.2 |\n| US | 2000 | 13\\.0 | 2\\.7 | 8\\.0 |\n| Slovenia | 1987 | 12\\.0 | 3\\.1 | 7\\.6 |\n| Hungary | 2002 | 11\\.2 | 3\\.8 | 7\\.5 |\n| Japan | 2000 | 8\\.8 | 3\\.8 | 6\\.4 |\n| Uruguay | 1990 | 8\\.3 | 3\\.9 | 6\\.2 |\n| Bulgaria | 2002 | 9\\.2 | 2\\.3 | 5\\.8 |\n| Czech Republic | 2001 | 9\\.5 | 1\\.8 | 5\\.7 |\n| Argentina | 1996 | 7\\.1 | 4\\.0 | 5\\.6 |\n| Costa Rica | 1995 | 7\\.1 | 4\\.0 | 5\\.6 |\n| Germany | 2001 | 8\\.7 | 2\\.4 | 5\\.6 |\n| Thailand | 1994 | 6\\.1 | 5\\.1 | 5\\.6 |\n| Colombia | 1994 | 6\\.7 | 4\\.2 | 5\\.5 |\n| Venezuela | 1994 | 7\\.1 | 3\\.8 | 5\\.5 |\n| Republic of Korea | 2001 | 5\\.9 | 4\\.9 | 5\\.4 |\n| Hong Kong | 1999 | 5\\.1 | 5\\.3 | 5\\.2 |\n| France | 1999 | 7\\.5 | 2\\.5 | 5\\.0 |\n| Denmark | 1999 | 9\\.0 | 0\\.7 | 4\\.9 |\n| Israel | 1999 | 8\\.7 | 0\\.0 | 4\\.9 |\n| Romania | 2002 | 7\\.0 | 2\\.2 | 4\\.7 |\n| Netherlands | 2000 | 7\\.4 | 1\\.8 | 4\\.6 |\n| Sweden | 2001 | 5\\.7 | 2\\.8 | 4\\.3 |\n| Brazil\\* | 1995 | 5\\.7 | 2\\.6 | 4\\.2 |\n| Puerto Rico | 1992 | 8\\.3 | 0\\.0 | 4\\.2 |\n| United Kingdom | 1999 | 6\\.5 | 1\\.8 | 4\\.2 |\n| Republic of Moldova | 2002 | 7\\.1 | 1\\.1 | 4\\.1 |\n| China\\* | 1999 | 3\\.2 | 4\\.8 | 4\\.0 |\n| Slovakia | 2002 | 5\\.8 | 1\\.9 | 3\\.9 |\n| Chile | 1994 | 6\\.2 | 1\\.3 | 3\\.8 |\n| Mexico | 1995 | 5\\.1 | 2\\.3 | 3\\.7 |\n| Spain | 2000 | 5\\.3 | 1\\.4 | 3\\.4 |\n| Panama | 1987 | 4\\.6 | 1\\.6 | 3\\.1 |\n| Albania | 2001 | 2\\.8 | 3\\.3 | 3\\.0 |\n| Dominican Republic | 1985 | 2\\.7 | 3\\.2 | 2\\.9 |\n| Italy | 2000 | 3\\.6 | 1\\.7 | 2\\.7 |\n| Macedonia | 2000 | 1\\.2 | 3\\.7 | 2\\.4 |\n| Tajikistan | 1999 | 3\\.3 | 0\\.9 | 2\\.1 |\n| Portugal | 2000 | 2\\.6 | 0\\.9 | 1\\.8 |\n| Greece | 1999 | 2\\.7 | 0\\.6 | 1\\.7 |\n| Peru | 1983 | 1\\.3 | 0\\.7 | 1\\.0 |\n\nInformation taken from *World Psychiatry*, the official journal of the [World Psychiatric Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Psychiatric_Association \"World Psychiatric Association\").[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_note-52) Numbers are per 100,000.\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [Suicide among LGBT youth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_LGBT_youth \"Suicide among LGBT youth\")\n- [Depression in childhood and adolescence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Depression_in_childhood_and_adolescence \"Depression in childhood and adolescence\")\n- [List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying \"List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying\")\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-1)**\n   Gould, Madelyn S.; Greenberg, Ted; Velting, Drew M.; Shaffer, David (April 2003). [\"Youth Suicide Risk and Preventive Interventions: A Review of the Past 10 Years\"](https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0890856709609114). *Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry*. **42** (4): 386–405\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1097\/01.CHI.0000046821.95464.CF](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097%2F01.CHI.0000046821.95464.CF). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [12649626](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12649626).\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-2)** The Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian\\[*[full citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Suicide\"](https:\/\/www.nimh.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/suicide). *National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)*. Retrieved 27 March 2023.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"AAP-AACAP-CHA Declaration of a National Emergency in Child and Adolescent Mental Health\"](https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/advocacy\/child-and-adolescent-healthy-mental-development\/aap-aacap-cha-declaration-of-a-national-emergency-in-child-and-adolescent-mental-health\/). *www.aap.org*. Retrieved 27 March 2023.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-5)**\n   Radhakrishnan, Lakshmi (2022). [\"Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Associated with Mental Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–January 2022\"](https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/71\/wr\/mm7108e2.htm). *MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report*. **71** (8): 319–324\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.15585\/mmwr.mm7108e2](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7108e2). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0149-2195](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0149-2195). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [35202358](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35202358).\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:5_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:5_6-1)\n   Swanson, Sonja A.; Colman, Ian (9 July 2013). [\"Association between exposure to suicide and suicidality outcomes in youth\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3707992). *Canadian Medical Association Journal*. **185** (10): 870–877\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1503\/cmaj.121377](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503%2Fcmaj.121377). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0820-3946](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0820-3946). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [3707992](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3707992). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [23695600](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23695600).\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-7)** SunnyKids 2010\\[*[full citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\]\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"Federal Parliament Health and Ageing Standing Committee Inquiry into Youth Suicide\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110108195633\/http:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/house\/committee\/haa\/youthsuicide\/index.htm%20). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.aph.gov.au\/house\/committee\/haa\/youthsuicide\/index.htm%20) on 8 January 2011.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-9)**\n   Melhem, Nadine; Moutier, Christine Yu; Brent, David A. (April 2023). [\"Implementing Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention Strategies for Greatest Impact\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10172552). *FOCUS*. **21** (2): 117–128\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1176\/appi.focus.20220078](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176%2Fappi.focus.20220078). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1541-4094](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1541-4094). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [10172552](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10172552). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [37201145](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37201145).\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-GM_10-0)**\n    Picard, André (28 September 2011). [\"A four-part action plan in the battle against teen suicide\"](https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/life\/health-and-fitness\/health\/conditions\/a-four-part-action-plan-in-the-battle-against-teen-suicide\/article559141\/). *[The Globe and Mail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Globe_and_Mail \"The Globe and Mail\")*. Retrieved 13 October 2011.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-11)**\n    Rengasamy, Manivel; Sylvester, Christie; Shulman, Joshua; Pizon, Anthony (2020). [\"Contemporary Characteristics and Lethality Correlates of Serious Suicide Attempts in Children and Adolescents\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01615.x). *Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior*. **50** (3): 714–723\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1111\/sltb.12615](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fsltb.12615). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32003058](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32003058). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [210983176](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:210983176). Retrieved 27 October 2020.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:3_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:3_12-1)\n    Steare, Thomas; Lewis, Gemma; Evans-Lacko, Sara; Pitman, Alexandra; Rose-Clarke, Kelly; Patalay, Praveetha (11 December 2023). [\"Food Insecurity, Adolescent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors, and Country-Level Context: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Analysis\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11139653). *Journal of Adolescent Health*. **74** (3): 545–555\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/j.jadohealth.2023.10.018](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2023.10.018). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [11139653](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC11139653). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [38085207](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38085207).\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-13)**\n    Kastenbaum, Robert J. (2012). *Death, Society, and Human Experience*. Boston: Pearson. pp. 199–200\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-205-00108-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-205-00108-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-205-00108-8\")\n    \n    .\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-mercer_14-0)** [Rick Mercer joins the It Gets Better campaign](https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/newfoundland-labrador\/rick-mercer-joins-it-gets-better-campaign-1.967052). CBC News, 2010-11-02. Retrieved 2011-10-13.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-born_15-0)** [Born This Way](http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/paul-v\/born-this-way_b_1003991.html) Paul V. creates a safe online haven for LGBT teens as a suicide prevention measure. *Huffington Post,* 2011-10-12. Retrieved 2011-10-13.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-kiwicommons_16-0)**\n    [\"Kiwi Commons created the \"I Get Bullied Too!\" campaign to help amplify the voices of bullying and digital abuse victims\"](https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pages\/I-Get-Bullied-Too\/168680029884486). *[Facebook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facebook \"Facebook\")*. 1 October 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2011.\n    \n    \\[*[better source needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:NOTRS \"Wikipedia:NOTRS\")*\\]\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"Stop Youth Suicide Campaign\"](http:\/\/www.stopyouthsuicide.com\/). *www.stopyouthsuicide.com*. Retrieved 27 January 2018.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-18)**\n    Chang, Cindy J.; Fehling, Kara Binder; Selby, Edward A. (2020). [\"Sexual Minority Status and Psychological Risk for Suicide Attempt: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model of Social Support and Emotion Regulation\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7237718). *Frontiers in Psychiatry*. **11** 385. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00385](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2020.00385). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1664-0640](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1664-0640). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7237718](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7237718). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32477181](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32477181).\n19. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:1_19-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:1_19-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:1_19-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:1_19-3)\n    Marshal, Michael P.; Dietz, Laura J.; Friedman, Mark S.; Stall, Ron; Smith, Helen A.; McGinley, James; Thoma, Brian C.; Murray, Pamela J.; D'Augelli, Anthony R. (August 2011). [\"Suicidality and Depression Disparities Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3649127). *Journal of Adolescent Health*. **49** (2): 115–123\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.02.005](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2011.02.005). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [3649127](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3649127). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [21783042](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/21783042).\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-20)**\n    [Suicidality Disparities by Sexual Identity Persist from Adolescence into Young Adulthood](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211029064834\/https:\/\/www.thetrevorproject.org\/research-briefs\/suicidality-disparities-by-sexual-identity-persist-from-adolescence-into-young-adulthood\/) (Report). [The Trevor Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trevor_Project \"The Trevor Project\"). 31 August 2021. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.thetrevorproject.org\/research-briefs\/suicidality-disparities-by-sexual-identity-persist-from-adolescence-into-young-adulthood) on 29 October 2021.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-21)**\n    Kennedy, Andrew; Genç, Murat; Owen, P. Dorian (2021). [\"The Association Between Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and Youth Deaths by Suicide: A Multimethod Counterfactual Analysis\"](https:\/\/www.jahonline.org\/article\/S1054-139X\\(21\\)00066-5\/fulltext). *Journal of Adolescent Health*. **68** (6): 1176–1182\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.01.033](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2021.01.033). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1054-139X](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1054-139X). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [33812751](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33812751). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [233028334](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:233028334).\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-22)**\n    Henderson, Emmett R.; Goldbach, Jeremy T.; Blosnich, John R. (1 September 2022). [\"Social Determinants of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health\"](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40501-022-00269-z). *Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry*. **9** (3): 229–245\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1007\/s40501-022-00269-z](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2Fs40501-022-00269-z). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [2196-3061](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2196-3061).\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:6_23-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:6_23-1)\n    [\"Black Adolescent Suicide Rate Reveals Urgent Need to Address Mental Health Care Barriers\"](https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/articles\/2024\/04\/22\/black-adolescent-suicide-rate-reveals-urgent-need-to-address-mental-health-care-barriers). *pew.org*. 22 April 2024. Retrieved 26 March 2025.\n24. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:7_24-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:7_24-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:7_24-2) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA): Black Youth Suicide Prevention. Publication No. PEP24-01-034. Rockville, MD: Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2024.\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:8_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:8_25-1)\n    [\"Most U.S. Adults Remain Unaware of 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline\"](https:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/articles\/2023\/05\/23\/most-us-adults-remain-unaware-of-988-suicide-and-crisis-lifeline). *pew.org*. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2025.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-26)**\n    Swanson, Sonja; Colman, Ian (2013). [\"Association between exposure to suicide and suicidality outcomes in youth\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3707992). *Canadian Medical Association Journal*. **185** (10): 870–877\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1503\/cmaj.121377](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503%2Fcmaj.121377). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [3707992](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3707992). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [23695600](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23695600).\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-27)**\n    Niederkrotenthaler, Thomas (2012). \"Exposure to Parental Mortality and Markers of Morbidity, and the Risks of Attempted and Completed Suicide in Offspring: an Analysis of Sensitive Life Periods\". *Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health*. **66** (3): 233–239\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1136\/jech.2010.109595](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136%2Fjech.2010.109595). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [20924054](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20924054). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [42868869](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:42868869).\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-28)**\n    Hawton, K.; Saunders, K. E.; O'Connor, R. C. (2012). \"Self-harm and suicide in adolescents\". *[The Lancet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Lancet \"The Lancet\")*. **379** (9834): 2373–2382\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60322-5](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2812%2960322-5). 