🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa057)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)","crawl_time":1754900633,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City) s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City) - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York This article is about the condominiums and hotel on Columbus Circle. For the condominiums and offices on Fifth Avenue, see  Trump Tower . The  Trump International Hotel and Tower , originally the  Gulf and Western Building , is a  high-rise building  at 15  Columbus Circle  and 1  Central Park West  on the  Upper West Side  of  Manhattan , New York City. It was originally designed by  Thomas E. Stanley  as an office building and completed in 1970 as the headquarters of  Gulf and Western Industries . In the mid-1990s, a joint venture composed of the  General Electric  Pension Fund, Galbreath Company, and developer  Donald Trump  renovated the building into a hotel and residential tower. The renovation was designed by  Philip Johnson  and  Costas Kondylis .\n The Trump International Hotel and Tower is 583 ft (178 m) tall and has contained 44 physical stories since it was built. The building originally had an aluminum-and-marble  facade  and was surrounded by a public plaza on  Broadway  and Central Park West. There was a  movie theater  and shops in the basement as well as a restaurant on the top floor. After the building was renovated, a glass facade was installed. The lower portion of the tower is used as a hotel, while the upper floors house  residential condominiums .\n Planning for an office skyscraper on the site dates to 1965, when developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro planned to replace an existing two- or three-story building there. After the Shapiros' firm made two failed proposals for the site,  Realty Equities Corporation  took over development in 1967. Upon its completion, the building served for more than two decades. By the early 1990s, the tower was bankrupt and the GE\/Galbreath\/Trump joint venture had taken over the structure. Gulf and Western successor  Paramount Communications  occupied the building until 1995, after which it was renovated; the residences opened in 1996 and the hotel rooms opened in 1997. The hotel was renovated in 2010.\n The Trump International Hotel and Tower is at 1 Central Park West, along the northern side of  Columbus Circle , on the  Upper West Side  of  Manhattan  in  New York City . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]  It occupies a trapezoidal plot of land bounded by  Broadway  to the west, 61st Street to the north, and Central Park West to the east. The  land lot  covers 31,349 sq ft (2,912 m 2 ), with a  frontage  of 261.54 ft (79.72 m) on Central Park West and a depth of 195 ft (59 m). [ 2 ]  The building is abutted by  15 Central Park West  to the north,  Central Park  to the east, and  Deutsche Bank Center  (formerly Time Warner Center) to the south. In addition, it is across Columbus Circle from  2 Columbus Circle  and  240 Central Park South  to the south. [ 2 ]  Entrances to the  New York City Subway 's  59th Street–Columbus Circle station , served by the  1 ,  A ,  B ,  C , and  D  trains, are directly outside the building. [ 3 ] The block had contained Durland's Riding Academy in the early 20th century, [ 4 ]  as well as a ball field. [ 5 ]  The lot was purchased in 1911 by magazine magnate  William Randolph Hearst . [ 6 ]  The plot was developed with the two-story American Circle Building, [ 7 ] [ 5 ]  designed by  Charles E. Birge , by 1914. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]  The building, known as the American International Building, [ 10 ]  had a  superstructure  that could support the weight of a 30-story tower, though the additional stories were never built. [ 11 ] [ 12 ]  Hearst had envisioned the creation of a large Midtown headquarters for his company near Columbus Circle, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district. [ 13 ]  However, the proposal collapsed in the  Great Depression  and only the  Hearst Magazine Building , three blocks south, was built. [ 11 ] [ 14 ]  Hearst's low-rise building on the north side of Columbus Circle remained standing until the 1960s, [ 12 ]  with a prominent  Coca-Cola  sign displaying time and temperature. [ 15 ] The Trump International Hotel and Tower was originally the Gulf and Western Building, designed by  Thomas E. Stanley  and constructed in the late 1960s. [ 1 ] [ 7 ]  It was built by  HRH Construction . [ 7 ] [ 16 ]  From 1995 to 1997,  Philip Johnson  and  Costas Kondylis  renovated the building into the current Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Cantor Seinuk  served as the structural engineers for the renovation. [ 19 ]  The 44-story building [ a ]  is 583 ft (178 m) tall [ 21 ] [ 22 ]  and is designed with 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m 2 ). [ 23 ]  This gives the building a  floor area ratio  (FAR) of 18. As apartment buildings were limited to a FAR of 12, Trump divided the tower into two separate structures for  zoning  purposes: a 17-story hotel at the base and a 28-story residential tower above. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The tower is managed by  the Trump Organization , a company run by developer and later U.S. president  Donald Trump .  The hotel units are owned by the  General Electric  (GE) Pension Trust and Galbreath & Company, who partnered with Trump in the 1990s residential conversion. The Trump Organization owns one of the condominiums, the parking garage, the restaurant space, the room-service kitchens, and the bathrooms in the lobby. The building and hotel are managed by the Trump Organization. The building's board of directors is composed of six residential owners, two hotel owners, and the president of the Trump Organization (who as of 2022 [update]  is  Donald Trump Jr. ). [ 25 ] The Gulf and Western Building was initially surrounded by a public plaza slightly above the sidewalk. The Central Park West frontage was raised two steps above the sidewalk there. [ 26 ]  Originally, the northwest corner of the plot had a seating area surrounding a staircase to a basement  movie theater , the Paramount Theater. [ 26 ] [ 27 ]  The only aboveground portion of the theater was a cylinder 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, which had an  LED  sign, a ticket booth, and an entrance to the theater. [ 27 ] [ 28 ]  A stair and escalators led from ground level to the theater. The stairs were illuminated by theatrical lighting and were somewhat similar to the staircases designed by  Wallace Harrison  for the  Metropolitan Opera House . [ 28 ] The portion of the plaza at the southern tip of the plot, facing Columbus Circle, is sunken below ground level. [ 29 ]  The circular plaza includes a large staircase leading to the New York City Subway's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station. [ 26 ]  There was also a building entrance in the sunken portion of the plaza. The sunken plaza had been added at the suggestion of by the Urban Design Group, which believed Broadway would be redeveloped significantly following the development of  Lincoln Center  several blocks north. [ 29 ] The  Columbus Circle globe , a 30-foot-wide silver  globe  of the Earth by artist Kim Brandell, was installed in front of the building during its conversion into the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 30 ]  The globe is inspired by the  Unisphere  in  Queens , the  New York City borough  where Trump had grown up. [ 31 ] [ 32 ]  According to Trump, the globe had been installed at the suggestion of a  feng shui  consultant he had hired. [ 23 ] [ 31 ] [ 33 ]  The globe was to include the words \"Trump International\" in 3 ft-high (0.91 m) letters, but the letters were not installed because city officials objected to the idea. [ 32 ] [ 34 ]  When the globe was installed in 1997, nearby office workers complained that it was causing too much glare. The original plan had been to coat the globe in a golden surface, which would have reduced the glare, but Trump's feng shui consultants had recommended against it. [ 35 ] The facade seen from 61st Street Thomas Stanley had intended the Gulf and Western Building to \"provide a nice transition from Central Park\", though the design was widely criticized upon the building's completion. [ 4 ]  The Gulf and Western Building's  facade  originally had steel columns, which were clad in marble from the plaza to the fourth story. Black granite was used in the  spandrels  above the second-story and third-story windows, while a marble  belt course  ran above the fourth floor. [ 7 ]  The marble was meant to complement the  New York Coliseum  (later demolished for the Deutsche Bank Center) and 2 Columbus Circle. [ 12 ]  On the fifth story and above, the facade was composed of prefabricated gray-glass windows with aluminum frames, as well as extruded vertical aluminum  mullions  that were painted white. [ 7 ]  A red sign reading \"G&W\" was originally mounted atop the building. [ 36 ]  The facade panels had become misaligned by the early 1990s, [ 4 ] [ 37 ]  which necessitated the  caulking  of loose facade panels, as well as the installation of mullions and large pins to secure the panels. [ 38 ] When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, the facade was re-clad in dark glass and steel. [ 39 ]  Trump had requested that glass be used, despite the fact that some of Johnson's more contemporary projects like  550 Madison Avenue  used stone. [ 23 ]  Johnson had initially intended to model the new design on the  Seagram Building , which he had helped design in the 1950s. [ 19 ] [ 40 ]  As such, the windows between the columns were originally designed as flat windows, before Johnson considered designing the openings with projecting two-sided windows instead. The final design was similar to Johnson's  One PPG Place  in Pittsburgh. [ 23 ] [ 24 ]  The redesigned facade has non-reflective, slightly projecting three-sided windows. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] The facade's steel is painted a gold color, a hue Trump used in several of his other projects. [ 39 ]  Johnson attributed the gold color to Trump's preference. [ 41 ]  Trump had originally wanted the facade to be bright gold, but he decided to use a matte finish instead after hiring a feng shui consultant, who told him to change it to reflect the clouds in the sky. [ 23 ] [ 33 ] [ 42 ]  Johnson had suggested removing the glass  spandrels  between floors to reduce costs, but Trump declined, saying the spandrels \"sparkle like a diamond\". [ 43 ] Structural features [ edit ] The Gulf and Western Building was erected with a mechanical core at its center. [ 44 ]  The outer stories were reinforced with steel columns at intervals of 26 ft (7.9 m). When the skyscraper was constructed, it would sway slightly during strong winds. [ 4 ]  According to structural engineer  Ysrael Seinuk , the building would sway as much as 2.5 ft (0.76 m) laterally because of the lack of other tall buildings nearby to absorb the wind loads. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] [ 40 ]  Additionally, winds from the north would travel more quickly down Broadway than along Central Park West, due to the presence of a collection of tall apartment structures on Central Park West. This effectively turned the Gulf and Western Building into an  airfoil , which would twist in high winds. [ 24 ] As early as 1982, structural cracks prompted the building's owner to install a wind brace from ground level to the roof, measuring 44 by 15 ft (13.4 by 4.6 m). [ 44 ]  When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, Seinuk added two concrete-and-steel  shear walls  in a cruciform arrangement. [ 24 ] [ 40 ]  Under the original renovation plans, diagonal steel trusses would have been installed in the mechanical core from the 1st to the 14th floors. The 15th and 16th stories, which were converted to mechanical stories, would have had double-height outrigger trusses connecting the core and perimeter, as well as a belt truss with inverted \"V\"s at the perimeter. On the upper stories, the number of columns in the periphery would have been doubled, reducing the space between columns to 13 ft (4.0 m). [ 24 ] [ 18 ]  This plan had been abandoned by 1995 in favor of a concrete wall through the building's center, rising to the 33rd floors. [ 45 ] The building has a total area of 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m 2 ). [ 23 ]  The original layout of the building had 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m 2 ) of usable space with about 13,000 sq ft (1,200 m 2 ) on each floor. [ 26 ]  When the building was converted into a hotel and residences, the top story was renumbered as floor 52; it was marketed this way since the ceilings in buildings designed for office use, such as the Gulf and Western Building, are typically higher than ceilings in residential buildings. [ 46 ]  The floor numbering of the upper stories is offset by seven, so an apartment on floor 27 is actually on the 20th story. When residents buy a condominium, they sign a document that tells them about the floor-numbering discrepancy. [ 20 ]  According to Trump, the building was equivalent to a standard 60-story apartment structure, [ 36 ]  leading  The New York Times  to write: \"Seen this way, measuring the converted tower at 52 floors was an act of altitudinal restraint.