🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa067)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic","crawl_time":1754603112,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Use of immunity passports for COVID-19 vaccination An EU  Green Pass  in digital format being scanned before entering a bistro in  Parma , Italy A  vaccine passport  or  proof of vaccination  is an  immunity passport  employed as a credential [ 1 ]  in countries and jurisdictions as part of efforts to control the  COVID-19 pandemic  via  vaccination . A vaccine passport is typically issued by a government or health authority, and usually consists of a digital or printed record. Some credentials may include a scannable  QR code , which can also be provisioned via  mobile app . It may or may not use a  COVID-19 vaccine card  as a basis of authentication.\n The use of vaccine passports is based on the general presumption that a vaccinated individual would be less likely to transmit  SARS-CoV-2  to others, and less likely to experience a severe outcome (hospitalization or death)  if they were to be infected , thus making it relatively safer for them to congregate. A vaccine passport is typically coordinated with policies enforced by individual businesses, or enforceable public health orders, that require patrons to present proof of vaccination for COVID-19 as a condition of entry or service.\n Government-mandated use of vaccine passports typically applies to discretionary public spaces and events (such as indoor restaurants, bars, or large-scale in-person events, such as  concerts  and  sports ), and not essential businesses, such as retail stores or health care. In  France ,  Italy , [ 2 ] Ireland , [ 3 ]  and  Canada , [ 4 ]  vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to introduce vaccine passports. An intention by some jurisdictions is to prevent future  lockdowns  and restrictions. [ 5 ] Vaccine passports are controversial and have raised scientific, ethical and legal concerns. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]   Critics have also argued that vaccine passports violate civil liberties via  coercion . [ 8 ]  In the  United States , there is no vaccine passport at a federal level, and some US states have preemptively banned vaccine passports in certain public and private sector contexts, citing discrimination and privacy concerns. [ 9 ] England  initially decided against mandating vaccine passports due to worries that discrimination and economic harm would occur, but later joined the other nations of the United Kingdom in mandating vaccine passports due to the threat of the  Omicron variant .\n Countries by percentage of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Date is at the bottom of the map. Many governments, including Finland [ 10 ]  and Germany, [ 11 ]  expressed early interest in the concept. Vaccine passports were seen as a potential way to permit a faster economic recovery from large-scale  lockdowns  that apply to all residents (especially within the travel and tourism industries), improve the confidence of patrons concerned for their health and safety, and to incentivize vaccination in order for a population to potentially reach \" herd immunity \". [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In May 2020, Chile started issuing \"release certificates\" to patients who had recovered from COVID-19, but \"the documents will not yet certify immunity\". [ 14 ]  Many governments including Finland, [ 10 ]  Germany, [ 11 ]  the United Kingdom, [ 15 ]  and the United States [ 16 ]  expressed interest in the concept.\n The  Royal Society  published a report on 19 February 2021 [ 17 ]  where a lead author of the report, Professor Melinda Mills, Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at the University of Oxford said: “Understanding what a vaccine passport could be used for is a fundamental question – is it literally a passport to allow international travel or could it be used domestically to allow holders greater freedoms?  The intended use will have significant implications across a wide range of legal and ethical issues that need to be fully explored and could inadvertently discriminate or exacerbate existing inequalities.” The report lists 12 essential criteria for an international standard.\n On 12 March 2021,  Ecma International  announced its intention to create an international standard which prevents counterfeits and protects private data as much as possible in a \"Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization\"  [ 18 ]  that referenced the earlier report from the UK's Royal Society. In August 2021, Ecma International announced revisions to Ecma-417 (Architectures for distributed real-time access systems) relevant to standards for vaccine passports. [ 19 ] An early advocate of immunity passports during the COVID-19 pandemic was  Sam Rainsy , the Cambodian opposition leader. In exile and under confinement in Paris, he proposed immunity passports as a way to help restart the economy in a series of articles which he began in March 2020 and published in  The Geopolitics  and  The Brussels Times . [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ]  The proposals were also published in French. [ 23 ]  The idea became increasingly relevant as evidence of lasting acquired immunity became clear. [ 24 ] Proponents of the idea such as  Sam Rainsy , co-founder of the opposition  Cambodia National Rescue Party  (CNRP) have argued that immunity, whether acquired naturally or through vaccination, is a resource which needs to be used to limit the impact of the pandemic on the global economy. [ 25 ]  Many people in Cambodia depend entirely for their living on a tourism industry which has been wiped out. Poor countries can also benefit from recording immunological status as this will reduce wastage of scarce vaccines. The immunity passport proposed by Rainsy was effectively adopted in the EU under the name of \"health pass\". [ 26 ] As of 4 April 2021, [update]  it was not yet clear whether vaccinated people that remain asymptomatic are still contagious and are thus silent spreaders of the virus putting unvaccinated people at risk. \"A lot of people are thinking that once they get vaccinated, they’re not going to have to wear masks anymore,\" said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University. \"It’s really going to be critical for them to know if they have to keep wearing masks, because they could still be contagious.\" [ 27 ] In January 2021, Israel announced that Israelis who had received their second vaccination and those who had proof of recovery from infection would be eligible for a  Green Pass , exempting them from isolation requirements [ 28 ]  and mandatory COVID-19 tests, including those on arrival from overseas. [ 29 ]  In February 2021, Israel became one of the first countries to implement a vaccine passport system, dubbed the  Green Pass . They are required in order to access venues such as gyms, hotels, bars, and restaurants. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ]  In October 2021, Israel announced an update to its guidelines, requiring that the most recent vaccine dose (or proof of recovery) to have been during the past six months.  This change made Israel the first country to make a booster shot a requirement for its vaccine passport system. [ 33 ] In August 2021, Morocco established a nightly  curfew  between 23:00 and 04:30, exempting those fully vaccinated. [ 34 ]  The curfew was lifted in November 2021. [ 35 ] Beginning on 1 September 2021, Azerbaijan required proof of vaccination for people over 18 to enter virtually all public spaces, and a national mandate of 1 October required vaccination of all state-regulated workers. [ 36 ] In February 2020, China started to use digital \"health codes\", available on a variety of platforms including  WeChat  and  Alipay  with scannable QR barcodes displaying a \"traffic light\" system of colours to enter public transport, shops, restaurants and malls. It was used 40 billion times between February and March. [ 37 ] In March 2021, an \"International Travel Health Certificate\" was created. [ 38 ]  In March 2021, [ 39 ]  the  government of China  rolled out the world's first [ 40 ]  COVID-19 vaccine passport system through a partnership [ 37 ]  with  Alipay  and  WeChat . The system provides a health certificate that includes an individual's vaccine status and the results of COVID-19 testing. [ 37 ] [ 40 ] [ 39 ]  Initially, the system would only indicate that an individual had been vaccinated if they received a Chinese-made coronavirus vaccine, leading to criticism, though by April 2021 the system began to accept records of receiving the  Pfizer-BioNTech ,  Moderna , and  Janssen  vaccines. [ 41 ]  As of March 2021, the app was optional and its use was restricted to  Chinese citizens . [ 37 ]  The digital health passport is intended to better facilitate travel. [ 42 ] [ 37 ]  Privacy advocates and Chinese  netizens  have expressed concerns regarding the potential invasive data collection and the use of data for non-health monitoring purposes. [ 37 ] [ 43 ] According to Minister of health and education requires passport number, Iranian national ID card code for issuing vaccine digital foreign travel card. [ 44 ] Iranian card Israel was one of the first countries to issue what is known as a  Green Pass  in February 2021. [ 45 ]  The pass was discontinued on 1 June 2021, [ 45 ]  but following a surge of new infections, it was reinstated on 29 July 2021. [ 46 ]  In October 2021, all existing  Green Passes  were voided if the most recent shot was administered more than 6 months ago. A new pass would be issued upon proof of a third (booster) dose or a recovery within the past 6 months. [ 47 ] [ 48 ]  A temporary  Green Pass  could also be obtained with a negative viral test, but must be paid for by the individual unless ineligible for vaccination. [ 49 ]  Starting 1 March 2022, most COVID-19 regulations were relaxed, and a  Green Pass  is now only required to enter old age homes. [ 50 ] On 19 July 2021, Japan began accepting applications for its COVID-19 vaccination passport program. When issued, the passports will be in paper form in both Japanese and English, showing the holder's date(s) of inoculation and the vaccine type, and are available free of charge. [ 51 ]  As of 20 December 2021, entry restrictions were relaxed for Japan vaccine passport holders in 76 countries. [ 52 ] Residents attending restaurants, cafes and public spaces like malls, shopping centres and markets must be fully vaccinated. The country uses the Tawakkalna app which includes information for health appointments, vaccination status and alerts users to COVID-19 exposure for  contact tracing  purposes. [ citation needed ] Since 10 August 2021, all residents dining out must be fully vaccinated by showing proof of vaccination using the TraceTogether or HealthHub app, or use the TraceTogether token. Proof of vaccination has been progressively implemented in almost all public venues since 13 October 2021, starting with shopping malls, retail shops, entertainment venues except bars, nightclubs and karaoke parlours, attractions, cruises and eateries. It has since been expanded to include large events, public libraries, selected events at community buildings and will be expanded to tertiary institutions, places of lodging, small events and workplaces from January 2022. [ citation needed ] On 1 November 2021, a vaccine passport system went into effect in  South Korea  as part of a \" living with COVID-19 \" strategy, requiring vaccination of all residents wishing to access high-risk areas such as bars, restaurants, gyms and saunas must be vaccinated. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] On 25 October 2021, the Taiwanese government announced that the digital COVID certificate system in the country had been completed. [ 55 ]  In December 2021, the system was also recognised by the EU as an equivalent of the EU Digital Covid Certificate. On 20 January 2022, Taiwan officially released the certificate and implemented rules that it be required before entering bars or karaoke alike. [ 56 ] The  European Union  offers an EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC), also known as the Green Pass, a digitally-signed proof of vaccination, proof of a recent recovery, or a recent negative test, for use when travelling within the  Schengen area  with fewer restrictions. [ citation needed ] On 19 October 2021, the caretaker Minister of Health of Bulgaria, Stoycho Katsarov, introduced the  Green Certificate  ( Bulgarian : Зелен Сертификат). Since 21 October 2021, all visitors to cinemas, theaters, concerts, museums, galleries, supermarkets over 300 square meters, fitness centers, gyms, restaurants and entertainment centers in  Bulgaria  have to prove that they are vaccinated, have a valid negative test from last 72 hours or have been ill recently. [ 57 ] [ 58 ]  The restrictions ended on 10 March 2022. [ 59 ] Denmark introduced a  Coronapas  on 21 April 2021. Those unvaccinated with a recently negative test of 72 hours or previous infection of COVID-19 of up to 12 weeks prior were included in the pass system. Due to the high uptake of vaccines, Denmark retired their system on 10 September 2021. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] France issued a  Health Pass  (or  Pass Sanitaire  in French) on 9 August 2021, for use in non-essential settings for those 18 and older. [ 62 ] [ 63 ]  To obtain the pass people must be fully vaccinated or undertake a test within 72 hours of attending a non-essential space or have recovered recently from an infection of the virus. [ 64 ]  The initial announcement of the pass system is believed to have encouraged an additional one million people to sign up for vaccination the day following the announcement, [ 63 ]  and is credited to encouraging a further 3.7 million people to sign up for vaccination in the following week. [ 65 ]   Starting 1 October 2021, those age 12 and older will require a  Pass Sanitaire  to enter public sites like restaurants, cinemas, and sporting events. [ 62 ] [ 66 ] The standard yellow vaccine booklet used in Germany. In Germany, proof of COVID vaccinations or recent recovery, is typically entered in the  International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis  ( German :  Impfausweis ), similar to how other vaccinations for other diseases are recorded. The entry in this booklet can be used to acquire an  EU Digital COVID Certificate , in accordance with EU Directive 2021\/953, effective 1 July 2021. [ 67 ] Outside of the application of the EUDCC, Hungary recognises  Kazakh [ 68 ]  and Indian [ 69 ]  vaccine passports.\n In July 2021,  Ireland  introduced a vaccine certificate program ( EU Digital COVID Certificate ) which allowed vaccinated individuals to attend cafes, bars and restaurants. Due to one of the highest uptakes of COVID-19 vaccines in the world, the Republic of Ireland (but not Northern Ireland) had plans to retire their vaccine passport program on 22 October 2021 however this was postponed due to increased COVID-19 cases and hospital numbers. [ 70 ] [ 71 ]  On 22 January 2022, the Republic of Ireland's vaccine passport programme was retired, except for international travel. [ 72 ] In August 2021 the Italian government extended the requirement of the  EU Digital COVID Certificate , also known as a Green Pass, to the participation in sports events and music festivals, but also to access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation. [ 73 ]  On 15 October 2021, Italy became the first country in the world to require its entire workforce, public and private, to have a government-issued health pass. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] On 1 December 2021 the Swedish government introduced vaccine passports for indoor events with more than 100 people. Indoor events with more than 100 participants who do not use vaccination certificates must follow specific guidelines to avoid spreading the disease. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] In  Ukraine , citizens with at least one dose of a vaccine are allowed to attend certain high-risk indoor settings which would normally be closed or heavily restricted in hot spots. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] Proof of vaccination programs exist in the  Home Nations  of the United Kingdom, with England and Wales referring to them as \"NHS COVID Pass\", Scotland as \" NHS Scotland  Covid Status\", [ 80 ]  and Northern Ireland as \"COVIDCert NI\". [ 81 ] [ 82 ]  By December 2021, all four nations had mandated proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in specific settings. The exact rules vary by nation, but they primarily applied to venues such as cinemas, nightclubs, and venues hosting large organized events (including but not limited to concerts and sporting events). [ 82 ] In September 2021, Secretary of Health  Sajid Javid  stated that England would not implement a mandate for proof of vaccination, following pushback from  Conservative  members of parliament and business leaders over potential discrimination and economic harm. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] [ 85 ] [ 86 ]  Prime Minister Boris Johnson subsequently stated that England would focus on a strategy of  contact tracing , rapid testing, and the rollout of vaccine boosters, and only included mandatory proof of vaccination in a package of \"plan B\" measures (including a reintroduction of mask mandates) in the event of another surge of COVID-19 cases. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] [ 89 ]  The spread of  Omicron variant  in England would lead to the implementation of \"plan B\", resulting in proof of vaccination for nightclubs and large events becoming mandatory beginning 15 December. [ 90 ]  These restrictions ended on 27 January 2022. [ 91 ] Residents wishing to attend events, bars, restaurants, and other dining establishments must present proof of vaccination. [ 92 ] Vaccine passport status in Canada:   No plans for a vaccine passport  Partial vaccine passport program in effect  Vaccine passport program in effect  Terminated vaccine passport An example proof of vaccination adhering to Canadian federal standards. The implementation of digital  proof of vaccination  in Canada has largely been conducted at the provincial and territorial level, with the federal government specifying the  SMART Health Card  document and QR code standard designed to be suitable for international travel. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ 95 ] As of November 2021, all ten provinces in Canada, and two of the three territories, had implemented or announced plans to implement a provincially-regulated vaccine passport. [ 93 ] Federal requirements and mandates Beginning 30 October 2021 proof of vaccination became mandatory for all passengers aged 12 and older boarding domestic and\/or international commercial airplanes departing from most Canada-based airports, and those riding on the cross-country  Via Rail  services. [ 96 ] [ 94 ] [ 97 ] Travellers by land (via the United States border) are required to be fully vaccinated to enter Canada and must provide a negative test 72-hours before land crossing. [ 98 ] [ 99 ]  An exception was made for essential workers, until January 15, 2022 when essential workers (mainly  truckers ) were required to be fully vaccinated to re-enter the country. [ 100 ]  In late-January 2022, a  convoy  to and demonstration in the federal capital of  Ottawa —supported primarily by far-right activists and groups—was held to protest this change. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] Alberta implemented the  Restrictions Exemption Program  (REP) from 20 September 2021 to 8 February 2022, after re-establishing a state of emergency on 15 September 2021. The government described the program as an opt-in system, allowing establishments to operate with fewer restrictions. Visitors at these establishments were required to present a proof of vaccination or a recent negative test. If a facility does not participate, or is prohibited from participating, it was required to comply with all public health orders, such as reduced capacity and\/or being prohibited from offering indoor dining. [ 104 ] Due to Omicron variant, even establishments participating in REP became subject to restrictions in December 2021, including restrictions on the capacity of large venues (50%), and restaurants subject to limits on table sizes, a prohibition on entertainment, and operating hours. [ 105 ] The city of  Calgary  passed a municipal bylaw on 23 September 2021 to mandate participation in REP by all industries that are eligible to do so. [ 106 ]  The bylaw ceased on 9 February 2022 due to the lifting of the REP by the provincial government. The city considered reimplementing the mandate at the municipal level (as have several U.S. cities ) but such a proposal was rejected by the city council committee. [ 107 ] Manitoba  was the first province to introduce a passport system in Canada on 17 July 2021. The passport requirement was removed for movie theatres, museums and galleries on 7 August 2021, [ 108 ]  only to be reinstated on 3 September 2021, upon Manitoba expanding its passport system. The province utilized physical  Immunization Cards  which faced supply shortages in production. [ 109 ] Quebec  was the second province to implement a  vaccine passport  system on 1 September 2021, using QR codes. [ 110 ] The  Northwest Territories  will implement an opt-in  vaccine passport  system on 22 October 2021 using original vaccination receipts. [ 111 ] British Columbia  has created a  Proof of vaccination  system which utilises a QR code. The system initially relied on paper receipts of the  BC vaccine receipt  and gradually migrated to a digital system. The QR code can also be physically printed out. [ 112 ] New Brunswick  requires a  Proof of Vaccination  system using original immunisation records. [ 113 ] Newfoundland and Labrador  has plans to release a QR code based system for their vaccine passport. [ 114 ] Nova Scotia  has a  Proof of Full Vaccination Policy  using original government issued proof of vaccination. [ 115 ] Ontario  introduced a vaccine passport system on 22 September 2021. The system initially relied on original vaccine paper receipts, but gradually began switching over to verifiable QR codes along with the introduction of the \"Verify Ontario\" mobile app on 22 October 2021. [ 116 ]   As of 4 January 2022, only vaccine receipts with verifiable QR codes and the \"Verify Ontario\" mobile app will be accepted at venues where proof of vaccine is required. [ 117 ] Prince Edward Island  uses the  PEI Vax Pass Program  using original government issued vaccination information. [ 118 ] Saskatchewan  has a  Proof of vaccination  mandate, effective from 1 October 2021 to 13 February 2022. [ 119 ] [ 120 ] [ 121 ] Yukon  territory will implement a passport system on 30 November 2021 to access non-essential indoor facilities. [ 122 ] A map showing which US states have proposed or implemented (green), banned (red), or partially banned (yellow) COVID-19 vaccine passports. Gray indicates that the state has neither implemented or banned COVID-19 vaccine passports. Also included is states that have significant localities with COVID-19 vaccine passports (Aqua). Green includes states which have created a vaccine passport mobile application, but the application is not mandated to be used in the public or private sector. As of October 2021, no US states had mandated use of vaccine passports. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ 125 ] [ 126 ] [ 127 ] [ 128 ] Although the  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  (CDC) issues a  COVID-19 vaccine card  that may be accepted as proof of vaccination (but is vulnerable to forgery and counterfeiting, and thus not a  verifiable  proof of vaccination), [ 129 ] [ 1 ]  the United States does not have a federal framework for a digital vaccine passport, and federal officials explicitly ruled out doing so, citing  privacy  and  human rights  concerns. This leaves their implementations up to individual states and territories. [ 8 ] Prior to the issue becoming politicised, public views on vaccine passports were evenly split and the divide crossed, rather than followed, political and ideological lines. [ 130 ]  Since then, criticism and conspiracy theories surrounding the vaccines in general, and in turn vaccine mandates, largely came from the  political right ; for example,  U.S. representative  for  Georgia's 14th congressional district Marjorie Taylor Greene , a Republican, asserted that requesting the disclosure of one's vaccine status was a violation of  data privacy rules  for the health care industry, even though said rules only apply to entities such as health insurers. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] [ 133 ] The state governments of California, Hawaii, Louisiana, New York, North Carolina, Delaware, and Virginia have each rolled out mechanisms where residents can choose to receive proof of COVID-19 vaccination in the form of a scannable QR code by linking to records within each state's immunization registry. [ 134 ] [ 135 ] [ 136 ]  Illinois has a Vax Verify website, where residents can download proof of COVID-19 vaccination for businesses that require it. [ 137 ]  In New Jersey, residents can obtain a digital COVID-19 vaccination record through its mobile app Docket; Governor  Phil Murphy  specifically avoided using the term \"vaccine passport\" to describe the service. [ 138 ] Each state credential has varying degrees of interoperability with other state and foreign governments; some states have closed systems, with QR codes that are only usable within the issuing state, and others have broad interoperability, with New York offering both types of credentials for its residents. [ 139 ]  Arizona, Maryland, Mississippi, North Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia have contracted with the organization MyIR that interfaces with governmental vaccination records to produce a PDF proof of vaccination, but has also moved toward scannable QR codes. Health departments in Indiana, Colorado, and Georgia can provide proof of vaccination in PDF form but not via a QR code. [ 140 ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ] At least 20 states have prohibited public agencies from issuing or requiring a vaccine passport, while Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas also made it illegal for any private entity to request proof of vaccination as a condition of service, under the assertion that they  discriminate  against those who have made a  personal choice  to not receive the vaccine. [ 1 ] [ 144 ] [ 145 ] [ 146 ] Los Angeles County  began a proof of vaccination system for indoor bars, restaurants, venues and nightclubs on 7 October 2021. [ 147 ] New York City  began its  Excelsior Pass  or  Key to NYC  vaccine passport system for dining, fitness, events and indoor entertainment on 13 September 2021. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] [ 150 ] New Orleans  began to require proof of vaccination or a negative test to enter indoor bars, restaurants, events, fitness, and sporting events on 16 August 2021. [ 151 ] In December 2020, the  Brazilian Senate  approved a document giving digital proof of all vaccinations – not just those in respect of COVID-19. However, the urgency for creating such a digital proof of vaccination came from the COVID-19 pandemic. [ 152 ] In May 2021, then Health Ministry Subsecretary,  Paula Daza , mandated the \"mobility pass\" ( pase de movilidad ) in gyms, restaurants and swimming pools. This document was given to people with two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, later it was upscaled to three doses and later on in the same year four doses were required, being one of the most drastic vaccines passports in the world. [ 153 ] [ 154 ]  Chile is the only country in the world with entry procedures such as requiring homologation of vaccines to travel to. [ 155 ] On 17 November 2021, the  New Zealand Government  launched a vaccine certificate called  My Vaccine Pass  for individuals who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The vaccine pass is required to enter hospitality venues, community, sport and faith-based gatherings as defined by the  COVID-19 Protection Framework .\nThey came into force on 29 November 2021. [ 156 ] [ 157 ]  On 23 November, the New Zealand Government launched the  NZ Pass Verifier  to scan the passes. [ 158 ] \nOn April 5, 2022, vaccine passes will no longer be required for most venues. [ 159 ] \nOn June 1, 2022, all vaccine passes will become invalid, and will no longer be required for any venue. [ 160 ] Arguments and controversy As of September 2021, the  World Health Organization  (WHO) acknowledged that mandatory COVID-19 vaccine passports would be discriminatory against countries with little access to vaccinations, but could eventually be considered for international travel when vaccine access improves. [ 161 ] In some jurisdictions, vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to mandate their use. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 162 ] [ 163 ] Ethical and social issues The ethical issues that arise in the acceptability of vaccine passports revolve around the policy objectives and the intended use. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]  The public health restriction on implementing vaccine passports limits the freedom of an individual to perform social activities. [ 164 ] Anti vaccine-mandate graffiti in  Toronto , Canada (2021) People who are privileged to receive the vaccination will have gained access to going back to normal life while low-income populations will remain disproportionately low on vaccinations which hinders their ability to participate in non-essential activities. [ 164 ] Due to the imbalance in the distribution of vaccines in the developing world, there are concerns about the inequity of vaccine passports for travellers. [ 161 ]  On 15 April 2021, the World Health Organization's emergency committee opposed vaccination passports, saying, \"States parties are strongly encouraged to acknowledge the potential for requirements of proof of vaccination to deepen inequities and promote differential freedom of movement\". [ 165 ] However, many countries may increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers when deciding to allow them entry or whether to require them to  quarantine . \"Some sort of vaccine certificate will be important\" to reboot travel and tourism, according to Dr.  David Nabarro , special envoy on COVID-19 for the WHO, in February 2021. [ 166 ] In March 2021, Bernardo Mariano, the WHO's Director of  Digital Health  and Innovation, said that \"We don't approve the fact that a vaccination passport should be a condition for travel.\" [ 167 ]  Lawmakers in several US states are also considering legislation to prohibit COVID-19 vaccination passports. [ 168 ] Ethical concerns  about vaccine passports have been raised by  Human Rights Watch  (HRW). [ 169 ]  According to HRW, requiring vaccine passports for work or travel could force people into taking tests or risk losing their jobs, [ 169 ]  create a  perverse incentive  for people to intentionally infect themselves to acquire immunity certificates, [ 169 ]  and risk creating a  black market  of forged or otherwise falsified vaccine cards. [ 169 ] By restricting social, civic, and economic activities, vaccine passports may \"compound existing gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality inequities.\" [ 170 ]  Immunity certificates also face privacy and human rights concerns. [ 171 ] A security vulnerability in the app used by New Jersey and Utah briefly made it possible to request the QR codes of other users, containing encoded name, date of birth, and vaccination history information. [ 172 ]  On 24 September 2021,  Saskatchewan Health Authority  stated that digital vaccine records obtained in the province between 19 and 24 September may have accidentally contained the wrong QR code for the specific user. [ 173 ] People may acquire a degree of  natural immunity  from SARS-CoV-2 when they are exposed to the live virus, and develop a primary  immune response  which produces  antibodies  that can recognize specific variants. [ 174 ]  As of May 2021, the  WHO  reported that more than 90% of individuals established recognizable antibodies within four weeks after an infection. For most people, these detectable antibodies roughly stay for at least 6–8 months. [ 175 ]  However, antibodies may not guarantee immunity from novel  variants and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 . The uncertainty of the science behind immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has raised issues over their applicability within passport frameworks. [ 174 ] [ 176 ] It has been argued that the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the  Carte Jaune  incentivize individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivize individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease. [ 170 ]","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages)\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vaccine+passports+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vaccine+passports+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Asia)\n    - [2\\.2.1 Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Azerbaijan)\n    - [2\\.2.2 China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#China)\n    - [2\\.2.3 Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Iran)\n    - [2\\.2.4 Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Israel)\n    - [2\\.2.5 Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Japan)\n    - [2\\.2.6 Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Saudi_Arabia)\n    - [2\\.2.7 Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Singapore)\n    - [2\\.2.8 South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#South_Korea)\n    - [2\\.2.9 Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Taiwan)\n  - [2\\.3 Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Europe)\n    - [2\\.3.1 European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#European_Union)\n      - [2\\.3.1.1 Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Bulgaria)\n      - [2\\.3.1.2 Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Denmark)\n      - [2\\.3.1.3 France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France)\n      - [2\\.3.1.4 Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Germany)\n      - [2\\.3.1.5 Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Hungary)\n      - [2\\.3.1.6 Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ireland)\n      - [2\\.3.1.7 Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Italy)\n      - [2\\.3.1.8 Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Sweden)\n      - [2\\.3.1.9 Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ukraine)\n      - [2\\.3.1.10 United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#United_Kingdom)\n      - [2\\.3.1.11 North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#North_Macedonia)\n  - [2\\.4 North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#North_America)\n    - [2\\.4.1 Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Canada)\n    - [2\\.4.2 Federal requirements and mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Federal_requirements_and_mandates)\n      - [2\\.4.2.1 Alberta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Alberta)\n      - [2\\.4.2.2 Manitoba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Manitoba)\n      - [2\\.4.2.3 Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Quebec)\n      - [2\\.4.2.4 Northwest Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Northwest_Territories)\n      - [2\\.4.2.5 Other provinces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Other_provinces)\n    - [2\\.4.3 United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#United_States)\n      - [2\\.4.3.1 Los Angeles County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Los_Angeles_County)\n      - [2\\.4.3.2 New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_York_City)\n      - [2\\.4.3.3 New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_Orleans)\n  - [2\\.5 South America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#South_America)\n    - [2\\.5.1 Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil)\n    - [2\\.5.2 Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Chile)\n  - [2\\.6 Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Oceania)\n    - [2\\.6.1 New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_Zealand)\n- [3 Arguments and controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Arguments_and_controversy)\n  Toggle Arguments and controversy subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Effect on vaccine uptake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Effect_on_vaccine_uptake)\n  - [3\\.2 Ethical and social issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ethical_and_social_issues)\n  - [3\\.3 Digital privacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Digital_privacy)\n  - [3\\.4 Vaccination certificates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Vaccination_certificates)\n  - [3\\.5 Natural immunity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Natural_immunity)\n- [4 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#See_also)\n- [5 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#References)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic\n7 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_19 \"جوازات سفر اللقاح خلال جائحة كوفيد 19 – Arabic\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B0%B1%EC%8B%A0_%EC%97%AC%EA%B6%8C \"코로나19 백신 여권 – Korean\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passaporti_vaccinali_durante_la_pandemia_da_COVID-19 \"Passaporti vaccinali durante la pandemia da COVID-19 – Italian\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koronasertifikat \"Koronasertifikat – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koronapassi \"Koronapassi – Finnish\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97_COVID-19 \"Паспорти вакцинації під час пандемії COVID-19 – Ukrainian\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%E1%BB%99_chi%E1%BA%BFu_vaccine \"Hộ chiếu vaccine – Vietnamese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q108883056#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- 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Each \"ball\" is an atom.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/94\/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png\/250px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png \"Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each \\\"ball\\\" is an atom.\") Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. 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\"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") 2021 [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") 2022 [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023\") |\n| [Locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") [By country and territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\") [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica\") [Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asia\") [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Europe\") [North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in North America\") [Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania\") [South America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in South America\") By conveyance [Cruise ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships\") [Naval ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships\") |\n| International response [Endemic phase](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19 \"Endemic phase of COVID-19\") [Evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Face masks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [International aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Origin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Origin_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Origin of SARS-CoV-2\") [Lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") [by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country \"COVID-19 lockdowns by country\") [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation \"COVID-19 misinformation\") [by governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments \"COVID-19 misinformation by governments\") [Fake treatments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 \"List of unproven methods against COVID-19\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation \"Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation\") [Travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [WTO IP waiver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver \"TRIPS Agreement waiver\") [Undercounting of deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country \"Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country\") [COVID-19 apps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_apps \"COVID-19 apps\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") [National responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19 \"Chinese government response to COVID-19\") [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [UK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [federal government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| Medical response [Disease testing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing \"COVID-19 testing\") [Breathalyzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_breathalyzer \"Coronavirus breathalyzer\") [Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Development_of_COVID-19_tests \"Development of COVID-19 tests\") [Drug development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_development \"COVID-19 drug development\") [Drug repurposing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research \"COVID-19 drug repurposing research\") [Public health mitigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 \"Public health mitigation of COVID-19\") [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") [History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development \"History of COVID-19 vaccine development\") [Research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research \"COVID-19 vaccine clinical research\") [VITT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination \"Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination\") [Deployment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") [Authorizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations \"List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations\") [Operation Warp Speed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Warp_Speed \"Operation Warp Speed\") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy \"COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States\") [Vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") [Vaccine passports]() Current vaccines [CoronaVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoronaVac \"CoronaVac\") [Covaxin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covaxin \"Covaxin\") [Convidecia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convidecia \"Convidecia\") [Janssen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine \"Janssen COVID-19 vaccine\") [Medigen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine \"MVC COVID-19 vaccine\") [Moderna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Moderna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Novavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Novavax COVID-19 vaccine\") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine \"Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine\") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sinopharm BIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Variants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\") [Variants of concern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern \"SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern\") [Alpha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\") [Beta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\") [Gamma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\") [Delta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\") [Omicron](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") Other variants [Epsilon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\") [Zeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\") [Eta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\") [Theta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\") [Iota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\") [Kappa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant\") [Lambda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\") [Mu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\") [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Lineage B.1.617](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 \"SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617\") |\n| [Economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") and [recession](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_recession \"COVID-19 recession\") [Arts and culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage\") [Aviation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation\") [Cannabis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry\") [Cinema](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema\") [films](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Disney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company\") [Fashion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry\") [Financial markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Food industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry\") [Food security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Journalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism\") [Music](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry\") [Performing arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts\") [Retail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail\") [Shipping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping \"2021–2022 global supply chain crisis\") [Television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States\") [sportscasting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting\") [programs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism\") [Video games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry\") By country [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [UK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [By sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports\") [Association football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football\") [Baseball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball\") [Basketball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball\") [Combat sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports\") [Cricket](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket\") [Disc golf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf\") [Gaelic games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games\") [Gridiron football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football\") [Ice hockey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey\") [Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport\") [Rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league\") |\n| [Impacts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Neurological and psychological symptoms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes \"Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes\") [Post-exertional malaise](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post-exertional_malaise \"Post-exertional malaise\") [Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [African diaspora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_African_diaspora \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African diaspora\") [Animals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals \"COVID-19 pandemic and animals\") [Alzheimer's disease patients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19 \"Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19\") [Crime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime\") [Death rates by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country \"COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country\") [Disability](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities\") [Domestic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence\") [Emergency evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education\") [Female](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education\") [Environment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment\") [Hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals\") [Language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [LGBTQ community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBTQ_community \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBTQ community\") [Long-term care](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities\") [Media coverage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Mental health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Migration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration\") [Military](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military\") [Notable deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 \"List of deaths due to COVID-19\") [Other health issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues\") [Popular culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture \"COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture\") [Protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Pregnancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_in_pregnancy \"COVID-19 in pregnancy\") [Prisons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons\") [Religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion\") [Catholic Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church\") [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj\") [Science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\") [Social media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media\") [Strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Suicides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates\") [Telehealth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry\") [Xenophobia and racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Politics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [UK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |\n| [![virus icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4d\/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg\/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:SARS-CoV-2_\\(Wikimedia_colors\\).svg) [COVID-19 portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:COVID-19 \"Portal:COVID-19\") |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar \"Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar \"Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar\") |\n\nA **vaccine passport** or **proof of vaccination** is an [immunity passport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immunity_passport \"Immunity passport\") employed as a credential[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1) in countries and jurisdictions as part of efforts to control the [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") via [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\"). A vaccine passport is typically issued by a government or health authority, and usually consists of a digital or printed record. Some credentials may include a scannable [QR code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QR_code \"QR code\"), which can also be provisioned via [mobile app](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mobile_app \"Mobile app\"). It may or may not use a [COVID-19 vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") as a basis of authentication.\n\nThe use of vaccine passports is based on the general presumption that a vaccinated individual would be less likely to transmit [SARS-CoV-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2 \"SARS-CoV-2\") to others, and less likely to experience a severe outcome (hospitalization or death) [if they were to be infected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakthrough_infection \"Breakthrough infection\"), thus making it relatively safer for them to congregate. A vaccine passport is typically coordinated with policies enforced by individual businesses, or enforceable public health orders, that require patrons to present proof of vaccination for COVID-19 as a condition of entry or service.\n\nGovernment-mandated use of vaccine passports typically applies to discretionary public spaces and events (such as indoor restaurants, bars, or large-scale in-person events, such as [concerts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concert \"Concert\") and [sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports \"Sports\")), and not essential businesses, such as retail stores or health care. In [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France \"France\"), [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy \"Italy\"),[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto6-2) [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland \"Republic of Ireland\"),[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-3) and [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada \"Canada\"),[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto7-4) vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to introduce vaccine passports. An intention by some jurisdictions is to prevent future [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") and restrictions.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-5)\n\nVaccine passports are controversial and have raised scientific, ethical and legal concerns.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:10-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:1-7) Critics have also argued that vaccine passports violate civil liberties via [coercion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coercion \"Coercion\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:0-8) In the [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"), there is no vaccine passport at a federal level, and some US states have preemptively banned vaccine passports in certain public and private sector contexts, citing discrimination and privacy concerns.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto13-9) [England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/England \"England\") initially decided against mandating vaccine passports due to worries that discrimination and economic harm would occur, but later joined the other nations of the United Kingdom in mandating vaccine passports due to the threat of the [Omicron variant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\").\n\n## History and background\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png\/500px-World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png)\n\nCountries by percentage of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Date is at the bottom of the map.\n\nMany governments, including Finland[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto9-10) and Germany,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto8-11) expressed early interest in the concept. Vaccine passports were seen as a potential way to permit a faster economic recovery from large-scale [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") that apply to all residents (especially within the travel and tourism industries), improve the confidence of patrons concerned for their health and safety, and to incentivize vaccination in order for a population to potentially reach \"[herd immunity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herd_immunity \"Herd immunity\")\".[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-12)[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-13)\n\nIn May 2020, Chile started issuing \"release certificates\" to patients who had recovered from COVID-19, but \"the documents will not yet certify immunity\".[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-14) Many governments including Finland,[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto9-10) Germany,[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto8-11) the United Kingdom,[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-15) and the United States[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-16) expressed interest in the concept.\n\nThe [Royal Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Society \"Royal Society\") published a report on 19 February 2021[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-17) where a lead author of the report, Professor Melinda Mills, Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at the University of Oxford said: “Understanding what a vaccine passport could be used for is a fundamental question – is it literally a passport to allow international travel or could it be used domestically to allow holders greater freedoms? The intended use will have significant implications across a wide range of legal and ethical issues that need to be fully explored and could inadvertently discriminate or exacerbate existing inequalities.” The report lists 12 essential criteria for an international standard.\n\nOn 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecma_International \"Ecma International\") announced its intention to create an international standard which prevents counterfeits and protects private data as much as possible in a \"Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization\" [\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto5-18) that referenced the earlier report from the UK's Royal Society. In August 2021, Ecma International announced revisions to Ecma-417 (Architectures for distributed real-time access systems) relevant to standards for vaccine passports.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto4-19)\n\nAn early advocate of immunity passports during the COVID-19 pandemic was [Sam Rainsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sam_Rainsy \"Sam Rainsy\"), the Cambodian opposition leader. In exile and under confinement in Paris, he proposed immunity passports as a way to help restart the economy in a series of articles which he began in March 2020 and published in *The Geopolitics* and *The Brussels Times*.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-20)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-21)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-22) The proposals were also published in French.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-23) The idea became increasingly relevant as evidence of lasting acquired immunity became clear.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-24)\n\nProponents of the idea such as [Sam Rainsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sam_Rainsy \"Sam Rainsy\"), co-founder of the opposition [Cambodia National Rescue Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party \"Cambodia National Rescue Party\") (CNRP) have argued that immunity, whether acquired naturally or through vaccination, is a resource which needs to be used to limit the impact of the pandemic on the global economy.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-25) Many people in Cambodia depend entirely for their living on a tourism industry which has been wiped out. Poor countries can also benefit from recording immunological status as this will reduce wastage of scarce vaccines. The immunity passport proposed by Rainsy was effectively adopted in the EU under the name of \"health pass\".