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[S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\\(identifier\\) \"S2CID (identifier)\") [42612070](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:42612070).\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-30)**\n    Upadhyaya, Ajaya (1999). \"Attempted Suicide in Older Depressed Patients: Effect of Cognitive Functioning\". *The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry*. **7** (4): 317–20\\. [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [10521164](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10521164).\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-31)**\n    Gysin-Maillart, Anja (2016). [\"A Novel Brief Therapy for Patients Who Attempt Suicide: A 24-Months Follow-Up Randomized Controlled Study of the Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program (ASSIP)\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4773217). *PLOS Medicine*. **13** (3): e1001968. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1371\/journal.pmed.1001968](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001968). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4773217](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4773217). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [26930055](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26930055).\n32. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:4_32-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:4_32-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:4_32-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:4_32-3)\n    Ormiston, Cameron K.; Lawrence, Wayne R.; Sulley, Saanie; Shiels, Meredith S.; Haozous, Emily A.; Pichardo, Catherine M.; Stephens, Erica S.; Thomas, Aleah L.; Adzrago, David; Williams, David R.; Williams, Faustine (29 March 2024). [\"Trends in Adolescent Suicide by Method in the US, 1999-2020\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10980967). *JAMA Network Open*. **7** (3): e244427. 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Retrieved 7 May 2024.\n34. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:0_34-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:0_34-1)\n    Fraser, Sarah; Geofroy, Dominique; Chachamovich, Eduardo (3 April 2015). \"Changing Rates of Suicide Ideation and Attempts Among Inuit Youth: A Gender-Based Analysis of Risk and Protective Factors\". *Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior*. **45** (2): 141–156\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1111\/sltb.12122](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111%2Fsltb.12122). 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[ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-7377-2428-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7377-2428-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7377-2428-8\")\n    \n    .\n37. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:2_37-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:2_37-1)\n    Ivey-Stephenson, Asha Z. (2020). [\"Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7440198). *MMWR Supplements*. **69** (1): 47–55\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.15585\/mmwr.su6901a6](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585%2Fmmwr.su6901a6). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [2380-8950](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2380-8950). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7440198](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7440198). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32817610](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32817610).\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-38)**\n    [The Trevor Project Research Brief: Accepting Adults Reduce Suicide Attempts Among LGBTQ Youth](https:\/\/www.thetrevorproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Trevor-Project-Accepting-Adult-Research-Brief_June-2019.pdf) (PDF) (Report). [The Trevor Project](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trevor_Project \"The Trevor Project\"). June 2019.\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-39)**\n    Ormiston, Cameron K.; Williams, Faustine (5 February 2022). [\"LGBTQ youth mental health during COVID-19: unmet needs in public health and policy\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8813090). *Lancet*. **399** (10324): 501–503\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02872-5](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2821%2902872-5). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1474-547X](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1474-547X). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [8813090](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8813090). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [34953522](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34953522).\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-40)**\n    Ormiston, Cameron K. (1 September 2023). [\"LGBTQ youth mental health and COVID: where we are & next steps\"](https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/pubhef-2023-0041\/html). *Public Health Forum*. **31** (3): 155–157\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1515\/pubhef-2023-0041](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515%2Fpubhef-2023-0041). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1876-4851](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1876-4851).\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-41)** [Head High Fact Sheet 1](http:\/\/www.sunnykids.org.au\/pdf\/print-media\/Children's%20Commission%20Head%20High%20Submission%202009.pdf) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110823025411\/http:\/\/www.sunnykids.org.au\/pdf\/print-media\/Children's%20Commission%20Head%20High%20Submission%202009.pdf) August 23, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-42)**\n    [\"Home\"](https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/). *suicidepreventionlifeline.org*. Retrieved 20 November 2019.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-43)**\n    Golberstein, Ezra; Whitlock, Janis L.; Downs, Marilyn F. (August 2013). [\"Social contagion of mental health: Evidence from college roommates\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4381550). *Health Economics*. **22** (8): 965–986\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1002\/hec.2873](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fhec.2873). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1057-9230](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1057-9230). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [4381550](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4381550). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [23055446](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23055446).\n44. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-44)**\n    [\"Teen suicide: What parents need to know – Mayo Clinic\"](http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/healthy-lifestyle\/tween-and-teen-health\/in-depth\/teen-suicide\/art-20044308?pg=2). *www.mayoclinic.org*. Retrieved 26 October 2016.\n45. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-45)**\n    [\"A Comprehensive Approach to Suicide Awareness and Prevention\"](https:\/\/www.edutopia.org\/article\/suicide-awareness-and-prevention\/). *Edutopia*. Retrieved 7 May 2024.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-46)**\n    admin (7 July 2015). [\"Bullying and Suicide\"](http:\/\/www.bullyingstatistics.org\/content\/bullying-and-suicide.html). *Bullying Statistics*. Retrieved 7 May 2024.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-47)**\n    [\"Honor Beads\"](https:\/\/supporting.afsp.org\/?fuseaction=cms.page&id=1510). *American Foundation for Suicide Prevention*. Retrieved 7 May 2024.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"The Trevor Project — Saving Young LGBTQ Lives\"](https:\/\/www.thetrevorproject.org\/). *The Trevor Project*. Retrieved 20 November 2019.\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-49)**\n    [\"You Matter\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190704060526\/https:\/\/youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/). *youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/) on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-50)**\n    [\"StopBullying.gov\"](https:\/\/www.stopbullying.gov\/). *StopBullying.gov*. Retrieved 20 November 2019.\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-51)**\n    [\"Home – loveisrespect\"](https:\/\/www.loveisrespect.org\/). *Loveisrespect.org*. Retrieved 20 November 2019.\n52. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-52)**\n    [WASSERMAN, DANUTA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danuta_Wasserman \"Danuta Wasserman\"); CHENG, QI; JIANG, GUO-XIN (June 2005). [\"Global suicide rates among young people aged 15–19\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1414751). *World Psychiatry*. **4** (2): 114–120\\. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1723-8617](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1723-8617). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [1414751](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1414751). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [16633527](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/16633527).\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- [Your Life Counts\\!](https:\/\/yourlifecounts.org\/), Canada\n- [Suicide Prevention Lifeline](https:\/\/suicidepreventionlifeline.org\/), U.S.\n- [The It Gets Better Project](https:\/\/itgetsbetter.org\/) created by [Dan Savage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dan_Savage \"Dan Savage\")\n- [Reducing Youth Suicide in Queensland](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110106205353\/http:\/\/www.ccypcg.qld.gov.au\/resources\/rysq\/index.html)\n- [Report on early intervention programs aimed at preventing youth suicide](http:\/\/catalogue.nla.gov.au\/Record\/5514884) Australia\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Suicide_navbox \"Template:Suicide navbox\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Suicide_navbox \"Template talk:Suicide navbox\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Suicide_navbox \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Suicide navbox\")[Suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide \"Suicide\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Suicide crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_crisis \"Suicide crisis\") | [Assessment of suicide risk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assessment_of_suicide_risk \"Assessment of suicide risk\") [Crisis hotline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_hotline \"Crisis hotline\") [list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicide_crisis_lines \"List of suicide crisis lines\") [Suicidal ideation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_ideation \"Suicidal ideation\") [Suicide intervention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_intervention \"Suicide intervention\") [Suicidology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidology \"Suicidology\") [Suicide prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_prevention \"Suicide prevention\") [Suicide watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_watch \"Suicide watch\") [Warning signs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warning_signs_of_suicide \"Warning signs of suicide\") |\n| Social aspects | [Advocacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advocacy_of_suicide \"Advocacy of suicide\") [Altruistic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Altruistic_suicide \"Altruistic suicide\") [Awareness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_awareness \"Suicide awareness\") [Interpersonal theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interpersonal_theory_of_suicide \"Interpersonal theory of suicide\") [Legislation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_legislation \"Suicide legislation\") [Philosophy of suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philosophy_of_suicide \"Philosophy of suicide\") [Religious views](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religious_views_on_suicide \"Religious views on suicide\") [Euthanasia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euthanasia \"Euthanasia\") [Right to die](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Right_to_die \"Right to die\") [Social media and suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_media_and_suicide \"Social media and suicide\") [Suicide survivor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_survivor \"Suicide survivor\") [bereavement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_bereavement \"Suicide bereavement\") [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_literature \"Suicide in literature\") [Terminology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_terminology \"Suicide terminology\") [Suicide and the Internet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_and_the_Internet \"Suicide and the Internet\") |\n| Suicide types | [Assisted suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisted_suicide \"Assisted suicide\") [list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_from_legal_euthanasia_and_assisted_suicide \"List of deaths from legal euthanasia and assisted suicide\") [Bullying and suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bullying_and_suicide \"Bullying and suicide\") [list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_attributed_to_bullying \"List of suicides attributed to bullying\") [Charcoal-burning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charcoal-burning_suicide \"Charcoal-burning suicide\") [Copycat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copycat_suicide \"Copycat suicide\") [Epidemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_epidemic \"Suicide epidemic\") [Familicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Familicide \"Familicide\") [Forced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forced_suicide \"Forced suicide\") [Gunshot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Multiple_gunshot_suicide \"Multiple gunshot suicide\") [Hanging](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_hanging \"Suicide by hanging\") [Honor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honor_suicide \"Honor suicide\") [Immolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-immolation \"Self-immolation\") [Jumping from height](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_jumping_from_height \"Suicide by jumping from height\") [locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicide_sites \"List of suicide sites\") [Mass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_suicide \"Mass suicide\") [Murder–suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder%E2%80%93suicide \"Murder–suicide\") [Vatakkiruttal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatakkiruttal \"Vatakkiruttal\") [Seppuku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seppuku \"Seppuku\") [Sokushinbutsu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sokushinbutsu \"Sokushinbutsu\") [Sallekhana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sallekhana \"Sallekhana\") [Sati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sati_\\(practice\\) \"Sati (practice)\") [Prayopavesa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prayopavesa \"Prayopavesa\") [By train](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rail_suicide \"Rail suicide\") [London Underground](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_on_the_London_Underground \"Suicide on the London Underground\") [Self-sacrifice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-sacrifice \"Self-sacrifice\") [Banzai charge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Banzai_charge \"Banzai charge\") [Kamikaze](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kamikaze \"Kamikaze\") [Senicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Senicide \"Senicide\") [Suicide attack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attack \"Suicide attack\") [By cop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_cop \"Suicide by cop\") [By pilot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_by_pilot \"Suicide by pilot\") [Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_pact \"Suicide pact\") [Suicide pill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_pill \"Suicide pill\") [Vehicular](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vehicular_suicide \"Vehicular suicide\") |\n| [Epidemiology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epidemiology \"Epidemiology\") | [Sex differences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gender_differences_in_suicide \"Gender differences in suicide\") [List of countries by suicide rate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate \"List of countries by suicide rate\") [Antidepressants and suicide risk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antidepressants_and_suicide_risk \"Antidepressants and suicide risk\") |\n| [History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_suicide \"History of suicide\") | [Suicide in antiquity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_antiquity \"Suicide in antiquity\") [List of suicides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides \"List of suicides\") [heads of state and government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_took_their_own_lives \"List of heads of state and government who took their own lives\") [in the 21st century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_suicides_in_the_21st_century \"List of suicides in the 21st century\") |\n| Related | [Animal suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_suicide \"Animal suicide\") [Caring letters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caring_letters \"Caring letters\") [Consensual homicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consensual_homicide \"Consensual homicide\") [Last words](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_words \"Last words\") [Self-harm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Self-harm \"Self-harm\") [Suicide methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_methods \"Suicide methods\") [Suicide note](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_note \"Suicide note\") [Suicide attempt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_attempt \"Suicide attempt\") [Suicide prevention contract](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_prevention_contract \"Suicide prevention contract\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_tourism \"Suicide tourism\") |\n| By demographic | [Autistic people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_autistic_individuals \"Suicide among autistic individuals\") [Doctors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_doctors \"Suicide among doctors\") [LGBTQ people](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people \"Suicide among LGBTQ people\") [list](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_LGBT-related_suicides \"List of LGBT-related suicides\") [Mormon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LGBT_Mormon_suicides \"LGBT Mormon suicides\") [Military](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_the_military \"Suicide in the military\") [Music subcultures](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_music_subcultures \"Suicide in music subcultures\") [Prisoners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prisoner_suicide \"Prisoner suicide\") [Youth]() |\n| By country | [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Afghanistan \"Suicide in Afghanistan\") [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Australia \"Suicide in Australia\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Bangladesh \"Suicide in Bangladesh\") [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Belarus \"Suicide in Belarus\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Bhutan \"Suicide in Bhutan\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Cameroon \"Suicide in Cameroon\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Canada \"Suicide in Canada\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_China \"Suicide in China\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_France \"Suicide in France\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Suicide_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Suicide in Denmark (page does not exist)\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Greenland \"Suicide in Greenland\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Greece \"Suicide in Greece\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Guyana \"Suicide in Guyana\") [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Hong_Kong \"Suicide in Hong Kong\") [student](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Student_suicides_in_Hong_Kong \"Student suicides in Hong Kong\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_India \"Suicide in India\") [youth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Youth_suicide_in_India \"Youth suicide in India\") [farmers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farmers%27_suicides_in_India \"Farmers' suicides in India\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Iran \"Suicide in Iran\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Ireland \"Suicide in Ireland\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Japan \"Suicide in Japan\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Kazakhstan \"Suicide in Kazakhstan\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Lesotho \"Suicide in Lesotho\") [Lithuania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Lithuania \"Suicide in Lithuania\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Mexico \"Suicide in Mexico\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Mozambique \"Suicide in Mozambique\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Nepal \"Suicide in Nepal\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Nigeria \"Suicide in Nigeria\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Pakistan \"Suicide in Pakistan\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Romania \"Suicide in Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Russia \"Suicide in Russia\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Saudi_Arabia \"Suicide in Saudi Arabia\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Singapore \"Suicide in Singapore\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_South_Korea \"Suicide in South Korea\") [LGBT youth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicidal_ideation_in_South_Korean_LGBT_youth \"Suicidal ideation in South Korean LGBT youth\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Spain \"Suicide in Spain\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Sri_Lanka \"Suicide in Sri Lanka\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Sweden \"Suicide in Sweden\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Switzerland \"Suicide in Switzerland\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Ukraine \"Suicide in Ukraine\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Suicide in the United Kingdom\") [Assisted suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Assisted suicide in the United Kingdom\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_the_United_States \"Suicide in the United States\") [Assisted suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States \"Assisted suicide in the United States\") [college](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_colleges_in_the_United_States \"Suicide in colleges in the United States\") [farmers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States \"Farmers' suicides in the United States\") [military veteran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_military_veteran_suicide \"United States military veteran suicide\") [Native American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States \"Suicide among Native Americans in the United States\") [teenage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teenage_suicide_in_the_United_States \"Teenage suicide in the United States\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_in_Uruguay \"Suicide in Uruguay\") |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved 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Boilerpipe Text	Suicide of a young person Youth suicide is when a young person, generally categorized as someone below the legal age of majority , deliberately ends their own life. Rates of youth suicide and attempted youth suicide in Western societies and elsewhere are high. [ vague ] [ citation needed ] Female youth are more likely to attempt suicide than male youth but less likely to die from their attempt. [ 1 ] For example, in Australia , suicide is second only to motor vehicle accidents as its leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25. [ 2 ] In the United States, according to the National Institute of Mental Health , suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, and the third leading cause of death for those between 15 and 19. [ 3 ] In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of ChiId and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the Children's Hospital Association released a joint statement announcing a mental health crisis among American youth . [ 4 ] Emergency room visits for mental health issues have dramatically increased, especially since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic . [ 5 ] Mental health education in schools [ where? ] equips students with the knowledge and skills to recognise signs of distress and seek help. [ citation needed ] Community support programs offer safe spaces for adolescents to express their emotions and receive professional support. [ citation needed ] [ example needed ] Increased access to mental health resources, including hotlines and counseling services, ensures timely intervention and support for at-risk youths. [ citation needed ] These initiatives [ which? ] aim to address the underlying factors [ examples needed ] contributing to youth suicide and promote mental well-being among adolescents. [ not verified in body ] According to research conducted by the Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian in 2007, 39% of all young people who die by suicide have lost someone of influence / significance to them to suicide. [ citation needed ] The Commission terms this suicide contagion and makes several recommendations [ examples needed ] as to the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. Termed "suicide contagion," this phenomenon highlights the ripple effect of suicide within communities and its impact on vulnerable individuals. [ 6 ] When a group of suicides happen around the same time, it is called, clustering. More than 13% of the suicides that happen in adolescents can be explained by clustering. [ 6 ] In 2011 the Australian Federal Parliament Standing Committee for Health and Ageing Inquiry into Youth Suicide met in a round table forum with young representatives from three organizations at the forefront of preventing youth suicide. These organizations included Sunnykids , [ 7 ] Inspire, [ citation needed ] and Boys Town . The Standing Committee has since released a discussion paper highlighting the findings of their inquiry [ 8 ] and will seek to make final recommendations on the most effective means for reducing youth suicide. [ needs update? ] Strategies for preventing suicide contagion encompass a range of approaches, from media guidelines [ example needed ] to community interventions and support for bereaved individuals. Mental health professionals [ vague ] emphasize the importance of responsible media reporting to minimize sensationalization and the risk of contagion. Community-based interventions, such as peer support groups and mental health education programs, [ examples needed ] play a crucial role in promoting resilience and connectedness among vulnerable populations. [ citation needed ] Policymakers collaborate with experts to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing the spread of suicidal behavior and supporting those affected by loss. [ vague ] [ 9 ] The image provides a visual reinforcement of the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. It conveys a message of hope and support, which aligns with the theme of resilience and prevention highlighted in the article. One of the problems facing teenagers at risk of suicide is getting psychiatric counselling when it is needed. [ 10 ] [ better source needed ] Research from 2020 shows that compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents particularly agree that increased cyberbullying and despair are very important factors influencing suicide among adolescents. [ 11 ] [ failed verification ] [ non sequitur ] Access to psychiatric counseling remains a critical issue for teenagers at risk of suicide. Research from early 2020 underscores the significance of cyberbullying and its impact on adolescent mental health. Younger adolescents, in particular, acknowledge the correlation between increased cyberbullying and feelings of despair, which are recognized as significant contributors to suicidal ideation among youths. To address these risk factors effectively, evidence-based interventions and strategies have been implemented. School-based mental health programs offer education and support to students, fostering resilience and coping skills to navigate challenges such as cyberbullying. Support groups provide a safe space for adolescents to share experiences and receive peer support, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting emotional well-being. [ citation needed ] Suicide risk is higher in those experiencing forms of adversity, including food insecurity , which can often lead to stigma, social isolation , shame, sadness and family strain. Suicidal ideation , suicide planning and suicide attempts are also more prevalent in adolescents struggling with food insecurity than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where adolescent food insecurity is rare, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Harassment is a leading cause of teen suicide, along with abuse. Gay teens or those unsure of their sexual identity are more likely to die by suicide, particularly if they have suffered bullying or harassment, as discussed next. The following campaigns have been started in hopes of giving teens hope and abolishing the feeling of isolation. Specific studies have explored the link between harassment and suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, highlighting the detrimental effects of bullying and harassment on mental health and well-being. Initiatives such as It Gets Better , [ 14 ] Born This Way, [ 15 ] I Get Bullied Too, [ 16 ] and Stop Youth Suicide [ 17 ] aim to provide support and encouragement to vulnerable youth, using varying approaches. Lack of impulse control has been found to differentiate adolescent suicide attempters from a control group of adolescents with an acute illness (Slap, Vorters, Chaudhuri, & Centor, 1988). However, impulsivity does not characterize all suicide attempters, since group comparisons have found no differences between suicidal patients and psychiatric controls on a measure of cognitive impulsivity (Patsiokas, Clum, & Luscomb, 1979). Instead, impulsivity may be important in identifying high-risk subgroups. Sexual minority youth and suicide [ edit ] Youth that fall under the category of sexual minorities are at an elevated risk of depression and succumbing to self-harm. Research indicates that sexual minority youth are at increased risk of experiencing mental health issues compared to their heterosexual peers. Among the population of sexual minority youth, on average, 28% explain having past experiences with suicidal actions and/or thoughts. Studies have also shown that this is due to “perceived burdensomeness, low sense of belonging, and acquired ability to enact lethal self injury.” [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Lesbian and gay youth are the group most likely to face negative experiences, leading to a higher likelihood of the development of suicidal thoughts according to mental care professionals. Additionally, bisexual youth face an even higher likelihood of suicidality, with reports indicating that they are five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Bisexuality also carries a higher likelihood of suicidality with bisexuals being five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions. [ 19 ] Sexual minority youth also report a higher incidence of substance abuse when compared to heterosexuals. [ 19 ] Overall, studies suggest that sexual minority youth carry a higher incidence of suicide and depression, and that reforms centered on alleviating minority stigma attenuate this disparity. [ 21 ] In conclusion, sexual minority youth face elevated rates of depression, self-harm, and suicidality due to a combination of societal discrimination, familial rejection, and lack of support. Addressing these mental health disparities requires comprehensive efforts to reduce minority stress, promote social support, and provide affirming mental health services. By addressing the unique challenges faced by sexual minority youth, we can work towards creating more inclusive and supportive environments that foster positive mental health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. [ 22 ] Black youth suicide [ edit ] While the overall youth suicide rate has been trending down, the Black youth suicide rose 144% between 2007 and 2020. [ 23 ] Black youth ages 5-12 were almost twice as likely to die by suicide than their White counterparts, and Black youth ages 14-18 had a higher rate of suicide attempts than White and Hispanic youth. [ 24 ] Black youth are less likely to receive mental health treatment compared to their white counterparts and less likely to use crisis hotlines. [ 23 ] [ 25 ] Healthcare disparities between Black and white families play a significant role in this situation. Black families are more likely to face barriers such as inadequate insurance coverage, long wait times for care, and a shortage of Black mental health professionals who can provide culturally responsive therapy. [ 24 ] This may discourage folks from seeking out the mental health care they need in times of crisis. Similarly, Black individuals are more likely to distrust healthcare systems and have concerns about law enforcement involvement during a mental health crisis than their white counterparts. [ 25 ] In times of mental health crisis, folks are looking for resources that are trusted and helpful, not ones that they fear may cause further repercussions. [ 24 ] Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide [ edit ] Exposure to suicide, previous attempts of suicide, and age are some of the most influential factors of young individuals and their probability of dying by suicide. Adolescent exposure to suicide through classmates has caused researchers to hypothesize suicide as a contagion. They note how a child's exposure to suicide predicts suicide ideation and attempts. [ 26 ] Previous exposure to suicide through parental attempts have also been found to have a 3.5% increase in a youth's probability of having suicidal thoughts, with a 2.6% increased chance of them attempting suicide. [ 27 ] Aggression in families and its transference can be one of the main causes of transmission of suicidal tendencies in families. [ 28 ] Previous attempts of suicide also play a major role in a youth attempting suicide again. On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. [ 29 ] Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously attempted suicide, with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population. [ 30 ] On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously attempted suicide , with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population. Age and experience also factor in suicide. It has been found that older, more experienced populations take more time to plan, choose deadlier methods, and have greater suicidal intent. This results in them eventually committing suicide at a higher rate than their younger counterparts. [ 31 ] A US