\" [ 46 ] Shops and restaurants were planned on two basement levels below the plaza that surrounded the Gulf and Western Building. [ 7 ]  The Paramount Theater was in the basement underneath the northern end of the building. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 47 ]  It had either 532 [ 27 ] [ 29 ]  or 535 seats. [ 47 ]  When the theater opened in 1970 with its aboveground ticket booth,  Architectural Forum  said: \"This theater is one of the handsomest non-buildings of recent years. We could use more of them.\" [ 27 ]  The Paramount Theater subsequently became the Loews Columbus Circle, which was closed in the mid-1990s. [ 24 ] The office stories had ceiling heights of 12 ft (3.7 m), which were retained in the renovation. [ 24 ]  The Gulf and Western Building originally used  asbestos  as insulation, a common material used in contemporary structures at the time. [ 37 ]  After the building's completion, asbestos in New York City buildings was outlawed and the city passed a law that required building renovations to include asbestos removal. [ 48 ] The top floor contained a restaurant called Top of the Park. [ 49 ] [ 50 ]  The restaurant had wallpaper and frosted-glass partitions with animal and plant decorations, decorated by  Ellen Lehman McCluskey  as an allusion to animals and plants in Central Park and the  Central Park Zoo . [ 29 ] [ 49 ]  The space also had red walls and mirrors as decorations, which architectural critic  Paul Goldberger  described in 1976 as \"perhaps the most conspicuous missed chance of recent years in terms of restaurant design\". [ 51 ]  In 1988, Top of the Park was converted to a banquet space with a 200-person main dining room, as well as four smaller rooms fitting between 10 and 75 people. [ 50 ] Current hotel and condominiums [ edit ] Seen from ground level French chef  Jean-Georges Vongerichten  was hired to operate  Jean-Georges , a ground-story restaurant at the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 43 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ]  Jean-Georges, a  Michelin-starred  restaurant, [ 54 ] [ 55 ]  serves  New French cuisine . [ 56 ]  The Jean-Georges restaurant space was designed by  Adam Tihany , who arranged the space with both a cafe and a main dining room. [ 53 ]  Adjacent to it is Nougatine, a bar also operated by Vongerichten. [ 57 ]  Also within the hotel is a fitness center, [ 43 ] [ 58 ]  a 6,000 sq ft (560 m 2 ) spa, [ 59 ]  as well as a business center and a 15-seat boardroom. [ 58 ]  The fitness center has an indoor pool measuring 55 ft (17 m) long. [ 60 ] The lower portion of the tower, below the 17th story, is used for hotel rooms. [ 24 ] [ 58 ]  There are 168 hotel units [ 58 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ b ]  owned by GE and Galbreath. [ 62 ]  The units include suites as well as one-bedroom and two-bedroom units. Each unit has a kitchen and large closets; originally, the rooms were all equipped with electronics like a  VCR ,  CD player ,  fax machine , and TV. Forty of the suites have two bedrooms; each of these has an entry foyer with a toilet, as well as two bathrooms and a living room. [ 61 ]  In addition, each hotel guest is allowed to use the \"Trump Attaché\" concierge service. [ 61 ] [ 63 ]  A  New York Times  critic described the original decor as \"not exactly homey\" but \"highly effective\" for a one-night stay. [ 64 ]  After a renovation in 2010, each room was upgraded with an HDTV. [ 59 ] There are 156 condominium residences [ c ]  on the upper 27 stories. [ 62 ]  Costas Kondylis designed the layout of the residences. [ 23 ]  When the renovation had been completed in 1996, there had been 166 condominiums, each of which had 10 ft-tall (3.0 m) ceilings and 9 ft-tall (2.7 m) windows. The living spaces cover up 5,500 sq ft (510 m 2 ) each. [ 43 ]  The condominium units vary in size and arrangement. For instance, one studio apartment has an open kitchen, as well as a long entrance gallery and large closet, while one of the one-bedroom units contains an enclosed kitchen. Some of the two- and three-bedroom units include a living\/dining area, kitchen, and entrance gallery, while others include an entrance foyer, a living room–library, a dining alcove, and a kitchen. [ 62 ]  Seven of the units are larger than the others and are classified as \"A-line\" units; [ 65 ]  one of these, a four-bedroom unit on floor 48, has a separate foyer, living room, dining room, and library. [ 62 ]  Trump's penthouse, on floor 52 (the 44th story), had five bedrooms with marble-clad hallways and bathrooms. [ 66 ] Trump was highly involved in selecting materials for the interior, choosing different woods for each of the three lobbies and picking the marble in the master bathrooms. [ 43 ]  He also picked finishes for the units' kitchens and bathrooms, spending $10,000 to $25,000 more per unit than he had at his earlier  Trump Tower . [ 67 ] Columbus Circle was redeveloped in the late 1950s and the 1960s. [ 68 ]  The renewal of Columbus Circle had been spurred by the development of the New York Coliseum in 1956. The developments had included the construction of 2 Columbus Circle; renovation of storefronts at 240 Central Park South; and new buildings on Broadway between  59th  and 68th Streets, just north of Columbus Circle. [ 69 ] Gulf and Western Building [ edit ] Planning and construction [ edit ] In March 1965, developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro of the company Forteyn announced their intention to develop a building at 1 Central Park West, [ 70 ]  the last undeveloped site directly adjacent to Columbus Circle. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Harold M. Liebman Associates  had designed a 45-story structure for the site, along with a raised plaza. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] [ 71 ]  The building would have contained 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m 2 ), with 10,500 sq ft (980 m 2 ) on each floor, supported by the original foundations of the low-rise structure there. [ 70 ]  There would have been a glass-and-aluminum facade with a marble mechanical shaft facing west. [ 68 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ]  The Coca-Cola sign of the old building was dismantled starting in August 1965. [ 15 ]  The Shapiros also relocated four existing tenants of 1 Central Park West into a nearby building they owned. [ 72 ] Demolition of the site was completed in early 1966. [ 10 ]  That June, Forteyn announced that it had revised plans for the 45-story building. Rather than being an angular structure used for offices, the new plan would have offices only on its first nine stories and restaurant on the tenth story, with the address 15 Columbus Circle. The remaining stories would be cylindrical, with residences inside, and would carry the address 1 Central Park West. [ 10 ] [ 73 ]  Architectural critic  Ada Louise Huxtable  regarded the plans as \"ludicrous\", regarding it as a cross between bow-shaped structures like the  Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building  in  Hartford, Connecticut , and circular towers such as  Marina City  in  Chicago . [ 74 ]  According to Huxtable, \"The reasoning here seems to be that ... New York can go two cities one better by building both, one on top of the other\". [ 74 ] [ 29 ] Forteyn was unable to proceed with construction because it could not get financing for the project. [ 7 ] [ 29 ]  The site was subsequently sold to the  Investors Funding Corporation of New York , which in turn leased it to the  Realty Equities Corporation . [ 29 ] [ 75 ]  In October 1967,  Gulf and Western Industries  officially announced it would develop the building at a cost of $20 million. [ 12 ] [ 75 ]  Gulf and Western planned to take the top portion of the new building; it also planned to expand into the lower stories in the future. [ 12 ] [ 29 ]  Realty Equities was to construct the building. [ 75 ]  A groundbreaking ceremony took place in March 1968. [ 7 ] [ 76 ]  At that time, Gulf and Western increased its space requirements in the new building from 13 to 22 stories. [ 77 ]  Construction was almost completed by late 1969, but the elevators had not been installed. The elevator-installation workers went on strike in June 1969 and continued their strike for at least four months. As a result, other workers were forced to walk up to their respective floors, leading the city to halt work because workers would not be able to evacuate quickly in an emergency. [ 76 ] Facade view of the Trump International Hotel and Tower The building was completed in 1970, [ 78 ]  with the Paramount Theater opening in the basement that June. [ 47 ]  Cross & Brown were the leasing agents; [ 79 ]  the tower's first lessees included accounting firm Seidman and Seidman. [ 80 ]  During the early 1970s, an awning flew off during a high wind, [ 81 ]  and a man shot out windows in the Top of the Park restaurant, though no one was killed or seriously injured in either case. [ 82 ] [ 83 ]  A rooftop antenna was installed at the Gulf and Western Building in 1975 to test the  Westar  satellite system for  satellite television . [ 84 ]  The tower was also damaged in a February 1977 bombing committed by the Puerto Rican nationalist group  Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña  (FALN), but no one was killed or injured. [ 85 ] [ 86 ]  The Gulf and Western Building was owned by billionaire businessman  John D. MacArthur  at the time of his death in 1978. [ 87 ] In 1980, the skyscraper's management was transferred from Louis Feil to  Cushman & Wakefield . [ 88 ]  At the time, the tower was owned by  Bankers Life , which in turn was operated by the  MacArthur Foundation . [ 89 ]  By 1982, the Gulf and Western Building swayed so much in the wind that its core walls and stairwells had developed cracks and workers had complained of nausea. [ 44 ] [ 90 ]  The swaying also disrupted elevator service. [ 91 ]  Some marble in the lower stories had cracked and was covered in plywood. [ 90 ]  This prompted Bankers Life to add a brace between the street and roof at a cost of more than $10 million. [ 44 ]  The MacArthur Foundation sold Bankers Life and its holdings in 1983 to Boston-based firm  First Winthrop . [ 92 ]  The following year, the MacArthur Foundation sold the Gulf and Western Building and 17 other properties to First Winthrop as part of a transaction worth over $400 million. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ d ]  First Winthrop also received a $330 million mortgage from the  General Electric  (GE) Pension Trust and sold a $336 million ownership stake. [ 95 ] First Winthrop and GE tried to refinance the tower in the late 1980s. However, because the building had included asbestos in its construction, a large insurer would not give a loan, as the presence of asbestos was too risky for the insurer. The refinancing was canceled for an unrelated reason. [ 96 ] Restaurant Associates  announced in 1988 that it would convert the Top of the Park restaurant into a private banquet facility designed by  Adam Tihany . [ 50 ] [ 97 ]  The same year, the Gulf and Western Building's basement was flooded in a water main break. [ 98 ] [ 99 ]  The building was renamed 15 Columbus Circle in January 1989 when Gulf and Western was renamed  Paramount Communications . [ 100 ] [ 101 ]  By the early 1990s, Paramount occupied 85 percent of the space, taking floors 2–5 and 13–44, while  BDO Seidman  occupied another 12 percent. [ 4 ] 15 Columbus Circle continued to face both legal and structural issues. In late 1990, a structural engineer published a report about the facade on behalf of the building's owners. The engineer's report said that the badly misaligned facade panels could blow off during high winds and that several exterior columns had cracked. While a sidewalk scaffold had been erected around the building, the report said the panels could fall outside the area covered by the scaffold. The report recommended that \"immediate remedial measures\" be implemented, but no such measures were taken for over two years. [ 4 ]  In 1991, GE moved to foreclose on a mortgage on 15 Columbus Circle, and the building's legal owner filed for bankruptcy protection. [ 4 ] [ 102 ]  Paramount was scheduled to relocate when its lease expired in April 1995, leaving the space 85 percent vacant. The cost of repairing the windows, removing asbestos, and fixing the structural issues made the building particularly difficult to market; by 1993, no one had made an offer for the structure. [ 4 ] Trump International Hotel and Tower [ edit ] View from 61st Street GE took title to the building in early 1993, choosing