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| Meta Title | White House COVID-19 outbreak - Wikipedia |
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| Boilerpipe Text | White House COVID-19 outbreak
President
Donald Trump
speaking during the event held to announce
Amy Coney Barrett
's nomination to the
Supreme Court
in the
White House Rose Garden
Disease
COVID-19
Virus strain
SARS-CoV-2
Location
White House
,
Washington, D.C.
, United States
First reported
October 1, 2020
Index case
September 30, 2020
Arrival date
September 26, 2020
; 5 years ago
Confirmed cases
Total:
At least 53, including President Trump
[
1
]
Pre-nomination:
At least six as of October 14
[
2
]
Nomination:
At least 25 as of October 14
[
2
]
Pence staff:
At least 5 as of November 11
[
3
]
Election Day:
At least 20 as of November 11
[
3
]
Hospitalized cases
At least one, by October 15
[
4
]
The
White House COVID-19 outbreak
was a cluster of
SARS-CoV-2
infections that began in September 2020 and ended in January 2021 that spread among people, including many
U.S. government
officials, who were in close contact during the
COVID-19 pandemic
in Washington, D.C. Numerous high-profile individuals were infected, including President
Donald Trump
, who was hospitalized for three days.
[
5
]
At least 48
White House
staff members or associates, closely working with White House personnel, tested positive for the virus.
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
6
]
The White House resisted efforts to engage in
contact tracing
, leaving it unclear how many people were infected in total and what the origins of the spread were.
[
7
]
Many of the infections appeared to be related to a ceremony held on September 26 in the
Rose Garden
for
the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court
, where seating was not
socially distanced
and participants were mostly unmasked. His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".
[
8
]
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until one year later, in October 2021.
[
8
]
Trump himself may have been infectious at that point, but he and his entourage attended several subsequent events unmasked, including
the first presidential debate
against
Joe Biden
in
Cleveland
, Ohio on September 29.
[
9
]
The next day, Presidential Counselor
Hope Hicks
was placed in quarantine aboard
Air Force One
while returning with Trump from a campaign event in
Minnesota
. Following that, the president proceeded on schedule to an October
1
New Jersey
fundraiser where he mingled, unmasked, with donors.
[
10
]
More infections were reported in late October among Vice President
Mike Pence
's staff,
[
11
]
and a second large outbreak occurred after
Election Day
, after Trump held a watch party in the
East Room
.
[
12
]
Other infections included First Lady
Melania Trump
;
Republican
Senators
Thom Tillis
,
Mike Lee
, and
Ron Johnson
; Republican Representative
Matt Gaetz
;
Trump campaign
manager
Bill Stepien
;
RNC
Chair
Ronna McDaniel
; former White House counselor
Kellyanne Conway
; former New Jersey Governor
Chris Christie
;
Notre Dame
president
John I. Jenkins
; Press Secretary
Kayleigh McEnany
; presidential advisor
Stephen Miller
; Chief of Staff
Mark Meadows
; and Housing and Urban Development Secretary
Ben Carson
. As of November 11, at least 48 people had tested positive.
[
2
]
[
3
]
At least one person, White House security office head Crede Bailey, was reported as "gravely ill,"
[
13
]
having fallen sick in September prior to the Rose Garden event.
The Rose Garden cluster emerged in the final weeks of
Trump's campaign
for the
2020 presidential election
, a little more than a month before the last day of voting, November
3. Commentators were critical of the White House for providing conflicting information about Trump's condition and the timeline of his infection, as well as delaying the disclosure of the initial diagnoses of White House staffers.
[
14
]
According to
public health
experts such as
Anthony Fauci
, the director of the
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
and a member of the
White House Coronavirus Task Force
, the outbreak could have been prevented.
[
15
]
[
16
]
[
17
]
Timeline of viral transmission
[
edit
]
Press Briefing by White House COVID-19 Response Team and Public Health Officials, 2021-05-18
Throughout the
COVID-19 pandemic
,
Donald Trump
and
William Barr
discouraged officials and staff from wearing
masks
. Those in the
West Wing
who did use them often faced ridicule from others.
[
18
]
In April, the
White House
became one of the first locations to gain access to rapid-turnaround
COVID-19 tests
.
[
19
]
The White House relied upon rapid-tests which lacked
FDA
-approval for use in
asymptomatic
individuals.
[
20
]
Throughout the spring, there had been sporadic cases of
COVID-19
reported at the White House. On March 20, it was announced that a staffer for Vice President
Mike Pence
had tested positive and was experiencing very mild symptoms, though neither Trump nor Pence had been in close contact with the staffer.
[
21
]
On May 7, an unnamed personal valet to the president tested positive, and the following day, Pence spokesperson
Katie Miller
tested positive for COVID-19. Miller's positive test result caused several other Pence staffers who were in close contact with her to be removed from
Air Force Two
before Pence's trip to
Iowa
, but neither Trump nor Pence had been in recent close contact with Miller.
[
22
]
In June, the White House scaled back the screening regime, but still required screening and testing for anyone coming into contact with the president or vice president.
[
23
]
Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed
[
edit
]
Herman Cain
died from COVID-19 on July 30, 2020.
A Stanford preprint study concluded that likely over 30,000 cases and 700 deaths could be attributed to
Trump rallies
held between June 20 and September 22.
[
24
]
[
25
]
On June 20, Trump held a
campaign rally in Tulsa
, the first since the start of the pandemic.
[
26
]
Attendees who tested positive include two
Secret Service
agents, two staffers, the girlfriend of the President's eldest son,
Kimberly Guilfoyle
and politician
Herman Cain
.
[
27
]
[
28
]
[
29
]
[
30
]
[
31
]
Cain died from the disease on July 30.
[
32
]
Tulsa experienced a significant increase in cases after the rally.
[
33
]
From August 17–20, Trump held rallies at
Mankato, Minnesota
and
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
. About 500 attended Mankato, and masks and social distancing were not used.
[
34
]
Several hundred attended the event in Lackawanna, masks were mostly used but social distancing was not.
[
35
]
Both communities experienced surges of COVID-19 in the wake of the rallies.
[
36
]
Over Labor Day Weekend (Sept 5–7), Crede Bailey, the head of the White House security office, became sick with COVID-19. He was hospitalized sometime in September, becoming gravely ill. The White House kept his condition secret and declined to comment when his condition was reported in the news on October 7.
[
37
]
On September 13, Trump held a 5,000 person rally in
Henderson, Nevada
, violating of the state's ban on gatherings larger than 50 people and resulting in a fine.
[
38
]
One case was later traced to "a political rally".
[
38
]
On September 16, it was reported that at least one unnamed staffer had tested positive.
[
39
]
[
40
]
After Trump's hospitalization, it was revealed that two members of the residence staff had tested positive that week.
[
41
]
On September 17, Trump held a rally at an airport in
Mosinee, Wisconsin
; Thousands attended, few masks were worn and social distancing was not observed.
[
42
]
[
43
]
The county experienced a surge in COVID-19.
[
36
]
Trump held a rally in
Bemidji, Minnesota
on September 18. Thousands attended in violation of the
Minnesota
ban on gatherings of more than 250, few attendees wore face masks, and there was no social distancing.
[
38
]
16 cases were linked to the rally, including two who were hospitalized.
[
44
]
[
45
]
[
46
]
[
36
]
The county saw a spike of COVID-19 after the rally.
[
36
]
On September 24, Mike Pence and
Ivanka Trump
held an event at a
Minneapolis
hotel. Three attendees would later test positive.
[
47
]
Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25
[
edit
]
Trump met
Republican National Committee
chairwoman
Ronna McDaniel
, McEnany, and others at a September 25 fundraiser at the
Trump International Hotel
.
[
48
]
[
49
]
[
50
]
On October 1, McDaniel appeared on
Fox News
and made no mention of her health,
[
51
]
despite receiving confirmation of her positive test result on the afternoon of September 30.
[
52
]
[
53
]
Two days later, an RNC spokesperson announced that McDaniel had tested positive.
[
49
]
[
54
]
Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26
[
edit
]
President Trump announcing his Supreme Court nomination in the Rose Garden
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the
White House Rose Garden
announcing
Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court
following the
death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg
.
[
55
]
More than 150 people attended; they were told they did not need to wear masks if they had tested negative that day. Chairs for the outdoor ceremony were placed side by side, and there were two crowded indoor receptions.
[
50
]
[
56
]
At least seven attendees tested positive for
SARS-CoV-2
in the following week, including
[
57
]
President
Trump
, First Lady
Melania Trump
, Senators
Mike Lee
and
Thom Tillis
,
University of Notre Dame
president
John I. Jenkins
, former Counselor to the President
Kellyanne Conway
, and former New Jersey Governor
Chris Christie
.
[
58
]
[
59
]
Barrett had suffered infection in the summer before recovering and testing negative.
[
60
]
[
61
]
Michael D. Shear
, a White House correspondent for
The New York Times
, first tested positive for the virus October
2, as did many others. He was not present at the Rose Garden event, but had visited the White House on September 27 for a COVID-19 test, required before traveling with the President to a rally in
Pennsylvania
.
[
62
]
President Trump announces nominee for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Kellyanne Conway's daughter Claudia revealed on social media on the evening of October
2 that her mother had tested positive for COVID-19.
[
63
]
The same day, Senators Lee and Tillis were revealed to have tested positive.
[
64
]
[
49
]
[
52
]
Christie confirmed on October
3 that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Christie had been present at debate preparation for Trump as well as the nomination ceremony for Barrett.
[
65
]
[
66
]
Later that day, Christie announced he was hospitalized after his condition worsened; Christie received an experimental antibody cocktail from
Eli Lilly
as well as
remdesivir
.
[
67
]
[
68
]
Lee was filmed hugging other attendees while not wearing a mask.
[
58
]
Five of the infected were seated in the front three rows at the event, in close contact with
Republican
senior officials.
[
69
]
Christie was released from the
Morristown Medical Center
in New Jersey on October 10.
[
70
]
Jenkins later issued a statement saying: "I regret my error of judgment in not wearing a mask during the ceremony and by shaking hands with a number of people in the Rose Garden."
[
58
]
Infectious disease physician
Robert L. Murphy
said that if the infections are traced to the Rose Garden ceremony, they may have been started by a
superspreader
(a highly contagious person), and that they could have been avoided if face masks were worn and social distancing was practiced. He said, "Whoever got this thing going is a superspreader".
[
71
]
The outdoor portion of the event was less likely to be a super-spreader event than the indoor portion.
[
72
]
At least 10 members of the Notre Dame faculty besides Jenkins attended the event, but as of October
7, none had tested positive.
[
73
]
On November 10, it was announced that one attendee,
Harry R. Jackson Jr.
, had died; no cause of death was given.
[
74
]
The White House did not do
contact tracing
to minimize the spread of the outbreak, limiting any effort to notify those who have been exposed to Trump.
[
41
]
[
75
]
[
76
]
The
Centers for Disease Control
made several offers to assist the White House with contact tracing, but they were repeatedly declined.
[
77
]
[
75
]
On October 6, the White House announced that it had completed contact tracing, but several reporters who had tested positive for the virus said the White House had not reached out to them.
[
78
]
Trump tests positive, September 26
[
edit
]
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until late 2021.
[
8
]
His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".
[
8
]
Despite testing positive, Trump traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the
Harrisburg International Airport
in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.
[
79
]
The governor opposed the rally, arguing: "It is gravely concerning that the president would insist on holding this event with blatant disregard for social distancing and masking requirements. His decision to bring thousands of people together in a tight space in the midst of a global pandemic caused by an airborne virus is flat out wrong."
[
80
]
After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's contact tracing program.
[
81
]
In the wake of the rally, the county saw a surge in COVID-19.
[
36
]
Gold Star families reception, September 27
[
edit
]
President Trump addresses an unmasked crowd at a White House reception for Gold Star families on Sept. 27.
Trump hosted
Gold Star families
and
Pentagon
leaders in the East Room of the White House. Attendees were photographed seated in close proximity and not wearing masks. Defense Secretary
Mark Esper
and General
Mark Milley
, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, attended the event.
[
82
]
Admiral
Charles Ray
, vice commandant of the Coast Guard, attended the event, later tested positive and entered
isolation
on Oct 6. On October
2, Ray attended meetings at the Pentagon with members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. On Oct
6 all but one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff –
Gen. David H. Berger
, Commandant of the Marine Corps – went into isolation, including Milley, Vice chairman
John E. Hyten
, Chief of Naval Operations
Michael M. Gilday
, Chief of Staff of the Army
James C. McConville
, Air Force Chief of Staff
Charles Q. Brown Jr.
, Chief of Space Operations
John W. Raymond
, Chief the National Guard Bureau
Daniel Hokanson
, and Commander of U.S. Cyber Command
Paul Nakasone
.
[
83
]
[
84
]
[
85
]
Of those quarantined, General Nakasone is a
combatant commander
, part of the direct chain of command from the president to the military, and also the Director of the
National Security Agency
.
[
86
]
General
Gary L. Thomas
, assistant commandant of the Marine Corps, stood in for Gen. Berger at the meeting and later tested positive with symptoms.
[
87
]
First presidential debate, September 26–29
[
edit
]
Multiple White House personnel attended the
September 29 debate
at the
Cleveland Clinic
.
[
88
]
Trump, Melania, and senior advisor
Hope Hicks
attended the debate and later tested positive.
[
89
]
Senior advisor
Stephen Miller
was also on Air Force One for the trip
[
90
]
and later tested positive.
[
91
]
Also in attendance were Ivanka Trump and her siblings, Donald Jr., Eric, Lara and Tiffany Trump.
[
92
]
Trump prepared for the debate between September 26 and September 29 in the
Map Room
of the White House.
[
93
]
His debate preparation team included Chris Christie, Hope Hicks, Kellyanne Conway,
Rudy Giuliani
,
Jason Miller
,
Mark Meadows
,
Jared Kushner
,
Kayleigh McEnany
,
Alyssa Farah
,
[
94
]
and Stephen Miller.
[
95
]
Christie stated that no masks were worn.
[
96
]
Five of the 10 debate prep team members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within a week after the debate. The
City of Cleveland
said that at least 11 people who "were either members of the media or were scheduled to work logistics/set-up the days prior to the event" later tested positive.
[
97
]
A year later, Christie—who had spent four days in the room with Trump, roleplaying Joe Biden—recalled that there had been seven people in the debate preparation room, and "six of the seven of us in that room got [COVID-19]." Those six included Trump, Christie, Hicks, Stepien, Conway, and Miller. Christie, who eventually required intensive care for his COVID-19, said "I think it's undeniable" that Trump was the source of the infection, given that Trump was "the only person [about whom] I didn't know his testing regimen." Christie complained that neither Trump nor White House chief of staff Mark Meadows had revealed the president's positive test result before or during the debate preparations.
[
98
]
Prior to the debate, both the
Biden
and
Trump campaigns
agreed with the
Commission on Presidential Debates
that all attendees would be masked, with the exception of the two presidential candidates and debate moderator
Chris Wallace
.
[
99
]
Masking was enforced at the door, but several of Trump's guests in the audience, including his wife Melania, his family members, and senior staff, removed their masks after entering
the hall
. When Trump's guests were personally offered masks by Cleveland Clinic staff, they declined.
[
100
]
[
101
]
[
102
]
[
103
]
All attendees were supposed to be tested for
coronavirus
before admission. After the outbreak was public, Wallace revealed that Trump and his personnel arrived too late to be tested, and were instead admitted to the debate hall under "an
honor system
".
[
104
]
In the coming days, the White House repeatedly declined to say when Trump last tested negative, raising speculation that he may have gone untested or even tested positive prior to the debate.
[
105
]
[
106
]
On October
6, the New York Times broke news that, despite public impressions to the contrary, Donald Trump was not actually being tested daily.
[
107
]
The timeline raised the possibility that Trump "might have tested positive before the Sept. 29 debate, failed to disclose it and showed up at the debate anyway."
[
108
]
Hope Hicks diagnosed
[
edit
]
On Wednesday, Trump went to suburban Minneapolis for a private fundraiser at the home of Marty Davis, CEO of kitchen counter-top manufacturer
Cambria
.
[
109
]
Thirteen members of the catering staff were quarantined after their exposure.
[
109
]
That fundraiser was followed by a rally in
Duluth
.
[
110
]
Hope Hicks, one of his closest advisors, accompanied Trump aboard Air Force One. The rally ended around 10
p.m. EDT.
[
111
]
The
Minnesota Department of Health
later traced four cases to the Duluth rally.
[
47
]
During the Minnesota rally, Hicks stayed aboard the plane because she was not feeling well, and she quarantined herself at the back of the plane for the flight home.
[
112
]
A test confirmed her diagnosis as COVID-positive.
[
113
]
[
114
]
Aides sensed that Trump was not feeling well during the Wednesday trip.
[
115
]
The White House initially sought to keep Hicks' diagnosis secret, and as of the morning of Thursday, October
1, only a very small group of senior White House officials knew of Hicks' diagnosis. No mention of her diagnosis was made in press secretary Kayleigh McEnany's news briefing that day.
[
114
]
[
115
]
McEnany later tested positive.
[
116
]
After learning of Hicks's positive test,
CNN
reporter
Kaitlan Collins
said, "Why did the press secretary still hold a briefing despite knowing she had come into contact with somebody who had just tested positive for coronavirus? She didn't even tell us. Didn't even tell reporters who were on the plane. Didn't disclose any of that."
[
117
]
McEnany later said she did not learn about Hicks until later that day.
[
112
]
Hicks' diagnosis was first reported by
Jennifer Jacobs
and Jordan Fabian of
Bloomberg
at 8:07
p.m. on October
1.
[
118
]
[
119
]
[
120
]
Bedminster fundraiser, October 1
[
edit
]
At least five of Trump's closest associates cancelled their scheduled travel to a fundraiser at
Bedminster
: daughter Ivanka Trump, son-in-law Jared Kushner,
body man
Nick Luna, Trump's deputy chief of staff for communications
Dan Scavino
, and press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.
[
121
]
Despite his exposure, Trump proceeded with the event, flying aboard Air Force One.
[
122
]
[
121
]
The event had an indoor roundtable, an indoor VIP reception, and an outdoor reception.
[
123
]
Trump spoke without a mask to over 200 supporters, most of whom also did not wear a mask.
[
124
]
[
125
]
Attendees noted that Trump seemed "lethargic" and "not himself".
[
114
]
[
126
]
He showed symptoms of a mild cough, some
nasal congestion
, and
fatigue
.
[
127
]
Jayna McCarron,
Coast Guard
aide to President Trump, was assigned to accompany Trump to the Bedminster fundraiser. She later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.
[
128
]
Trump announces positive test result
[
edit
]
President Trump departs the White House for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result
[
121
]
on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a
PCR test
when he did a live phone interview on
Hannity
.
[
129
]
Sean Hannity
of
Fox News
brought up Bloomberg's report about Hicks and asked for an update, whereupon Trump publicly mentioned Hicks' diagnosis for the first time, saying, "I just heard about this. She tested positive."
[
130
]
[
131
]
Trump stated, "It is very, very hard when you are with people from the
military
, or from
law enforcement
, and they come over to you, and they want to hug you, and they want to kiss you because we really have done a good job for them."
[
132
]
[
133
]
Without disclosing that he had already tested positive, he announced that he and the first lady were being tested for SARS-CoV-2.
[
134
]
[
101
]
[
118
]
He repeated this via Twitter after the interview. Later that night, the result of the PCR test also came in positive.
[
134
]
Trump was hospitalized the next day, October 2.
[
135
]
On October 2, it was announced that Trump 2020 campaign manager
Bill Stepien
tested positive,
[
136
]
as did
Wisconsin
U.S. Senator
Ron Johnson
, who had been exposed to someone who tested positive when he returned to Washington D.C. on September 29.
[
137
]
When he announced his test on October 3, Johnson said he had been with Trump over the last several weeks.
[
138
]
Three White House
press room journalists
, including Michael D. Shear, also tested positive on October
2, as did a White House staffer who works with the press.
[
139
]
On October 9, Representative
Mike Bost
was announced to have tested positive and developed symptoms after interacting with Sen. Mike Lee.
[
140
]
Trump's personal attendant Nick Luna's positive test results were announced on October
3. Luna had been at the debate and on the flight to Minnesota.
[
141
]
Claudia Conway, the daughter of Kellyanne Conway, announced on October
4 that she had tested positive as well.
[
142
]
Also on October 4, Attorney General
Barr
reversed his previous stance and announced he would be entering quarantine.
[
143
]
On October
5, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany announced she had also tested positive.
[
144
]
Two other White House press room staffers, Chad Gilmartin and
Karoline Leavitt
, were also reported to have tested positive on October
5.
[
145
]
On October
6, new announced infections included: assistant press secretary Jalen Drummond, presidential military aide Jayna McCarron, and an unidentified military aide.
[
128
]
[
146
]
On October 7, 2020, Bloomberg News cited four people who reported that head of the White House Security Officer Crede Bailey was "gravely ill" with COVID-19 and had been in hospital since September.
[
37
]
Bailey had been ill even before the September 26 Rose Garden event.
[
37
]
[
13
]
Presidential hospitalization and early release
[
edit
]
Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2
[
edit
]
At 12:54 a.m.
EDT
on October 2, Trump announced via Twitter that both he and the first lady had tested positive for the
SARS-CoV-2
virus that night.
[
148
]
[
149
]
The afternoon of the same day, the White House announced that Trump would be hospitalized at
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
in
Bethesda, Maryland
"for the next few days" "out of an abundance of caution", on the recommendation of the medical team headed by
Sean Conley
, a
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
who had been the
Physician to the President
since 2018. Because he was a
Navy
commander, Conley was obliged to follow the orders of his commander-in-chief.
[
41
]
Trump, who was wearing a mask, was briefly filmed walking unassisted from the White House to the
Marine One
helicopter outside to transport him to Walter Reed.
[
135
]
According to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, Trump was hospitalized because he "had a fever and his
blood oxygen
level had dropped rapidly".
[
150
]
The
Associated Press
reported that "a person familiar with Trump's condition confirmed that Trump was given
oxygen
at the White House" in the morning before arriving at Walter Reed, although Trump's doctors refused to say whether he had ever been given supplemental oxygen.
[
151
]
Trump had Walter Reed personnel sign
non-disclosure agreements
in 2019 before they could be involved in treating him. Two doctors refused to sign the NDAs and were not allowed to have any involvement in his care. Medical personnel are already prohibited by the
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
(HIPAA) from releasing personal health information without consent. Medical ethics professor
Arthur Caplan
called the NDAs redundant.
[
152
]
On Friday afternoon, physicians revealed Trump had been given an experimental course of
monoclonal antibodies
from drug maker
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
,
[
153
]
which further confirmed that Trump had received an "8
gram dose of
REGN-COV2
".
[
154
]
The drug was immediately provided in response to a "
compassionate use
" request from the medical team.
[
153
]
That night, Trump received his first infusion of remdesivir, an antiviral drug that disrupts virus replication. Remdesivir has not been approved by the
Food and Drug Administration
, but has been used as an emergency treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
[
155
]
The extremely aggressive combination was described as "uncharted territory"; Trump is believed to be the first individual to ever undergo both treatments simultaneously.
[
156
]
Steroid treatment, October 3
[
edit
]
Dr. Sean Conley, Physician to the President, provides an update.
At an 11 a.m. press conference on October 3, Conley stated that Trump was not currently on oxygen, that he had not had a fever for the past 24
hours, and that he was "doing very well".
[
157
]
[
158
]
[
159
]
Conley described Trump as being "just 72
hours into the diagnosis now", raising questions among journalists about when the diagnosis had actually been made, since it had been publicly announced only 36
hours previously. A 72-hour timeline would suggest that Trump actually knew he had the infection on September 30, but proceeded with his plans for a public rally that evening and a fundraiser on October 1.
[
160
]
Conley later clarified that he had meant "day three" instead of "72 hours", referring to the then-current time of Saturday morning compared to the diagnosis time of Thursday night (about 36 hours). Doctors also revealed that he had exhibited symptoms on October 1, including a "mild cough, and some nasal congestion and fatigue".
[
127
]
When Conley was asked if Trump was on
steroids
, Conley ended the briefing.
[
161
]
[
162
]
Trump in the Walter Reed conference room, October 3
[
163
]
Minutes after the press conference, an anonymous source – later identified as Meadows
[
164
]
– contradicted the assessment from the doctors, saying "The president's vitals over the last 24
hours were very concerning and the next 48
hours will be critical in terms of his care", adding "We're still not on a clear path yet to a full recovery."
[
151
]
[
165
]
Shortly thereafter, Meadows stated
on the record
the president was "doing very well".
[
166
]
That night, Conley warned that Trump was "not yet out of the woods" with regard to his condition.
[
167
]
The White House released two photos which showed Trump working at the hospital, according to their captions. White House reporter
Andrew Feinberg
noted that in one of the photos the president was signing documents that appeared to be blank.
[
163
]
Motorcade excursion, October 4
[
edit
]
Press update on President Trump, October
4
In an October 4 press conference, Trump's medical team said that he was "doing really well" after his oxygen level dipped the day before and after he was given the steroid
dexamethasone
, which works by reducing inflammation in the lungs.
[
168
]
Asked if CT scans showed
pneumonia
or lung damage, Conley said, "There's some expected findings, but nothing of any major clinical concern." He declined to say what was found.
[
169
]
When asked why he was reluctant to disclose that Trump had been given oxygen during the October
3 briefing, Conley stated that he did not want to "give any information that might steer the course of illness in another direction" and "it came off that we're trying to hide something, which wasn't necessarily true."
[
170
]
White House Director of Strategic Communications Alyssa Farah later stated that it was "a common medical practice that you want to convey confidence, and you want to raise the spirits of the person you're treating," while also asserting that Meadows' anonymous statement to reporters was intended to "give you guys more information just to try to be as transparent as we can," effectively conceding Conley was addressing the president on television, rather than the public.
[
171
]
[
14
]
The president was reported to be angry about Meadows' off-the-record assessment.
[
164
]
Trump greets supporters from inside an SUV on October 4.
Later in the day, Trump briefly departed the hospital to ride past a gathering of supporters at the medical center, waving from the back seat of an
SUV
, before returning.
[
172
]
Medical experts stated that the short outing endangered the Secret Service agents accompanying Trump inside the vehicle due to his infection.
[
173
]
[
174
]
James Phillips, doctor of emergency medicine at
George Washington University
and an attending physician at Walter Reed, sharply criticized the drive-by as "insanity" for "political theater" and wrote that Trump had endangered the Secret Service agents in the presidential SUV by potentially exposing them to COVID-19.
[
175
]
[
176
]
Within the Secret Service, some agents expressed outrage or frustration with Trump's behavior.
[
173
]
[
177
]
[
178
]
One anonymous agent told journalists, "He's not even pretending to care now."
[
177
]
Joseph Petro
, a former veteran Secret Service agent and senior official, wrote in a
Washington Post
op-ed that Trump's behavior was part of a longstanding pattern of endangering others; he also criticized Secret Service management for an "inexcusable lack of concern" for the health of agents and their families.
[
179
]
Return to White House, October 5
[
edit
]
Press update on President Trump, October
5
Trump discharged on October 5, 2020, from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
At 2:37
p.m. EDT on October 5, Trump tweeted that he would be discharged from the hospital at 6:30
p.m. that day.
[
180
]
However, doctors said in an afternoon news briefing that Trump continued to be treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir.
[
181
]
The prospect of Trump's early release astonished
infectious disease
experts, who noted that Trump planned to be discharged in a period when COVID-19 patients are particularly vulnerable (7–10 days after symptoms first appear) to unpredictable and rapid declines in condition.
[
169
]
Outside physicians stated that the depiction of Trump's illness as relatively mild was inconsistent with the
aggressive treatment
he was receiving.
[
169
]
Trump's medical team made cryptic remarks about his status and declined to say whether Trump's CT scans contained indications of pneumonia or lung damage.
[
169
]
Trump made phone calls in which he shared the idea of him leaving the hospital feigning frailty, but would then rip open his dress shirt to reveal a
Superman
T-shirt underneath, as reported by
The New York Times
.
[
182
]
After reportedly pressuring his doctors to release him,
[
183
]
he was discharged and arrived at the White House shortly before 7:00
p.m. He stood for a
photo op
at the South Portico balcony, where he removed his mask despite being potentially contagious.
[
184
]
[
185
]
Having climbed two flights of stairs to the balcony, Trump appeared to breathe heavily as he steadied himself. He then gave a salute before walking inside.
[
181
]
[
183
]
He later went back outside with a camera crew to reshoot his entrance.
[
186
]
Within an hour of his arrival Trump released a video message and a promotional video, set to dramatic orchestral music, showing Marine One's flight and landing and his saluting pose from the balcony.
[
187
]
[
188
]
[
189
]
In the video message he said, "We're going back to work. We're going to be out front. As your leader, I had to do that. I knew there's danger to it, but I had to do it. I stood out front. I led. Nobody that's a leader would not do what I did. And I know there's a risk, there's a danger, but that's OK. And now I'm better and maybe I'm immune, I don't know. But don't let it dominate your lives." The message was widely criticized.
The New York Times
commented, "Trump's statement was meant to cast his illness as an act of courage rather than the predictable outcome of recklessness."
[
183
]
He also echoed a message he had earlier tweeted: "Don't be afraid of
Covid
. Don't let it dominate your life" – a message which reportedly angered many survivors of the virus or people who had lost loved ones to the disease.
[
190
]
The New York Times
tabulated that Trump's tests, treatments,
airlifts
, and hospital stay, if given to an average American, would have cost more than $100,000. The helicopter rides alone would have cost $40,000 after insurance.
[
191
]
Return to the West Wing, October 6–7
[
edit
]
On October 6 and 7, Trump made no public appearances and had an empty public schedule, although he made more than 50
Twitter posts
.
[
192
]
In the tweets, Trump compared SARS-CoV-2 to
the flu
and falsely claimed that the flu had higher death rates: "Are we going to close down our Country (because of the flu)? No, we have learned to live with it, just like we are learning to live with Covid, in most populations far less lethal!!!"
[
193
]
Many doctors expressed alarm at the notion that the public should "learn to live with" the pandemic. Twitter tagged the post with a "misleading and potentially harmful information" flag, and Facebook removed a similar post by Trump.
[
193
]
Four
hours after the tweet, and after it was flagged by Twitter's staff, Trump tweeted "REPEAL SECTION 230", an attack against
Section 230
of the
Communications Decency Act
, which protects online platforms from litigation surrounding the content their users post.
[
194
]
Trump's behavior on October 6 caused some White House staffers to wonder if he was being influenced by the cocktail of drugs he had been taking. Aides said that Trump still sometimes sounded as if he was trying to catch his breath;
[
107
]
Trump continued to receive remdesivir treatment inside the White House and conducted business without wearing a mask.
[
195
]
Dr. Conley said in a
memo
that Trump has "no symptoms" and is doing "extremely well."
[
196
]
On October 7, Trump insisted on conducting business in the
Oval Office
, although he was supposed to be quarantined in the
residential portion of the White House
and rooms had been set up there where he could work. He reportedly entered the Oval Office through an outdoor entrance so as not to encounter staff. Only two aides – Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino – spent time with him there, fully dressed in
personal protective equipment
.
[
197
]
[
198
]
Return to public events, October 8–12
[
edit
]
Trump speaking to a crowd in the White House grounds on October 10, 2020
Trump suggested that he could have contracted COVID-19 from family members of fallen soldiers who were at the September 27 reception for Gold Star Families. He said on a
Fox Business
interview on October 8 that the family members "come within an inch of my face" and that "They want to hug me, and they want to kiss me."
[
199
]
Trump did not wear a mask during the event. The White House later clarified that "based on
contact tracing
, the data we have, we don't think it arose from that event" while defending holding such events indoors with few or no masks.
[
200
]
Trump also said in the interview that he remains on dexamethasone.
[
201
]
Dr. Conley issued a memo that day saying that Trump's condition was stable and he was "devoid of symptoms". He added that "Saturday (October 10) will be day 10 since Thursday's diagnosis, and based on the trajectory of advanced diagnostics the team has been conducting, I fully anticipate the president's safe return to public engagements at that time."
[
202
]
Ten to 20 days is the
CDC
's recommendation for how long people should isolate themselves after having COVID-19.
[
203
]
In an interview that night, Trump said he would like to hold a rally in Florida on October 10 and one in Pennsylvania on the 11th.
[
203
]
On October 10, Trump held his first public event since being diagnosed with the virus, speaking briefly from the
South Lawn
portico to hundreds of guests.
[
204
]
Conley said on October 12 that Trump tested negative on "consecutive days" using
rapid antigen tests
and that the results of a PCR test, along with CDC guidelines for mild to moderate cases, indicate that he is not infectious.
[
205
]
[
206
]
The CDC says it "does not recommend using antigen tests to make decisions about discontinuing isolation" and that negative tests should be confirmed with a PCR test.
[
207
]
Later that day, Trump held his first rally since being diagnosed, in
Sanford, Florida
.
[
208
]
The Wall Street Journal
,
The Washington Post
, and other news outlets did not send reporters to travel with Trump, citing concerns over basic precautions.
[
209
]
Subsequent outbreaks
[
edit
]
In late October,
ABC News
learned an unidentified staffer in the
vice president's office
had tested positive.
[
210
]
Days later, it was announced that five close advisers to Pence had tested positive:
Marc Short
, Chief of Staff to the Vice President; Marty Obst, one of the Vice President's closest advisors; Zach Bauer, the Vice President's "body man;" as well as two unnamed members of Pence's staff.
[
211
]
[
212
]
[
213
]
After initially trying to keep the outbreak quiet, the White House announced that Pence would continue with his schedule, including political rallies, despite having been in "close contact with Mr. Short".
[
214
]
[
210
]
Election Night party
[
edit
]
On November 3, 2020,
Election Day
, Donald Trump held a party for staffers and
campaign
officials in the
East Room
of the White House. The party was unprecedented in its size and scope.
[
215
]
Similarly to the Barrett nomination, few people wore masks or practiced social distancing.
[
216
]
On November 6, White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' positive COVID-19 test was made public.
[
217
]
Meadows had been diagnosed on the 4th, but tried to keep his results secret, a move that concerned officials.
[
218
]
[
219
]
Diagnoses for
Cassidy Hutchinson
, an aide to Meadows,
[
220
]
Nick Trainor, a director for the Trump campaign, and five White House staffers
[
217
]
were also made public on the 6th. The following day,
Jared Kushner
aide Charlton Boyd
[
221
]
was reported to be infected, and Florida Representative
Matt Gaetz
announced he had developed antibodies for the virus.
[
222
]
On November 9, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Ben Carson
and
Citizens United
head
David Bossie
tested positive for COVID-19. According to his brother, Carson was "in good spirits".
[
12
]
Two days later,
Brian Jack
, White House political director, and
2016 campaign
spokesperson
Healy Baumgardner
were diagnosed.
[
223
]
On November 12, it was revealed that party attendees
Corey Lewandowski
, a Trump campaign advisor, and Republican strategist and lobbyist Jeff Miller tested positive for coronavirus.