nationwide study of adolescent suicides found increasing rates of firearm, poisoning, and hanging and asphyxiation suicides among American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander youth from 1999-2020. [ 32 ] The International Association for Suicide Prevention looked at multiple different studies and accessed them based on what it being done and how successful certain methods are when it comes to suicide. When people received care from people such as (nurses, psychologists, or social workers) the rates of suicide depressed substantially. This is due to the fact that they received different resources and treatments such as psychotherapy that helped them with their depression. A specific program that seems to be quite successful is the IMPACT program which is an abbreviation for Improving Mood- Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment. Those in this group experienced a greater quality of life, lower rates of depression, and suicidal ideation. Some key aspects of this program is the development of a therapeutic alliance, a personalized treatment plan that includes a patient's preferences, and proactive follow ups. Sometimes following up and going through these treatments can be a long process or even expensive which is why this study also explains how successful telephone counseling is as well. This type of intervention has been statistically proven to be successful. Bereavement among young people [ edit ] The primary goals of suicide postvention include assisting the survivors of suicide with the grief process, along with identifying and referring those survivors who may be at risk for negative outcomes such as depressive and anxiety disorders , and suicidal behavior. Experts in mental health stress the importance of postvention as a critical component of suicide prevention. Dr. Jane Smith, a leading psychologist specializing in grief counseling, explains, "Postvention is not only about helping survivors heal; it's also a proactive approach to prevent further tragedies. By closely supporting and monitoring those affected by a suicide, we can identify early signs of distress and intervene before another crisis occurs." This approach underscores the dual purpose of postvention—alleviating immediate grief and preventing future incidents by offering targeted support and resources. With 42% of youth suicides being suicide bereavement (or contagion) related – further research and investment must be made into supporting this group of people. A few suggestions to make sure the support is effective include making the individuals feel connected and understood. [ 33 ] Mental health is one of the largest causes of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Many people who have experienced trauma and abuse, result in struggles with mental health. The National Institution of Health depicts the most common types of mental illness. Some being panic disorders, phobias, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, GAD, and depression, however, this is not to say there aren’t many other different disorders and mental illnesses out there. Two possible determinants to suicide attempts are lifetime sexual abuse and adult physical violence . [ 34 ] Among participants aged 18–25, the odds ratios for lifetime sexual abuse and adult physical violence are 4.27 and 3.85, [ 34 ] respectively. In other words, those who died by suicide are 327% more likely to have experienced lifetime sexual assault. Similarly, a suicide victim is 285% more likely to have suffered physical violence as an adult. Based on a survey done on American high school students, 16% reported considering suicide and 8% reported attempting suicide sometime within the 12 months before taking the survey. [ 35 ] Between 1980 and 1994, the suicide rates of young black males doubled. American Indians and Alaska Natives die by suicide at a higher rate than any other ethnic group in the United States. [ 36 ] In India , one-third of suicides are young people 15–29 . In 2002, 154,000 suicides were recorded in India. In the United States, about 60 percent of suicides are carried out with a gun. In states with stricter gun laws, gun suicide rates decreased over these past two decades. In these states with these stronger gun laws the rates of gun suicide among ages 10–24 was lower in 2022 than in 1999. Some Aboriginal teens and gay or lesbian teens are at high risk, depending on their community and their own self-esteem. Several campaigns have been started to give them hope and help them to feel less isolated. The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which the CDC conducted, found that between 2009 and 2018, suicide rates among adolescents aged 14–18 years increased by 61.7%. [ 37 ] Furthermore, the CDC reported that in 2019, among American adolescents in grades 9 to 12: [ 37 ] 18.8% of students reported seriously considering attempting suicide 15.7% of students made a suicide plan 8.9% of students attempted suicide One organization in Australia has found that young people who feel connected, supported, and understood are less likely to die by suicide. It is understood that many young people who struggle with suicidal thoughts and behaviors often feel alone or like nobody understands how they feel, so it is extremely important to make them feel connected with their community. The National Center for Biotech Information explains that “Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of school connectedness” giving results that show the more connected peers are, the lower the risk is of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. "LGBTQ youth who report having at least one accepting adult were 40% less likely to report a suicide attempt in the past year, Over one quarter of LGBTQ youth who did not have at least one supporting or accepting adult in their life (over 17%) reported attempting suicide in the past year.” [ 38 ] The COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated these situations for LGBTQ youth. [ 39 ] [ 40 ] Reports on the attitudes of young people identified as at risk of suicide have been released. [ 41 ] Such reports support the notion that connectedness, a sense of being supported and respected, is a protective factor for young people at risk of suicide. According to Pueblo Suicide Prevention Center (PSPC) for some reason kids today are experiencing more pressure. [ citation needed ] There are many strategies that one can do to be more supported and connected with others, like joining a club or support group and becoming more involved with the community. Spending more time with others and creating a close and trusted community can be very supportive like a safe space. Engaging in new activities or becoming more involved in different hobbies can be a great way to become more connected and feel more secure and supported by others. Events that bring people together for the cause can be very impactful for awareness and connection. For immediate help, one can contact SAMHSA's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255). [ 42 ] Issues for communities [ edit ] Intervention issues for communities to address include suicide contagion, developmental understanding of suicide, development and suicide risk, and the influence of culture. [ 32 ] Implement responsible media reporting guidelines to minimize sensationalization of suicide, train gatekeepers (such as teachers, healthcare providers, and community leaders) to recognize and respond to warning signs, and promote positive coping mechanisms and help-seeking behaviors. [ 32 ] Mental health issues and the effects of it can be highly contagious between others, and the National Institutes of health calls it an “infectious disease”. This comes from who we are around a lot, and interact with and this can highly affect people and can generate real feelings of mental illness. [ 43 ] Key matters in postvention responses for young people include: community context, life stage relevance of responses, identification, and referral (Postvention Co-ordination), developing a suite of services, and creating ongoing options. By addressing these key matters in postvention responses for young people, communities can provide effective support and promote healing in the aftermath of a suicide loss. Collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and a focus on the unique needs of young people are essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable postvention strategies. Crisis hotlines , such as the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline , enable people to get immediate emergency telephone counselling. One can help prevent adolescent suicide by discouraging isolation, addressing a child's depression which is correlated with suicide, getting rid of any objects that a child could use to attempt suicide, and simply paying attention to what the child does or feels. [ 44 ] Schools can also play an important part by encouraging adolescents to engage in social activities and fostering a sense of belonging, helping to prevent or lessen feelings of isolation. [ 32 ] Incorporating suicide prevention education into the school curriculum can increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide students with the knowledge and skills to recognize warning signs in themselves and their peers. Age-appropriate discussions about mental health, coping strategies, and help-seeking behaviors can be integrated into various subjects or delivered through specialized programs. [ 45 ] When students think that they are unsafe or unaccepted it is often due to bullying from other students, not necessarily the school itself (although the kinds of environments fostered by schools can also contribute). [ citation needed ] Implementing strict policies regarding bullying and/or harassment would greatly benefit students because victims are more likely to consider suicide due to a lack of support from schools and adults. [ 46 ] As food insecurity contributes to suicidal thoughts and behaviour in adolescents, targeting this social disadvantage could be an important part of suicide prevention, particularly in countries where food insecurity is uncommon. [ 12 ] Green beads represents a person struggle or attempt [ 47 ] Suicide Prevention Resource Center provides professional information and resources on suicide prevention. Prevention resources for parents, guardians, social workers, teachers, school staff, peers: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for Youth provides resources and information for teens and adolescents such as: Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000) [ edit ] Country Year of Data Rate of Males Rate of Females Total Sri Lanka 1986 43.9 49.3 46.5 Lithuania 2002 38.4 8.8 23.9 Russian Federation 2002 38.5 8.3 23.6 Kazakhstan 2002 31.2 10.5 21.0 Luxembourg 2002 23.5 8.2 16.0 New Zealand 2000 22.3 8.2 15.3 El Salvador 1993 13.2 15.8 14.5 Belarus 2001 23.6 3.9 14.0 Estonia 2002 24.1 1.9 13.2 Turkmenistan 1998 16.6 8.8 12.8 Ukraine 2000 19.6 4.9 12.4 Ireland 2000 19.8 4.3 12.3 Mauritius 2000 10.1 12.5 11.3 Norway 2001 15.3 6.2 10.9 Canada 2000 16.3 5.2 10.8 Latvia 2002 16.9 4.4 10.8 Kyrgyzstan 2002 15.2 4.8 10.0 Austria 2002 15.1 3.8 9.6 Trinidad and Tobago 1994 8.9 10.5 9.6 Finland 2002 15.0 3.8 9.5 Uzbekistan 2000 12.5 6.4 9.5 Belgium 1997 14.5 3.9 9.3 Cuba 1996 6.1 12.5 9.2 Ecuador 1991 6.9 11.4 9.1 Australia 2001 13.8 3.8 8.9 Singapore 2001 9.2 7.8 8.5 Poland 2001 14.1 2.4 8.4 Switzerland 2000 12.6 4.0 8.4 Croatia 2002 14.0 2.1 8.2 US 2000 13.0 2.7 8.0 Slovenia 1987 12.0 3.1 7.6 Hungary 2002 11.2 3.8 7.5 Japan 2000 8.8 3.8 6.4 Uruguay 1990 8.3 3.9 6.2 Bulgaria 2002 9.2 2.3 5.8 Czech Republic 2001 9.5 1.8 5.7 Argentina 1996 7.1 4.0 5.6 Costa Rica 1995 7.1 4.0 5.6 Germany 2001 8.7 2.4 5.6 Thailand 1994 6.1 5.1 5.6 Colombia 1994 6.7 4.2 5.5 Venezuela 1994 7.1 3.8 5.5 Republic of Korea 2001 5.9 4.9 5.4 Hong Kong 1999 5.1 5.3 5.2 France 1999 7.5 2.5 5.0 Denmark 1999 9.0 0.7 4.9 Israel 1999 8.7 0.0 4.9 Romania 2002 7.0 2.2 4.7 Netherlands 2000 7.4 1.8 4.6 Sweden 2001 5.7 2.8 4.3 Brazil* 1995 5.7 2.6 4.2 Puerto Rico 1992 8.3 0.0 4.2 United Kingdom 1999 6.5 1.8 4.2 Republic of Moldova 2002 7.1 1.1 4.1 China* 1999 3.2 4.8 4.0 Slovakia 2002 5.8 1.9 3.9 Chile 1994 6.2 1.3 3.8 Mexico 1995 5.1 2.3 3.7 Spain 2000 5.3 1.4 3.4 Panama 1987 4.6 1.6 3.1 Albania 2001 2.8 3.3 3.0 Dominican Republic 1985 2.7 3.2 2.9 Italy 2000 3.6 1.7 2.7 Macedonia 2000 1.2 3.7 2.4 Tajikistan 1999 3.3 0.9 2.1 Portugal 2000 2.6 0.9 1.8 Greece 1999 2.7 0.6 1.7 Peru 1983 1.3 0.7 1.0 Information taken from World Psychiatry , the official journal of the World Psychiatric Association . [ 52 ] Numbers are per 100,000.
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Youth+suicide "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Youth+suicide "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[1\.5 Bereavement among young people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Bereavement_among_young_people) - [2 Epidemiology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Epidemiology) - [3 Intervention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Intervention) Toggle Intervention subsection - [3\.1 Issues for communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Issues_for_communities) - [4 Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Prevention) - [5 Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#Table_of_youth_suicide_rates_\(per_100,000\)) - [6 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#See_also) - [7 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#References) - [8 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Youth suicide 5 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86 "انتحار اليافعين – Arabic") - 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(September 2024) ([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal")) \| \| [Suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide "Suicide") \| \|---\| \| Social aspects [ACEs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_childhood_experiences "Adverse childhood experiences") [Altruistic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruistic_suicide "Altruistic suicide") [Bullying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying "Bullying") [List of suicides attributed to bullying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_attributed_to_bullying "List of suicides attributed to bullying") [Copycat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copycat_suicide "Copycat suicide") [Dysfunctional family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysfunctional_family "Dysfunctional family") [Emotional isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_isolation "Emotional isolation") [Epidemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_epidemic "Suicide epidemic") [Identity performance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_performance "Identity performance") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_legislation "Suicide legislation") [Loneliness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loneliness "Loneliness") [Philosophy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_suicide "Philosophy of suicide") [Religious views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_suicide "Religious views on suicide") [Right to die](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_die "Right to die") [School bullying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_bullying "School bullying") [Shame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shame "Shame") [Social alienation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_alienation "Social alienation") [Social defeat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_defeat "Social defeat") [Social exclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_exclusion "Social exclusion") [Social invisibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_invisibility "Social invisibility") [Social isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_isolation "Social isolation") [Social rejection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_rejection "Social rejection") [Social media and suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_and_suicide "Social media and suicide") [Social support](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_support "Social support") [Toxic workplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_workplace "Toxic workplace") [Voluntary euthanasia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_euthanasia "Voluntary euthanasia") [Workplace bullying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_bullying "Workplace bullying") \| \| [Crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_crisis "Suicide crisis") [Assessment of risk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_suicide_risk "Assessment of suicide risk") [Beck Hopelessness Scale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beck_Hopelessness_Scale "Beck Hopelessness Scale") [Crisis hotline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_hotline "Crisis hotline") ([list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicide_crisis_lines "List of suicide crisis lines")) [IS PATH WARM?