that option over foreclosing on First Winthrop's loan. That year, GE conducted a $2 million renovation to stabilize the facade. [ 38 ]  Concurrently, GE had hired real estate firm Galbreath Company to conduct a feasibility study for the building's future use. Galbreath recommended that 15 Columbus Circle be converted into a mixed-use property with both residential condominiums and offices. [ 103 ] In March 1994, GE hired businessman and developer  Donald Trump , as well as Galbreath, to renovate the tower with residential units on the upper stories. [ 36 ] [ 91 ] [ 103 ]  The lower stories would be converted into either a hotel or offices. According to Galbreath's CEO Peter Ricker, Trump was hired because \"he has been successful with high-rise condos like no one else has\". [ 36 ]  The building's address would also be changed from 15 Columbus Circle to 1 Central Park West, a more upscale address. [ 36 ] [ 104 ]  Trump considered  Philip Johnson ,  Frank Gehry , and  Robert A. M. Stern  as possible architects for the conversion. [ 36 ] [ 37 ]  Johnson was hired as the conversion architect in May 1994. [ 19 ] [ 105 ] [ 106 ] Ricker said the building would have to be deconstructed so its steel frame could be repaired. [ 91 ]  Trump planned to have  trusses  and columns installed throughout the building to make the tower rigid and stable. [ 24 ]  Renovation was chosen over demolition because 1 Central Park West already exceeded the maximum size of a residential building that could be built on the site, so a new building would have been ten to twelve stories shorter. [ 18 ] [ 36 ]  To avoid having to demolish existing stories under zoning law, Trump split the building into permanent residential and short-term hotel components. [ 23 ] [ 24 ]  Office spaces were not included because, according to Galbreath's executive managing director, \"the rents were not high enough to support new office construction or rehabilitation\". [ 107 ]  The renovation was to take two years and cost $230 million, with the building being rebranded as the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 24 ]  For the renovation, the joint venture received a $15.9 million tax abatement. [ 108 ] The work could not begin until Paramount moved out. [ 41 ]  BDO Seidman moved out during July 1994, freeing up most of the space not occupied by Paramount. [ 109 ]  Just before the beginning of the renovation, Trump replaced the scaffolding that had surrounded 15 Columbus Circle for several years. [ 110 ]  The renovations began in June 1995, after Paramount moved out. [ 111 ] Barbara Corcoran  and  Louise Sunshine  were hired as the sales and marketing directors. Corcoran predicted that many of the units would be purchased by Asian investors. [ 24 ]  By late 1995, foreign nationals made up half of the buyers for the condominium section. [ 112 ]  In February 1996,  Jean-Georges Vongerichten  and  Bob Giraldi  signed a lease for the ground-floor restaurant space at the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 52 ] [ 113 ] Opening and early years [ edit ] The residential units of Trump International Tower opened in April 1996, at which point sales commenced on the hotel units. Marketing brochures advertised the tower as having \"the most important new address in the world\". [ 43 ]  At the time, more than half of the residences had already been sold. [ 43 ] [ 114 ]  This was in part due to what one real-estate agent described as the popularity of Trump's name among international buyers. [ 115 ]  Trump and his family decided to occupy the penthouse unit of 1 Central Park West. [ 43 ] [ 116 ]  Trump operated a sales office for the tower on Central Park South, with a replica of the tower as well as an eight-minute promotional film. [ 43 ]  While ownership costs for the condos were initially projected to be $300\/sq ft ($3,200\/m 2 ), by 1997 many of the apartments had sold for $800\/sq ft ($8,600\/m 2 ). [ 117 ]  After divorcing his wife  Marla Maples , Trump rented out the penthouse in 1998, [ 66 ] [ 118 ]  and Italian producer  Vittorio Cecchi Gori  then purchased the unit. [ 118 ] The Trump International Hotel was not yet open by December 1996, when Trump hosted a party for his New York City employees in the unfinished space. [ 119 ]  The hotel started accepting guests the following month. [ 120 ] [ 121 ]  According to  New York  magazine, only one guest checked in on the first day of the hotel's operation. [ 121 ]  In response, a Trump spokesperson claimed management tried to dissuade too many guests from booking rooms there. [ 121 ]  Trump called the  New York  story \"totally incorrect\", saying the hotel \"has the best location in New York City in the hottest hotel market ever\". [ 122 ]  Though the Trump International Hotel was the first hotel to open around Columbus Circle in several decades, its completion spurred the construction of other nearby hotels like the  Mandarin Oriental, New York , in the then-under-construction Time Warner Center. [ 123 ]  The tower's conversion, as a whole, also influenced the development of other projects around Columbus Circle [ 124 ]  and in the western portion of  Midtown Manhattan . [ 125 ] While Trump did not own the building, he received a large payment from GE Pension Trust for its development, as well as a portion of profits from the sale of the condos. [ 126 ]  Despite his name being on the building, he only operated the restaurant, stores, and rooftop. [ 127 ]  By 2005, the Trump International Hotel and Tower had the city's most expensive rental apartment, a four-bedroom unit offered at $55,000 per month. [ 128 ]  Among the units sold at the tower was an apartment that, in 2007, was sold for $18 million and resold on the same day for $21 million. [ 129 ]  In mid-2009, the tower's penthouse was sold at auction for $18 million as part of a foreclosure proceeding against Cecchi Gori; at the time, it was the largest foreclosure auction in Manhattan. [ 118 ]  A Russian family bought the penthouse but reneged after learning of the cost to renovate the apartment, and it was ultimately sold in late 2010 for $31 million. [ 130 ] \nThe  Trump family  announced in November 2009 that it would renovate the 167 hotel rooms over the following year. [ 131 ] [ 132 ]  The work was to be conducted in two phases: half of units would be renovated from January to April while the other half would be renovated from June to September. [ 132 ]  The renovation was completed in September 2010 at a cost of $30 million. [ 133 ]  The Jean-Georges restaurant was renovated the same year to designs by  Thomas Juul-Hansen . [ 134 ]  Following that, Juul-Hansen designed a renovation for Nougatine in 2012. [ 57 ] [ 135 ]   After the  2016 United States presidential election , in which Trump was first elected U.S. president, the hotel became the site of occasional  protests  against  his administration . [ 136 ] [ 137 ]  By the late 2010s, residential units at the Trump International Tower were selling for over $3,000\/sq ft ($32,000\/m 2 ), less than units in newer skyscrapers on nearby  Billionaires' Row  such as  432 Park Avenue  and  One57 . [ 138 ] View from Columbus Circle In June 2019, several condo owners demanded that the property be known simply by its address because the Trump name was diminishing the value of the building. [ 25 ]  By that August, Trump International's condominium board was considering rebranding the residential section as \"One Central Park West\" as part of a larger-scale renovation of the building. The hotel section would still carry the Trump name; according to  The New York Times , the Trump family considered the hotel's name \"untouchable\" since the Trump International Hotel in New York City had been the earliest such hotel in the Trump International chain. [ 139 ] [ 140 ]  While the condo board ultimately voted to keep the \"Trump International\" name for the residences, they also agreed to renovate the marquee on the Central Park West side of the building. [ 139 ] [ 141 ]  As a compromise proposed by Trump's son  Donald Trump Jr. , the sign on the marquee was changed to display Trump's name on the left and the building's address on the right. [ 142 ]  An analysis, publicized in February 2024, found that the average per-square-foot cost of a condominium at the Trump International Hotel and Tower had declined since 2016, although Trump's son  Eric Trump  disputed the findings. [ 143 ] [ 144 ] When the Gulf and Western Building was completed, its design was much criticized.  Mervyn Rothstein , in  The New York Times , wrote that many critics regarded the tower as \"too tall, the wrong shape for its site and completely out of context\". [ 4 ]  In 1977, architectural writer  Paul Goldberger  regarded all the buildings around Columbus Circle as having \"no good architecture\", writing of the Gulf and Western Building's \"boredom\" along with the Coliseum's \"oppressiveness\" and 2 Columbus Circle's \"silliness\". [ 145 ]  Robert A. M. Stern said the Gulf and Western Building \"was at once a behemoth and a banality, and its contribution to the skyline was notable only as a memorial to lost opportunity\". [ 29 ]  In a 1987  New York  magazine poll of \"more than 100 prominent New Yorkers\", the Gulf and Western Building was one of the ten most disliked structures in New York City. [ 146 ] Herbert Muschamp  wrote that the original design \"neither holds the circle's perimeter edge nor respects the lower scale of the Central Park West buildings beyond\". [ 147 ] When the hotel and residential conversion was announced, a writer for  Architecture  magazine said the gilded design \"overpowers the circle\" and the  statue of Christopher Columbus  at its center. [ 148 ]  Writing for  The New York Times  in 1995, Muschamp said the design was an \"undeniable improvement over the dull dark box that has loomed over this privileged location for the last 25 years\", but he found issue with what he called \"the symbolic stridency with which its golden skin proclaims the triumph of private enterprise in such a publicly conspicuous place\". [ 23 ] [ 111 ]  After writing that article, Muschamp said he got angry comments imploring him to \"do something\" about the design. [ 17 ]  Trump, who saw Muschamp's review as negative, occasionally called the critic to ask him to review the hotel again following its opening. [ 149 ]  Trump even met Muschamp at the  Museum of Modern Art  to discuss the review. [ 150 ] Upon the renovation's completion, the  New York Daily News  said that, even with the redesign by Johnson, it had received only \"mixed\" reception. [ 114 ]  Martin Filler, writing for  The New Republic  in 2000, said the design went \"from bad to worse\", saying: \"This meretricious face-lift was more in keeping with Trump's high-roller aesthetic than with the demands of decorum in high-profile public settings.\" [ 151 ] ^ Sometimes cited as a 45-story building [ 20 ] ^ The hotel was originally planned with 167 units. [ 23 ] [ 41 ] ^ The condominiums were originally planned with 166 units. [ 23 ] [ 41 ] ^ The Boston Globe  reported the sale at $430 million. 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Structural features](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Structural_features)\n  - [2\\.4 Interior](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Interior)\n    - [2\\.4.1 Original offices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Original_offices)\n    - [2\\.4.2 Current hotel and condominiums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Current_hotel_and_condominiums)\n- [3 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Gulf and Western Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Gulf_and_Western_Building)\n    - [3\\.1.1 Planning and construction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Planning_and_construction)\n    - [3\\.1.2 Office use](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Office_use)\n  - [3\\.2 Trump International Hotel and Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower)\n    - [3\\.2.1 Renovation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Renovation)\n    - [3\\.2.2 Opening and early years](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Opening_and_early_years)\n    - [3\\.2.3 21st century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#21st_century)\n- [4 Critical reception](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#Critical_reception)\n- [5 See 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Click here for more information.](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Symbol_support_vote.svg\/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Good_articles* \"This is a good article. Click here for more information.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nResidential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York\n\nThis article is about the condominiums and hotel on Columbus Circle. For the condominiums and offices on Fifth Avenue, see [Trump Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower \"Trump Tower\").