[
219
]
On November 13, media outlets reported that over 130 Secret Service officers had been forced to self-isolate because they tested positive for the coronavirus or had been in close contact with infected individuals.
[
224
]
Effects on election and congressional activities
[
edit
]
Vice presidential debate
[
edit
]
Two days before the debate between Pence and Sen.
Kamala Harris
, the Commission on Presidential Debates announced that the stage at the
University of Utah
would feature
plexiglass
barriers separating Pence, Harris, and the moderator
Susan Page
of
USA Today
.
[
225
]
[
226
]
[
227
]
At the Rose Garden ceremony on September 26, Pence had sat one row away from Mike Lee, five seats away from Thom Tillis, and three rows away from Kayleigh McEnany.
[
225
]
Pence was also with Trump and Melania at the reception for Gold Star Families and was with Trump in the Oval Office the day of the first presidential debate.
[
228
]
Pence's physician said that Pence, who tested negative, was not a close contact with anyone who had tested positive and did not need to quarantine.
[
225
]
[
229
]
The night before the debate, the Trump White House released a letter from
Robert Redfield
, the director of the CDC, to Pence's chief of staff Marc Short, in which Redfield declared that, based on his negative test results and discussions with Pence's physician, "the CDC concludes from a public health standpoint" that it was safe for Pence to debate.
[
230
]
Redfield's letter, which was possibly unprecedented in CDC's history, sparked an outcry from public health experts inside and outside the CDC (such as
Angela Rasmussen
) because the agency had not conducted an investigation into Pence's contacts; some within the CDC also objected to the letter on the grounds that it constituted a use of Pence's "special privileged access to the nation's top public health official" for a political purpose.
[
230
]
Some outside observers also raised
continuity-of-government
concerns with Pence declining to quarantine.
[
231
]
Despite his known exposure, Pence initially asked to not have a plexiglass barrier on his side of the stage. His spokesperson, Katie Miller, argued that the twelve feet of distance between the participants made the precaution unnecessary,
[
225
]
and mocked Harris for using the barrier.
[
232
]
The day before the debate, Pence dropped his objections and agreed to the barrier.
[
225
]
A number of experts noted that a plexiglass barrier would not prevent
airborne transmission
, which given the stage setup was the biggest hazard.
[
233
]
Though the Biden-Harris campaign sought to have the candidates stand, the Commission opted for the debate participants to be seated, which was the preference of the Trump-Pence.
[
234
]
Despite her known exposure,
Karen Pence
appeared unmasked, violating prior agreements that all attendees would be masked except for the moderator and candidates.
[
235
]
Second presidential debate
[
edit
]
On October 8, the Commission on Presidential Debates made plans to have the second debate on October 15 be held in a virtual format due to Trump's COVID diagnosis. Trump declined to take part in a virtual debate, while Biden was willing to participate. Following Trump's refusal to participate, the Biden campaign announced that he would instead take questions from voters directly on October 15 via a town hall event hosted by ABC News in
Philadelphia
.
[
236
]
The commission then canceled the debate altogether.
[
237
]
Supreme Court nomination hearings
[
edit
]
The outbreak among senators caused the
Senate
to delay its session by two weeks to October 19, but the
Judiciary Committee
began Judge
Amy Coney Barrett
's nomination hearings on October 12.
[
238
]
[
239
]
Democrats
tried unsuccessfully to delay the fast-track proceedings by raising safety concerns in light of infections among members.
[
240
]
Committee members Mike Lee and Thom Tillis, had already tested positive, both having attended the Rose Garden event in September; member
Ted Cruz
had been quarantining after coming into contact with the former.
[
241
]
While the
Capitol
's mask requirements were generally enforced, Mike Lee, who had been cleared by the attending physician, gave his opening statement without a mask, though he wore a mask at other times.
[
242
]
[
238
]
Sens. Cruz and Tillis appeared remotely on the first day of hearings,
[
243
]
[
244
]
and participated in person the other days.
[
245
]
[
243
]
Committee chairman Sen.
Lindsey Graham
, who was at the Rose Garden event and had brief contact with Sen. Lee, said he tested negative on October 2. He did not wear a mask at his seat, but put it on when Lee approached.
[
246
]
[
247
]
Congressional
safety officials said that the hearing met CDC guidelines, and the chamber was set up with air ventilation systems and distancing between senators.
[
242
]
[
240
]
Epidemiologists
and public health experts said that the outbreak had put many people at risk in many places. Those infected carried the virus across the country and attended events in places such as
Atlanta
, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota. At least 6,000 people attended gatherings where they mingled closely with those infected within a week of the Supreme Court nomination ceremony on September 26.
[
248
]
In the
Washington, D.C. metropolitan area
, the outbreaks at the White House and
Capitol Hill
(where masks are required on the
House
floor, but not the Senate floor) also presented a risk.
[
249
]
The city had made substantial progress in reducing virus transmission through stringent public health laws and a population that largely followed these laws, but the clusters began a reversal and raised concerns that the city's overall infection rate would be affected.
[
249
]
As a
federal
property, the White House is exempt from the District of Columbia's public health rules, and has disregarded local mandates. The Trump White House also did not share positive test results with state or local health agencies.
[
249
]
Date of Trump's last negative test
[
edit
]
After President Trump was hospitalized, it was revealed that he was not being tested daily, and the White House was unwilling to reveal the date of his last negative test.
[
250
]
In previous months, Trump had twice claimed to test negative: in March, Trump physician Sean Conley had announced that the president had tested negative after he was exposed to COVID-positive individuals at his
Mar-a-Lago
resort.
[
251
]
After one of Trump's personal valets tested positive in May,
[
252
]
Trump told reporters "I tested very positively in another sense so – this morning. Yeah. I tested positively toward negative, right. So. I tested perfectly this morning. Meaning I tested negative."
[
105
]
At an October 16 event, Trump reported being unable to remember whether he had taken a test in the hours prior to the presidential debate.
[
253
]
Continuity of government implications
[
edit
]
As of October 3, 2020
, a White House spokesperson confirmed that Trump remained active as president and that there had been no
transfer of presidential power
to Vice President Pence.
[
254
]
[
255
]
On October 2, House Speaker
Nancy Pelosi
, next in line for the presidency after Pence, said that the White House had not contacted her about
continuity of government
.
[
256
]
Some
national security
analysts said the president's diagnosis put the United States into "uncharted territory" and "deep into the danger zone".
[
257
]
Former Defense Secretary
Leon Panetta
said that Trump's hospitalization raises serious national security concerns and that adversaries should be expected to exploit any vulnerabilities of the United States.
[
258
]
However, several former defense officials downplayed concerns of foreign opportunism and argued that the U.S. national security apparatus
including the
nuclear command-and-control
elements of that system
is resilient enough to withstand the impact of an ill or incapacitated president. Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East Mick Mulroy said, "Unless symptoms are severe enough for the commander-in-chief to be incapacitated, it would not require a change of the chain of command," and that it was unlikely an adversary would use the situation to "test" the U.S.
[
257
]
On October 2, the Pentagon issued a statement saying, "There's no change to the readiness or capability of our armed forces. Our national command and control structure is in no way affected" by Trump's diagnosis.
[
259
]
Mental fitness concerns
[
edit
]
According to a large study of COVID-19 survivors, one in five of those infected develops a mental illness within three months.
[
260
]
[
261
]
There was some concern that Trump's steroid treatment could affect his mental state. One expert commented: "Some patients may develop psychiatric symptoms after being treated with steroids including
euphoria
, mood instability,
rage
or psychosis. It is rare, but occurs often enough that we recognize them as undesirable side effects of steroid therapy."
[
262
]
Professor of Emergency Medicine
Esther Choo
warned "we tell people that it can make them feel really hyper. It can make them behave very strangely."
[
263
]
[
264
]
Among patients administered dexamethasone, about 30% develop "moderate psychiatric symptoms like
anxiety
,
insomnia
, mania, or delirium". About 6% develop psychosis.
[
265
]
After Trump left the hospital for a
motorcade
excursion and posted over a dozen all-caps tweets, it was speculated that the president was suffering from "
steroid-induced psychosis
".
[
266
]
Megan Ranney
, an emergency physician and professor at
Brown University
, told CNN's
Wolf Blitzer
: "I would never want to say the president is experiencing steroid-induced psychosis, but it is certainly concerning to see some of his actions today in the wake of this potentially deadly diagnosis and infectious disease."
[
267
]
According to reporting by
Gabriel Sherman
of
Vanity Fair
,
Donald Trump Jr.
expressed concerns on October
4 that the president was "acting crazy".
[
268
]
Privately, White House aides had concerns about the effects of medications causing Trump's "animated mood".
[
265
]
On October 5, Trump tweeted that he was "Feeling really good" and felt "better than I did 20 years ago", contributing to some speculation that his mental state was a side effect of medication.
[
183
]
On October 3, Trump issued an all-caps tweet calling for passage of a coronavirus stimulus bill.
[
269
]
On October 4, it was publicly announced that Trump had been administered dexamethasone the previous day.
[
270
]
On October 6, Trump unexpectedly announced on Twitter that he was halting negotiations on a stimulus bill. The announcement caused another sudden drop in the stock market, and Speaker Pelosi questioned if his steroid use was affecting his decision-making.
[
271
]
[
272
]
Trump reversed this decision in another tweet sent seven
hours later.
[
273
]
Commenting on the tweets, Dr. Choo observed: "Anytime he's doing a Twitter storm in all caps, it looks a little manic." Choo described Trump as a "presidential guinea pig" since "He's on all these medications, he's on that monoclonal antibody cocktail that we don't even know the side effects to, because it hasn't been well studied. Then he's on the Remdesivir, which is really a brand new medication in the context of COVID, which itself can cause alterations to your brain and your behaviour. And then add on the steroids."
[
263
]
On October 8, Speaker Pelosi announced plans for a meeting the following day to discuss the
25th Amendment
.
[
274
]
The White House infections could have been prevented, according to
Anthony Fauci
,
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
director and
White House Coronavirus Task Force
member.
[
15
]
Arthur Caplan
, a
bioethicist
at the
NYU Grossman School of Medicine
, has stated that the outbreak and specifically Trump's diagnosis would lead to more calls for transparency about Trump's health as well as conspiracy theories about how he was infected.
[
275
]
Dr. Megan Ranney, a leading voice on personal protective equipment, said that Trump's infection was a "preventable but predictable national security risk".
[
16
]
Julie Pryde, head of the
Champaign-Urbana
health district, said that the White House outbreak was preventable with basic infection-control measures.
[
17
]
Some medical experts noted that dexamethasone is typically administered in severe and critical cases of infection, to suppress an
immune system overreaction
that attacks vital organs which can lead to death. Dexamethasone has not been shown to be effective in milder cases of the disease.
[
276
]
Others noted that such steroids can have mood-altering side effects ranging from depression to mania, even delirium and psychosis. There was also a risk of harmful drug interactions by administering several therapeutics at once. Some experts noted a so-called "VIP syndrome," in which a prominent patient insists on directing his own medical care, suggesting the president may have sought aggressive treatment without understanding the potential risks. As a Navy doctor, Conley is obliged to follow orders of the commander in chief. After Trump extensively promoted
hydroxychloroquine
as a defense against infection in spring 2020, Conley administered him a two-week regimen of the drug, despite no studies finding it was effective and it had potentially dangerous side effects.
[
264
]
[
277
]
United States public
[
edit
]
The response from the U.S. public was mixed, and often split along
ideological lines
.
[
278
]
Some supporters of
Joe Biden
said they were not surprised at the outbreak, due to a lack of precautions taken by Trump and other Republicans.
[
279
]
[
280
]
Some people said they did not believe the diagnosis: some liberal doubters said they could not believe Trump due to the volume of false and misleading information that Trump had spread in the past,
[
280
]
while some
QAnon
followers posited conspiracy theories asserting that Trump's diagnosis was "part of an elaborate plan to isolate the leader while violent retribution is taken against believed evil-doers."
[
281
]
Comedian
Michael Che
wished Trump "a very lengthy recovery" on the
Saturday Night Live
news satire
sketch
Weekend Update
.
[
282
]
An October 2–3
Reuters
/
Ipsos
poll found that American disapproval of Trump's handling of the pandemic had increased from the previous week, with 65% of registered voters agreeing with the statement "if President Trump had taken coronavirus more seriously, he probably would not have been infected."
[
283
]
Another poll on October
6 revealed that 21% of respondents were more likely to wear a mask due to the news of Trump acquiring the disease.
[
284
]
Twitter announced that any posts
wishing for Trump's death
would be removed for violating the platform's
terms of service
. Congresswomen
Rashida Tlaib
,
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
,
Ilhan Omar
, and
Ayanna Pressley
criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing to longstanding posts calling for their deaths that had not been removed.
[
285
]
Facebook and
TikTok
announced similar policies.
[
286
]
United States politicians
[
edit
]
On October 2, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said that he and
Jill Biden
send their "prayers for the health and safety" of Donald and Melania Trump.
[
287
]
He took all of his
negative political ads
off the air following the announcement of Trump's diagnosis.
[
288
]
His running mate Sen. Kamala Harris said that she and her husband
Doug
are sharing their "deepest prayers for the health and recovery of the president and the first lady."
[
289
]
Former president
Barack Obama
extended his "best wishes" to Trump and said that he and
Michelle Obama
hope for a speedy recovery for the Trumps.
[
290
]
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said, "I always pray for the president and his family that they're safe" and said that she received the news with "great sadness".
[
291
]
Senate Minority Leader
Chuck Schumer
wished Donald and Melania Trump and White House staffers a "speedy recovery".
[
292
]
Senate Majority Leader
Mitch McConnell
revealed he had not visited the White House since August
6 because of his private concerns that safety protocols were not being observed.
[
265
]
International politicians and leaders
[
edit
]
Many politicians around the world expressed wishes for a quick recovery; others commented on the lack of response to the pandemic and the downplaying of the virus. Indian Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
, Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu
, Philippine President
Rodrigo Duterte
, Russian President
Vladimir Putin
, British Prime Minister
Boris Johnson
and others issued statements of support over the outbreak through social media.
[
293
]
Others were more critical of the outbreak;
French government
spokesman
Gabriel Attal
warned that the virus spared no one, even those skeptical about its reality and seriousness.
Radoslaw Sikorski
, a
European Parliament
member and former
Polish foreign minister
, tweeted
[
293
]
that Trump should not try to treat himself with
bleach
, referring to Trump's earlier suggestion to try using
disinfectants
as a COVID-19 treatment "by
injection
inside or almost a cleaning."
[
294
]
Misinformation and conspiracy theories
[
edit
]
Shortly after the announcement that Trump had tested positive,
misinformation
and
conspiracy theories
began proliferating social media.
[
295
]
Many of the conspiracy theories were politically motivated, aided by conflicting and contradictory information announced to the public by the White House, the presidential medical team, and Trump himself (through his tweets).
[
296
]
[
297
]
Michael Moore
promoted the conspiracy theory that Trump might be faking his diagnosis.
[
298
]
[
299
]
Similar theories were posted on social media, postulating that Trump was feigning the illness so he could quickly recover and downplay the threat of COVID-19, delay the
2020 presidential election
, or to distract the public from the reporting about
his tax returns
.
[
297
]
Conversely, the
vice presidential debate
on October
7 triggered "a wave of speculation" that Pence might be symptomatic.
[
300
]
[
301
]
Some theories were spread by supporters of the
QAnon conspiracy theory
, who believe that COVID-19 is a narrative constructed by a
Democratic Party
deep state
to seize power in the United States, and that Trump's positive diagnosis was tactical, as part of a larger plan to arrest
Hillary Clinton
.
[
302
]
List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures
[
edit
]
White House personnel held multiple events in the days prior to the outbreak. On Sep 26, a nomination event for Judge Barrett was held. The following day, Gold Star families attended an event. White House personnel traveled to Ohio to attend the first presidential debate, as well as campaign events in Duluth and Bedminster, New Jersey.
[
303
]
On Nov 3, prior to the second outbreak, a watch party was held in the East Room of the White House.
[
12
]
People who tested positive for COVID-19
[
edit
]
June–September 2020
[
edit
]
June 20
:
Trump rally in Tulsa
attended by over 6,000. Hicks, Cain, two Secret Service agents, two staffers, and a journalist later test positive.
[
389
]
July 30
: Death of
Herman Cain
[
390
]
August 17
: Trump rally at Mankato, Minnesota attended by 500
[
36
]
August 20
: Trump rally at Lackawanna, Pennsylvania attended by several hundred
[
36
]
September 5–7
: Crede Bailey, head of the White House Security Office, fell ill with COVID-19.
[
304
]
September 13
: Trump rally at Henderson, Nevada attended by 5,000.
[
38
]
September 16
: At least one unnamed staffer tests positive
[
39
]
September 17
: Trump rally at Mosinee, Wisconsin attended by thousands
[
391
]
September 18
: Trump rally at Bemidji, Montana attended by thousands, 16 attendees test positive, two hospitalized
[
36
]
[
392
]
September 24
: Pence and Ivanka Trump attend event at Minnesota hotel; three attendees test positive
September 26
:
150 guests attend Rose Garden ceremony nominating Amy Coney Barrett; a reception follows. At least 18 attendees tested positive.
[
57
]
Trump exhibits symptoms and tests positive for COVID-19.
Trump rally at Middletown, Pennsylvania attended by thousands
[
303
]
[
36
]
Debate prep team meets at the White House. At least seven team members later tested positive
[
94
]
September 27
:
Golfing
Reception for 40 Gold Star families, at least three attendees later tested positive
[
303
]
Debate prep team meets at the White House
[
94
]
September 28
:
Debate prep team meets at the White House
[
94
]
Press conference announcing a new COVID-19 testing initiative
[
382
]
September 29
:
Debate prep team meets at the White House
[
94
]
First presidential debate in Cleveland, Ohio; Trump arrives late and avoids COVID-19 test. At least four attendees later tested positive
[
303
]
September 30
:
Private fundraiser in Shorewood attended by about 40 guests
[
303
]
[
393
]
Duluth rally attended by 2,500 people. At least four White House personnel in attendance later test positive
[
303
]
[
36
]
Hope Hicks
quarantined
[
69
]
Crede Bailey hospitalized in late September
[
305
]
October 1
, three known cases:
Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany holds a press briefing, despite knowledge of exposure, October 1, 2020. Video from
White House
.
Kayleigh McEnany holds press briefing despite knowledge of exposure; she later tested positive.
[
117
]
Fundraiser at Bedminster golf club in New Jersey is attended by 200; two White House team members in attendance later test positive
[
303
]
Trump tests positive
[
134
]
Hope Hicks diagnosis revealed by Bloomberg News
[
118
]
Sean Hannity appearance
[
134
]
Stephen Miller begins self-quarantine.
[
91
]
Eric Trump holds rally in Rothschild, Wisconsin
[
36
]
[
394
]
October 2
, 25+ known cases:
Trump announces his diagnosis via Twitter
[
148
]
Trump airlifted to Walter Reed
[
148
]
October 3
, 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital
[
172
]
Chris Christie hospitalized
October 4
, 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital, motorcade excursion
[
172
]
Barr enters quarantine
[
143
]
Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump photographed exercising while masked; the two are not publicly seen in the coming days.
[
citation needed
]
October 5
, 32+ known cases: Trump returns to White House
Giuliani interviewed while exhibiting cough
[
376
]
October 6
, 35+ known cases:
Admiral Charles Ray, Coast Guard aide to the President Jayna McCarron, and an unnamed military person who serves as valet to the President test positive
Joint Chiefs of Staff self-quarantine due to exposure via Admiral Ray
White House aide Stephen Miller and Assistant Press Secretary Jalen Drummond's positive test is announced
[
91
]
October 7
, 36+ known cases:
General Gary Thomas tests positive
[
329
]
Rudy Giuliani reveals he is undergoing 'prophylactic' treatment
[
379
]
Vice presidential debate
October 8
The Commission on Presidential Debates announces that the second debate will be held in a virtual format, due to Trump's COVID diagnosis
[
395
]
Donald Trump Jr. holds a tightly packed indoor rally in Florida
[
396
]
Pence cancels events and returns to D.C.
[
397
]
October 10
:
White House holds event on the South Lawn where Trump appears on balcony to address hundreds of attendees.
[
398
]
Pence returns to campaign with events in Orlando and at
The Villages
.
[
399
]
October 12
White House physician reports Trump has tested negative for COVID-19.
[
400
]
Trump attends campaign rally at
Orlando Sanford International Airport
in
Sanford, Florida
.
[
401
]
October 13
: Trump rally at
John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport
in
Cambria County, Pennsylvania
.
[
402
]
October 14
: Trump rally at
Des Moines International Airport
in
Des Moines, Iowa
.
[
403
]
October 15
: Trump rally at
Pitt–Greenville Airport
in
Greenville, North Carolina
.
[
404
]
October 16
Trump rally at
Ocala International Airport
in
Marion County, Florida
.
[
405
]
Rep. Matt Gaetz, who would later test positive for antibodies, was in attendance.
[
406
]
Trump rally at
Middle Georgia Regional Airport
in
Bibb County, Georgia
.
[
407
]
October 18
: Trump rally at
Carson City Airport
in
Carson City, Nevada
.
[
408
]
October 19
Trump rally at
Prescott Regional Airport
in
Prescott, Arizona
.
[
409
]
Trump rally at
Tucson International Airport
in
Tucson, Arizona
.
[
410
]
October 20
:
Trump rally at
Erie International Airport
in
Erie, Pennsylvania
.
[
411
]
Melania Trump cancelled her first schedule appearance since developing symptoms, citing a "lingering cough".
[
412
]
October 21
: Trump rally at
Gastonia Municipal Airport
in
Gaston County, North Carolina
.
[
413
]
October 22
: Final presidential debate in Nashville, Tennessee
[
414
]
October 23
:
Trump rally at The Villages Polo Club in
Sumter County, Florida
.
[
citation needed
]
Trump rally at
Pensacola International Airport
in
Escambia County, Florida
. Rep Matt Gaetz spoke and signed autographs; He would later develop antibodies.
[
415
]
October 24
:
Trump rally at Pickaway Agriculture and Event Center in
Pickaway County, Ohio
.
[
citation needed
]
Trump rally at
Waukesha County Airport
in
Waukesha County, Wisconsin
.
[
citation needed
]
Five aides to Pence test positive.
[
6
]
October 25
:
Trump rally at
Manchester–Boston Regional Airport
in
Manchester, New Hampshire
.
[
citation needed
]
October 26
:
Trump rally at
Lancaster Airport
in
Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
.
[
citation needed
]
Trump rally at
Altoona–Blair County Airport
in
Blair County, Pennsylvania
.
[
citation needed
]
October 27
:
Trump rally at
Capital Region International Airport
in
Clinton County, Michigan
.
[
citation needed
]
Trump rally at
La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway
in
West Salem, Wisconsin
.
[
citation needed
]
Trump rally at
Eppley Airfield
in
Douglas County, Nebraska
.
[
416
]
October 28
:
Trump rally at
Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport
in
Mohave County, Arizona
.
[
417
]
Trump rally at
Phoenix Goodyear Airport
in
Maricopa County, Arizona
.
[
417
]
November 1
:
Thousands gather at Dubuque Regional Airport, Iowa for a Trump rally.
[
418
]
Chuck Grassley and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.
[
344
]
[
350
]
[
349
]
Tightly packed Trump rally at Rome, Georgia draws 30,000.
[
419
]
Senators David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler attended;
[
420
]
Loeffler would later test positive.
Rally at Opa-Locka Airport in Miami draws thousands.
[
421
]
Two attendees, Sen. Rick Scott and Carlos Gimenez, would later test positive.
[
422
]
November 2
: Thousands attend Trump Rally at Kenosha Airport in Wisconsin. Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.
[
423
]
November 3
: About 200 attended election night event in the White House East Room; Mark Meadows, David Bossie,
Ben Carson
, Brian Jack, Corey Lewandowski and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.
[
424
]
[
425
]
[
339
]
November 5
: Trump rally at Republican headquarters in Atlanta; Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.
[
426
]
November 6
: Mark Meadows tests positive for coronavirus.
[
335
]
November 7
:
Florida's house representative
Matt Gaetz
tests positive for coronavirus antibody but not the live virus, indicating that he was infected with coronavirus at some point in the past.
[
427
]
The Trump Campaign holds an
event at Four Seasons Total Landscaping
. Corey Lewandoski would later test positive.
[
428
]
Joe Biden projected winner of the 2020 presidential election
November 8
: Trump campaign advisor David Bossie tests positive for COVID-19.
[
429
]
Bossie had been placed in charge of the Trump campaign post-election strategy the week prior when Mark Meadows' COVID-19 status was made public.
[
430
]
November 9
: Secretary of HUD Ben Carson tests positive for coronavirus. He had been in attendance at the November
3 election night event at the White House.
[
425
]
November 11
:White House political director Brian Jack is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus over the previous weekend. Jack was also at the White House election night event.
[
431
]
November 12
: Corey Lewandowski, a Trump campaign advisor working on the post-election legal team, is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus on Wed Nov 11. Lewandowski was present at the election night party following which several other White House staff and Trump campaign workers have received a COVID-19 diagnosis.
[
432
]
November 13
: Rick Scott attends packed event for Loeffler and Perdue at Black Diamond Grill in Cummings, Georgia.
[
433
]
[
434
]
[
435
]
Scott reportedly entered quarantine after returning to Florida.
[
436
]
Loeffler would later test positive.
[
351
]
November 15
: Donald Trump Jr. tests positive "at the start of the week".
[
350
]
November 17
: Chuck Grassley reports testing positive.
[
437
]
November 19
: Giuliani holds press conference. Three attendees, Andrew Giuliani,
Boris Epshteyn
, and Christianné Allen would later test positive.
[
438
]
[
352
]
[
439
]
November 20
:
White House aide Andrew Giuliani, Senator Rick Scott, and Donald Trump Jr. revealed to have tested positive for COVID-19
[
438
]
[
440
]
Pence holds rally with David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler in Canton, Georgia.
[
441
]
Loeffler would report testing positive the following day.
November 21
: Senate candidate
Kelly Loeffler
reports testing positive.
[
351
]
November 25
: Boris Epshteyn reported to have tested positive for COVID-19.
[
352
]
After hosting a public meeting in Gettysburg, Mastriano attends White House meeting where he receives news of positive test results.
[
442
]
November 27
: Florida member-elect of the US House
Carlos Gimenez
reported to have tested positive.
[
443
]
November 29
: Pennsylvania state senator
Doug Mastriano
reported to have tested positive.
[
442
]
November 30
: Giuliani meets, unmasked, with Arizona lawmakers.
[
444
]
December 2
: Giuliani appears unmasked before Michigan lawmakers.
[
445
]
December 3
: Giuliani appears unmasked before Georgia lawmakers.
[
445
]
December 5
: Trump, Perdue, and Loeffler attend a rally in Valdosta, Georgia.
[
446
]
December 6
: Giuliani reported to have tested positive.
[
445
]
2020 Trump Tulsa rally
List of 2020 Donald Trump campaign rallies
List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump since September 2020
COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
October surprise
, a news event that may influence the outcome of an upcoming election
Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic
Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan
, a previous event in which a sitting President's health was at risk
Luke Letlow
, U.S. Representative–elect (LA-5) who died of COVID-19 in December 2020 before taking office
U.S. Representative
Ron Wright
, first sitting member of Congress to die of COVID-19
[
447
]
^
Bennett, Geoff [@GeoffRBennett]
(December 6, 2020).
"By NBC's count, at least 53 people in Trump's orbit have tested positive for COVID-19. That number includes administration officials, campaign staffers and close contacts. (The count starts with Hope Hicks' diagnosis in October and includes the Giuliani announcement today.)"
(
Tweet
)
. Retrieved
December 17,
2023
– via
Twitter
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
ae
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- [1\.2 Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Campaign_events,_Crede_Bailey_diagnosed)
- [1\.3 Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Trump_campaign_fundraiser,_September_25)
- [1\.4 Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Amy_Coney_Barrett_nomination_events,_September_26)
- [1\.5 Trump tests positive, September 26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Trump_tests_positive,_September_26)
- [1\.6 Gold Star families reception, September 27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Gold_Star_families_reception,_September_27)
- [1\.7 First presidential debate, September 26–29](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#First_presidential_debate,_September_26%E2%80%9329)
- [1\.8 Hope Hicks diagnosed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Hope_Hicks_diagnosed)
- [1\.9 Bedminster fundraiser, October 1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Bedminster_fundraiser,_October_1)
- [1\.10 Trump announces positive test result](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Trump_announces_positive_test_result)
- [1\.11 Further outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Further_outbreak)
- [2 Presidential hospitalization and early release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Presidential_hospitalization_and_early_release)
Toggle Presidential hospitalization and early release subsection
- [2\.1 Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Airlift_to_Walter_Reed_and_experimental_treatments,_October_2)
- [2\.2 Steroid treatment, October 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Steroid_treatment,_October_3)
- [2\.3 Motorcade excursion, October 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Motorcade_excursion,_October_4)
- [2\.4 Return to White House, October 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Return_to_White_House,_October_5)
- [2\.5 Return to the West Wing, October 6–7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Return_to_the_West_Wing,_October_6%E2%80%937)
- [2\.6 Return to public events, October 8–12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Return_to_public_events,_October_8%E2%80%9312)
- [3 Subsequent outbreaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Subsequent_outbreaks)
Toggle Subsequent outbreaks subsection
- [3\.1 Pence staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Pence_staff)
- [3\.2 Election Night party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Election_Night_party)
- [4 Effects on election and congressional activities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Effects_on_election_and_congressional_activities)
Toggle Effects on election and congressional activities subsection
- [4\.1 Vice presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Vice_presidential_debate)
- [4\.2 Second presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Second_presidential_debate)
- [4\.3 Supreme Court nomination hearings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Supreme_Court_nomination_hearings)
- [5 Concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Concerns)
Toggle Concerns subsection
- [5\.1 Risk to the public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Risk_to_the_public)
- [5\.2 Date of Trump's last negative test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Date_of_Trump's_last_negative_test)
- [5\.3 Continuity of government implications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Continuity_of_government_implications)
- [5\.3.1 Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Military)
- [5\.4 Mental fitness concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Mental_fitness_concerns)
- [6 Reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Reactions)
Toggle Reactions subsection
- [6\.1 United States public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#United_States_public)
- [6\.2 United States politicians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#United_States_politicians)
- [6\.3 International politicians and leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#International_politicians_and_leaders)
- [6\.4 Misinformation and conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Misinformation_and_conspiracy_theories)
- [7 List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#List_of_COVID-19_infections_and_notable_exposures)
Toggle List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures subsection
- [7\.1 People who tested positive for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#People_who_tested_positive_for_COVID-19)
- [7\.2 Notable exposures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Notable_exposures)
- [8 Timeline of events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#Timeline_of_events)
Toggle Timeline of events subsection
- [8\.1 June–September 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#June%E2%80%93September_2020)
- [8\.2 October 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#October_2020)
- [8\.2.1 October 1–15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#October_1%E2%80%9315)
- [8\.2.2 October 16–31](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#October_16%E2%80%9331)
- [8\.3 November 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#November_2020)
- [8\.4 December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#December_2020)
- [9 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#See_also)
- [10 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#References)
- [11 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#External_links)
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# White House COVID-19 outbreak
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- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EC%95%85%EA%B4%80%EC%9D%98_%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8%EA%B0%90%EC%97%BC "백악관의 코로나19 집단감염 – Korean")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the group convened by the Trump Administration to coordinate federal response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, see [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force"). For the group convened by the Biden Administration, see [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team").
| White House COVID-19 outbreak | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_\(50397097478\).jpg)President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") speaking during the event held to announce [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett")'s nomination to the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States") in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") | |
| Disease | [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") |
| Virus strain | [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") |
| Location | [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House"), [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), United States |
| First reported | October 1, 2020 |
| [Index case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_case "Index case") | September 30, 2020 |
| Arrival date | September 26, 2020; 5 years ago (2020-09-26) |
| Confirmed cases | **Total:** At least 53, including President Trump[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-1) **Pre-nomination:** At least six as of October 14[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) **Nomination:** At least 25 as of October 14[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) **Pence staff:** At least 5 as of November 11[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) **Election Day:** At least 20 as of November 11[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) |
| Hospitalized cases | At least one, by October 15[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-4) |
| | |
|---|---|
| | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\)_\(3x4_close_cropped\).jpg) | This article is part of a series about[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") |
| Life and business [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") [bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump "Family of Donald Trump") [Age and health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") [Eponyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Indictments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Handshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes") [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") [Views and ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") ["Make America Great Again"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") [Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_movement "MAGA movement") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Nicknames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of endorsements by Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") ["Trump always chickens out"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") ["Trump derangement syndrome"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") 45th and 47th President of the United States Presidencies [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") Transitions [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") Inaugurations [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") Tenure First 100 days [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_executive_orders_\(disambiguation\) "Trump executive orders (disambiguation)") [proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Opinion polling on the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [TikTok controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy "Donald Trump–TikTok controversy") [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") Domestic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") Economic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") tariffs [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") Environment [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the second Trump administration") Foreign [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") Immigration [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") Social [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Social policy of the second Trump administration") cannabis [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") Space [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Political appointments of the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Cabinet of Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_by_Donald_Trump "Executive Office appointments by Donald Trump") [U.S. Attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Presidential campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* tape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") [Spygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spygate_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Spygate (conspiracy theory)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [GOP reactions to election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Trump–Raffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "Trump–Raffensperger phone call") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") assassination attempts [PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks "Thomas Matthew Crooks") [photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Wesley_Routh "Ryan Wesley Routh") Impeachments [Efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [First impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [Trump–Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "Trump–Ukraine scandal") [House inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") Prosecutions [2020 election federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Classified documents federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Plasmic Echo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)")* [New York indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [Karen McDougal affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump "Karen McDougal") [financial fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Georgia election indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Georgia election investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation "2020 Georgia election investigation") [mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak]() [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies "Trump administration political interference with science agencies") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump's signature")  | |
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The **White House COVID-19 outbreak** was a cluster of [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") infections that began in September 2020 and ended in January 2021 that spread among people, including many [U.S. government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States "Federal government of the United States") officials, who were in close contact during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") in Washington, D.C. Numerous high-profile individuals were infected, including President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), who was hospitalized for three days.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5) At least 48 [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") staff members or associates, closely working with White House personnel, tested positive for the virus.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-pence-aides-6) The White House resisted efforts to engage in [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing"), leaving it unclear how many people were infected in total and what the origins of the spread were.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-7)
Many of the infections appeared to be related to a ceremony held on September 26 in the [Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") for [the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination"), where seating was not [socially distanced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing#COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing") and participants were mostly unmasked. His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8)
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until one year later, in October 2021.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8) Trump himself may have been infectious at that point, but he and his entourage attended several subsequent events unmasked, including [the first presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#September_29_presidential_debate_\(Case_Western_Reserve_University\) "2020 United States presidential debates") against [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in [Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland "Cleveland"), Ohio on September 29.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-9) The next day, Presidential Counselor [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") was placed in quarantine aboard [Air Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One "Air Force One") while returning with Trump from a campaign event in [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota"). Following that, the president proceeded on schedule to an October 1 [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") fundraiser where he mingled, unmasked, with donors.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-10) More infections were reported in late October among Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence")'s staff,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-11) and a second large outbreak occurred after [Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_\(United_States\) "Election Day (United States)"), after Trump held a watch party in the [East Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Room "East Room").[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12)
Other infections included First Lady [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump"); [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Senators [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis"), [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee"), and [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"); Republican Representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz"); [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") manager [Bill Stepien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stepien "Bill Stepien"); [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Chair [Ronna McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel"); former White House counselor [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway"); former New Jersey Governor [Chris Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie "Chris Christie"); [Notre Dame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame "University of Notre Dame") president [John I. Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Jenkins "John I. Jenkins"); Press Secretary [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"); presidential advisor [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)"); Chief of Staff [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows_\(North_Carolina_politician\) "Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)"); and Housing and Urban Development Secretary [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"). As of November 11, at least 48 people had tested positive.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) At least one person, White House security office head Crede Bailey, was reported as "gravely ill,"[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-credeill-13) having fallen sick in September prior to the Rose Garden event.