[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-26)\n\nAs of 4 April 2021,[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit) it was not yet clear whether vaccinated people that remain asymptomatic are still contagious and are thus silent spreaders of the virus putting unvaccinated people at risk. \"A lot of people are thinking that once they get vaccinated, they’re not going to have to wear masks anymore,\" said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University. \"It’s really going to be critical for them to know if they have to keep wearing masks, because they could still be contagious.\"[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-27)\n\nIn January 2021, Israel announced that Israelis who had received their second vaccination and those who had proof of recovery from infection would be eligible for a [Green Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_Pass \"Green Pass\"), exempting them from isolation requirements[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-28) and mandatory COVID-19 tests, including those on arrival from overseas.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-globes-29) In February 2021, Israel became one of the first countries to implement a vaccine passport system, dubbed the *Green Pass*. They are required in order to access venues such as gyms, hotels, bars, and restaurants.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-30)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-31)[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:23-32) In October 2021, Israel announced an update to its guidelines, requiring that the most recent vaccine dose (or proof of recovery) to have been during the past six months. This change made Israel the first country to make a booster shot a requirement for its vaccine passport system.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-33)\n\n## By region\nSee also: [Vaccination policy § Table](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_policy#Table \"Vaccination policy\")\n\n### Africa\n#### Morocco\nMain article: [COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco\")\n\nIn August 2021, Morocco established a nightly [curfew](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curfew \"Curfew\") between 23:00 and 04:30, exempting those fully vaccinated.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-34) The curfew was lifted in November 2021.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-35)\n\n### Asia\n#### Azerbaijan\nSee also: [COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan\")\n\nBeginning on 1 September 2021, Azerbaijan required proof of vaccination for people over 18 to enter virtually all public spaces, and a national mandate of 1 October required vaccination of all state-regulated workers.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-36)\n\n#### China\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in China\")\n\nIn February 2020, China started to use digital \"health codes\", available on a variety of platforms including [WeChat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WeChat \"WeChat\") and [Alipay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alipay \"Alipay\") with scannable QR barcodes displaying a \"traffic light\" system of colours to enter public transport, shops, restaurants and malls. It was used 40 billion times between February and March.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37)\n\nIn March 2021, an \"International Travel Health Certificate\" was created.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-38) In March 2021,[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:5-39) the [government of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_China \"Government of China\") rolled out the world's first[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:4-40) COVID-19 vaccine passport system through a partnership[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) with [Alipay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alipay \"Alipay\") and [WeChat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WeChat \"WeChat\"). The system provides a health certificate that includes an individual's vaccine status and the results of COVID-19 testing.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:4-40)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:5-39) Initially, the system would only indicate that an individual had been vaccinated if they received a Chinese-made coronavirus vaccine, leading to criticism, though by April 2021 the system began to accept records of receiving the [Pfizer-BioNTech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\"), [Moderna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Moderna COVID-19 vaccine\"), and [Janssen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine \"Janssen COVID-19 vaccine\") vaccines.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-41) As of March 2021, the app was optional and its use was restricted to [Chinese citizens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_nationality_law \"Chinese nationality law\").[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) The digital health passport is intended to better facilitate travel.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-42)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) Privacy advocates and Chinese [netizens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netizen \"Netizen\") have expressed concerns regarding the potential invasive data collection and the use of data for non-health monitoring purposes.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37)[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-43)\n\n#### Iran\nAccording to Minister of health and education requires passport number, Iranian national ID card code for issuing vaccine digital foreign travel card.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-44)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg\/250px-Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg)\n\nIranian card\n#### Israel\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel \"COVID-19 vaccination in Israel\")\n\nIsrael was one of the first countries to issue what is known as a [Green Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_Pass \"Green Pass\") in February 2021.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto3-45) The pass was discontinued on 1 June 2021,[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto3-45) but following a surge of new infections, it was reinstated on 29 July 2021.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-46) In October 2021, all existing *Green Passes* were voided if the most recent shot was administered more than 6 months ago. A new pass would be issued upon proof of a third (booster) dose or a recovery within the past 6 months.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto2-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-48) A temporary *Green Pass* could also be obtained with a negative viral test, but must be paid for by the individual unless ineligible for vaccination.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-49) Starting 1 March 2022, most COVID-19 regulations were relaxed, and a *Green Pass* is now only required to enter old age homes.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-50)\n\n#### Japan\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Japan\")\n\nOn 19 July 2021, Japan began accepting applications for its COVID-19 vaccination passport program. When issued, the passports will be in paper form in both Japanese and English, showing the holder's date(s) of inoculation and the vaccine type, and are available free of charge.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-51) As of 20 December 2021, entry restrictions were relaxed for Japan vaccine passport holders in 76 countries.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-52)\n\n#### Saudi Arabia\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia\")\n\nResidents attending restaurants, cafes and public spaces like malls, shopping centres and markets must be fully vaccinated. The country uses the Tawakkalna app which includes information for health appointments, vaccination status and alerts users to COVID-19 exposure for [contact tracing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contact_tracing \"Contact tracing\") purposes.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n#### Singapore\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\")\n\nSince 10 August 2021, all residents dining out must be fully vaccinated by showing proof of vaccination using the TraceTogether or HealthHub app, or use the TraceTogether token. Proof of vaccination has been progressively implemented in almost all public venues since 13 October 2021, starting with shopping malls, retail shops, entertainment venues except bars, nightclubs and karaoke parlours, attractions, cruises and eateries. It has since been expanded to include large events, public libraries, selected events at community buildings and will be expanded to tertiary institutions, places of lodging, small events and workplaces from January 2022.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n#### South Korea\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea\")\n\nOn 1 November 2021, a vaccine passport system went into effect in [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\") as part of a \"[living with COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Living_with_COVID-19 \"Living with COVID-19\")\" strategy, requiring vaccination of all residents wishing to access high-risk areas such as bars, restaurants, gyms and saunas must be vaccinated.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-53)[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-54)\n\n#### Taiwan\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan\")\n\nOn 25 October 2021, the Taiwanese government announced that the digital COVID certificate system in the country had been completed.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-55) In December 2021, the system was also recognised by the EU as an equivalent of the EU Digital Covid Certificate. On 20 January 2022, Taiwan officially released the certificate and implemented rules that it be required before entering bars or karaoke alike.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-56)\n\n### Europe\n#### European Union\nMain article: [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\")\n\nThe [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\") offers an EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC), also known as the Green Pass, a digitally-signed proof of vaccination, proof of a recent recovery, or a recent negative test, for use when travelling within the [Schengen area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schengen_area \"Schengen area\") with fewer restrictions.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n##### Bulgaria\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria\")\n\nOn 19 October 2021, the caretaker Minister of Health of Bulgaria, Stoycho Katsarov, introduced the *Green Certificate* ([Bulgarian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgarian_language \"Bulgarian language\"): Зелен Сертификат). Since 21 October 2021, all visitors to cinemas, theaters, concerts, museums, galleries, supermarkets over 300 square meters, fitness centers, gyms, restaurants and entertainment centers in [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulgaria \"Bulgaria\") have to prove that they are vaccinated, have a valid negative test from last 72 hours or have been ill recently.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-57)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-58) The restrictions ended on 10 March 2022.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-59)\n\n##### Denmark\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark\")\n\nDenmark introduced a *Coronapas* on 21 April 2021. Those unvaccinated with a recently negative test of 72 hours or previous infection of COVID-19 of up to 12 weeks prior were included in the pass system. Due to the high uptake of vaccines, Denmark retired their system on 10 September 2021.[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-60)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-61)\n\n##### France\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France \"COVID-19 vaccination in France\")\n\nFrance issued a *Health Pass* (or *Pass Sanitaire* in French) on 9 August 2021, for use in non-essential settings for those 18 and older.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto1-62)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto-63) To obtain the pass people must be fully vaccinated or undertake a test within 72 hours of attending a non-essential space or have recovered recently from an infection of the virus.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-64) The initial announcement of the pass system is believed to have encouraged an additional one million people to sign up for vaccination the day following the announcement,[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto-63) and is credited to encouraging a further 3.7 million people to sign up for vaccination in the following week.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-65) Starting 1 October 2021, those age 12 and older will require a *Pass Sanitaire* to enter public sites like restaurants, cinemas, and sporting events.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto1-62)[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-66)\n\n##### Germany\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany \"COVID-19 vaccination in Germany\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Internationaler_Impfausweis.png\/250px-Internationaler_Impfausweis.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Internationaler_Impfausweis.png)\n\nThe standard yellow vaccine booklet used in Germany.\n\nIn Germany, proof of COVID vaccinations or recent recovery, is typically entered in the [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis \"International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis\") ([German](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_language \"German language\"): *Impfausweis*), similar to how other vaccinations for other diseases are recorded. The entry in this booklet can be used to acquire an [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\"), in accordance with EU Directive 2021\/953, effective 1 July 2021.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-67)\n\n##### Hungary\nOutside of the application of the EUDCC, Hungary recognises [Kazakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakhstan \"Kazakhstan\")[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-68) and Indian[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-69) vaccine passports.\n\n##### Ireland\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\")\n\nIn July 2021, [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Ireland \"Republic of Ireland\") introduced a vaccine certificate program ([EU Digital COVID Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\")) which allowed vaccinated individuals to attend cafes, bars and restaurants. Due to one of the highest uptakes of COVID-19 vaccines in the world, the Republic of Ireland (but not Northern Ireland) had plans to retire their vaccine passport program on 22 October 2021 however this was postponed due to increased COVID-19 cases and hospital numbers.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-70)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-71) On 22 January 2022, the Republic of Ireland's vaccine passport programme was retired, except for international travel.[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-72)\n\n##### Italy\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy \"COVID-19 vaccination in Italy\") and [COVID-19 pandemic in Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\")\n\nIn August 2021 the Italian government extended the requirement of the [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#European_Union), also known as a Green Pass, to the participation in sports events and music festivals, but also to access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-73) On 15 October 2021, Italy became the first country in the world to require its entire workforce, public and private, to have a government-issued health pass.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-74)[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-75)\n\n##### Sweden\nOn 1 December 2021 the Swedish government introduced vaccine passports for indoor events with more than 100 people. Indoor events with more than 100 participants who do not use vaccination certificates must follow specific guidelines to avoid spreading the disease.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-76)[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-77)\n\n##### Ukraine\nMain article: [COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine\")\n\nIn [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine \"Ukraine\"), citizens with at least one dose of a vaccine are allowed to attend certain high-risk indoor settings which would normally be closed or heavily restricted in hot spots.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-78)[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-79)\n\n##### United Kingdom\nMain article: [COVID passports in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_passports_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID passports in the United Kingdom\")\n\nProof of vaccination programs exist in the [Home Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Nations \"Home Nations\") of the United Kingdom, with England and Wales referring to them as \"NHS COVID Pass\", Scotland as \"[NHS Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Scotland \"NHS Scotland\") Covid Status\",[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-80) and Northern Ireland as \"COVIDCert NI\".[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-81)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:6-82) By December 2021, all four nations had mandated proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in specific settings. The exact rules vary by nation, but they primarily applied to venues such as cinemas, nightclubs, and venues hosting large organized events (including but not limited to concerts and sporting events).[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:6-82)\n\nIn September 2021, Secretary of Health [Sajid Javid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sajid_Javid \"Sajid Javid\") stated that England would not implement a mandate for proof of vaccination, following pushback from [Conservative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conservative_Party_\\(UK\\) \"Conservative Party (UK)\") members of parliament and business leaders over potential discrimination and economic harm.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-83)[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-84)[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-85)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-86) Prime Minister Boris Johnson subsequently stated that England would focus on a strategy of [contact tracing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contact_tracing \"Contact tracing\"), rapid testing, and the rollout of vaccine boosters, and only included mandatory proof of vaccination in a package of \"plan B\" measures (including a reintroduction of mask mandates) in the event of another surge of COVID-19 cases.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-BBCExplainer-87)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-88)[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-89) The spread of [Omicron variant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Omicron_variant \"Omicron variant\") in England would lead to the implementation of \"plan B\", resulting in proof of vaccination for nightclubs and large events becoming mandatory beginning 15 December.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-90) These restrictions ended on 27 January 2022.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-91)\n\n##### North Macedonia\nSee also: [COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia\")\n\nResidents wishing to attend events, bars, restaurants, and other dining establishments must present proof of vaccination.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-92)\n\n### North America\n#### Canada\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/26\/Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg\/250px-Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg)\n\nVaccine passport status in Canada:\n\nNo plans for a vaccine passport\n\nPartial vaccine passport program in effect\n\nVaccine passport program in effect\n\nTerminated vaccine passport\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/2\/24\/Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg\/250px-Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg)\n\nAn example proof of vaccination adhering to Canadian federal standards.\n\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\")\n\nThe implementation of digital *proof of vaccination* in Canada has largely been conducted at the provincial and territorial level, with the federal government specifying the [SMART Health Card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SMART_Health_Card \"SMART Health Card\") document and QR code standard designed to be suitable for international travel.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-gilmore-93)[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-can-pov-94)[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-95)\n\nAs of November 2021, all ten provinces in Canada, and two of the three territories, had implemented or announced plans to implement a provincially-regulated vaccine passport.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-gilmore-93)\n\n#### Federal requirements and mandates\nBeginning 30 October 2021 proof of vaccination became mandatory for all passengers aged 12 and older boarding domestic and\/or international commercial airplanes departing from most Canada-based airports, and those riding on the cross-country [Via Rail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Via_Rail \"Via Rail\") services.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-96)[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-can-pov-94)[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-97)\n\nTravellers by land (via the United States border) are required to be fully vaccinated to enter Canada and must provide a negative test 72-hours before land crossing.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-98)[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-99) An exception was made for essential workers, until January 15, 2022 when essential workers (mainly [truckers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truckers \"Truckers\")) were required to be fully vaccinated to re-enter the country.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-100) In late-January 2022, a [convoy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freedom_Convoy_2022 \"Freedom Convoy 2022\") to and demonstration in the federal capital of [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ottawa \"Ottawa\")—supported primarily by far-right activists and groups—was held to protest this change.[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-TStarTruckers-101)[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-BayNewsMuddies-102)[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto42-103)\n\n##### Alberta\nAlberta implemented the **Restrictions Exemption Program** (REP) from 20 September 2021 to 8 February 2022, after re-establishing a state of emergency on 15 September 2021. The government described the program as an opt-in system, allowing establishments to operate with fewer restrictions. Visitors at these establishments were required to present a proof of vaccination or a recent negative test. If a facility does not participate, or is prohibited from participating, it was required to comply with all public health orders, such as reduced capacity and\/or being prohibited from offering indoor dining.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-104)\n\nDue to Omicron variant, even establishments participating in REP became subject to restrictions in December 2021, including restrictions on the capacity of large venues (50%), and restaurants subject to limits on table sizes, a prohibition on entertainment, and operating hours.[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-105)\n\nThe city of [Calgary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calgary \"Calgary\") passed a municipal bylaw on 23 September 2021 to mandate participation in REP by all industries that are eligible to do so.[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-106) The bylaw ceased on 9 February 2022 due to the lifting of the REP by the provincial government. The city considered reimplementing the mandate at the municipal level (as have[several U.S. cities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Mandates_for_entry_to_private_facilities \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\")) but such a proposal was rejected by the city council committee.[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-107)\n\n##### Manitoba\n[Manitoba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba\") was the first province to introduce a passport system in Canada on 17 July 2021. The passport requirement was removed for movie theatres, museums and galleries on 7 August 2021,[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-108) only to be reinstated on 3 September 2021, upon Manitoba expanding its passport system. The province utilized physical *Immunization Cards* which faced supply shortages in production.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-109)\n\n##### Quebec\n[Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec\") was the second province to implement a *vaccine passport* system on 1 September 2021, using QR codes.[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Vaxicode-110)\n\n##### Northwest Territories\nThe [Northwest Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories\") will implement an opt-in *vaccine passport* system on 22 October 2021 using original vaccination receipts.[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-10-18-111)\n\n##### Other provinces\n- [British Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia\") has created a *Proof of vaccination* system which utilises a QR code. The system initially relied on paper receipts of the *BC vaccine receipt* and gradually migrated to a digital system. The QR code can also be physically printed out.[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-112)\n- [New Brunswick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick\") requires a *Proof of Vaccination* system using original immunisation records.[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-113)\n- [Newfoundland and Labrador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador\") has plans to release a QR code based system for their vaccine passport.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-09-20-114)\n- [Nova Scotia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia\") has a *Proof of Full Vaccination Policy* using original government issued proof of vaccination.[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-115)\n- [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") introduced a vaccine passport system on 22 September 2021. The system initially relied on original vaccine paper receipts, but gradually began switching over to verifiable QR codes along with the introduction of the \"Verify Ontario\" mobile app on 22 October 2021.[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-116) As of 4 January 2022, only vaccine receipts with verifiable QR codes and the \"Verify Ontario\" mobile app will be accepted at venues where proof of vaccine is required.[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-117)\n- [Prince Edward Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island\") uses the *PEI Vax Pass Program* using original government issued vaccination information.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-118)\n- [Saskatchewan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") has a *Proof of vaccination* mandate, effective from 1 October 2021 to 13 February 2022.[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:38-119)[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-120)[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-121)\n- [Yukon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon\") territory will implement a passport system on 30 November 2021 to access non-essential indoor facilities.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-10-15-122)\n#### United States\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\")\n\n[![Map showing (1) California, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Delaware and Virginia have implemented COVID-19 vaccine passports; (2) Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming have banned COVID-19 passports; (3) that Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Missouri, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Utah have partially banned COVID-19 vaccine passports; (4) that Washington has a significant locality that has implemented a COVID-19 passport](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg\/250px-COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg)\n\nA map showing which US states have proposed or implemented (green), banned (red), or partially banned (yellow) COVID-19 vaccine passports. Gray indicates that the state has neither implemented or banned COVID-19 vaccine passports. Also included is states that have significant localities with COVID-19 vaccine passports (Aqua). Green includes states which have created a vaccine passport mobile application, but the application is not mandated to be used in the public or private sector. As of October 2021, no US states had mandated use of vaccine passports.[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-123)[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-124)[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-125)[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-126)[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-127)[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-128)\n\nAlthough the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\") (CDC) issues a [COVID-19 vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") that may be accepted as proof of vaccination (but is vulnerable to forgery and counterfeiting, and thus not a *verifiable* proof of vaccination),[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-129)[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1) the United States does not have a federal framework for a digital vaccine passport, and federal officials explicitly ruled out doing so, citing [privacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Privacy \"Privacy\") and [human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights \"Human rights\") concerns. This leaves their implementations up to individual states and territories.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:0-8)\n\nPrior to the issue becoming politicised, public views on vaccine passports were evenly split and the divide crossed, rather than followed, political and ideological lines.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-130) Since then, criticism and conspiracy theories surrounding the vaccines in general, and in turn vaccine mandates, largely came from the [political right](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conservatism_in_the_United_States \"Conservatism in the United States\"); for example, [U.S. representative](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_House_of_Representatives \"United States House of Representatives\") for [Georgia's 14th congressional district](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgia%27s_14th_congressional_district \"Georgia's 14th congressional district\") [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene \"Marjorie Taylor Greene\"), a Republican, asserted that requesting the disclosure of one's vaccine status was a violation of [data privacy rules](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act \"Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act\") for the health care industry, even though said rules only apply to entities such as health insurers.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-131)[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-132)[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-133)\n\nThe state governments of California, Hawaii, Louisiana, New York, North Carolina, Delaware, and Virginia have each rolled out mechanisms where residents can choose to receive proof of COVID-19 vaccination in the form of a scannable QR code by linking to records within each state's immunization registry.[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-134)[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-135)[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-136) Illinois has a Vax Verify website, where residents can download proof of COVID-19 vaccination for businesses that require it.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-137) In New Jersey, residents can obtain a digital COVID-19 vaccination record through its mobile app Docket; Governor [Phil Murphy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phil_Murphy \"Phil Murphy\") specifically avoided using the term \"vaccine passport\" to describe the service.[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-138)\n\nEach state credential has varying degrees of interoperability with other state and foreign governments; some states have closed systems, with QR codes that are only usable within the issuing state, and others have broad interoperability, with New York offering both types of credentials for its residents.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-139) Arizona, Maryland, Mississippi, North Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia have contracted with the organization MyIR that interfaces with governmental vaccination records to produce a PDF proof of vaccination, but has also moved toward scannable QR codes. Health departments in Indiana, Colorado, and Georgia can provide proof of vaccination in PDF form but not via a QR code.[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-140)[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-141)[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-142)[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-143)\n\nAt least 20 states have prohibited public agencies from issuing or requiring a vaccine passport, while Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas also made it illegal for any private entity to request proof of vaccination as a condition of service, under the assertion that they [discriminate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discrimination \"Discrimination\") against those who have made a [personal choice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liberty \"Liberty\") to not receive the vaccine.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1)[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-144)[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:20-145)[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-146)\n\n##### Los Angeles County\n[Los Angeles County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_County \"Los Angeles County\") began a proof of vaccination system for indoor bars, restaurants, venues and nightclubs on 7 October 2021.[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-147)\n\n##### New York City\n[New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") began its *Excelsior Pass* or *Key to NYC* vaccine passport system for dining, fitness, events and indoor entertainment on 13 September 2021.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-148)[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-149)[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-150)\n\n##### New Orleans\n[New Orleans](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Orleans \"New Orleans\") began to require proof of vaccination or a negative test to enter indoor bars, restaurants, events, fitness, and sporting events on 16 August 2021.[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-151)\n\n### South America\n#### Brazil\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil\")\n\nIn December 2020, the [Brazilian Senate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazilian_Senate \"Brazilian Senate\") approved a document giving digital proof of all vaccinations – not just those in respect of COVID-19. However, the urgency for creating such a digital proof of vaccination came from the COVID-19 pandemic.[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-152)\n\n#### Chile\nSee also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chile \"COVID-19 vaccination in Chile\")\n\nIn May 2021, then Health Ministry Subsecretary, [Paula Daza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paula_Daza \"Paula Daza\"), mandated the \"mobility pass\" (*pase de movilidad*) in gyms, restaurants and swimming pools. This document was given to people with two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, later it was upscaled to three doses and later on in the same year four doses were required, being one of the most drastic vaccines passports in the world.[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-153)[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-154) Chile is the only country in the world with entry procedures such as requiring homologation of vaccines to travel to.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-155)\n\n### Oceania\n#### New Zealand\nMain article: [My Vaccine Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/My_Vaccine_Pass \"My Vaccine Pass\")\n\nOn 17 November 2021, the [New Zealand Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_Government \"New Zealand Government\") launched a vaccine certificate called *My Vaccine Pass* for individuals who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The vaccine pass is required to enter hospitality venues, community, sport and faith-based gatherings as defined by the [COVID-19 Protection Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand#Traffic_light_system \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\"). They came into force on 29 November 2021.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-RNZ_My_Vaccine_Pass-156)[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-ODT_My_Vaccine_Pass-157) On 23 November, the New Zealand Government launched the [NZ Pass Verifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_Pass_Verifier \"NZ Pass Verifier\") to scan the passes.[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-158)  \n On April 5, 2022, vaccine passes will no longer be required for most venues.[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-159) On June 1, 2022, all vaccine passes will become invalid, and will no longer be required for any venue.[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-160)\n\n## Arguments and controversy\nAs of September 2021, the [World Health Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization \"World Health Organization\") (WHO) acknowledged that mandatory COVID-19 vaccine passports would be discriminatory against countries with little access to vaccinations, but could eventually be considered for international travel when vaccine access improves.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-css-161)\n\n### Effect on vaccine uptake\nIn some jurisdictions, vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to mandate their use.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto6-2)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto7-4)[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-162)[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-163)\n\n### Ethical and social issues\nThe ethical issues that arise in the acceptability of vaccine passports revolve around the policy objectives and the intended use.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:10-6)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:1-7) The public health restriction on implementing vaccine passports limits the freedom of an individual to perform social activities.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:9-164)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_%282021%29.png\/250px-Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_%282021%29.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_\\(2021\\).png)\n\nAnti vaccine-mandate graffiti in [Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toronto \"Toronto\"), Canada (2021)\n\nPeople who are privileged to receive the vaccination will have gained access to going back to normal life while low-income populations will remain disproportionately low on vaccinations which hinders their ability to participate in non-essential activities.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:9-164)\n\nDue to the imbalance in the distribution of vaccines in the developing world, there are concerns about the inequity of vaccine passports for travellers.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-css-161) On 15 April 2021, the World Health Organization's emergency committee opposed vaccination passports, saying, \"States parties are strongly encouraged to acknowledge the potential for requirements of proof of vaccination to deepen inequities and promote differential freedom of movement\".[\\[165\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-165)\n\nHowever, many countries may increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers when deciding to allow them entry or whether to require them to [quarantine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quarantine \"Quarantine\"). \"Some sort of vaccine certificate will be important\" to reboot travel and tourism, according to Dr. [David Nabarro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Nabarro \"David Nabarro\"), special envoy on COVID-19 for the WHO, in February 2021.[\\[166\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-166)\n\nIn March 2021, Bernardo Mariano, the WHO's Director of [Digital Health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_health \"Digital health\") and Innovation, said that \"We don't approve the fact that a vaccination passport should be a condition for travel.\"[\\[167\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-167) Lawmakers in several US states are also considering legislation to prohibit COVID-19 vaccination passports.[\\[168\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-168)\n\n[Ethical concerns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_ethics \"Medical ethics\") about vaccine passports have been raised by [Human Rights Watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_Rights_Watch \"Human Rights Watch\") (HRW).[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) According to HRW, requiring vaccine passports for work or travel could force people into taking tests or risk losing their jobs,[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) create a [perverse incentive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perverse_incentive \"Perverse incentive\") for people to intentionally infect themselves to acquire immunity certificates,[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) and risk creating a [black market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_market \"Black market\") of forged or otherwise falsified vaccine cards.[\\[169\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169)\n\nBy restricting social, civic, and economic activities, vaccine passports may \"compound existing gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality inequities.\"[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan-170) Immunity certificates also face privacy and human rights concerns.[\\[171\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-171)\n\n### Digital privacy\nA security vulnerability in the app used by New Jersey and Utah briefly made it possible to request the QR codes of other users, containing encoded name, date of birth, and vaccination history information.[\\[172\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-172) On 24 September 2021, [Saskatchewan Health Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saskatchewan_Health_Authority \"Saskatchewan Health Authority\") stated that digital vaccine records obtained in the province between 19 and 24 September may have accidentally contained the wrong QR code for the specific user.[\\[173\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-173)\n\n### Vaccination certificates\nMain article: [COVID-19 vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\")\n\n### Natural immunity\nPeople may acquire a degree of [natural immunity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immunity_\\(medical\\) \"Immunity (medical)\") from SARS-CoV-2 when they are exposed to the live virus, and develop a primary [immune response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immune_response \"Immune response\") which produces [antibodies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antibody \"Antibody\") that can recognize specific variants.[\\[174\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:62-174) As of May 2021, the [WHO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") reported that more than 90% of individuals established recognizable antibodies within four weeks after an infection. For most people, these detectable antibodies roughly stay for at least 6–8 months.[\\[175\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:72-175) However, antibodies may not guarantee immunity from novel [variants and mutations of SARS-CoV-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\"). The uncertainty of the science behind immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has raised issues over their applicability within passport frameworks.[\\[174\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:62-174)[\\[176\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan2-176)\n\nIt has been argued that the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the *[Carte Jaune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination \"International Certificate of Vaccination\")* incentivize individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivize individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\\[170\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan-170)\n\n## See also\n- [COVID-19 vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\")\n- [COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\")\n- [Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\")\n- [Electronic health record](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_health_record \"Electronic health record\")\n- [Living with COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Living_with_COVID-19 \"Living with COVID-19\")\n- [Patient record access](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patient_record_access \"Patient record access\")\n- [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel \"Vaccination requirements for international travel\")\n## References\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-2)\n   [\"FAQ: What Is A Vaccine 'Passport,' And What Are These Credentials Used For?\"](https:\/\/www.gpb.org\/news\/2021\/04\/08\/faq-what-vaccine-passport-and-what-are-these-credentials-used-for). *Georgia Public Broadcasting*. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto6_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto6_2-1)\n   Hart, Robert. [\"Vaccine Passports Spur Explosion In Vaccinations—And Protests—As Europe Cracks Down On Vaccine Holdouts\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/roberthart\/2021\/07\/27\/explosion-in-vaccinations-and-protests-follow-health-pass-announcements-as-europe-cracks-down-on-vaccine-holdouts\/). *Forbes*.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Covid-19: Irish vaccine passports 'accelerated' jab uptake\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-58722878). *BBC News*. 2 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto7_4-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto7_4-1)\n   [\"With vaccine passports around the corner, Niagara sees increase in vaccination appointments; 55 new COVID cases Sunday\"](https:\/\/www.stcatharinesstandard.ca\/news\/niagara-region\/2021\/09\/04\/with-vaccine-passports-around-the-corner-niagara-sees-increase-in-vaccination-appointments.html). *stcatharinesstandard.com*. 4 September 2021.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-5)**\n   Ali Raza (30 August 2021). [\"Vaccine passports crucial to prevent future COVID-19 lockdowns, hospitality industry says\"](https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/toronto\/vaccine-certificates-hospitality-lockdowns-1.6158987). CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2021.\n6. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:10_6-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:10_6-1)\n   Voo TC, Reis AA, Thomé B, Ho CW, Tam CC, Kelly-Cirino C, et al. (February 2021). [\"Immunity certification for COVID-19: ethical considerations\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7856365). *Bulletin of the World Health Organization*. **99** (2): 155–161\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.2471\/blt.20.280701](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471%2Fblt.20.280701). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7856365](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7856365). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [33551509](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33551509).\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:1_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:1_7-1)\n   Dada, Sara; Battles, Heather; Pilbeam, Caitlin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Solomon, Tom; Gobat, Nina (27 September 2021). [\"Learning from the past & present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation\"](https:\/\/researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/4663947\/1\/s41599-021-00898-4.pdf) (PDF). *Humanities and Social Sciences Communications*. **8** (1): 1–9\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1057\/s41599-021-00898-4](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057%2Fs41599-021-00898-4). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [2662-9992](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/2662-9992).\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:0_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:0_8-1)\n   [\"Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56657194). *BBC News*. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto13_9-0)**\n   [\"Vaccine passports: 10 states with digital credentials & 20 states with bans\"](https:\/\/www.beckershospitalreview.com\/consumerism\/vaccine-passports-7-states-with-digital-credentials-21-states-with-bans.html). *beckershospitalreview.com*. September 2021.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto9_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto9_10-1)\n    Mutanen A. [\"Suomalaiset tutkijat kehittivät vasta-ainetestin, joka paljastaa, kuka on jo sairastanut koronaviruksen\"](https:\/\/www.hs.fi\/tiede\/art-2000006450798.html). *Helsingin Sanomat* (in Finnish). Retrieved 1 May 2020.\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto8_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto8_11-1)\n    Day, Joel (1 April 2020). [\"Coronavirus breakthrough: Germany roll outs promising antibody test to end lockdown\"](https:\/\/www.express.co.uk\/news\/world\/1263131\/coronavirus-europe-angela-merkel-germany-latest-antibody-test-nhs-news-vaccine). *Daily Express*. Retrieved 1 May 2020.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-12)**\n    [\"Travelling this summer? You will likely need a vaccine passport\"](https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/economy\/2021\/5\/4\/g-20-nations-set-to-back-covid-vaccine-passports). Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 September 2021.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-13)**\n    Asi, Yara M. (13 March 2021). [\"The pros and cons of vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/90614712\/the-pros-and-cons-of-vaccine-passports). *Fast Company*. Retrieved 24 September 2021.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"In reversal, Chile says coronavirus release certificates will not prove immunity\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-chile\/in-reversal-chile-says-coronavirus-release-certificates-will-not-prove-immunity-idUSKBN22B2ZY). *Reuters*. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"Britain looking at COVID-19 immunity certificates but more research needed\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201004153050\/https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/world\/coronavirus-covid-19-united-kingdom-immunity-certificate-12604182). Channel NewsAsia. 3 April 2020. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/world\/coronavirus-covid-19-united-kingdom-immunity-certificate-12604182) on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-16)**\n    Lofgren K (10 April 2020). [\"Anthony Fauci Says Government Is Discussing Immunity Cards For Coronavirus Survivors\"](https:\/\/www.inquisitr.com\/5990370\/coronavirus-id-fauci\/). *Inquistr*. Retrieved 1 May 2020.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"12 challenges for vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/news\/2021\/02\/12-challenges-for-vaccine-passports\/). The Royal Society. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021. \"\"International standardisation is one of the criteria we believe essential, but we have already seen some countries introducing vaccine certificates related to travel or linked to quarantine or attending events. We need a broader discussion about multiple aspects of a vaccine passport, from the science of immunity through to data privacy, technical challenges and the ethics and legality of how it might be used.\" The report sets out 12 criteria that need to be satisfied in order to deliver a vaccine passport. A vaccine passport should: 1) Meet benchmarks for COVID-19 immunity 2) Accommodate differences between vaccines in their efficacy, and changes in vaccine efficacy against emerging variants 3) Be internationally standardised 4) Have verifiable credentials 5) Have defined uses 6) Be based on a platform of interoperable technologies 7) Be secure for personal data 8) Be portable 9) Be affordable to individuals and governments 10) Meet legal standards 11) Meet ethical standards 12) Have conditions of use that are understood and accepted by the passport holders\"\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto5_18-0)**\n    [\"Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization\"](https:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/news\/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization\/). *Ecma International*. 12 April 2021.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto4_19-0)**\n    [\"Standard on vaccine passport\"](https:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ECMA-417.pdf) (PDF). *Ecma International*. 9 August 2021.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-20)**\n    Rainsy S (27 March 2020). [\"How to Prevent COVID-19 From Paralysing the World's Economy\"](https:\/\/thegeopolitics.com\/how-to-prevent-covid-19-from-paralysing-the-worlds-economy\/). *The Geopolitics*. Retrieved 26 February 2021.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-21)**\n    Rainsy S (12 April 2020). [\"Immunity Passports: A proposal to revive tourism, international trade and transport\"](https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/opinion\/105720\/immunity-passports-a-proposal-to-revive-tourism-international-trade-and-transport-and-the-world-economy\/). *The Brussels Times*. Retrieved 26 February 2021.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"International Immunity Passports Can Help Restore Freedom of Movement\"](https:\/\/thegeopolitics.com\/international-immunity-passports-can-help-restore-freedom-of-movement\/). *The Geopolitics*. 8 April 2020.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"CAMBODGE – CORONAVIRUS: L'appel de Sam Rainsy pour des passeports «immunitaires afin de combattre l'épidémie mondiale de Covid 19\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210709192248\/http:\/\/www.gavroche-thailande.com\/actualites\/ailleurs-en-asie\/111853-cambodge-coronavirus-l-appel-de-sam-rainsy-pour-des-passeports-immunitaires-afin-de-combattre-l-epidemie-mondiale-de-covid-19). *gavroche-thailande.com* (in French). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.gavroche-thailande.com\/actualites\/ailleurs-en-asie\/111853-cambodge-coronavirus-l-appel-de-sam-rainsy-pour-des-passeports-immunitaires-afin-de-combattre-l-epidemie-mondiale-de-covid-19) on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-24)**\n    Mandavilli A (17 November 2020). [\"Immunity to the Coronavirus May Last Years, New Data Hint\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/11\/17\/health\/coronavirus-immunity.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 26 February 2021.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"Opinion \\| Covid-19 recoveries: From immunity passport to health pass\"](https:\/\/www.brusselstimes.com\/opinion\/169895\/covid-19-recoveries-from-immunity-passport-to-health-pass\/). *The Brussels Times*. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-26)**\n    [\"Immunity Passports Arrive Under a Different Name\"](https:\/\/thegeopolitics.com\/immunity-passports-arrive-under-a-different-name\/). 21 May 2021.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-27)**\n    Mandavilli A (8 December 2020). [\"Here's Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/12\/08\/health\/covid-vaccine-mask.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*. Retrieved 4 April 2021. \"In most respiratory infections, including the new coronavirus, the nose is the main port of entry. The virus rapidly multiplies there, jolting the immune system to produce a type of antibodies that are specific to mucosa, the moist tissue lining the nose, mouth, lungs and stomach. If the same person is exposed to the virus a second time, those antibodies, as well as immune cells that remember the virus, rapidly shut down the virus in the nose before it gets a chance to take hold elsewhere in the body. The coronavirus vaccines, in contrast, are injected deep into the muscles and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. This appears to be enough protection to keep the vaccinated person from getting ill. Some of those antibodies will circulate in the blood to the nasal mucosa and stand guard there, but it's not clear how much of the antibody pool can be mobilized, or how quickly. 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[PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32380041](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32380041).\n171. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-171)**\n     [\"Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-56657194). *BBC News*. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021. \"\"The government is not now, nor will be, supporting a system that requires Americans to carry a credential,\" she said. \"Our interest is very simple from the federal government, which is Americans' privacy and rights should be protected.\"\n172. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-172)**\n     [\"A security bug in health app Docket exposed COVID-19 vaccine records\"](https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2021\/10\/27\/docket-vaccine-records-covid-security\/). *TechCrunch*. 27 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.\n173. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-173)**\n     [\"QR codes removed from Sask. vaccination records due to privacy breach\"](https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/regina\/article\/qr-codes-removed-from-sask-vaccination-records-due-to-privacy-breach\/). *CTV News Regina*. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2021.\n174. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:62_174-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:62_174-1)\n     Greely HT (25 July 2020). [\"COVID-19 immunity certificates: science, ethics, policy, and law\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7313854). *Journal of Law and the Biosciences*. **7** (1): lsaa035. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/jlb\/lsaa035](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Fjlb%2Flsaa035). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7313854](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7313854). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32839671](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32839671).\n175. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:72_175-0)**\n     [\"COVID-19 natural immunity\"](https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Natural_immunity-2021.1). World Health Organization. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.\n176. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-Phelan2_176-0)**\n     Phelan AL (May 2020). [\"COVID-19 immunity passports and vaccination certificates: scientific, equitable, and legal challenges\"](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). *Lancet*. **395** (10237): 1595–1598\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31034-5](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2931034-5). [PMC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMC_\\(identifier\\) \"PMC (identifier)\") [7198144](https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7198144). [PMID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PMID_\\(identifier\\) \"PMID (identifier)\") [32380041](https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32380041).\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic \"Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic \"Special:EditPage\/Template:COVID-19 pandemic\")[COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19 \"COVID-19\")** (disease) **[SARS-CoV-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2 \"SARS-CoV-2\")** (virus) |   |\n| [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Pre-pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS \"SARS\") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MERS \"MERS\") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crimson_Contagion \"Crimson Contagion\") [Disease X](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disease_X \"Disease X\") [Event 201](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201 \"Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security\") [Exercise Cygnus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exercise_Cygnus \"Exercise Cygnus\") [2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019\") |\n| 2020 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020\") |\n| 2021 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021\") |\n| 2022 | [January](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022\") [February](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022\") [March](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022\") [April](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022\") [May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022\") [June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022\") [July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022\") [August](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022\") [September](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022\") [October](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 \"Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022\") [November](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022\") [December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022\") |\n| 2023 | [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023\") |\n| [Locations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")([timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa \"COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa\") [national responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa\")) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Northern | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Libya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Libya\") [Mauritania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco\") [Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia\") [Western Sahara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara\") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic\") |\n| Eastern | [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti\") [Eritrea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea\") [Ethiopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia\") [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya\") [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar\") [Mauritius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Rwanda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda\") [Seychelles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles \"COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles\") [Somalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia\") [Puntland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland\") [Somaliland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland\") [South Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan\") [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania\") [Uganda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda\") |\n| Southern | [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola \"COVID-19 pandemic in Angola\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini\") [Lesotho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho\") [Malawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique\") [Namibia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa\") [list of deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa \"List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa\") [Zambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Central | [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon\") [Central African Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chad\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo\") [Gabon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon\") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe\") |\n| Western | [Benin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Benin\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea\") [Gambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana\") timeline 2020 [March–July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\\(March%E2%80%93July_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)\") [August–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\\(August%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") impact [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea\") [Guinea-Bissau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau\") [Ivory Coast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast\") [Liberia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia\") [Mali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mali\") [Niger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niger\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal\") [Sierra Leone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone\") [Togo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Togo\") |\n| [Asia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Central\/North | [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") impact [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan\") [Turkmenistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan\") |\n| East |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan\") [Tokyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo\") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics\") [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Macau\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan\") [respirator diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") |   |\n| [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") | [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China \"COVID-19 lockdown in China\") [detail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing \"COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing\") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics \"COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics\") [Heilongjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang\") [Henan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Henan\") [Hubei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei\") [Inner Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia\") [Liaoning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning\") [Shanghai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai \"COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai\") [2022 outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak \"2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak\") [Sichuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan\") [Tibet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet\") [Xinjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang \"COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang\") |\n| [South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan\") [Maldives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka\") |   |\n| [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in India\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [lockdown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India \"COVID-19 lockdown in India\") [migrant workers' crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") timeline 2020 [January–May](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\\(January%E2%80%93May_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)\") [June–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\\(June%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)\") [union government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") [SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia\") [state government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Vaccine Maitri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Maitri \"Vaccine Maitri\") |   |\n| By location | [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands\") [Andhra Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh\") [Arunachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh\") [Assam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Assam\") [Bihar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar\") [Chandigarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh\") [Chhattisgarh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh\") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu\") [Delhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi\") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi\") [Goa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Goa\") [Gujarat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat\") [Haryana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana\") [Himachal Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh\") [Jammu and Kashmir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir\") [Jharkhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand\") [Karnataka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka \"COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka\") [Kerala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala\") [Ladakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh\") [Lakshadweep](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep\") [Madhya Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh\") [Maharashtra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra\") [Manipur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur\") [Meghalaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya \"COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya\") [Mizoram](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram\") [Nagaland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland\") [Odisha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha \"COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha\") [Puducherry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry\") [Punjab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India \"COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India\") [Rajasthan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan\") [Sikkim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim\") [Tamil Nadu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu\") [Telangana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana\") [Tripura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura\") [Uttar Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh\") [Uttarakhand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand\") [West Bengal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal\") |\n| [Southeast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia\") timeline [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)\") [social restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions \"Indonesia large-scale social restrictions\") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement \"Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos \"COVID-19 pandemic in Laos\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)\") [circuit breaker response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures \"2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand\") [Timor-Leste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste \"COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") | impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Aid and relief efforts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [movement control order](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_movement_control_order \"Malaysian movement control order\") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia \"2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\\(2023\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [Johor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Johor\") [Kuala Lumpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur\") [Sabah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah\") [Sarawak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak\") [Selangor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor \"COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor\") |\n| [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [community quarantines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines\") [Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon \"Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon\") [evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [testing controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy \"Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Bangsamoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro\") [Bicol Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region\") [Cagayan Valley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley\") [Calabarzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon\") [Caraga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga\") [Central Luzon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon\") [Central Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas\") [Cordillera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region\") [Davao Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region\") [Eastern Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas\") [Ilocos Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region\") [Metro Manila](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila \"COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila\") [Mimaropa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa\") [Northern Mindanao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao\") [Soccsksargen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen\") [Western Visayas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas\") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula \"COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula\") [Overseas Filipinos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| West | [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\\(country\\) \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)\") [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia\") [South Ossetia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iran\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq\") [Kurdistan Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel \"COVID-19 pandemic in Israel\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan\") [Kuwait](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oman\") [Palestine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine \"COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine\") [Qatar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia \"COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Syria\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates\") [Yemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen\") |\n| [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Europe\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)\") [January–June 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)\") [July–December 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)\") [January–June 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)\") [July–December 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\\(2023\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)\") [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") [Operation Rescript](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Rescript \"Operation Rescript\") [contracts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom\") impact [social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") |   |\n| By location | [England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England \"COVID-19 pandemic in England\") timeline 2020 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London \"COVID-19 pandemic in London\") [local lockdown regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England \"COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England\") [first tier regulations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England \"First COVID-19 tier regulations in England\") [Northern Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)\") [Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)\") [Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wales\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)\") [Crown Dependencies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies\") [Isle of Man](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man\") [Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey\") [Guernsey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey\") [Overseas territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia\") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory\") [Gibraltar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar\") |\n| Eastern | [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova\") [Gagauzia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia\") [Transnistria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") timeline [January–June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)\") [July–December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)\") [government responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine\") [Crimea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea\") [Sevastopol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol\") |\n| Western Balkans | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Kosovo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo\") [Montenegro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro\") [North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia\") |\n| [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Austria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austria\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus\") [Northern Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus \"COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus\") [Czech Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark\") [Faroe Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands\") [Estonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia\") [Finland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Finland\") [Åland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land \"COVID-19 pandemic in Åland\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France \"COVID-19 pandemic in France\") [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union \"COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Mayotte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte\") [Normandy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany \"COVID-19 pandemic in Germany\") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy \"COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Latvia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia\") [Lithuania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania\") [Luxembourg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg \"COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg\") [Malta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Malta\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Poland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Poland\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania\") [Slovakia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia\") [Slovenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain\") [Asturias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias \"COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias\") [Canary Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands\") [Ceuta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta\") [Community of Madrid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid\") [Melilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Operation Gloria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Gloria \"Operation Gloria\") |\n| EFTA countries | [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland\") [Liechtenstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein \"COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norway\") [Svalbard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard \"COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland\") |\n| Microstates | [Andorra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra \"COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra\") [Monaco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco\") [San Marino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino \"COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino\") [Vatican City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City\") |\n| [North America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in North America\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Atlantic | [Bermuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda\") [Greenland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland\") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon\") |\n| Canada | [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [federal aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Canada_vaccinations_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Canada vaccinations by province\") [military response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Laser \"Operation Laser\") [Atlantic Bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Bubble \"Atlantic Bubble\") [Alberta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta\") [British Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia \"COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia\") [Manitoba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba\") [New Brunswick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick\") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador\") [Northwest Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories\") [Nova Scotia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia\") [Nunavut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)\") [Ottawa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa\") [Peel Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel\") [Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto \"COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto\") [York Region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York\") [Provincial government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario \"Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario\") [Vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Prince Edward Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec\") [Montreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal\") [boroughs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Saskatchewan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan\") [Yukon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon\") |\n| Caribbean |   |\n|   |   |\n| Countries | [Antigua and Barbuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda\") [Bahamas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas\") [Barbados](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados \"COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba\") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base\") [Dominica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic\") [Grenada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti\") [Jamaica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica\") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis\") [Saint Lucia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia\") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines\") [Trinidad and Tobago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago\") |\n| [British Overseas Territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories\") | [Anguilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla \"COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla\") [British Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands\") [Cayman Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands\") [Montserrat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat\") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands\") [response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Broadshare \"Operation Broadshare\") |\n|   |   |\n| [Aruba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba\") [Curaçao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao \"COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao\") [Sint Maarten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten\") |   |\n| Caribbean Netherlands | [Bonaire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire\") [Saba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saba\") [Sint Eustatius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius \"COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius\") |\n| French West Indies | [Guadeloupe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe\") [Martinique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique \"COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique\") [Saint Barthélemy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy \"COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy\") [Saint Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin\") |\n| US insular areas | [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") |\n| Central America | [Belize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize \"COVID-19 pandemic in Belize\") [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica\") [El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador \"COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador\") [Guatemala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala\") [Honduras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras \"COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico\") [vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Panama\") |\n| [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Trump administration communication](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [2021 hospital crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 \"2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19\") |   |\n| [responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [federal government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [state and local governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [California government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [New York government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Texas government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council \"Eastern States Multi-state Council\") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact \"Midwest Governors Regional Pact\") [Western States Pact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_States_Pact \"Western States Pact\") |\n| By location | [Alabama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama\") [Alaska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska\") [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Arizona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona\") [Navajo Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation\") [Arkansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas\") [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California\") [S.F. Bay Area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area \"COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area\") [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado\") [Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut \"COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut\") [Delaware](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware \"COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware\") [Florida](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida \"COVID-19 pandemic in Florida\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\\(U.S._state\\) \"COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Idaho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho \"COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho\") [Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois \"COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois\") [Indiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana\") [Iowa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa\") [Kansas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas\") [Kentucky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky\") [Louisiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana\") [Maine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maine\") [Maryland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland\") [Massachusetts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts\") [Boston](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston\") [Michigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan \"COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan\") [Minnesota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota \"COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota\") [Mississippi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi \"COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi\") [Missouri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri \"COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri\") [Montana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Montana\") [Nebraska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska\") [Nevada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada\") [New Hampshire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire\") [New Jersey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey\") [New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico\") [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\\(state\\) \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)\") [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City\") [North Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina\") [North Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Ohio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio\") [Columbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio \"COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio\") [Oklahoma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma\") [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon\") [Portland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon \"COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon\") [Pennsylvania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania\") [Philadelphia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia\") [Puerto Rico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico \"COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico\") [Rhode Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island\") [South Carolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina\") [South Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota\") [Tennessee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee\") [Texas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas\") [Austin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas \"COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas\") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands\") [Utah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah \"COVID-19 pandemic in Utah\") [Vermont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont\") [Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia\") [Washington](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\\(state\\) \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)\") [Washington, D.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. \"COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.\") [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak \"White House COVID-19 outbreak\") [West Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia \"COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia\") [Wisconsin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin\") [Wyoming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming\") |\n| [Oceania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [American Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa\") [Cook Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Federated States of Micronesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji\") [French Polynesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia\") [Guam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guam\") [Hawaii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii\") [Kiribati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati \"COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati\") [Marshall Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands\") [Nauru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru\") [New Caledonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia\") [Niue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue \"COVID-19 pandemic in Niue\") [Northern Mariana Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands\") [Palau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Palau\") [Papua New Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea \"COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea\") [Bougainville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville\") [Pitcairn Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands\") [Samoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa \"COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa\") [Solomon Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands\") [Tokelau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau\") [Tonga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga\") [Tuvalu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu\") [Vanuatu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu \"COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu\") [Wallis and Futuna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna \"COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna\") |   |\n| [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Australia\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)\") 2021 [January–June](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)\") [July–December](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)\") [Australian Capital Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory\") [Christmas Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island\") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\\(Keeling\\)_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands\") [New South Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales \"COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales\") [Norfolk Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island\") [Northern Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory\") [Queensland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland \"COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland\") [South Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia\") [Tasmania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania \"COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania\") [Victoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria \"COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria\") [Western Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia\") |\n| [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") | timeline [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\\(2020\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\\(2021\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\\(2022\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\\(2023\\) \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)\") [economic impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [government response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Alert levels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand\") [Traffic light system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Protection_Framework \"COVID-19 Protection Framework\") [social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [managed isolation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand\") |\n| [South America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America \"COVID-19 pandemic in South America\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina\") [human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Bolivia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil\") [São Paulo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\\(state\\) \"COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile\") [Easter Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island \"COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia \"Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia\") [Ecuador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador \"COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador\") [Falkland Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands \"COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands\") [French Guiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana \"COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana\") [Guyana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana \"COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [statistics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru \"Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru\") [Cusco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco\") [Suriname](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname \"COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay \"COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay\") [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela \"COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela\") |\n| Others | [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica\") [Cruise ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships\") [*Diamond Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess\") [*Grand Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess \"COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess\") [Naval ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships \"COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships\") [*Charles de Gaulle*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle \"COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle\") [USS *Theodore Roosevelt*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt \"COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt\") |\n| [Impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Culture and  entertainment |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Arts and cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage\") | [References in popular culture](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture \"COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture\") [Cinema](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema\") [films affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Corona-chan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-chan \"Corona-chan\") [Disney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company\") [Fashion industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry\") [Music industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry\") [Performing arts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts\") [Television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States\") [U.S. sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting\") [programs affected](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Video games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry\") |\n| [Education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Female education](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education\") [Homeschooling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom\") [exam grading controversy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy \"2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States\") |\n| [Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Bio-secure bubble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bio-secure_bubble \"Bio-secure bubble\") |   |\n| By country | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports\") |\n| By sport | [Association football](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football\") [Baseball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball\") [Basketball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball\") [NBA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season \"Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season\") [Combat sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports\") [Cricket](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket\") [Disc golf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf\") [Gaelic games](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games\") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football\") [Ice hockey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey\") [Motorsport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport\") [Rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league\") |\n| Society  and rights |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Social impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Social media](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media\") [Stigma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 \"Social stigma associated with COVID-19\") [COVID-19 parties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pox_party#COVID-19_party \"Pox party\") [Children](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children\") [foster care in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States\") [Pandemic baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_baking \"Pandemic baking\") |\n| Labor | [Healthcare workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers\") [Indian migrant workers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Great Resignation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Resignation \"Great Resignation\") [Strikes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Human rights](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina\") [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong#Protests \"COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong\") [Myanmar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat \"2021 Myanmar coup d'état\") [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History \"COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea\") [Turkmenistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0 \"COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan\") |\n| Legal | [Abortion in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States\") [Crime](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime\") [Domestic violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence\") [Prisons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons\") [U.S. immigration detention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention \"COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention\") |\n| Minority | [Gender](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [LGBT community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community\") [African communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities\") [Disability community](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities\") [Native American communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities\") [Xenophobia and racism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Religion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion\") | [Catholic Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church\") [Hajj](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj\") |\n| [Economic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Charitable activity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [COVID-19 scams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_scams \"COVID-19 scams\") [Travel restrictions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| By country | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland\") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment \"COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia\") [U.K.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom\") [U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") |\n| By industry | [Aviation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport\") [Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Cannabis industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry\") [Food industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry\") [meat industry in Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada\") [meat industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States\") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States\") [Hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals\") [ICU capacity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity\") [Long-term care facilities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities\") [Mink farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Public transport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport\") [Retail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism\") |\n| Supply and trade | [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Chip supply](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage \"2020–2023 global chip shortage\") [Energy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis \"2021–2023 global energy crisis\") [Global supply chain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis \"2021–2023 global supply chain crisis\") [Oil price war](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war \"2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war\") [Food security](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic\") |\n| [Financial markets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Global stock market crash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_stock_market_crash \"2020 stock market crash\") [COVID-19 recession](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_recession \"COVID-19 recession\") [Inflation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge \"2021–2022 inflation surge\") |\n| Information |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Journalism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism\") [Media coverage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Wikipedia's response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation \"COVID-19 misinformation\") | [Governments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments \"COVID-19 misinformation by governments\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China \"COVID-19 misinformation by China\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States \"COVID-19 misinformation by the United States\") By country [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada \"COVID-19 misinformation in Canada\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines\") [Ivermectin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic\") *[Plandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plandemic \"Plandemic\")* |\n| [Politics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National responses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Legislation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation \"List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation\") [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic\") |   |\n| [Political impact](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia\") |\n| [Protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Abkhazia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Abkhazia_unrest \"2021 Abkhazia unrest\") [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/17A \"17A\") [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia \"COVID-19 protests in Australia\") [Convoy to Canberra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convoy_to_Canberra \"Convoy to Canberra\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Azerbaijani_protests \"2020 Azerbaijani protests\") [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests \"2020–2021 Belarusian protests\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Brussels_protests \"2022 Brussels protests\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [2020 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Brazilian_protests \"2020 Brazilian protests\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Brazilian_protests \"2021 Brazilian protests\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests \"2020–2021 Bulgarian protests\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada \"COVID-19 protests in Canada\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canada_convoy_protest \"Canada convoy protest\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests \"2019–2022 Chilean protests\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China \"2022 COVID-19 protests in China\") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest \"2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest\") [healthcare reform protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests \"2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [2021 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Colombian_protests \"2021 Colombian protests\") [2022 protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Colombian_protests \"2022 Colombian protests\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Cuban_protests \"2021 Cuban protests\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France \"Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Yellow vests protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_vests_protests \"Yellow vests protests\") [labor protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_French_labor_protests \"2021 French labor protests\") [French West Indies social unrest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies \"2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies\") [convoy protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/France_convoy_protest \"France convoy protest\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany \"COVID-19 protests in Germany\") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting \"2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Greek_protests \"2021 Greek protests\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel \"COVID-19 protests in Israel\") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu \"2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy \"Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy\") [Mongolia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Mongolian_protests \"2021 Mongolian protests\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands \"COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands\") [curfew riots](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots \"2021 Dutch curfew riots\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 protests in New Zealand\") [Wellington protest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Wellington_protest \"2022 Wellington protest\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Paraguayan_protests \"2021 Paraguayan protests\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests \"2020–2022 Serbian protests\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Tunisian_protests \"2021 Tunisian protests\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 protests in the United States\") [Open the States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open_the_States \"Open the States\") |\n| [International relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations\") | [Aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy \"International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy\") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Nicaragua–Taiwan relations](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q6104900 \"d:Q6104900\") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan \"Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan\") [Vaccine diplomacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_diplomacy \"Vaccine diplomacy\") |\n| [Language](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic\") | [Anthropause](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthropause \"Anthropause\") [Doomscrolling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doomscrolling \"Doomscrolling\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Green recovery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_recovery \"Green recovery\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Quarantini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing \"Social distancing\") [Superspreader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superspreading_event \"Superspreading event\") [Twindemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twindemic \"Twindemic\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") [Zoom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_\\(software\\) \"Zoom (software)\") [Zoom towns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoom_town \"Zoom town\") |\n| Others | [Animals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals \"COVID-19 pandemic and animals\") [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Environment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment\") [Military](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military\") [Pregnant women](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women\") [Science and technology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology\") |\n| Health issues |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical topics | [Transmission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transmission_of_COVID-19 \"Transmission of COVID-19\") [Symptoms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 \"Symptoms of COVID-19\") [Cancer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_and_cancer \"COVID-19 and cancer\") [Endemic COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endemic_COVID-19 \"Endemic COVID-19\") [Skin manifestations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 \"Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19\") [Long COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Long_COVID \"Long COVID\") [Mental health](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes\") [Pregnancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_in_pregnancy \"COVID-19 in pregnancy\") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues \"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues\") [Shortages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Raise the line](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line \"Flattening the curve\") [Rehabilitation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 \"Rehabilitation after COVID-19\") [Unproven medical methods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 \"List of unproven methods against COVID-19\") |\n| Testing and epidemiology |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Datasets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_datasets \"COVID-19 datasets\") [Death rates by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country \"COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country\") [Disease testing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing \"COVID-19 testing\") [Breathalyzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_breathalyzer \"Coronavirus breathalyzer\") [Operation Moonshot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Moonshot \"Operation Moonshot\") [Test to Release](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test_to_Release \"Test to Release\") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium \"UK Rapid Test Consortium\") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test \"AbC-19 rapid antibody test\") [investigations into the origins](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 \"Investigations into the origin of COVID-19\") [lab leak theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory \"COVID-19 lab leak theory\") [Rapid antigen test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test \"COVID-19 rapid antigen test\") [Software](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation \"Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation\") [Surveillance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_surveillance \"COVID-19 surveillance\") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country \"Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country\") |   |\n| [Apps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_apps \"COVID-19 apps\") | [Aarogya Setu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aarogya_Setu \"Aarogya Setu\") [BlueTrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlueTrace \"BlueTrace\") [careFIJI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CareFIJI \"CareFIJI\") [Coronavirus Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Australia \"Coronavirus Australia\") [Corona-Warn-App](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona-Warn-App \"Corona-Warn-App\") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application \"COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application\") [COVID Alert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Alert \"COVID Alert\") (Canada) [COVID AlertSA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa\") (South