\n\n| Trump International Hotel and Tower |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG\/250px-4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG)The tower, with the [Columbus Circle globe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle_globe \"Columbus Circle globe\") in front |   |\n| [![Map](https:\/\/maps.wikimedia.org\/img\/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_%28New_York_City%29&revid=1285600184&groups=_37dd80ce220f10e601dffc34255da075873d1fbc)]() |   |\n| Former names | Gulf & Western Building |\n| General information |   |\n| Status | Completed |\n| Type | Residential |\n| Address | 15 [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\") [Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan \"Manhattan\"), New York, U.S. |\n| [Coordinates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geographic_coordinate_system \"Geographic coordinate system\") | [40°46′09″N 73°58′54″W \/ 40\\.76917°N 73.98167°W \/ 40\\.76917; -73.98167](https:\/\/geohack.toolforge.org\/geohack.php?pagename=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&params=40_46_09_N_73_58_54_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark) |\n| Construction started | 1968 |\n| Completed | 1970 |\n| Renovated | 1995–1997 |\n| Height |   |\n| Roof | 583 ft (178 m) |\n| Top floor | 555 ft (169 m) |\n| Technical details |   |\n| Floor count | 44 |\n| Design and construction |   |\n| Architect(s) | [Thomas E. Stanley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_E._Stanley \"Thomas E. Stanley\") |\n| Renovating team |   |\n| Architect(s) | [Philip Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Johnson \"Philip Johnson\") and [Costas Kondylis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Costas_Kondylis \"Costas Kondylis\") |\n\nThe **Trump International Hotel and Tower**, originally the **Gulf and Western Building**, is a [high-rise building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High-rise_building \"High-rise building\") at 15 [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\") and 1 [Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park_West \"Central Park West\") on the [Upper West Side](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upper_West_Side \"Upper West Side\") of [Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan \"Manhattan\"), New York City. It was originally designed by [Thomas E. Stanley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_E._Stanley \"Thomas E. Stanley\") as an office building and completed in 1970 as the headquarters of [Gulf and Western Industries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_and_Western_Industries \"Gulf and Western Industries\"). In the mid-1990s, a joint venture composed of the [General Electric](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Electric \"General Electric\") Pension Fund, Galbreath Company, and developer [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") renovated the building into a hotel and residential tower. The renovation was designed by [Philip Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Johnson \"Philip Johnson\") and [Costas Kondylis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Costas_Kondylis \"Costas Kondylis\").\n\nThe Trump International Hotel and Tower is 583 ft (178 m) tall and has contained 44 physical stories since it was built. The building originally had an aluminum-and-marble [facade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facade \"Facade\") and was surrounded by a public plaza on [Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Broadway (Manhattan)\") and Central Park West. There was a [movie theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movie_theater \"Movie theater\") and shops in the basement as well as a restaurant on the top floor. After the building was renovated, a glass facade was installed. The lower portion of the tower is used as a hotel, while the upper floors house [residential condominiums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Residential_condominium \"Residential condominium\").\n\nPlanning for an office skyscraper on the site dates to 1965, when developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro planned to replace an existing two- or three-story building there. After the Shapiros' firm made two failed proposals for the site, [Realty Equities Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Realty_Equities_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Realty Equities Corporation (page does not exist)\") took over development in 1967. Upon its completion, the building served for more than two decades. By the early 1990s, the tower was bankrupt and the GE\/Galbreath\/Trump joint venture had taken over the structure. Gulf and Western successor [Paramount Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount_Communications \"Paramount Communications\") occupied the building until 1995, after which it was renovated; the residences opened in 1996 and the hotel rooms opened in 1997. The hotel was renovated in 2010.\n\n## Site\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Site\")\\]\n\nThe Trump International Hotel and Tower is at 1 Central Park West, along the northern side of [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\"), on the [Upper West Side](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upper_West_Side \"Upper West Side\") of [Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan \"Manhattan\") in [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\").[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-aia4-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) It occupies a trapezoidal plot of land bounded by [Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Broadway (Manhattan)\") to the west, 61st Street to the north, and Central Park West to the east. The [land lot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Land_lot \"Land lot\") covers 31,349 sq ft (2,912 m2), with a [frontage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frontage \"Frontage\") of 261.54 ft (79.72 m) on Central Park West and a depth of 195 ft (59 m).[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) The building is abutted by [15 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/15_Central_Park_West \"15 Central Park West\") to the north, [Central Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park \"Central Park\") to the east, and [Deutsche Bank Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Bank_Center \"Deutsche Bank Center\") (formerly Time Warner Center) to the south. In addition, it is across Columbus Circle from [2 Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_Columbus_Circle \"2 Columbus Circle\") and [240 Central Park South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/240_Central_Park_South \"240 Central Park South\") to the south.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) Entrances to the [New York City Subway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Subway \"New York City Subway\")'s [59th Street–Columbus Circle station](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station \"59th Street–Columbus Circle station\"), served by the [1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_\$New_York_City_Subway_service\$ \"1 (New York City Subway service)\"), [A](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_\$New_York_City_Subway_service\$ \"A (New York City Subway service)\"), [B](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B_\$New_York_City_Subway_service\$ \"B (New York City Subway service)\"), [C](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C_\$New_York_City_Subway_service\$ \"C (New York City Subway service)\"), and [D](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D_\$New_York_City_Subway_service\$ \"D (New York City Subway service)\") trains, are directly outside the building.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-3)\n\nThe block had contained Durland's Riding Academy in the early 20th century,[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) as well as a ball field.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84563211-5) The lot was purchased in 1911 by magazine magnate [William Randolph Hearst](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Randolph_Hearst \"William Randolph Hearst\").[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-6) The plot was developed with the two-story American Circle Building,[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84563211-5) designed by [Charles E. Birge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Charles_E._Birge&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Charles E. Birge (page does not exist)\"), by 1914.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-8)[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-9) The building, known as the American International Building,[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10) had a [superstructure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superstructure \"Superstructure\") that could support the weight of a 30-story tower, though the additional stories were never built.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-NYCL-1625-11)[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) Hearst had envisioned the creation of a large Midtown headquarters for his company near Columbus Circle, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-13) However, the proposal collapsed in the [Great Depression](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Depression \"Great Depression\") and only the [Hearst Magazine Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hearst_Magazine_Building \"Hearst Magazine Building\"), three blocks south, was built.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-NYCL-1625-11)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-14) Hearst's low-rise building on the north side of Columbus Circle remained standing until the 1960s,[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) with a prominent [Coca-Cola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coca-Cola \"Coca-Cola\") sign displaying time and temperature.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19650821-15)\n\n## Architecture\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Architecture\")\\]\n\nThe Trump International Hotel and Tower was originally the Gulf and Western Building, designed by [Thomas E. Stanley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_E._Stanley \"Thomas E. Stanley\") and constructed in the late 1960s.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-aia4-1)[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7) It was built by [HRH Construction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=HRH_Construction&action=edit&redlink=1 \"HRH Construction (page does not exist)\").[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-16) From 1995 to 1997, [Philip Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Johnson \"Philip Johnson\") and [Costas Kondylis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Costas_Kondylis \"Costas Kondylis\") renovated the building into the current Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19951119-17)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18) [Cantor Seinuk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cantor_Seinuk \"Cantor Seinuk\") served as the structural engineers for the renovation.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19) The 44-story building[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-21) is 583 ft (178 m) tall[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-22)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-23) and is designed with 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m2).[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24) This gives the building a [floor area ratio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Floor_area_ratio \"Floor area ratio\") (FAR) of 18. As apartment buildings were limited to a FAR of 12, Trump divided the tower into two separate structures for [zoning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoning \"Zoning\") purposes: a 17-story hotel at the base and a 28-story residential tower above.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)\n\nThe tower is managed by [the Trump Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trump_Organization \"The Trump Organization\"), a company run by developer and later U.S. president [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"). The hotel units are owned by the [General Electric](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Electric \"General Electric\") (GE) Pension Trust and Galbreath & Company, who partnered with Trump in the 1990s residential conversion. The Trump Organization owns one of the condominiums, the parking garage, the restaurant space, the room-service kitchens, and the bathrooms in the lobby. The building and hotel are managed by the Trump Organization. The building's board of directors is composed of six residential owners, two hotel owners, and the president of the Trump Organization (who as of 2022[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit) is [Donald Trump Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump_Jr. \"Donald Trump Jr.