The Rose Garden cluster emerged in the final weeks of [Trump's campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") for the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), a little more than a month before the last day of voting, November 3\. Commentators were critical of the White House for providing conflicting information about Trump's condition and the timeline of his infection, as well as delaying the disclosure of the initial diagnoses of White House staffers.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-disclose_alarming-14) According to [public health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health "Public health") experts such as [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci"), the director of the [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases") and a member of the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force"), the outbreak could have been prevented.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-fauci-preventable-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ranney-preventable-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-pryde-preventable-17)
## Timeline of viral transmission
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Timeline of viral transmission")\]
### Background
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Background")\]
Press Briefing by White House COVID-19 Response Team and Public Health Officials, 2021-05-18
Throughout the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") and [William Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") discouraged officials and staff from wearing [masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"). Those in the [West Wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing "West Wing") who did use them often faced ridicule from others.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-18) In April, the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") became one of the first locations to gain access to rapid-turnaround [COVID-19 tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-19) The White House relied upon rapid-tests which lacked [FDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration")\-approval for use in [asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic "Asymptomatic") individuals.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-20)
Throughout the spring, there had been sporadic cases of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019") reported at the White House. On March 20, it was announced that a staffer for Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") had tested positive and was experiencing very mild symptoms, though neither Trump nor Pence had been in close contact with the staffer.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-21) On May 7, an unnamed personal valet to the president tested positive, and the following day, Pence spokesperson [Katie Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie_Miller "Katie Miller") tested positive for COVID-19. Miller's positive test result caused several other Pence staffers who were in close contact with her to be removed from [Air Force Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Two "Air Force Two") before Pence's trip to [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa "Iowa"), but neither Trump nor Pence had been in recent close contact with Miller.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-22)
In June, the White House scaled back the screening regime, but still required screening and testing for anyone coming into contact with the president or vice president.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-23)
### Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg)
[Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain") died from COVID-19 on July 30, 2020.
A Stanford preprint study concluded that likely over 30,000 cases and 700 deaths could be attributed to [Trump rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") held between June 20 and September 22.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-25) On June 20, Trump held a [campaign rally in Tulsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally"), the first since the start of the pandemic.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-26) Attendees who tested positive include two [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service "United States Secret Service") agents, two staffers, the girlfriend of the President's eldest son, [Kimberly Guilfoyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Guilfoyle "Kimberly Guilfoyle") and politician [Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-28)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BBC_News_2020-10-27-31) Cain died from the disease on July 30.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-32) Tulsa experienced a significant increase in cases after the rally.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-33)
From August 17–20, Trump held rallies at [Mankato, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota "Mankato, Minnesota") and [Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lackawanna_County,_Pennsylvania "Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania"). About 500 attended Mankato, and masks and social distancing were not used.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-34) Several hundred attended the event in Lackawanna, masks were mostly used but social distancing was not.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-35) Both communities experienced surges of COVID-19 in the wake of the rallies.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
Over Labor Day Weekend (Sept 5–7), Crede Bailey, the head of the White House security office, became sick with COVID-19. He was hospitalized sometime in September, becoming gravely ill. The White House kept his condition secret and declined to comment when his condition was reported in the news on October 7.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37)
On September 13, Trump held a 5,000 person rally in [Henderson, Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada "Henderson, Nevada"), violating of the state's ban on gatherings larger than 50 people and resulting in a fine.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38) One case was later traced to "a political rally".[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38)
On September 16, it was reported that at least one unnamed staffer had tested positive.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-goodday-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-40) After Trump's hospitalization, it was revealed that two members of the residence staff had tested positive that week.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41) On September 17, Trump held a rally at an airport in [Mosinee, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosinee,_Wisconsin "Mosinee, Wisconsin"); Thousands attended, few masks were worn and social distancing was not observed.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-43) The county experienced a surge in COVID-19.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
Trump held a rally in [Bemidji, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bemidji,_Minnesota "Bemidji, Minnesota") on September 18. Thousands attended in violation of the [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota") ban on gatherings of more than 250, few attendees wore face masks, and there was no social distancing.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38) 16 cases were linked to the rally, including two who were hospitalized.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-44)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-45)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-46)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36) The county saw a spike of COVID-19 after the rally.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36) On September 24, Mike Pence and [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") held an event at a [Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis "Minneapolis") hotel. Three attendees would later test positive.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto6-47)
### Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25")\]
Trump met [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") chairwoman [Ronna McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel"), McEnany, and others at a September 25 fundraiser at the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_\(Washington_D.C.\) "Trump International Hotel (Washington D.C.)").[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-48)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Invincibility_punctured_by_infection-50) On October 1, McDaniel appeared on [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") and made no mention of her health,[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-51) despite receiving confirmation of her positive test result on the afternoon of September 30.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Independent_1010-10-02-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-53) Two days later, an RNC spokesperson announced that McDaniel had tested positive.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-54)
### Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_\(50397745836\).jpg)
President Trump announcing his Supreme Court nomination in the Rose Garden
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") announcing [Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") following the [death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg "Death and funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg").[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-kim26-55) More than 150 people attended; they were told they did not need to wear masks if they had tested negative that day. Chairs for the outdoor ceremony were placed side by side, and there were two crowded indoor receptions.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Invincibility_punctured_by_infection-50)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-56) At least seven attendees tested positive for [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") in the following week, including[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-after_rose_garden-57) President [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), First Lady [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump"), Senators [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee") and [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis"), [University of Notre Dame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame "COVID-19 at the University of Notre Dame") president [John I. Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Jenkins "John I. Jenkins"), former Counselor to the President [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway"), and former New Jersey Governor [Chris Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie "Chris Christie").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-latest-59) Barrett had suffered infection in the summer before recovering and testing negative.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-60)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-61) [Michael D. Shear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Shear "Michael D. Shear"), a White House correspondent for *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*, first tested positive for the virus October 2, as did many others. He was not present at the Rose Garden event, but had visited the White House on September 27 for a COVID-19 test, required before traveling with the President to a rally in [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Shear-62)
President Trump announces nominee for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Kellyanne Conway's daughter Claudia revealed on social media on the evening of October 2 that her mother had tested positive for COVID-19.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-63) The same day, Senators Lee and Tillis were revealed to have tested positive.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-64)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Independent_1010-10-02-52) Christie confirmed on October 3 that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Christie had been present at debate preparation for Trump as well as the nomination ceremony for Barrett.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-66) Later that day, Christie announced he was hospitalized after his condition worsened; Christie received an experimental antibody cocktail from [Eli Lilly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company "Eli Lilly and Company") as well as [remdesivir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remdesivir "Remdesivir").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-68) Lee was filmed hugging other attendees while not wearing a mask.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58) Five of the infected were seated in the front three rows at the event, in close contact with [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") senior officials.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-politico-oct2nd-69) Christie was released from the [Morristown Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morristown_Medical_Center "Morristown Medical Center") in New Jersey on October 10.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-70) Jenkins later issued a statement saying: "I regret my error of judgment in not wearing a mask during the ceremony and by shaking hands with a number of people in the Rose Garden."[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58)
Infectious disease physician [Robert L. Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L._Murphy "Robert L. Murphy") said that if the infections are traced to the Rose Garden ceremony, they may have been started by a [superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreader "Superspreader") (a highly contagious person), and that they could have been avoided if face masks were worn and social distancing was practiced. He said, "Whoever got this thing going is a superspreader".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-71) The outdoor portion of the event was less likely to be a super-spreader event than the indoor portion.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-72) At least 10 members of the Notre Dame faculty besides Jenkins attended the event, but as of October 7, none had tested positive.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-73) On November 10, it was announced that one attendee, [Harry R. Jackson Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_R._Jackson_Jr. "Harry R. Jackson Jr."), had died; no cause of death was given.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto1-74)
The White House did not do [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing") to minimize the spread of the outbreak, limiting any effort to notify those who have been exposed to Trump.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto5-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-76) The [Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention") made several offers to assist the White House with contact tracing, but they were repeatedly declined.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-77)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto5-75) On October 6, the White House announced that it had completed contact tracing, but several reporters who had tested positive for the virus said the White House had not reached out to them.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-78)
### Trump tests positive, September 26
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Trump tests positive, September 26")\]
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until late 2021.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8) His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8)
Despite testing positive, Trump traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the [Harrisburg International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_International_Airport "Harrisburg International Airport") in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-79) The governor opposed the rally, arguing: "It is gravely concerning that the president would insist on holding this event with blatant disregard for social distancing and masking requirements. His decision to bring thousands of people together in a tight space in the midst of a global pandemic caused by an airborne virus is flat out wrong."[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-80) After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's contact tracing program.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-81) In the wake of the rally, the county saw a surge in COVID-19.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
### Gold Star families reception, September 27
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Gold Star families reception, September 27")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_Reception_to_Honor_Gold_Star_Families_\(50397262138\).jpg)
President Trump addresses an unmasked crowd at a White House reception for Gold Star families on Sept. 27.
Trump hosted [Gold Star families](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Star_family "Gold Star family") and [Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon") leaders in the East Room of the White House. Attendees were photographed seated in close proximity and not wearing masks. Defense Secretary [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") and General [Mark Milley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley "Mark Milley"), Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, attended the event.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-82)
Admiral [Charles Ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ray_\(admiral\) "Charles Ray (admiral)"), vice commandant of the Coast Guard, attended the event, later tested positive and entered [isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_\(health_care\) "Isolation (health care)") on Oct 6. On October 2, Ray attended meetings at the Pentagon with members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. On Oct 6 all but one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – [Gen. David H. Berger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Berger "David H. Berger"), Commandant of the Marine Corps – went into isolation, including Milley, Vice chairman [John E. Hyten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Hyten "John E. Hyten"), Chief of Naval Operations [Michael M. Gilday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_M._Gilday "Michael M. Gilday"), Chief of Staff of the Army [James C. McConville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._McConville "James C. McConville"), Air Force Chief of Staff [Charles Q. Brown Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr. "Charles Q. Brown Jr."), Chief of Space Operations [John W. Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Raymond "John W. Raymond"), Chief the National Guard Bureau [Daniel Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Hokanson "Daniel R. Hokanson"), and Commander of U.S. Cyber Command [Paul Nakasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nakasone "Paul Nakasone").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-84)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-85) Of those quarantined, General Nakasone is a [combatant commander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_combatant_command "Unified combatant command"), part of the direct chain of command from the president to the military, and also the Director of the [National Security Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency "National Security Agency").[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-86) General [Gary L. Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_L._Thomas_\(general\) "Gary L. Thomas (general)"), assistant commandant of the Marine Corps, stood in for Gen. Berger at the meeting and later tested positive with symptoms.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-87)
### First presidential debate, September 26–29
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: First presidential debate, September 26–29")\]
Multiple White House personnel attended the [September 29 debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#September_29_presidential_debate_\(Case_Western_Reserve_University\) "2020 United States presidential debates") at the [Cleveland Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Clinic "Cleveland Clinic").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-88) Trump, Melania, and senior advisor [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") attended the debate and later tested positive.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-89) Senior advisor [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") was also on Air Force One for the trip[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-90) and later tested positive.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91) Also in attendance were Ivanka Trump and her siblings, Donald Jr., Eric, Lara and Tiffany Trump.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-92)
Trump prepared for the debate between September 26 and September 29 in the [Map Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_Room_\(White_House\) "Map Room (White House)") of the White House.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-93) His debate preparation team included Chris Christie, Hope Hicks, Kellyanne Conway, [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani"), [Jason Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Miller_\(communications_strategist\) "Jason Miller (communications strategist)"), [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows_\(North_Carolina_politician\) "Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)"), [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner"), [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"), [Alyssa Farah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyssa_Farah "Alyssa Farah"),[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94) and Stephen Miller.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-95) Christie stated that no masks were worn.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-96) Five of the 10 debate prep team members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within a week after the debate. The [City of Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland "Cleveland") said that at least 11 people who "were either members of the media or were scheduled to work logistics/set-up the days prior to the event" later tested positive.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WKYC-97) A year later, Christie—who had spent four days in the room with Trump, roleplaying Joe Biden—recalled that there had been seven people in the debate preparation room, and "six of the seven of us in that room got \[COVID-19\]." Those six included Trump, Christie, Hicks, Stepien, Conway, and Miller. Christie, who eventually required intensive care for his COVID-19, said "I think it's undeniable" that Trump was the source of the infection, given that Trump was "the only person \[about whom\] I didn't know his testing regimen." Christie complained that neither Trump nor White House chief of staff Mark Meadows had revealed the president's positive test result before or during the debate preparations.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-98)
Prior to the debate, both the [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign "Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign") and [Trump campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") agreed with the [Commission on Presidential Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Presidential_Debates "Commission on Presidential Debates") that all attendees would be masked, with the exception of the two presidential candidates and debate moderator [Chris Wallace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wallace "Chris Wallace").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-99) Masking was enforced at the door, but several of Trump's guests in the audience, including his wife Melania, his family members, and senior staff, removed their masks after entering [the hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Education_Campus "Health Education Campus"). When Trump's guests were personally offered masks by Cleveland Clinic staff, they declined.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-100)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-timeline-101)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-102)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-103)
All attendees were supposed to be tested for [coronavirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019") before admission. After the outbreak was public, Wallace revealed that Trump and his personnel arrived too late to be tested, and were instead admitted to the debate hall under "an [honor system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_system "Honor system")".[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-104) In the coming days, the White House repeatedly declined to say when Trump last tested negative, raising speculation that he may have gone untested or even tested positive prior to the debate.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-why_it_matters-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-106) On October 6, the New York Times broke news that, despite public impressions to the contrary, Donald Trump was not actually being tested daily.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jolt-107) The timeline raised the possibility that Trump "might have tested positive before the Sept. 29 debate, failed to disclose it and showed up at the debate anyway."[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-108)
### Hope Hicks diagnosed
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Hope Hicks diagnosed")\]
On Wednesday, Trump went to suburban Minneapolis for a private fundraiser at the home of Marty Davis, CEO of kitchen counter-top manufacturer [Cambria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_\(company\) "Cambria (company)").[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-minnquaratine-109) Thirteen members of the catering staff were quarantined after their exposure.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-minnquaratine-109) That fundraiser was followed by a rally in [Duluth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota "Duluth, Minnesota").[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-110) Hope Hicks, one of his closest advisors, accompanied Trump aboard Air Force One. The rally ended around 10 p.m. EDT.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-111) The [Minnesota Department of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Health "Minnesota Department of Health") later traced four cases to the Duluth rally.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto6-47)
During the Minnesota rally, Hicks stayed aboard the plane because she was not feeling well, and she quarantined herself at the back of the plane for the flight home.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bubble-112) A test confirmed her diagnosis as COVID-positive.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114) Aides sensed that Trump was not feeling well during the Wednesday trip.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-White_House_wanted_to_keep-115)
The White House initially sought to keep Hicks' diagnosis secret, and as of the morning of Thursday, October 1, only a very small group of senior White House officials knew of Hicks' diagnosis. No mention of her diagnosis was made in press secretary Kayleigh McEnany's news briefing that day.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-White_House_wanted_to_keep-115) McEnany later tested positive.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-05-116) After learning of Hicks's positive test, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") reporter [Kaitlan Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitlan_Collins "Kaitlan Collins") said, "Why did the press secretary still hold a briefing despite knowing she had come into contact with somebody who had just tested positive for coronavirus? She didn't even tell us. Didn't even tell reporters who were on the plane. Didn't disclose any of that."[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-feldman-117) McEnany later said she did not learn about Hicks until later that day.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bubble-112)
Hicks' diagnosis was first reported by [Jennifer Jacobs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Jacobs "Jennifer Jacobs") and Jordan Fabian of [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News") at 8:07 p.m. on October 1\.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-119)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-120)
### Bedminster fundraiser, October 1
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Bedminster fundraiser, October 1")\]
At least five of Trump's closest associates cancelled their scheduled travel to a fundraiser at [Bedminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster"): daughter Ivanka Trump, son-in-law Jared Kushner, [body man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_man "Body man") Nick Luna, Trump's deputy chief of staff for communications [Dan Scavino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Scavino "Dan Scavino"), and press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) Despite his exposure, Trump proceeded with the event, flying aboard Air Force One.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-122)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) The event had an indoor roundtable, an indoor VIP reception, and an outdoor reception.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-123) Trump spoke without a mask to over 200 supporters, most of whom also did not wear a mask.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-124)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-125) Attendees noted that Trump seemed "lethargic" and "not himself".[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-126) He showed symptoms of a mild cough, some [nasal congestion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion "Nasal congestion"), and [fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue "Fatigue").[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-further-127) Jayna McCarron, [Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard "United States Coast Guard") aide to President Trump, was assigned to accompany Trump to the Bedminster fundraiser. She later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-security_detail-128)
### Trump announces positive test result
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Trump announces positive test result")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Boards_Marine_One_\(50437670702\).jpg)
President Trump departs the White House for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a [PCR test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction "Polymerase chain reaction") when he did a live phone interview on *[Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannity "Hannity")*.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-129) [Sean Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Hannity "Sean Hannity") of [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") brought up Bloomberg's report about Hicks and asked for an update, whereupon Trump publicly mentioned Hicks' diagnosis for the first time, saying, "I just heard about this. She tested positive."[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-131) Trump stated, "It is very, very hard when you are with people from the [military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces "United States Armed Forces"), or from [law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States "Law enforcement in the United States"), and they come over to you, and they want to hug you, and they want to kiss you because we really have done a good job for them."[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-132)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-133) Without disclosing that he had already tested positive, he announced that he and the first lady were being tested for SARS-CoV-2.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-timeline-101)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118) He repeated this via Twitter after the interview. Later that night, the result of the PCR test also came in positive.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134) Trump was hospitalized the next day, October 2.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-135)
### Further outbreak
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Further outbreak")\]
On October 2, it was announced that Trump 2020 campaign manager [Bill Stepien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stepien "Bill Stepien") tested positive,[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Stepien-136) as did [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin") U.S. Senator [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"), who had been exposed to someone who tested positive when he returned to Washington D.C. on September 29.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-137) When he announced his test on October 3, Johnson said he had been with Trump over the last several weeks.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-138) Three White House [press room journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_press_corps "White House press corps"), including Michael D. Shear, also tested positive on October 2, as did a White House staffer who works with the press.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-three_journalists-139) On October 9, Representative [Mike Bost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bost "Mike Bost") was announced to have tested positive and developed symptoms after interacting with Sen. Mike Lee.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GOP_Rep._Mike_Bost_tests_positive-140)
Trump's personal attendant Nick Luna's positive test results were announced on October 3\. Luna had been at the debate and on the flight to Minnesota.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_aide_Nick_Luna_tests_positive-141) Claudia Conway, the daughter of Kellyanne Conway, announced on October 4 that she had tested positive as well.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-NY_Daily_News_2020-10-04-142) Also on October 4, Attorney General [Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") reversed his previous stance and announced he would be entering quarantine.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-rWCRc-143) On October 5, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany announced she had also tested positive.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-144) Two other White House press room staffers, Chad Gilmartin and [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt"), were also reported to have tested positive on October 5\.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-145) On October 6, new announced infections included: assistant press secretary Jalen Drummond, presidential military aide Jayna McCarron, and an unidentified military aide.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-security_detail-128)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-factbox-146)
On October 7, 2020, Bloomberg News cited four people who reported that head of the White House Security Officer Crede Bailey was "gravely ill" with COVID-19 and had been in hospital since September.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37) Bailey had been ill even before the September 26 Rose Garden event.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-credeill-13)
## Presidential hospitalization and early release
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Presidential hospitalization and early release")\]
### Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2")\]
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_\(cropped_2\).jpg "Avatar of Donald Trump") Avatar of Donald Trump | **Donald Trump** (@realDonaldTrump ) tweeted: |
> Tonight, @FLOTUS and I tested positive for COVID-19. We will begin our quarantine and recovery process immediately. We will get through this TOGETHER\!
October 2, 2020[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-TweetrealDonaldTrump-147)
At 12:54 a.m. [EDT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time "Eastern Daylight Time") on October 2, Trump announced via Twitter that both he and the first lady had tested positive for the [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") virus that night.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-149) The afternoon of the same day, the White House announced that Trump would be hospitalized at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center") in [Bethesda, Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland "Bethesda, Maryland") "for the next few days" "out of an abundance of caution", on the recommendation of the medical team headed by [Sean Conley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Conley "Sean Conley"), a [Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine") who had been the [Physician to the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_to_the_President "Physician to the President") since 2018. Because he was a [Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy "United States Navy") commander, Conley was obliged to follow the orders of his commander-in-chief.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41) Trump, who was wearing a mask, was briefly filmed walking unassisted from the White House to the [Marine One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_One "Marine One") helicopter outside to transport him to Walter Reed.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-135) According to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, Trump was hospitalized because he "had a fever and his [blood oxygen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_oxygen_capacity "Blood oxygen capacity") level had dropped rapidly".[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-150) The [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reported that "a person familiar with Trump's condition confirmed that Trump was given [oxygen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen "Oxygen") at the White House" in the morning before arriving at Walter Reed, although Trump's doctors refused to say whether he had ever been given supplemental oxygen.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-critical-151)
Trump had Walter Reed personnel sign [non-disclosure agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement "Non-disclosure agreement") in 2019 before they could be involved in treating him. Two doctors refused to sign the NDAs and were not allowed to have any involvement in his care. Medical personnel are already prohibited by the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") (HIPAA) from releasing personal health information without consent. Medical ethics professor [Arthur Caplan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Caplan "Arthur Caplan") called the NDAs redundant.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-152)
On Friday afternoon, physicians revealed Trump had been given an experimental course of [monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies "Monoclonal antibodies") from drug maker [Regeneron Pharmaceuticals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals"),[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-antibody_treatment-153) which further confirmed that Trump had received an "8 gram dose of [REGN-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REGN-COV2 "REGN-COV2")".[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-154) The drug was immediately provided in response to a "[compassionate use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassionate_use "Compassionate use")" request from the medical team.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-antibody_treatment-153) That night, Trump received his first infusion of remdesivir, an antiviral drug that disrupts virus replication. Remdesivir has not been approved by the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration"), but has been used as an emergency treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-155) The extremely aggressive combination was described as "uncharted territory"; Trump is believed to be the first individual to ever undergo both treatments simultaneously.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-156)
### Steroid treatment, October 3
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Steroid treatment, October 3")\]
Dr. Sean Conley, Physician to the President, provides an update.
At an 11 a.m. press conference on October 3, Conley stated that Trump was not currently on oxygen, that he had not had a fever for the past 24 hours, and that he was "doing very well".[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-159) Conley described Trump as being "just 72 hours into the diagnosis now", raising questions among journalists about when the diagnosis had actually been made, since it had been publicly announced only 36 hours previously. A 72-hour timeline would suggest that Trump actually knew he had the infection on September 30, but proceeded with his plans for a public rally that evening and a fundraiser on October 1.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-160) Conley later clarified that he had meant "day three" instead of "72 hours", referring to the then-current time of Saturday morning compared to the diagnosis time of Thursday night (about 36 hours). Doctors also revealed that he had exhibited symptoms on October 1, including a "mild cough, and some nasal congestion and fatigue".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-further-127) When Conley was asked if Trump was on [steroids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid "Steroid"), Conley ended the briefing.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-161)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-162)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Works_at_Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center_\(50423775191\).jpg)
Trump in the Walter Reed conference room, October 3[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-staged_photo-163)
Minutes after the press conference, an anonymous source – later identified as Meadows[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-furious-164) – contradicted the assessment from the doctors, saying "The president's vitals over the last 24 hours were very concerning and the next 48 hours will be critical in terms of his care", adding "We're still not on a clear path yet to a full recovery."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-critical-151)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-165) Shortly thereafter, Meadows stated [on the record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_\(journalism\) "Source (journalism)") the president was "doing very well".[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-166) That night, Conley warned that Trump was "not yet out of the woods" with regard to his condition.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-167) The White House released two photos which showed Trump working at the hospital, according to their captions. White House reporter [Andrew Feinberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Feinberg "Andrew Feinberg") noted that in one of the photos the president was signing documents that appeared to be blank.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-staged_photo-163)
### Motorcade excursion, October 4
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Motorcade excursion, October 4")\]
Press update on President Trump, October 4
In an October 4 press conference, Trump's medical team said that he was "doing really well" after his oxygen level dipped the day before and after he was given the steroid [dexamethasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone "Dexamethasone"), which works by reducing inflammation in the lungs.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-168) Asked if CT scans showed [pneumonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia "Pneumonia") or lung damage, Conley said, "There's some expected findings, but nothing of any major clinical concern." He declined to say what was found.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) When asked why he was reluctant to disclose that Trump had been given oxygen during the October 3 briefing, Conley stated that he did not want to "give any information that might steer the course of illness in another direction" and "it came off that we're trying to hide something, which wasn't necessarily true."[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-170) White House Director of Strategic Communications Alyssa Farah later stated that it was "a common medical practice that you want to convey confidence, and you want to raise the spirits of the person you're treating," while also asserting that Meadows' anonymous statement to reporters was intended to "give you guys more information just to try to be as transparent as we can," effectively conceding Conley was addressing the president on television, rather than the public.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-171)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-disclose_alarming-14) The president was reported to be angry about Meadows' off-the-record assessment.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-furious-164)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Greets_Supporters_\(50423102728\).jpg)
Trump greets supporters from inside an SUV on October 4.
Later in the day, Trump briefly departed the hospital to ride past a gathering of supporters at the medical center, waving from the back seat of an [SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle "Sport utility vehicle"), before returning.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172) Medical experts stated that the short outing endangered the Secret Service agents accompanying Trump inside the vehicle due to his infection.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Kanno-173)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-174) James Phillips, doctor of emergency medicine at [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University") and an attending physician at Walter Reed, sharply criticized the drive-by as "insanity" for "political theater" and wrote that Trump had endangered the Secret Service agents in the presidential SUV by potentially exposing them to COVID-19.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-175)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-176)
Within the Secret Service, some agents expressed outrage or frustration with Trump's behavior.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Kanno-173)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-USSSCare-177)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-178) One anonymous agent told journalists, "He's not even pretending to care now."[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-USSSCare-177) [Joseph Petro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Petro "Joseph Petro"), a former veteran Secret Service agent and senior official, wrote in a *Washington Post* op-ed that Trump's behavior was part of a longstanding pattern of endangering others; he also criticized Secret Service management for an "inexcusable lack of concern" for the health of agents and their families.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-179)
### Return to White House, October 5
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Return to White House, October 5")\]
Press update on President Trump, October 5
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Returns_to_the_White_House_\(50437509906\).jpg)
Trump discharged on October 5, 2020, from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
At 2:37 p.m. EDT on October 5, Trump tweeted that he would be discharged from the hospital at 6:30 p.m. that day.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-180) However, doctors said in an afternoon news briefing that Trump continued to be treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_returns_to_White_House-181) The prospect of Trump's early release astonished [infectious disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease_\(medical_specialty\) "Infectious disease (medical specialty)") experts, who noted that Trump planned to be discharged in a period when COVID-19 patients are particularly vulnerable (7–10 days after symptoms first appear) to unpredictable and rapid declines in condition.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Outside physicians stated that the depiction of Trump's illness as relatively mild was inconsistent with the [aggressive treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_COVID-19 "Management of COVID-19") he was receiving.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Trump's medical team made cryptic remarks about his status and declined to say whether Trump's CT scans contained indications of pneumonia or lung damage.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Trump made phone calls in which he shared the idea of him leaving the hospital feigning frailty, but would then rip open his dress shirt to reveal a [Superman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman "Superman") T-shirt underneath, as reported by *The New York Times*.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-182)
After reportedly pressuring his doctors to release him,[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) he was discharged and arrived at the White House shortly before 7:00 p.m. He stood for a [photo op](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_op "Photo op") at the South Portico balcony, where he removed his mask despite being potentially contagious.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-184)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-185) Having climbed two flights of stairs to the balcony, Trump appeared to breathe heavily as he steadied himself. He then gave a salute before walking inside.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_returns_to_White_House-181)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) He later went back outside with a camera crew to reshoot his entrance.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-186)
Within an hour of his arrival Trump released a video message and a promotional video, set to dramatic orchestral music, showing Marine One's flight and landing and his saluting pose from the balcony.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-187)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-188)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-189) In the video message he said, "We're going back to work. We're going to be out front. As your leader, I had to do that. I knew there's danger to it, but I had to do it. I stood out front. I led. Nobody that's a leader would not do what I did. And I know there's a risk, there's a danger, but that's OK. And now I'm better and maybe I'm immune, I don't know. But don't let it dominate your lives." The message was widely criticized. *The New York Times* commented, "Trump's statement was meant to cast his illness as an act of courage rather than the predictable outcome of recklessness."[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) He also echoed a message he had earlier tweeted: "Don't be afraid of [Covid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019"). Don't let it dominate your life" – a message which reportedly angered many survivors of the virus or people who had lost loved ones to the disease.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-190) *The New York Times* tabulated that Trump's tests, treatments, [airlifts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift "Airlift"), and hospital stay, if given to an average American, would have cost more than \$100,000. The helicopter rides alone would have cost \$40,000 after insurance.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-191)
### Return to the West Wing, October 6–7
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Return to the West Wing, October 6–7")\]
On October 6 and 7, Trump made no public appearances and had an empty public schedule, although he made more than 50 [Twitter posts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_Twitter "Donald Trump on Twitter").[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-192) In the tweets, Trump compared SARS-CoV-2 to [the flu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza "Influenza") and falsely claimed that the flu had higher death rates: "Are we going to close down our Country (because of the flu)? No, we have learned to live with it, just like we are learning to live with Covid, in most populations far less lethal!!!"[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-flat_wrong-193) Many doctors expressed alarm at the notion that the public should "learn to live with" the pandemic. Twitter tagged the post with a "misleading and potentially harmful information" flag, and Facebook removed a similar post by Trump.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-flat_wrong-193) Four hours after the tweet, and after it was flagged by Twitter's staff, Trump tweeted "REPEAL SECTION 230", an attack against [Section 230](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_230 "Section 230") of the [Communications Decency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act "Communications Decency Act"), which protects online platforms from litigation surrounding the content their users post.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-194)
Trump's behavior on October 6 caused some White House staffers to wonder if he was being influenced by the cocktail of drugs he had been taking. Aides said that Trump still sometimes sounded as if he was trying to catch his breath;[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jolt-107) Trump continued to receive remdesivir treatment inside the White House and conducted business without wearing a mask.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-195) Dr. Conley said in a [memo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum "Memorandum") that Trump has "no symptoms" and is doing "extremely well."[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-196)
On October 7, Trump insisted on conducting business in the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office"), although he was supposed to be quarantined in the [residential portion of the White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Residence "Executive Residence") and rooms had been set up there where he could work. He reportedly entered the Oval Office through an outdoor entrance so as not to encounter staff. Only two aides – Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino – spent time with him there, fully dressed in [personal protective equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment "Personal protective equipment").[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-197)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-198)
### Return to public events, October 8–12
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Return to public events, October 8–12")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peaceful_Protest_for_Law_and_Order_\(50469782238\).jpg)
Trump speaking to a crowd in the White House grounds on October 10, 2020
Trump suggested that he could have contracted COVID-19 from family members of fallen soldiers who were at the September 27 reception for Gold Star Families. He said on a [Fox Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Business "Fox Business") interview on October 8 that the family members "come within an inch of my face" and that "They want to hug me, and they want to kiss me."[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-199) Trump did not wear a mask during the event. The White House later clarified that "based on [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing"), the data we have, we don't think it arose from that event" while defending holding such events indoors with few or no masks.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-200) Trump also said in the interview that he remains on dexamethasone.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-201)
Dr. Conley issued a memo that day saying that Trump's condition was stable and he was "devoid of symptoms". He added that "Saturday (October 10) will be day 10 since Thursday's diagnosis, and based on the trajectory of advanced diagnostics the team has been conducting, I fully anticipate the president's safe return to public engagements at that time."[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-202) Ten to 20 days is the [CDC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention")'s recommendation for how long people should isolate themselves after having COVID-19.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wants-203) In an interview that night, Trump said he would like to hold a rally in Florida on October 10 and one in Pennsylvania on the 11th.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wants-203)
On October 10, Trump held his first public event since being diagnosed with the virus, speaking briefly from the [South Lawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lawn "South Lawn") portico to hundreds of guests.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-204) Conley said on October 12 that Trump tested negative on "consecutive days" using [rapid antigen tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_antigen_test "Rapid antigen test") and that the results of a PCR test, along with CDC guidelines for mild to moderate cases, indicate that he is not infectious.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-205)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-206) The CDC says it "does not recommend using antigen tests to make decisions about discontinuing isolation" and that negative tests should be confirmed with a PCR test.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-207) Later that day, Trump held his first rally since being diagnosed, in [Sanford, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Florida "Sanford, Florida").[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-208) *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*, and other news outlets did not send reporters to travel with Trump, citing concerns over basic precautions.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-209)
## Subsequent outbreaks
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Subsequent outbreaks")\]
### Pence staff
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Pence staff")\]
In late October, [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") learned an unidentified staffer in the [vice president's office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Office of the Vice President of the United States") had tested positive.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-abcshort-210) Days later, it was announced that five close advisers to Pence had tested positive: [Marc Short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Short "Marc Short"), Chief of Staff to the Vice President; Marty Obst, one of the Vice President's closest advisors; Zach Bauer, the Vice President's "body man;" as well as two unnamed members of Pence's staff.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-shortaxios-211)[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5PenceAidesCBS-212)[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-PenceBodyMan-213)
After initially trying to keep the outbreak quiet, the White House announced that Pence would continue with his schedule, including political rallies, despite having been in "close contact with Mr. Short".[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-214)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-abcshort-210)
### Election Night party
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Election Night party")\]
On November 3, 2020, [Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_\(United_States\) "Election Day (United States)"), Donald Trump held a party for staffers and [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") officials in the [East Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Room "East Room") of the White House. The party was unprecedented in its size and scope.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-215) Similarly to the Barrett nomination, few people wore masks or practiced social distancing.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-216) On November 6, White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' positive COVID-19 test was made public.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) Meadows had been diagnosed on the 4th, but tried to keep his results secret, a move that concerned officials.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-218)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:6-219) Diagnoses for [Cassidy Hutchinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy_Hutchinson "Cassidy Hutchinson"), an aide to Meadows,[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:2-220) Nick Trainor, a director for the Trump campaign, and five White House staffers[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) were also made public on the 6th. The following day, [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner") aide Charlton Boyd[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:3-221) was reported to be infected, and Florida Representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz") announced he had developed antibodies for the virus.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:4-222)
On November 9, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson") and [Citizens United](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_\(organization\) "Citizens United (organization)") head [David Bossie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bossie "David Bossie") tested positive for COVID-19. According to his brother, Carson was "in good spirits".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12) Two days later, [Brian Jack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Jack "Brian Jack"), White House political director, and [2016 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") spokesperson [Healy Baumgardner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_Baumgardner "Healy Baumgardner") were diagnosed.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:5-223) On November 12, it was revealed that party attendees [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), a Trump campaign advisor, and Republican strategist and lobbyist Jeff Miller tested positive for coronavirus.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:6-219)
On November 13, media outlets reported that over 130 Secret Service officers had been forced to self-isolate because they tested positive for the coronavirus or had been in close contact with infected individuals.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SecretService130-224)
## Effects on election and congressional activities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Effects on election and congressional activities")\]
### Vice presidential debate
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Vice presidential debate")\]
Further information: [2020 United States presidential debates § Vice presidential debate (University of Utah)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Vice_presidential_debate_\(University_of_Utah\) "2020 United States presidential debates")
Two days before the debate between Pence and Sen. [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), the Commission on Presidential Debates announced that the stage at the [University of Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Utah "University of Utah") would feature [plexiglass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexiglass "Plexiglass") barriers separating Pence, Harris, and the moderator [Susan Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Page "Susan Page") of *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-226)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-227)
At the Rose Garden ceremony on September 26, Pence had sat one row away from Mike Lee, five seats away from Thom Tillis, and three rows away from Kayleigh McEnany.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) Pence was also with Trump and Melania at the reception for Gold Star Families and was with Trump in the Oval Office the day of the first presidential debate.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-228) Pence's physician said that Pence, who tested negative, was not a close contact with anyone who had tested positive and did not need to quarantine.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-229) The night before the debate, the Trump White House released a letter from [Robert Redfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield "Robert R. Redfield"), the director of the CDC, to Pence's chief of staff Marc Short, in which Redfield declared that, based on his negative test results and discussions with Pence's physician, "the CDC concludes from a public health standpoint" that it was safe for Pence to debate.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SunAbutaleb-230) Redfield's letter, which was possibly unprecedented in CDC's history, sparked an outcry from public health experts inside and outside the CDC (such as [Angela Rasmussen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Rasmussen "Angela Rasmussen")) because the agency had not conducted an investigation into Pence's contacts; some within the CDC also objected to the letter on the grounds that it constituted a use of Pence's "special privileged access to the nation's top public health official" for a political purpose.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SunAbutaleb-230) Some outside observers also raised [continuity-of-government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_of_government "Continuity of government") concerns with Pence declining to quarantine.[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-231)
Despite his known exposure, Pence initially asked to not have a plexiglass barrier on his side of the stage. His spokesperson, Katie Miller, argued that the twelve feet of distance between the participants made the precaution unnecessary,[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) and mocked Harris for using the barrier.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-232) The day before the debate, Pence dropped his objections and agreed to the barrier.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) A number of experts noted that a plexiglass barrier would not prevent [airborne transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_transmission "Airborne transmission"), which given the stage setup was the biggest hazard.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-233) Though the Biden-Harris campaign sought to have the candidates stand, the Commission opted for the debate participants to be seated, which was the preference of the Trump-Pence.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-234)
Despite her known exposure, [Karen Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Pence "Karen Pence") appeared unmasked, violating prior agreements that all attendees would be masked except for the moderator and candidates.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-235)
### Second presidential debate
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Second presidential debate")\]
Further information: [2020 United States presidential debates § Canceled October 15 presidential debate (Arsht Center)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Canceled_October_15_presidential_debate_\(Arsht_Center\) "2020 United States presidential debates")
On October 8, the Commission on Presidential Debates made plans to have the second debate on October 15 be held in a virtual format due to Trump's COVID diagnosis. Trump declined to take part in a virtual debate, while Biden was willing to participate. Following Trump's refusal to participate, the Biden campaign announced that he would instead take questions from voters directly on October 15 via a town hall event hosted by ABC News in [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia").[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-236) The commission then canceled the debate altogether.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-237)
### Supreme Court nomination hearings
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Supreme Court nomination hearings")\]
The outbreak among senators caused the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") to delay its session by two weeks to October 19, but the [Judiciary Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary "United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary") began Judge [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett")'s nomination hearings on October 12.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Despite_Outbreak,_Congress_Takes_Its_Chances-238)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-239) [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus "Senate Democratic Caucus") tried unsuccessfully to delay the fast-track proceedings by raising safety concerns in light of infections among members.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Senators_weigh_COVID_risk-240) Committee members Mike Lee and Thom Tillis, had already tested positive, both having attended the Rose Garden event in September; member [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") had been quarantining after coming into contact with the former.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-241) While the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol")'s mask requirements were generally enforced, Mike Lee, who had been cleared by the attending physician, gave his opening statement without a mask, though he wore a mask at other times.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Sen._Lee,_recently_infected-242)[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Despite_Outbreak,_Congress_Takes_Its_Chances-238) Sens. Cruz and Tillis appeared remotely on the first day of hearings,[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hearing_remotely-243)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-244) and participated in person the other days.[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-245)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hearing_remotely-243) Committee chairman Sen. [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham"), who was at the Rose Garden event and had brief contact with Sen. Lee, said he tested negative on October 2. He did not wear a mask at his seat, but put it on when Lee approached.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-246)[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-247) [Congressional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") safety officials said that the hearing met CDC guidelines, and the chamber was set up with air ventilation systems and distancing between senators.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Sen._Lee,_recently_infected-242)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Senators_weigh_COVID_risk-240)
## Concerns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=27 "Edit section: Concerns")\]
### Risk to the public
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=28 "Edit section: Risk to the public")\]
Further information: [COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.")
[Epidemiologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology "Epidemiology") and public health experts said that the outbreak had put many people at risk in many places. Those infected carried the virus across the country and attended events in places such as [Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta"), Pennsylvania, and Minnesota. At least 6,000 people attended gatherings where they mingled closely with those infected within a week of the Supreme Court nomination ceremony on September 26.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-248)
In the [Washington, D.C. metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C._metropolitan_area "Washington, D.C. metropolitan area"), the outbreaks at the White House and [Capitol Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Hill "Capitol Hill") (where masks are required on the [House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") floor, but not the Senate floor) also presented a risk.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249) The city had made substantial progress in reducing virus transmission through stringent public health laws and a population that largely followed these laws, but the clusters began a reversal and raised concerns that the city's overall infection rate would be affected.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249) As a [federal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States "Federal government of the United States") property, the White House is exempt from the District of Columbia's public health rules, and has disregarded local mandates. The Trump White House also did not share positive test results with state or local health agencies.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249)
### Date of Trump's last negative test
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Date of Trump's last negative test")\]
After President Trump was hospitalized, it was revealed that he was not being tested daily, and the White House was unwilling to reveal the date of his last negative test.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-250) In previous months, Trump had twice claimed to test negative: in March, Trump physician Sean Conley had announced that the president had tested negative after he was exposed to COVID-positive individuals at his [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") resort.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-251) After one of Trump's personal valets tested positive in May,[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-252) Trump told reporters "I tested very positively in another sense so – this morning. Yeah. I tested positively toward negative, right. So. I tested perfectly this morning. Meaning I tested negative."[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-why_it_matters-105) At an October 16 event, Trump reported being unable to remember whether he had taken a test in the hours prior to the presidential debate.[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-253)
### Continuity of government implications
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: Continuity of government implications")\]
As of October 3, 2020[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit), a White House spokesperson confirmed that Trump remained active as president and that there had been no [transfer of presidential power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution") to Vice President Pence.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-254)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-255) On October 2, House Speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi"), next in line for the presidency after Pence, said that the White House had not contacted her about [continuity of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_of_government "Continuity of government").[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-256)
#### Military
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=31 "Edit section: Military")\]
Some [national security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States "National security of the United States") analysts said the president's diagnosis put the United States into "uncharted territory" and "deep into the danger zone".[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Defenseone-257) Former Defense Secretary [Leon Panetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Panetta "Leon Panetta") said that Trump's hospitalization raises serious national security concerns and that adversaries should be expected to exploit any vulnerabilities of the United States.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-258) However, several former defense officials downplayed concerns of foreign opportunism and argued that the U.S. national security apparatus including the [nuclear command-and-control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triad#United_States "Nuclear triad") elements of that system is resilient enough to withstand the impact of an ill or incapacitated president. Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East Mick Mulroy said, "Unless symptoms are severe enough for the commander-in-chief to be incapacitated, it would not require a change of the chain of command," and that it was unlikely an adversary would use the situation to "test" the U.S.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Defenseone-257)
On October 2, the Pentagon issued a statement saying, "There's no change to the readiness or capability of our armed forces. Our national command and control structure is in no way affected" by Trump's diagnosis.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-259)
### Mental fitness concerns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Mental fitness concerns")\]
According to a large study of COVID-19 survivors, one in five of those infected develops a mental illness within three months.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-260)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-261)
There was some concern that Trump's steroid treatment could affect his mental state. One expert commented: "Some patients may develop psychiatric symptoms after being treated with steroids including [euphoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoria "Euphoria"), mood instability, [rage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_\(emotion\) "Rage (emotion)") or psychosis. It is rare, but occurs often enough that we recognize them as undesirable side effects of steroid therapy."[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-262) Professor of Emergency Medicine [Esther Choo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Choo "Esther Choo") warned "we tell people that it can make them feel really hyper. It can make them behave very strangely."[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-A_Doctor_Weighs_In-263)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Dexamethasone-264) Among patients administered dexamethasone, about 30% develop "moderate psychiatric symptoms like [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), [insomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia "Insomnia"), mania, or delirium". About 6% develop psychosis.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265)
After Trump left the hospital for a [motorcade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcade#President_of_the_United_States "Motorcade") excursion and posted over a dozen all-caps tweets, it was speculated that the president was suffering from "[steroid-induced psychosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis "Substance-induced psychosis")".[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-266) [Megan Ranney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megan_Ranney "Megan Ranney"), an emergency physician and professor at [Brown University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University "Brown University"), told CNN's [Wolf Blitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer "Wolf Blitzer"): "I would never want to say the president is experiencing steroid-induced psychosis, but it is certainly concerning to see some of his actions today in the wake of this potentially deadly diagnosis and infectious disease."[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-267)
According to reporting by [Gabriel Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Sherman "Gabriel Sherman") of *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")*, [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") expressed concerns on October 4 that the president was "acting crazy".[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-268) Privately, White House aides had concerns about the effects of medications causing Trump's "animated mood".[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265) On October 5, Trump tweeted that he was "Feeling really good" and felt "better than I did 20 years ago", contributing to some speculation that his mental state was a side effect of medication.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183)
On October 3, Trump issued an all-caps tweet calling for passage of a coronavirus stimulus bill.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-269) On October 4, it was publicly announced that Trump had been administered dexamethasone the previous day.[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-270) On October 6, Trump unexpectedly announced on Twitter that he was halting negotiations on a stimulus bill. The announcement caused another sudden drop in the stock market, and Speaker Pelosi questioned if his steroid use was affecting his decision-making.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-271)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-272) Trump reversed this decision in another tweet sent seven hours later.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-273)
Commenting on the tweets, Dr. Choo observed: "Anytime he's doing a Twitter storm in all caps, it looks a little manic." Choo described Trump as a "presidential guinea pig" since "He's on all these medications, he's on that monoclonal antibody cocktail that we don't even know the side effects to, because it hasn't been well studied. Then he's on the Remdesivir, which is really a brand new medication in the context of COVID, which itself can cause alterations to your brain and your behaviour. And then add on the steroids."[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-A_Doctor_Weighs_In-263)
On October 8, Speaker Pelosi announced plans for a meeting the following day to discuss the [25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution").[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-274)
## Reactions
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=33 "Edit section: Reactions")\]
The White House infections could have been prevented, according to [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci"), [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases") director and [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") member.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-fauci-preventable-15) [Arthur Caplan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Caplan "Arthur Caplan"), a [bioethicist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioethics "Bioethics") at the [NYU Grossman School of Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine "New York University School of Medicine"), has stated that the outbreak and specifically Trump's diagnosis would lead to more calls for transparency about Trump's health as well as conspiracy theories about how he was infected.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-275) Dr. Megan Ranney, a leading voice on personal protective equipment, said that Trump's infection was a "preventable but predictable national security risk".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ranney-preventable-16) Julie Pryde, head of the [Champaign-Urbana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area "Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area") health district, said that the White House outbreak was preventable with basic infection-control measures.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-pryde-preventable-17)
Some medical experts noted that dexamethasone is typically administered in severe and critical cases of infection, to suppress an [immune system overreaction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_storm "Cytokine storm") that attacks vital organs which can lead to death. Dexamethasone has not been shown to be effective in milder cases of the disease.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-276) Others noted that such steroids can have mood-altering side effects ranging from depression to mania, even delirium and psychosis. There was also a risk of harmful drug interactions by administering several therapeutics at once. Some experts noted a so-called "VIP syndrome," in which a prominent patient insists on directing his own medical care, suggesting the president may have sought aggressive treatment without understanding the potential risks. As a Navy doctor, Conley is obliged to follow orders of the commander in chief. After Trump extensively promoted [hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine "Hydroxychloroquine") as a defense against infection in spring 2020, Conley administered him a two-week regimen of the drug, despite no studies finding it was effective and it had potentially dangerous side effects.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Dexamethasone-264)[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-277)
### United States public
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=34 "Edit section: United States public")\]
The response from the U.S. public was mixed, and often split along [ideological lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum "Political spectrum").[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-278) Some supporters of [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") said they were not surprised at the outbreak, due to a lack of precautions taken by Trump and other Republicans.[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-279)[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CastDoubt-280) Some people said they did not believe the diagnosis: some liberal doubters said they could not believe Trump due to the volume of false and misleading information that Trump had spread in the past,[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CastDoubt-280) while some [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") followers posited conspiracy theories asserting that Trump's diagnosis was "part of an elaborate plan to isolate the leader while violent retribution is taken against believed evil-doers."[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-281) Comedian [Michael Che](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Che "Michael Che") wished Trump "a very lengthy recovery" on the *[Saturday Night Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live "Saturday Night Live")* [news satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_satire "News satire") sketch *[Weekend Update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend_Update "Weekend Update")*.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-282)
An October 2–3 [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")/[Ipsos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsos "Ipsos") poll found that American disapproval of Trump's handling of the pandemic had increased from the previous week, with 65% of registered voters agreeing with the statement "if President Trump had taken coronavirus more seriously, he probably would not have been infected."[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-283) Another poll on October 6 revealed that 21% of respondents were more likely to wear a mask due to the news of Trump acquiring the disease.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-284)
Twitter announced that any posts [wishing for Trump's death](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threatening_the_President_of_the_United_States "Threatening the President of the United States") would be removed for violating the platform's [terms of service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service "Terms of service"). Congresswomen [Rashida Tlaib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib "Rashida Tlaib"), [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez"), [Ilhan Omar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhan_Omar "Ilhan Omar"), and [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing to longstanding posts calling for their deaths that had not been removed.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-285) Facebook and [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") announced similar policies.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-286)
### United States politicians
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: United States politicians")\]
On October 2, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said that he and [Jill Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Biden "Jill Biden") send their "prayers for the health and safety" of Donald and Melania Trump.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-287) He took all of his [negative political ads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_ad "Attack ad") off the air following the announcement of Trump's diagnosis.[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-288) His running mate Sen. Kamala Harris said that she and her husband [Doug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Emhoff "Doug Emhoff") are sharing their "deepest prayers for the health and recovery of the president and the first lady."[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-289) Former president [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") extended his "best wishes" to Trump and said that he and [Michelle Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama "Michelle Obama") hope for a speedy recovery for the Trumps.[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-290) House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said, "I always pray for the president and his family that they're safe" and said that she received the news with "great sadness".[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-291) Senate Minority Leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") wished Donald and Melania Trump and White House staffers a "speedy recovery".[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-292)
Senate Majority Leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") revealed he had not visited the White House since August 6 because of his private concerns that safety protocols were not being observed.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265)
### International politicians and leaders
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: International politicians and leaders")\]
Many politicians around the world expressed wishes for a quick recovery; others commented on the lack of response to the pandemic and the downplaying of the virus. Indian Prime Minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi"), Israeli Prime Minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu"), Philippine President [Rodrigo Duterte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte "Rodrigo Duterte"), Russian President [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin"), British Prime Minister [Boris Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson "Boris Johnson") and others issued statements of support over the outbreak through social media.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WaPo_2020-10-02-293) Others were more critical of the outbreak; [French government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France "Government of France") spokesman [Gabriel Attal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Attal "Gabriel Attal") warned that the virus spared no one, even those skeptical about its reality and seriousness. [Radoslaw Sikorski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski "Radosław Sikorski"), a [European Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament "European Parliament") member and former [Polish foreign minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_\(Poland\) "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)"), tweeted[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WaPo_2020-10-02-293) that Trump should not try to treat himself with [bleach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach "Bleach"), referring to Trump's earlier suggestion to try using [disinfectants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant "Disinfectant") as a COVID-19 treatment "by [injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_\(medicine\) "Injection (medicine)") inside or almost a cleaning."[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-294)
### Misinformation and conspiracy theories
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: Misinformation and conspiracy theories")\]
Shortly after the announcement that Trump had tested positive, [misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation "Misinformation") and [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory") began proliferating social media.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-295) Many of the conspiracy theories were politically motivated, aided by conflicting and contradictory information announced to the public by the White House, the presidential medical team, and Trump himself (through his tweets).[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-296)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Mahdawi-297)
[Michael Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore "Michael Moore") promoted the conspiracy theory that Trump might be faking his diagnosis.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-298)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-299) Similar theories were posted on social media, postulating that Trump was feigning the illness so he could quickly recover and downplay the threat of COVID-19, delay the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), or to distract the public from the reporting about [his tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump#2020_New_York_Times_reporting "Tax returns of Donald Trump").[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Mahdawi-297) Conversely, the [vice presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Vice_presidential_debate_\(University_of_Utah\) "2020 United States presidential debates") on October 7 triggered "a wave of speculation" that Pence might be symptomatic.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-300)[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-301)
Some theories were spread by supporters of the [QAnon conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon"), who believe that COVID-19 is a narrative constructed by a [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") [deep state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state_in_the_United_States "Deep state in the United States") to seize power in the United States, and that Trump's positive diagnosis was tactical, as part of a larger plan to arrest [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-302)
## List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=38 "Edit section: List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures")\]
White House personnel held multiple events in the days prior to the outbreak. On Sep 26, a nomination event for Judge Barrett was held. The following day, Gold Star families attended an event. White House personnel traveled to Ohio to attend the first presidential debate, as well as campaign events in Duluth and Bedminster, New Jersey.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303) On Nov 3, prior to the second outbreak, a watch party was held in the East Room of the White House.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12)
### People who tested positive for COVID-19
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=39 "Edit section: People who tested positive for COVID-19")\]
| | Was event attended by the patient? | Severity | Diagnosis first reported publicly | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location and event: | Barrett nomination | Gold Star Day | Ohio debate | Duluth rally | Bedminster fundraiser | Election Night party | | | |
| Patient | Position | Sep 26 | Sep 27 | Sep 29 | Sep 30 | Oct 1 | Nov 3 | | |
| Unidentified staffers | White House staffers | Exact presence unknown | Positive | Sep 16[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-goodday-39) | | | | | |
| [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | President of the United States | Symptomatic and COVID-positive on Sept 26 | | Hospitalized; discharged | Oct 2[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-critical-151) | | | | |
| [Crede Bailey](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crede_Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1 "Crede Bailey (page does not exist)") | Head of White House Security Office | Became ill over Labor Day weekend (Sep 5–7),[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Jacobs_2020-11-01-304) diagnosed before Barrett nomination event, hospitalized in late September[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Haberman_2020_10_08-305) | Hospitalized; permanently disabled[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-crede1-306)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-crede2-307) | Oct 6[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37) | | | | | |
| [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") | Senior Counselor to the President | | |  |  | Isolating[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121)[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-308) | Unknown | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 1[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-309) |
| [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee") | US Senator from [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah "Utah") |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-310) |
| [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis") | US Senator from [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina") |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-311) | Oct 2[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-312) |
| [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") | [First Lady](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States "First Lady of the United States") |  |  |  | | |  | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-313) |
| [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway") | Fmr. [Counselor to the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President "Counselor to the President") |  | | | | | Unknown | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-latest-59) |
| [Ronna McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel") | Chair of the [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") | Attended D.C. fundraiser with Trump on Sep 25[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-314) | | | | | |
| [Michael D. Shear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Shear "Michael D. Shear") & wife[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-315) | *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* correspondent | Visited the White House on Sep 26 before a trip to Pennsylvania aboard Air Force One, which he then took with the president.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Shear-62) | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-316) | | | | | |
| [Bill Stepien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stepien "Bill Stepien") | [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") manager | Traveled to Cleveland debate aboard Air Force One with President, First Lady, Hope Hicks, and Steven Miller | Unknown | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Stepien-136) | | | | |
| Al Drago | White House press room photojournalist |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 2[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| One unidentified journalist | White House press room journalist |  | Unknown | | Positive | Oct 2[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-three_journalists-139) | | | |
| 11 unidentified persons | Debate preparation staff or media | | |  | | | | Positive | Oct 2[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WKYC-97) |
| Nick Luna | [Body man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_man "Body man") to Donald Trump | | | |  | Canceled[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_aide_Nick_Luna_tests_positive-141) | Unknown | Positive | Oct 3[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_aide_Nick_Luna_tests_positive-141) |
| [Chris Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie "Chris Christie") | Former [Governor of New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey "Governor of New Jersey") |  | Also in close contact with Trump at a Sep 26 meeting, debate prep meetings, and a Sep 27 press conference | Hospitalized; discharged | Oct 3[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-317)[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-318) | | | | |
| [John I. Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Jenkins "John I. Jenkins") | [University of Notre Dame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame "University of Notre Dame") President |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 3[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-319) |
| [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson") | US Senator from [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin") | Exposed to unnamed individual on Sep 14[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-320) | Positive but asymptomatic | Oct 3[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-321) | | | | | |
| [Claudia Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Conway "Claudia Conway") | Daughter of Kellyanne Conway | Exposed to Kellyanne Conway | Positive and symptomatic[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-322) | Oct 4[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-NY_Daily_News_2020-10-04-142) | | | | | |
| [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany") | White House press secretary |  | | |  | Canceled[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) | Unknown | Positive but asymptomatic | Oct 5[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-05-116) |
| [Greg Laurie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Laurie "Greg Laurie") | Pastor of [Harvest Christian Fellowship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_Christian_Fellowship "Harvest Christian Fellowship") |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 5[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-323) |
| Chad Gilmartin | Principal assistant press secretary |  | | | | | | Positive | Oct 5[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-05-116) |
| Karoline Leavitt | Assistant press secretary |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-324) | Oct 5[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-05-116) |
| Two unidentified staffers | White House residence staff | Regularly exposed to First Family | Positive | Oct 5[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41) | | | | | |
| Jayna McCarron | [U.S. Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard "United States Coast Guard") aide to the president | Regularly exposed to Trump | Positive | Oct 6[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-325) | | | | | |
| Unidentified military personnel | President's valet[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-factbox-146) | Regularly exposed to Trump | Positive | Oct 6[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-326) | | | | | |
| [Adm. Charles Ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ray_\(admiral\) "Charles Ray (admiral)") | [Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Commandant_of_the_Coast_Guard "Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard") | |  | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 6[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| Jalen Drummond | Assistant White House Press Secretary |  | | | | | | Positive | Oct 6[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-327) |
| [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") | [Senior Advisor to the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President "Senior Advisor to the President") | | |  | | | Unknown | Positive | Oct 6[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91) |
| [Salud Carbajal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salud_Carbajal "Salud Carbajal") | U.S. Representative from [CA-24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_24th_congressional_district "California's 24th congressional district") | Reportedly exposed to Sen. Mike Lee | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 6[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-328) | | | | | |
| Harrison W. Fields | Assistant press secretary | Regularly exposed to Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany | Positive | Oct 7[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | | |
| Gen. [Gary Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_L._Thomas_\(general\) "Gary L. Thomas (general)") | [Marine Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps") assistant commandant | Exposed to Admiral Charles Ray | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 7[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GenThomasReuters-329)[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GenThomasAP-330) | | | | | |
| [Mike Bost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bost "Mike Bost") | US Representative from [IL-12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois%27s_12th_congressional_district "Illinois's 12th congressional district") | Exposed to Mike Lee | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 9[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GOP_Rep._Mike_Bost_tests_positive-140) | | | | | |
| Trish Scalia | Wife of Labor Secretary [Eugene Scalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Scalia "Eugene Scalia") |  | | | | | | Positive and symptomatic | Oct 14[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-331) |
| Barron Trump | Son of Donald & Melania Trump | Announced Oct 14, diagnosed on Oct 1 along with parents | Positive | Oct 14[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-332)[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-333) | | | | | |
| [Marc Short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Short "Marc Short") | Pence [Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_to_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States") | Regularly in close contact with VP Mike Pence | Isolating[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-shortaxios-211) | Positive | Oct 24[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-shortaxios-211) | | | | |
| Marty Obst | Pence advisor | Regularly in close contact with VP Mike Pence | Positive | Oct 24[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-shortaxios-211) | | | | | |
| Zach Bauer | [Body man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_man "Body man") to Pence | Regularly in close contact with VP Mike Pence | Unknown | Positive | Oct 24[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-innercircle-334)[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-PenceBodyMan-213) | | | | |
| Two unidentified staffers | Members of Pence's staff | Regularly in contact with VP Mike Pence | Positive | Oct 24[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5PenceAidesCBS-212)[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-innercircle-334) | | | | | |
| [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows_\(North_Carolina_politician\) "Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)") | [White House Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") |  | |  | Travels with Trump on "almost every trip" |  | Positive | Nov 6[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:3-221)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) | |
| Cassidy Hutchinson | Aide to Mark Meadows | Regularly in contact with Chief of Staff Mark Meadows | Positive | Nov 6[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:2-220) | | | | | |
| Five unidentified staffers | Members of Trump's staff | Regularly in contact with President Trump | Positive | Nov 6[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-MarkMeadows-335)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) | | | | | |
| Nick Trainor | Trump campaign battleground director | Regularly in contact with President Trump | Positive | Nov 6[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) | | | | | |
| Unknown campaign staffer | Member of Trump campaign staff | Regularly in contact with President Trump | Positive | Nov 6[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) | | | | | |
| Charlton Boyd | Aide to Jared Kushner | Regularly in contact with Jared Kushner | Positive | Nov 7[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:3-221) | | | | | |
| [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz") | US Representative from [FL-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%27s_1st_congressional_district "Florida's 1st congressional district") | Present at Trump rallies on Oct 16, Oct 19, and Oct 23. Unmasked in close contact with Trump campaign on Nov 3 | Asymptomatic, positive for antibodies | Nov 7[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:4-222) | | | | | |
| [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson") | [HUD secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") | Exposed to Trump at campaign event in Atlanta on Sep 25.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |  | "Desperately ill"[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-336) | Nov 9[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-337) | | | | |
| Several staffers | White House staffers | Many were presumably attendees at Trump's Election Night party on Nov 3. | Positive | Nov 9[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12) | | | | | |
| [David Bossie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bossie "David Bossie") | Head of [Citizens United](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_\(organization\) "Citizens United (organization)") |  | | | | |  | Positive | Nov 9[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-338)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bossie_head-339) |
| [Brian Jack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Jack "Brian Jack") | White House Political Director | | | | | |  | Positive | Nov 11[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:5-223) |
| [Healy Baumgardner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_Baumgardner "Healy Baumgardner") | [2016 Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") spokesperson | | | | | |  | Positive | Nov 11[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:5-223) |
| [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski") | 2016 Trump campaign manager | Attended [Four Seasons Total Landscaping event](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference "Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference") on Nov 7 | [\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-lewandowski-340) | Positive | Nov 12[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-lewandowski-340) | | | | |
| Jeff Miller | [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") strategist | | | | | |  | Positive | Nov 12[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-341) |
| Richard Walters | RNC Chief of staff | | | | | | | Positive | Nov 12[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:6-219) |
| ≥30 Secret Service officers[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-342) | Officers assigned the president's detail | Regularly exposed to President Trump | Positive | Nov 13[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SecretService130-224) | | | | | |
| [Chuck Grassley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Grassley "Chuck Grassley") | US Senator from Iowa | Attended Trump rally on Nov 1 in Dubuque, Iowa | Positive but asymptomatic[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-343) | Nov 17[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto3-344) | | | | | |
| [Andrew Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Giuliani "Andrew Giuliani") | White House aide, Rudy's son | Golfs with Trump, attended Rudy Giuliani press conference on November 19 | Positive | Nov 20[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-345)[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-346) | | | | | |
| [Rick Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Scott "Rick Scott") | US Senator from Florida | Attended Trump rally on November 2 | Positive and symptomatic | Nov 20[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-347)[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-348) | | | | | |
| [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") | Son of Donald Trump | | |  | Attended Nov 1 rally in Dubuque[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto4-349) |  | Positive but asymptomatic | Nov 20[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto2-350) | |
| Regular contact with Donald Trump and Kimberly Guilfoyle | | | | | | | | | |
| [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") | US Senator from Georgia | Attended rally with Rick Scott and [David Perdue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Perdue "David Perdue") on November 13 | Positive | Nov 21[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-loefflerpos-351) | | | | | |
| [Boris Epshteyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Epshteyn "Boris Epshteyn") | 2020 Trump campaign strategic advisor | Attended Rudy Giuliani press conference on November 19 | Positive and symptomatic | Nov 25[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hillEpshteyn-352) | | | | | |
| [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani") | Fmr. NYC mayor; Trump's personal attorney | Exposed to Andrew Giuliani and others. Appeared unmasked before Michigan lawmakers on Dec 2 and Georgia lawmakers on Dec 3 | Hospitalized; discharged[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-353)[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-354) | Dec 6[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-355) | | | | | |
| [Jenna Ellis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenna_Ellis "Jenna Ellis") | Trump campaign attorney | Regularly exposed to Rudy Giuliani. Attended Christmas party for Senior White House staff unmasked on December 4. | Positive | Dec 8[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-JennaEllis-356) | | | | | |
| [Devin Nunes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devin_Nunes "Devin Nunes") | US Representative from [CA-22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%27s_22nd_congressional_district "California's 22nd congressional district") | | Asymptomatic, positive for antibodies | Dec 11[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-357) | | | | | |
| [David Bernhardt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bernhardt "David Bernhardt") | [Interior secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior "United States Secretary of the Interior") | Regularly in close contact with others in White House. May have attended Christmas parties in White House. | Positive | Dec 17[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-DavidBernhardt-358) | | | | | |
### Notable exposures
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=40 "Edit section: Notable exposures")\]
| | Did the exposed individual attend the event? | Current status | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location and event: | Barrett nomination | Gold Star Day | Ohio debate | Duluth rally | Bedminster fundraiser | Election Night party | | |
| Exposed Individual | Position | Sep 26 | Sep 27 | Sep 29 | Sep 30 | Oct 1 | Nov 3 | |
| [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner") | Trump advisor, son-in-law |  | |  |  | Canceled[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) | Unknown | Negative[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ivaneg-359) |
| [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") | Trump advisor, daughter |  | |  |  | Canceled[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) |  | Negative[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ivaneg-359) |
| [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") | Son of Donald Trump | | |  | | |  | Negative[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-eric-360) |
| [Lara Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Trump "Lara Trump") | Wife of Eric Trump | | |  | | |  | Negative[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-eric-360) |
| [Dan Scavino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Scavino "Dan Scavino") | Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications | | | |  | Canceled[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) | Unknown | Negative[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ivaneg-359) |
| [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") | Vice President of the United States |  |  | | | |  | Reportedly negative[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-361)[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-groth-362) |
| [Karen Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Pence "Karen Pence") | [Second Lady of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lady_of_the_United_States "Second Lady of the United States") |  |  | | | |  | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [William Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") | [Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney_General_of_the_United_States "Attorney General of the United States") |  | | | | | | Negative, quarantined[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-363)[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-364) |
| [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett") | Federal appellate judge, [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States") nominee |  | | | | | | Negative (previously infected)[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-365) |
| [Alex Azar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Azar "Alex Azar") | [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Secretary of Health and Human Services") | \[I\] | Also exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at an event announcing a COVID-19 testing initiative. | [\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-366) | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | |
| [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") | Former Vice President | | |  | | | | Negative[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wilkie-367) |
| [Jill Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Biden "Jill Biden") | Former Second Lady | | |  | | | | Negative[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wilkie-367) |
| [Eugene Scalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Scalia "Eugene Scalia") | [Secretary of Labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor "United States Secretary of Labor") |  | | | | | | Negative[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-368) |
| [Ben Sasse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Sasse "Ben Sasse") | US Senator from [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska "Nebraska") |  | | | | | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Deb Fischer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deb_Fischer "Deb Fischer") | US Senator from Nebraska |  | | | | | | Negative[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-369) |
| [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") | US Senator from [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "Georgia (U.S. state)") |  | | | | | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley "Josh Hawley") | US Senator from [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri") |  | | | | | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Harry R. Jackson Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_R._Jackson_Jr. "Harry R. Jackson Jr.") | [Pentecostal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism "Pentecostalism") bishop |  | Attended Trump events on Oct 6 in Cleveland Heights, on Oct 15 in Miami, and on Oct 23 in Raleigh[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-370)[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-371)[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-372) | Deceased by Nov 9[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto1-74) | | | | |
| [Jim Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jordan "Jim Jordan") | US Representative from [OH-04](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%27s_4th_congressional_district "Ohio's 4th congressional district") | | |  | | | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Chris Coons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Coons "Chris Coons") | US Senator from [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware "Delaware") | | |  | | | | Negative[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WCAU_2020-10-02-373) |
| [Lisa Blunt Rochester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Blunt_Rochester "Lisa Blunt Rochester") | US Representative from [DE-AL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district "Delaware's at-large congressional district") | | |  | | | | Negative[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WCAU_2020-10-02-373) |
| [Chris Wallace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wallace "Chris Wallace") | [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") anchor, [debate moderator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#September_29_presidential_debate_\(Case_Western_Reserve_University\) "2020 United States presidential debates") | | |  | | | | Negative[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-374) |
| [Tiffany Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") | Daughter of Donald Trump | | |  | | |  | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Kimberly Guilfoyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Guilfoyle "Kimberly Guilfoyle") | Trump advisor, partner of Donald Trump Jr. | | |  | | |  | Unknown (previously infected)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-375) |
| [Pat Cipollone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Cipollone "Pat Cipollone") | [White House Counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Counsel "White House Counsel") |  | | | | | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani") | Former [Mayor of New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City "Mayor of New York City"), Trump advisor | | |  | | | Unknown\[I\] | Underwent prophylactic treatment[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian_rudy-376) |
| Giuliani participated in debate prep with Trump and Christie[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-377) and later exhibited a cough.[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-378) In a later interview, Giuliani reported undergoing prophylactic treatment.[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-newsweek_rudy-379) | | | | | | | | |
| [Mike Crapo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Crapo "Mike Crapo") | US Senator from [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho "Idaho") |  | | | | | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Marsha Blackburn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsha_Blackburn "Marsha Blackburn") | US Senator from [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee "Tennessee") |  | | | | | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) |
| [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") | [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") | |  | | | | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) |
| Gen. [Mark Milley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley "Mark Milley") | [Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff") | |  | | | | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) |
| [Joni Ernst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joni_Ernst "Joni Ernst") | US Senator from [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa "Iowa") | Exposed to Sen. Mike Lee on Oct 1 at Judiciary Committee meeting.[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ernst1-381) | | Negative[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ernst1-381) | | | | |
| [Tate Reeves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_Reeves "Tate Reeves") | [Governor of Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi "Governor of Mississippi") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at an event announcing a COVID-19 testing initiative[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-dixon-382) | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Mike Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Turner "Mike Turner") | US Representative from [OH-10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio%27s_10th_congressional_district "Ohio's 10th congressional district") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at event featuring Lordstown Motors[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-383) | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Robert B. Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B._Ford "Robert B. Ford") | CEO of [Abbott Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories "Abbott Laboratories") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at an event announcing a COVID-19 testing initiative | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Betsy DeVos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_DeVos "Betsy DeVos") | [Secretary of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education "United States Secretary of Education") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at an event announcing a COVID-19 testing initiative | | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Steven Mnuchin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin "Steven Mnuchin") | [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury "United States Secretary of the Treasury") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 30 at an Oval Office meeting | [\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-384) | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Jason Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Miller_\(communications_strategist\) "Jason Miller (communications strategist)") | [Trump re-election campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") senior advisor | Traveled to Cleveland for the Presidential Debate aboard Air Force One | Unknown | Negative[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Paula Reid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_Reid "Paula Reid") | [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") White House correspondent | Exposed to Kayleigh McEnany and another staffer at press briefing on Oct 1 | | Awaiting results[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-385) | | | | |
| [Rob Portman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Portman "Rob Portman") | US Senator from Ohio | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at event featuring Lordstown Motors[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-386) | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro") | Director of the [OTMP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Trade_and_Manufacturing_Policy "Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy") | Exposed to Trump on Sep 28 at event featuring Lordstown Motors | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| Gen. [John E. Hyten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Hyten "John E. Hyten") | [Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff") | Quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [James C. McConville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._McConville "James C. McConville") | [Chief of Staff of the Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Army "Chief of Staff of the United States Army") | Suspected quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [David H. Berger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Berger "David H. Berger") | [Commandant of the Marine Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commandant_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps "Commandant of the United States Marine Corps") | Suspected quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [Charles Q. Brown Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr. "Charles Q. Brown Jr.") | [Chief of Staff of the Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force "Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force") | Quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [John W. Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Raymond "John W. Raymond") | [Chief of Space Operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Space_Operations "Chief of Space Operations") | Quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [Daniel R. Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Hokanson "Daniel R. Hokanson") | [Chief of the National Guard Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_the_National_Guard_Bureau "Chief of the National Guard Bureau") | Suspected to be quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Adm. [Mike Gilday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Gilday "Mike Gilday") | [Chief of Naval Operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations "Chief of Naval Operations") | Suspected to be quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| Gen. [Paul Nakasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nakasone "Paul Nakasone") | [Director of the NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_NSA "Director of the NSA") | Suspected to be quarantined after exposure to Adm. Charles Ray. | | Unknown[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-esperexpose-380) | | | | |
| [Robert C. O'Brien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._O%27Brien "Robert C. O'Brien") | [National Security Advisor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Advisor "United States National Security Advisor") |  | Traveled to Cleveland for the Presidential Debate aboard Air Force One | | Unknown (previously infected)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-387) | | | |
| [Todd Ricketts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Ricketts "Todd Ricketts") | Co-owner of [Chicago Cubs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Cubs "Chicago Cubs"), RNC finance chair | Exposed to Trump and McDaniel at the Sep 25 fundraiser | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Thomas O. Hicks Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_O._Hicks_Jr. "Thomas O. Hicks Jr.") | Co-chair of the [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") | Exposed to Trump and McDaniel at the Sep 25 fundraiser | | Unknown[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) | | | | |
| [Michael Boulos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Boulos "Michael Boulos") | Business executive, partner of Tiffany Trump | | | | | | [\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-388) | Unknown |
## Timeline of events
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=41 "Edit section: Timeline of events")\]
### June–September 2020
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=42 "Edit section: June–September 2020")\]
- **June 20**: [Trump rally in Tulsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally") attended by over 6,000. Hicks, Cain, two Secret Service agents, two staffers, and a journalist later test positive.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-389)
- **July 30**: Death of [Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain")[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-390)
- **August 17**: Trump rally at Mankato, Minnesota attended by 500[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- **August 20**: Trump rally at Lackawanna, Pennsylvania attended by several hundred[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- **September 5–7**: Crede Bailey, head of the White House Security Office, fell ill with COVID-19.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Jacobs_2020-11-01-304)
- **September 13**: Trump rally at Henderson, Nevada attended by 5,000.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38)
- **September 16**: At least one unnamed staffer tests positive[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-goodday-39)
- **September 17**: Trump rally at Mosinee, Wisconsin attended by thousands[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-391)
- **September 18**: Trump rally at Bemidji, Montana attended by thousands, 16 attendees test positive, two hospitalized[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-392)
- **September 24**: Pence and Ivanka Trump attend event at Minnesota hotel; three attendees test positive
- **September 26**:
- 150 guests attend Rose Garden ceremony nominating Amy Coney Barrett; a reception follows. At least 18 attendees tested positive.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-after_rose_garden-57)
- Trump exhibits symptoms and tests positive for COVID-19.