Africa) [COVIDSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIDSafe \"COVIDSafe\") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID_Tracker_Ireland \"COVID Tracker Ireland\") [Covid Watch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covid_Watch \"Covid Watch\") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing \"Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing\") [Exposure Notification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Exposure_Notification \"Exposure Notification\") [Health Code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Health_Code \"Health Code\") [Healthy Together](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Healthy_Together \"Healthy Together\") [Immuni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Immuni \"Immuni\") [Koronavilkku](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koronavilkku \"Koronavilkku\") [LeaveHomeSafe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LeaveHomeSafe \"LeaveHomeSafe\") [MySejahtera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MySejahtera \"MySejahtera\") [NHS COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_COVID-19 \"NHS COVID-19\") [NZ COVID Tracer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_COVID_Tracer \"NZ COVID Tracer\") [NZ Pass Verifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NZ_Pass_Verifier \"NZ Pass Verifier\") [PathCheck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PathCheck \"PathCheck\") [PeduliLindungi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PeduliLindungi \"PeduliLindungi\") [SafeEntry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafeEntry \"SafeEntry\") [SafePass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SafePass \"SafePass\") [StaySafe.ph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/StaySafe.ph \"StaySafe.ph\") [SwissCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SwissCovid \"SwissCovid\") [TCN Protocol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TCN_Protocol \"TCN Protocol\") [Test, Trace, Protect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Test,_Trace,_Protect \"Test, Trace, Protect\") [Thai Chana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thai_Chana \"Thai Chana\") [TousAntiCovid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TousAntiCovid \"TousAntiCovid\") [TraceTogether](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TraceTogether \"TraceTogether\") [Valtrace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valtrace \"Valtrace\") [Zoe Health Study](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoe_Health_Study \"Zoe Health Study\") |\n| Prevention | [Air purifier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_purifier \"Air purifier\") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box \"Corsi–Rosenthal Box\")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [COVID fatigue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic \"Pandemic fatigue\") [Evacuations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Face masks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Anti-mask sentiment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-mask_sentiment \"Anti-mask sentiment\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States \"Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\") [Flattening the curve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flattening_the_curve \"Flattening the curve\") [Great Barrington Declaration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Barrington_Declaration \"Great Barrington Declaration\") [International aid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") [Public health mitigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 \"Public health mitigation of COVID-19\") [Safe Hands Challenge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safe_Hands_Challenge \"Safe Hands Challenge\") [Social distancing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Workplace hazard controls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 \"Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19\") [Zero-COVID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zero-COVID \"Zero-COVID\") |\n| [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine \"COVID-19 vaccine\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Topics | [Authorizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations \"List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations\") [Clinical research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research \"COVID-19 vaccine clinical research\") [Deployment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") [Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development \"History of COVID-19 vaccine development\") [EU Certificate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate \"EU Digital COVID Certificate\") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy \"COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy\") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 \"Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19\") [US](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States\") [Operation Warp Speed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Warp_Speed \"Operation Warp Speed\") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination \"Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination\") [Vaccine card](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_card \"COVID-19 vaccine card\") [Vaccine passports]() |\n| Authorized |   |\n|   |   |\n| [DNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DNA_vaccine \"DNA vaccine\") | [ZyCoV-D](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZyCoV-D \"ZyCoV-D\") |\n| [Inactivated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inactivated_vaccine \"Inactivated vaccine\") | [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine \"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine\") [CoronaVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoronaVac \"CoronaVac\") [Covaxin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Covaxin \"Covaxin\") [COVIran Barekat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVIran_Barekat \"COVIran Barekat\") [CoviVac (Russia)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoviVac_\\(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\\) \"CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)\") [FAKHRAVAC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/FAKHRAVAC \"FAKHRAVAC\") [Minhai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine \"Minhai COVID-19 vaccine\") [QazCovid-in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/QazCovid-in \"QazCovid-in\") [Sinopharm BIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sinopharm WIBP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine\") [Turkovac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turkovac \"Turkovac\") [Valneva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine \"Valneva COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [mRNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA_vaccine \"MRNA vaccine\") | [Moderna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Moderna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Subunit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subunit_vaccine \"Subunit vaccine\") | [Abdala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdala_\\(vaccine\\) \"Abdala (vaccine)\") [Corbevax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corbevax \"Corbevax\") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVAX-19 \"COVAX-19\") [EpiVacCorona](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EpiVacCorona \"EpiVacCorona\") [IndoVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IndoVac \"IndoVac\") [MVC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine \"MVC COVID-19 vaccine\") [Noora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noora_\\(vaccine\\) \"Noora (vaccine)\") [Novavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Novavax COVID-19 vaccine\") [Razi Cov Pars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Razi_Cov_Pars \"Razi Cov Pars\") [Sinopharm CNBG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine\") [Soberana 02](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_02 \"Soberana 02\") [Soberana Plus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soberana_Plus \"Soberana Plus\") [ZF2001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") (Zifivax) |\n| [Viral vector](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Viral_vector_vaccine \"Viral vector vaccine\") | [Convidecia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convidecia \"Convidecia\") [Janssen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine \"Janssen COVID-19 vaccine\") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine \"Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine\") [Sputnik Light](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sputnik_Light \"Sputnik Light\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [CoVLP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CoVLP \"CoVLP\") |\n| In trials |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Attenuated](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attenuated_vaccine \"Attenuated vaccine\") | [COVI-VAC (United States)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVI-VAC_\\(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\\) \"COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)\") |\n| DNA | [AG0302-COVID‑19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 \"AG0302-COVID‑19\") [GX-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GX-19 \"GX-19\") [Inovio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Inovio COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Inactivated | [KD-414](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KD-414 \"KD-414\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") |\n| RNA | [ARCT-021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-021 \"ARCT-021\") [ARCT-154](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ARCT-154 \"ARCT-154\") [Bangavax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangavax \"Bangavax\") [CureVac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine \"CureVac COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [HGC019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HGC019 \"HGC019\") [mRNA-1283](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MRNA-1283 \"MRNA-1283\") [PTX-COVID19-B](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PTX-COVID19-B \"PTX-COVID19-B\") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine\") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine \"Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine\") [Walvax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine \"Walvax COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| Subunit | [202-CoV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/202-CoV \"202-CoV\") [AKS-452](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AKS-452 \"AKS-452\") [EuCorVac-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EuCorVac-19 \"EuCorVac-19\") [IVX-411](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IVX-411 \"IVX-411\") [Nanocovax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanocovax \"Nanocovax\") [ReCOV](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ReCOV \"ReCOV\") [Sanofi–GSK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine \"Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine\") [S-268019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S-268019 \"S-268019\") [SCB-2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCB-2019 \"SCB-2019\") [SCTV01C](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SCTV01C \"SCTV01C\") [Skycovione](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skycovione \"Skycovione\") [UB-612](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UB-612 \"UB-612\") [V-01](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V-01 \"V-01\") [V451](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V451_vaccine \"V451 vaccine\") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine\") [West China Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine \"West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine\") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ZF2001 \"ZF2001\") |\n| Viral vector | [AdCLD-CoV19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AdCLD-CoV19 \"AdCLD-CoV19\") [BriLife](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BriLife \"BriLife\") [COH04S1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COH04S1 \"COH04S1\") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT \"DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT\") [GRAd-COV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GRAd-COV2 \"GRAd-COV2\") [ImmunityBio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine \"ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine\") [iNCOVACC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INCOVACC \"INCOVACC\") [INNA-051](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/INNA-051 \"INNA-051\") [NDV-HXP-S](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NDV-HXP-S \"NDV-HXP-S\") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine \"Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine\") |\n| [Virus-like particles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Virus-like_particle \"Virus-like particle\") | [ABNCoV2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABNCoV2 \"ABNCoV2\") [LYB001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LYB001 \"LYB001\") [MigVax-101](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MigVax-101 \"MigVax-101\") [VBI-2902](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VBI-2902 \"VBI-2902\") |\n| [Deployment by location](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines \"Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in Africa\") | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria\") [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola \"COVID-19 vaccination in Angola\") [Benin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination \"COVID-19 pandemic in Benin\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso\") [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi \"COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Cape Verde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon \"COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon\") [Chad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad \"COVID-19 vaccination in Chad\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros\") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo\") [Djibouti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt \"COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt\") [Equatorial Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea \"COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini \"COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana\") [Morocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco \"COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco\") [Nigeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe \"COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe\") |\n| Asia | [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan\") [Mainland China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China \"COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India \"COVID-19 vaccination in India\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iran\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel \"COVID-19 vaccination in Israel\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Japan\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore \"COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea \"COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan \"COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan\") [Thailand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand \"COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey \"COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam \"COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam\") |\n| Europe | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Albania\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria \"COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia\") [Denmark](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark \"COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France \"COVID-19 vaccination in France\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany \"COVID-19 vaccination in Germany\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece \"COVID-19 vaccination in Greece\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary \"COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary\") [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland \"COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy \"COVID-19 vaccination in Italy\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova \"COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway \"COVID-19 vaccination in Norway\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal \"COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania \"COVID-19 vaccination in Romania\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Russia\") [Spain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain \"COVID-19 vaccination in Spain\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden \"COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden\") [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland \"COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom\") |\n| North America | [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada \"COVID-19 vaccination in Canada\") [Ontario](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario \"COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario\") [Quebec](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec \"COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba#Vaccination \"COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti \"COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico \"COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination in the United States\") [mandates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States \"COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States\") |\n| Oceania | [Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Australia\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji \"COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand \"COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand\") |\n| South America | [Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina \"COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil \"COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia \"COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru \"COVID-19 vaccination in Peru\") |\n| Others | [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination \"COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica\") |\n| [Treatment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 \"Treatment and management of COVID-19\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Drug development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_development \"COVID-19 drug development\") [Drug repurposing research](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research \"COVID-19 drug repurposing research\") [Baricitinib](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baricitinib \"Baricitinib\") [Dexamethasone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dexamethasone#COVID%E2%80%9119 \"Dexamethasone\") [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients \"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation\") [Open-source ventilator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic \"Open-source ventilator\") [PANORAMIC trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PANORAMIC_trial \"PANORAMIC trial\") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/RECOVERY_Trial \"RECOVERY Trial\") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solidarity_trial \"Solidarity trial\") (WHO) |   |\n| [Monoclonal antibodies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monoclonal_antibody \"Monoclonal antibody\") | [Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab \"Bamlanivimab\/etesevimab\") [Bamlanivimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bamlanivimab \"Bamlanivimab\") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bebtelovimab \"Bebtelovimab\") [Casirivimab\/imdevimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casirivimab\/imdevimab \"Casirivimab\/imdevimab\") [Regdanvimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regdanvimab \"Regdanvimab\") [Sarilumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarilumab \"Sarilumab\") [Sotrovimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotrovimab \"Sotrovimab\") [Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab \"Tixagevimab\/cilgavimab\") [Tocilizumab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tocilizumab \"Tocilizumab\") |\n| [Small molecule antivirals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiviral_drug \"Antiviral drug\") | [Broad-spectrum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug \"Broad-spectrum antiviral drug\") [Ensitrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ensitrelvir \"Ensitrelvir\") [Molnupiravir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molnupiravir \"Molnupiravir\") [Remdesivir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remdesivir#COVID-19 \"Remdesivir\") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir \"Nirmatrelvir\") [ritonavir](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir \"Nirmatrelvir\/ritonavir\") |\n| [Variants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Specific | [Alpha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant\") [Beta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant\") [Gamma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant\") [Delta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant\") [Epsilon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant\") [Zeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant\") [Eta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant\") [Theta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant\") [Iota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant\") [Kappa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant\") [Lambda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant\") [Mu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant\") [Omicron](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant \"Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant\") |\n| General | [Cluster 5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cluster_5 \"Cluster 5\") [Lineage B.1.617](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 \"SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617\") [Lineage B.1.640.2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2 \"Variants of SARS-CoV-2\") [Variant of concern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern \"SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern\") |\n| Institutions |   |\n|   |   |\n| Hospitals and medical clinics |   |\n|   |   |\n| Mainland China | [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan \"Central Hospital of Wuhan\") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre \"Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre\") [Fangcang hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fangcang_hospital \"Fangcang hospital\") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Huoshenshan_Hospital \"Huoshenshan Hospital\") [Leishenshan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leishenshan_Hospital \"Leishenshan Hospital\") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel \"Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel\") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital \"Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital\") |\n| Others | [Hospital ships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Garran Surge Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garran_Surge_Centre \"Garran Surge Centre\") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hospital_El_Salvador \"Hospital El Salvador\") [SevenHills Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital \"SevenHills Hospital\") (India) [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village \"Kemayoran Athletes Village\") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyongyang_General_Hospital \"Pyongyang General Hospital\") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang \"Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang\") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers \"Mega Ligtas COVID Centers\") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre \"Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre\") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital \"Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital \"Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom \"COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom\") [NHS Nightingale Hospitals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England \"COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom\") (England) [Birmingham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham\") [London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London \"NHS Nightingale Hospital London\") [North East](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North East\") [North West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West \"NHS Nightingale Hospital North West\") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber \"NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber\") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NHS_Louisa_Jordan \"NHS Louisa Jordan\") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital \"Dragon's Heart Hospital\") (Wales) |\n| Organizations |   |\n|   |   |\n| [National Cabinet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Cabinet_\\(Australia\\) \"National Cabinet (Australia)\") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ScienceUpFirst \"ScienceUpFirst\") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology \"Wuhan Institute of Virology\") (China) [Independent SAGE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Independent_SAGE \"Independent SAGE\") (United Kingdom) |   |\n| Health institutes | [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention \"Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention\") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre \"Ghana Infectious Disease Centre\") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Department_of_Health_\\(Hong_Kong\\) \"Department of Health (Hong Kong)\") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency \"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency\") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases \"National Institute for Communicable Diseases\") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control \"Taiwan Centers for Disease Control\") (Taiwan) |\n| Pandemic institutes | [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board \"National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board\") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Immunity Task Force\") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Supply_Council \"COVID-19 Supply Council\") (Canada) [PREPARE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PREPARE \"PREPARE\") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 \"National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19\") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force \"COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force\") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\\(2020\\) \"National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)\") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting \"Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting\") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre \"Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre\") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee \"Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee\") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases \"Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases\") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center \"Central Epidemic Command Center\") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board \"Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board\") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium \"COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium\") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team \"Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team\") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre \"Joint Biosecurity Centre\") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_Taskforce \"Vaccine Taskforce\") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_Advisory_Board \"COVID-19 Advisory Board\") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups \"Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups\") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force \"White House Coronavirus Task Force\") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team \"White House COVID-19 Response Team\") (United States) [GACH](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GACH \"GACH\") (Uruguay) |\n| Relief funds | [PM CARES Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PM_CARES_Fund \"PM CARES Fund\") (India) [SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund \"COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia\") (India) [Artist Relief](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artist_Relief \"Artist Relief\") (United States) |\n| People |   |\n|   |   |\n| Medical professionals | [Ai Fen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ai_Fen \"Ai Fen\") [Corona Rintawan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corona_Rintawan \"Corona Rintawan\") [Li Wenliang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Wenliang \"Li Wenliang\") [Liu Wen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Wen_\\(doctor\\) \"Liu Wen (doctor)\") [Xie Linka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xie_Linka \"Xie Linka\") [Zhang Wenhong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Wenhong \"Zhang Wenhong\") |\n| [Researchers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Coronavirus_researchers \"Category:Coronavirus researchers\") | [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud \"Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud\") [Roberto Burioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberto_Burioni \"Roberto Burioni\") [Chen Wei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Wei_\\(medical_scientist\\) \"Chen Wei (medical scientist)\") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kizzmekia_Corbett \"Kizzmekia Corbett\") [Andrea Crisanti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrea_Crisanti_\\(scientist\\) \"Andrea Crisanti (scientist)\") [Peter Daszak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Daszak \"Peter Daszak\") [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") [Neil Ferguson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Ferguson_\\(epidemiologist\\) \"Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)\") [Dale Fisher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dale_Fisher \"Dale Fisher\") [George F. Gao](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_F._Gao \"George F. Gao\") [Azra Ghani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azra_Ghani \"Azra Ghani\") [Sarah Gilbert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarah_Gilbert \"Sarah Gilbert\") [Guan Yi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guan_Yi \"Guan Yi\") [Kentaro Iwata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kentaro_Iwata \"Kentaro Iwata\") [Katalin Karikó](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 \"Katalin Karikó\") [Matt Keeling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Keeling \"Matt Keeling\") [Trudie Lang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trudie_Lang \"Trudie Lang\") [Li Lanjuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Lanjuan \"Li Lanjuan\") [W. Ian Lipkin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W._Ian_Lipkin \"W. Ian Lipkin\") [Ma Xiaowei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma_Xiaowei \"Ma Xiaowei\") [Shabir Madhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shabir_Madhi \"Shabir Madhi\") [Allison McGeer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allison_McGeer \"Allison McGeer\") [Camilla Rothe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Camilla_Rothe \"Camilla Rothe\") [Shi Zhengli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shi_Zhengli \"Shi Zhengli\") [Moncef Slaoui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moncef_Slaoui \"Moncef Slaoui\") [Mike Tildesley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mike_Tildesley \"Mike Tildesley\") [John Todd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Todd_\\(British_biologist\\) \"John Todd (British biologist)\") [Wang Chen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Chen_\\(physician\\) \"Wang Chen (physician)\") [Wang Guangfa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Guangfa \"Wang Guangfa\") [Drew Weissman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drew_Weissman \"Drew Weissman\") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yuen_Kwok-yung \"Yuen Kwok-yung\") [Zeng Guang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeng_Guang \"Zeng Guang\") [Zhang Jixian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Jixian \"Zhang Jixian\") [Zhang Yongzhen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhang_Yongzhen \"Zhang Yongzhen\") [Zhong Nanshan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhong_Nanshan \"Zhong Nanshan\") |\n| Officials |   |\n|   |   |\n| WHO | [Tedros Adhanom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus \"Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus\") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruce_Aylward \"Bruce Aylward\") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maria_Van_Kerkhove \"Maria Van Kerkhove\") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_J._Ryan_\\(doctor\\) \"Michael J. Ryan (doctor)\") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) |\n| By location | [Frank Atherton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Atherton \"Frank Atherton\") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashley_Bloomfield \"Ashley Bloomfield\") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catherine_Calderwood \"Catherine Calderwood\") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chang_Shan-chwen \"Chang Shan-chwen\") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anutin_Charnvirakul \"Anutin Charnvirakul\") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Shih-chung \"Chen Shih-chung\") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chuang_Yin-ching \"Chuang Yin-ching\") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victor_Costache \"Victor Costache\") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fabrizio_Curcio \"Fabrizio Curcio\") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carmen_Deseda \"Carmen Deseda\") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaap_van_Dissel \"Jaap van Dissel\") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Drosten \"Christian Drosten\") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Duque_III \"Francisco Duque III\") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthony_Fauci \"Anthony Fauci\") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo \"Francesco Paolo Figliuolo\") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas \"Graça Freitas\") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo \"Henrique Gouveia e Melo\") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt_Hancock \"Matt Hancock\") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hamad_Hasan \"Hamad Hasan\") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greg_Hunt \"Greg Hunt\") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Holohan \"Tony Holohan\") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeong_Eun-kyeong \"Jeong Eun-kyeong\") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fahrettin_Koca \"Fahrettin Koca\") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Keqiang \"Li Keqiang\") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez \"Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez\") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_McBride_\\(doctor\\) \"Michael McBride (doctor)\") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 \"Oriol Mitjà\") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zweli_Mkhize \"Zweli Mkhize\") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doni_Monardo \"Doni Monardo\") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alma_M%C3%B6ller \"Alma Möller\") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saeed_Namaki \"Saeed Namaki\") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ala_Nemerenco \"Ala Nemerenco\") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long \"Nguyễn Thanh Long\") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah \"Noor Hisham Abdullah\") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ali_Pilli \"Ali Pilli\") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Salinas \"Daniel Salinas\") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon \"Jérôme Salomon\") (France) [Fernando Simón](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n \"Fernando Simón\") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gregor_Smith \"Gregor Smith\") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Su_Ih-jen \"Su Ih-jen\") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski \"Łukasz Szumowski\") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theresa_Tam \"Theresa Tam\") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anders_Tegnell \"Anders Tegnell\") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason \"Þórólfur Guðnason\") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sotiris_Tsiodras \"Sotiris Tsiodras\") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harsh_Vardhan_\\(Delhi_politician\\) \"Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)\") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson \"Víðir Reynisson\") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carla_Vizzotti \"Carla Vizzotti\") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vlad_Voiculescu \"Vlad Voiculescu\") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Whitty \"Chris Whitty\") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawrence_Wong \"Lawrence Wong\") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeff_Zients \"Jeff Zients\") (United States) |\n| Others | [Chen Qiushi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chen_Qiushi \"Chen Qiushi\") [Brett Crozier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brett_Crozier \"Brett Crozier\") [Fang Bin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Bin \"Fang Bin\") [Fang Fang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fang_Fang \"Fang Fang\") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond \"Joseph Ashitey Hammond\") [Li Zehua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li_Zehua \"Li Zehua\") [Captain Tom Moore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Captain_Tom_Moore \"Captain Tom Moore\") [Qiu Menghuang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qiu_Menghuang \"Qiu Menghuang\") [Ren Zhiqiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren_Zhiqiang \"Ren Zhiqiang\") |\n| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 \"List of deaths due to COVID-19\") |   |\n| Data (templates) |   |\n|   |   |\n| Global | [Cases, deaths, recoveries by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics \"COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory\") [Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country \"COVID-19 testing\") [Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision \"COVID-19 testing\") WHO situation reports [cases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_cases \"COVID-19 pandemic cases\") [January 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020 (page does not exist)\") [February 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020 (page does not exist)\") [March 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020 (page does not exist)\") [April 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020 (page does not exist)\") [May 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020 (page does not exist)\") [June 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020 (page does not exist)\") [July 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020 (page does not exist)\") [August 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020 (page does not exist)\") [September 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020 (page does not exist)\") [October 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020 (page does not exist)\") [November 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020 (page does not exist)\") [December 2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020 (page does not exist)\") [January 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021 (page does not exist)\") [February 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021 (page does not exist)\") [March 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021 (page does not exist)\") [April 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021 (page does not exist)\") [May 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021 (page does not exist)\") [June 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021 (page does not exist)\") [July 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021 (page does not exist)\") [August 2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 \"COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2021 (page does not exist)\") [deaths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths \"COVID-19 pandemic deaths\") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics \"COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China\") [Hospital beds by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers \"List of countries by hospital beds\") [Lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns \"COVID-19 lockdowns\") |\n| Africa | [Algeria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Algeria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Algeria medical cases chart\") [Angola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Angola_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Angola medical cases chart\") [Benin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Benin_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Benin medical cases chart\") [Botswana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Botswana_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Botswana medical cases chart\") [Burkina Faso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Burkina Faso medical cases chart\") [Burundi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Burundi_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Burundi medical cases chart\") [Cameroon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cameroon medical cases chart\") [Comoros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Comoros_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Comoros medical cases chart\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Egypt_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Egypt medical cases chart\") [Eswatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Eswatini medical cases chart\") [Ethiopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ethiopia medical cases chart\") [Ghana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ghana_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ghana medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ghana_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ghana medical cases chart\") [Ivory Coast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ivory Coast medical cases chart\") [Kenya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kenya_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kenya medical cases chart\") [Libya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Libya_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Libya medical cases chart\") [Malawi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malawi_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malawi medical cases chart\") [Mali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mali_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mali medical cases chart\") [Mauritania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mauritania medical cases chart\") [Mauritius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mauritius medical cases chart\") [Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Morocco_\\(including_occupied_Western_Sahara\\)_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) medical cases chart\") [Mozambique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mozambique_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mozambique medical cases chart\") [Nigera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nigeria_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nigeria medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nigeria medical cases chart\") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/São Tomé and Príncipe medical cases chart\") [Senegal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Senegal_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Senegal medical cases chart\") [Seychelles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Seychelles_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Seychelles medical cases chart\") [Sierra Leone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sierra Leone medical cases chart\") [South Africa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Africa_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Africa medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Africa medical cases chart\") [South Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Sudan medical cases chart\") [Sudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sudan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sudan medical cases chart\") [Tanzania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Tanzania medical cases chart\") [Togo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Togo_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Togo medical cases chart\") [Tunisia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Tunisia medical cases chart\") [Uganda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uganda_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uganda medical cases chart\") [Zambia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Zambia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Zambia medical cases chart\") [Zimbabwe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Zimbabwe_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Zimbabwe medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Zimbabwe_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Zimbabwe medical cases chart\") |\n| Americas | [Bolivia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bolivia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bolivia medical cases\") [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Brazil_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Brazil medical cases\") [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Canada_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Canada medical cases\") [by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Canada_medical_cases_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Canada medical cases by province\") [vaccinations by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Canada_vaccinations_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Canada vaccinations by province\") [Chile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Chile_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Chile medical cases\") [by commune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Chile medical cases by commune\") [Colombia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Colombia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Colombia medical cases chart\") [Costa Rica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Costa_Rica_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Costa Rica medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Costa Rica medical cases chart\") [Cuba](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cuba_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cuba medical cases chart\") [Dominican Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Dominican Republic medical cases chart\") [Ecuador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ecuador medical cases chart\") [El Salvador](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/El Salvador medical cases chart\") [Guatemala](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Guatemala medical cases chart\") [Haiti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Haiti_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Haiti medical cases chart\") [Honduras](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Honduras_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Honduras medical cases chart\") [Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mexico_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mexico medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mexico_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mexico medical cases chart\") [Nicaragua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nicaragua medical cases chart\") [Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Panama_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Panama medical cases chart\") [Paraguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Paraguay medical cases chart\") [Peru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Peru_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Peru medical cases chart\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_States_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United States medical cases\") [by state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_States_medical_cases_by_state \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United States medical cases by state\") [Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uruguay medical cases chart\") [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Venezuela medical cases chart\") |\n| Asia | [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Afghanistan medical cases chart\") [Armenia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Armenia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Armenia medical cases chart\") [Artsakh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart\") [Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Azerbaijan medical cases chart\") [Bahrain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bahrain medical cases chart\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases chart\") [by division](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bangladesh medical cases by division\") [Bhutan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bhutan medical cases chart\") [Brunei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Brunei_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Brunei medical cases chart\") [Cambodia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cambodia medical cases summary\") China [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases chart\") [confirmed per capita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\\(dots\\) \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)\") [lockdowns](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China\") [by province](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/China_medical_cases_by_province \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/China medical cases by province\") [Hong Kong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Hong Kong medical cases chart\") [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Macau_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Macau medical cases chart\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cyprus medical cases chart\") [East Timor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/East_Timor_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/East Timor medical cases chart\") [Egypt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Egypt_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Egypt medical cases chart\") [Georgia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Georgia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Georgia medical cases chart\") [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/India_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/India medical cases chart\") [Indonesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Indonesia medical cases chart\") [Iran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iran_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iran medical cases chart\") [Iraq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iraq_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iraq medical cases chart\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Israel_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Israel medical cases chart\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Japan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Japan medical cases chart\") [Jordan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Jordan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Jordan medical cases chart\") [Kazakhstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kazakhstan medical cases chart\") [Kuwait cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kuwait medical cases chart\") [Kyrgyzstan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart\") [Laos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Laos_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Laos medical cases\") [Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Lebanon medical cases chart\") [Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malaysia medical cases chart\") [charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia\") Myanmar [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases chart\") [summary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Myanmar medical cases summary\") [Nepal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Nepal_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Nepal medical cases chart\") [Oman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Oman_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Oman medical cases chart\") [Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Pakistan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Pakistan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Pakistan medical cases chart\") [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines medical cases chart\") [areas of quarantine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines \"Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines\") [vaccinations chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Philippines_vaccinations_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Philippines vaccinations chart\") [Qatar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Qatar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Qatar medical cases chart\") Russia [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Russia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Russia medical cases chart\") [by federal subject](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Russia medical cases by federal subject\") [Saudi Arabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart\") [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Singapore_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Singapore medical cases chart\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Korea_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Korea medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/South Korea medical cases chart\") [vaccinations charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Sri Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sri Lanka medical cases chart\") [Syria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Syria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Syria medical cases chart\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Taiwan medical cases chart\") [vaccination charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts \"Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts\") [Tajikistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Tajikistan medical cases chart\") [Thailand cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Thailand_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Thailand medical cases chart\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Turkey_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Turkey medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Turkey_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Turkey medical cases chart\") [United Arab Emirates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart\") [Uzbekistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Uzbekistan medical cases chart\") [Vietnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Vietnam medical cases chart\") [statistics charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts\") [Yemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Yemen_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Yemen medical cases chart\") |\n| [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Europe_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Europe medical cases chart\") | [Albania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Albania_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Albania medical cases chart\") [Austria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Austria_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Austria medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Austria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Austria medical cases chart\") [Belarus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Belarus_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Belarus medical cases chart\") [Belgium](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Belgium_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Belgium medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Belgium_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Belgium medical cases chart\") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart\") [Bulgaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bulgaria_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bulgaria medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Bulgaria medical cases chart\") [Croatia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Croatia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Croatia medical cases chart\") [Cyprus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Cyprus medical cases chart\") [Czech Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Czech Republic medical cases chart\") Denmark [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Denmark_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Denmark medical cases chart\") [Faroe Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Faroe_Islands_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Faroe Islands medical cases chart\") [Estonia cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Estonia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Estonia medical cases chart\") [Finland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Finland_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Finland medical cases chart\") [France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/France_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/France medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/France_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/France medical cases chart\") [Germany cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Germany_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Germany medical cases chart\") [Greece](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Greece_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Greece medical cases chart\") [Hungary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Hungary_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Hungary medical cases chart\") [Iceland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iceland_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iceland medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Iceland_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Iceland medical cases chart\") [Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Republic of Ireland medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart\") [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Italy_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Italy medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Italy_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Italy medical cases chart\") [statistics charts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Italy_statistics_charts \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Italy statistics charts\") [vaccinations chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Italy_vaccinations_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Italy vaccinations chart\") [Kosovo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Kosovo medical cases chart\") [Latvia cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Latvia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Latvia medical cases chart\") [Lithuania cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Lithuania medical cases chart\") [Luxembourg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Luxembourg medical cases chart\") [Malta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Malta_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Malta medical cases chart\") [Moldova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Moldova_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Moldova medical cases chart\") [Monaco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Monaco_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Monaco medical cases chart\") [Montenegro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Montenegro medical cases chart\") [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Netherlands medical cases chart\") [North Macedonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/North Macedonia medical cases chart\") [Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Norway_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Norway medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Norway_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Norway medical cases chart\") [Poland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Poland_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Poland medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Poland_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Poland medical cases chart\") [by voivodeship](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Poland_medical_cases_by_voivodeship \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Poland medical cases by voivodeship\") [Portugal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Portugal_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Portugal medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Portugal_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Portugal medical cases chart\") [Romania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Romania_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Romania medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Romania_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Romania medical cases chart\") Russia [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Russia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Russia medical cases chart\") [by federal subject](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Russia medical cases by federal subject\") [San Marino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/San Marino medical cases chart\") [Serbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Serbia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Serbia medical cases chart\") Slovakia [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Slovakia medical cases chart\") [by region](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Slovakia medical cases by region\") [Slovenia cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Slovenia medical cases chart\") [Spain cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Spain_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Spain medical cases chart\") [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sweden_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sweden medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Sweden_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Sweden medical cases chart\") [Switzerland cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Switzerland medical cases chart\") [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Turkey_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Turkey medical cases\") [cases chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Turkey_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Turkey medical cases chart\") [Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Ukraine medical cases chart\") [United Kingdom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Kingdom_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Kingdom medical cases\") [Gibraltar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Gibraltar_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Gibraltar medical cases chart\") [vaccinations chart](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Kingdom vaccinations chart\") [daily](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_daily_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Kingdom vaccinations daily chart\") [by nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_weekly_by_nation_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/United Kingdom vaccinations weekly by nation chart\") [Vatican City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Vatican City medical cases chart\") |\n| Oceania | [Australia by state\/territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Australia_cases_by_state\/territory \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Australia cases by state\/territory\") [Fiji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Fiji_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Fiji medical cases chart\") [French Polynesia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/French Polynesia medical cases chart\") [New Caledonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/New Caledonia medical cases chart\") [New Zealand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/New Zealand medical cases chart\") [Papua New Guinea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart\") [Solomon Islands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Solomon_Islands_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Solomon Islands medical cases chart\") |\n| Others | [Antarctica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Antarctica_medical_cases_chart \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Antarctica medical cases chart\") [*Diamond Princess*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data\/Diamond_Princess_medical_cases \"Template:COVID-19 pandemic data\/Diamond Princess medical cases\") |\n\n[Portals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals \"Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\"):\n\n- [![virus icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4d\/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg\/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:SARS-CoV-2_\\(Wikimedia_colors\\).svg) [COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:COVID-19 \"Portal:COVID-19\")\n- ![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/WHO_Rod.svg\/20px-WHO_Rod.svg.png) [Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Medicine \"Portal:Medicine\")\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Sida-aids.png\/20px-Sida-aids.