\")).[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20190825-26)\n\n### Plaza\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Plaza\")\\]\n\nThe Gulf and Western Building was initially surrounded by a public plaza slightly above the sidewalk. The Central Park West frontage was raised two steps above the sidewalk there.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118225821-27) Originally, the northwest corner of the plot had a seating area surrounding a staircase to a basement [movie theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Movie_theater \"Movie theater\"), the Paramount Theater.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118225821-27)[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28) The only aboveground portion of the theater was a cylinder 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, which had an [LED](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-emitting_diode \"Light-emitting diode\") sign, a ticket booth, and an entrance to the theater.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29) A stair and escalators led from ground level to the theater. The stairs were illuminated by theatrical lighting and were somewhat similar to the staircases designed by [Wallace Harrison](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wallace_Harrison \"Wallace Harrison\") for the [Metropolitan Opera House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Opera_House_\$Lincoln_Center\$ \"Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)\").[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29)\n\nThe portion of the plaza at the southern tip of the plot, facing Columbus Circle, is sunken below ground level.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30) The circular plaza includes a large staircase leading to the New York City Subway's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118225821-27) There was also a building entrance in the sunken portion of the plaza. The sunken plaza had been added at the suggestion of by the Urban Design Group, which believed Broadway would be redeveloped significantly following the development of [Lincoln Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Center \"Lincoln Center\") several blocks north.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30)\n\nThe [Columbus Circle globe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle_globe \"Columbus Circle globe\"), a 30-foot-wide silver [globe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle_globe \"Columbus Circle globe\") of the Earth by artist Kim Brandell, was installed in front of the building during its conversion into the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-31) The globe is inspired by the [Unisphere](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unisphere \"Unisphere\") in [Queens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queens \"Queens\"), the [New York City borough](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boroughs_of_New_York_City \"Boroughs of New York City\") where Trump had grown up.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_p._15-32)[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20161026-33) According to Trump, the globe had been installed at the suggestion of a [feng shui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feng_shui \"Feng shui\") consultant he had hired.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_p._15-32)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Jacobs_1997-01-27-34) The globe was to include the words \"Trump International\" in 3 ft-high (0.91 m) letters, but the letters were not installed because city officials objected to the idea.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20161026-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-35) When the globe was installed in 1997, nearby office workers complained that it was causing too much glare. The original plan had been to coat the globe in a golden surface, which would have reduced the glare, but Trump's feng shui consultants had recommended against it.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-36)\n\n### Facade\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Facade\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/57\/Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg\/250px-Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg)\n\nThe facade seen from 61st Street\n\nThomas Stanley had intended the Gulf and Western Building to \"provide a nice transition from Central Park\", though the design was widely criticized upon the building's completion.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) The Gulf and Western Building's [facade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Facade \"Facade\") originally had steel columns, which were clad in marble from the plaza to the fourth story. Black granite was used in the [spandrels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spandrel \"Spandrel\") above the second-story and third-story windows, while a marble [belt course](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belt_course \"Belt course\") ran above the fourth floor.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7) The marble was meant to complement the [New York Coliseum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Coliseum \"New York Coliseum\") (later demolished for the Deutsche Bank Center) and 2 Columbus Circle.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) On the fifth story and above, the facade was composed of prefabricated gray-glass windows with aluminum frames, as well as extruded vertical aluminum [mullions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mullion \"Mullion\") that were painted white.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7) A red sign reading \"G\\&W\" was originally mounted atop the building.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) The facade panels had become misaligned by the early 1990s,[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._775-38) which necessitated the [caulking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caulk \"Caulk\") of loose facade panels, as well as the installation of mullions and large pins to secure the panels.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930919-39)\n\nWhen the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, the facade was re-clad in dark glass and steel.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19980420-40) Trump had requested that glass be used, despite the fact that some of Johnson's more contemporary projects like [550 Madison Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/550_Madison_Avenue \"550 Madison Avenue\") used stone.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24) Johnson had initially intended to model the new design on the [Seagram Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seagram_Building \"Seagram Building\"), which he had helped design in the 1950s.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_pp._775-777-41) As such, the windows between the columns were originally designed as flat windows, before Johnson considered designing the openings with projecting two-sided windows instead. The final design was similar to Johnson's [One PPG Place](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PPG_Place \"PPG Place\") in Pittsburgh.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The redesigned facade has non-reflective, slightly projecting three-sided windows.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)\n\nThe facade's steel is painted a gold color, a hue Trump used in several of his other projects.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19980420-40) Johnson attributed the gold color to Trump's preference.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) Trump had originally wanted the facade to be bright gold, but he decided to use a matte finish instead after hiring a feng shui consultant, who told him to change it to reflect the clouds in the sky.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Jacobs_1997-01-27-34)[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-43) Johnson had suggested removing the glass [spandrels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spandrel \"Spandrel\") between floors to reduce costs, but Trump declined, saying the spandrels \"sparkle like a diamond\".[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)\n\n### Structural features\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Structural features\")\\]\n\nThe Gulf and Western Building was erected with a mechanical core at its center.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) The outer stories were reinforced with steel columns at intervals of 26 ft (7.9 m). When the skyscraper was constructed, it would sway slightly during strong winds.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) According to structural engineer [Ysrael Seinuk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ysrael_Seinuk \"Ysrael Seinuk\"), the building would sway as much as 2.5 ft (0.76 m) laterally because of the lack of other tall buildings nearby to absorb the wind loads.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_pp._775-777-41) Additionally, winds from the north would travel more quickly down Broadway than along Central Park West, due to the presence of a collection of tall apartment structures on Central Park West. This effectively turned the Gulf and Western Building into an [airfoil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airfoil \"Airfoil\"), which would twist in high winds.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)\n\nAs early as 1982, structural cracks prompted the building's owner to install a wind brace from ground level to the roof, measuring 44 by 15 ft (13.4 by 4.6 m).[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, Seinuk added two concrete-and-steel [shear walls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shear_wall \"Shear wall\") in a cruciform arrangement.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_pp._775-777-41) Under the original renovation plans, diagonal steel trusses would have been installed in the mechanical core from the 1st to the 14th floors. The 15th and 16th stories, which were converted to mechanical stories, would have had double-height outrigger trusses connecting the core and perimeter, as well as a belt truss with inverted \"V\"s at the perimeter. On the upper stories, the number of columns in the periphery would have been doubled, reducing the space between columns to 13 ft (4.0 m).[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18) This plan had been abandoned by 1995 in favor of a concrete wall through the building's center, rising to the 33rd floors.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-46)\n\n### Interior\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Interior\")\\]\n\nThe building has a total area of 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m2).[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24) The original layout of the building had 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of usable space with about 13,000 sq ft (1,200 m2) on each floor.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118225821-27) When the building was converted into a hotel and residences, the top story was renumbered as floor 52; it was marketed this way since the ceilings in buildings designed for office use, such as the Gulf and Western Building, are typically higher than ceilings in residential buildings.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20161102-47) The floor numbering of the upper stories is offset by seven, so an apartment on floor 27 is actually on the 20th story. When residents buy a condominium, they sign a document that tells them about the floor-numbering discrepancy.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20030508-20) According to Trump, the building was equivalent to a standard 60-story apartment structure,[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) leading *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")* to write: \"Seen this way, measuring the converted tower at 52 floors was an act of altitudinal restraint.\"[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20161102-47)\n\n#### Original offices\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Original offices\")\\]\n\nShops and restaurants were planned on two basement levels below the plaza that surrounded the Gulf and Western Building.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7) The Paramount Theater was in the basement underneath the northern end of the building.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29)[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:2-48) It had either 532[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30) or 535 seats.