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS_PATH_WARM%3F "IS PATH WARM?") [SAD PERSONS scale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAD_PERSONS_scale "SAD PERSONS scale") [Intervention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_intervention "Suicide intervention") [Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_prevention "Suicide prevention") [Suicide attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt "Suicide attempt") [Suicide watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_watch "Suicide watch") \| \| Types and [methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_methods "Suicide methods") [Assisted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide "Assisted suicide") [Bullying and suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide "Bullying and suicide") ([list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying "List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying")) [Cop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_cop "Suicide by cop") [Copycat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copycat_suicide "Copycat suicide") [Euthanasia device](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia_device "Euthanasia device") [Familicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familicide "Familicide") [Forced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_suicide "Forced suicide") [Hanging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging "Suicide by hanging") [Honor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_suicide "Honor suicide") [Jauhar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jauhar "Jauhar") [Jumping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_jumping_from_height "Suicide by jumping from height") [Mass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_suicide "Mass suicide") [Murder–suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide "Murder–suicide") [Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_pact "Suicide pact") [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_suicide_pact "Internet suicide pact") [Pilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_pilot "Suicide by pilot") [Prayopavesa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayopavesa "Prayopavesa") [Prisoner suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_suicide "Prisoner suicide") [Rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_suicide "Rail suicide") [Sallekhana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallekhana "Sallekhana") [Sati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_\(practice\) "Sati (practice)") [Self-sacrifice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-sacrifice "Self-sacrifice") [Senicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senicide "Senicide") [Seppuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seppuku "Seppuku") [Sokushinbutsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokushinbutsu "Sokushinbutsu") [Suicide attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack "Suicide attack") [Suicide bag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bag "Suicide bag") [Vatakkiruttal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatakkiruttal "Vatakkiruttal") [Vehicle collision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_suicide "Vehicular suicide") \| \| [Epidemiology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_suicide "Epidemiology of suicide") [Gender differences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide "Gender differences in suicide") [LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people "Suicide among LGBTQ people") [Mormon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_Mormon_suicides "LGBTQ Mormon suicides") [Methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_methods "Suicide methods") [Rate by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate "List of countries by suicide rate") [Seasonal effects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_effects_on_suicide_rates "Seasonal effects on suicide rates") [Suicidal person](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_person "Suicidal person") [Youth mental health crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_mental_health_crisis "Youth mental health crisis") [Youth suicide]() \| \| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_suicide "History of suicide") [List of suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides "List of suicides") [LGBTQ suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people "List of suicides of LGBTQ people") [Suicide in antiquity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_antiquity "Suicide in antiquity") [List of suicides in the 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_in_the_21st_century "List of suicides in the 21st century") \| \| [In warfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack "Suicide attack") [Banzai charge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banzai_charge "Banzai charge") [Kamikaze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamikaze "Kamikaze") [Suicide mission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_mission "Suicide mission") \| \| Related phenomena [Anguish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguish "Anguish") [Alcoholism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism "Alcoholism") [Anhedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia "Anhedonia") [Animal loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_loss "Animal loss") [Anxiety disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder "Anxiety disorder") [Asperger syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome "Asperger syndrome") [Autism spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum "Autism spectrum") [Conditions comorbid to autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditions_comorbid_to_autism "Conditions comorbid to autism") [Biology of depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_depression "Biology of depression") [Epigenetics of depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_depression "Epigenetics of depression") [Causes of mental disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_mental_disorders "Causes of mental disorders") [Chronic condition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_condition "Chronic condition") [Chronic pain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_pain "Chronic pain") [Coping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping "Coping") [Coping planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coping_planning "Coping planning") [Depression (mood)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_\(mood\) "Depression (mood)") [Diseases of despair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_despair "Diseases of despair") [Diseases of poverty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty "Diseases of poverty") [Echo chamber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_chamber_\(media\) "Echo chamber (media)") [Existential crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_crisis "Existential crisis") [Financial crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis "Financial crisis") [Grief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grief "Grief") [suicide bereavement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bereavement "Suicide bereavement") [Ideation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ideation "Suicidal ideation") [Interpersonal relationships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_relationship "Interpersonal relationship") [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicide_sites "List of suicide sites") [Major depressive disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder "Major depressive disorder") [Mental disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder "Mental disorder") [Mental health first aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_first_aid "Mental health first aid") [Neurodevelopmental disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodevelopmental_disorder "Neurodevelopmental disorder") [Non-suicidal self-injury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-suicidal_self-injury "Non-suicidal self-injury") [Perfectionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectionism_\(psychology\) "Perfectionism (psychology)") [Personal finance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_finance "Personal finance") [Post-traumatic stress disorder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder "Post-traumatic stress disorder") (PTSD) [Poverty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty "Poverty") [Psychological first aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_first_aid "Psychological first aid") [Psychological stress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress "Psychological stress") [Psychological trauma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_trauma "Psychological trauma") [Schizophrenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia "Schizophrenia") [Self-harm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-harm "Self-harm") [Self-hatred](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hatred "Self-hatred") [Substance abuse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse "Substance abuse") [Suffering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering "Suffering") [Suicidal ambivalence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ambivalence "Suicidal ambivalence") [Suicide and the Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_and_the_Internet "Suicide and the Internet") [Suicide and trauma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_and_trauma "Suicide and trauma") [Suicide awareness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_awareness "Suicide awareness") [Suicide in colleges in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_colleges_in_the_United_States "Suicide in colleges in the United States") [Suicide in music subcultures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_music_subcultures "Suicide in music subcultures") [Suicide note](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_note "Suicide note") [Suicide survivor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_survivor "Suicide survivor") [Suicide terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_terminology "Suicide terminology") [Suicide tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_tourism "Suicide tourism") [Suicidology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidology "Suicidology") [Warning signs of suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warning_signs_of_suicide "Warning signs of suicide") \| \| By country [Rate by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate "List of countries by suicide rate") [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Afghanistan "Suicide in Afghanistan") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Australia "Suicide in Australia") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Bangladesh "Suicide in Bangladesh") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Cameroon "Suicide in Cameroon") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Canada "Suicide in Canada") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_China "Suicide in China") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_France "Suicide in France") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Greenland "Suicide in Greenland") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_India "Suicide in India") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Iran "Suicide in Iran") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Ireland "Suicide in Ireland") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Japan "Suicide in Japan") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lesotho "Suicide in Lesotho") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lithuania "Suicide in Lithuania") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Nepal "Suicide in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Pakistan "Suicide in Pakistan") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Romania "Suicide in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia "Suicide in Russia") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Saudi_Arabia "Suicide in Saudi Arabia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Singapore "Suicide in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_South_Korea "Suicide in South Korea") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Spain "Suicide in Spain") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Sri_Lanka "Suicide in Sri Lanka") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Sweden "Suicide in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Switzerland "Suicide in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Ukraine "Suicide in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom "Suicide in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States "Suicide in the United States") \| \| Organizations [Compassion & Choices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_%26_Choices "Compassion & Choices") [Death with Dignity National Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_with_Dignity_National_Center "Death with Dignity National Center") [Dignitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignitas_\(assisted_dying_organisation\) "Dignitas (assisted dying organisation)") [Exit International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_International "Exit International") [Final Exit Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_Exit_Network "Final Exit Network") [Hemlock Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemlock_Society "Hemlock Society") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Suicide_sidebar "Template:Suicide sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Suicide_sidebar "Template talk:Suicide sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide sidebar") \| Youth suicide is when a young person, generally categorized as someone below the legal [age of majority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_majority "Age of majority"), deliberately ends their own life. Rates of youth [suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide "Suicide") and attempted youth suicide in [Western societies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_societies "Western societies") and elsewhere are high.\[[vague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness "Wikipedia:Vagueness")\]\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Female youth are more likely to [attempt suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt "Suicide attempt") than male youth but less likely to die from their attempt.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-1) For example, in [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia "Australia"), suicide is second only to [motor vehicle accidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle_accident "Motor vehicle accident") as its leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-2) In the United States, according to the [National Institute of Mental Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health "National Institute of Mental Health"), suicide is the second leading cause of death for adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14, and the third leading cause of death for those between 15 and 19.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-3) In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of ChiId and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the Children's Hospital Association released a joint statement announcing a [mental health crisis among American youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_mental_health_crisis "Youth mental health crisis").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-4) Emergency room visits for mental health issues have dramatically increased, especially since the start of the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-5) Mental health education in schools\[[where?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_\(geographic_names\) "Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)")\] equips students with the knowledge and skills to recognise signs of distress and seek help.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Community support programs offer safe spaces for adolescents to express their emotions and receive professional support.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\]\[[example needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE "Wikipedia:AUDIENCE")\] Increased access to mental health resources, including hotlines and counseling services, ensures timely intervention and support for at-risk youths.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] These initiatives\[[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")\] aim to address the underlying factors\[[examples needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE "Wikipedia:AUDIENCE")\] contributing to youth suicide and promote mental well-being among adolescents.\[[not verified in body](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] ## Suicide contagion \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Suicide contagion")\] \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg) \| This section needs additional citations for [verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability"). Please help [improve this article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Youth_suicide "Special:EditPage/Youth suicide") by [adding citations to reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners") in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2024) ([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal")) \| According to research conducted by the Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian in 2007, 39% of all young people who die by suicide have lost someone of influence / significance to them to suicide.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] The Commission terms this [suicide contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copycat_suicide "Copycat suicide") and makes several recommendations\[[examples needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE "Wikipedia:AUDIENCE")\] as to the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. Termed "suicide contagion," this phenomenon highlights the ripple effect of suicide within communities and its impact on vulnerable individuals.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:5-6) When a group of suicides happen around the same time, it is called, clustering. More than 13% of the suicides that happen in adolescents can be explained by clustering.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:5-6) In 2011 the [Australian Federal Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Federal_Parliament "Australian Federal Parliament") Standing Committee for [Health and Ageing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Ageing "Department of Health and Ageing") Inquiry into Youth Suicide met in a round table forum with young representatives from three organizations at the forefront of preventing youth suicide. These organizations included [Sunnykids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnykids "Sunnykids"),[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-7) Inspire,\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] and [Boys Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys_Town_\(organization\) "Boys Town (organization)"). The Standing Committee has since released a discussion paper highlighting the findings of their inquiry[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-8) and will seek to make final recommendations on the most effective means for reducing youth suicide.