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sida-aids.png) [Viruses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Viruses \"Portal:Viruses\")\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from 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Boilerpipe Text	Use of immunity passports for COVID-19 vaccination An EU Green Pass in digital format being scanned before entering a bistro in Parma , Italy A vaccine passport or proof of vaccination is an immunity passport employed as a credential [ 1 ] in countries and jurisdictions as part of efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic via vaccination . A vaccine passport is typically issued by a government or health authority, and usually consists of a digital or printed record. Some credentials may include a scannable QR code , which can also be provisioned via mobile app . It may or may not use a COVID-19 vaccine card as a basis of authentication. The use of vaccine passports is based on the general presumption that a vaccinated individual would be less likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 to others, and less likely to experience a severe outcome (hospitalization or death) if they were to be infected , thus making it relatively safer for them to congregate. A vaccine passport is typically coordinated with policies enforced by individual businesses, or enforceable public health orders, that require patrons to present proof of vaccination for COVID-19 as a condition of entry or service. Government-mandated use of vaccine passports typically applies to discretionary public spaces and events (such as indoor restaurants, bars, or large-scale in-person events, such as concerts and sports ), and not essential businesses, such as retail stores or health care. In France , Italy , [ 2 ] Ireland , [ 3 ] and Canada , [ 4 ] vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to introduce vaccine passports. An intention by some jurisdictions is to prevent future lockdowns and restrictions. [ 5 ] Vaccine passports are controversial and have raised scientific, ethical and legal concerns. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Critics have also argued that vaccine passports violate civil liberties via coercion . [ 8 ] In the United States , there is no vaccine passport at a federal level, and some US states have preemptively banned vaccine passports in certain public and private sector contexts, citing discrimination and privacy concerns. [ 9 ] England initially decided against mandating vaccine passports due to worries that discrimination and economic harm would occur, but later joined the other nations of the United Kingdom in mandating vaccine passports due to the threat of the Omicron variant . Countries by percentage of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Date is at the bottom of the map. Many governments, including Finland [ 10 ] and Germany, [ 11 ] expressed early interest in the concept. Vaccine passports were seen as a potential way to permit a faster economic recovery from large-scale lockdowns that apply to all residents (especially within the travel and tourism industries), improve the confidence of patrons concerned for their health and safety, and to incentivize vaccination in order for a population to potentially reach " herd immunity ". [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In May 2020, Chile started issuing "release certificates" to patients who had recovered from COVID-19, but "the documents will not yet certify immunity". [ 14 ] Many governments including Finland, [ 10 ] Germany, [ 11 ] the United Kingdom, [ 15 ] and the United States [ 16 ] expressed interest in the concept. The Royal Society published a report on 19 February 2021 [ 17 ] where a lead author of the report, Professor Melinda Mills, Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at the University of Oxford said: “Understanding what a vaccine passport could be used for is a fundamental question – is it literally a passport to allow international travel or could it be used domestically to allow holders greater freedoms? The intended use will have significant implications across a wide range of legal and ethical issues that need to be fully explored and could inadvertently discriminate or exacerbate existing inequalities.” The report lists 12 essential criteria for an international standard. On 12 March 2021, Ecma International announced its intention to create an international standard which prevents counterfeits and protects private data as much as possible in a "Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization" [ 18 ] that referenced the earlier report from the UK's Royal Society. In August 2021, Ecma International announced revisions to Ecma-417 (Architectures for distributed real-time access systems) relevant to standards for vaccine passports. [ 19 ] An early advocate of immunity passports during the COVID-19 pandemic was Sam Rainsy , the Cambodian opposition leader. In exile and under confinement in Paris, he proposed immunity passports as a way to help restart the economy in a series of articles which he began in March 2020 and published in The Geopolitics and The Brussels Times . [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] The proposals were also published in French. [ 23 ] The idea became increasingly relevant as evidence of lasting acquired immunity became clear. [ 24 ] Proponents of the idea such as Sam Rainsy , co-founder of the opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) have argued that immunity, whether acquired naturally or through vaccination, is a resource which needs to be used to limit the impact of the pandemic on the global economy. [ 25 ] Many people in Cambodia depend entirely for their living on a tourism industry which has been wiped out. Poor countries can also benefit from recording immunological status as this will reduce wastage of scarce vaccines. The immunity passport proposed by Rainsy was effectively adopted in the EU under the name of "health pass". [ 26 ] As of 4 April 2021, [update] it was not yet clear whether vaccinated people that remain asymptomatic are still contagious and are thus silent spreaders of the virus putting unvaccinated people at risk. "A lot of people are thinking that once they get vaccinated, they’re not going to have to wear masks anymore," said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University. "It’s really going to be critical for them to know if they have to keep wearing masks, because they could still be contagious." [ 27 ] In January 2021, Israel announced that Israelis who had received their second vaccination and those who had proof of recovery from infection would be eligible for a Green Pass , exempting them from isolation requirements [ 28 ] and mandatory COVID-19 tests, including those on arrival from overseas. [ 29 ] In February 2021, Israel became one of the first countries to implement a vaccine passport system, dubbed the Green Pass . They are required in order to access venues such as gyms, hotels, bars, and restaurants. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] In October 2021, Israel announced an update to its guidelines, requiring that the most recent vaccine dose (or proof of recovery) to have been during the past six months. This change made Israel the first country to make a booster shot a requirement for its vaccine passport system. [ 33 ] In August 2021, Morocco established a nightly curfew between 23:00 and 04:30, exempting those fully vaccinated. [ 34 ] The curfew was lifted in November 2021. [ 35 ] Beginning on 1 September 2021, Azerbaijan required proof of vaccination for people over 18 to enter virtually all public spaces, and a national mandate of 1 October required vaccination of all state-regulated workers. [ 36 ] In February 2020, China started to use digital "health codes", available on a variety of platforms including WeChat and Alipay with scannable QR barcodes displaying a "traffic light" system of colours to enter public transport, shops, restaurants and malls. It was used 40 billion times between February and March. [ 37 ] In March 2021, an "International Travel Health Certificate" was created. [ 38 ] In March 2021, [ 39 ] the government of China rolled out the world's first [ 40 ] COVID-19 vaccine passport system through a partnership [ 37 ] with Alipay and WeChat . The system provides a health certificate that includes an individual's vaccine status and the results of COVID-19 testing. [ 37 ] [ 40 ] [ 39 ] Initially, the system would only indicate that an individual had been vaccinated if they received a Chinese-made coronavirus vaccine, leading to criticism, though by April 2021 the system began to accept records of receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech , Moderna , and Janssen vaccines. [ 41 ] As of March 2021, the app was optional and its use was restricted to Chinese citizens . [ 37 ] The digital health passport is intended to better facilitate travel. [ 42 ] [ 37 ] Privacy advocates and Chinese netizens have expressed concerns regarding the potential invasive data collection and the use of data for non-health monitoring purposes. [ 37 ] [ 43 ] According to Minister of health and education requires passport number, Iranian national ID card code for issuing vaccine digital foreign travel card. [ 44 ] Iranian card Israel was one of the first countries to issue what is known as a Green Pass in February 2021. [ 45 ] The pass was discontinued on 1 June 2021, [ 45 ] but following a surge of new infections, it was reinstated on 29 July 2021. [ 46 ] In October 2021, all existing Green Passes were voided if the most recent shot was administered more than 6 months ago. A new pass would be issued upon proof of a third (booster) dose or a recovery within the past 6 months. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] A temporary Green Pass could also be obtained with a negative viral test, but must be paid for by the individual unless ineligible for vaccination. [ 49 ] Starting 1 March 2022, most COVID-19 regulations were relaxed, and a Green Pass is now only required to enter old age homes. [ 50 ] On 19 July 2021, Japan began accepting applications for its COVID-19 vaccination passport program. When issued, the passports will be in paper form in both Japanese and English, showing the holder's date(s) of inoculation and the vaccine type, and are available free of charge. [ 51 ] As of 20 December 2021, entry restrictions were relaxed for Japan vaccine passport holders in 76 countries. [ 52 ] Residents attending restaurants, cafes and public spaces like malls, shopping centres and markets must be fully vaccinated. The country uses the Tawakkalna app which includes information for health appointments, vaccination status and alerts users to COVID-19 exposure for contact tracing purposes. [ citation needed ] Since 10 August 2021, all residents dining out must be fully vaccinated by showing proof of vaccination using the TraceTogether or HealthHub app, or use the TraceTogether token. Proof of vaccination has been progressively implemented in almost all public venues since 13 October 2021, starting with shopping malls, retail shops, entertainment venues except bars, nightclubs and karaoke parlours, attractions, cruises and eateries. It has since been expanded to include large events, public libraries, selected events at community buildings and will be expanded to tertiary institutions, places of lodging, small events and workplaces from January 2022. [ citation needed ] On 1 November 2021, a vaccine passport system went into effect in South Korea as part of a " living with COVID-19 " strategy, requiring vaccination of all residents wishing to access high-risk areas such as bars, restaurants, gyms and saunas must be vaccinated. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] On 25 October 2021, the Taiwanese government announced that the digital COVID certificate system in the country had been completed. [ 55 ] In December 2021, the system was also recognised by the EU as an equivalent of the EU Digital Covid Certificate. On 20 January 2022, Taiwan officially released the certificate and implemented rules that it be required before entering bars or karaoke alike. [ 56 ] The European Union offers an EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC), also known as the Green Pass, a digitally-signed proof of vaccination, proof of a recent recovery, or a recent negative test, for use when travelling within the Schengen area with fewer restrictions. [ citation needed ] On 19 October 2021, the caretaker Minister of Health of Bulgaria, Stoycho Katsarov, introduced the Green Certificate ( Bulgarian : Зелен Сертификат). Since 21 October 2021, all visitors to cinemas, theaters, concerts, museums, galleries, supermarkets over 300 square meters, fitness centers, gyms, restaurants and entertainment centers in Bulgaria have to prove that they are vaccinated, have a valid negative test from last 72 hours or have been ill recently. [ 57 ] [ 58 ] The restrictions ended on 10 March 2022. [ 59 ] Denmark introduced a Coronapas on 21 April 2021. Those unvaccinated with a recently negative test of 72 hours or previous infection of COVID-19 of up to 12 weeks prior were included in the pass system. Due to the high uptake of vaccines, Denmark retired their system on 10 September 2021. [ 60 ] [ 61 ] France issued a Health Pass (or Pass Sanitaire in French) on 9 August 2021, for use in non-essential settings for those 18 and older. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] To obtain the pass people must be fully vaccinated or undertake a test within 72 hours of attending a non-essential space or have recovered recently from an infection of the virus. [ 64 ] The initial announcement of the pass system is believed to have encouraged an additional one million people to sign up for vaccination the day following the announcement, [ 63 ] and is credited to encouraging a further 3.7 million people to sign up for vaccination in the following week. [ 65 ] Starting 1 October 2021, those age 12 and older will require a Pass Sanitaire to enter public sites like restaurants, cinemas, and sporting events. [ 62 ] [ 66 ] The standard yellow vaccine booklet used in Germany. In Germany, proof of COVID vaccinations or recent recovery, is typically entered in the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis ( German : Impfausweis ), similar to how other vaccinations for other diseases are recorded. The entry in this booklet can be used to acquire an EU Digital COVID Certificate , in accordance with EU Directive 2021/953, effective 1 July 2021. [ 67 ] Outside of the application of the EUDCC, Hungary recognises Kazakh [ 68 ] and Indian [ 69 ] vaccine passports. In July 2021, Ireland introduced a vaccine certificate program ( EU Digital COVID Certificate ) which allowed vaccinated individuals to attend cafes, bars and restaurants. Due to one of the highest uptakes of COVID-19 vaccines in the world, the Republic of Ireland (but not Northern Ireland) had plans to retire their vaccine passport program on 22 October 2021 however this was postponed due to increased COVID-19 cases and hospital numbers. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] On 22 January 2022, the Republic of Ireland's vaccine passport programme was retired, except for international travel. [ 72 ] In August 2021 the Italian government extended the requirement of the EU Digital COVID Certificate , also known as a Green Pass, to the participation in sports events and music festivals, but also to access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation. [ 73 ] On 15 October 2021, Italy became the first country in the world to require its entire workforce, public and private, to have a government-issued health pass. [ 74 ] [ 75 ] On 1 December 2021 the Swedish government introduced vaccine passports for indoor events with more than 100 people. Indoor events with more than 100 participants who do not use vaccination certificates must follow specific guidelines to avoid spreading the disease. [ 76 ] [ 77 ] In Ukraine , citizens with at least one dose of a vaccine are allowed to attend certain high-risk indoor settings which would normally be closed or heavily restricted in hot spots. [ 78 ] [ 79 ] Proof of vaccination programs exist in the Home Nations of the United Kingdom, with England and Wales referring to them as "NHS COVID Pass", Scotland as " NHS Scotland Covid Status", [ 80 ] and Northern Ireland as "COVIDCert NI". [ 81 ] [ 82 ] By December 2021, all four nations had mandated proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in specific settings. The exact rules vary by nation, but they primarily applied to venues such as cinemas, nightclubs, and venues hosting large organized events (including but not limited to concerts and sporting events). [ 82 ] In September 2021, Secretary of Health Sajid Javid stated that England would not implement a mandate for proof of vaccination, following pushback from Conservative members of parliament and business leaders over potential discrimination and economic harm. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Prime Minister Boris Johnson subsequently stated that England would focus on a strategy of contact tracing , rapid testing, and the rollout of vaccine boosters, and only included mandatory proof of vaccination in a package of "plan B" measures (including a reintroduction of mask mandates) in the event of another surge of COVID-19 cases. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] [ 89 ] The spread of Omicron variant in England would lead to the implementation of "plan B", resulting in proof of vaccination for nightclubs and large events becoming mandatory beginning 15 December. [ 90 ] These restrictions ended on 27 January 2022. [ 91 ] Residents wishing to attend events, bars, restaurants, and other dining establishments must present proof of vaccination. [ 92 ] Vaccine passport status in Canada: No plans for a vaccine passport Partial vaccine passport program in effect Vaccine passport program in effect Terminated vaccine passport An example proof of vaccination adhering to Canadian federal standards. The implementation of digital proof of vaccination in Canada has largely been conducted at the provincial and territorial level, with the federal government specifying the SMART Health Card document and QR code standard designed to be suitable for international travel. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ 95 ] As of November 2021, all ten provinces in Canada, and two of the three territories, had implemented or announced plans to implement a provincially-regulated vaccine passport. [ 93 ] Federal requirements and mandates Beginning 30 October 2021 proof of vaccination became mandatory for all passengers aged 12 and older boarding domestic and/or international commercial airplanes departing from most Canada-based airports, and those riding on the cross-country Via Rail services. [ 96 ] [ 94 ] [ 97 ] Travellers by land (via the United States border) are required to be fully vaccinated to enter Canada and must provide a negative test 72-hours before land crossing. [ 98 ] [ 99 ] An exception was made for essential workers, until January 15, 2022 when essential workers (mainly truckers ) were required to be fully vaccinated to re-enter the country. [ 100 ] In late-January 2022, a convoy to and demonstration in the federal capital of Ottawa —supported primarily by far-right activists and groups—was held to protest this change. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] Alberta implemented the Restrictions Exemption Program (REP) from 20 September 2021 to 8 February 2022, after re-establishing a state of emergency on 15 September 2021. The government described the program as an opt-in system, allowing establishments to operate with fewer restrictions. Visitors at these establishments were required to present a proof of vaccination or a recent negative test. If a facility does not participate, or is prohibited from participating, it was required to comply with all public health orders, such as reduced capacity and/or being prohibited from offering indoor dining. [ 104 ] Due to Omicron variant, even establishments participating in REP became subject to restrictions in December 2021, including restrictions on the capacity of large venues (50%), and restaurants subject to limits on table sizes, a prohibition on entertainment, and operating hours. [ 105 ] The city of Calgary passed a municipal bylaw on 23 September 2021 to mandate participation in REP by all industries that are eligible to do so. [ 106 ] The bylaw ceased on 9 February 2022 due to the lifting of the REP by the provincial government. The city considered reimplementing the mandate at the municipal level (as have several U.S. cities ) but such a proposal was rejected by the city council committee. [ 107 ] Manitoba was the first province to introduce a passport system in Canada on 17 July 2021. The passport requirement was removed for movie theatres, museums and galleries on 7 August 2021, [ 108 ] only to be reinstated on 3 September 2021, upon Manitoba expanding its passport system. The province utilized physical Immunization Cards which faced supply shortages in production. [ 109 ] Quebec was the second province to implement a vaccine passport system on 1 September 2021, using QR codes. [ 110 ] The Northwest Territories will implement an opt-in vaccine passport system on 22 October 2021 using original vaccination receipts. [ 111 ] British Columbia has created a Proof of vaccination system which utilises a QR code. The system initially relied on paper receipts of the BC vaccine receipt and gradually migrated to a digital system. The QR code can also be physically printed out. [ 112 ] New Brunswick requires a Proof of Vaccination system using original immunisation records. [ 113 ] Newfoundland and Labrador has plans to release a QR code based system for their vaccine passport. [ 114 ] Nova Scotia has a Proof of Full Vaccination Policy using original government issued proof of vaccination. [ 115 ] Ontario introduced a vaccine passport system on 22 September 2021. The system initially relied on original vaccine paper receipts, but gradually began switching over to verifiable QR codes along with the introduction of the "Verify Ontario" mobile app on 22 October 2021. [ 116 ] As of 4 January 2022, only vaccine receipts with verifiable QR codes and the "Verify Ontario" mobile app will be accepted at venues where proof of vaccine is required. [ 117 ] Prince Edward Island uses the PEI Vax Pass Program using original government issued vaccination information. [ 118 ] Saskatchewan has a Proof of vaccination mandate, effective from 1 October 2021 to 13 February 2022. [ 119 ] [ 120 ] [ 121 ] Yukon territory will implement a passport system on 30 November 2021 to access non-essential indoor facilities. [ 122 ] A map showing which US states have proposed or implemented (green), banned (red), or partially banned (yellow) COVID-19 vaccine passports. Gray indicates that the state has neither implemented or banned COVID-19 vaccine passports. Also included is states that have significant localities with COVID-19 vaccine passports (Aqua). Green includes states which have created a vaccine passport mobile application, but the application is not mandated to be used in the public or private sector. As of October 2021, no US states had mandated use of vaccine passports. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] [ 125 ] [ 126 ] [ 127 ] [ 128 ] Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issues a COVID-19 vaccine card that may be accepted as proof of vaccination (but is vulnerable to forgery and counterfeiting, and thus not a verifiable proof of vaccination), [ 129 ] [ 1 ] the United States does not have a federal framework for a digital vaccine passport, and federal officials explicitly ruled out doing so, citing privacy and human rights concerns. This leaves their implementations up to individual states and territories. [ 8 ] Prior to the issue becoming politicised, public views on vaccine passports were evenly split and the divide crossed, rather than followed, political and ideological lines. [ 130 ] Since then, criticism and conspiracy theories surrounding the vaccines in general, and in turn vaccine mandates, largely came from the political right ; for example, U.S. representative for Georgia's 14th congressional district Marjorie Taylor Greene , a Republican, asserted that requesting the disclosure of one's vaccine status was a violation of data privacy rules for the health care industry, even though said rules only apply to entities such as health insurers. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] [ 133 ] The state governments of California, Hawaii, Louisiana, New York, North Carolina, Delaware, and Virginia have each rolled out mechanisms where residents can choose to receive proof of COVID-19 vaccination in the form of a scannable QR code by linking to records within each state's immunization registry. [ 134 ] [ 135 ] [ 136 ] Illinois has a Vax Verify website, where residents can download proof of COVID-19 vaccination for businesses that require it. [ 137 ] In New Jersey, residents can obtain a digital COVID-19 vaccination record through its mobile app Docket; Governor Phil Murphy specifically avoided using the term "vaccine passport" to describe the service. [ 138 ] Each state credential has varying degrees of interoperability with other state and foreign governments; some states have closed systems, with QR codes that are only usable within the issuing state, and others have broad interoperability, with New York offering both types of credentials for its residents. [ 139 ] Arizona, Maryland, Mississippi, North Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia have contracted with the organization MyIR that interfaces with governmental vaccination records to produce a PDF proof of vaccination, but has also moved toward scannable QR codes. Health departments in Indiana, Colorado, and Georgia can provide proof of vaccination in PDF form but not via a QR code. [ 140 ] [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ] At least 20 states have prohibited public agencies from issuing or requiring a vaccine passport, while Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas also made it illegal for any private entity to request proof of vaccination as a condition of service, under the assertion that they discriminate against those who have made a personal choice to not receive the vaccine. [ 1 ] [ 144 ] [ 145 ] [ 146 ] Los Angeles County began a proof of vaccination system for indoor bars, restaurants, venues and nightclubs on 7 October 2021. [ 147 ] New York City began its Excelsior Pass or Key to NYC vaccine passport system for dining, fitness, events and indoor entertainment on 13 September 2021. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] [ 150 ] New Orleans began to require proof of vaccination or a negative test to enter indoor bars, restaurants, events, fitness, and sporting events on 16 August 2021. [ 151 ] In December 2020, the Brazilian Senate approved a document giving digital proof of all vaccinations – not just those in respect of COVID-19. However, the urgency for creating such a digital proof of vaccination came from the COVID-19 pandemic. [ 152 ] In May 2021, then Health Ministry Subsecretary, Paula Daza , mandated the "mobility pass" ( pase de movilidad ) in gyms, restaurants and swimming pools. This document was given to people with two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, later it was upscaled to three doses and later on in the same year four doses were required, being one of the most drastic vaccines passports in the world. [ 153 ] [ 154 ] Chile is the only country in the world with entry procedures such as requiring homologation of vaccines to travel to. [ 155 ] On 17 November 2021, the New Zealand Government launched a vaccine certificate called My Vaccine Pass for individuals who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The vaccine pass is required to enter hospitality venues, community, sport and faith-based gatherings as defined by the COVID-19 Protection Framework . They came into force on 29 November 2021. [ 156 ] [ 157 ] On 23 November, the New Zealand Government launched the NZ Pass Verifier to scan the passes. [ 158 ] On April 5, 2022, vaccine passes will no longer be required for most venues. [ 159 ] On June 1, 2022, all vaccine passes will become invalid, and will no longer be required for any venue. [ 160 ] Arguments and controversy As of September 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledged that mandatory COVID-19 vaccine passports would be discriminatory against countries with little access to vaccinations, but could eventually be considered for international travel when vaccine access improves. [ 161 ] In some jurisdictions, vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to mandate their use. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 162 ] [ 163 ] Ethical and social issues The ethical issues that arise in the acceptability of vaccine passports revolve around the policy objectives and the intended use. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The public health restriction on implementing vaccine passports limits the freedom of an individual to perform social activities. [ 164 ] Anti vaccine-mandate graffiti in Toronto , Canada (2021) People who are privileged to receive the vaccination will have gained access to going back to normal life while low-income populations will remain disproportionately low on vaccinations which hinders their ability to participate in non-essential activities. [ 164 ] Due to the imbalance in the distribution of vaccines in the developing world, there are concerns about the inequity of vaccine passports for travellers. [ 161 ] On 15 April 2021, the World Health Organization's emergency committee opposed vaccination passports, saying, "States parties are strongly encouraged to acknowledge the potential for requirements of proof of vaccination to deepen inequities and promote differential freedom of movement". [ 165 ] However, many countries may increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers when deciding to allow them entry or whether to require them to quarantine . "Some sort of vaccine certificate will be important" to reboot travel and tourism, according to Dr. David Nabarro , special envoy on COVID-19 for the WHO, in February 2021. [ 166 ] In March 2021, Bernardo Mariano, the WHO's Director of Digital Health and Innovation, said that "We don't approve the fact that a vaccination passport should be a condition for travel." [ 167 ] Lawmakers in several US states are also considering legislation to prohibit COVID-19 vaccination passports. [ 168 ] Ethical concerns about vaccine passports have been raised by Human Rights Watch (HRW). [ 169 ] According to HRW, requiring vaccine passports for work or travel could force people into taking tests or risk losing their jobs, [ 169 ] create a perverse incentive for people to intentionally infect themselves to acquire immunity certificates, [ 169 ] and risk creating a black market of forged or otherwise falsified vaccine cards. [ 169 ] By restricting social, civic, and economic activities, vaccine passports may "compound existing gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality inequities." [ 170 ] Immunity certificates also face privacy and human rights concerns. [ 171 ] A security vulnerability in the app used by New Jersey and Utah briefly made it possible to request the QR codes of other users, containing encoded name, date of birth, and vaccination history information. [ 172 ] On 24 September 2021, Saskatchewan Health Authority stated that digital vaccine records obtained in the province between 19 and 24 September may have accidentally contained the wrong QR code for the specific user. [ 173 ] People may acquire a degree of natural immunity from SARS-CoV-2 when they are exposed to the live virus, and develop a primary immune response which produces antibodies that can recognize specific variants. [ 174 ] As of May 2021, the WHO reported that more than 90% of individuals established recognizable antibodies within four weeks after an infection. For most people, these detectable antibodies roughly stay for at least 6–8 months. [ 175 ] However, antibodies may not guarantee immunity from novel variants and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 . The uncertainty of the science behind immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has raised issues over their applicability within passport frameworks. [ 174 ] [ 176 ] It has been argued that the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the Carte Jaune incentivize individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivize individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease. [ 170 ]
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vaccine+passports+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vaccine+passports+during+the+COVID-19+pandemic "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[2\.2.1 Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Azerbaijan) - [2\.2.2 China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#China) - [2\.2.3 Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Iran) - [2\.2.4 Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Israel) - [2\.2.5 Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Japan) - [2\.2.6 Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Saudi_Arabia) - [2\.2.7 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Singapore) - [2\.2.8 South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#South_Korea) - [2\.2.9 Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Taiwan) - [2\.3 Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Europe) - [2\.3.1 European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#European_Union) - [2\.3.1.1 Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Bulgaria) - [2\.3.1.2 Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Denmark) - [2\.3.1.3 France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France) - [2\.3.1.4 Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Germany) - [2\.3.1.5 Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Hungary) - [2\.3.1.6 Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ireland) - [2\.3.1.7 Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Italy) - [2\.3.1.8 Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Sweden) - [2\.3.1.9 Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ukraine) - [2\.3.1.10 United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#United_Kingdom) - [2\.3.1.11 North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#North_Macedonia) - [2\.4 North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#North_America) - [2\.4.1 Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Canada) - [2\.4.2 Federal requirements and mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Federal_requirements_and_mandates) - [2\.4.2.1 Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Alberta) - [2\.4.2.2 Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Manitoba) - [2\.4.2.3 Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Quebec) - [2\.4.2.4 Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Northwest_Territories) - [2\.4.2.5 Other provinces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Other_provinces) - [2\.4.3 United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#United_States) - [2\.4.3.1 Los Angeles County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Los_Angeles_County) - [2\.4.3.2 New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_York_City) - [2\.4.3.3 New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_Orleans) - [2\.5 South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#South_America) - [2\.5.1 Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil) - [2\.5.2 Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Chile) - [2\.6 Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Oceania) - [2\.6.1 New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#New_Zealand) - [3 Arguments and controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Arguments_and_controversy) Toggle Arguments and controversy subsection - [3\.1 Effect on vaccine uptake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Effect_on_vaccine_uptake) - [3\.2 Ethical and social issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Ethical_and_social_issues) - [3\.3 Digital privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Digital_privacy) - [3\.4 Vaccination certificates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Vaccination_certificates) - [3\.5 Natural immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Natural_immunity) - [4 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#See_also) - [5 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#References) Toggle the table of contents # Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic 7 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_19 "جوازات سفر اللقاح خلال جائحة كوفيد 19 – Arabic") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%82%9819_%EB%B0%B1%EC%8B%A0_%EC%97%AC%EA%B6%8C "코로나19 백신 여권 – Korean") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passaporti_vaccinali_durante_la_pandemia_da_COVID-19 "Passaporti vaccinali durante la pandemia da COVID-19 – Italian") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronasertifikat "Koronasertifikat – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronapassi "Koronapassi – Finnish") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%97_COVID-19 "Паспорти вакцинації під час пандемії COVID-19 – Ukrainian") - 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Use of immunity passports for COVID-19 vaccination [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_Pass_%282021%29.jpg/250px-Green_Pass_%282021%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Pass_\(2021\).jpg) An EU [Green Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Pass "Green Pass") in digital format being scanned before entering a bistro in [Parma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma "Parma"), Italy \| \| \|---\| \| Part of [a series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19_pandemic "Category:COVID-19 pandemic") on the \| \| [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [![Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png/250px-Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coronavirus._SARS-CoV-2.png "Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each \"ball\" is an atom.") Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. \| \| [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") (disease) [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") (virus) [Cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [Deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") \| \| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") 2020 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") 2021 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") 2022 [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") \| \| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") [By country and territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa") [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") By conveyance [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") \| \| International response [Endemic phase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_phase_of_COVID-19 "Endemic phase of COVID-19") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Origin of SARS-CoV-2") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_by_country "COVID-19 lockdowns by country") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") [by governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [Fake treatments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_and_development_of_software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [WTO IP waiver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIPS_Agreement_waiver "TRIPS Agreement waiver") [Undercounting of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") [COVID-19 apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_government_response_to_COVID-19 "Chinese government response to COVID-19") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Irish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| Medical response [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_COVID-19_tests "Development of COVID-19 tests") [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [VITT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports]() Current vaccines [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Medigen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") [Variants of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") Other variants [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") \| \| [Economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") and [recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Arts and culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_aviation "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Shipping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_global_supply_chain_crisis#Shipping "2021–2022 global supply chain crisis") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [sportscasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [By sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridiron football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") \| \| [Impacts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Neurological and psychological symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_COVID-19_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of COVID-19 on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Post-exertional malaise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-exertional_malaise "Post-exertional malaise") [Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [African diaspora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_African_diaspora "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the African diaspora") [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Alzheimer's disease patients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease_and_COVID-19 "Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Emergency evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_evacuation_procedures_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Emergency evacuation procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") [Female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBTQ community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBTQ_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBTQ community") [Long-term care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Migration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_migration "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on migration") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Notable deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") [Other health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Suicides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_suicide_rates "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates") [Telehealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_telehealth_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the telehealth industry") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") \| \| [![virus icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19 portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic sidebar") \| A vaccine passport or proof of vaccination is an [immunity passport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_passport "Immunity passport") employed as a credential[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1) in countries and jurisdictions as part of efforts to control the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") via [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine"). A vaccine passport is typically issued by a government or health authority, and usually consists of a digital or printed record. Some credentials may include a scannable [QR code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code "QR code"), which can also be provisioned via [mobile app](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app "Mobile app"). It may or may not use a [COVID-19 vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") as a basis of authentication. The use of vaccine passports is based on the general presumption that a vaccinated individual would be less likely to transmit [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") to others, and less likely to experience a severe outcome (hospitalization or death) [if they were to be infected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakthrough_infection "Breakthrough infection"), thus making it relatively safer for them to congregate. A vaccine passport is typically coordinated with policies enforced by individual businesses, or enforceable public health orders, that require patrons to present proof of vaccination for COVID-19 as a condition of entry or service. Government-mandated use of vaccine passports typically applies to discretionary public spaces and events (such as indoor restaurants, bars, or large-scale in-person events, such as [concerts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert "Concert") and [sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports "Sports")), and not essential businesses, such as retail stores or health care. In [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France"), [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy"),[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto6-2) [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland "Republic of Ireland"),[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-3) and [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada "Canada"),[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto7-4) vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to introduce vaccine passports. An intention by some jurisdictions is to prevent future [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") and restrictions.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-5) Vaccine passports are controversial and have raised scientific, ethical and legal concerns.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:10-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:1-7) Critics have also argued that vaccine passports violate civil liberties via [coercion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercion "Coercion").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:0-8) In the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"), there is no vaccine passport at a federal level, and some US states have preemptively banned vaccine passports in certain public and private sector contexts, citing discrimination and privacy concerns.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto13-9) [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England "England") initially decided against mandating vaccine passports due to worries that discrimination and economic harm would occur, but later joined the other nations of the United Kingdom in mandating vaccine passports due to the threat of the [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant"). ## History and background [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png/500px-World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_map_of_share_of_people_who_received_at_least_one_dose_of_COVID-19_vaccine_by_country.png) Countries by percentage of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Date is at the bottom of the map. Many governments, including Finland[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto9-10) and Germany,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto8-11) expressed early interest in the concept. Vaccine passports were seen as a potential way to permit a faster economic recovery from large-scale [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") that apply to all residents (especially within the travel and tourism industries), improve the confidence of patrons concerned for their health and safety, and to incentivize vaccination in order for a population to potentially reach "[herd immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herd_immunity "Herd immunity")".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-13) In May 2020, Chile started issuing "release certificates" to patients who had recovered from COVID-19, but "the documents will not yet certify immunity".[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-14) Many governments including Finland,[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto9-10) Germany,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto8-11) the United Kingdom,[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-15) and the United States[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-16) expressed interest in the concept. The [Royal Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society "Royal Society") published a report on 19 February 2021[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-17) where a lead author of the report, Professor Melinda Mills, Director of the Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science at the University of Oxford said: “Understanding what a vaccine passport could be used for is a fundamental question – is it literally a passport to allow international travel or could it be used domestically to allow holders greater freedoms? The intended use will have significant implications across a wide range of legal and ethical issues that need to be fully explored and could inadvertently discriminate or exacerbate existing inequalities.” The report lists 12 essential criteria for an international standard. On 12 March 2021, [Ecma International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecma_International "Ecma International") announced its intention to create an international standard which prevents counterfeits and protects private data as much as possible in a "Call for Participation on Vaccine Passports International Standardization" [\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto5-18) that referenced the earlier report from the UK's Royal Society. In August 2021, Ecma International announced revisions to Ecma-417 (Architectures for distributed real-time access systems) relevant to standards for vaccine passports.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto4-19) An early advocate of immunity passports during the COVID-19 pandemic was [Sam Rainsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Rainsy "Sam Rainsy"), the Cambodian opposition leader. In exile and under confinement in Paris, he proposed immunity passports as a way to help restart the economy in a series of articles which he began in March 2020 and published in The Geopolitics and The Brussels Times.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-22) The proposals were also published in French.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-23) The idea became increasingly relevant as evidence of lasting acquired immunity became clear.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-24) Proponents of the idea such as [Sam Rainsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Rainsy "Sam Rainsy"), co-founder of the opposition [Cambodia National Rescue Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia_National_Rescue_Party "Cambodia National Rescue Party") (CNRP) have argued that immunity, whether acquired naturally or through vaccination, is a resource which needs to be used to limit the impact of the pandemic on the global economy.