- Trump rally at Middletown, Pennsylvania attended by thousands[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- Debate prep team meets at the White House. At least seven team members later tested positive[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- **September 27**:
- Golfing
- Reception for 40 Gold Star families, at least three attendees later tested positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- **September 28**:
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- Press conference announcing a new COVID-19 testing initiative[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-dixon-382)
- **September 29**:
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- First presidential debate in Cleveland, Ohio; Trump arrives late and avoids COVID-19 test. At least four attendees later tested positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- **September 30**:
- Private fundraiser in Shorewood attended by about 40 guests[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-393)
- Duluth rally attended by 2,500 people. At least four White House personnel in attendance later test positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") quarantined[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-politico-oct2nd-69)
- Crede Bailey hospitalized in late September[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Haberman_2020_10_08-305)
### October 2020
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=43 "Edit section: October 2020")\]
#### October 1–15
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=44 "Edit section: October 1–15")\]
- **October 1**, three known cases:
Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany holds a press briefing, despite knowledge of exposure, October 1, 2020. Video from [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House").
- - Kayleigh McEnany holds press briefing despite knowledge of exposure; she later tested positive.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-feldman-117)
- Fundraiser at Bedminster golf club in New Jersey is attended by 200; two White House team members in attendance later test positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- Trump tests positive[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)
- Hope Hicks diagnosis revealed by Bloomberg News[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118)
- Sean Hannity appearance[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)
- Stephen Miller begins self-quarantine.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91)
- Eric Trump holds rally in Rothschild, Wisconsin[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-394)
- **October 2** , 25+ known cases:
- Trump announces his diagnosis via Twitter[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)
- Trump airlifted to Walter Reed[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)
- **October 3** , 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172)
- Chris Christie hospitalized
- **October 4** , 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital, motorcade excursion[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172)
- Barr enters quarantine[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-rWCRc-143)
- Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump photographed exercising while masked; the two are not publicly seen in the coming days.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 5** , 32+ known cases: Trump returns to White House
- Giuliani interviewed while exhibiting cough[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian_rudy-376)
- **October 6** , 35+ known cases:
- Admiral Charles Ray, Coast Guard aide to the President Jayna McCarron, and an unnamed military person who serves as valet to the President test positive
- Joint Chiefs of Staff self-quarantine due to exposure via Admiral Ray
- White House aide Stephen Miller and Assistant Press Secretary Jalen Drummond's positive test is announced[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91)
- **October 7** , 36+ known cases:
- General Gary Thomas tests positive[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GenThomasReuters-329)
- Rudy Giuliani reveals he is undergoing 'prophylactic' treatment[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-newsweek_rudy-379)
- Vice presidential debate
- **October 8**
- The Commission on Presidential Debates announces that the second debate will be held in a virtual format, due to Trump's COVID diagnosis[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-395)
- Donald Trump Jr. holds a tightly packed indoor rally in Florida[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-396)
- Pence cancels events and returns to D.C.[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-397)
- **October 10**:
- White House holds event on the South Lawn where Trump appears on balcony to address hundreds of attendees.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-398)
- Pence returns to campaign with events in Orlando and at [The Villages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Villages "The Villages") .[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-399)
- **October 12**
- White House physician reports Trump has tested negative for COVID-19.[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-400)
- Trump attends campaign rally at [Orlando Sanford International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sanford_International_Airport "Orlando Sanford International Airport") in [Sanford, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Florida "Sanford, Florida") .[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-401)
- **October 13**: Trump rally at [John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Murtha_Johnstown-Cambria_County_Airport "John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport") in [Cambria County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_County,_Pennsylvania "Cambria County, Pennsylvania") .[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-402)
- **October 14**: Trump rally at [Des Moines International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_International_Airport "Des Moines International Airport") in [Des Moines, Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa "Des Moines, Iowa") .[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-403)
- **October 15**: Trump rally at [Pitt–Greenville Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Greenville_Airport "Pitt–Greenville Airport") in [Greenville, North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville,_North_Carolina "Greenville, North Carolina") .[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-404)
#### October 16–31
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=45 "Edit section: October 16–31")\]
- **October 16**
- Trump rally at [Ocala International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocala_International_Airport "Ocala International Airport") in [Marion County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Florida "Marion County, Florida") .[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-405) Rep. Matt Gaetz, who would later test positive for antibodies, was in attendance.[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-406)
- Trump rally at [Middle Georgia Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Georgia_Regional_Airport "Middle Georgia Regional Airport") in [Bibb County, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibb_County,_Georgia "Bibb County, Georgia") .[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-407)
- **October 18**: Trump rally at [Carson City Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City_Airport "Carson City Airport") in [Carson City, Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada "Carson City, Nevada") .[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-408)
- **October 19**
- Trump rally at [Prescott Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott_Regional_Airport "Prescott Regional Airport") in [Prescott, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona "Prescott, Arizona") .[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-409)
- Trump rally at [Tucson International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson_International_Airport "Tucson International Airport") in [Tucson, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona "Tucson, Arizona") .[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-410)
- **October 20**:
- Trump rally at [Erie International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_International_Airport "Erie International Airport") in [Erie, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania "Erie, Pennsylvania") .[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-411)
- Melania Trump cancelled her first schedule appearance since developing symptoms, citing a "lingering cough".[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-412)
- **October 21**: Trump rally at [Gastonia Municipal Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastonia_Municipal_Airport "Gastonia Municipal Airport") in [Gaston County, North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_County,_North_Carolina "Gaston County, North Carolina").[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-413)
- **October 22**: Final presidential debate in Nashville, Tennessee[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-414)
- **October 23**:
- Trump rally at The Villages Polo Club in [Sumter County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumter_County,_Florida "Sumter County, Florida").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Pensacola International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola_International_Airport "Pensacola International Airport") in [Escambia County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escambia_County,_Florida "Escambia County, Florida"). Rep Matt Gaetz spoke and signed autographs; He would later develop antibodies.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-415)
- **October 24**:
- Trump rally at Pickaway Agriculture and Event Center in [Pickaway County, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickaway_County,_Ohio "Pickaway County, Ohio").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Waukesha County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waukesha_County_Airport "Waukesha County Airport") in [Waukesha County, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waukesha_County,_Wisconsin "Waukesha County, Wisconsin").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Five aides to Pence test positive.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-pence-aides-6)
- **October 25**:
- Trump rally at [Manchester–Boston Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport "Manchester–Boston Regional Airport") in [Manchester, New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire "Manchester, New Hampshire").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 26**:
- Trump rally at [Lancaster Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_Airport_\(Pennsylvania\) "Lancaster Airport (Pennsylvania)") in [Lancaster County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania "Lancaster County, Pennsylvania").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Altoona–Blair County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altoona%E2%80%93Blair_County_Airport "Altoona–Blair County Airport") in [Blair County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_County,_Pennsylvania "Blair County, Pennsylvania").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 27**:
- Trump rally at [Capital Region International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Region_International_Airport "Capital Region International Airport") in [Clinton County, Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan "Clinton County, Michigan").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Crosse_Fairgrounds_Speedway "La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway") in [West Salem, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Salem,_Wisconsin "West Salem, Wisconsin").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Eppley Airfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eppley_Airfield "Eppley Airfield") in [Douglas County, Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nebraska "Douglas County, Nebraska").[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-416)
- **October 28**:
- Trump rally at [Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughlin/Bullhead_International_Airport "Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport") in [Mohave County, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohave_County,_Arizona "Mohave County, Arizona").[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-RalliesAZ1028-417)
- Trump rally at [Phoenix Goodyear Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Goodyear_Airport "Phoenix Goodyear Airport") in [Maricopa County, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maricopa_County,_Arizona "Maricopa County, Arizona").[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-RalliesAZ1028-417)
### November 2020
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=46 "Edit section: November 2020")\]
- **November 1**:
- Thousands gather at Dubuque Regional Airport, Iowa for a Trump rally.[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-418) Chuck Grassley and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto3-344)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto2-350)[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto4-349)
- Tightly packed Trump rally at Rome, Georgia draws 30,000.[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-419) Senators David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler attended;[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-420) Loeffler would later test positive.
- Rally at Opa-Locka Airport in Miami draws thousands.[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-421) Two attendees, Sen. Rick Scott and Carlos Gimenez, would later test positive.[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-422)
- **November 2**: Thousands attend Trump Rally at Kenosha Airport in Wisconsin. Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-423)
- **November 3**: About 200 attended election night event in the White House East Room; Mark Meadows, David Bossie, [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"), Brian Jack, Corey Lewandowski and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-424)[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BI-Carson-425)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bossie_head-339)
- **November 5**: Trump rally at Republican headquarters in Atlanta; Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-426)
- **November 6**: Mark Meadows tests positive for coronavirus.[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-MarkMeadows-335)
- **November 7**:
- Florida's house representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz") tests positive for coronavirus antibody but not the live virus, indicating that he was infected with coronavirus at some point in the past.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-427)
- The Trump Campaign holds an [event at Four Seasons Total Landscaping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference "Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference"). Corey Lewandoski would later test positive.[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-428)
- Joe Biden projected winner of the 2020 presidential election
- **November 8**: Trump campaign advisor David Bossie tests positive for COVID-19.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-429) Bossie had been placed in charge of the Trump campaign post-election strategy the week prior when Mark Meadows' COVID-19 status was made public.[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-430)
- **November 9**: Secretary of HUD Ben Carson tests positive for coronavirus. He had been in attendance at the November 3 election night event at the White House.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BI-Carson-425)
- **November 11**:White House political director Brian Jack is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus over the previous weekend. Jack was also at the White House election night event.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-431)
- **November 12**: Corey Lewandowski, a Trump campaign advisor working on the post-election legal team, is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus on Wed Nov 11. Lewandowski was present at the election night party following which several other White House staff and Trump campaign workers have received a COVID-19 diagnosis.[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-432)
- **November 13**: Rick Scott attends packed event for Loeffler and Perdue at Black Diamond Grill in Cummings, Georgia.[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-433)[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-434)[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-435) Scott reportedly entered quarantine after returning to Florida.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-436) Loeffler would later test positive.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-loefflerpos-351)
- **November 15**: Donald Trump Jr. tests positive "at the start of the week".[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto2-350)
- **November 17**: Chuck Grassley reports testing positive.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-437)
- **November 19**: Giuliani holds press conference. Three attendees, Andrew Giuliani, [Boris Epshteyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Epshteyn "Boris Epshteyn"), and Christianné Allen would later test positive.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-andrewgiuliani-438)[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hillEpshteyn-352)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-439)
- **November 20**:
- White House aide Andrew Giuliani, Senator Rick Scott, and Donald Trump Jr. revealed to have tested positive for COVID-19[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-andrewgiuliani-438)[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-440)
- Pence holds rally with David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler in Canton, Georgia.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-441) Loeffler would report testing positive the following day.
- **November 21**: Senate candidate [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") reports testing positive.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-loefflerpos-351)
- **November 25**: Boris Epshteyn reported to have tested positive for COVID-19.[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hillEpshteyn-352) After hosting a public meeting in Gettysburg, Mastriano attends White House meeting where he receives news of positive test results.[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-mastriano-442)
- **November 27**: Florida member-elect of the US House [Carlos Gimenez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_A._Gim%C3%A9nez "Carlos A. Giménez") reported to have tested positive.[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-443)
- **November 29**: Pennsylvania state senator [Doug Mastriano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Mastriano "Doug Mastriano") reported to have tested positive.[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-mastriano-442)
- **November 30**: Giuliani meets, unmasked, with Arizona lawmakers.[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-444)
### December 2020
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=47 "Edit section: December 2020")\]
- **December 2**: Giuliani appears unmasked before Michigan lawmakers.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
- **December 3**: Giuliani appears unmasked before Georgia lawmakers.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
- **December 5**: Trump, Perdue, and Loeffler attend a rally in Valdosta, Georgia.[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-446)
- **December 6**: Giuliani reported to have tested positive.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=48 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [2020 Trump Tulsa rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally")
- [List of 2020 Donald Trump campaign rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)")
- [List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump since September 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020\)#September "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)")
- [COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")
- [October surprise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_surprise "October surprise"), a news event that may influence the outcome of an upcoming election
- [Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic")
- [Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution")
- [Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan "Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan"), a previous event in which a sitting President's health was at risk
- [Luke Letlow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Letlow "Luke Letlow"), U.S. Representative–elect (LA-5) who died of COVID-19 in December 2020 before taking office
- U.S. Representative [Ron Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Wright_\(politician\) "Ron Wright (politician)"), first sitting member of Congress to die of COVID-19[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-447)
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=49 "Edit section: References")\]
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[Bennett, Geoff \[@GeoffRBennett\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Bennett_\(journalist\) "Geoff Bennett (journalist)") (December 6, 2020). ["By NBC's count, at least 53 people in Trump's orbit have tested positive for COVID-19. That number includes administration officials, campaign staffers and close contacts. (The count starts with Hope Hicks' diagnosis in October and includes the Giuliani announcement today.)"](https://twitter.com/GeoffRBennett/status/1335691018025447424) ([Tweet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_\(social_media\) "Tweet (social media)")). Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter").
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## External links
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| [Pre-pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS "SARS") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS "MERS") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Disease X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_X "Disease X") [Exercise Cygnus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus "Exercise Cygnus") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") |
| 2020 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") |
| 2021 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") |
| 2022 | [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") |
| 2023 | [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") |
| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") | |
| | |
| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")([national responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")) | |
| | |
| Northern | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya "COVID-19 pandemic in Libya") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia "COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia") [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic") |
| Eastern | [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi "COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea "COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia "COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya "COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar "COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda "COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles "COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia "COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia") [Puntland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland "COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland") [Somaliland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland "COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda "COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda") |
| Southern | [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola "COVID-19 pandemic in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana "COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho "COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi "COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique "COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia "COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") [list of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa "List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia "COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe") |
| Central | [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad "COVID-19 pandemic in Chad") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon "COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe "COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe") |
| Western | [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea") [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana "COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana") timeline 2020 [March–July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(March%E2%80%93July_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)") [August–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(August%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") impact [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast "COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia "COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali "COVID-19 pandemic in Mali") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger "COVID-19 pandemic in Niger") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal "COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone "COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo "COVID-19 pandemic in Togo") |
| [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") | |
| | |
| Central/North | [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") impact [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan") |
| East | |
| | |
| [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau "COVID-19 pandemic in Macau") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan") [respirator diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") | |
| [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") | [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China "COVID-19 lockdown in China") [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China (page does not exist)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing "COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics") [Heilongjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang") [Henan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan "COVID-19 pandemic in Henan") [Hubei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei "COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei") [Inner Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia") [Liaoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning "COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning") [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai "COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai") [2022 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak "2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak") [Sichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan") [Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet "COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet") [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang") |
| [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") | |
| | |
| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives "COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal "COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka") | |
| [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "COVID-19 pandemic in India") | |
| | |
| [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India "COVID-19 lockdown in India") [migrant workers' crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") timeline 2020 [January–May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(January%E2%80%93May_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)") [June–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(June%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)") [union government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") [state government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Vaccine Maitri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri "Vaccine Maitri") | |
| By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands") [Andhra Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh") [Arunachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh") [Assam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam "COVID-19 pandemic in Assam") [Bihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar "COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar") [Chandigarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh") [Chhattisgarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu "COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu") [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi "COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi") [Goa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa "COVID-19 pandemic in Goa") [Gujarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat "COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat") [Haryana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana "COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana") [Himachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh") [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir") [Jharkhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand") [Karnataka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka "COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka") [Kerala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [Ladakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh "COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh") [Lakshadweep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep "COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep") [Madhya Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh") [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra "COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra") [Manipur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur "COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur") [Meghalaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya "COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya") [Mizoram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram "COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram") [Nagaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland "COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland") [Odisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha "COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha") [Puducherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry "COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry") [Punjab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India "COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India") [Rajasthan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan "COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan") [Sikkim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim "COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim") [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu") [Telangana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana "COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana") [Tripura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura "COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura") [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh") [Uttarakhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand") [West Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal "COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal") |
| [Southeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia") | |
| | |
| [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei "COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia "COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia") timeline [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)") [social restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions "Indonesia large-scale social restrictions") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement "Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos "COVID-19 pandemic in Laos") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar "COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)") [circuit breaker response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures "2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste "COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") | impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Aid and relief efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [movement control order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order "Malaysian movement control order") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [Johor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor "COVID-19 pandemic in Johor") [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur") [Sabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah "COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak "COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak") [Selangor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor "COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor") |
| [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [community quarantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon "Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Bangsamoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro") [Bicol Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region") [Cagayan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley "COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley") [Calabarzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon") [Caraga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga "COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga") [Central Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon") [Central Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas") [Cordillera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region") [Davao Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region") [Eastern Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas") [Ilocos Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region") [Metro Manila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila "COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila") [Mimaropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa "COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa") [Northern Mindanao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao") [Soccsksargen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen "COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen") [Western Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula "COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula") [Overseas Filipinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| West | [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain "COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(country\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)") [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia "COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia") [South Ossetia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran "COVID-19 pandemic in Iran") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq "COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq") [Kurdistan Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel "COVID-19 pandemic in Israel") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan "COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon "COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman "COVID-19 pandemic in Oman") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine "COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar "COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria "COVID-19 pandemic in Syria") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen "COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen") |
| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") | |
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| [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") | |
| | |
| [history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)") [January–June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)") [July–December 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)") [January–June 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)") [July–December 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") [Operation Rescript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rescript "Operation Rescript") [contracts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom "Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom") impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") | |
| By location | [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England "COVID-19 pandemic in England") timeline 2020 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London "COVID-19 pandemic in London") [local lockdown regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England "COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England") [first tier regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England "First COVID-19 tier regulations in England") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland "COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in Wales") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies "COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man "COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey "COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey") [Overseas territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia "COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar "COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar") |
| Eastern | [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus "COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova "COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova") [Gagauzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia "COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia") [Transnistria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria "COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") [government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine") [Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea "COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea") [Sevastopol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol "COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol") |
| Western Balkans | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania "COVID-19 pandemic in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo "COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro "COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") |
| [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria "COVID-19 pandemic in Austria") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium "COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark "COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia "COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland "COVID-19 pandemic in Finland") [Åland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land "COVID-19 pandemic in Åland") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France "COVID-19 pandemic in France") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy "COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany "COVID-19 pandemic in Germany") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece "COVID-19 pandemic in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary "COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy "COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia "COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania "COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg "COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta "COVID-19 pandemic in Malta") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland "COVID-19 pandemic in Poland") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal "COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias "COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Community of Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid "COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden "COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Gloria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gloria "Operation Gloria") |
| EFTA countries | [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland "COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein "COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway "COVID-19 pandemic in Norway") [Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard "COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland") |
| Microstates | [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra "COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco "COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino "COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City "COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City") |
| [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") | |
| | |
| Atlantic | [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland "COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon") |
| Canada | [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [federal aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [military response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Laser "Operation Laser") [Atlantic Bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble "Atlantic Bubble") [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") [Nunavut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut "COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)") [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa "COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa") [Peel Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel") [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto "COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto") [York Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York") [Provincial government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal "COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal") [boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") |
| Caribbean | |
| | |
| Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados "COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica "COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada "COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti "COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica "COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") |
| [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") | [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat "COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") |
| | |
| [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba "COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao "COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten") | |
| Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire "COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba "COVID-19 pandemic in Saba") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius") |
| French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") |
| US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") |
| Central America | [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize "COVID-19 pandemic in Belize") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica "COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador "COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala "COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras "COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua "COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama "COVID-19 pandemic in Panama") |
| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | |
| | |
| [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") | |
| [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [state and local governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") |
| By location | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House]() [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") |
| [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") | |
| | |
| [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji "COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia "COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati "COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru "COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia "COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue "COVID-19 pandemic in Niue") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau "COVID-19 pandemic in Palau") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea") [Bougainville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville "COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville") [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands") [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga "COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu "COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu") [Wallis and Futuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna "COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna") | |
| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)") 2021 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)") [Australian Capital Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory") [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\(Keeling\)_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands") [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island") [Northern Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory") [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland "COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland") [South Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia") [Tasmania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania") [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria "COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria") [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia") |
| [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") | timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Alert levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand") [Traffic light system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework "COVID-19 Protection Framework") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [managed isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand") |
| [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia "COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador "COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana "COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [Cusco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco "COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname "COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela "COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela") |
| Others | [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [*Diamond Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [*Grand Princess*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle "COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") |
| [Impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| Culture and entertainment | |
| | |
| [Arts and cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") | [References in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Corona-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-chan "Corona-chan") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Music industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [U.S. sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") |
| [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") | |
| | |
| [Female education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Homeschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| By country | [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") [exam grading controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy "2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") |
| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") | |
| | |
| [Bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") | |
| By country | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports") |
| By sport | [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [NBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season "Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") |
| Society and rights | |
| | |
| [Social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 "Social stigma associated with COVID-19") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children") [foster care in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Pandemic baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_baking "Pandemic baking") |
| Labor | [Healthcare workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Great Resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Resignation "Great Resignation") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "2021 Myanmar coup d'état") |
| Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [U.S. immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") |
| Minority | [Gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBT community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community") [African communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Indian_migrant_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indian migrant workers") [Disability community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") | [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| [Charitable activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID-19 scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_scams "COVID-19 scams") [Travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| By country | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment "COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [U.K.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") |
| By industry | [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport") [Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Cannabis industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [meat industry in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada") [meat industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [ICU capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity") [Long-term care facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Mink farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Public transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") |
| Supply and trade | [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Chip supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage "2020–2023 global chip shortage") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis "2021–2023 global energy crisis") [Global supply chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis "2021–2023 global supply chain crisis") [Oil price war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war "2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Global stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge "2021–2022 inflation surge") |
| Information | |
| | |
| [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Wikipedia's response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") | [Governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") *[Plandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plandemic "Plandemic")* |
| [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation "List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation") [List of political officials who have tested positive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_officials_who_have_tested_positive_for_COVID-19 "List of political officials who have tested positive for COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| [Political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest "2021 Abkhazia unrest") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17A "17A") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia "COVID-19 protests in Australia") [Convoy to Canberra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra "Convoy to Canberra") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests "2020 Azerbaijani protests") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests "2020–2021 Belarusian protests") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests "2022 Brussels protests") [2020 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests "2020 Brazilian protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests "2021 Brazilian protests") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada "COVID-19 protests in Canada") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest "Canada convoy protest") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests "2019–2022 Chilean protests") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China "2022 COVID-19 protests in China") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest "2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest") [healthcare reform protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests "2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests "2021 Colombian protests") [2022 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests "2022 Colombian protests") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests "2021 Cuban protests") [Yellow vests protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests "Yellow vests protests") [labor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests "2021 French labor protests") [French West Indies social unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies "2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_convoy_protest "France convoy protest") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany "COVID-19 protests in Germany") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting "2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Greek_protests "2021 Greek protests") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel "COVID-19 protests in Israel") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu "2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy "Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests "2021 Mongolian protests") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands") [curfew riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots "2021 Dutch curfew riots") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 protests in New Zealand") [Wellington protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests "2021 Paraguayan protests") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests "2020–2022 Serbian protests") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests "2021 Tunisian protests") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") |
| [International relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") | [Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") [Vaccine diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy "Vaccine diplomacy") |
| [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Anthropause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropause "Anthropause") [Doomscrolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomscrolling "Doomscrolling") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Green recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_recovery "Green recovery") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing") [Superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event") [Twindemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindemic "Twindemic") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_\(software\) "Zoom (software)") [Zoom towns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") |
| Others | [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Pregnant women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") |
| Health issues | |
| | |
| Medical topics | [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19 "Transmission of COVID-19") [Symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") [Cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer "COVID-19 and cancer") [Endemic COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19 "Endemic COVID-19") [Skin manifestations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Rehabilitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 "Rehabilitation after COVID-19") [Unproven medical methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") |
| Testing and epidemiology | |
| | |
| [Datasets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_datasets "COVID-19 datasets") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Operation Moonshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Moonshot "Operation Moonshot") [Test to Release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_to_Release "Test to Release") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium "UK Rapid Test Consortium") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test "AbC-19 rapid antibody test") [investigations into the origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 "Investigations into the origin of COVID-19") [lab leak theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Rapid antigen test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test "COVID-19 rapid antigen test") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance "COVID-19 surveillance") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") | |
| [Apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") | [Aarogya Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarogya_Setu "Aarogya Setu") [BlueTrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueTrace "BlueTrace") [careFIJI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CareFIJI "CareFIJI") [Coronavirus Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia "Coronavirus Australia") [Corona-Warn-App](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-Warn-App "Corona-Warn-App") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application") [COVID Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Alert "COVID Alert") (Canada) [COVIDSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIDSafe "COVIDSafe") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland "COVID Tracker Ireland") [Covid Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Watch "Covid Watch") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing "Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing") [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") [Health Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Code "Health Code") [Healthy Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_Together "Healthy Together") [Immuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuni "Immuni") [Koronavilkku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavilkku "Koronavilkku") [LeaveHomeSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe "LeaveHomeSafe") [MySejahtera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySejahtera "MySejahtera") [NHS COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_COVID-19 "NHS COVID-19") [NZ COVID Tracer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer "NZ COVID Tracer") [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") [PathCheck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathCheck "PathCheck") [PeduliLindungi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeduliLindungi "PeduliLindungi") [SafeEntry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafeEntry "SafeEntry") [SafePass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafePass "SafePass") [StaySafe.ph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StaySafe.ph "StaySafe.ph") [SwissCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwissCovid "SwissCovid") [TCN Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN_Protocol "TCN Protocol") [Test, Trace, Protect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect "Test, Trace, Protect") [Thai Chana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chana "Thai Chana") [TousAntiCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TousAntiCovid "TousAntiCovid") [TraceTogether](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceTogether "TraceTogether") [Valtrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtrace "Valtrace") [Zoe Health Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study "Zoe Health Study") |
| Prevention | [Air purifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier "Air purifier") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box "Corsi–Rosenthal Box")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Anti-mask sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment "Anti-mask sentiment") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Great Barrington Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration "Great Barrington Declaration") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Safe Hands Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge "Safe Hands Challenge") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Workplace hazard controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 "Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") |
| [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") | |
| | |
| Topics | [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Clinical research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [EU Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 "Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic") |
| Authorized | |
| | |
| [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") | [ZyCoV-D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyCoV-D "ZyCoV-D") |
| [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine") [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [COVIran Barekat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIran_Barekat "COVIran Barekat") [CoviVac (Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoviVac_\(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\) "CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)") [FAKHRAVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAKHRAVAC "FAKHRAVAC") [Minhai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine "Minhai COVID-19 vaccine") [QazCovid-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QazCovid-in "QazCovid-in") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm WIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Turkovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkovac "Turkovac") [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") | [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [Subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") | [Abdala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdala_\(vaccine\) "Abdala (vaccine)") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19 "COVAX-19") [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona") [IndoVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoVac "IndoVac") [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Noora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noora_\(vaccine\) "Noora (vaccine)") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Razi Cov Pars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars "Razi Cov Pars") [Sinopharm CNBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine") [Soberana 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_02 "Soberana 02") [Soberana Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_Plus "Soberana Plus") [ZF2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") (Zifivax) |
| [Viral vector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine "Viral vector vaccine") | [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Light "Sputnik Light") |
| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [CoVLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoVLP "CoVLP") |
| In trials | |
| | |
| [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVI-VAC_\(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\) "COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)") |
| DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 "AG0302-COVID‑19") [GX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GX-19 "GX-19") [Inovio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine "Inovio COVID-19 vaccine") |
| Inactivated | [KD-414](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KD-414 "KD-414") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") |
| RNA | [ARCT-021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-021 "ARCT-021") [ARCT-154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-154 "ARCT-154") [Bangavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangavax "Bangavax") [CureVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine "CureVac COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [HGC019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGC019 "HGC019") [mRNA-1283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA-1283 "MRNA-1283") [PTX-COVID19-B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B "PTX-COVID19-B") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine "Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine") [Walvax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine "Walvax COVID-19 vaccine") |
| Subunit | [202-CoV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/202-CoV "202-CoV") [AKS-452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS-452 "AKS-452") [EuCorVac-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuCorVac-19 "EuCorVac-19") [IVX-411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVX-411 "IVX-411") [Nanocovax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocovax "Nanocovax") [ReCOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReCOV "ReCOV") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine") [S-268019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-268019 "S-268019") [SCB-2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCB-2019 "SCB-2019") [SCTV01C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTV01C "SCTV01C") [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione") [UB-612](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB-612 "UB-612") [V-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-01 "V-01") [V451](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V451_vaccine "V451 vaccine") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine "Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine") [West China Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine "West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") |
| Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19 "AdCLD-CoV19") [BriLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife "BriLife") [COH04S1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COH04S1 "COH04S1") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT "DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT") [GRAd-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAd-COV2 "GRAd-COV2") [ImmunityBio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine "ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine") [iNCOVACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCOVACC "INCOVACC") [INNA-051](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INNA-051 "INNA-051") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine "Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine") |
| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") | [ABNCoV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNCoV2 "ABNCoV2") [LYB001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYB001 "LYB001") [MigVax-101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MigVax-101 "MigVax-101") [VBI-2902](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI-2902 "VBI-2902") |
| [Deployment by location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") | |
| | |
| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in Africa") | [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola "COVID-19 vaccination in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana "COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi "COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad "COVID-19 vaccination in Chad") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt "COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana "COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco "COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal "COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe") |