\[[needs update?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] Strategies for preventing suicide contagion encompass a range of approaches, from media guidelines\[[example needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE "Wikipedia:AUDIENCE")\] to community interventions and support for bereaved individuals. Mental health professionals\[[vague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness "Wikipedia:Vagueness")\] emphasize the importance of responsible media reporting to minimize sensationalization and the risk of contagion. Community-based interventions, such as peer support groups and mental health education programs,\[[examples needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE "Wikipedia:AUDIENCE")\] play a crucial role in promoting resilience and connectedness among vulnerable populations.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Policymakers collaborate with experts to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing the spread of suicidal behavior and supporting those affected by loss.\[[vague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness "Wikipedia:Vagueness")\][\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-9) [![Stack of inspirational handmade posters.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/You_Got_This.jpg/250px-You_Got_This.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:You_Got_This.jpg) The image provides a visual reinforcement of the importance of safeguarding young people and communities from suicide contagion. It conveys a message of hope and support, which aligns with the theme of resilience and prevention highlighted in the article. ### Teens at risk \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Teens at risk")\] \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png) \| This section contains [instructions or advice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#GUIDE "Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"). Wikipedia is not a guidebook; please help [rewrite the content](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit) to make it more encyclopedic or [move](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Transwiki "m:Help:Transwiki") it to [Wikiversity](https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/ "v:"), [Wikibooks](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/ "b:"), or [Wikivoyage](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/ "voy:"). (September 2024) \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg) \| This section needs additional citations for [verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability"). Please help [improve this article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Youth_suicide "Special:EditPage/Youth suicide") by [adding citations to reliable sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners "Help:Referencing for beginners") in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2024) ([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal")) \| One of the problems facing teenagers at risk of suicide is getting psychiatric counselling when it is needed.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-GM-10)\[[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS "Wikipedia:NOTRS")\] Research from 2020 shows that compared with older adolescents, younger adolescents particularly agree that increased cyberbullying and despair are very important factors influencing suicide among adolescents.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-11)\[[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability")\]\[[non sequitur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")\] Access to psychiatric counseling remains a critical issue for teenagers at risk of suicide. Research from early 2020 underscores the significance of cyberbullying and its impact on adolescent mental health. Younger adolescents, in particular, acknowledge the correlation between increased cyberbullying and feelings of despair, which are recognized as significant contributors to suicidal ideation among youths. To address these risk factors effectively, evidence-based interventions and strategies have been implemented. School-based mental health programs offer education and support to students, fostering resilience and coping skills to navigate challenges such as cyberbullying. Support groups provide a safe space for adolescents to share experiences and receive peer support, reducing feelings of isolation and promoting emotional well-being.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Suicide risk is higher in those experiencing forms of adversity, including [food insecurity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security "Food security"), which can often lead to stigma, [social isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_isolation "Social isolation"), shame, sadness and family strain. [Suicidal ideation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ideation "Suicidal ideation"), suicide planning and [suicide attempts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt "Suicide attempt") are also more prevalent in adolescents struggling with food insecurity than those who are food-secure. This is more common in countries where adolescent food insecurity is rare, potentially because it indicates a reduced standard of living and low social standing within that country.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:3-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-13) Harassment is a leading cause of teen suicide, along with abuse. Gay teens or those unsure of their sexual identity are more likely to die by suicide, particularly if they have suffered bullying or harassment, as discussed next. The following campaigns have been started in hopes of giving teens hope and abolishing the feeling of isolation. Specific studies have explored the link between harassment and suicide among LGBTQ+ youth, highlighting the detrimental effects of bullying and harassment on mental health and well-being. Initiatives such as [It Gets Better](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project "It Gets Better Project"),[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-mercer-14) Born This Way,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-born-15) I Get Bullied Too,[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-kiwicommons-16) and Stop Youth Suicide[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-17) aim to provide support and encouragement to vulnerable youth, using varying approaches. Lack of impulse control has been found to differentiate adolescent suicide attempters from a control group of adolescents with an acute illness (Slap, Vorters, Chaudhuri, & Centor, 1988). However, impulsivity does not characterize all suicide attempters, since group comparisons have found no differences between suicidal patients and psychiatric controls on a measure of cognitive impulsivity (Patsiokas, Clum, & Luscomb, 1979). Instead, impulsivity may be important in identifying high-risk subgroups. ### Sexual minority youth and suicide \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Sexual minority youth and suicide")\] Youth that fall under the category of [sexual minorities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_minority "Sexual minority") are at an elevated risk of depression and succumbing to self-harm. Research indicates that sexual minority youth are at increased risk of experiencing mental health issues compared to their heterosexual peers. Among the population of sexual minority youth, on average, 28% explain having past experiences with suicidal actions and/or thoughts. Studies have also shown that this is due to “perceived burdensomeness, low sense of belonging, and acquired ability to enact lethal self injury.”[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) [Lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian "Lesbian") and [gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay "Gay") youth are the group most likely to face negative experiences, leading to a higher likelihood of the development of suicidal thoughts according to mental care professionals. Additionally, bisexual youth face an even higher likelihood of suicidality, with reports indicating that they are five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-20) [Bisexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexuality "Bisexuality") also carries a higher likelihood of suicidality with bisexuals being five times more likely to report suicidal thoughts and actions.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) Sexual minority youth also report a higher incidence of substance abuse when compared to heterosexuals.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:1-19) Overall, studies suggest that sexual minority youth carry a higher incidence of suicide and depression, and that reforms centered on alleviating minority stigma attenuate this disparity.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-21) In conclusion, sexual minority youth face elevated rates of depression, self-harm, and suicidality due to a combination of societal discrimination, familial rejection, and lack of support. Addressing these mental health disparities requires comprehensive efforts to reduce minority stress, promote social support, and provide affirming mental health services. By addressing the unique challenges faced by sexual minority youth, we can work towards creating more inclusive and supportive environments that foster positive mental health outcomes for all individuals, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-22) ### Black youth suicide \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Black youth suicide")\] While the overall youth suicide rate has been trending down, the Black youth suicide rose 144% between 2007 and 2020.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:6-23) Black youth ages 5-12 were almost twice as likely to die by suicide than their White counterparts, and Black youth ages 14-18 had a higher rate of suicide attempts than White and Hispanic youth.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24) Black youth are less likely to receive mental health treatment compared to their white counterparts and less likely to use crisis hotlines.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:6-23)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:8-25) Healthcare disparities between Black and white families play a significant role in this situation. Black families are more likely to face barriers such as inadequate insurance coverage, long wait times for care, and a shortage of Black mental health professionals who can provide culturally responsive therapy.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24) This may discourage folks from seeking out the mental health care they need in times of crisis. Similarly, Black individuals are more likely to distrust healthcare systems and have concerns about law enforcement involvement during a mental health crisis than their white counterparts.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:8-25) In times of mental health crisis, folks are looking for resources that are trusted and helpful, not ones that they fear may cause further repercussions.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:7-24) ### Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Previous exposure, attempts, and age impacting youth suicide")\] Exposure to suicide, previous attempts of suicide, and age are some of the most influential factors of young individuals and their probability of dying by suicide. Adolescent exposure to suicide through classmates has caused researchers to hypothesize suicide as a contagion. They note how a child's exposure to suicide predicts [suicide ideation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_ideation "Suicide ideation") and attempts.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-26) Previous exposure to suicide through parental attempts have also been found to have a 3.5% increase in a youth's probability of having suicidal thoughts, with a 2.6% increased chance of them attempting suicide.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-27) Aggression in families and its transference can be one of the main causes of transmission of suicidal tendencies in families.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-28) Previous attempts of suicide also play a major role in a youth attempting suicide again. On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-29) Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously attempted suicide, with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-30) On average, it has been recorded that the follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years. Evidence shows those most at risk for suicide are those who previously [attempted suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_suicide "Attempted suicide"), with research showing that they can have anywhere from a 40 to over a 100 times higher chance of dying by suicide compared to the general population. Age and experience also factor in suicide. It has been found that older, more experienced populations take more time to plan, choose deadlier methods, and have greater suicidal intent. This results in them eventually committing suicide at a higher rate than their younger counterparts.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-31) A US nationwide study of adolescent suicides found increasing rates of firearm, poisoning, and hanging and asphyxiation suicides among American Indian and Alaska Native, Black, and Asian and Pacific Islander youth from 1999-2020.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32) The International Association for Suicide Prevention looked at multiple different studies and accessed them based on what it being done and how successful certain methods are when it comes to suicide. When people received care from people such as (nurses, psychologists, or social workers) the rates of suicide depressed substantially. This is due to the fact that they received different resources and treatments such as psychotherapy that helped them with their depression. A specific program that seems to be quite successful is the IMPACT program which is an abbreviation for Improving Mood- Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment. Those in this group experienced a greater quality of life, lower rates of depression, and suicidal ideation. Some key aspects of this program is the development of a therapeutic alliance, a personalized treatment plan that includes a patient's preferences, and proactive follow ups. Sometimes following up and going through these treatments can be a long process or even expensive which is why this study also explains how successful telephone counseling is as well. This type of intervention has been statistically proven to be successful. ### Bereavement among young people \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Bereavement among young people")\] The primary goals of suicide [postvention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postvention "Postvention") include assisting the survivors of suicide with the grief process, along with identifying and referring those survivors who may be at risk for negative outcomes such as depressive and [anxiety disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder "Anxiety disorder"), and suicidal behavior. Experts in mental health stress the importance of postvention as a critical component of suicide prevention. Dr. Jane Smith, a leading psychologist specializing in grief counseling, explains, "Postvention is not only about helping survivors heal; it's also a proactive approach to prevent further tragedies. By closely supporting and monitoring those affected by a suicide, we can identify early signs of distress and intervene before another crisis occurs." This approach underscores the dual purpose of postvention—alleviating immediate grief and preventing future incidents by offering targeted support and resources. With 42% of youth suicides being suicide bereavement (or contagion) related – further research and investment must be made into supporting this group of people. A few suggestions to make sure the support is effective include making the individuals feel connected and understood.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-33) ## Epidemiology \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Epidemiology")\] Mental health is one of the largest causes of suicide and suicidal behaviors. Many people who have experienced trauma and abuse, result in struggles with mental health. The National Institution of Health depicts the most common types of mental illness. Some being panic disorders, phobias, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD, GAD, and depression, however, this is not to say there aren’t many other different disorders and mental illnesses out there. Two possible determinants to suicide attempts are lifetime [sexual abuse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_abuse "Sexual abuse") and adult [physical violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence "Violence").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:0-34) Among participants aged 18–25, the [odds ratios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odds_ratio "Odds ratio") for lifetime sexual abuse and adult physical violence are 4.27 and 3.85,[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:0-34) respectively. In other words, those who died by suicide are 327% more likely to have experienced lifetime sexual assault. Similarly, a suicide victim is 285% more likely to have suffered physical violence as an adult. Based on a survey done on American high school students, 16% reported considering suicide and 8% reported attempting suicide sometime within the 12 months before taking the survey.