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-25) Many people in Cambodia depend entirely for their living on a tourism industry which has been wiped out. Poor countries can also benefit from recording immunological status as this will reduce wastage of scarce vaccines. The immunity passport proposed by Rainsy was effectively adopted in the EU under the name of "health pass".[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-26) As of 4 April 2021,[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic&action=edit) it was not yet clear whether vaccinated people that remain asymptomatic are still contagious and are thus silent spreaders of the virus putting unvaccinated people at risk. "A lot of people are thinking that once they get vaccinated, they’re not going to have to wear masks anymore," said Michal Tal, an immunologist at Stanford University. "It’s really going to be critical for them to know if they have to keep wearing masks, because they could still be contagious."[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-27) In January 2021, Israel announced that Israelis who had received their second vaccination and those who had proof of recovery from infection would be eligible for a [Green Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Pass "Green Pass"), exempting them from isolation requirements[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-28) and mandatory COVID-19 tests, including those on arrival from overseas.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-globes-29) In February 2021, Israel became one of the first countries to implement a vaccine passport system, dubbed the Green Pass. They are required in order to access venues such as gyms, hotels, bars, and restaurants.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-30)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-31)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:23-32) In October 2021, Israel announced an update to its guidelines, requiring that the most recent vaccine dose (or proof of recovery) to have been during the past six months. This change made Israel the first country to make a booster shot a requirement for its vaccine passport system.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-33) ## By region See also: [Vaccination policy § Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_policy#Table "Vaccination policy") ### Africa #### Morocco Main article: [COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") In August 2021, Morocco established a nightly [curfew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curfew "Curfew") between 23:00 and 04:30, exempting those fully vaccinated.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-34) The curfew was lifted in November 2021.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-35) ### Asia #### Azerbaijan See also: [COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") Beginning on 1 September 2021, Azerbaijan required proof of vaccination for people over 18 to enter virtually all public spaces, and a national mandate of 1 October required vaccination of all state-regulated workers.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-36) #### China See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_China "COVID-19 vaccination in China") In February 2020, China started to use digital "health codes", available on a variety of platforms including [WeChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat "WeChat") and [Alipay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alipay "Alipay") with scannable QR barcodes displaying a "traffic light" system of colours to enter public transport, shops, restaurants and malls. It was used 40 billion times between February and March.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) In March 2021, an "International Travel Health Certificate" was created.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-38) In March 2021,[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:5-39) the [government of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_China "Government of China") rolled out the world's first[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:4-40) COVID-19 vaccine passport system through a partnership[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) with [Alipay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alipay "Alipay") and [WeChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat "WeChat"). The system provides a health certificate that includes an individual's vaccine status and the results of COVID-19 testing.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:4-40)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:5-39) Initially, the system would only indicate that an individual had been vaccinated if they received a Chinese-made coronavirus vaccine, leading to criticism, though by April 2021 the system began to accept records of receiving the [Pfizer-BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine"), [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine"), and [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") vaccines.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-41) As of March 2021, the app was optional and its use was restricted to [Chinese citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_nationality_law "Chinese nationality law").[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) The digital health passport is intended to better facilitate travel.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-42)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37) Privacy advocates and Chinese [netizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netizen "Netizen") have expressed concerns regarding the potential invasive data collection and the use of data for non-health monitoring purposes.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:3-37)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-43) #### Iran According to Minister of health and education requires passport number, Iranian national ID card code for issuing vaccine digital foreign travel card.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-44) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg/250px-Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foreign_travel_iranian_gov_mohe_vacineCard-covid1_1.jpg) Iranian card #### Israel See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") Israel was one of the first countries to issue what is known as a [Green Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Pass "Green Pass") in February 2021.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto3-45) The pass was discontinued on 1 June 2021,[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto3-45) but following a surge of new infections, it was reinstated on 29 July 2021.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-46) In October 2021, all existing Green Passes were voided if the most recent shot was administered more than 6 months ago. A new pass would be issued upon proof of a third (booster) dose or a recovery within the past 6 months.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto2-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-48) A temporary Green Pass could also be obtained with a negative viral test, but must be paid for by the individual unless ineligible for vaccination.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-49) Starting 1 March 2022, most COVID-19 regulations were relaxed, and a Green Pass is now only required to enter old age homes.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-50) #### Japan See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") On 19 July 2021, Japan began accepting applications for its COVID-19 vaccination passport program. When issued, the passports will be in paper form in both Japanese and English, showing the holder's date(s) of inoculation and the vaccine type, and are available free of charge.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-51) As of 20 December 2021, entry restrictions were relaxed for Japan vaccine passport holders in 76 countries.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-52) #### Saudi Arabia See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi Arabia") Residents attending restaurants, cafes and public spaces like malls, shopping centres and markets must be fully vaccinated. The country uses the Tawakkalna app which includes information for health appointments, vaccination status and alerts users to COVID-19 exposure for [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing") purposes.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] #### Singapore See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") Since 10 August 2021, all residents dining out must be fully vaccinated by showing proof of vaccination using the TraceTogether or HealthHub app, or use the TraceTogether token. Proof of vaccination has been progressively implemented in almost all public venues since 13 October 2021, starting with shopping malls, retail shops, entertainment venues except bars, nightclubs and karaoke parlours, attractions, cruises and eateries. It has since been expanded to include large events, public libraries, selected events at community buildings and will be expanded to tertiary institutions, places of lodging, small events and workplaces from January 2022.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] #### South Korea See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") On 1 November 2021, a vaccine passport system went into effect in [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") as part of a "[living with COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_with_COVID-19 "Living with COVID-19")" strategy, requiring vaccination of all residents wishing to access high-risk areas such as bars, restaurants, gyms and saunas must be vaccinated.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-53)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-54) #### Taiwan See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") On 25 October 2021, the Taiwanese government announced that the digital COVID certificate system in the country had been completed.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-55) In December 2021, the system was also recognised by the EU as an equivalent of the EU Digital Covid Certificate. On 20 January 2022, Taiwan officially released the certificate and implemented rules that it be required before entering bars or karaoke alike.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-56) ### Europe #### European Union Main article: [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") The [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") offers an EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC), also known as the Green Pass, a digitally-signed proof of vaccination, proof of a recent recovery, or a recent negative test, for use when travelling within the [Schengen area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schengen_area "Schengen area") with fewer restrictions.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] ##### Bulgaria See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") On 19 October 2021, the caretaker Minister of Health of Bulgaria, Stoycho Katsarov, introduced the Green Certificate ([Bulgarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language "Bulgarian language"): Зелен Сертификат). Since 21 October 2021, all visitors to cinemas, theaters, concerts, museums, galleries, supermarkets over 300 square meters, fitness centers, gyms, restaurants and entertainment centers in [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria "Bulgaria") have to prove that they are vaccinated, have a valid negative test from last 72 hours or have been ill recently.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-57)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-58) The restrictions ended on 10 March 2022.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-59) ##### Denmark See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") Denmark introduced a Coronapas on 21 April 2021. Those unvaccinated with a recently negative test of 72 hours or previous infection of COVID-19 of up to 12 weeks prior were included in the pass system. Due to the high uptake of vaccines, Denmark retired their system on 10 September 2021.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-60)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-61) ##### France See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") France issued a Health Pass (or Pass Sanitaire in French) on 9 August 2021, for use in non-essential settings for those 18 and older.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto1-62)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto-63) To obtain the pass people must be fully vaccinated or undertake a test within 72 hours of attending a non-essential space or have recovered recently from an infection of the virus.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-64) The initial announcement of the pass system is believed to have encouraged an additional one million people to sign up for vaccination the day following the announcement,[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto-63) and is credited to encouraging a further 3.7 million people to sign up for vaccination in the following week.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-65) Starting 1 October 2021, those age 12 and older will require a Pass Sanitaire to enter public sites like restaurants, cinemas, and sporting events.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto1-62)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-66) ##### Germany See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Internationaler_Impfausweis.png/250px-Internationaler_Impfausweis.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internationaler_Impfausweis.png) The standard yellow vaccine booklet used in Germany. In Germany, proof of COVID vaccinations or recent recovery, is typically entered in the [International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_or_Prophylaxis "International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis") ([German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language "German language"): Impfausweis), similar to how other vaccinations for other diseases are recorded. The entry in this booklet can be used to acquire an [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate"), in accordance with EU Directive 2021/953, effective 1 July 2021.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-67) ##### Hungary Outside of the application of the EUDCC, Hungary recognises [Kazakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan")[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-68) and Indian[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-69) vaccine passports. ##### Ireland See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") In July 2021, [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland "Republic of Ireland") introduced a vaccine certificate program ([EU Digital COVID Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate")) which allowed vaccinated individuals to attend cafes, bars and restaurants. Due to one of the highest uptakes of COVID-19 vaccines in the world, the Republic of Ireland (but not Northern Ireland) had plans to retire their vaccine passport program on 22 October 2021 however this was postponed due to increased COVID-19 cases and hospital numbers.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-70)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-71) On 22 January 2022, the Republic of Ireland's vaccine passport programme was retired, except for international travel.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-72) ##### Italy See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") and [COVID-19 pandemic in Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") In August 2021 the Italian government extended the requirement of the [EU Digital COVID Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#European_Union), also known as a Green Pass, to the participation in sports events and music festivals, but also to access to indoor places like bars, restaurants and gyms, as well as to long-distance public transportation.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-73) On 15 October 2021, Italy became the first country in the world to require its entire workforce, public and private, to have a government-issued health pass.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-74)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-75) ##### Sweden On 1 December 2021 the Swedish government introduced vaccine passports for indoor events with more than 100 people. Indoor events with more than 100 participants who do not use vaccination certificates must follow specific guidelines to avoid spreading the disease.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-76)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-77) ##### Ukraine Main article: [COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") In [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine "Ukraine"), citizens with at least one dose of a vaccine are allowed to attend certain high-risk indoor settings which would normally be closed or heavily restricted in hot spots.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-78)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-79) ##### United Kingdom Main article: [COVID passports in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_passports_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID passports in the United Kingdom") Proof of vaccination programs exist in the [Home Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Nations "Home Nations") of the United Kingdom, with England and Wales referring to them as "NHS COVID Pass", Scotland as "[NHS Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Scotland "NHS Scotland") Covid Status",[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-80) and Northern Ireland as "COVIDCert NI".[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:6-82) By December 2021, all four nations had mandated proof of vaccination or a recent negative test in specific settings. The exact rules vary by nation, but they primarily applied to venues such as cinemas, nightclubs, and venues hosting large organized events (including but not limited to concerts and sporting events).[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:6-82) In September 2021, Secretary of Health [Sajid Javid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajid_Javid "Sajid Javid") stated that England would not implement a mandate for proof of vaccination, following pushback from [Conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Party_\(UK\) "Conservative Party (UK)") members of parliament and business leaders over potential discrimination and economic harm.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-83)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-84)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-85)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-86) Prime Minister Boris Johnson subsequently stated that England would focus on a strategy of [contact tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact_tracing "Contact tracing"), rapid testing, and the rollout of vaccine boosters, and only included mandatory proof of vaccination in a package of "plan B" measures (including a reintroduction of mask mandates) in the event of another surge of COVID-19 cases.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-BBCExplainer-87)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-88)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-89) The spread of [Omicron variant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_variant "Omicron variant") in England would lead to the implementation of "plan B", resulting in proof of vaccination for nightclubs and large events becoming mandatory beginning 15 December.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-90) These restrictions ended on 27 January 2022.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-91) ##### North Macedonia See also: [COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") Residents wishing to attend events, bars, restaurants, and other dining establishments must present proof of vaccination.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-92) ### North America #### Canada [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg/250px-Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canada_provinces_and_territories_with_COVID-19_Vaccine_Passports.svg) Vaccine passport status in Canada: No plans for a vaccine passport Partial vaccine passport program in effect Vaccine passport program in effect Terminated vaccine passport [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg/250px-Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Canadian_COVID-19_proof_of_vaccination.jpg) An example proof of vaccination adhering to Canadian federal standards. See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") The implementation of digital proof of vaccination in Canada has largely been conducted at the provincial and territorial level, with the federal government specifying the [SMART Health Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART_Health_Card "SMART Health Card") document and QR code standard designed to be suitable for international travel.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-gilmore-93)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-can-pov-94)[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-95) As of November 2021, all ten provinces in Canada, and two of the three territories, had implemented or announced plans to implement a provincially-regulated vaccine passport.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-gilmore-93) #### Federal requirements and mandates Beginning 30 October 2021 proof of vaccination became mandatory for all passengers aged 12 and older boarding domestic and/or international commercial airplanes departing from most Canada-based airports, and those riding on the cross-country [Via Rail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Rail "Via Rail") services.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-96)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-can-pov-94)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-97) Travellers by land (via the United States border) are required to be fully vaccinated to enter Canada and must provide a negative test 72-hours before land crossing.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-98)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-99) An exception was made for essential workers, until January 15, 2022 when essential workers (mainly [truckers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truckers "Truckers")) were required to be fully vaccinated to re-enter the country.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-100) In late-January 2022, a [convoy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Convoy_2022 "Freedom Convoy 2022") to and demonstration in the federal capital of [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottawa "Ottawa")—supported primarily by far-right activists and groups—was held to protest this change.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-TStarTruckers-101)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-BayNewsMuddies-102)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto42-103) ##### Alberta Alberta implemented the Restrictions Exemption Program (REP) from 20 September 2021 to 8 February 2022, after re-establishing a state of emergency on 15 September 2021. The government described the program as an opt-in system, allowing establishments to operate with fewer restrictions. Visitors at these establishments were required to present a proof of vaccination or a recent negative test. If a facility does not participate, or is prohibited from participating, it was required to comply with all public health orders, such as reduced capacity and/or being prohibited from offering indoor dining.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-104) Due to Omicron variant, even establishments participating in REP became subject to restrictions in December 2021, including restrictions on the capacity of large venues (50%), and restaurants subject to limits on table sizes, a prohibition on entertainment, and operating hours.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-105) The city of [Calgary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgary "Calgary") passed a municipal bylaw on 23 September 2021 to mandate participation in REP by all industries that are eligible to do so.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-106) The bylaw ceased on 9 February 2022 due to the lifting of the REP by the provincial government. The city considered reimplementing the mandate at the municipal level (as have[several U.S. cities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States#Mandates_for_entry_to_private_facilities "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States")) but such a proposal was rejected by the city council committee.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-107) ##### Manitoba [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") was the first province to introduce a passport system in Canada on 17 July 2021. The passport requirement was removed for movie theatres, museums and galleries on 7 August 2021,[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-108) only to be reinstated on 3 September 2021, upon Manitoba expanding its passport system. The province utilized physical Immunization Cards which faced supply shortages in production.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-109) ##### Quebec [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") was the second province to implement a vaccine passport system on 1 September 2021, using QR codes.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Vaxicode-110) ##### Northwest Territories The [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") will implement an opt-in vaccine passport system on 22 October 2021 using original vaccination receipts.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-10-18-111) ##### Other provinces - [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") has created a Proof of vaccination system which utilises a QR code. The system initially relied on paper receipts of the BC vaccine receipt and gradually migrated to a digital system. The QR code can also be physically printed out.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-112) - [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") requires a Proof of Vaccination system using original immunisation records.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-113) - [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") has plans to release a QR code based system for their vaccine passport.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-09-20-114) - [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") has a Proof of Full Vaccination Policy using original government issued proof of vaccination.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-115) - [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") introduced a vaccine passport system on 22 September 2021. The system initially relied on original vaccine paper receipts, but gradually began switching over to verifiable QR codes along with the introduction of the "Verify Ontario" mobile app on 22 October 2021.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-116) As of 4 January 2022, only vaccine receipts with verifiable QR codes and the "Verify Ontario" mobile app will be accepted at venues where proof of vaccine is required.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-117) - [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") uses the PEI Vax Pass Program using original government issued vaccination information.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-118) - [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") has a Proof of vaccination mandate, effective from 1 October 2021 to 13 February 2022.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:38-119)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-120)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-121) - [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") territory will implement a passport system on 30 November 2021 to access non-essential indoor facilities.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-CBC_2021-10-15-122) #### United States See also: [COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") [![Map showing (1) California, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Delaware and Virginia have implemented COVID-19 vaccine passports; (2) Alabama, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming have banned COVID-19 passports; (3) that Alaska, Arkansas, Georgia, Missouri, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Utah have partially banned COVID-19 vaccine passports; (4) that Washington has a significant locality that has implemented a COVID-19 passport](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg/250px-COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:COVID_vaccine_passports_by_state.svg) A map showing which US states have proposed or implemented (green), banned (red), or partially banned (yellow) COVID-19 vaccine passports. Gray indicates that the state has neither implemented or banned COVID-19 vaccine passports. Also included is states that have significant localities with COVID-19 vaccine passports (Aqua). Green includes states which have created a vaccine passport mobile application, but the application is not mandated to be used in the public or private sector. As of October 2021, no US states had mandated use of vaccine passports.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-123)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-124)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-125)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-126)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-127)[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-128) Although the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention") (CDC) issues a [COVID-19 vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") that may be accepted as proof of vaccination (but is vulnerable to forgery and counterfeiting, and thus not a verifiable proof of vaccination),[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-129)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1) the United States does not have a federal framework for a digital vaccine passport, and federal officials explicitly ruled out doing so, citing [privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy "Privacy") and [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights "Human rights") concerns. This leaves their implementations up to individual states and territories.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:0-8) Prior to the issue becoming politicised, public views on vaccine passports were evenly split and the divide crossed, rather than followed, political and ideological lines.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-130) Since then, criticism and conspiracy theories surrounding the vaccines in general, and in turn vaccine mandates, largely came from the [political right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States "Conservatism in the United States"); for example, [U.S. representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") for [Georgia's 14th congressional district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%27s_14th_congressional_district "Georgia's 14th congressional district") [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene"), a Republican, asserted that requesting the disclosure of one's vaccine status was a violation of [data privacy rules](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Insurance_Portability_and_Accountability_Act "Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act") for the health care industry, even though said rules only apply to entities such as health insurers.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-131)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-132)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-133) The state governments of California, Hawaii, Louisiana, New York, North Carolina, Delaware, and Virginia have each rolled out mechanisms where residents can choose to receive proof of COVID-19 vaccination in the form of a scannable QR code by linking to records within each state's immunization registry.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-134)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-135)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-136) Illinois has a Vax Verify website, where residents can download proof of COVID-19 vaccination for businesses that require it.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-137) In New Jersey, residents can obtain a digital COVID-19 vaccination record through its mobile app Docket; Governor [Phil Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Murphy "Phil Murphy") specifically avoided using the term "vaccine passport" to describe the service.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-138) Each state credential has varying degrees of interoperability with other state and foreign governments; some states have closed systems, with QR codes that are only usable within the issuing state, and others have broad interoperability, with New York offering both types of credentials for its residents.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-139) Arizona, Maryland, Mississippi, North Dakota, Washington, West Virginia, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia have contracted with the organization MyIR that interfaces with governmental vaccination records to produce a PDF proof of vaccination, but has also moved toward scannable QR codes. Health departments in Indiana, Colorado, and Georgia can provide proof of vaccination in PDF form but not via a QR code.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-140)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-141)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-142)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-143) At least 20 states have prohibited public agencies from issuing or requiring a vaccine passport, while Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Montana, and Texas also made it illegal for any private entity to request proof of vaccination as a condition of service, under the assertion that they [discriminate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination "Discrimination") against those who have made a [personal choice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty "Liberty") to not receive the vaccine.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:2-1)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-144)[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:20-145)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-146) ##### Los Angeles County [Los Angeles County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_County "Los Angeles County") began a proof of vaccination system for indoor bars, restaurants, venues and nightclubs on 7 October 2021.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-147) ##### New York City [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") began its Excelsior Pass or Key to NYC vaccine passport system for dining, fitness, events and indoor entertainment on 13 September 2021.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-148)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-149)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-150) ##### New Orleans [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") began to require proof of vaccination or a negative test to enter indoor bars, restaurants, events, fitness, and sporting events on 16 August 2021.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-151) ### South America #### Brazil See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") In December 2020, the [Brazilian Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Senate "Brazilian Senate") approved a document giving digital proof of all vaccinations – not just those in respect of COVID-19. However, the urgency for creating such a digital proof of vaccination came from the COVID-19 pandemic.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-152) #### Chile See also: [COVID-19 vaccination in Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chile "COVID-19 vaccination in Chile") In May 2021, then Health Ministry Subsecretary, [Paula Daza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_Daza "Paula Daza"), mandated the "mobility pass" (pase de movilidad) in gyms, restaurants and swimming pools. This document was given to people with two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine, later it was upscaled to three doses and later on in the same year four doses were required, being one of the most drastic vaccines passports in the world.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-153)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-154) Chile is the only country in the world with entry procedures such as requiring homologation of vaccines to travel to.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-155) ### Oceania #### New Zealand Main article: [My Vaccine Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Vaccine_Pass "My Vaccine Pass") On 17 November 2021, the [New Zealand Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Government "New Zealand Government") launched a vaccine certificate called My Vaccine Pass for individuals who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The vaccine pass is required to enter hospitality venues, community, sport and faith-based gatherings as defined by the [COVID-19 Protection Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand#Traffic_light_system "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand"). They came into force on 29 November 2021.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-RNZ_My_Vaccine_Pass-156)[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-ODT_My_Vaccine_Pass-157) On 23 November, the New Zealand Government launched the [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") to scan the passes.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-158) On April 5, 2022, vaccine passes will no longer be required for most venues.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-159) On June 1, 2022, all vaccine passes will become invalid, and will no longer be required for any venue.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-160) ## Arguments and controversy As of September 2021, the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO) acknowledged that mandatory COVID-19 vaccine passports would be discriminatory against countries with little access to vaccinations, but could eventually be considered for international travel when vaccine access improves.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-css-161) ### Effect on vaccine uptake In some jurisdictions, vaccine uptake increased after various levels of governments announced plans to mandate their use.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto6-2)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-auto7-4)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-162)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-163) ### Ethical and social issues The ethical issues that arise in the acceptability of vaccine passports revolve around the policy objectives and the intended use.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:10-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:1-7) The public health restriction on implementing vaccine passports limits the freedom of an individual to perform social activities.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:9-164) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_%282021%29.png/250px-Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_%282021%29.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vandalism_against_Justin_Trudeau_and_the_Covid-19_Passport_in_Toronto_\(2021\).png) Anti vaccine-mandate graffiti in [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto "Toronto"), Canada (2021) People who are privileged to receive the vaccination will have gained access to going back to normal life while low-income populations will remain disproportionately low on vaccinations which hinders their ability to participate in non-essential activities.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:9-164) Due to the imbalance in the distribution of vaccines in the developing world, there are concerns about the inequity of vaccine passports for travellers.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-css-161) On 15 April 2021, the World Health Organization's emergency committee opposed vaccination passports, saying, "States parties are strongly encouraged to acknowledge the potential for requirements of proof of vaccination to deepen inequities and promote differential freedom of movement".[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-165) However, many countries may increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers when deciding to allow them entry or whether to require them to [quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine "Quarantine"). "Some sort of vaccine certificate will be important" to reboot travel and tourism, according to Dr. [David Nabarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Nabarro "David Nabarro"), special envoy on COVID-19 for the WHO, in February 2021.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-166) In March 2021, Bernardo Mariano, the WHO's Director of [Digital Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_health "Digital health") and Innovation, said that "We don't approve the fact that a vaccination passport should be a condition for travel."[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-167) Lawmakers in several US states are also considering legislation to prohibit COVID-19 vaccination passports.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-168) [Ethical concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ethics "Medical ethics") about vaccine passports have been raised by [Human Rights Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch "Human Rights Watch") (HRW).[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) According to HRW, requiring vaccine passports for work or travel could force people into taking tests or risk losing their jobs,[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) create a [perverse incentive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perverse_incentive "Perverse incentive") for people to intentionally infect themselves to acquire immunity certificates,[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) and risk creating a [black market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_market "Black market") of forged or otherwise falsified vaccine cards.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-nyt-hrw-169) By restricting social, civic, and economic activities, vaccine passports may "compound existing gender, race, ethnicity, and nationality inequities."[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan-170) Immunity certificates also face privacy and human rights concerns.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-171) ### Digital privacy A security vulnerability in the app used by New Jersey and Utah briefly made it possible to request the QR codes of other users, containing encoded name, date of birth, and vaccination history information.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-172) On 24 September 2021, [Saskatchewan Health Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan_Health_Authority "Saskatchewan Health Authority") stated that digital vaccine records obtained in the province between 19 and 24 September may have accidentally contained the wrong QR code for the specific user.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-173) ### Vaccination certificates Main article: [COVID-19 vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") ### Natural immunity People may acquire a degree of [natural immunity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_\(medical\) "Immunity (medical)") from SARS-CoV-2 when they are exposed to the live virus, and develop a primary [immune response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response "Immune response") which produces [antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody "Antibody") that can recognize specific variants.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:62-174) As of May 2021, the [WHO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization%27s_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "World Health Organization's response to the COVID-19 pandemic") reported that more than 90% of individuals established recognizable antibodies within four weeks after an infection. For most people, these detectable antibodies roughly stay for at least 6–8 months.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:72-175) However, antibodies may not guarantee immunity from novel [variants and mutations of SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2"). The uncertainty of the science behind immunity to SARS-CoV-2 has raised issues over their applicability within passport frameworks.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-:62-174)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan2-176) It has been argued that the primary difference is that vaccination certificates such as the [Carte Jaune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Certificate_of_Vaccination "International Certificate of Vaccination") incentivize individuals to obtain vaccination against a disease, while immunity passports incentivize individuals to get infected with and recover from a disease.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_note-Phelan-170) ## See also - [COVID-19 vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") - [COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") - [Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") - [Electronic health record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_health_record "Electronic health record") - [Living with COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_with_COVID-19 "Living with COVID-19") - [Patient record access](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_record_access "Patient record access") - [Vaccination requirements for international travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_requirements_for_international_travel "Vaccination requirements for international travel") ## References 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:2_1-2) ["FAQ: What Is A Vaccine 'Passport,' And What Are These Credentials Used For?"](https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/04/08/faq-what-vaccine-passport-and-what-are-these-credentials-used-for). Georgia Public Broadcasting. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021. 2. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto6_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto6_2-1) Hart, Robert. ["Vaccine Passports Spur Explosion In Vaccinations—And Protests—As Europe Cracks Down On Vaccine Holdouts"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/07/27/explosion-in-vaccinations-and-protests-follow-health-pass-announcements-as-europe-cracks-down-on-vaccine-holdouts/). Forbes. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-3)* ["Covid-19: Irish vaccine passports 'accelerated' jab uptake"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58722878). BBC News. 2 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021. 4. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto7_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto7_4-1) ["With vaccine passports around the corner, Niagara sees increase in vaccination appointments; 55 new COVID cases Sunday"](https://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/news/niagara-region/2021/09/04/with-vaccine-passports-around-the-corner-niagara-sees-increase-in-vaccination-appointments.html). stcatharinesstandard.com. 4 September 2021. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-5)* Ali Raza (30 August 2021). ["Vaccine passports crucial to prevent future COVID-19 lockdowns, hospitality industry says"](https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/vaccine-certificates-hospitality-lockdowns-1.6158987). CBC News. Retrieved 2 November 2021. 6. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:10_6-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:10_6-1) Voo TC, Reis AA, Thomé B, Ho CW, Tam CC, Kelly-Cirino C, et al. (February 2021). ["Immunity certification for COVID-19: ethical considerations"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856365). Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 99* (2): 155–161\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2471/blt.20.280701](https://doi.org/10.2471%2Fblt.20.280701). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [7856365](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856365). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [33551509](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33551509). 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:1_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:1_7-1) Dada, Sara; Battles, Heather; Pilbeam, Caitlin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Solomon, Tom; Gobat, Nina (27 September 2021). ["Learning from the past & present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation"](https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4663947/1/s41599-021-00898-4.pdf) (PDF). Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 8* (1): 1–9\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1057/s41599-021-00898-4](https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-021-00898-4). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2662-9992](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2662-9992). 8. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:0_8-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-:0_8-1) ["Covid: US rules out federal vaccine passports"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-56657194). BBC News. 6 April 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2021. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto13_9-0)* ["Vaccine passports: 10 states with digital credentials & 20 states with bans"](https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/consumerism/vaccine-passports-7-states-with-digital-credentials-21-states-with-bans.html). beckershospitalreview.com. September 2021. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto9_10-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto9_10-1) Mutanen A. ["Suomalaiset tutkijat kehittivät vasta-ainetestin, joka paljastaa, kuka on jo sairastanut koronaviruksen"](https://www.hs.fi/tiede/art-2000006450798.html). Helsingin Sanomat* (in Finnish). Retrieved 1 May 2020. 11. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto8_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto8_11-1) Day, Joel (1 April 2020). ["Coronavirus breakthrough: Germany roll outs promising antibody test to end lockdown"](https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1263131/coronavirus-europe-angela-merkel-germany-latest-antibody-test-nhs-news-vaccine). Daily Express. Retrieved 1 May 2020. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-12)* ["Travelling this summer? You will likely need a vaccine passport"](https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/5/4/g-20-nations-set-to-back-covid-vaccine-passports). Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 September 2021. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-13) Asi, Yara M. (13 March 2021). ["The pros and cons of vaccine passports"](https://www.fastcompany.com/90614712/the-pros-and-cons-of-vaccine-passports). Fast Company. Retrieved 24 September 2021. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-14) ["In reversal, Chile says coronavirus release certificates will not prove immunity"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chile/in-reversal-chile-says-coronavirus-release-certificates-will-not-prove-immunity-idUSKBN22B2ZY). Reuters. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-15) ["Britain looking at COVID-19 immunity certificates but more research needed"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201004153050/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/coronavirus-covid-19-united-kingdom-immunity-certificate-12604182). Channel NewsAsia. 3 April 2020. Archived from [the original](https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/coronavirus-covid-19-united-kingdom-immunity-certificate-12604182) on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-16) Lofgren K (10 April 2020). ["Anthony Fauci Says Government Is Discussing Immunity Cards For Coronavirus Survivors"](https://www.inquisitr.com/5990370/coronavirus-id-fauci/). Inquistr. Retrieved 1 May 2020. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-17) ["12 challenges for vaccine passports"](https://royalsociety.org/news/2021/02/12-challenges-for-vaccine-passports/). The Royal Society. 19 February 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021. ""International standardisation is one of the criteria we believe essential, but we have already seen some countries introducing vaccine certificates related to travel or linked to quarantine or attending events. We need a broader discussion about multiple aspects of a vaccine passport, from the science of immunity through to data privacy, technical challenges and the ethics and legality of how it might be used." The report sets out 12 criteria that need to be satisfied in order to deliver a vaccine passport. A vaccine passport should: 1) Meet benchmarks for COVID-19 immunity 2) Accommodate differences between vaccines in their efficacy, and changes in vaccine efficacy against emerging variants 3) Be internationally standardised 4) Have verifiable credentials 5) Have defined uses 6) Be based on a platform of interoperable technologies 7) Be secure for personal data 8) Be portable 9) Be affordable to individuals and governments 10) Meet legal standards 11) Meet ethical standards 12) Have conditions of use that are understood and accepted by the passport holders" 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto5_18-0) ["Call for participation on vaccine passport international standardization"](https://www.ecma-international.org/news/ecma-tc51-committee-is-calling-for-participation-and-for-feedback-from-interested-stakeholders-on-the-development-of-a-vaccine-passport-international-standardization/). Ecma International. 12 April 2021. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-auto4_19-0) ["Standard on vaccine passport"](https://www.ecma-international.org/wp-content/uploads/ECMA-417.pdf) (PDF). Ecma International. 9 August 2021. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-20) Rainsy S (27 March 2020). ["How to Prevent COVID-19 From Paralysing the World's Economy"](https://thegeopolitics.com/how-to-prevent-covid-19-from-paralysing-the-worlds-economy/). The Geopolitics. Retrieved 26 February 2021. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-21) Rainsy S (12 April 2020). ["Immunity Passports: A proposal to revive tourism, international trade and transport"](https://www.brusselstimes.com/opinion/105720/immunity-passports-a-proposal-to-revive-tourism-international-trade-and-transport-and-the-world-economy/). The Brussels Times. Retrieved 26 February 2021. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-22) ["International Immunity Passports Can Help Restore Freedom of Movement"](https://thegeopolitics.com/international-immunity-passports-can-help-restore-freedom-of-movement/). The Geopolitics. 8 April 2020. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-23) ["CAMBODGE – CORONAVIRUS: L'appel de Sam Rainsy pour des passeports «immunitaires afin de combattre l'épidémie mondiale de Covid 19"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210709192248/http://www.gavroche-thailande.com/actualites/ailleurs-en-asie/111853-cambodge-coronavirus-l-appel-de-sam-rainsy-pour-des-passeports-immunitaires-afin-de-combattre-l-epidemie-mondiale-de-covid-19). gavroche-thailande.com (in French). Archived from [the original](http://www.gavroche-thailande.com/actualites/ailleurs-en-asie/111853-cambodge-coronavirus-l-appel-de-sam-rainsy-pour-des-passeports-immunitaires-afin-de-combattre-l-epidemie-mondiale-de-covid-19) on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2021. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-24) Mandavilli A (17 November 2020). ["Immunity to the Coronavirus May Last Years, New Data Hint"](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/17/health/coronavirus-immunity.html). The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2021. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-25) ["Opinion \\| Covid-19 recoveries: From immunity passport to health pass"](https://www.brusselstimes.com/opinion/169895/covid-19-recoveries-from-immunity-passport-to-health-pass/). The Brussels Times. 18 May 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2021. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-26) ["Immunity Passports Arrive Under a Different Name"](https://thegeopolitics.com/immunity-passports-arrive-under-a-different-name/). 21 May 2021. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#cite_ref-27) Mandavilli A (8 December 2020). ["Here's Why Vaccinated People Still Need to Wear a Mask"](https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/08/health/covid-vaccine-mask.html). [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times"). Retrieved 4 April 2021. "In most respiratory infections, including the new coronavirus, the nose is the main port of entry. The virus rapidly multiplies there, jolting the immune system to produce a type of antibodies that are specific to mucosa, the moist tissue lining the nose, mouth, lungs and stomach. If the same person is exposed to the virus a second time, those antibodies, as well as immune cells that remember the virus, rapidly shut down the virus in the nose before it gets a chance to take hold elsewhere in the body. The coronavirus vaccines, in contrast, are injected deep into the muscles and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. This appears to be enough protection to keep the vaccinated person from getting ill. Some of those antibodies will circulate in the blood to the nasal mucosa and stand guard there, but it's not clear how much of the antibody pool can be mobilized, or how quickly. If the answer is not much, then viruses could bloom in the nose — and be sneezed or breathed out to infect others. "It's a race: It depends whether the virus can replicate faster, or the immune system can control it faster," said Marion Pepper, an immunologist at the University of Washington in Seattle. "It's a really important question." 