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:2-48) When the theater opened in 1970 with its aboveground ticket booth, *Architectural Forum* said: \"This theater is one of the handsomest non-buildings of recent years. We could use more of them.\"[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28) The Paramount Theater subsequently became the Loews Columbus Circle, which was closed in the mid-1990s.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)\n\nThe office stories had ceiling heights of 12 ft (3.7 m), which were retained in the renovation.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The Gulf and Western Building originally used [asbestos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asbestos \"Asbestos\") as insulation, a common material used in contemporary structures at the time.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._775-38) After the building's completion, asbestos in New York City buildings was outlawed and the city passed a law that required building renovations to include asbestos removal.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-49)\n\nThe top floor contained a restaurant called Top of the Park.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1972-04-50)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51) The restaurant had wallpaper and frosted-glass partitions with animal and plant decorations, decorated by [Ellen Lehman McCluskey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ellen_Lehman_McCluskey&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Ellen Lehman McCluskey (page does not exist)\") as an allusion to animals and plants in Central Park and the [Central Park Zoo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park_Zoo \"Central Park Zoo\").[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30)[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1972-04-50) The space also had red walls and mirrors as decorations, which architectural critic [Paul Goldberger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Goldberger \"Paul Goldberger\") described in 1976 as \"perhaps the most conspicuous missed chance of recent years in terms of restaurant design\".[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-52) In 1988, Top of the Park was converted to a banquet space with a 200-person main dining room, as well as four smaller rooms fitting between 10 and 75 people.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51)\n\n#### Current hotel and condominiums\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Current hotel and condominiums\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/63\/Trump_ihny2.JPG\/250px-Trump_ihny2.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trump_ihny2.JPG)\n\nSeen from ground level\n\nFrench chef [Jean-Georges Vongerichten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Georges_Vongerichten \"Jean-Georges Vongerichten\") was hired to operate [Jean-Georges](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Georges \"Jean-Georges\"), a ground-story restaurant at the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:4-53)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1997-10-54) Jean-Georges, a [Michelin-starred](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michelin_Guide \"Michelin Guide\") restaurant,[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-55)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-56) serves [New French cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nouvelle_cuisine \"Nouvelle cuisine\").[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-57) The Jean-Georges restaurant space was designed by [Adam Tihany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Tihany \"Adam Tihany\"), who arranged the space with both a cafe and a main dining room.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-ID_1997-10-54) Adjacent to it is Nougatine, a bar also operated by Vongerichten.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:6-58) Also within the hotel is a fitness center,[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p205998867-59) a 6,000 sq ft (560 m2) spa,[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2011-60) as well as a business center and a 15-seat boardroom.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p205998867-59) The fitness center has an indoor pool measuring 55 ft (17 m) long.[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-61)\n\nThe lower portion of the tower, below the 17th story, is used for hotel rooms.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p205998867-59) There are 168 hotel units[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p205998867-59)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62)[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-horsley-63)[\\[b\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-64) owned by GE and Galbreath.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-horsley-63) The units include suites as well as one-bedroom and two-bedroom units. Each unit has a kitchen and large closets; originally, the rooms were all equipped with electronics like a [VCR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Videocassette_recorder \"Videocassette recorder\"), [CD player](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CD_player \"CD player\"), [fax machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fax \"Fax\"), and TV. Forty of the suites have two bedrooms; each of these has an entry foyer with a toilet, as well as two bathrooms and a living room.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62) In addition, each hotel guest is allowed to use the \"Trump Attaché\" concierge service.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-65) A *New York Times* critic described the original decor as \"not exactly homey\" but \"highly effective\" for a one-night stay.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-66) After a renovation in 2010, each room was upgraded with an HDTV.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2011-60)\n\nThere are 156 condominium residences[\\[c\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-67) on the upper 27 stories.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-horsley-63) Costas Kondylis designed the layout of the residences.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24) When the renovation had been completed in 1996, there had been 166 condominiums, each of which had 10 ft-tall (3.0 m) ceilings and 9 ft-tall (2.7 m) windows. The living spaces cover up 5,500 sq ft (510 m2) each.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) The condominium units vary in size and arrangement. For instance, one studio apartment has an open kitchen, as well as a long entrance gallery and large closet, while one of the one-bedroom units contains an enclosed kitchen. Some of the two- and three-bedroom units include a living\/dining area, kitchen, and entrance gallery, while others include an entrance foyer, a living room–library, a dining alcove, and a kitchen.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-horsley-63) Seven of the units are larger than the others and are classified as \"A-line\" units;[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Cary2024-68) one of these, a four-bedroom unit on floor 48, has a separate foyer, living room, dining room, and library.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-horsley-63) Trump's penthouse, on floor 52 (the 44th story), had five bedrooms with marble-clad hallways and bathrooms.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p418535132-69)\n\nTrump was highly involved in selecting materials for the interior, choosing different woods for each of the three lobbies and picking the marble in the master bathrooms.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) He also picked finishes for the units' kitchens and bathrooms, spending \\$10,000 to \\$25,000 more per unit than he had at his earlier [Trump Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower \"Trump Tower\").[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-70)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\nColumbus Circle was redeveloped in the late 1950s and the 1960s.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._722-71) The renewal of Columbus Circle had been spurred by the development of the New York Coliseum in 1956. The developments had included the construction of 2 Columbus Circle; renovation of storefronts at 240 Central Park South; and new buildings on Broadway between [59th](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/59th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"59th Street (Manhattan)\") and 68th Streets, just north of Columbus Circle.[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p116730078-72)\n\n### Gulf and Western Building\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Gulf and Western Building\")\\]\n\n#### Planning and construction\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Planning and construction\")\\]\n\nIn March 1965, developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro of the company Forteyn announced their intention to develop a building at 1 Central Park West,[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73) the last undeveloped site directly adjacent to Columbus Circle.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._722-71)[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p116730078-72) [Harold M. Liebman Associates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Harold_M._Liebman_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Harold M. Liebman Associates (page does not exist)\") had designed a 45-story structure for the site, along with a raised plaza.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._722-71)[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p116730078-72)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1965-05-74) The building would have contained 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2), with 10,500 sq ft (980 m2) on each floor, supported by the original foundations of the low-rise structure there.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73) There would have been a glass-and-aluminum facade with a marble mechanical shaft facing west.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._722-71)[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1965-05-74) The Coca-Cola sign of the old building was dismantled starting in August 1965.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19650821-15) The Shapiros also relocated four existing tenants of 1 Central Park West into a nearby building they owned.[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-75)\n\nDemolition of the site was completed in early 1966.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10) That June, Forteyn announced that it had revised plans for the 45-story building. Rather than being an angular structure used for offices, the new plan would have offices only on its first nine stories and restaurant on the tenth story, with the address 15 Columbus Circle. The remaining stories would be cylindrical, with residences inside, and would carry the address 1 Central Park West.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10)[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-76) Architectural critic [Ada Louise Huxtable](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ada_Louise_Huxtable \"Ada Louise Huxtable\") regarded the plans as \"ludicrous\", regarding it as a cross between bow-shaped structures like the [Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phoenix_Life_Insurance_Company_Building \"Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building\") in [Hartford, Connecticut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hartford,_Connecticut \"Hartford, Connecticut\"), and circular towers such as [Marina City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marina_City \"Marina City\") in [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago \"Chicago\").[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19660619-77) According to Huxtable, \"The reasoning here seems to be that ... New York can go two cities one better by building both, one on top of the other\".[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19660619-77)[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30)\n\nForteyn was unable to proceed with construction because it could not get financing for the project.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30) The site was subsequently sold to the [Investors Funding Corporation of New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Investors_Funding_Corporation_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Investors Funding Corporation of New York (page does not exist)\"), which in turn leased it to the [Realty Equities Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Realty_Equities_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Realty Equities Corporation (page does not exist)\").