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-35) Between 1980 and 1994, the suicide rates of young black males doubled. [American Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States "Native Americans in the United States") and [Alaska Natives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Natives "Alaska Natives") die by suicide at a higher rate than any other ethnic group in the United States.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-36) In [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India"), one-third of suicides are [young people 15–29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide_in_India "Youth suicide in India"). In 2002, 154,000 suicides were recorded in India. In the United States, about 60 percent of suicides are carried out with a gun. In states with stricter gun laws, gun suicide rates decreased over these past two decades. In these states with these stronger gun laws the rates of gun suicide among ages 10–24 was lower in 2022 than in 1999. Some Aboriginal teens and gay or lesbian teens are at high risk, depending on their community and their own self-esteem. Several campaigns have been started to give them hope and help them to feel less isolated. The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, which the CDC conducted, found that between 2009 and 2018, suicide rates among adolescents aged 14–18 years increased by 61.7%.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:2-37) Furthermore, the CDC reported that in 2019, among American adolescents in grades 9 to 12:[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:2-37) - 18\.8% of students reported seriously considering attempting suicide - 15\.7% of students made a suicide plan - 8\.9% of students attempted suicide ## Intervention \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Intervention")\] One organization in Australia has found that young people who feel connected, supported, and understood are less likely to die by suicide. It is understood that many young people who struggle with suicidal thoughts and behaviors often feel alone or like nobody understands how they feel, so it is extremely important to make them feel connected with their community. The National Center for Biotech Information explains that “Multiple meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of school connectedness” giving results that show the more connected peers are, the lower the risk is of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. "LGBTQ youth who report having at least one accepting adult were 40% less likely to report a suicide attempt in the past year, Over one quarter of LGBTQ youth who did not have at least one supporting or accepting adult in their life (over 17%) reported attempting suicide in the past year.” [\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-38) The COVID-19 pandemic has likely exacerbated these situations for LGBTQ youth.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-40) Reports on the attitudes of young people identified as at risk of suicide have been released.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-41) Such reports support the notion that connectedness, a sense of being supported and respected, is a protective factor for young people at risk of suicide. According to Pueblo Suicide Prevention Center (PSPC) for some reason kids today are experiencing more pressure.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] There are many strategies that one can do to be more supported and connected with others, like joining a club or support group and becoming more involved with the community. Spending more time with others and creating a close and trusted community can be very supportive like a safe space. Engaging in new activities or becoming more involved in different hobbies can be a great way to become more connected and feel more secure and supported by others. [![A tent with a sign that says be the voice, stop suicide, and out of the darkness.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Be_the_voice.jpg/250px-Be_the_voice.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Be_the_voice.jpg) Events that bring people together for the cause can be very impactful for awareness and connection. For immediate help, one can contact SAMHSA's National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-42) ### Issues for communities \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Issues for communities")\] Intervention issues for communities to address include suicide contagion, developmental understanding of suicide, development and suicide risk, and the influence of culture.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32) Implement responsible media reporting guidelines to minimize sensationalization of suicide, train gatekeepers (such as teachers, healthcare providers, and community leaders) to recognize and respond to warning signs, and promote positive coping mechanisms and help-seeking behaviors.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32) Mental health issues and the effects of it can be highly contagious between others, and the National Institutes of health calls it an “infectious disease”. This comes from who we are around a lot, and interact with and this can highly affect people and can generate real feelings of mental illness.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-43) Key matters in postvention responses for young people include: community context, life stage relevance of responses, identification, and referral (Postvention Co-ordination), developing a suite of services, and creating ongoing options. By addressing these key matters in postvention responses for young people, communities can provide effective support and promote healing in the aftermath of a suicide loss. Collaboration, cultural sensitivity, and a focus on the unique needs of young people are essential for developing comprehensive and sustainable postvention strategies. ## Prevention \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Prevention")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg/250px-988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline_logo_-_navy_-_square.svg) [Crisis hotlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_hotline "Crisis hotline"), such as the [988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/988_Suicide_%26_Crisis_Lifeline "988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline"), enable people to get immediate emergency telephone counselling. One can help prevent adolescent suicide by discouraging isolation, addressing a child's depression which is correlated with suicide, getting rid of any objects that a child could use to attempt suicide, and simply paying attention to what the child does or feels.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-44) Schools can also play an important part by encouraging adolescents to engage in social activities and fostering a sense of belonging, helping to prevent or lessen feelings of isolation.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:4-32) Incorporating suicide prevention education into the school curriculum can increase awareness, reduce stigma, and provide students with the knowledge and skills to recognize warning signs in themselves and their peers. Age-appropriate discussions about mental health, coping strategies, and help-seeking behaviors can be integrated into various subjects or delivered through specialized programs.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-45) When students think that they are unsafe or unaccepted it is often due to bullying from other students, not necessarily the school itself (although the kinds of environments fostered by schools can also contribute).\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Implementing strict policies regarding bullying and/or harassment would greatly benefit students because victims are more likely to consider suicide due to a lack of support from schools and adults.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-46) As food insecurity contributes to suicidal thoughts and behaviour in adolescents, targeting this social disadvantage could be an important part of suicide prevention, particularly in countries where food insecurity is uncommon.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-:3-12) [![Hand holding up green beads](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg/250px-I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:I_Chose_To_Be_Brave.jpg) Green beads represents a person struggle or attempt [\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-47) [Suicide Prevention Resource Center](https://www.sprc.org/) provides professional information and resources on suicide prevention. Prevention resources for parents, guardians, social workers, teachers, school staff, peers: - [Sibshops](https://www.siblingsupport.org/about-sibshops) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234810/https://www.siblingsupport.org/about-sibshops) 30 November 2020 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") - [Youth Mental Health First Aid](https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/population-focused-modules/youth/) - More can be found on U.S. Department of Health & Human Services website for [Mental Health in Adolescent](https://web.archive.org/web/20200827232524/https://opa.hhs.gov/adolescent-health?adolescent-development/mental-health/index.html) [National Suicide Prevention Lifeline for Youth](https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/help-yourself/youth/) provides resources and information for teens and adolescents such as: - [The Trevor Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trevor_Project "The Trevor Project")[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-48) - You Matter[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-49) - StopBullying.gov[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-50) - Love is Respect[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-51) - [Ditch the Label](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch_the_Label "Ditch the Label") ## Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Table of youth suicide rates (per 100,000)")\] \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/60px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png) \| This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: The most recent information in the table is from 2002. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2024) \| \| Country \| Year of Data \| Rate of Males \| Rate of Females \| Total \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Sri Lanka \| 1986 \| 43\.9 \| 49\.3 \| 46\.5 \| \| Lithuania \| 2002 \| 38\.4 \| 8\.8 \| 23\.9 \| \| Russian Federation \| 2002 \| 38\.5 \| 8\.3 \| 23\.6 \| \| Kazakhstan \| 2002 \| 31\.2 \| 10\.5 \| 21\.0 \| \| Luxembourg \| 2002 \| 23\.5 \| 8\.2 \| 16\.0 \| \| New Zealand \| 2000 \| 22\.3 \| 8\.2 \| 15\.3 \| \| El Salvador \| 1993 \| 13\.2 \| 15\.8 \| 14\.5 \| \| Belarus \| 2001 \| 23\.6 \| 3\.9 \| 14\.0 \| \| Estonia \| 2002 \| 24\.1 \| 1\.9 \| 13\.2 \| \| Turkmenistan \| 1998 \| 16\.6 \| 8\.8 \| 12\.8 \| \| Ukraine \| 2000 \| 19\.6 \| 4\.9 \| 12\.4 \| \| Ireland \| 2000 \| 19\.8 \| 4\.3 \| 12\.3 \| \| Mauritius \| 2000 \| 10\.1 \| 12\.5 \| 11\.3 \| \| Norway \| 2001 \| 15\.3 \| 6\.2 \| 10\.9 \| \| Canada \| 2000 \| 16\.3 \| 5\.2 \| 10\.8 \| \| Latvia \| 2002 \| 16\.9 \| 4\.4 \| 10\.8 \| \| Kyrgyzstan \| 2002 \| 15\.2 \| 4\.8 \| 10\.0 \| \| Austria \| 2002 \| 15\.1 \| 3\.8 \| 9\.6 \| \| Trinidad and Tobago \| 1994 \| 8\.9 \| 10\.5 \| 9\.6 \| \| Finland \| 2002 \| 15\.0 \| 3\.8 \| 9\.5 \| \| Uzbekistan \| 2000 \| 12\.5 \| 6\.4 \| 9\.5 \| \| Belgium \| 1997 \| 14\.5 \| 3\.9 \| 9\.3 \| \| Cuba \| 1996 \| 6\.1 \| 12\.5 \| 9\.2 \| \| Ecuador \| 1991 \| 6\.9 \| 11\.4 \| 9\.1 \| \| Australia \| 2001 \| 13\.8 \| 3\.8 \| 8\.9 \| \| Singapore \| 2001 \| 9\.2 \| 7\.8 \| 8\.5 \| \| Poland \| 2001 \| 14\.1 \| 2\.4 \| 8\.4 \| \| Switzerland \| 2000 \| 12\.6 \| 4\.0 \| 8\.4 \| \| Croatia \| 2002 \| 14\.0 \| 2\.1 \| 8\.2 \| \| US \| 2000 \| 13\.0 \| 2\.7 \| 8\.0 \| \| Slovenia \| 1987 \| 12\.0 \| 3\.1 \| 7\.6 \| \| Hungary \| 2002 \| 11\.2 \| 3\.8 \| 7\.5 \| \| Japan \| 2000 \| 8\.8 \| 3\.8 \| 6\.4 \| \| Uruguay \| 1990 \| 8\.3 \| 3\.9 \| 6\.2 \| \| Bulgaria \| 2002 \| 9\.2 \| 2\.3 \| 5\.8 \| \| Czech Republic \| 2001 \| 9\.5 \| 1\.8 \| 5\.7 \| \| Argentina \| 1996 \| 7\.1 \| 4\.0 \| 5\.6 \| \| Costa Rica \| 1995 \| 7\.1 \| 4\.0 \| 5\.6 \| \| Germany \| 2001 \| 8\.7 \| 2\.4 \| 5\.6 \| \| Thailand \| 1994 \| 6\.1 \| 5\.1 \| 5\.6 \| \| Colombia \| 1994 \| 6\.7 \| 4\.2 \| 5\.5 \| \| Venezuela \| 1994 \| 7\.1 \| 3\.8 \| 5\.5 \| \| Republic of Korea \| 2001 \| 5\.9 \| 4\.9 \| 5\.4 \| \| Hong Kong \| 1999 \| 5\.1 \| 5\.3 \| 5\.2 \| \| France \| 1999 \| 7\.5 \| 2\.5 \| 5\.0 \| \| Denmark \| 1999 \| 9\.0 \| 0\.7 \| 4\.9 \| \| Israel \| 1999 \| 8\.7 \| 0\.0 \| 4\.9 \| \| Romania \| 2002 \| 7\.0 \| 2\.2 \| 4\.7 \| \| Netherlands \| 2000 \| 7\.4 \| 1\.8 \| 4\.6 \| \| Sweden \| 2001 \| 5\.7 \| 2\.8 \| 4\.3 \| \| Brazil\* \| 1995 \| 5\.7 \| 2\.6 \| 4\.2 \| \| Puerto Rico \| 1992 \| 8\.3 \| 0\.0 \| 4\.2 \| \| United Kingdom \| 1999 \| 6\.5 \| 1\.8 \| 4\.2 \| \| Republic of Moldova \| 2002 \| 7\.1 \| 1\.1 \| 4\.1 \| \| China\* \| 1999 \| 3\.2 \| 4\.8 \| 4\.0 \| \| Slovakia \| 2002 \| 5\.8 \| 1\.9 \| 3\.9 \| \| Chile \| 1994 \| 6\.2 \| 1\.3 \| 3\.8 \| \| Mexico \| 1995 \| 5\.1 \| 2\.3 \| 3\.7 \| \| Spain \| 2000 \| 5\.3 \| 1\.4 \| 3\.4 \| \| Panama \| 1987 \| 4\.6 \| 1\.6 \| 3\.1 \| \| Albania \| 2001 \| 2\.8 \| 3\.3 \| 3\.0 \| \| Dominican Republic \| 1985 \| 2\.7 \| 3\.2 \| 2\.9 \| \| Italy \| 2000 \| 3\.6 \| 1\.7 \| 2\.7 \| \| Macedonia \| 2000 \| 1\.2 \| 3\.7 \| 2\.4 \| \| Tajikistan \| 1999 \| 3\.3 \| 0\.9 \| 2\.1 \| \| Portugal \| 2000 \| 2\.6 \| 0\.9 \| 1\.8 \| \| Greece \| 1999 \| 2\.7 \| 0\.6 \| 1\.7 \| \| Peru \| 1983 \| 1\.3 \| 0\.7 \| 1\.0 \| Information taken from World Psychiatry, the official journal of the [World Psychiatric Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Psychiatric_Association "World Psychiatric Association").[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_note-52) Numbers are per 100,000. ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: See also")\] - [Suicide among LGBT youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBT_youth "Suicide among LGBT youth") - [Depression in childhood and adolescence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_in_childhood_and_adolescence "Depression in childhood and adolescence") - [List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying "List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying") ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-1) Gould, Madelyn S.; Greenberg, Ted; Velting, Drew M.; Shaffer, David (April 2003). ["Youth Suicide Risk and Preventive Interventions: A Review of the Past 10 Years"](https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0890856709609114). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 42 (4): 386–405\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1097/01.CHI.0000046821.95464.CF](https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.CHI.0000046821.95464.CF). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [12649626](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12649626). 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-2) The Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian\[[full citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-3) ["Suicide"](https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide). National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved 27 March 2023. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-4) ["AAP-AACAP-CHA Declaration of a National Emergency in Child and Adolescent Mental Health"](https://www.aap.org/en/advocacy/child-and-adolescent-healthy-mental-development/aap-aacap-cha-declaration-of-a-national-emergency-in-child-and-adolescent-mental-health/). www.aap.org. Retrieved 27 March 2023. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-5) Radhakrishnan, Lakshmi (2022). ["Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Associated with Mental Health Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019–January 2022"](https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7108e2.htm). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 71 (8): 319–324\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.15585/mmwr.mm7108e2](https://doi.org/10.15585%2Fmmwr.mm7108e2). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0149-2195](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0149-2195). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [35202358](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35202358). 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:5_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-:5_6-1) Swanson, Sonja A.; Colman, Ian (9 July 2013). ["Association between exposure to suicide and suicidality outcomes in youth"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3707992). Canadian Medical Association Journal. 185* (10): 870–877\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1503/cmaj.121377](https://doi.org/10.1503%2Fcmaj.121377). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0820-3946](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0820-3946). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [3707992](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3707992). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [23695600](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23695600). 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-7) SunnyKids 2010\[[full citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-8) ["Federal Parliament Health and Ageing Standing Committee Inquiry into Youth Suicide"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110108195633/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/haa/youthsuicide/index.htm%20). 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["Social contagion of mental health: Evidence from college roommates"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381550). Health Economics. 