| Asia | [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan") [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran "COVID-19 vaccination in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal "COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey "COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam") |
| Europe | [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania "COVID-19 vaccination in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia "COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece "COVID-19 vaccination in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary "COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland "COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova "COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway "COVID-19 vaccination in Norway") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal "COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania "COVID-19 vaccination in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain "COVID-19 vaccination in Spain") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden "COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom") |
| North America | [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec "COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti "COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") |
| Oceania | [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia "COVID-19 vaccination in Australia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji "COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand") |
| South America | [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina "COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia "COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru "COVID-19 vaccination in Peru") |
| Others | |
| [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 "Treatment and management of COVID-19") | |
| | |
| [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Baricitinib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib "Baricitinib") [PANORAMIC trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial "PANORAMIC trial") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial "RECOVERY Trial") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial "Solidarity trial") (WHO) | |
| [Monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody "Monoclonal antibody") | [Bamlanivimab/etesevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab "Bamlanivimab/etesevimab") [Bamlanivimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab "Bamlanivimab") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebtelovimab "Bebtelovimab") [Casirivimab/imdevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab "Casirivimab/imdevimab") [Regdanvimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regdanvimab "Regdanvimab") [Sarilumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab "Sarilumab") [Sotrovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrovimab "Sotrovimab") [Tixagevimab/cilgavimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab "Tixagevimab/cilgavimab") [Tocilizumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab "Tocilizumab") |
| [Small molecule antivirals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug "Antiviral drug") | [Broad-spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug "Broad-spectrum antiviral drug") [Ensitrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensitrelvir "Ensitrelvir") [Molnupiravir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir "Molnupiravir") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir "Nirmatrelvir") [ritonavir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir") |
| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") | |
| | |
| Specific | [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") |
| General | [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") [Variant of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") |
| Institutions | |
| | |
| Hospitals and medical clinics | |
| | |
| Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan "Central Hospital of Wuhan") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre "Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre") [Fangcang hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangcang_hospital "Fangcang hospital") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital "Huoshenshan Hospital") [Leishenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital "Leishenshan Hospital") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel "Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital "Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital") |
| Others | [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [Garran Surge Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre "Garran Surge Centre") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador "Hospital El Salvador") [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village "Kemayoran Athletes Village") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital "Pyongyang General Hospital") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang "Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers "Mega Ligtas COVID Centers") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre "Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital "Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital "Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham "NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London "NHS Nightingale Hospital London") [North East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East "NHS Nightingale Hospital North East") [North West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West "NHS Nightingale Hospital North West") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber "NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan "NHS Louisa Jordan") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital "Dragon's Heart Hospital") (Wales) |
| Organizations | |
| | |
| [National Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cabinet_\(Australia\) "National Cabinet (Australia)") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceUpFirst "ScienceUpFirst") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology "Wuhan Institute of Virology") (China) [Independent SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_SAGE "Independent SAGE") (United Kingdom) | |
| Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_\(Hong_Kong\) "Department of Health (Hong Kong)") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases "National Institute for Communicable Diseases") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control "Taiwan Centers for Disease Control") (Taiwan) |
| Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force "COVID-19 Immunity Task Force") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council "COVID-19 Supply Council") (Canada) [PREPARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPARE "PREPARE") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 "National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force "COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\(2020\) "National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre "Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee "Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases "Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center "Central Epidemic Command Center") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board "Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium "COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team "Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre "Joint Biosecurity Centre") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce "Vaccine Taskforce") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team") (United States) [GACH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GACH "GACH") (Uruguay) |
| Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") (India) [Artist Relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_Relief "Artist Relief") (United States) |
| People | |
| | |
| Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Fen "Ai Fen") [Corona Rintawan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Rintawan "Corona Rintawan") [Li Wenliang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang "Li Wenliang") [Liu Wen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Wen_\(doctor\) "Liu Wen (doctor)") [Xie Linka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Linka "Xie Linka") [Zhang Wenhong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong "Zhang Wenhong") |
| [Researchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers "Category:Coronavirus researchers") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud "Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud") [Roberto Burioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Burioni "Roberto Burioni") [Chen Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Wei_\(medical_scientist\) "Chen Wei (medical scientist)") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Andrea Crisanti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_\(scientist\) "Andrea Crisanti (scientist)") [Peter Daszak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak "Peter Daszak") [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") [Neil Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_\(epidemiologist\) "Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)") [Dale Fisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Fisher "Dale Fisher") [George F. Gao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Gao "George F. Gao") [Azra Ghani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra_Ghani "Azra Ghani") [Sarah Gilbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert "Sarah Gilbert") [Guan Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Yi "Guan Yi") [Kentaro Iwata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata "Kentaro Iwata") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Matt Keeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Keeling "Matt Keeling") [Trudie Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Lang "Trudie Lang") [Li Lanjuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Lanjuan "Li Lanjuan") [W. Ian Lipkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin "W. Ian Lipkin") [Ma Xiaowei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei "Ma Xiaowei") [Shabir Madhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabir_Madhi "Shabir Madhi") [Allison McGeer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_McGeer "Allison McGeer") [Camilla Rothe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Rothe "Camilla Rothe") [Shi Zhengli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli "Shi Zhengli") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Mike Tildesley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tildesley "Mike Tildesley") [John Todd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Todd_\(British_biologist\) "John Todd (British biologist)") [Wang Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chen_\(physician\) "Wang Chen (physician)") [Wang Guangfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Guangfa "Wang Guangfa") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung "Yuen Kwok-yung") [Zeng Guang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_Guang "Zeng Guang") [Zhang Jixian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Jixian "Zhang Jixian") [Zhang Yongzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen "Zhang Yongzhen") [Zhong Nanshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan "Zhong Nanshan") |
| Officials | |
| | |
| WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus "Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Aylward "Bruce Aylward") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove "Maria Van Kerkhove") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_\(doctor\) "Michael J. Ryan (doctor)") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) |
| By location | [Frank Atherton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton "Frank Atherton") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield "Ashley Bloomfield") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood "Catherine Calderwood") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen "Chang Shan-chwen") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung "Chen Shih-chung") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching "Chuang Yin-ching") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Costache "Victor Costache") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio "Fabrizio Curcio") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Deseda "Carmen Deseda") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel "Jaap van Dissel") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III "Francisco Duque III") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo "Francesco Paolo Figliuolo") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas "Graça Freitas") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo "Henrique Gouveia e Melo") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Hancock "Matt Hancock") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Hasan "Hamad Hasan") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Hunt "Greg Hunt") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Holohan "Tony Holohan") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong "Jeong Eun-kyeong") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca "Fahrettin Koca") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Keqiang "Li Keqiang") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez "Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_\(doctor\) "Michael McBride (doctor)") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 "Oriol Mitjà") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize "Zweli Mkhize") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_Monardo "Doni Monardo") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller "Alma Möller") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Namaki "Saeed Namaki") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco "Ala Nemerenco") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long "Nguyễn Thanh Long") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah "Noor Hisham Abdullah") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pilli "Ali Pilli") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Salinas "Daniel Salinas") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon "Jérôme Salomon") (France) [Fernando Simón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n "Fernando Simón") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith "Gregor Smith") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Ih-jen "Su Ih-jen") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski "Łukasz Szumowski") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Tam "Theresa Tam") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Tegnell "Anders Tegnell") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason "Þórólfur Guðnason") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras "Sotiris Tsiodras") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_\(Delhi_politician\) "Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson "Víðir Reynisson") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti "Carla Vizzotti") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu "Vlad Voiculescu") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty "Chris Whitty") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") (United States) |
| Others | [Chen Qiushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Qiushi "Chen Qiushi") [Brett Crozier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Crozier "Brett Crozier") [Fang Bin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Bin "Fang Bin") [Fang Fang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Fang "Fang Fang") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond "Joseph Ashitey Hammond") [Li Zehua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zehua "Li Zehua") [Captain Tom Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore "Captain Tom Moore") [Qiu Menghuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang "Qiu Menghuang") [Ren Zhiqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang "Ren Zhiqiang") |
| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") | |
| Data (templates) | |
| | |
| Global | WHO situation reports [cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") |
| Asia | [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [by division](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division (page does not exist)") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary (page does not exist)") China [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\(dots\) "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China (page does not exist)") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province (page does not exist)") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Timor-Leste_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Timor-Leste medical cases chart (page does not exist)") Egypt [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Kuwait cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases (page does not exist)") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (page does not exist)") Myanmar [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary (page does not exist)") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [areas of quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines (page does not exist)") [vaccinations chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart (page does not exist)") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [vaccinations charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts (page does not exist)") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [vaccination charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts (page does not exist)") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Thailand cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases (page does not exist)") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart (page does not exist)") [statistics charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts (page does not exist)") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart (page does not exist)") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")[COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | |
|---|---|
| Timeline [early cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_early_cases_of_COVID-19_in_the_United_States "List of early cases of COVID-19 in the United States") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [Testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 testing in the United States") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") [misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") | |
| Locations | |
| | |
| States and D.C. | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House]() [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") |
| Territories and other areas | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") |
| Ships | *[Grand Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess")* [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") |
| [Responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") | |
| | |
| Government response | |
| | |
| Pre-pandemic exercises [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Event 201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201 "Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security") [Federal government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [Biden administration COVID-19 action plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration_COVID-19_action_plan "Biden administration COVID-19 action plan") [State and local government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") state responses [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") Regional responses [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") [Eviction moratoriums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_eviction_moratoriums_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 eviction moratoriums in the United States") [House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Subcommittee_on_the_Coronavirus_Pandemic "United States House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic") [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [USNS *Mercy*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Mercy "USNS Mercy") [USNS *Comfort*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Comfort "USNS Comfort") [2020 Oval Office address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address "2020 Oval Office address") [Paycheck Protection Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program "Paycheck Protection Program") [Pandemic Response Accountability Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_Response_Accountability_Committee "Pandemic Response Accountability Committee") [Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Inspector_General_for_Pandemic_Recovery "Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery") [COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Congressional_Oversight_Commission "COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission") | |
| Legislation | [Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020 "Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020") [Families First Coronavirus Response Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Families_First_Coronavirus_Response_Act "Families First Coronavirus Response Act") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paycheck_Protection_Program_and_Health_Care_Enhancement_Act "Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act") [HEROES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEROES_Act "HEROES Act") [HEALS Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEALS_Act "HEALS Act") [American Rescue Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021 "American Rescue Plan Act of 2021") |
| Private response | |
| | |
| [Center for COVID Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_COVID_Control "Center for COVID Control") [Covid Act Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Act_Now "Covid Act Now") [COVID Tracking Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracking_Project "COVID Tracking Project") [MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MusiCares_COVID-19_Relief_Fund "MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund") | |
| Media | *[30 Rock: A One-Time Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_Rock:_A_One-Time_Special "30 Rock: A One-Time Special")* *[Acting for a Cause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_for_a_Cause "Acting for a Cause")* *[Digital Drag Fest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Drag_Fest "Digital Drag Fest")* *[Home Movie: The Princess Bride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Movie:_The_Princess_Bride "Home Movie: The Princess Bride")* *[iHeart Living Room Concert for America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IHeart_Living_Room_Concert_for_America "IHeart Living Room Concert for America")* *[Make It Work\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_It_Work! "Make It Work!")* *[Saturday Night Seder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Seder "Saturday Night Seder")* *[Saturday Night Live at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_at_Home "Saturday Night Live at Home")* *[Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sesame_Street:_Elmo%27s_Playdate "Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate")* *[The Disney Family Singalong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong "The Disney Family Singalong")* *[Volume II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Family_Singalong:_Volume_II "The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II")* *[Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Me_to_the_World:_A_Sondheim_90th_Birthday_Celebration "Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration")* *[Together at Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Together_at_Home "Together at Home")* *[Saving Our Selves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving_Our_Selves "Saving Our Selves")* *[A Parks and Recreation Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Parks_and_Recreation_Special "A Parks and Recreation Special")* *[Rise Up New York\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_Up_New_York! "Rise Up New York!")* "[U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Deaths_Near_100,000,_An_Incalculable_Loss "U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss")" *[Dear Class of 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Class_of_2020 "Dear Class of 2020")* *[\#Graduation2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduation2020 "Graduation2020")* *[Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_Together:_America_Honors_the_High_School_Class_of_2020 "Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020")* *[We Are One: A Global Film Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_One:_A_Global_Film_Festival "We Are One: A Global Film Festival")* *[Global Goal: Unite for Our Future](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Goal:_Unite_for_Our_Future "Global Goal: Unite for Our Future")* *[A Killer Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Killer_Party "A Killer Party")* *[The Disney Holiday Singalong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Disney_Holiday_Singalong "The Disney Holiday Singalong")* *[WrestleMania 36](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_36 "WrestleMania 36")* *[Ratatouille the Musical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratatouille_the_Musical "Ratatouille the Musical")* [Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Kidman_AMC_Theatres_commercial "Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial") [93rd Academy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/93rd_Academy_Awards "93rd Academy Awards") [74th Tony Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/74th_Tony_Awards "74th Tony Awards") *[Stars in the House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars_in_the_House "Stars in the House")* |
| Impacts | |
| | |
| [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Effects_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "2020 United States presidential election") [postal voting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postal_voting_in_the_2020_United_States_elections "Postal voting in the 2020 United States elections") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") [Abortion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Congressional insider trading scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_congressional_insider_trading_scandal "2020 congressional insider trading scandal") [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Foster care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Microsoft Teams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Teams "Microsoft Teams") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") [George Floyd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [Election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_United_States_election_protests "2020–21 United States election protests") [United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Racial disparities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_disparities_in_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Racial disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [African-American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_diaspora "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African diaspora") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States#Sports "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Zoom Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Communications "Zoom Communications") [2022–2023 pediatric care crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_pediatric_care_crisis "2022–2023 pediatric care crisis") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") | |
| | |
| [Meat industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [Recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Restaurant industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") | |
| [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") | [Alabama aluminum plant strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Alabama_aluminum_plant_strike "2020–2021 Alabama aluminum plant strike") [Allegheny Technologies strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Allegheny_Technologies_strike "2021 Allegheny Technologies strike") [Bath shipbuilders' strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Bath_shipbuilders%27_strike "2020 Bath shipbuilders' strike") [Columbia University strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Columbia_University_strike "2021–2022 Columbia University strike") [Frito-Lay strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Frito-Lay_strike "2021 Frito-Lay strike") [HarperCollins strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%932023_HarperCollins_strike "2022–2023 HarperCollins strike") [Heaven Hill strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Heaven_Hill_strike "2021 Heaven Hill strike") [Hunts Point Produce Market strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Hunts_Point_Produce_Market_strike "2021 Hunts Point Produce Market strike") [John Deere strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_John_Deere_strike "2021 John Deere strike") [Kellogg's strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kellogg%27s_strike "2021 Kellogg's strike") [Mercy Hospital strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mercy_Hospital_strike "2021 Mercy Hospital strike") [Michigan graduate students' strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Michigan_graduate_students%27_strike "2020 Michigan graduate students' strike") [Nabisco strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Nabisco_strike "2021 Nabisco strike") [Oregon Tech strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Oregon_Tech_strike "2021 Oregon Tech strike") [Saint Vincent Hospital strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Saint_Vincent_Hospital_strike "2021–2022 Saint Vincent Hospital strike") [St. Charles Bend strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_St._Charles_Bend_strike "2021 St. Charles Bend strike") [St. Paul Park refinery strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_St._Paul_Park_refinery_strike "2021 St. Paul Park refinery strike") [University of Illinois Hospital strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_University_of_Illinois_Hospital_strikes "2020 University of Illinois Hospital strikes") [Virginia Volvo Trucks strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Virginia_Volvo_Trucks_strike "2021 Virginia Volvo Trucks strike") [Warrior Met Coal strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_Warrior_Met_Coal_strike "2021–2023 Warrior Met Coal strike") |
| Notable people | |
| | |
| Federal | [Jerome Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Adams "Jerome Adams") [Scott Atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Atlas "Scott Atlas") [Alex Azar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Azar "Alex Azar") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") [Deborah Birx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Birx "Deborah Birx") [Rick Bright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Bright "Rick Bright") [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") [Pete Gaynor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Gaynor "Pete Gaynor") [Brett Giroir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Giroir "Brett Giroir") [Stephen Hahn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hahn "Stephen Hahn") [Ashish Jha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashish_Jha "Ashish Jha") [Ron Klain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Klain "Ron Klain") [Nancy Messonnier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Messonnier "Nancy Messonnier") [Vivek Murthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek_Murthy "Vivek Murthy") [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro") [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") [Gustave F. Perna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_F._Perna "Gustave F. Perna") [Robert R. Redfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield "Robert R. Redfield") [Todd T. Semonite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_T._Semonite "Todd T. Semonite") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Andy Slavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Slavitt "Andy Slavitt") [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") [Rochelle Walensky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochelle_Walensky "Rochelle Walensky") [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") |
| State and local | [Amy Acton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Acton "Amy Acton") [Eric Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Adams "Eric Adams") [Greg Abbott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Abbott "Greg Abbott") [Kate Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Brown "Kate Brown") [Andrew Cuomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo "Andrew Cuomo") [Dave A. Chokshi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_A._Chokshi "Dave A. Chokshi") [Bill de Blasio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio "Bill de Blasio") [Ron DeSantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis "Ron DeSantis") [Mike DeWine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_DeWine "Mike DeWine") [Eric Garcetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Garcetti "Eric Garcetti") [Kathy Hochul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathy_Hochul "Kathy Hochul") [Larry Hogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hogan "Larry Hogan") [Jay Inslee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Inslee "Jay Inslee") [Jim Kenney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Kenney "Jim Kenney") [Brian Kemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kemp "Brian Kemp") [Ned Lamont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned_Lamont "Ned Lamont") [Lori Lightfoot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Lightfoot "Lori Lightfoot") [Phil Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Murphy "Phil Murphy") [Gavin Newsom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavin_Newsom "Gavin Newsom") [J. B. Pritzker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._Pritzker "J. B. Pritzker") [Gretchen Whitmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer "Gretchen Whitmer") [Tom Wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Wolf "Tom Wolf") |
| Scientists | [Yaneer Bar-Yam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaneer_Bar-Yam "Yaneer Bar-Yam") [Carl Bergstrom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Bergstrom "Carl Bergstrom") [Mandy Cohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy_Cohen "Mandy Cohen") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Natalie Dean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalie_Dean "Natalie Dean") [Eric Feigl-Ding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Feigl-Ding "Eric Feigl-Ding") [Céline Gounder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Gounder "Céline Gounder") [Scott Gottlieb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Gottlieb "Scott Gottlieb") [Peter Hotez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Hotez "Peter Hotez") [Akiko Iwasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiko_Iwasaki "Akiko Iwasaki") [Ashish Jha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashish_Jha "Ashish Jha") [Marc Lipsitch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Lipsitch "Marc Lipsitch") [Syra Madad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syra_Madad "Syra Madad") [Lauren Meyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauren_Meyers "Lauren Meyers") [Michael Mina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Mina_\(epidemiologist\) "Michael Mina (epidemiologist)") [Michael Osterholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Osterholm "Michael Osterholm") [Kimberly Prather](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Prather "Kimberly Prather") [Caitlin Rivers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caitlin_Rivers "Caitlin Rivers") |
| **[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19 portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template:First presidency of Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump")[First presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") | |
|---|---|
| General | [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the first Trump administration") [ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of ambassadors appointed in the first Trump presidency") [U.S. attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "First cabinet of Donald Trump") [Pence vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Mike_Pence "Vice presidency of Mike Pence") [Economic advisors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump "List of economic advisors to Donald Trump") [Withdrawn appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn "List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn") [Short-tenure appointees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments "List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments") [Dismissals and resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dismissals_and_resignations_in_the_first_Trump_administration "List of dismissals and resignations in the first Trump administration") [attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys "2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys") [Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey "Dismissal of James Comey") [inspectors general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_dismissals_of_inspectors_general "2020 dismissals of inspectors general") [Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the first Trump presidency") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the first Trump presidency") Impeachments [efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [impeachment inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [first impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [first trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [second trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") [Opinion polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the first Trump presidency") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2017 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2018 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration "2019 opinion polling on the Trump administration") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_first_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the first Trump presidency") [Joe Arpaio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio "Pardon of Joe Arpaio") [commutation of Jaime Davidson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr. "Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.") [Proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020–21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2020–21)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2017\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2018\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2019\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)") [2020–21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020%E2%80%9321\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Rex Tillerson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State") [Mike Pompeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State") [North Korea summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018–19 Korean peace process") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit "2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit") [Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit "2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit") [DMZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit "2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit") [Riyadh summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit "2017 Riyadh summit") [Helsinki summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_Summit "2018 Russia–United States Summit") [2019 state visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2019 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") [Namaste Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namaste_Trump "Namaste Trump") |
| Events | |
| | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") | [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") 2017 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2017_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2017 Q4)") 2018 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2018_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2018 Q4)") 2019 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2019_Q4\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2019 Q4)") 2020 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q1\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q2\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q3\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\) "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)") [January 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_first_Trump_presidency_\(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021\)#January_2021 "Timeline of the first Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)") |
| Speeches | [Congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress") (2017) [Warsaw speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw "2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw") (2017) [National Scout Jamboree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree "2017 National Scout Jamboree") (2017) [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union "State of the Union") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address "2018 State of the Union Address") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address "2019 State of the Union Address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address "2020 State of the Union Address") Oval Office Address [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address "2019 Oval Office address") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address "2020 Oval Office address") [Farewell address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address "Donald Trump's first farewell address") (2021) |
| Other | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [2017 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2017 United States Electoral College vote count") [Inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") [2021 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2021 United States Electoral College vote count") |
| [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") | |
| | |
| [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") | Government shutdowns [January 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "January 2018 United States federal government shutdown") [2018–2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown") Salute to America [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Salute_to_America "2019 Salute to America") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Salute_to_America "2020 Salute to America") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak]() [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_interference_with_science_agencies_by_the_first_Trump_administration "Political interference with science agencies by the first Trump administration") [Reactions to the George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests "Reactions to the George Floyd protests") [Photo op at St. John's Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church "Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church") [Deployment of federal forces in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States") [Attacks on journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2016%E2%80%93present:_Trump_era "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States") [2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration "Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration") [National Garden of American Heroes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes "National Garden of American Heroes") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [First Step Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Step_Act "First Step Act") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [Space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") | [Tax cuts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act") [Tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "China–United States trade war") [USMCA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement "United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement") [Farmer bailouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts "Trump administration farmer bailouts") |
| [Environmental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") | [Paris Agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Paris_Agreement "United States and the Paris Agreement") [America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018 "America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018") |
| [Foreign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") | [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First "America First") [Saudi Arabia arms deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal "2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal") [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_first_Trump_administration "Iran–United States relations during the first Trump administration") [Nuclear deal withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action "United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action") [Relations with Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#First_Trump_administration_\(2017%E2%80%932021\) "Israel–United States relations") [Jerusalem recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel "United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel") [Golan Heights recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel "United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel") [Palestine peace plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_peace_plan "2020 Israel–Palestine peace plan") [Abraham Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords "Abraham Accords") [UAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement "Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement "Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement "Israel–Sudan normalization agreement") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement "Israel–Morocco normalization agreement") [Kosovo–Serbia agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements "Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements") [Syria strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike "2017 Shayrat missile strike") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria "April 2018 missile strikes against Syria") Killings [al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi") [Soleimani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani "Assassination of Qasem Soleimani") [Afghanistan withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan "2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan") [Taliban deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Taliban_deal "United States–Taliban deal") [Proposed invasion of Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela "Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela") |
| [Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") | [Travel bans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_bans_under_the_Trump_administrations "Travel bans under the Trump administrations") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769 "Reactions to Executive Order 13769") [legal challenges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban "Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [replacement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13780 "Executive Order 13780") [Executive Order 13767](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13767 "Executive Order 13767") [Border wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall "Mexico–United States border wall") [Family separation policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Trump administration family separation policy") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Migrant detentions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_detentions_under_the_first_Trump_administration "Migrant detentions under the first Trump administration") [Troop deployments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot "Operation Faithful Patriot") [National emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States "National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") | [2017 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March "2017 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2017 Women's March locations") [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Lincoln_Nebraska_Women%27s_March "2017 Lincoln Nebraska Women's March") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Portland "Women's March on Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Seattle "Women's March on Seattle") [global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_Women%27s_March_locations_outside_the_United_States "List of 2017 Women's March locations outside the United States") [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_protests_against_Donald_Trump "LGBTQ protests against Donald Trump") [Travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "Protests against Executive Order 13769") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protests_against_Executive_Order_13769 "List of protests against Executive Order 13769") [Day Without Immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_\(2017\) "Day Without Immigrants (2017)") [Not My Presidents Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_My_Presidents_Day "Not My Presidents Day") [Day Without a Woman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_a_Woman "Day Without a Woman") [March for Science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science "March for Science") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2017_March_for_Science_locations "List of 2017 March for Science locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Portland "March for Science Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_Seattle "March for Science Seattle") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Science_2018 "March for Science 2018") [People's Climate March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_People%27s_Climate_March "2017 People's Climate March") [May Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_May_Day_protests "2017 May Day protests") [March for Truth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Truth "March for Truth") [Impeachment March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_March "Impeachment March") [Boston Free Speech Rally (counter-protest)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Free_Speech_Rally "Boston Free Speech Rally") [U.S. national anthem kneeling protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests "U.S. national anthem kneeling protests") [2018 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Women%27s_March "2018 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2018_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2018 Women's March locations") [Gun violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_gun_violence_protests "2018 United States gun violence protests") [March for Our Lives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives "March for Our Lives") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_March_for_Our_Lives_locations "List of March for Our Lives locations") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Portland "March for Our Lives Portland") [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_for_Our_Lives_Seattle "March for Our Lives Seattle") [Family separation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Trump_administration_family_separation_policy "Protests against the Trump administration family separation policy") [Abolish ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolish_ICE "Abolish ICE") [Families Belong Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Families_Belong_Together "Families Belong Together") [Occupy ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_ICE "Occupy ICE") [Women Disobey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_Disobey "Women Disobey") [Donald Trump baby balloon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_baby_balloon "Donald Trump baby balloon") [Kremlin Annex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin_Annex "Kremlin Annex") [Nobody Is Above the Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody_Is_Above_the_Law "Nobody Is Above the Law") [2019 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Women%27s_March "2019 Women's March") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2019_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2019 Women's March locations") [2019 Presidents Day protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Presidents_Day_protest "2019 Presidents Day protest") [*Dump Trump* (statue)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dump_Trump_\(statue\) "Dump Trump (statue)") [December 2019 impeachment protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2019_impeachment_protests_in_the_United_States "December 2019 impeachment protests in the United States") [2020 Women's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Women%27s_March "2020 Women's March") [January list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations "List of 2020 Women's March locations") [October list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2020_Women%27s_March_locations_\(October\) "List of 2020 Women's March locations (October)") [Racial unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_racial_unrest_\(2020%E2%80%932023\) "United States racial unrest (2020–2023)") [George Floyd protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Floyd_protests "George Floyd protests") [list-USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests in the United States") [list-abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States "List of George Floyd protests outside the United States") [Trump Statue Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Statue_Initiative "Trump Statue Initiative") *[God Emperor Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Emperor_Trump "God Emperor Trump")* |
| Related | [2016 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Democratic backsliding in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [False or misleading statements by Trump during first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Classified information disclosures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information "Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information") Special counsel investigations [Mueller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation "Mueller special counsel investigation") [Durham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation "Durham special counsel investigation") [Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Russian bounty program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_bounty_program "Russian bounty program") [Anonymous senior official op-ed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration "I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal") [Zelenskyy phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_phone_call "2019 Trump–Zelenskyy phone call") [Ukraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "2019 Trump–Ukraine scandal") [Federal government data breach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach "2020 United States federal government data breach") [Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [Fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesebro_memos "Chesebro memos") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [January 6 United States Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [continued protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests "2021 United States inauguration week protests") [domestic reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [international reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Presidential Library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Category:First presidency of Donald Trump")** | |
[Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"):
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19")
-  [Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicine "Portal:Medicine")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics "Portal:Politics")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png) [Viruses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Viruses "Portal:Viruses")
-  [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States "Portal:United States")
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&oldid=1341604619>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [2020 in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020_in_Washington,_D.C. "Category:2020 in Washington, D.C.")
- [September 2020 in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:September_2020_in_the_United_States "Category:September 2020 in the United States")
- [October 2020 in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:October_2020_in_the_United_States "Category:October 2020 in the United States")
- [COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.")
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White House COVID-19 outbreak
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| Readable Markdown | | White House COVID-19 outbreak | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_\(50397097478\).jpg)President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") speaking during the event held to announce [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett")'s nomination to the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States") in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") | |
| Disease | [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") |
| Virus strain | [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") |
| Location | [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House"), [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), United States |
| First reported | October 1, 2020 |
| [Index case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_case "Index case") | September 30, 2020 |
| Arrival date | September 26, 2020; 5 years ago |
| Confirmed cases | **Total:** At least 53, including President Trump[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-1) **Pre-nomination:** At least six as of October 14[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) **Nomination:** At least 25 as of October 14[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2) **Pence staff:** At least 5 as of November 11[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) **Election Day:** At least 20 as of November 11[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) |
| Hospitalized cases | At least one, by October 15[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-4) |
The **White House COVID-19 outbreak** was a cluster of [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") infections that began in September 2020 and ended in January 2021 that spread among people, including many [U.S. government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States "Federal government of the United States") officials, who were in close contact during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") in Washington, D.C. Numerous high-profile individuals were infected, including President [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), who was hospitalized for three days.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5) At least 48 [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") staff members or associates, closely working with White House personnel, tested positive for the virus.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-pence-aides-6) The White House resisted efforts to engage in [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing"), leaving it unclear how many people were infected in total and what the origins of the spread were.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-7)
Many of the infections appeared to be related to a ceremony held on September 26 in the [Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") for [the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination"), where seating was not [socially distanced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing#COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing") and participants were mostly unmasked. His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8)
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until one year later, in October 2021.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8) Trump himself may have been infectious at that point, but he and his entourage attended several subsequent events unmasked, including [the first presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#September_29_presidential_debate_\(Case_Western_Reserve_University\) "2020 United States presidential debates") against [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in [Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland "Cleveland"), Ohio on September 29.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-9) The next day, Presidential Counselor [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") was placed in quarantine aboard [Air Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One "Air Force One") while returning with Trump from a campaign event in [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota"). Following that, the president proceeded on schedule to an October 1 [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey "New Jersey") fundraiser where he mingled, unmasked, with donors.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-10) More infections were reported in late October among Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence")'s staff,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-11) and a second large outbreak occurred after [Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_\(United_States\) "Election Day (United States)"), after Trump held a watch party in the [East Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Room "East Room").[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12)
Other infections included First Lady [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump"); [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Senators [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis"), [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee"), and [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"); Republican Representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz"); [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") manager [Bill Stepien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stepien "Bill Stepien"); [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Chair [Ronna McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel"); former White House counselor [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway"); former New Jersey Governor [Chris Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie "Chris Christie"); [Notre Dame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame "University of Notre Dame") president [John I. Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Jenkins "John I. Jenkins"); Press Secretary [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"); presidential advisor [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)"); Chief of Staff [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows_\(North_Carolina_politician\) "Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)"); and Housing and Urban Development Secretary [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"). As of November 11, at least 48 people had tested positive.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-nyttrack2-3) At least one person, White House security office head Crede Bailey, was reported as "gravely ill,"[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-credeill-13) having fallen sick in September prior to the Rose Garden event.
The Rose Garden cluster emerged in the final weeks of [Trump's campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") for the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), a little more than a month before the last day of voting, November 3\. Commentators were critical of the White House for providing conflicting information about Trump's condition and the timeline of his infection, as well as delaying the disclosure of the initial diagnoses of White House staffers.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-disclose_alarming-14) According to [public health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health "Public health") experts such as [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci"), the director of the [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases") and a member of the [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force"), the outbreak could have been prevented.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-fauci-preventable-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ranney-preventable-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-pryde-preventable-17)
## Timeline of viral transmission
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Timeline of viral transmission")\]
Press Briefing by White House COVID-19 Response Team and Public Health Officials, 2021-05-18
Throughout the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") and [William Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") discouraged officials and staff from wearing [masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States"). Those in the [West Wing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing "West Wing") who did use them often faced ridicule from others.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-18) In April, the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") became one of the first locations to gain access to rapid-turnaround [COVID-19 tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-19) The White House relied upon rapid-tests which lacked [FDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration")\-approval for use in [asymptomatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymptomatic "Asymptomatic") individuals.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-20)
Throughout the spring, there had been sporadic cases of [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019") reported at the White House. On March 20, it was announced that a staffer for Vice President [Mike Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") had tested positive and was experiencing very mild symptoms, though neither Trump nor Pence had been in close contact with the staffer.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-21) On May 7, an unnamed personal valet to the president tested positive, and the following day, Pence spokesperson [Katie Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katie_Miller "Katie Miller") tested positive for COVID-19. Miller's positive test result caused several other Pence staffers who were in close contact with her to be removed from [Air Force Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_Two "Air Force Two") before Pence's trip to [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa "Iowa"), but neither Trump nor Pence had been in recent close contact with Miller.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-22)
In June, the White House scaled back the screening regime, but still required screening and testing for anyone coming into contact with the president or vice president.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-23)
### Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Campaign events, Crede Bailey diagnosed")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Herman_Cain_by_Gage_Skidmore_4.jpg)
[Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain") died from COVID-19 on July 30, 2020.