[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30)[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p133157692-78) In October 1967, [Gulf and Western Industries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_and_Western_Industries \"Gulf and Western Industries\") officially announced it would develop the building at a cost of \\$20 million.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12)[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p133157692-78) Gulf and Western planned to take the top portion of the new building; it also planned to expand into the lower stories in the future.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12)[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30) Realty Equities was to construct the building.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p133157692-78) A groundbreaking ceremony took place in March 1968.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p133360606-79) At that time, Gulf and Western increased its space requirements in the new building from 13 to 22 stories.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-80) Construction was almost completed by late 1969, but the elevators had not been installed. The elevator-installation workers went on strike in June 1969 and continued their strike for at least four months. As a result, other workers were forced to walk up to their respective floors, leading the city to halt work because workers would not be able to evacuate quickly in an emergency.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p133360606-79)\n\n#### Office use\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Office use\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/02\/Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_%28870236010%29.jpg\/250px-Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_%28870236010%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_\$870236010\$.jpg)\n\nFacade view of the Trump International Hotel and Tower\n\nThe building was completed in 1970,[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-81) with the Paramount Theater opening in the basement that June.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:2-48) Cross & Brown were the leasing agents;[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-82) the tower's first lessees included accounting firm Seidman and Seidman.[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-83) During the early 1970s, an awning flew off during a high wind,[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-84) and a man shot out windows in the Top of the Park restaurant, though no one was killed or seriously injured in either case.[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-85)[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-86) A rooftop antenna was installed at the Gulf and Western Building in 1975 to test the [Westar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Westar \"Westar\") satellite system for [satellite television](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satellite_television \"Satellite television\").[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-87) The tower was also damaged in a February 1977 bombing committed by the Puerto Rican nationalist group [Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Puertorrique%C3%B1a \"Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña\") (FALN), but no one was killed or injured.[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-88)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-89) The Gulf and Western Building was owned by billionaire businessman [John D. MacArthur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_D._MacArthur \"John D. MacArthur\") at the time of his death in 1978.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-90)\n\nIn 1980, the skyscraper's management was transferred from Louis Feil to [Cushman & Wakefield](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cushman_%26_Wakefield \"Cushman & Wakefield\").[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-91) At the time, the tower was owned by [Bankers Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bankers_Life \"Bankers Life\"), which in turn was operated by the [MacArthur Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MacArthur_Foundation \"MacArthur Foundation\").[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-92) By 1982, the Gulf and Western Building swayed so much in the wind that its core walls and stairwells had developed cracks and workers had complained of nausea.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45)[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p397877077-93) The swaying also disrupted elevator service.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p398422622-94) Some marble in the lower stories had cracked and was covered in plywood.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p397877077-93) This prompted Bankers Life to add a brace between the street and roof at a cost of more than \\$10 million.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) The MacArthur Foundation sold Bankers Life and its holdings in 1983 to Boston-based firm [First Winthrop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=First_Winthrop&action=edit&redlink=1 \"First Winthrop (page does not exist)\").[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-95) The following year, the MacArthur Foundation sold the Gulf and Western Building and 17 other properties to First Winthrop as part of a transaction worth over \\$400 million.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-96)[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-97)[\\[d\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-99) First Winthrop also received a \\$330 million mortgage from the [General Electric](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Electric \"General Electric\") (GE) Pension Trust and sold a \\$336 million ownership stake.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p294403138-98)\n\nFirst Winthrop and GE tried to refinance the tower in the late 1980s. However, because the building had included asbestos in its construction, a large insurer would not give a loan, as the presence of asbestos was too risky for the insurer. The refinancing was canceled for an unrelated reason.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-100) [Restaurant Associates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restaurant_Associates \"Restaurant Associates\") announced in 1988 that it would convert the Top of the Park restaurant into a private banquet facility designed by [Adam Tihany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adam_Tihany \"Adam Tihany\").[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51)[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-101) The same year, the Gulf and Western Building's basement was flooded in a water main break.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-102)[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-103) The building was renamed 15 Columbus Circle in January 1989 when Gulf and Western was renamed [Paramount Communications](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount_Communications \"Paramount Communications\").[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-104)[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-105) By the early 1990s, Paramount occupied 85 percent of the space, taking floors 2–5 and 13–44, while [BDO Seidman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BDO_Seidman \"BDO Seidman\") occupied another 12 percent.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)\n\n15 Columbus Circle continued to face both legal and structural issues. In late 1990, a structural engineer published a report about the facade on behalf of the building's owners. The engineer's report said that the badly misaligned facade panels could blow off during high winds and that several exterior columns had cracked. While a sidewalk scaffold had been erected around the building, the report said the panels could fall outside the area covered by the scaffold. The report recommended that \"immediate remedial measures\" be implemented, but no such measures were taken for over two years.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) In 1991, GE moved to foreclose on a mortgage on 15 Columbus Circle, and the building's legal owner filed for bankruptcy protection.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-106) Paramount was scheduled to relocate when its lease expired in April 1995, leaving the space 85 percent vacant. The cost of repairing the windows, removing asbestos, and fixing the structural issues made the building particularly difficult to market; by 1993, no one had made an offer for the structure.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)\n\n### Trump International Hotel and Tower\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Trump International Hotel and Tower\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/aa\/2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg\/250px-2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg)\n\nView from 61st Street\n\nGE took title to the building in early 1993, choosing that option over foreclosing on First Winthrop's loan. That year, GE conducted a \\$2 million renovation to stabilize the facade.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930919-39) Concurrently, GE had hired real estate firm Galbreath Company to conduct a feasibility study for the building's future use. Galbreath recommended that 15 Columbus Circle be converted into a mixed-use property with both residential condominiums and offices.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84538085-107)\n\n#### Renovation\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: Renovation\")\\]\n\nIn March 1994, GE hired businessman and developer [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\"), as well as Galbreath, to renovate the tower with residential units on the upper stories.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p398422622-94)[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84538085-107) The lower stories would be converted into either a hotel or offices. According to Galbreath's CEO Peter Ricker, Trump was hired because \"he has been successful with high-rise condos like no one else has\".[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) The building's address would also be changed from 15 Columbus Circle to 1 Central Park West, a more upscale address.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-108) Trump considered [Philip Johnson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Johnson \"Philip Johnson\"), [Frank Gehry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_Gehry \"Frank Gehry\"), and [Robert A. M. Stern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_A._M._Stern \"Robert A. M. Stern\") as possible architects for the conversion.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._775-38) Johnson was hired as the conversion architect in May 1994.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19)[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-109)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-110)\n\nRicker said the building would have to be deconstructed so its steel frame could be repaired.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p398422622-94) Trump planned to have [trusses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truss \"Truss\") and columns installed throughout the building to make the tower rigid and stable.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) Renovation was chosen over demolition because 1 Central Park West already exceeded the maximum size of a residential building that could be built on the site, so a new building would have been ten to twelve stories shorter.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) To avoid having to demolish existing stories under zoning law, Trump split the building into permanent residential and short-term hotel components.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) Office spaces were not included because, according to Galbreath's executive managing director, \"the rents were not high enough to support new office construction or rehabilitation\".[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-111) The renovation was to take two years and cost \\$230 million, with the building being rebranded as the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) For the renovation, the joint venture received a \\$15.9 million tax abatement.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-112)\n\nThe work could not begin until Paramount moved out.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) BDO Seidman moved out during July 1994, freeing up most of the space not occupied by Paramount.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-113) Just before the beginning of the renovation, Trump replaced the scaffolding that had surrounded 15 Columbus Circle for several years.