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[PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [32380041](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32380041). \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Template:COVID-19 pandemic") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:COVID-19_pandemic "Template talk:COVID-19 pandemic") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19_pandemic "Special:EditPage/Template:COVID-19 pandemic")[COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19 "COVID-19") (disease) [SARS-CoV-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2 "SARS-CoV-2") (virus) \| \| \| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Pre-pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_predictions_and_preparations_prior_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Pandemic predictions and preparations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Severe acute respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS "SARS") (SARS) [Middle East respiratory syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERS "MERS") (MERS) [Crimson Contagion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimson_Contagion "Crimson Contagion") [Disease X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_X "Disease X") [Event 201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201 "Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security") [Exercise Cygnus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus "Exercise Cygnus") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019") \| \| 2020 \| [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020") \| \| 2021 \| [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021") \| \| 2022 \| [January](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022") [February](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022") [March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022") [April](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022") [May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022") [June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022") [July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022") [August](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022") [September](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022") [October](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022 "Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022") [November](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022") [December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022") \| \| 2023 \| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023 "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023") \| \| [Locations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")([timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa "COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa") [national responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa")) \| \| \| \| \| \| Northern \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya "COVID-19 pandemic in Libya") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco "COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia "COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia") [Western Sahara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara") [Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic") \| \| Eastern \| [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi "COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti") [Eritrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea "COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia "COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya "COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya") [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar "COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius "COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda "COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles "COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia "COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia") [Puntland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland "COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland") [Somaliland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland "COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan "COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda "COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda") \| \| Southern \| [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola "COVID-19 pandemic in Angola") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana "COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini") [Lesotho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho "COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi "COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique "COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique") [Namibia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia "COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") [list of deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa "List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia "COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe") \| \| Central \| [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon") [Central African Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad "COVID-19 pandemic in Chad") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo") [Gabon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon "COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe "COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe") \| \| Western \| [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea") [Gambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana "COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana") timeline 2020 [March–July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(March%E2%80%93July_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)") [August–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(August%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") impact [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea") [Guinea-Bissau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau "COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast "COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast") [Liberia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia "COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali "COVID-19 pandemic in Mali") [Niger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger "COVID-19 pandemic in Niger") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal "COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone "COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo "COVID-19 pandemic in Togo") \| \| [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| Central/North \| [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") impact [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan") \| \| East \| \| \| \| \| \| [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan") [Tokyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo") [2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau "COVID-19 pandemic in Macau") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan") [respirator diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") \| \| \| [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") \| [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China "COVID-19 lockdown in China") [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing "COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing") [2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics "COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics") [Heilongjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang") [Henan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan "COVID-19 pandemic in Henan") [Hubei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei "COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei") [Inner Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia "COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia") [Liaoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning "COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning") [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai "COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai") [2022 outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak "2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak") [Sichuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan "COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan") [Tibet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet "COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet") [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang "COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang") \| \| [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan") [Maldives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives "COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal "COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan "COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka") \| \| \| [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "COVID-19 pandemic in India") \| \| \| \| \| \| [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic in India") [lockdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India "COVID-19 lockdown in India") [migrant workers' crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") timeline 2020 [January–May](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(January%E2%80%93May_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)") [June–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(June%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)") [union government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") [SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") [state government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Vaccine Maitri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri "Vaccine Maitri") \| \| \| By location \| [Andaman and Nicobar Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands") [Andhra Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh") [Arunachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh") [Assam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam "COVID-19 pandemic in Assam") [Bihar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar "COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar") [Chandigarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh") [Chhattisgarh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh "COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh") [Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu "COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu") [Delhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi "COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi") [Tablighi Jamaat hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi") [Goa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa "COVID-19 pandemic in Goa") [Gujarat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat "COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat") [Haryana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana "COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana") [Himachal Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh") [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir") [Jharkhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand") [Karnataka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka "COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka") [Kerala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala") [Ladakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh "COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh") [Lakshadweep](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep "COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep") [Madhya Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh") [Maharashtra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra "COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra") [Manipur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur "COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur") [Meghalaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya "COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya") [Mizoram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram "COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram") [Nagaland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland "COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland") [Odisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha "COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha") [Puducherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry "COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry") [Punjab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India "COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India") [Rajasthan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan "COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan") [Sikkim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim "COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim") [Tamil Nadu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu") [Telangana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana "COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana") [Tripura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura "COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura") [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh") [Uttarakhand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand "COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand") [West Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal "COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal") \| \| [Southeast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia "COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei "COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia "COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia") timeline [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)") [social restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions "Indonesia large-scale social restrictions") [Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement "Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos "COVID-19 pandemic in Laos") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar "COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)") [circuit breaker response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures "2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand") [Timor-Leste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Timor-Leste "COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") \| impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Aid and relief efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [movement control order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order "Malaysian movement control order") [Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia "2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [Johor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor "COVID-19 pandemic in Johor") [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur") [Sabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah "COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah") [Sarawak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak "COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak") [Selangor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor "COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor") \| \| [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [community quarantines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon "Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon") [evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [testing controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy "Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Bangsamoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro "COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro") [Bicol Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region") [Cagayan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley "COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley") [Calabarzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon") [Caraga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga "COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga") [Central Luzon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon") [Central Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas") [Cordillera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region") [Davao Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region") [Eastern Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas") [Ilocos Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region") [Metro Manila](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila "COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila") [Mimaropa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa "COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa") [Northern Mindanao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao") [Soccsksargen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen "COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen") [Western Visayas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas") [Zamboanga Peninsula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula "COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula") [Overseas Filipinos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| West \| [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan "COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain "COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt "COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(country\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)") [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia "COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia") [South Ossetia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran "COVID-19 pandemic in Iran") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq "COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq") [Kurdistan Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region "COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel "COVID-19 pandemic in Israel") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan "COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan") [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait "COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon "COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman "COVID-19 pandemic in Oman") [Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine "COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar "COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia "COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria "COVID-19 pandemic in Syria") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen "COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen") \| \| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe "COVID-19 pandemic in Europe") \| \| \| \| \| \| [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") \| \| \| \| \| \| [history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)") [January–June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)") [July–December 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)") [January–June 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(January%E2%80%93June_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)") [July–December 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(July%E2%80%93December_2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)") [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") [Operation Rescript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Rescript "Operation Rescript") [contracts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom "Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom") impact [social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") \| \| \| By location \| [England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England "COVID-19 pandemic in England") timeline 2020 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London "COVID-19 pandemic in London") [local lockdown regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England "COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England") [first tier regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England "First COVID-19 tier regulations in England") [Northern Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)") [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland "COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)") [Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in Wales") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)") [Crown Dependencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies "COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies") [Isle of Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man "COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man") [Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey") [Guernsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey "COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey") [Overseas territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") [Akrotiri and Dhekelia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia "COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia") [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar "COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar") \| \| Eastern \| [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus "COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova "COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova") [Gagauzia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia "COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia") [Transnistria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria "COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") timeline [January–June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)") [July–December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)") [government responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine") [Crimea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea "COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea") [Sevastopol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol "COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol") \| \| Western Balkans \| [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania "COVID-19 pandemic in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo "COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro "COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia") \| \| [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria "COVID-19 pandemic in Austria") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium "COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus") [Northern Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus "COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark "COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands") [Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia "COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland "COVID-19 pandemic in Finland") [Åland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land "COVID-19 pandemic in Åland") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France "COVID-19 pandemic in France") [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union "COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Mayotte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte "COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte") [Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy "COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany "COVID-19 pandemic in Germany") [North Rhine-Westphalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia "COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece "COVID-19 pandemic in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary "COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy "COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Latvia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia "COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia") [Lithuania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania "COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg "COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta "COVID-19 pandemic in Malta") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland "COVID-19 pandemic in Poland") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal "COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania") [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia") [Slovenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia "COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain") [Asturias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias "COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias") [Canary Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands") [Ceuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta "COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta") [Community of Madrid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid "COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid") [Melilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden "COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Operation Gloria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gloria "Operation Gloria") \| \| EFTA countries \| [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland "COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland") [Liechtenstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein "COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway "COVID-19 pandemic in Norway") [Svalbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard "COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland") \| \| Microstates \| [Andorra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra "COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco "COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino "COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City "COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City") \| \| [North America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America "COVID-19 pandemic in North America") \| \| \| \| \| \| Atlantic \| [Bermuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland "COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland") [Saint Pierre and Miquelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon") \| \| Canada \| [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [federal aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province") [military response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Laser "Operation Laser") [Atlantic Bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble "Atlantic Bubble") [Alberta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta") [British Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia "COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia") [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba "COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba") [New Brunswick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick "COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick") [Newfoundland and Labrador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador "COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador") [Northwest Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories") [Nova Scotia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia "COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia") [Nunavut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut "COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)") [Ottawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa "COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa") [Peel Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel") [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto "COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto") [York Region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York "COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York") [Provincial government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario "Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario") [Vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Prince Edward Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec "COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec") [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal "COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal") [boroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Saskatchewan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan") [Yukon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon "COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon") \| \| Caribbean \| \| \| \| \| \| Countries \| [Antigua and Barbuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda "COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda") [Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas "COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas") [Barbados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados "COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Guantanamo Bay Naval Base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base "COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base") [Dominica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica "COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic "COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic") [Grenada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada "COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti "COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti") [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica "COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica") [Saint Kitts and Nevis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis") [Saint Lucia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia") [Saint Vincent and the Grenadines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago") \| \| [British Overseas Territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories") \| [Anguilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla "COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla") [British Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands") [Cayman Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands") [Montserrat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat "COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat") [Turks and Caicos Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands") [response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Broadshare "Operation Broadshare") \| \| \| \| \| [Aruba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba "COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba") [Curaçao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao "COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao") [Sint Maarten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten") \| \| \| Caribbean Netherlands \| [Bonaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire "COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire") [Saba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba "COVID-19 pandemic in Saba") [Sint Eustatius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius "COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius") \| \| French West Indies \| [Guadeloupe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe "COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe") [Martinique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique "COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique") [Saint Barthélemy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy "COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy") [Saint Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin "COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin") \| \| US insular areas \| [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") \| \| Central America \| [Belize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize "COVID-19 pandemic in Belize") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica "COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador "COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala "COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras "COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico") [vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua "COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama "COVID-19 pandemic in Panama") \| \| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Trump administration communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [2021 hospital crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19 "2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19") \| \| \| [responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [federal government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [state and local governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [California government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [New York government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Texas government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Eastern States Multi-state Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council "Eastern States Multi-state Council") [Midwest Governors Regional Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact "Midwest Governors Regional Pact") [Western States Pact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_States_Pact "Western States Pact") \| \| By location \| [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama "COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska "COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona "COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona") [Navajo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation "COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "COVID-19 pandemic in California") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California") [S.F. Bay Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area "COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado "COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut "COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware "COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida "COVID-19 pandemic in Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho "COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois "COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa "COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas "COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky "COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana "COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine "COVID-19 pandemic in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts") [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan "COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota "COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi "COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri "COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana "COVID-19 pandemic in Montana") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska "COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire "COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey "COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico "COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)") [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio") [Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio "COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma "COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon "COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania "COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania") [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia "COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico "COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina "COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota "COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee "COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas") [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas "COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah "COVID-19 pandemic in Utah") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont "COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C. "COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.") [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia "COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin "COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming "COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming") \| \| [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania "COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania") \| \| \| \| \| \| [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa") [Cook Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Federated States of Micronesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia "COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji "COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia "COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam "COVID-19 pandemic in Guam") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii "COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii") [Kiribati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati "COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati") [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands") [Nauru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru "COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia "COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia") [Niue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue "COVID-19 pandemic in Niue") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands") [Palau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau "COVID-19 pandemic in Palau") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea "COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea") [Bougainville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville "COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville") [Pitcairn Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands") [Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa "COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands") [Tokelau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau "COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau") [Tonga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga "COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga") [Tuvalu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu "COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu") [Vanuatu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu "COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu") [Wallis and Futuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna "COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna") \| \| \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Australia") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)") 2021 [January–June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(January%E2%80%93June_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)") [July–December](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(July%E2%80%93December_2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)") [Australian Capital Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory") [Christmas Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island") [Cocos (Keeling) Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_\(Keeling\)_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands") [New South Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales "COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales") [Norfolk Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island") [Northern Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory "COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory") [Queensland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland "COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland") [South Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia") [Tasmania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania "COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania") [Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria "COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria") [Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia "COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia") \| \| [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") \| timeline [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2020\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2021\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2022\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_\(2023\) "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)") [economic impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Alert levels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand") [Traffic light system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework "COVID-19 Protection Framework") [social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [managed isolation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand") \| \| [South America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America "COVID-19 pandemic in South America") \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina") [human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia "COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil") [São Paulo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_\(state\) "COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile") [Easter Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island "COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia "Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador "COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador") [Falkland Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands "COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands") [French Guiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana "COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana") [Guyana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana "COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru "Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru") [Cusco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco "COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco") [Suriname](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname "COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay "COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela "COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela") \| \| Others \| [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") [Cruise ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships") [Diamond Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess") [Grand Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess "COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess") [Naval ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships "COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships") [Charles de Gaulle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle "COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle") [USS Theodore Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt "COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt") \| \| [Impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| Culture and entertainment \| \| \| \| \| \| [Arts and cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage") \| [References in popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture "COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture") [Cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema") [films affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Corona-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-chan "Corona-chan") [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company") [Fashion industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry") [Music industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry") [Performing arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts") [Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States") [U.S. sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting") [programs affected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry") \| \| [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Female education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education") [Homeschooling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| By country \| [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom") [exam grading controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy "2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States") \| \| [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Bio-secure bubble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble "Bio-secure bubble") \| \| \| By country \| [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports") \| \| By sport \| [Association football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football") [Baseball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball") [Basketball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball") [NBA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season "Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season") [Combat sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports") [Cricket](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket") [Disc golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf") [Gaelic games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games") [Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football") [Ice hockey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey") [Motorsport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport") [Rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league") \| \| Society and rights \| \| \| \| \| \| [Social impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media") [Stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19 "Social stigma associated with COVID-19") [COVID-19 parties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pox_party#COVID-19_party "Pox party") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children") [foster care in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States") [Pandemic baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_baking "Pandemic baking") \| \| Labor \| [Healthcare workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers") [Indian migrant workers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Great Resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Resignation "Great Resignation") [Strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong#Protests "COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong") [Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat "2021 Myanmar coup d'état") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History "COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea") [Turkmenistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0 "COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan") \| \| Legal \| [Abortion in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States") [Crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime") [Domestic violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence") [Prisons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons") [U.S. immigration detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention "COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention") \| \| Minority \| [Gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") [LGBT community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community") [African communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities") [Disability community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities") [Native American communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities") [Xenophobia and racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion") \| [Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church") [Hajj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj") \| \| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Charitable activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID-19 scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_scams "COVID-19 scams") [Travel restrictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| By country \| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland") [COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment "COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia") [U.K.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom") [U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") \| \| By industry \| [Aviation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport") [Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic "List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic") [Cannabis industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry") [Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry") [meat industry in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada") [meat industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States") [restaurant industry in the U.S.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States") [Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals") [ICU capacity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity") [Long-term care facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities") [Mink farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Public transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport") [Retail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism") \| \| Supply and trade \| [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Chip supply](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage "2020–2023 global chip shortage") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis "2021–2023 global energy crisis") [Global supply chain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis "2021–2023 global supply chain crisis") [Oil price war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war "2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war") [Food security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| [Financial markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Global stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash "2020 stock market crash") [COVID-19 recession](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_recession "COVID-19 recession") [Inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge "2021–2022 inflation surge") \| \| Information \| \| \| \| \| \| [Journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism") [Media coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic") [Wikipedia's response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") \| [Governments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments "COVID-19 misinformation by governments") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China "COVID-19 misinformation by China") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") By country [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Plandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plandemic "Plandemic") \| \| [Politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| \| \| \| [National responses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation "List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation") [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| \| \| [Political impact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia") \| \| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Abkhazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest "2021 Abkhazia unrest") [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17A "17A") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia "COVID-19 protests in Australia") [Convoy to Canberra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra "Convoy to Canberra") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests "2020 Azerbaijani protests") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests "2020–2021 Belarusian protests") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests "2022 Brussels protests") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [2020 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests "2020 Brazilian protests") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests "2021 Brazilian protests") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests "2020–2021 Bulgarian protests") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada "COVID-19 protests in Canada") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest "Canada convoy protest") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests "2019–2022 Chilean protests") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China "2022 COVID-19 protests in China") [Beijing Sitong Bridge protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest "2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest") [healthcare reform protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests "2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [2021 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests "2021 Colombian protests") [2022 protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests "2022 Colombian protests") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests "2021 Cuban protests") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France "Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Yellow vests protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests "Yellow vests protests") [labor protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests "2021 French labor protests") [French West Indies social unrest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies "2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies") [convoy protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_convoy_protest "France convoy protest") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany "COVID-19 protests in Germany") [Idar-Oberstein shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting "2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Greek_protests "2021 Greek protests") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel "COVID-19 protests in Israel") [protests against Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu "2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy "Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy") [Mongolia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests "2021 Mongolian protests") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands "COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands") [curfew riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots "2021 Dutch curfew riots") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 protests in New Zealand") [Wellington protest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest "2022 Wellington protest") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests "2021 Paraguayan protests") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests "2020–2022 Serbian protests") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests "2021 Tunisian protests") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 protests in the United States") [Open the States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_the_States "Open the States") \| \| [International relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations") \| [Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy "International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy") [Moldovan–Romanian collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Nicaragua–Taiwan relations](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104900 "d:Q6104900") [Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan "Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan") [Vaccine diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy "Vaccine diplomacy") \| \| [Language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic") \| [Anthropause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropause "Anthropause") [Doomscrolling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomscrolling "Doomscrolling") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Green recovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_recovery "Green recovery") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Quarantini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing "Social distancing") [Superspreader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superspreading_event "Superspreading event") [Twindemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twindemic "Twindemic") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") [Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_\(software\) "Zoom (software)") [Zoom towns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_town "Zoom town") \| \| Others \| [Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals "COVID-19 pandemic and animals") [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military") [Pregnant women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women") [Science and technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology") \| \| Health issues \| \| \| \| \| \| Medical topics \| [Transmission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19 "Transmission of COVID-19") [Symptoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19 "Symptoms of COVID-19") [Cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer "COVID-19 and cancer") [Endemic COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19 "Endemic COVID-19") [Skin manifestations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19 "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19") [Long COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_COVID "Long COVID") [Mental health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic") [neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes") [Pregnancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy "COVID-19 in pregnancy") [Non-COVID-19–related health issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues") [Shortages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Raise the line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line "Flattening the curve") [Rehabilitation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19 "Rehabilitation after COVID-19") [Unproven medical methods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19 "List of unproven methods against COVID-19") \| \| Testing and epidemiology \| \| \| \| \| \| [Datasets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_datasets "COVID-19 datasets") [Death rates by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country "COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country") [Disease testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing "COVID-19 testing") [Breathalyzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer "Coronavirus breathalyzer") [Operation Moonshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Moonshot "Operation Moonshot") [Test to Release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_to_Release "Test to Release") [UK Rapid Test Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium "UK Rapid Test Consortium") [AbC-19 rapid antibody test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test "AbC-19 rapid antibody test") [investigations into the origins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19 "Investigations into the origin of COVID-19") [lab leak theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Rapid antigen test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test "COVID-19 rapid antigen test") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation "Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation") [Surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance "COVID-19 surveillance") [Undercounting COVID-19 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country "Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country") \| \| \| [Apps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_apps "COVID-19 apps") \| [Aarogya Setu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aarogya_Setu "Aarogya Setu") [BlueTrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueTrace "BlueTrace") [careFIJI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CareFIJI "CareFIJI") [Coronavirus Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia "Coronavirus Australia") [Corona-Warn-App](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona-Warn-App "Corona-Warn-App") [COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application "COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application") [COVID Alert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Alert "COVID Alert") (Canada) [COVID AlertSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA "COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa") (South Africa) [COVIDSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIDSafe "COVIDSafe") [COVID Tracker Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland "COVID Tracker Ireland") [Covid Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covid_Watch "Covid Watch") [Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing "Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing") [Exposure Notification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposure_Notification "Exposure Notification") [Health Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Code "Health Code") [Healthy Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy_Together "Healthy Together") [Immuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuni "Immuni") [Koronavilkku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronavilkku "Koronavilkku") [LeaveHomeSafe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe "LeaveHomeSafe") [MySejahtera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySejahtera "MySejahtera") [NHS COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_COVID-19 "NHS COVID-19") [NZ COVID Tracer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer "NZ COVID Tracer") [NZ Pass Verifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier "NZ Pass Verifier") [PathCheck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PathCheck "PathCheck") [PeduliLindungi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeduliLindungi "PeduliLindungi") [SafeEntry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafeEntry "SafeEntry") [SafePass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SafePass "SafePass") [StaySafe.ph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StaySafe.ph "StaySafe.ph") [SwissCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwissCovid "SwissCovid") [TCN Protocol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCN_Protocol "TCN Protocol") [Test, Trace, Protect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect "Test, Trace, Protect") [Thai Chana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Chana "Thai Chana") [TousAntiCovid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TousAntiCovid "TousAntiCovid") [TraceTogether](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraceTogether "TraceTogether") [Valtrace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtrace "Valtrace") [Zoe Health Study](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study "Zoe Health Study") \| \| Prevention \| [Air purifier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_purifier "Air purifier") ([Corsi–Rosenthal Box](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box "Corsi–Rosenthal Box")) [Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic") [COVID fatigue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic "Pandemic fatigue") [Evacuations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Face masks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Anti-mask sentiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment "Anti-mask sentiment") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Flattening the curve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve "Flattening the curve") [Great Barrington Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration "Great Barrington Declaration") [International aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") [Public health mitigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19 "Public health mitigation of COVID-19") [Safe Hands Challenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge "Safe Hands Challenge") [Social distancing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic") [Workplace hazard controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19 "Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19") [Zero-COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-COVID "Zero-COVID") \| \| [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine "COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| \| \| \| \| Topics \| [Authorizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations "List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations") [Clinical research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research "COVID-19 vaccine clinical research") [Deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") [Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development "History of COVID-19 vaccine development") [EU Certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate "EU Digital COVID Certificate") [Misinformation and hesitancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19 "Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19") [US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") (U.S.) [Post-vaccination complications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination "Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination") [Vaccine card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card "COVID-19 vaccine card") [Vaccine passports]() \| \| Authorized \| \| \| \| \| \| [DNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_vaccine "DNA vaccine") \| [ZyCoV-D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZyCoV-D "ZyCoV-D") \| \| [Inactivated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine "Inactivated vaccine") \| [Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine "Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine") [CoronaVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoronaVac "CoronaVac") [Covaxin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covaxin "Covaxin") [COVIran Barekat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVIran_Barekat "COVIran Barekat") [CoviVac (Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoviVac_\(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine\) "CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)") [FAKHRAVAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAKHRAVAC "FAKHRAVAC") [Minhai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine "Minhai COVID-19 vaccine") [QazCovid-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QazCovid-in "QazCovid-in") [Sinopharm BIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Sinopharm WIBP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine") [Turkovac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkovac "Turkovac") [Valneva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine "Valneva COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [mRNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA_vaccine "MRNA vaccine") \| [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine") [Pfizer–BioNTech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine "Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [Subunit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine "Subunit vaccine") \| [Abdala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdala_\(vaccine\) "Abdala (vaccine)") [Corbevax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbevax "Corbevax") (Bio E COVID-19) [COVAX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19 "COVAX-19") [EpiVacCorona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EpiVacCorona "EpiVacCorona") [IndoVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IndoVac "IndoVac") [MVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine "MVC COVID-19 vaccine") [Noora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noora_\(vaccine\) "Noora (vaccine)") [Novavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine "Novavax COVID-19 vaccine") [Razi Cov Pars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars "Razi Cov Pars") [Sinopharm CNBG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine "Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine") [Soberana 02](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_02 "Soberana 02") [Soberana Plus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soberana_Plus "Soberana Plus") [ZF2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") (Zifivax) \| \| [Viral vector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine "Viral vector vaccine") \| [Convidecia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convidecia "Convidecia") [Janssen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine "Janssen COVID-19 vaccine") [Oxford–AstraZeneca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine "Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine "Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine") [Sputnik Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_Light "Sputnik Light") \| \| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") \| [CoVLP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoVLP "CoVLP") \| \| In trials \| \| \| \| \| \| [Attenuated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine "Attenuated vaccine") \| [COVI-VAC (United States)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVI-VAC_\(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine\) "COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)") \| \| DNA \| [AG0302-COVID‑19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119 "AG0302-COVID‑19") [GX-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GX-19 "GX-19") [Inovio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine "Inovio COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| Inactivated \| [KD-414](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KD-414 "KD-414") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") \| \| RNA \| [ARCT-021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-021 "ARCT-021") [ARCT-154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCT-154 "ARCT-154") [Bangavax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangavax "Bangavax") [CureVac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine "CureVac COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [HGC019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGC019 "HGC019") [mRNA-1283](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA-1283 "MRNA-1283") [PTX-COVID19-B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B "PTX-COVID19-B") [Sanofi–Translate Bio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine") (terminated) [Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine "Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine") [Walvax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine "Walvax COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| Subunit \| [202-CoV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/202-CoV "202-CoV") [AKS-452](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKS-452 "AKS-452") [EuCorVac-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuCorVac-19 "EuCorVac-19") [IVX-411](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVX-411 "IVX-411") [Nanocovax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanocovax "Nanocovax") [ReCOV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReCOV "ReCOV") [Sanofi–GSK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine "Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine") [S-268019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-268019 "S-268019") [SCB-2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCB-2019 "SCB-2019") [SCTV01C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCTV01C "SCTV01C") [Skycovione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skycovione "Skycovione") [UB-612](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UB-612 "UB-612") [V-01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-01 "V-01") [V451](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V451_vaccine "V451 vaccine") (terminated) [Vabiotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine "Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine") [West China Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine "West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine") [Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZF2001 "ZF2001") \| \| Viral vector \| [AdCLD-CoV19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19 "AdCLD-CoV19") [BriLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife "BriLife") [COH04S1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COH04S1 "COH04S1") [DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT "DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT") [GRAd-COV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAd-COV2 "GRAd-COV2") [ImmunityBio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine "ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine") [iNCOVACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INCOVACC "INCOVACC") [INNA-051](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INNA-051 "INNA-051") [NDV-HXP-S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDV-HXP-S "NDV-HXP-S") [Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine "Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine") \| \| [Virus-like particles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus-like_particle "Virus-like particle") \| [ABNCoV2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABNCoV2 "ABNCoV2") [LYB001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYB001 "LYB001") [MigVax-101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MigVax-101 "MigVax-101") [VBI-2902](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI-2902 "VBI-2902") \| \| [Deployment by location](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines "Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in Africa") \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola "COVID-19 vaccination in Angola") [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination "COVID-19 pandemic in Benin") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana "COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso "COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi "COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Cape Verde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde "COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon "COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon") [Chad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad "COVID-19 vaccination in Chad") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros "COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros") [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo") [Djibouti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti "COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt "COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt") [Equatorial Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea "COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini "COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana "COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana") [Morocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco "COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco") [Nigeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria "COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal "COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa "COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe "COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe") \| \| Asia \| [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh "COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan "COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan") [Mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China "COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India "COVID-19 vaccination in India") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia "COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran "COVID-19 vaccination in Iran") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel "COVID-19 vaccination in Israel") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan "COVID-19 vaccination in Japan") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan "COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia "COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal "COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore "COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea "COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka "COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan "COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan") [Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand "COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey "COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam "COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam") \| \| Europe \| [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania "COVID-19 vaccination in Albania") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina "COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria "COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia "COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia") [Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark "COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France "COVID-19 vaccination in France") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany "COVID-19 vaccination in Germany") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece "COVID-19 vaccination in Greece") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary "COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland "COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland "COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy "COVID-19 vaccination in Italy") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova "COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway "COVID-19 vaccination in Norway") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal "COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania "COVID-19 vaccination in Romania") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia "COVID-19 vaccination in Russia") [Spain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain "COVID-19 vaccination in Spain") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden "COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden") [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland "COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine "COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom") \| \| North America \| [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada "COVID-19 vaccination in Canada") [Ontario](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario "COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario") [Quebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec "COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba#Vaccination "COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti "COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico "COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination in the United States") [mandates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States") \| \| Oceania \| [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia "COVID-19 vaccination in Australia") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji "COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand "COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand") \| \| South America \| [Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina "COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil "COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia "COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru "COVID-19 vaccination in Peru") \| \| Others \| [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination "COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica") \| \| [Treatment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19 "Treatment and management of COVID-19") \| \| \| \| \| \| [Drug development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development "COVID-19 drug development") [Drug repurposing research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research "COVID-19 drug repurposing research") [Baricitinib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baricitinib "Baricitinib") [Dexamethasone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID%E2%80%9119 "Dexamethasone") [Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation") [Open-source ventilator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic "Open-source ventilator") [PANORAMIC trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial "PANORAMIC trial") (UK) [RECOVERY Trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial "RECOVERY Trial") (UK) [Solidarity trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_trial "Solidarity trial") (WHO) \| \| \| [Monoclonal antibodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody "Monoclonal antibody") \| [Bamlanivimab/etesevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab "Bamlanivimab/etesevimab") [Bamlanivimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamlanivimab "Bamlanivimab") Etesevimab [Bebtelovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebtelovimab "Bebtelovimab") [Casirivimab/imdevimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab "Casirivimab/imdevimab") [Regdanvimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regdanvimab "Regdanvimab") [Sarilumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarilumab "Sarilumab") [Sotrovimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotrovimab "Sotrovimab") [Tixagevimab/cilgavimab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab "Tixagevimab/cilgavimab") [Tocilizumab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocilizumab "Tocilizumab") \| \| [Small molecule antivirals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiviral_drug "Antiviral drug") \| [Broad-spectrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug "Broad-spectrum antiviral drug") [Ensitrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensitrelvir "Ensitrelvir") [Molnupiravir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir "Molnupiravir") [Remdesivir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19 "Remdesivir") Co-packaged [Nirmatrelvir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir "Nirmatrelvir") [ritonavir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir") \| \| [Variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") \| \| \| \| \| \| Specific \| [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant") [Beta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant") [Gamma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant") [Delta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant") [Epsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant") [Zeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant") [Eta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant") [Theta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant") [Iota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant") [Kappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant") [Mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant") [Omicron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant "Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant") \| \| General \| [Cluster 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_5 "Cluster 5") [Lineage B.1.617](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617 "SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617") [Lineage B.1.640.2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2 "Variants of SARS-CoV-2") [Variant of concern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern "SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern") \| \| Institutions \| \| \| \| \| \| Hospitals and medical clinics \| \| \| \| \| \| Mainland China \| [Central Hospital of Wuhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan "Central Hospital of Wuhan") [Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre "Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre") [Fangcang hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fangcang_hospital "Fangcang hospital") [Huoshenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital "Huoshenshan Hospital") [Leishenshan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital "Leishenshan Hospital") [Xinjia Express Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel "Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel") [Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital "Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital") \| \| Others \| [Hospital ships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic") [Garran Surge Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre "Garran Surge Centre") (Australia) [Hospital El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador "Hospital El Salvador") [SevenHills Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital "SevenHills Hospital") (India) [Kemayoran Athletes Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village "Kemayoran Athletes Village") (Indonesia) [Pyongyang General Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital "Pyongyang General Hospital") (North Korea) [Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang "Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang") (Malaysia) [Mega Ligtas COVID Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers "Mega Ligtas COVID Centers") (Philippines) [Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre "Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre") (Sri Lanka) [Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital "Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital "Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital") (Turkey) [COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") [NHS Nightingale Hospitals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England "COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom") (England) [Birmingham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham "NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham") [London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London "NHS Nightingale Hospital London") [North East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East "NHS Nightingale Hospital North East") [North West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West "NHS Nightingale Hospital North West") [Yorkshire and the Humber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber "NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber") [NHS Louisa Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan "NHS Louisa Jordan") (Scotland) [Dragon's Heart Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital "Dragon's Heart Hospital") (Wales) \| \| Organizations \| \| \| \| \| \| [National Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cabinet_\(Australia\) "National Cabinet (Australia)") (Australia) [ScienceUpFirst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ScienceUpFirst "ScienceUpFirst") (Canada) [Wuhan Institute of Virology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology "Wuhan Institute of Virology") (China) [Independent SAGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_SAGE "Independent SAGE") (United Kingdom) \| \| \| Health institutes \| [Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention "Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention") (African Union) [Ghana Infectious Disease Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre "Ghana Infectious Disease Centre") (Ghana) [Department of Health (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Health_\(Hong_Kong\) "Department of Health (Hong Kong)") [Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency "Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency") (South Korea) [National Institute for Communicable Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases "National Institute for Communicable Diseases") (South Africa) [Taiwan Centers for Disease Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control "Taiwan Centers for Disease Control") (Taiwan) \| \| Pandemic institutes \| [National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board "National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board") (Australia) [COVID-19 Immunity Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force "COVID-19 Immunity Task Force") (Canada) [COVID-19 Supply Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council "COVID-19 Supply Council") (Canada) [PREPARE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PREPARE "PREPARE") (European Union) [National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19 "National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19") (India) [COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force "COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force") (Indonesia) [National Public Health Emergency Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_\(2020\) "National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)") (Ireland) [Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting "Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting") (Japan) [Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre "Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre") (Malaysia) [Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee "Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee") (Philippines) [Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases "Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases") (Philippines) [Central Epidemic Command Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center "Central Epidemic Command Center") (Taiwan) [Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board "Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board") (Turkey) [COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium "COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium") (United Kingdom) [Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team "Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team") (United Kingdom) [Joint Biosecurity Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre "Joint Biosecurity Centre") (United Kingdom) [Vaccine Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce "Vaccine Taskforce") (United Kingdom) [COVID-19 Advisory Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board "COVID-19 Advisory Board") (United States) [Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups "Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups") (United States) [White House Coronavirus Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") (United States) [White House COVID-19 Response Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team "White House COVID-19 Response Team") (United States) [GACH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GACH "GACH") (Uruguay) \| \| Relief funds \| [PM CARES Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund "PM CARES Fund") (India) [SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund "COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia") (India) [Artist Relief](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist_Relief "Artist Relief") (United States) \| \| People \| \| \| \| \| \| Medical professionals \| [Ai Fen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai_Fen "Ai Fen") [Corona Rintawan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_Rintawan "Corona Rintawan") [Li Wenliang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Wenliang "Li Wenliang") [Liu Wen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Wen_\(doctor\) "Liu Wen (doctor)") [Xie Linka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Linka "Xie Linka") [Zhang Wenhong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong "Zhang Wenhong") \| \| [Researchers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers "Category:Coronavirus researchers") \| [Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud "Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud") [Roberto Burioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Burioni "Roberto Burioni") [Chen Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Wei_\(medical_scientist\) "Chen Wei (medical scientist)") [Kizzmekia Corbett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett "Kizzmekia Corbett") [Andrea Crisanti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_\(scientist\) "Andrea Crisanti (scientist)") [Peter Daszak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Daszak "Peter Daszak") [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") [Neil Ferguson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_\(epidemiologist\) "Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)") [Dale Fisher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_Fisher "Dale Fisher") [George F. Gao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Gao "George F. Gao") [Azra Ghani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azra_Ghani "Azra Ghani") [Sarah Gilbert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert "Sarah Gilbert") [Guan Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Yi "Guan Yi") [Kentaro Iwata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata "Kentaro Iwata") [Katalin Karikó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3 "Katalin Karikó") [Matt Keeling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Keeling "Matt Keeling") [Trudie Lang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trudie_Lang "Trudie Lang") [Li Lanjuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Lanjuan "Li Lanjuan") [W. Ian Lipkin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin "W. Ian Lipkin") [Ma Xiaowei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei "Ma Xiaowei") [Shabir Madhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabir_Madhi "Shabir Madhi") [Allison McGeer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_McGeer "Allison McGeer") [Camilla Rothe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Rothe "Camilla Rothe") [Shi Zhengli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi_Zhengli "Shi Zhengli") [Moncef Slaoui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui "Moncef Slaoui") [Mike Tildesley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Tildesley "Mike Tildesley") [John Todd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Todd_\(British_biologist\) "John Todd (British biologist)") [Wang Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Chen_\(physician\) "Wang Chen (physician)") [Wang Guangfa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Guangfa "Wang Guangfa") [Drew Weissman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Weissman "Drew Weissman") [Yuen Kwok-yung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung "Yuen Kwok-yung") [Zeng Guang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeng_Guang "Zeng Guang") [Zhang Jixian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Jixian "Zhang Jixian") [Zhang Yongzhen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen "Zhang Yongzhen") [Zhong Nanshan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan "Zhong Nanshan") \| \| Officials \| \| \| \| \| \| WHO \| [Tedros Adhanom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus "Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus") (Director-General of the WHO) [Bruce Aylward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Aylward "Bruce Aylward") (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission) [Maria Van Kerkhove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove "Maria Van Kerkhove") (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response) [Michael J. Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_\(doctor\) "Michael J. Ryan (doctor)") (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme) \| \| By location \| [Frank Atherton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Atherton "Frank Atherton") (Wales) [Ashley Bloomfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield "Ashley Bloomfield") (New Zealand) [Catherine Calderwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood "Catherine Calderwood") (Scotland) [Chang Shan-chwen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen "Chang Shan-chwen") (Taiwan) [Anutin Charnvirakul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul "Anutin Charnvirakul") (Thailand) [Chen Shih-chung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung "Chen Shih-chung") (Taiwan) [Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching "Chuang Yin-ching") (Taiwan) [Victor Costache](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Costache "Victor Costache") (Romania) [Fabrizio Curcio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio "Fabrizio Curcio") (Italy) [Carmen Deseda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen_Deseda "Carmen Deseda") (Puerto Rico) [Jaap van Dissel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel "Jaap van Dissel") (the Netherlands) [Christian Drosten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Drosten "Christian Drosten") (Germany) [Francisco Duque III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III "Francisco Duque III") (Philippines) [Anthony Fauci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Fauci "Anthony Fauci") (United States) [Francesco Paolo Figliuolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo "Francesco Paolo Figliuolo") (Italy) [Graça Freitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas "Graça Freitas") (Portugal) [Henrique Gouveia e Melo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo "Henrique Gouveia e Melo") (Portugal) [Matt Hancock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Hancock "Matt Hancock") (United Kingdom) [Hamad Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Hasan "Hamad Hasan") (Lebanon) [Greg Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Hunt "Greg Hunt") (Australia) [Tony Holohan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Holohan "Tony Holohan") (Ireland) [Jeong Eun-kyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong "Jeong Eun-kyeong") (South Korea) [Fahrettin Koca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca "Fahrettin Koca") (Turkey) [Li Keqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Keqiang "Li Keqiang") (China) [Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez "Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez") (Mexico) [Michael McBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_McBride_\(doctor\) "Michael McBride (doctor)") (Northern Ireland) [Oriol Mitjà](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0 "Oriol Mitjà") (Andorra) [Zweli Mkhize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize "Zweli Mkhize") (South Africa) [Doni Monardo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doni_Monardo "Doni Monardo") (Indonesia) [Alma Möller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller "Alma Möller") (Iceland) [Saeed Namaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Namaki "Saeed Namaki") (Iran) [Ala Nemerenco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco "Ala Nemerenco") (Moldova) [Nguyễn Thanh Long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long "Nguyễn Thanh Long") (Vietnam) [Noor Hisham Abdullah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah "Noor Hisham Abdullah") (Malaysia) [Ali Pilli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Pilli "Ali Pilli") (Northern Cyprus) [Daniel Salinas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Salinas "Daniel Salinas") (Uruguay) [Jérôme Salomon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon "Jérôme Salomon") (France) [Fernando Simón](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n "Fernando Simón") (Spain) [Gregor Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Smith "Gregor Smith") (Scotland) [Su Ih-jen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Ih-jen "Su Ih-jen") (Taiwan) [Łukasz Szumowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski "Łukasz Szumowski") (Poland) [Theresa Tam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_Tam "Theresa Tam") (Canada) [Anders Tegnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Tegnell "Anders Tegnell") (Sweden) [Þórólfur Guðnason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason "Þórólfur Guðnason") (Iceland) [Sotiris Tsiodras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras "Sotiris Tsiodras") (Greece) [Harsh Vardhan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_\(Delhi_politician\) "Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)") (India) [Víðir Reynisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson "Víðir Reynisson") (Iceland) [Carla Vizzotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti "Carla Vizzotti") (Argentina) [Vlad Voiculescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu "Vlad Voiculescu") (Romania) [Chris Whitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Whitty "Chris Whitty") (United Kingdom) [Lawrence Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong "Lawrence Wong") (Singapore) [Jeff Zients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Zients "Jeff Zients") (United States) \| \| Others \| [Chen Qiushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Qiushi "Chen Qiushi") [Brett Crozier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Crozier "Brett Crozier") [Fang Bin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Bin "Fang Bin") [Fang Fang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fang_Fang "Fang Fang") [Joseph Ashitey Hammond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond "Joseph Ashitey Hammond") [Li Zehua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Zehua "Li Zehua") [Captain Tom Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore "Captain Tom Moore") [Qiu Menghuang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang "Qiu Menghuang") [Ren Zhiqiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang "Ren Zhiqiang") \| \| [List of deaths due to COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19 "List of deaths due to COVID-19") \| \| \| Data (templates) \| \| \| \| \| \| Global \| [Cases, deaths, recoveries by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics "COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory") [Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country "COVID-19 testing") [Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision "COVID-19 testing") WHO situation reports [cases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases "COVID-19 pandemic cases") [January 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020 (page does not exist)") [February 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020 (page does not exist)") [March 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020 (page does not exist)") [April 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020 (page does not exist)") [May 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020 (page does not exist)") [June 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020 (page does not exist)") [July 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020 (page does not exist)") [August 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020 (page does not exist)") [September 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020 (page does not exist)") [October 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020 (page does not exist)") [November 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020 (page does not exist)") [December 2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020 (page does not exist)") [January 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021 (page does not exist)") [February 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021 (page does not exist)") [March 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021 (page does not exist)") [April 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021 (page does not exist)") [May 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021 (page does not exist)") [June 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021 (page does not exist)") [July 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021 (page does not exist)") [August 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2021&action=edit&redlink=1 "COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2021 (page does not exist)") [deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths "COVID-19 pandemic deaths") [World map by countries: confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics "COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China") [Hospital beds by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers "List of countries by hospital beds") [Lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns "COVID-19 lockdowns") \| \| Africa \| [Algeria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases chart") [Angola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases chart") [Benin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Benin_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Benin medical cases chart") [Botswana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Botswana_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Botswana medical cases chart") [Burkina Faso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases chart") [Burundi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases chart") [Cameroon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases chart") [Comoros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Comoros_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Comoros medical cases chart") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart") [Eswatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases chart") [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases chart") [Ghana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases chart") [Ivory Coast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases chart") [Kenya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases chart") [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Libya_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Libya medical cases chart") [Malawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases chart") [Mali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases chart") [Mauritania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases chart") [Mauritius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases chart") [Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_\(including_occupied_Western_Sahara\)_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) medical cases chart") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mozambique_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mozambique medical cases chart") [Nigera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases chart") [São Tomé and Príncipe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/São Tomé and Príncipe medical cases chart") [Senegal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases chart") [Seychelles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Seychelles_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Seychelles medical cases chart") [Sierra Leone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases chart") [South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases chart") [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases chart") [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sudan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sudan medical cases chart") [Tanzania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases chart") [Togo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases chart") [Tunisia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases chart") [Uganda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uganda_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uganda medical cases chart") [Zambia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zambia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zambia medical cases chart") [Zimbabwe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases chart") \| \| Americas \| [Bolivia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases") [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases by province") [vaccinations by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province") [Chile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases") [by commune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases by commune") [Colombia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases chart") [Costa Rica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases chart") [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases chart") [Dominican Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases chart") [Ecuador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases chart") [El Salvador](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases chart") [Guatemala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart") [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases chart") [Honduras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases chart") [Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases chart") [Nicaragua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases chart") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases chart") [Paraguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases chart") [Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases chart") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases") [by state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state") [Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases chart") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases chart") \| \| Asia \| [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart") [Armenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart") [Artsakh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart") [Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart") [Bahrain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart") [by division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division") [Bhutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart") [Brunei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart") [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary") China [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart") [confirmed per capita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_\(dots\) "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)") [lockdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China "Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China") [by province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province") [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart") [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart") [East Timor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/East_Timor_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/East Timor medical cases chart") [Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart") [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart") [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart") [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart") [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart") [Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart") [Kazakhstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart") [Kuwait cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart") [Kyrgyzstan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart") [Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases") [Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart") [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart") [charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia") Myanmar [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart") [summary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary") [Nepal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart") [Oman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart") [areas of quarantine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines "Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines") [vaccinations chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart") [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart") Russia [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart") [by federal subject](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject") [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart") [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart") [vaccinations charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts "Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts") [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart") [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart") [vaccination charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts "Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts") [Tajikistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart") [Thailand cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart") [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart") [Uzbekistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart") [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart") [statistics charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts "Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts") [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart") \| \| [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases chart") \| [Albania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases chart") [Austria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases chart") [Belarus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases chart") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart") [Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart") [Bulgaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases chart") [Croatia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases chart") [Cyprus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart") [Czech Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases chart") Denmark [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases chart") [Faroe Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Faroe_Islands_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Faroe Islands medical cases chart") [Estonia cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases chart") [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases chart") [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases chart") [Germany cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases chart") [Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases chart") [Hungary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases chart") [Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases chart") [Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart") [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases chart") [statistics charts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_statistics_charts "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy statistics charts") [vaccinations chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_vaccinations_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy vaccinations chart") [Kosovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases chart") [Latvia cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases chart") [Lithuania cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases chart") [Luxembourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases chart") [Malta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases chart") [Moldova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases chart") [Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases chart") [Montenegro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases chart") [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases chart") [North Macedonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases chart") [Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart") [Poland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases chart") [by voivodeship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_by_voivodeship "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases by voivodeship") [Portugal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases chart") [Romania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases chart") Russia [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart") [by federal subject](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject") [San Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases chart") [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases chart") Slovakia [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases chart") [by region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases by region") [Slovenia cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases chart") [Spain cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases chart") [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases chart") [Switzerland cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases chart") [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases") [cases chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart") [Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases chart") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases") [Gibraltar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Gibraltar_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Gibraltar medical cases chart") [vaccinations chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations chart") [daily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_daily_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations daily chart") [by nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_weekly_by_nation_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations weekly by nation chart") [Vatican City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases chart") \| \| Oceania \| [Australia by state/territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_cases_by_state/territory "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory") [Fiji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart") [French Polynesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases chart") [New Caledonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases chart") [New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases chart") [Papua New Guinea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart") [Solomon Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Solomon_Islands_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Solomon Islands medical cases chart") \| \| Others \| [Antarctica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Antarctica_medical_cases_chart "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Antarctica medical cases chart") [Diamond Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Diamond_Princess_medical_cases "Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Diamond Princess medical cases") \| [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"): - [![virus icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg/20px-SARS-CoV-2_%28Wikimedia_colors%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SARS-CoV-2_\(Wikimedia_colors\).svg) [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:COVID-19 "Portal:COVID-19") - ![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/20px-WHO_Rod.svg.png) [Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicine "Portal:Medicine") - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Sida-aids.png/20px-Sida-aids.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sida-aids.png) [Viruses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Viruses "Portal:Viruses") ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic&oldid=1302686726>" 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