A Stanford preprint study concluded that likely over 30,000 cases and 700 deaths could be attributed to [Trump rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)") held between June 20 and September 22.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-25) On June 20, Trump held a [campaign rally in Tulsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally"), the first since the start of the pandemic.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-26) Attendees who tested positive include two [Secret Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service "United States Secret Service") agents, two staffers, the girlfriend of the President's eldest son, [Kimberly Guilfoyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly_Guilfoyle "Kimberly Guilfoyle") and politician [Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-28)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-29)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BBC_News_2020-10-27-31) Cain died from the disease on July 30.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-32) Tulsa experienced a significant increase in cases after the rally.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-33)
From August 17–20, Trump held rallies at [Mankato, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mankato,_Minnesota "Mankato, Minnesota") and [Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lackawanna_County,_Pennsylvania "Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania"). About 500 attended Mankato, and masks and social distancing were not used.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-34) Several hundred attended the event in Lackawanna, masks were mostly used but social distancing was not.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-35) Both communities experienced surges of COVID-19 in the wake of the rallies.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
Over Labor Day Weekend (Sept 5–7), Crede Bailey, the head of the White House security office, became sick with COVID-19. He was hospitalized sometime in September, becoming gravely ill. The White House kept his condition secret and declined to comment when his condition was reported in the news on October 7.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37)
On September 13, Trump held a 5,000 person rally in [Henderson, Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada "Henderson, Nevada"), violating of the state's ban on gatherings larger than 50 people and resulting in a fine.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38) One case was later traced to "a political rally".[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38)
On September 16, it was reported that at least one unnamed staffer had tested positive.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-goodday-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-40) After Trump's hospitalization, it was revealed that two members of the residence staff had tested positive that week.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41) On September 17, Trump held a rally at an airport in [Mosinee, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosinee,_Wisconsin "Mosinee, Wisconsin"); Thousands attended, few masks were worn and social distancing was not observed.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-43) The county experienced a surge in COVID-19.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
Trump held a rally in [Bemidji, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bemidji,_Minnesota "Bemidji, Minnesota") on September 18. Thousands attended in violation of the [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota "Minnesota") ban on gatherings of more than 250, few attendees wore face masks, and there was no social distancing.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38) 16 cases were linked to the rally, including two who were hospitalized.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-44)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-45)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-46)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36) The county saw a spike of COVID-19 after the rally.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36) On September 24, Mike Pence and [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") held an event at a [Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis "Minneapolis") hotel. Three attendees would later test positive.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto6-47)
### Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Trump campaign fundraiser, September 25")\]
Trump met [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") chairwoman [Ronna McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel"), McEnany, and others at a September 25 fundraiser at the [Trump International Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_\(Washington_D.C.\) "Trump International Hotel (Washington D.C.)").[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-48)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Invincibility_punctured_by_infection-50) On October 1, McDaniel appeared on [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") and made no mention of her health,[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-51) despite receiving confirmation of her positive test result on the afternoon of September 30.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Independent_1010-10-02-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-53) Two days later, an RNC spokesperson announced that McDaniel had tested positive.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-54)
### Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Amy Coney Barrett nomination events, September 26")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Nominates_Judge_Amy_Coney_Barrett_for_Associate_Justice_of_the_U.S._Supreme_Court_\(50397745836\).jpg)
President Trump announcing his Supreme Court nomination in the Rose Garden
On September 26, 2020, an event was held in the [White House Rose Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Rose_Garden "White House Rose Garden") announcing [Amy Coney Barrett's nomination to the Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") following the [death of Ruth Bader Ginsburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg "Death and funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg").[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-kim26-55) More than 150 people attended; they were told they did not need to wear masks if they had tested negative that day. Chairs for the outdoor ceremony were placed side by side, and there were two crowded indoor receptions.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Invincibility_punctured_by_infection-50)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-56) At least seven attendees tested positive for [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") in the following week, including[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-after_rose_garden-57) President [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), First Lady [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump"), Senators [Mike Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Lee "Mike Lee") and [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis"), [University of Notre Dame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_at_the_University_of_Notre_Dame "COVID-19 at the University of Notre Dame") president [John I. Jenkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Jenkins "John I. Jenkins"), former Counselor to the President [Kellyanne Conway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellyanne_Conway "Kellyanne Conway"), and former New Jersey Governor [Chris Christie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie "Chris Christie").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-latest-59) Barrett had suffered infection in the summer before recovering and testing negative.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-60)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-61) [Michael D. Shear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_D._Shear "Michael D. Shear"), a White House correspondent for *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*, first tested positive for the virus October 2, as did many others. He was not present at the Rose Garden event, but had visited the White House on September 27 for a COVID-19 test, required before traveling with the President to a rally in [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania "Pennsylvania").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Shear-62)
President Trump announces nominee for Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
Kellyanne Conway's daughter Claudia revealed on social media on the evening of October 2 that her mother had tested positive for COVID-19.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-63) The same day, Senators Lee and Tillis were revealed to have tested positive.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-64)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-ronna-49)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Independent_1010-10-02-52) Christie confirmed on October 3 that he had tested positive for COVID-19. Christie had been present at debate preparation for Trump as well as the nomination ceremony for Barrett.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-66) Later that day, Christie announced he was hospitalized after his condition worsened; Christie received an experimental antibody cocktail from [Eli Lilly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company "Eli Lilly and Company") as well as [remdesivir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remdesivir "Remdesivir").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-68) Lee was filmed hugging other attendees while not wearing a mask.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58) Five of the infected were seated in the front three rows at the event, in close contact with [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") senior officials.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-politico-oct2nd-69) Christie was released from the [Morristown Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morristown_Medical_Center "Morristown Medical Center") in New Jersey on October 10.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-70) Jenkins later issued a statement saying: "I regret my error of judgment in not wearing a mask during the ceremony and by shaking hands with a number of people in the Rose Garden."[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-inde-58)
Infectious disease physician [Robert L. Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L._Murphy "Robert L. Murphy") said that if the infections are traced to the Rose Garden ceremony, they may have been started by a [superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreader "Superspreader") (a highly contagious person), and that they could have been avoided if face masks were worn and social distancing was practiced. He said, "Whoever got this thing going is a superspreader".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-71) The outdoor portion of the event was less likely to be a super-spreader event than the indoor portion.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-72) At least 10 members of the Notre Dame faculty besides Jenkins attended the event, but as of October 7, none had tested positive.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-73) On November 10, it was announced that one attendee, [Harry R. Jackson Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_R._Jackson_Jr. "Harry R. Jackson Jr."), had died; no cause of death was given.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto1-74)
The White House did not do [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing") to minimize the spread of the outbreak, limiting any effort to notify those who have been exposed to Trump.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto5-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-76) The [Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention") made several offers to assist the White House with contact tracing, but they were repeatedly declined.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-77)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto5-75) On October 6, the White House announced that it had completed contact tracing, but several reporters who had tested positive for the virus said the White House had not reached out to them.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-78)
### Trump tests positive, September 26
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Trump tests positive, September 26")\]
Hours after the ceremony, Trump tested positive for COVID-19, although the public would not learn of this result until late 2021.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8) His chief of staff recalled that Trump looked "a little tired" and was suspected of having a "slight cold".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian1dec21-8)
Despite testing positive, Trump traveled in Air Force One to a rally at the [Harrisburg International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrisburg_International_Airport "Harrisburg International Airport") in Pennsylvania, which was attended by thousands.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-79) The governor opposed the rally, arguing: "It is gravely concerning that the president would insist on holding this event with blatant disregard for social distancing and masking requirements. His decision to bring thousands of people together in a tight space in the midst of a global pandemic caused by an airborne virus is flat out wrong."[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-80) After Trump's diagnosis was made public, Pennsylvania health officials advised attendees to participate in the state's contact tracing program.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-81) In the wake of the rally, the county saw a surge in COVID-19.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
### Gold Star families reception, September 27
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Gold Star families reception, September 27")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_Reception_to_Honor_Gold_Star_Families_\(50397262138\).jpg)
President Trump addresses an unmasked crowd at a White House reception for Gold Star families on Sept. 27.
Trump hosted [Gold Star families](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Star_family "Gold Star family") and [Pentagon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon "The Pentagon") leaders in the East Room of the White House. Attendees were photographed seated in close proximity and not wearing masks. Defense Secretary [Mark Esper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper "Mark Esper") and General [Mark Milley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Milley "Mark Milley"), Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, attended the event.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-82)
Admiral [Charles Ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ray_\(admiral\) "Charles Ray (admiral)"), vice commandant of the Coast Guard, attended the event, later tested positive and entered [isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_\(health_care\) "Isolation (health care)") on Oct 6. On October 2, Ray attended meetings at the Pentagon with members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. On Oct 6 all but one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff – [Gen. David H. Berger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Berger "David H. Berger"), Commandant of the Marine Corps – went into isolation, including Milley, Vice chairman [John E. Hyten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Hyten "John E. Hyten"), Chief of Naval Operations [Michael M. Gilday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_M._Gilday "Michael M. Gilday"), Chief of Staff of the Army [James C. McConville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._McConville "James C. McConville"), Air Force Chief of Staff [Charles Q. Brown Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Q._Brown_Jr. "Charles Q. Brown Jr."), Chief of Space Operations [John W. Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Raymond "John W. Raymond"), Chief the National Guard Bureau [Daniel Hokanson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_R._Hokanson "Daniel R. Hokanson"), and Commander of U.S. Cyber Command [Paul Nakasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nakasone "Paul Nakasone").[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-84)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-85) Of those quarantined, General Nakasone is a [combatant commander](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_combatant_command "Unified combatant command"), part of the direct chain of command from the president to the military, and also the Director of the [National Security Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency "National Security Agency").[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-86) General [Gary L. Thomas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_L._Thomas_\(general\) "Gary L. Thomas (general)"), assistant commandant of the Marine Corps, stood in for Gen. Berger at the meeting and later tested positive with symptoms.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-87)
### First presidential debate, September 26–29
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: First presidential debate, September 26–29")\]
Multiple White House personnel attended the [September 29 debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#September_29_presidential_debate_\(Case_Western_Reserve_University\) "2020 United States presidential debates") at the [Cleveland Clinic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Clinic "Cleveland Clinic").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-88) Trump, Melania, and senior advisor [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") attended the debate and later tested positive.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-89) Senior advisor [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") was also on Air Force One for the trip[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-90) and later tested positive.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91) Also in attendance were Ivanka Trump and her siblings, Donald Jr., Eric, Lara and Tiffany Trump.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-92)
Trump prepared for the debate between September 26 and September 29 in the [Map Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_Room_\(White_House\) "Map Room (White House)") of the White House.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-93) His debate preparation team included Chris Christie, Hope Hicks, Kellyanne Conway, [Rudy Giuliani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani "Rudy Giuliani"), [Jason Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Miller_\(communications_strategist\) "Jason Miller (communications strategist)"), [Mark Meadows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Meadows_\(North_Carolina_politician\) "Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)"), [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner"), [Kayleigh McEnany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayleigh_McEnany "Kayleigh McEnany"), [Alyssa Farah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyssa_Farah "Alyssa Farah"),[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94) and Stephen Miller.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-95) Christie stated that no masks were worn.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-96) Five of the 10 debate prep team members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within a week after the debate. The [City of Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland "Cleveland") said that at least 11 people who "were either members of the media or were scheduled to work logistics/set-up the days prior to the event" later tested positive.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WKYC-97) A year later, Christie—who had spent four days in the room with Trump, roleplaying Joe Biden—recalled that there had been seven people in the debate preparation room, and "six of the seven of us in that room got \[COVID-19\]." Those six included Trump, Christie, Hicks, Stepien, Conway, and Miller. Christie, who eventually required intensive care for his COVID-19, said "I think it's undeniable" that Trump was the source of the infection, given that Trump was "the only person \[about whom\] I didn't know his testing regimen." Christie complained that neither Trump nor White House chief of staff Mark Meadows had revealed the president's positive test result before or during the debate preparations.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-98)
Prior to the debate, both the [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden_2020_presidential_campaign "Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign") and [Trump campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") agreed with the [Commission on Presidential Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Presidential_Debates "Commission on Presidential Debates") that all attendees would be masked, with the exception of the two presidential candidates and debate moderator [Chris Wallace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wallace "Chris Wallace").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-99) Masking was enforced at the door, but several of Trump's guests in the audience, including his wife Melania, his family members, and senior staff, removed their masks after entering [the hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Education_Campus "Health Education Campus"). When Trump's guests were personally offered masks by Cleveland Clinic staff, they declined.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-100)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-timeline-101)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-102)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-103)
All attendees were supposed to be tested for [coronavirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019") before admission. After the outbreak was public, Wallace revealed that Trump and his personnel arrived too late to be tested, and were instead admitted to the debate hall under "an [honor system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_system "Honor system")".[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-104) In the coming days, the White House repeatedly declined to say when Trump last tested negative, raising speculation that he may have gone untested or even tested positive prior to the debate.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-why_it_matters-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-106) On October 6, the New York Times broke news that, despite public impressions to the contrary, Donald Trump was not actually being tested daily.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jolt-107) The timeline raised the possibility that Trump "might have tested positive before the Sept. 29 debate, failed to disclose it and showed up at the debate anyway."[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-108)
### Hope Hicks diagnosed
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Hope Hicks diagnosed")\]
On Wednesday, Trump went to suburban Minneapolis for a private fundraiser at the home of Marty Davis, CEO of kitchen counter-top manufacturer [Cambria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_\(company\) "Cambria (company)").[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-minnquaratine-109) Thirteen members of the catering staff were quarantined after their exposure.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-minnquaratine-109) That fundraiser was followed by a rally in [Duluth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota "Duluth, Minnesota").[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-110) Hope Hicks, one of his closest advisors, accompanied Trump aboard Air Force One. The rally ended around 10 p.m. EDT.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-111) The [Minnesota Department of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Department_of_Health "Minnesota Department of Health") later traced four cases to the Duluth rally.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto6-47)
During the Minnesota rally, Hicks stayed aboard the plane because she was not feeling well, and she quarantined herself at the back of the plane for the flight home.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bubble-112) A test confirmed her diagnosis as COVID-positive.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-113)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114) Aides sensed that Trump was not feeling well during the Wednesday trip.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-White_House_wanted_to_keep-115)
The White House initially sought to keep Hicks' diagnosis secret, and as of the morning of Thursday, October 1, only a very small group of senior White House officials knew of Hicks' diagnosis. No mention of her diagnosis was made in press secretary Kayleigh McEnany's news briefing that day.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-White_House_wanted_to_keep-115) McEnany later tested positive.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-05-116) After learning of Hicks's positive test, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") reporter [Kaitlan Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaitlan_Collins "Kaitlan Collins") said, "Why did the press secretary still hold a briefing despite knowing she had come into contact with somebody who had just tested positive for coronavirus? She didn't even tell us. Didn't even tell reporters who were on the plane. Didn't disclose any of that."[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-feldman-117) McEnany later said she did not learn about Hicks until later that day.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bubble-112)
Hicks' diagnosis was first reported by [Jennifer Jacobs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Jacobs "Jennifer Jacobs") and Jordan Fabian of [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News") at 8:07 p.m. on October 1\.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-119)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-120)
### Bedminster fundraiser, October 1
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Bedminster fundraiser, October 1")\]
At least five of Trump's closest associates cancelled their scheduled travel to a fundraiser at [Bedminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster"): daughter Ivanka Trump, son-in-law Jared Kushner, [body man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_man "Body man") Nick Luna, Trump's deputy chief of staff for communications [Dan Scavino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Scavino "Dan Scavino"), and press secretary Kayleigh McEnany.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) Despite his exposure, Trump proceeded with the event, flying aboard Air Force One.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-122)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) The event had an indoor roundtable, an indoor VIP reception, and an outdoor reception.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-123) Trump spoke without a mask to over 200 supporters, most of whom also did not wear a mask.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-124)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-125) Attendees noted that Trump seemed "lethargic" and "not himself".[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CNN_2020-10-02-114)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-126) He showed symptoms of a mild cough, some [nasal congestion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_congestion "Nasal congestion"), and [fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatigue "Fatigue").[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-further-127) Jayna McCarron, [Coast Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard "United States Coast Guard") aide to President Trump, was assigned to accompany Trump to the Bedminster fundraiser. She later tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-security_detail-128)
### Trump announces positive test result
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Trump announces positive test result")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Boards_Marine_One_\(50437670702\).jpg)
President Trump departs the White House for COVID-19 treatment on October 2, 2020.
After returning from Bedminster, Trump received a positive test result[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-For_some_high-dollar_Trump_donors,-121) on a rapid test and was waiting to get results of a [PCR test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction "Polymerase chain reaction") when he did a live phone interview on *[Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannity "Hannity")*.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-129) [Sean Hannity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Hannity "Sean Hannity") of [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") brought up Bloomberg's report about Hicks and asked for an update, whereupon Trump publicly mentioned Hicks' diagnosis for the first time, saying, "I just heard about this. She tested positive."[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-130)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-131) Trump stated, "It is very, very hard when you are with people from the [military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces "United States Armed Forces"), or from [law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States "Law enforcement in the United States"), and they come over to you, and they want to hug you, and they want to kiss you because we really have done a good job for them."[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-132)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-133) Without disclosing that he had already tested positive, he announced that he and the first lady were being tested for SARS-CoV-2.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ap-timeline-101)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118) He repeated this via Twitter after the interview. Later that night, the result of the PCR test also came in positive.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134) Trump was hospitalized the next day, October 2.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-135)
On October 2, it was announced that Trump 2020 campaign manager [Bill Stepien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Stepien "Bill Stepien") tested positive,[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Stepien-136) as did [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin "Wisconsin") U.S. Senator [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"), who had been exposed to someone who tested positive when he returned to Washington D.C. on September 29.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-137) When he announced his test on October 3, Johnson said he had been with Trump over the last several weeks.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-138) Three White House [press room journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_press_corps "White House press corps"), including Michael D. Shear, also tested positive on October 2, as did a White House staffer who works with the press.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-three_journalists-139) On October 9, Representative [Mike Bost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Bost "Mike Bost") was announced to have tested positive and developed symptoms after interacting with Sen. Mike Lee.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GOP_Rep._Mike_Bost_tests_positive-140)
Trump's personal attendant Nick Luna's positive test results were announced on October 3\. Luna had been at the debate and on the flight to Minnesota.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_aide_Nick_Luna_tests_positive-141) Claudia Conway, the daughter of Kellyanne Conway, announced on October 4 that she had tested positive as well.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-NY_Daily_News_2020-10-04-142) Also on October 4, Attorney General [Barr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Barr "William Barr") reversed his previous stance and announced he would be entering quarantine.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-rWCRc-143) On October 5, White House Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany announced she had also tested positive.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-144) Two other White House press room staffers, Chad Gilmartin and [Karoline Leavitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karoline_Leavitt "Karoline Leavitt"), were also reported to have tested positive on October 5\.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-145) On October 6, new announced infections included: assistant press secretary Jalen Drummond, presidential military aide Jayna McCarron, and an unidentified military aide.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-security_detail-128)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-factbox-146)
On October 7, 2020, Bloomberg News cited four people who reported that head of the White House Security Officer Crede Bailey was "gravely ill" with COVID-19 and had been in hospital since September.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37) Bailey had been ill even before the September 26 Rose Garden event.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacobsbailey-37)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-credeill-13)
## Presidential hospitalization and early release
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Presidential hospitalization and early release")\]
### Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Airlift to Walter Reed and experimental treatments, October 2")\]
At 12:54 a.m. [EDT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time "Eastern Daylight Time") on October 2, Trump announced via Twitter that both he and the first lady had tested positive for the [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2 "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2") virus that night.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-149) The afternoon of the same day, the White House announced that Trump would be hospitalized at [Walter Reed National Military Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center "Walter Reed National Military Medical Center") in [Bethesda, Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland "Bethesda, Maryland") "for the next few days" "out of an abundance of caution", on the recommendation of the medical team headed by [Sean Conley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Conley "Sean Conley"), a [Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine") who had been the [Physician to the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician_to_the_President "Physician to the President") since 2018. Because he was a [Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy "United States Navy") commander, Conley was obliged to follow the orders of his commander-in-chief.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-weeks_ago-41) Trump, who was wearing a mask, was briefly filmed walking unassisted from the White House to the [Marine One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_One "Marine One") helicopter outside to transport him to Walter Reed.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_taken_to_Walter_Reed-135) According to White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows, Trump was hospitalized because he "had a fever and his [blood oxygen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_oxygen_capacity "Blood oxygen capacity") level had dropped rapidly".[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-150) The [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reported that "a person familiar with Trump's condition confirmed that Trump was given [oxygen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen "Oxygen") at the White House" in the morning before arriving at Walter Reed, although Trump's doctors refused to say whether he had ever been given supplemental oxygen.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-critical-151)
Trump had Walter Reed personnel sign [non-disclosure agreements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement "Non-disclosure agreement") in 2019 before they could be involved in treating him. Two doctors refused to sign the NDAs and were not allowed to have any involvement in his care. Medical personnel are already prohibited by the [Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") (HIPAA) from releasing personal health information without consent. Medical ethics professor [Arthur Caplan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Caplan "Arthur Caplan") called the NDAs redundant.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-152)
On Friday afternoon, physicians revealed Trump had been given an experimental course of [monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies "Monoclonal antibodies") from drug maker [Regeneron Pharmaceuticals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals"),[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-antibody_treatment-153) which further confirmed that Trump had received an "8 gram dose of [REGN-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REGN-COV2 "REGN-COV2")".[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-154) The drug was immediately provided in response to a "[compassionate use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassionate_use "Compassionate use")" request from the medical team.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-antibody_treatment-153) That night, Trump received his first infusion of remdesivir, an antiviral drug that disrupts virus replication. Remdesivir has not been approved by the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration"), but has been used as an emergency treatment for hospitalized COVID-19 patients.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-155) The extremely aggressive combination was described as "uncharted territory"; Trump is believed to be the first individual to ever undergo both treatments simultaneously.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-156)
### Steroid treatment, October 3
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Steroid treatment, October 3")\]
Dr. Sean Conley, Physician to the President, provides an update.
At an 11 a.m. press conference on October 3, Conley stated that Trump was not currently on oxygen, that he had not had a fever for the past 24 hours, and that he was "doing very well".[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-159) Conley described Trump as being "just 72 hours into the diagnosis now", raising questions among journalists about when the diagnosis had actually been made, since it had been publicly announced only 36 hours previously. A 72-hour timeline would suggest that Trump actually knew he had the infection on September 30, but proceeded with his plans for a public rally that evening and a fundraiser on October 1.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-160) Conley later clarified that he had meant "day three" instead of "72 hours", referring to the then-current time of Saturday morning compared to the diagnosis time of Thursday night (about 36 hours). Doctors also revealed that he had exhibited symptoms on October 1, including a "mild cough, and some nasal congestion and fatigue".[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-further-127) When Conley was asked if Trump was on [steroids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid "Steroid"), Conley ended the briefing.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-161)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-162)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Works_at_Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center_\(50423775191\).jpg)
Trump in the Walter Reed conference room, October 3[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-staged_photo-163)
Minutes after the press conference, an anonymous source – later identified as Meadows[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-furious-164) – contradicted the assessment from the doctors, saying "The president's vitals over the last 24 hours were very concerning and the next 48 hours will be critical in terms of his care", adding "We're still not on a clear path yet to a full recovery."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-critical-151)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-165) Shortly thereafter, Meadows stated [on the record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_\(journalism\) "Source (journalism)") the president was "doing very well".[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-166) That night, Conley warned that Trump was "not yet out of the woods" with regard to his condition.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-167) The White House released two photos which showed Trump working at the hospital, according to their captions. White House reporter [Andrew Feinberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Feinberg "Andrew Feinberg") noted that in one of the photos the president was signing documents that appeared to be blank.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-staged_photo-163)
### Motorcade excursion, October 4
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Motorcade excursion, October 4")\]
Press update on President Trump, October 4
In an October 4 press conference, Trump's medical team said that he was "doing really well" after his oxygen level dipped the day before and after he was given the steroid [dexamethasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone "Dexamethasone"), which works by reducing inflammation in the lungs.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-168) Asked if CT scans showed [pneumonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia "Pneumonia") or lung damage, Conley said, "There's some expected findings, but nothing of any major clinical concern." He declined to say what was found.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) When asked why he was reluctant to disclose that Trump had been given oxygen during the October 3 briefing, Conley stated that he did not want to "give any information that might steer the course of illness in another direction" and "it came off that we're trying to hide something, which wasn't necessarily true."[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-170) White House Director of Strategic Communications Alyssa Farah later stated that it was "a common medical practice that you want to convey confidence, and you want to raise the spirits of the person you're treating," while also asserting that Meadows' anonymous statement to reporters was intended to "give you guys more information just to try to be as transparent as we can," effectively conceding Conley was addressing the president on television, rather than the public.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-171)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-disclose_alarming-14) The president was reported to be angry about Meadows' off-the-record assessment.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-furious-164)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Greets_Supporters_\(50423102728\).jpg)
Trump greets supporters from inside an SUV on October 4.