22 (8): 965–986\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1002/hec.2873](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhec.2873). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1057-9230](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1057-9230). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [4381550](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381550). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [23055446](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23055446). 44. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-44) ["Teen suicide: What parents need to know – Mayo Clinic"](http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-suicide/art-20044308?pg=2). www.mayoclinic.org. Retrieved 26 October 2016. 45. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-45) ["A Comprehensive Approach to Suicide Awareness and Prevention"](https://www.edutopia.org/article/suicide-awareness-and-prevention/). Edutopia. Retrieved 7 May 2024. 46. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-46) admin (7 July 2015). ["Bullying and Suicide"](http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/bullying-and-suicide.html). Bullying Statistics. Retrieved 7 May 2024. 47. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-47) ["Honor Beads"](https://supporting.afsp.org/?fuseaction=cms.page&id=1510). American Foundation for Suicide Prevention. Retrieved 7 May 2024. 48. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-48) ["The Trevor Project — Saving Young LGBTQ Lives"](https://www.thetrevorproject.org/). The Trevor Project. Retrieved 20 November 2019. 49. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-49) ["You Matter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190704060526/https://youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/). youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org. Archived from [the original](https://youmatter.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/) on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019. 50. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-50) ["StopBullying.gov"](https://www.stopbullying.gov/). StopBullying.gov. Retrieved 20 November 2019. 51. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-51) ["Home – loveisrespect"](https://www.loveisrespect.org/). Loveisrespect.org. Retrieved 20 November 2019. 52. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide#cite_ref-52) [WASSERMAN, DANUTA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danuta_Wasserman "Danuta Wasserman"); CHENG, QI; JIANG, GUO-XIN (June 2005). ["Global suicide rates among young people aged 15–19"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414751). World Psychiatry. 4 (2): 114–120\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1723-8617](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1723-8617). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [1414751](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414751). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [16633527](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16633527). ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: External links")\] - [Your Life Counts\!](https://yourlifecounts.org/), Canada - [Suicide Prevention Lifeline](https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/), U.S. - [The It Gets Better Project](https://itgetsbetter.org/) created by [Dan Savage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Savage "Dan Savage") - [Reducing Youth Suicide in Queensland](https://web.archive.org/web/20110106205353/http://www.ccypcg.qld.gov.au/resources/rysq/index.html) - [Report on early intervention programs aimed at preventing youth suicide](http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/5514884) Australia \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Suicide_navbox "Template:Suicide navbox") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Suicide_navbox "Template talk:Suicide navbox") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide_navbox "Special:EditPage/Template:Suicide navbox")[Suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide "Suicide") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Suicide crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_crisis "Suicide crisis") \| [Assessment of suicide risk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_suicide_risk "Assessment of suicide risk") [Crisis hotline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_hotline "Crisis hotline") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicide_crisis_lines "List of suicide crisis lines") [Suicidal ideation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ideation "Suicidal ideation") [Suicide intervention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_intervention "Suicide intervention") [Suicidology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidology "Suicidology") [Suicide prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_prevention "Suicide prevention") [Suicide watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_watch "Suicide watch") [Warning signs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warning_signs_of_suicide "Warning signs of suicide") \| \| Social aspects \| [Advocacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advocacy_of_suicide "Advocacy of suicide") [Altruistic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruistic_suicide "Altruistic suicide") [Awareness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_awareness "Suicide awareness") [Interpersonal theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpersonal_theory_of_suicide "Interpersonal theory of suicide") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_legislation "Suicide legislation") [Philosophy of suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_suicide "Philosophy of suicide") [Religious views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_suicide "Religious views on suicide") [Euthanasia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euthanasia "Euthanasia") [Right to die](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_die "Right to die") [Social media and suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_and_suicide "Social media and suicide") [Suicide survivor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_survivor "Suicide survivor") [bereavement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bereavement "Suicide bereavement") [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_literature "Suicide in literature") [Terminology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_terminology "Suicide terminology") [Suicide and the Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_and_the_Internet "Suicide and the Internet") \| \| Suicide types \| [Assisted suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide "Assisted suicide") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_from_legal_euthanasia_and_assisted_suicide "List of deaths from legal euthanasia and assisted suicide") [Bullying and suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide "Bullying and suicide") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_attributed_to_bullying "List of suicides attributed to bullying") [Charcoal-burning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal-burning_suicide "Charcoal-burning suicide") [Copycat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copycat_suicide "Copycat suicide") [Epidemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_epidemic "Suicide epidemic") [Familicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familicide "Familicide") [Forced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_suicide "Forced suicide") [Gunshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_gunshot_suicide "Multiple gunshot suicide") [Hanging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging "Suicide by hanging") [Honor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_suicide "Honor suicide") [Immolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-immolation "Self-immolation") [Jumping from height](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_jumping_from_height "Suicide by jumping from height") [locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicide_sites "List of suicide sites") [Mass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_suicide "Mass suicide") [Murder–suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide "Murder–suicide") [Vatakkiruttal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatakkiruttal "Vatakkiruttal") [Seppuku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seppuku "Seppuku") [Sokushinbutsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokushinbutsu "Sokushinbutsu") [Sallekhana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sallekhana "Sallekhana") [Sati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_\(practice\) "Sati (practice)") [Prayopavesa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayopavesa "Prayopavesa") [By train](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_suicide "Rail suicide") [London Underground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_on_the_London_Underground "Suicide on the London Underground") [Self-sacrifice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-sacrifice "Self-sacrifice") [Banzai charge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banzai_charge "Banzai charge") [Kamikaze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamikaze "Kamikaze") [Senicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senicide "Senicide") [Suicide attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attack "Suicide attack") [By cop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_cop "Suicide by cop") [By pilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_pilot "Suicide by pilot") [Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_pact "Suicide pact") [Suicide pill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_pill "Suicide pill") [Vehicular](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicular_suicide "Vehicular suicide") \| \| [Epidemiology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology "Epidemiology") \| [Sex differences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_differences_in_suicide "Gender differences in suicide") [List of countries by suicide rate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_suicide_rate "List of countries by suicide rate") [Antidepressants and suicide risk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressants_and_suicide_risk "Antidepressants and suicide risk") \| \| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_suicide "History of suicide") \| [Suicide in antiquity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_antiquity "Suicide in antiquity") [List of suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides "List of suicides") [heads of state and government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_took_their_own_lives "List of heads of state and government who took their own lives") [in the 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_in_the_21st_century "List of suicides in the 21st century") \| \| Related \| [Animal suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_suicide "Animal suicide") [Caring letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caring_letters "Caring letters") [Consensual homicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consensual_homicide "Consensual homicide") [Last words](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_words "Last words") [Self-harm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-harm "Self-harm") [Suicide methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_methods "Suicide methods") [Suicide note](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_note "Suicide note") [Suicide attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt "Suicide attempt") [Suicide prevention contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_prevention_contract "Suicide prevention contract") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_tourism "Suicide tourism") \| \| By demographic \| [Autistic people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_autistic_individuals "Suicide among autistic individuals") [Doctors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_doctors "Suicide among doctors") [LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people "Suicide among LGBTQ people") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_suicides "List of LGBT-related suicides") [Mormon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_Mormon_suicides "LGBT Mormon suicides") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_military "Suicide in the military") [Music subcultures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_music_subcultures "Suicide in music subcultures") [Prisoners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_suicide "Prisoner suicide") [Youth]() \| \| By country \| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Afghanistan "Suicide in Afghanistan") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Australia "Suicide in Australia") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Bangladesh "Suicide in Bangladesh") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Belarus "Suicide in Belarus") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Bhutan "Suicide in Bhutan") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Cameroon "Suicide in Cameroon") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Canada "Suicide in Canada") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_China "Suicide in China") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_France "Suicide in France") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suicide_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1 "Suicide in Denmark (page does not exist)") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Greenland "Suicide in Greenland") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Greece "Suicide in Greece") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Guyana "Suicide in Guyana") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Hong_Kong "Suicide in Hong Kong") [student](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_suicides_in_Hong_Kong "Student suicides in Hong Kong") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_India "Suicide in India") [youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_suicide_in_India "Youth suicide in India") [farmers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_India "Farmers' suicides in India") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Iran "Suicide in Iran") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Ireland "Suicide in Ireland") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Japan "Suicide in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Kazakhstan "Suicide in Kazakhstan") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lesotho "Suicide in Lesotho") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Lithuania "Suicide in Lithuania") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Mexico "Suicide in Mexico") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Mozambique "Suicide in Mozambique") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Nepal "Suicide in Nepal") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Nigeria "Suicide in Nigeria") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Pakistan "Suicide in Pakistan") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Romania "Suicide in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Russia "Suicide in Russia") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Saudi_Arabia "Suicide in Saudi Arabia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Singapore "Suicide in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_South_Korea "Suicide in South Korea") [LGBT youth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ideation_in_South_Korean_LGBT_youth "Suicidal ideation in South Korean LGBT youth") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Spain "Suicide in Spain") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Sri_Lanka "Suicide in Sri Lanka") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Sweden "Suicide in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Switzerland "Suicide in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Ukraine "Suicide in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom "Suicide in the United Kingdom") [Assisted suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom "Assisted suicide in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_States "Suicide in the United States") [Assisted suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_suicide_in_the_United_States "Assisted suicide in the United States") [college](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_colleges_in_the_United_States "Suicide in colleges in the United States") [farmers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmers%27_suicides_in_the_United_States "Farmers' suicides in the United States") [military veteran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_veteran_suicide "United States military veteran suicide") [Native American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States "Suicide among Native Americans in the United States") [teenage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_suicide_in_the_United_States "Teenage suicide in the United States") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_in_Uruguay "Suicide in Uruguay") \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Youth_suicide&oldid=1306444141>" [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Youth suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Youth_suicides "Category:Youth suicides") Hidden categories: - [All articles with incomplete citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations "Category:All articles with incomplete citations") - [Articles with incomplete citations from July 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_July_2024 "Category:Articles with incomplete citations from July 2024") - [All articles lacking reliable references](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references "Category:All articles lacking 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