Later in the day, Trump briefly departed the hospital to ride past a gathering of supporters at the medical center, waving from the back seat of an [SUV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_utility_vehicle "Sport utility vehicle"), before returning.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172) Medical experts stated that the short outing endangered the Secret Service agents accompanying Trump inside the vehicle due to his infection.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Kanno-173)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-174) James Phillips, doctor of emergency medicine at [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University") and an attending physician at Walter Reed, sharply criticized the drive-by as "insanity" for "political theater" and wrote that Trump had endangered the Secret Service agents in the presidential SUV by potentially exposing them to COVID-19.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-175)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-176)
Within the Secret Service, some agents expressed outrage or frustration with Trump's behavior.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Kanno-173)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-USSSCare-177)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-178) One anonymous agent told journalists, "He's not even pretending to care now."[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-USSSCare-177) [Joseph Petro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Petro "Joseph Petro"), a former veteran Secret Service agent and senior official, wrote in a *Washington Post* op-ed that Trump's behavior was part of a longstanding pattern of endangering others; he also criticized Secret Service management for an "inexcusable lack of concern" for the health of agents and their families.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-179)
### Return to White House, October 5
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Return to White House, October 5")\]
Press update on President Trump, October 5
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_Returns_to_the_White_House_\(50437509906\).jpg)
Trump discharged on October 5, 2020, from Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
At 2:37 p.m. EDT on October 5, Trump tweeted that he would be discharged from the hospital at 6:30 p.m. that day.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-180) However, doctors said in an afternoon news briefing that Trump continued to be treated with dexamethasone and remdesivir.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_returns_to_White_House-181) The prospect of Trump's early release astonished [infectious disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease_\(medical_specialty\) "Infectious disease (medical specialty)") experts, who noted that Trump planned to be discharged in a period when COVID-19 patients are particularly vulnerable (7–10 days after symptoms first appear) to unpredictable and rapid declines in condition.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Outside physicians stated that the depiction of Trump's illness as relatively mild was inconsistent with the [aggressive treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_COVID-19 "Management of COVID-19") he was receiving.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Trump's medical team made cryptic remarks about his status and declined to say whether Trump's CT scans contained indications of pneumonia or lung damage.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ChaGoldstein-169) Trump made phone calls in which he shared the idea of him leaving the hospital feigning frailty, but would then rip open his dress shirt to reveal a [Superman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman "Superman") T-shirt underneath, as reported by *The New York Times*.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-182)
After reportedly pressuring his doctors to release him,[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) he was discharged and arrived at the White House shortly before 7:00 p.m. He stood for a [photo op](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_op "Photo op") at the South Portico balcony, where he removed his mask despite being potentially contagious.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-184)[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-185) Having climbed two flights of stairs to the balcony, Trump appeared to breathe heavily as he steadied himself. He then gave a salute before walking inside.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_returns_to_White_House-181)[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) He later went back outside with a camera crew to reshoot his entrance.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-186)
Within an hour of his arrival Trump released a video message and a promotional video, set to dramatic orchestral music, showing Marine One's flight and landing and his saluting pose from the balcony.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-187)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-188)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-189) In the video message he said, "We're going back to work. We're going to be out front. As your leader, I had to do that. I knew there's danger to it, but I had to do it. I stood out front. I led. Nobody that's a leader would not do what I did. And I know there's a risk, there's a danger, but that's OK. And now I'm better and maybe I'm immune, I don't know. But don't let it dominate your lives." The message was widely criticized. *The New York Times* commented, "Trump's statement was meant to cast his illness as an act of courage rather than the predictable outcome of recklessness."[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183) He also echoed a message he had earlier tweeted: "Don't be afraid of [Covid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019 "Coronavirus disease 2019"). Don't let it dominate your life" – a message which reportedly angered many survivors of the virus or people who had lost loved ones to the disease.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-190) *The New York Times* tabulated that Trump's tests, treatments, [airlifts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift "Airlift"), and hospital stay, if given to an average American, would have cost more than \$100,000. The helicopter rides alone would have cost \$40,000 after insurance.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-191)
### Return to the West Wing, October 6–7
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Return to the West Wing, October 6–7")\]
On October 6 and 7, Trump made no public appearances and had an empty public schedule, although he made more than 50 [Twitter posts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_Twitter "Donald Trump on Twitter").[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-192) In the tweets, Trump compared SARS-CoV-2 to [the flu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza "Influenza") and falsely claimed that the flu had higher death rates: "Are we going to close down our Country (because of the flu)? No, we have learned to live with it, just like we are learning to live with Covid, in most populations far less lethal!!!"[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-flat_wrong-193) Many doctors expressed alarm at the notion that the public should "learn to live with" the pandemic. Twitter tagged the post with a "misleading and potentially harmful information" flag, and Facebook removed a similar post by Trump.[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-flat_wrong-193) Four hours after the tweet, and after it was flagged by Twitter's staff, Trump tweeted "REPEAL SECTION 230", an attack against [Section 230](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_230 "Section 230") of the [Communications Decency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act "Communications Decency Act"), which protects online platforms from litigation surrounding the content their users post.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-194)
Trump's behavior on October 6 caused some White House staffers to wonder if he was being influenced by the cocktail of drugs he had been taking. Aides said that Trump still sometimes sounded as if he was trying to catch his breath;[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jolt-107) Trump continued to receive remdesivir treatment inside the White House and conducted business without wearing a mask.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-195) Dr. Conley said in a [memo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum "Memorandum") that Trump has "no symptoms" and is doing "extremely well."[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-196)
On October 7, Trump insisted on conducting business in the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office"), although he was supposed to be quarantined in the [residential portion of the White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Residence "Executive Residence") and rooms had been set up there where he could work. He reportedly entered the Oval Office through an outdoor entrance so as not to encounter staff. Only two aides – Mark Meadows and Dan Scavino – spent time with him there, fully dressed in [personal protective equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment "Personal protective equipment").[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-197)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-198)
### Return to public events, October 8–12
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Return to public events, October 8–12")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peaceful_Protest_for_Law_and_Order_\(50469782238\).jpg)
Trump speaking to a crowd in the White House grounds on October 10, 2020
Trump suggested that he could have contracted COVID-19 from family members of fallen soldiers who were at the September 27 reception for Gold Star Families. He said on a [Fox Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Business "Fox Business") interview on October 8 that the family members "come within an inch of my face" and that "They want to hug me, and they want to kiss me."[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-199) Trump did not wear a mask during the event. The White House later clarified that "based on [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing"), the data we have, we don't think it arose from that event" while defending holding such events indoors with few or no masks.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-200) Trump also said in the interview that he remains on dexamethasone.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-201)
Dr. Conley issued a memo that day saying that Trump's condition was stable and he was "devoid of symptoms". He added that "Saturday (October 10) will be day 10 since Thursday's diagnosis, and based on the trajectory of advanced diagnostics the team has been conducting, I fully anticipate the president's safe return to public engagements at that time."[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-202) Ten to 20 days is the [CDC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention")'s recommendation for how long people should isolate themselves after having COVID-19.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wants-203) In an interview that night, Trump said he would like to hold a rally in Florida on October 10 and one in Pennsylvania on the 11th.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-wants-203)
On October 10, Trump held his first public event since being diagnosed with the virus, speaking briefly from the [South Lawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lawn "South Lawn") portico to hundreds of guests.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-204) Conley said on October 12 that Trump tested negative on "consecutive days" using [rapid antigen tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_antigen_test "Rapid antigen test") and that the results of a PCR test, along with CDC guidelines for mild to moderate cases, indicate that he is not infectious.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-205)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-206) The CDC says it "does not recommend using antigen tests to make decisions about discontinuing isolation" and that negative tests should be confirmed with a PCR test.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-207) Later that day, Trump held his first rally since being diagnosed, in [Sanford, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Florida "Sanford, Florida").[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-208) *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*, and other news outlets did not send reporters to travel with Trump, citing concerns over basic precautions.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-209)
## Subsequent outbreaks
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Subsequent outbreaks")\]
In late October, [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") learned an unidentified staffer in the [vice president's office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Office of the Vice President of the United States") had tested positive.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-abcshort-210) Days later, it was announced that five close advisers to Pence had tested positive: [Marc Short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Short "Marc Short"), Chief of Staff to the Vice President; Marty Obst, one of the Vice President's closest advisors; Zach Bauer, the Vice President's "body man;" as well as two unnamed members of Pence's staff.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-shortaxios-211)[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5PenceAidesCBS-212)[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-PenceBodyMan-213)
After initially trying to keep the outbreak quiet, the White House announced that Pence would continue with his schedule, including political rallies, despite having been in "close contact with Mr. Short".[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-214)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-abcshort-210)
### Election Night party
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Election Night party")\]
On November 3, 2020, [Election Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_Day_\(United_States\) "Election Day (United States)"), Donald Trump held a party for staffers and [campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") officials in the [East Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Room "East Room") of the White House. The party was unprecedented in its size and scope.[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-215) Similarly to the Barrett nomination, few people wore masks or practiced social distancing.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-216) On November 6, White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows' positive COVID-19 test was made public.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) Meadows had been diagnosed on the 4th, but tried to keep his results secret, a move that concerned officials.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-218)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:6-219) Diagnoses for [Cassidy Hutchinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassidy_Hutchinson "Cassidy Hutchinson"), an aide to Meadows,[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:2-220) Nick Trainor, a director for the Trump campaign, and five White House staffers[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ABCMeadows-217) were also made public on the 6th. The following day, [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner") aide Charlton Boyd[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:3-221) was reported to be infected, and Florida Representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz") announced he had developed antibodies for the virus.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:4-222)
On November 9, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson") and [Citizens United](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_\(organization\) "Citizens United (organization)") head [David Bossie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bossie "David Bossie") tested positive for COVID-19. According to his brother, Carson was "in good spirits".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12) Two days later, [Brian Jack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Jack "Brian Jack"), White House political director, and [2016 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") spokesperson [Healy Baumgardner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healy_Baumgardner "Healy Baumgardner") were diagnosed.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:5-223) On November 12, it was revealed that party attendees [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), a Trump campaign advisor, and Republican strategist and lobbyist Jeff Miller tested positive for coronavirus.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:6-219)
On November 13, media outlets reported that over 130 Secret Service officers had been forced to self-isolate because they tested positive for the coronavirus or had been in close contact with infected individuals.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SecretService130-224)
## Effects on election and congressional activities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Effects on election and congressional activities")\]
### Vice presidential debate
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Vice presidential debate")\]
Two days before the debate between Pence and Sen. [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris"), the Commission on Presidential Debates announced that the stage at the [University of Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Utah "University of Utah") would feature [plexiglass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plexiglass "Plexiglass") barriers separating Pence, Harris, and the moderator [Susan Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Page "Susan Page") of *[USA Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today "USA Today")*.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-226)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-227)
At the Rose Garden ceremony on September 26, Pence had sat one row away from Mike Lee, five seats away from Thom Tillis, and three rows away from Kayleigh McEnany.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) Pence was also with Trump and Melania at the reception for Gold Star Families and was with Trump in the Oval Office the day of the first presidential debate.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-228) Pence's physician said that Pence, who tested negative, was not a close contact with anyone who had tested positive and did not need to quarantine.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-229) The night before the debate, the Trump White House released a letter from [Robert Redfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._Redfield "Robert R. Redfield"), the director of the CDC, to Pence's chief of staff Marc Short, in which Redfield declared that, based on his negative test results and discussions with Pence's physician, "the CDC concludes from a public health standpoint" that it was safe for Pence to debate.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SunAbutaleb-230) Redfield's letter, which was possibly unprecedented in CDC's history, sparked an outcry from public health experts inside and outside the CDC (such as [Angela Rasmussen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Rasmussen "Angela Rasmussen")) because the agency had not conducted an investigation into Pence's contacts; some within the CDC also objected to the letter on the grounds that it constituted a use of Pence's "special privileged access to the nation's top public health official" for a political purpose.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-SunAbutaleb-230) Some outside observers also raised [continuity-of-government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_of_government "Continuity of government") concerns with Pence declining to quarantine.[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-231)
Despite his known exposure, Pence initially asked to not have a plexiglass barrier on his side of the stage. His spokesperson, Katie Miller, argued that the twelve feet of distance between the participants made the precaution unnecessary,[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) and mocked Harris for using the barrier.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-232) The day before the debate, Pence dropped his objections and agreed to the barrier.[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Plexiglass-225) A number of experts noted that a plexiglass barrier would not prevent [airborne transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_transmission "Airborne transmission"), which given the stage setup was the biggest hazard.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-233) Though the Biden-Harris campaign sought to have the candidates stand, the Commission opted for the debate participants to be seated, which was the preference of the Trump-Pence.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-234)
Despite her known exposure, [Karen Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Pence "Karen Pence") appeared unmasked, violating prior agreements that all attendees would be masked except for the moderator and candidates.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-235)
### Second presidential debate
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Second presidential debate")\]
On October 8, the Commission on Presidential Debates made plans to have the second debate on October 15 be held in a virtual format due to Trump's COVID diagnosis. Trump declined to take part in a virtual debate, while Biden was willing to participate. Following Trump's refusal to participate, the Biden campaign announced that he would instead take questions from voters directly on October 15 via a town hall event hosted by ABC News in [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia").[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-236) The commission then canceled the debate altogether.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-237)
### Supreme Court nomination hearings
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Supreme Court nomination hearings")\]
The outbreak among senators caused the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") to delay its session by two weeks to October 19, but the [Judiciary Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Judiciary "United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary") began Judge [Amy Coney Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett "Amy Coney Barrett")'s nomination hearings on October 12.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Despite_Outbreak,_Congress_Takes_Its_Chances-238)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-239) [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus "Senate Democratic Caucus") tried unsuccessfully to delay the fast-track proceedings by raising safety concerns in light of infections among members.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Senators_weigh_COVID_risk-240) Committee members Mike Lee and Thom Tillis, had already tested positive, both having attended the Rose Garden event in September; member [Ted Cruz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz "Ted Cruz") had been quarantining after coming into contact with the former.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-241) While the [Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol "United States Capitol")'s mask requirements were generally enforced, Mike Lee, who had been cleared by the attending physician, gave his opening statement without a mask, though he wore a mask at other times.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Sen._Lee,_recently_infected-242)[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Despite_Outbreak,_Congress_Takes_Its_Chances-238) Sens. Cruz and Tillis appeared remotely on the first day of hearings,[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hearing_remotely-243)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-244) and participated in person the other days.[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-245)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hearing_remotely-243) Committee chairman Sen. [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham"), who was at the Rose Garden event and had brief contact with Sen. Lee, said he tested negative on October 2. He did not wear a mask at his seat, but put it on when Lee approached.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-246)[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-247) [Congressional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") safety officials said that the hearing met CDC guidelines, and the chamber was set up with air ventilation systems and distancing between senators.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Sen._Lee,_recently_infected-242)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Senators_weigh_COVID_risk-240)
[Epidemiologists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology "Epidemiology") and public health experts said that the outbreak had put many people at risk in many places. Those infected carried the virus across the country and attended events in places such as [Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta"), Pennsylvania, and Minnesota. At least 6,000 people attended gatherings where they mingled closely with those infected within a week of the Supreme Court nomination ceremony on September 26.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-248)
In the [Washington, D.C. metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C._metropolitan_area "Washington, D.C. metropolitan area"), the outbreaks at the White House and [Capitol Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Hill "Capitol Hill") (where masks are required on the [House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") floor, but not the Senate floor) also presented a risk.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249) The city had made substantial progress in reducing virus transmission through stringent public health laws and a population that largely followed these laws, but the clusters began a reversal and raised concerns that the city's overall infection rate would be affected.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249) As a [federal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States "Federal government of the United States") property, the White House is exempt from the District of Columbia's public health rules, and has disregarded local mandates. The Trump White House also did not share positive test results with state or local health agencies.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Steinhauer-249)
### Date of Trump's last negative test
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Date of Trump's last negative test")\]
After President Trump was hospitalized, it was revealed that he was not being tested daily, and the White House was unwilling to reveal the date of his last negative test.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-250) In previous months, Trump had twice claimed to test negative: in March, Trump physician Sean Conley had announced that the president had tested negative after he was exposed to COVID-positive individuals at his [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") resort.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-251) After one of Trump's personal valets tested positive in May,[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-252) Trump told reporters "I tested very positively in another sense so – this morning. Yeah. I tested positively toward negative, right. So. I tested perfectly this morning. Meaning I tested negative."[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-why_it_matters-105) At an October 16 event, Trump reported being unable to remember whether he had taken a test in the hours prior to the presidential debate.[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-253)
### Continuity of government implications
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: Continuity of government implications")\]
As of October 3, 2020, a White House spokesperson confirmed that Trump remained active as president and that there had been no [transfer of presidential power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution") to Vice President Pence.[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-254)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-255) On October 2, House Speaker [Nancy Pelosi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi "Nancy Pelosi"), next in line for the presidency after Pence, said that the White House had not contacted her about [continuity of government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_of_government "Continuity of government").[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-256)
Some [national security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States "National security of the United States") analysts said the president's diagnosis put the United States into "uncharted territory" and "deep into the danger zone".[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Defenseone-257) Former Defense Secretary [Leon Panetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Panetta "Leon Panetta") said that Trump's hospitalization raises serious national security concerns and that adversaries should be expected to exploit any vulnerabilities of the United States.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-258) However, several former defense officials downplayed concerns of foreign opportunism and argued that the U.S. national security apparatus including the [nuclear command-and-control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triad#United_States "Nuclear triad") elements of that system is resilient enough to withstand the impact of an ill or incapacitated president. Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East Mick Mulroy said, "Unless symptoms are severe enough for the commander-in-chief to be incapacitated, it would not require a change of the chain of command," and that it was unlikely an adversary would use the situation to "test" the U.S.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Defenseone-257)
On October 2, the Pentagon issued a statement saying, "There's no change to the readiness or capability of our armed forces. Our national command and control structure is in no way affected" by Trump's diagnosis.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-259)
### Mental fitness concerns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Mental fitness concerns")\]
According to a large study of COVID-19 survivors, one in five of those infected develops a mental illness within three months.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-260)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-261)
There was some concern that Trump's steroid treatment could affect his mental state. One expert commented: "Some patients may develop psychiatric symptoms after being treated with steroids including [euphoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphoria "Euphoria"), mood instability, [rage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_\(emotion\) "Rage (emotion)") or psychosis. It is rare, but occurs often enough that we recognize them as undesirable side effects of steroid therapy."[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-262) Professor of Emergency Medicine [Esther Choo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther_Choo "Esther Choo") warned "we tell people that it can make them feel really hyper. It can make them behave very strangely."[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-A_Doctor_Weighs_In-263)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Dexamethasone-264) Among patients administered dexamethasone, about 30% develop "moderate psychiatric symptoms like [anxiety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety "Anxiety"), [insomnia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomnia "Insomnia"), mania, or delirium". About 6% develop psychosis.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265)
After Trump left the hospital for a [motorcade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcade#President_of_the_United_States "Motorcade") excursion and posted over a dozen all-caps tweets, it was speculated that the president was suffering from "[steroid-induced psychosis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis "Substance-induced psychosis")".[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-266) [Megan Ranney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megan_Ranney "Megan Ranney"), an emergency physician and professor at [Brown University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_University "Brown University"), told CNN's [Wolf Blitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Blitzer "Wolf Blitzer"): "I would never want to say the president is experiencing steroid-induced psychosis, but it is certainly concerning to see some of his actions today in the wake of this potentially deadly diagnosis and infectious disease."[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-267)
According to reporting by [Gabriel Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Sherman "Gabriel Sherman") of *[Vanity Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanity_Fair_\(magazine\) "Vanity Fair (magazine)")*, [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") expressed concerns on October 4 that the president was "acting crazy".[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-268) Privately, White House aides had concerns about the effects of medications causing Trump's "animated mood".[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265) On October 5, Trump tweeted that he was "Feeling really good" and felt "better than I did 20 years ago", contributing to some speculation that his mental state was a side effect of medication.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Leaves_Hospital,_Minimizing_Virus-183)
On October 3, Trump issued an all-caps tweet calling for passage of a coronavirus stimulus bill.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-269) On October 4, it was publicly announced that Trump had been administered dexamethasone the previous day.[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-270) On October 6, Trump unexpectedly announced on Twitter that he was halting negotiations on a stimulus bill. The announcement caused another sudden drop in the stock market, and Speaker Pelosi questioned if his steroid use was affecting his decision-making.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-271)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-272) Trump reversed this decision in another tweet sent seven hours later.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-273)
Commenting on the tweets, Dr. Choo observed: "Anytime he's doing a Twitter storm in all caps, it looks a little manic." Choo described Trump as a "presidential guinea pig" since "He's on all these medications, he's on that monoclonal antibody cocktail that we don't even know the side effects to, because it hasn't been well studied. Then he's on the Remdesivir, which is really a brand new medication in the context of COVID, which itself can cause alterations to your brain and your behaviour. And then add on the steroids."[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-A_Doctor_Weighs_In-263)
On October 8, Speaker Pelosi announced plans for a meeting the following day to discuss the [25th Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution").[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-274)
The White House infections could have been prevented, according to [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci"), [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases "National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases") director and [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") member.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-fauci-preventable-15) [Arthur Caplan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Caplan "Arthur Caplan"), a [bioethicist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioethics "Bioethics") at the [NYU Grossman School of Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine "New York University School of Medicine"), has stated that the outbreak and specifically Trump's diagnosis would lead to more calls for transparency about Trump's health as well as conspiracy theories about how he was infected.[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-275) Dr. Megan Ranney, a leading voice on personal protective equipment, said that Trump's infection was a "preventable but predictable national security risk".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-ranney-preventable-16) Julie Pryde, head of the [Champaign-Urbana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champaign%E2%80%93Urbana_metropolitan_area "Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area") health district, said that the White House outbreak was preventable with basic infection-control measures.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-pryde-preventable-17)
Some medical experts noted that dexamethasone is typically administered in severe and critical cases of infection, to suppress an [immune system overreaction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine_storm "Cytokine storm") that attacks vital organs which can lead to death. Dexamethasone has not been shown to be effective in milder cases of the disease.[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-276) Others noted that such steroids can have mood-altering side effects ranging from depression to mania, even delirium and psychosis. There was also a risk of harmful drug interactions by administering several therapeutics at once. Some experts noted a so-called "VIP syndrome," in which a prominent patient insists on directing his own medical care, suggesting the president may have sought aggressive treatment without understanding the potential risks. As a Navy doctor, Conley is obliged to follow orders of the commander in chief. After Trump extensively promoted [hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine "Hydroxychloroquine") as a defense against infection in spring 2020, Conley administered him a two-week regimen of the drug, despite no studies finding it was effective and it had potentially dangerous side effects.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Dexamethasone-264)[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-277)
### United States public
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=34 "Edit section: United States public")\]
The response from the U.S. public was mixed, and often split along [ideological lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum "Political spectrum").[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-278) Some supporters of [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") said they were not surprised at the outbreak, due to a lack of precautions taken by Trump and other Republicans.[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-279)[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CastDoubt-280) Some people said they did not believe the diagnosis: some liberal doubters said they could not believe Trump due to the volume of false and misleading information that Trump had spread in the past,[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-CastDoubt-280) while some [QAnon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon") followers posited conspiracy theories asserting that Trump's diagnosis was "part of an elaborate plan to isolate the leader while violent retribution is taken against believed evil-doers."[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-281) Comedian [Michael Che](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Che "Michael Che") wished Trump "a very lengthy recovery" on the *[Saturday Night Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live "Saturday Night Live")* [news satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_satire "News satire") sketch *[Weekend Update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekend_Update "Weekend Update")*.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-282)
An October 2–3 [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")/[Ipsos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipsos "Ipsos") poll found that American disapproval of Trump's handling of the pandemic had increased from the previous week, with 65% of registered voters agreeing with the statement "if President Trump had taken coronavirus more seriously, he probably would not have been infected."[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-283) Another poll on October 6 revealed that 21% of respondents were more likely to wear a mask due to the news of Trump acquiring the disease.[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-284)
Twitter announced that any posts [wishing for Trump's death](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threatening_the_President_of_the_United_States "Threatening the President of the United States") would be removed for violating the platform's [terms of service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_service "Terms of service"). Congresswomen [Rashida Tlaib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib "Rashida Tlaib"), [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez"), [Ilhan Omar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhan_Omar "Ilhan Omar"), and [Ayanna Pressley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley "Ayanna Pressley") criticized Twitter for not taking threats against them seriously, pointing to longstanding posts calling for their deaths that had not been removed.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-285) Facebook and [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") announced similar policies.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-286)
### United States politicians
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: United States politicians")\]
On October 2, Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said that he and [Jill Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill_Biden "Jill Biden") send their "prayers for the health and safety" of Donald and Melania Trump.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-287) He took all of his [negative political ads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_ad "Attack ad") off the air following the announcement of Trump's diagnosis.[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-288) His running mate Sen. Kamala Harris said that she and her husband [Doug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Emhoff "Doug Emhoff") are sharing their "deepest prayers for the health and recovery of the president and the first lady."[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-289) Former president [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") extended his "best wishes" to Trump and said that he and [Michelle Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama "Michelle Obama") hope for a speedy recovery for the Trumps.[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-290) House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said, "I always pray for the president and his family that they're safe" and said that she received the news with "great sadness".[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-291) Senate Minority Leader [Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") wished Donald and Melania Trump and White House staffers a "speedy recovery".[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-292)
Senate Majority Leader [Mitch McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") revealed he had not visited the White House since August 6 because of his private concerns that safety protocols were not being observed.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-trumpcallsindict-265)
### International politicians and leaders
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: International politicians and leaders")\]
Many politicians around the world expressed wishes for a quick recovery; others commented on the lack of response to the pandemic and the downplaying of the virus. Indian Prime Minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi"), Israeli Prime Minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu"), Philippine President [Rodrigo Duterte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte "Rodrigo Duterte"), Russian President [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin"), British Prime Minister [Boris Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson "Boris Johnson") and others issued statements of support over the outbreak through social media.[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WaPo_2020-10-02-293) Others were more critical of the outbreak; [French government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_France "Government of France") spokesman [Gabriel Attal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Attal "Gabriel Attal") warned that the virus spared no one, even those skeptical about its reality and seriousness. [Radoslaw Sikorski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rados%C5%82aw_Sikorski "Radosław Sikorski"), a [European Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament "European Parliament") member and former [Polish foreign minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_\(Poland\) "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)"), tweeted[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-WaPo_2020-10-02-293) that Trump should not try to treat himself with [bleach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach "Bleach"), referring to Trump's earlier suggestion to try using [disinfectants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant "Disinfectant") as a COVID-19 treatment "by [injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection_\(medicine\) "Injection (medicine)") inside or almost a cleaning."[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-294)
### Misinformation and conspiracy theories
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=37 "Edit section: Misinformation and conspiracy theories")\]
Shortly after the announcement that Trump had tested positive, [misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation "Misinformation") and [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory") began proliferating social media.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-295) Many of the conspiracy theories were politically motivated, aided by conflicting and contradictory information announced to the public by the White House, the presidential medical team, and Trump himself (through his tweets).[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-296)[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Mahdawi-297)
[Michael Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore "Michael Moore") promoted the conspiracy theory that Trump might be faking his diagnosis.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-298)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-299) Similar theories were posted on social media, postulating that Trump was feigning the illness so he could quickly recover and downplay the threat of COVID-19, delay the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), or to distract the public from the reporting about [his tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump#2020_New_York_Times_reporting "Tax returns of Donald Trump").[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Mahdawi-297) Conversely, the [vice presidential debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates#Vice_presidential_debate_\(University_of_Utah\) "2020 United States presidential debates") on October 7 triggered "a wave of speculation" that Pence might be symptomatic.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-300)[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-301)
Some theories were spread by supporters of the [QAnon conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QAnon "QAnon"), who believe that COVID-19 is a narrative constructed by a [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") [deep state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state_in_the_United_States "Deep state in the United States") to seize power in the United States, and that Trump's positive diagnosis was tactical, as part of a larger plan to arrest [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton").[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-302)
## List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=38 "Edit section: List of COVID-19 infections and notable exposures")\]
White House personnel held multiple events in the days prior to the outbreak. On Sep 26, a nomination event for Judge Barrett was held. The following day, Gold Star families attended an event. White House personnel traveled to Ohio to attend the first presidential debate, as well as campaign events in Duluth and Bedminster, New Jersey.[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303) On Nov 3, prior to the second outbreak, a watch party was held in the East Room of the White House.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-:1-12)
### People who tested positive for COVID-19
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=39 "Edit section: People who tested positive for COVID-19")\]
### June–September 2020
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_COVID-19_outbreak&action=edit§ion=42 "Edit section: June–September 2020")\]
- **June 20**: [Trump rally in Tulsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally") attended by over 6,000. Hicks, Cain, two Secret Service agents, two staffers, and a journalist later test positive.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-389)
- **July 30**: Death of [Herman Cain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Cain "Herman Cain")[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-390)
- **August 17**: Trump rally at Mankato, Minnesota attended by 500[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- **August 20**: Trump rally at Lackawanna, Pennsylvania attended by several hundred[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- **September 5–7**: Crede Bailey, head of the White House Security Office, fell ill with COVID-19.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Jacobs_2020-11-01-304)
- **September 13**: Trump rally at Henderson, Nevada attended by 5,000.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Oct26rallies-38)
- **September 16**: At least one unnamed staffer tests positive[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-goodday-39)
- **September 17**: Trump rally at Mosinee, Wisconsin attended by thousands[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-391)
- **September 18**: Trump rally at Bemidji, Montana attended by thousands, 16 attendees test positive, two hospitalized[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-392)
- **September 24**: Pence and Ivanka Trump attend event at Minnesota hotel; three attendees test positive
- **September 26**:
- 150 guests attend Rose Garden ceremony nominating Amy Coney Barrett; a reception follows. At least 18 attendees tested positive.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-after_rose_garden-57)
- Trump exhibits symptoms and tests positive for COVID-19.
- Trump rally at Middletown, Pennsylvania attended by thousands[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- Debate prep team meets at the White House. At least seven team members later tested positive[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- **September 27**:
- Golfing
- Reception for 40 Gold Star families, at least three attendees later tested positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- **September 28**:
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- Press conference announcing a new COVID-19 testing initiative[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-dixon-382)
- **September 29**:
- Debate prep team meets at the White House[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-christie_kiro7-94)
- First presidential debate in Cleveland, Ohio; Trump arrives late and avoids COVID-19 test. At least four attendees later tested positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- **September 30**:
- Private fundraiser in Shorewood attended by about 40 guests[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-393)
- Duluth rally attended by 2,500 people. At least four White House personnel in attendance later test positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)
- [Hope Hicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Hicks "Hope Hicks") quarantined[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-politico-oct2nd-69)
- Crede Bailey hospitalized in late September[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Haberman_2020_10_08-305)
- **October 1**, three known cases:
Press Secretary Kayleigh McEnany holds a press briefing, despite knowledge of exposure, October 1, 2020. Video from [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House").
- - Kayleigh McEnany holds press briefing despite knowledge of exposure; she later tested positive.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-feldman-117)
- Fundraiser at Bedminster golf club in New Jersey is attended by 200; two White House team members in attendance later test positive[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-usatimeline-303)
- Trump tests positive[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)
- Hope Hicks diagnosis revealed by Bloomberg News[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-calia-118)
- Sean Hannity appearance[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-Trump_Didn't_Disclose_First_Positive-134)
- Stephen Miller begins self-quarantine.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91)
- Eric Trump holds rally in Rothschild, Wisconsin[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-5spikes-36)[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-394)
- **October 2** , 25+ known cases:
- Trump announces his diagnosis via Twitter[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)
- Trump airlifted to Walter Reed[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-liptak-148)
- **October 3** , 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172)
- Chris Christie hospitalized
- **October 4** , 28+ known cases: Trump in hospital, motorcade excursion[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-jacksonmotor-172)
- Barr enters quarantine[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-rWCRc-143)
- Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump photographed exercising while masked; the two are not publicly seen in the coming days.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 5** , 32+ known cases: Trump returns to White House
- Giuliani interviewed while exhibiting cough[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-guardian_rudy-376)
- **October 6** , 35+ known cases:
- Admiral Charles Ray, Coast Guard aide to the President Jayna McCarron, and an unnamed military person who serves as valet to the President test positive
- Joint Chiefs of Staff self-quarantine due to exposure via Admiral Ray
- White House aide Stephen Miller and Assistant Press Secretary Jalen Drummond's positive test is announced[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-miller-91)
- **October 7** , 36+ known cases:
- General Gary Thomas tests positive[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-GenThomasReuters-329)
- Rudy Giuliani reveals he is undergoing 'prophylactic' treatment[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-newsweek_rudy-379)
- Vice presidential debate
- **October 8**
- The Commission on Presidential Debates announces that the second debate will be held in a virtual format, due to Trump's COVID diagnosis[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-395)
- Donald Trump Jr. holds a tightly packed indoor rally in Florida[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-396)
- Pence cancels events and returns to D.C.[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-397)
- **October 10**:
- White House holds event on the South Lawn where Trump appears on balcony to address hundreds of attendees.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-398)
- Pence returns to campaign with events in Orlando and at [The Villages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Villages "The Villages") .[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-399)
- **October 12**
- White House physician reports Trump has tested negative for COVID-19.[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-400)
- Trump attends campaign rally at [Orlando Sanford International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sanford_International_Airport "Orlando Sanford International Airport") in [Sanford, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford,_Florida "Sanford, Florida") .[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-401)
- **October 13**: Trump rally at [John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Murtha_Johnstown-Cambria_County_Airport "John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport") in [Cambria County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_County,_Pennsylvania "Cambria County, Pennsylvania") .[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-402)
- **October 14**: Trump rally at [Des Moines International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines_International_Airport "Des Moines International Airport") in [Des Moines, Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa "Des Moines, Iowa") .[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-403)
- **October 15**: Trump rally at [Pitt–Greenville Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitt%E2%80%93Greenville_Airport "Pitt–Greenville Airport") in [Greenville, North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenville,_North_Carolina "Greenville, North Carolina") .[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-404)
- **October 16**
- Trump rally at [Ocala International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocala_International_Airport "Ocala International Airport") in [Marion County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_County,_Florida "Marion County, Florida") .[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-405) Rep. Matt Gaetz, who would later test positive for antibodies, was in attendance.[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-406)
- Trump rally at [Middle Georgia Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Georgia_Regional_Airport "Middle Georgia Regional Airport") in [Bibb County, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibb_County,_Georgia "Bibb County, Georgia") .[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-407)
- **October 18**: Trump rally at [Carson City Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City_Airport "Carson City Airport") in [Carson City, Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada "Carson City, Nevada") .[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-408)
- **October 19**
- Trump rally at [Prescott Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott_Regional_Airport "Prescott Regional Airport") in [Prescott, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona "Prescott, Arizona") .[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-409)
- Trump rally at [Tucson International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson_International_Airport "Tucson International Airport") in [Tucson, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona "Tucson, Arizona") .[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-410)
- **October 20**:
- Trump rally at [Erie International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_International_Airport "Erie International Airport") in [Erie, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania "Erie, Pennsylvania") .[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-411)
- Melania Trump cancelled her first schedule appearance since developing symptoms, citing a "lingering cough".[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-412)
- **October 21**: Trump rally at [Gastonia Municipal Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastonia_Municipal_Airport "Gastonia Municipal Airport") in [Gaston County, North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_County,_North_Carolina "Gaston County, North Carolina").[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-413)
- **October 22**: Final presidential debate in Nashville, Tennessee[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-414)
- **October 23**:
- Trump rally at The Villages Polo Club in [Sumter County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumter_County,_Florida "Sumter County, Florida").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Pensacola International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensacola_International_Airport "Pensacola International Airport") in [Escambia County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escambia_County,_Florida "Escambia County, Florida"). Rep Matt Gaetz spoke and signed autographs; He would later develop antibodies.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-415)
- **October 24**:
- Trump rally at Pickaway Agriculture and Event Center in [Pickaway County, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickaway_County,_Ohio "Pickaway County, Ohio").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Waukesha County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waukesha_County_Airport "Waukesha County Airport") in [Waukesha County, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waukesha_County,_Wisconsin "Waukesha County, Wisconsin").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Five aides to Pence test positive.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-cnn-pence-aides-6)
- **October 25**:
- Trump rally at [Manchester–Boston Regional Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester%E2%80%93Boston_Regional_Airport "Manchester–Boston Regional Airport") in [Manchester, New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire "Manchester, New Hampshire").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 26**:
- Trump rally at [Lancaster Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_Airport_\(Pennsylvania\) "Lancaster Airport (Pennsylvania)") in [Lancaster County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania "Lancaster County, Pennsylvania").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Altoona–Blair County Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altoona%E2%80%93Blair_County_Airport "Altoona–Blair County Airport") in [Blair County, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blair_County,_Pennsylvania "Blair County, Pennsylvania").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- **October 27**:
- Trump rally at [Capital Region International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Region_International_Airport "Capital Region International Airport") in [Clinton County, Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan "Clinton County, Michigan").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Crosse_Fairgrounds_Speedway "La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway") in [West Salem, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Salem,_Wisconsin "West Salem, Wisconsin").\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- Trump rally at [Eppley Airfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eppley_Airfield "Eppley Airfield") in [Douglas County, Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nebraska "Douglas County, Nebraska").[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-416)
- **October 28**:
- Trump rally at [Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughlin/Bullhead_International_Airport "Laughlin/Bullhead International Airport") in [Mohave County, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohave_County,_Arizona "Mohave County, Arizona").[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-RalliesAZ1028-417)
- Trump rally at [Phoenix Goodyear Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Goodyear_Airport "Phoenix Goodyear Airport") in [Maricopa County, Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maricopa_County,_Arizona "Maricopa County, Arizona").[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-RalliesAZ1028-417)
- **November 1**:
- Thousands gather at Dubuque Regional Airport, Iowa for a Trump rally.[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-418) Chuck Grassley and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto3-344)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto2-350)[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto4-349)
- Tightly packed Trump rally at Rome, Georgia draws 30,000.[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-419) Senators David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler attended;[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-420) Loeffler would later test positive.
- Rally at Opa-Locka Airport in Miami draws thousands.[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-421) Two attendees, Sen. Rick Scott and Carlos Gimenez, would later test positive.[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-422)
- **November 2**: Thousands attend Trump Rally at Kenosha Airport in Wisconsin. Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-423)
- **November 3**: About 200 attended election night event in the White House East Room; Mark Meadows, David Bossie, [Ben Carson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson "Ben Carson"), Brian Jack, Corey Lewandowski and Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-424)[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BI-Carson-425)[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-bossie_head-339)
- **November 5**: Trump rally at Republican headquarters in Atlanta; Donald Trump Jr. would later test positive.[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-426)
- **November 6**: Mark Meadows tests positive for coronavirus.[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-MarkMeadows-335)
- **November 7**:
- Florida's house representative [Matt Gaetz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Gaetz "Matt Gaetz") tests positive for coronavirus antibody but not the live virus, indicating that he was infected with coronavirus at some point in the past.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-427)
- The Trump Campaign holds an [event at Four Seasons Total Landscaping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Total_Landscaping_press_conference "Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference"). Corey Lewandoski would later test positive.[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-428)
- Joe Biden projected winner of the 2020 presidential election
- **November 8**: Trump campaign advisor David Bossie tests positive for COVID-19.[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-429) Bossie had been placed in charge of the Trump campaign post-election strategy the week prior when Mark Meadows' COVID-19 status was made public.[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-430)
- **November 9**: Secretary of HUD Ben Carson tests positive for coronavirus. He had been in attendance at the November 3 election night event at the White House.[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-BI-Carson-425)
- **November 11**:White House political director Brian Jack is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus over the previous weekend. Jack was also at the White House election night event.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-431)
- **November 12**: Corey Lewandowski, a Trump campaign advisor working on the post-election legal team, is revealed to have tested positive for coronavirus on Wed Nov 11. Lewandowski was present at the election night party following which several other White House staff and Trump campaign workers have received a COVID-19 diagnosis.[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-432)
- **November 13**: Rick Scott attends packed event for Loeffler and Perdue at Black Diamond Grill in Cummings, Georgia.[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-433)[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-434)[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-435) Scott reportedly entered quarantine after returning to Florida.[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-436) Loeffler would later test positive.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-loefflerpos-351)
- **November 15**: Donald Trump Jr. tests positive "at the start of the week".[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-auto2-350)
- **November 17**: Chuck Grassley reports testing positive.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-437)
- **November 19**: Giuliani holds press conference. Three attendees, Andrew Giuliani, [Boris Epshteyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Epshteyn "Boris Epshteyn"), and Christianné Allen would later test positive.[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-andrewgiuliani-438)[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hillEpshteyn-352)[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-439)
- **November 20**:
- White House aide Andrew Giuliani, Senator Rick Scott, and Donald Trump Jr. revealed to have tested positive for COVID-19[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-andrewgiuliani-438)[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-440)
- Pence holds rally with David Perdue and Kelly Loeffler in Canton, Georgia.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-441) Loeffler would report testing positive the following day.
- **November 21**: Senate candidate [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") reports testing positive.[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-loefflerpos-351)
- **November 25**: Boris Epshteyn reported to have tested positive for COVID-19.[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-hillEpshteyn-352) After hosting a public meeting in Gettysburg, Mastriano attends White House meeting where he receives news of positive test results.[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-mastriano-442)
- **November 27**: Florida member-elect of the US House [Carlos Gimenez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_A._Gim%C3%A9nez "Carlos A. Giménez") reported to have tested positive.[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-443)
- **November 29**: Pennsylvania state senator [Doug Mastriano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Mastriano "Doug Mastriano") reported to have tested positive.[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-mastriano-442)
- **November 30**: Giuliani meets, unmasked, with Arizona lawmakers.[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-444)
- **December 2**: Giuliani appears unmasked before Michigan lawmakers.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
- **December 3**: Giuliani appears unmasked before Georgia lawmakers.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
- **December 5**: Trump, Perdue, and Loeffler attend a rally in Valdosta, Georgia.[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-446)
- **December 6**: Giuliani reported to have tested positive.[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-giulianiguardian-445)
- [2020 Trump Tulsa rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Trump_Tulsa_rally "2020 Trump Tulsa rally")
- [List of 2020 Donald Trump campaign rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016–2022)")
- [List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump since September 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2020\)#September "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)")
- [COVID-19 pandemic in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States")
- [October surprise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_surprise "October surprise"), a news event that may influence the outcome of an upcoming election
- [Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic")
- [Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution")
- [Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Ronald_Reagan "Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan"), a previous event in which a sitting President's health was at risk
- [Luke Letlow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Letlow "Luke Letlow"), U.S. Representative–elect (LA-5) who died of COVID-19 in December 2020 before taking office
- U.S. Representative [Ron Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Wright_\(politician\) "Ron Wright (politician)"), first sitting member of Congress to die of COVID-19[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_note-447)
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_ref-1)**
[Bennett, Geoff \[@GeoffRBennett\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff_Bennett_\(journalist\) "Geoff Bennett (journalist)") (December 6, 2020). ["By NBC's count, at least 53 people in Trump's orbit have tested positive for COVID-19. That number includes administration officials, campaign staffers and close contacts. (The count starts with Hope Hicks' diagnosis in October and includes the Giuliani announcement today.)"](https://twitter.com/GeoffRBennett/status/1335691018025447424) ([Tweet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_\(social_media\) "Tweet (social media)")). Retrieved December 17, 2023 – via [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter").
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Buchanan, Larry; Gamio, Lazaro; Leatherby, Lauren; Keefe, John; Koettl, Christoph; Walker, Amy Schoenfeld (October 2, 2020). ["Tracking the White House Coronavirus Outbreak"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/10/02/us/politics/trump-contact-tracing-covid.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved October 5, 2020.
3. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_ref-nyttrack2_3-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_ref-nyttrack2_3-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_ref-nyttrack2_3-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak#cite_ref-nyttrack2_3-3)
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