[\\[110\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-114) The renovations began in June 1995, after Paramount moved out.[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950621-115) [Barbara Corcoran](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbara_Corcoran \"Barbara Corcoran\") and [Louise Sunshine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louise_Sunshine \"Louise Sunshine\") were hired as the sales and marketing directors. Corcoran predicted that many of the units would be purchased by Asian investors.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) By late 1995, foreign nationals made up half of the buyers for the condominium section.[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-116) In February 1996, [Jean-Georges Vongerichten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Georges_Vongerichten \"Jean-Georges Vongerichten\") and [Bob Giraldi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bob_Giraldi \"Bob Giraldi\") signed a lease for the ground-floor restaurant space at the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:4-53)[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-117)\n\n#### Opening and early years\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Opening and early years\")\\]\n\nThe residential units of Trump International Tower opened in April 1996, at which point sales commenced on the hotel units. Marketing brochures advertised the tower as having \"the most important new address in the world\".[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) At the time, more than half of the residences had already been sold.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84564137-118) This was in part due to what one real-estate agent described as the popularity of Trump's name among international buyers.[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-119) Trump and his family decided to occupy the penthouse unit of 1 Central Park West.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-120) Trump operated a sales office for the tower on Central Park South, with a replica of the tower as well as an eight-minute promotional film.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) While ownership costs for the condos were initially projected to be \\$300\/sq ft (\\$3,200\/m2), by 1997 many of the apartments had sold for \\$800\/sq ft (\\$8,600\/m2).[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-121) After divorcing his wife [Marla Maples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marla_Maples \"Marla Maples\"), Trump rented out the penthouse in 1998,[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p418535132-69)[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122) and Italian producer [Vittorio Cecchi Gori](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vittorio_Cecchi_Gori \"Vittorio Cecchi Gori\") then purchased the unit.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122)\n\nThe Trump International Hotel was not yet open by December 1996, when Trump hosted a party for his New York City employees in the unfinished space.[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-123) The hotel started accepting guests the following month.[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-124)[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) According to [*New York*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_\$magazine\$ \"New York (magazine)\") magazine, only one guest checked in on the first day of the hotel's operation.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) In response, a Trump spokesperson claimed management tried to dissuade too many guests from booking rooms there.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) Trump called the *New York* story \"totally incorrect\", saying the hotel \"has the best location in New York City in the hottest hotel market ever\".[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-126) Though the Trump International Hotel was the first hotel to open around Columbus Circle in several decades, its completion spurred the construction of other nearby hotels like the [Mandarin Oriental, New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mandarin_Oriental,_New_York \"Mandarin Oriental, New York\"), in the then-under-construction Time Warner Center.[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-127) The tower's conversion, as a whole, also influenced the development of other projects around Columbus Circle[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-128) and in the western portion of [Midtown Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Midtown_Manhattan \"Midtown Manhattan\").[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-129)\n\n#### 21st century\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: 21st century\")\\]\n\nWhile Trump did not own the building, he received a large payment from GE Pension Trust for its development, as well as a portion of profits from the sale of the condos.[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-130) Despite his name being on the building, he only operated the restaurant, stores, and rooftop.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-131) By 2005, the Trump International Hotel and Tower had the city's most expensive rental apartment, a four-bedroom unit offered at \\$55,000 per month.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-132) Among the units sold at the tower was an apartment that, in 2007, was sold for \\$18 million and resold on the same day for \\$21 million.[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-133) In mid-2009, the tower's penthouse was sold at auction for \\$18 million as part of a foreclosure proceeding against Cecchi Gori; at the time, it was the largest foreclosure auction in Manhattan.[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122) A Russian family bought the penthouse but reneged after learning of the cost to renovate the apartment, and it was ultimately sold in late 2010 for \\$31 million.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-134)\n\nThe [Trump family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_family \"Trump family\") announced in November 2009 that it would renovate the 167 hotel rooms over the following year.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-135)[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2009-136) The work was to be conducted in two phases: half of units would be renovated from January to April while the other half would be renovated from June to September.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2009-136) The renovation was completed in September 2010 at a cost of \\$30 million.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-137) The Jean-Georges restaurant was renovated the same year to designs by [Thomas Juul-Hansen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Thomas_Juul-Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Thomas Juul-Hansen (page does not exist)\").[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-138) Following that, Juul-Hansen designed a renovation for Nougatine in 2012.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-:6-58)[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-139) After the [2016 United States presidential election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_United_States_presidential_election \"2016 United States presidential election\"), in which Trump was first elected U.S. president, the hotel became the site of occasional [protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protests_against_Donald_Trump \"Protests against Donald Trump\") against [his administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump \"First presidency of Donald Trump\").[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-140)[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-141) By the late 2010s, residential units at the Trump International Tower were selling for over \\$3,000\/sq ft (\\$32,000\/m2), less than units in newer skyscrapers on nearby [Billionaires' Row](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Billionaires%27_Row \"Billionaires' Row\") such as [432 Park Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/432_Park_Avenue \"432 Park Avenue\") and [One57](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One57 \"One57\").[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-142)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/63\/Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg\/250px-Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg)\n\nView from Columbus Circle\n\nIn June 2019, several condo owners demanded that the property be known simply by its address because the Trump name was diminishing the value of the building.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20190825-26) By that August, Trump International's condominium board was considering rebranding the residential section as \"One Central Park West\" as part of a larger-scale renovation of the building. The hotel section would still carry the Trump name; according to *The New York Times*, the Trump family considered the hotel's name \"untouchable\" since the Trump International Hotel in New York City had been the earliest such hotel in the Trump International chain.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt-2019-08-25-143)[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-144) While the condo board ultimately voted to keep the \"Trump International\" name for the residences, they also agreed to renovate the marquee on the Central Park West side of the building.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt-2019-08-25-143)[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Cohen2019-145) As a compromise proposed by Trump's son [Donald Trump Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump_Jr. \"Donald Trump Jr.\"), the sign on the marquee was changed to display Trump's name on the left and the building's address on the right.[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Chan_2022-146) An analysis, publicized in February 2024, found that the average per-square-foot cost of a condominium at the Trump International Hotel and Tower had declined since 2016, although Trump's son [Eric Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Trump \"Eric Trump\") disputed the findings.[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Callimachi_2024_b498-147)[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Rissman_2024_v265-148)\n\n## Critical reception\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: Critical reception\")\\]\n\nWhen the Gulf and Western Building was completed, its design was much criticized. [Mervyn Rothstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Mervyn_Rothstein&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Mervyn Rothstein (page does not exist)\"), in *The New York Times*, wrote that many critics regarded the tower as \"too tall, the wrong shape for its site and completely out of context\".[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) In 1977, architectural writer [Paul Goldberger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Goldberger \"Paul Goldberger\") regarded all the buildings around Columbus Circle as having \"no good architecture\", writing of the Gulf and Western Building's \"boredom\" along with the Coliseum's \"oppressiveness\" and 2 Columbus Circle's \"silliness\".[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-149) Robert A. M. Stern said the Gulf and Western Building \"was at once a behemoth and a banality, and its contribution to the skyline was notable only as a memorial to lost opportunity\".[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$1995\$_p._723-30) In a 1987 *New York* magazine poll of \"more than 100 prominent New Yorkers\", the Gulf and Western Building was one of the ten most disliked structures in New York City.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-150) [Herbert Muschamp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Muschamp \"Herbert Muschamp\") wrote that the original design \"neither holds the circle's perimeter edge nor respects the lower scale of the Central Park West buildings beyond\".[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-151)\n\nWhen the hotel and residential conversion was announced, a writer for *Architecture* magazine said the gilded design \"overpowers the circle\" and the [statue of Christopher Columbus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Monument_\$New_York_City\$ \"Columbus Monument (New York City)\") at its center.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-152) Writing for *The New York Times* in 1995, Muschamp said the design was an \"undeniable improvement over the dull dark box that has loomed over this privileged location for the last 25 years\", but he found issue with what he called \"the symbolic stridency with which its golden skin proclaims the triumph of private enterprise in such a publicly conspicuous place\".[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950621-115) After writing that article, Muschamp said he got angry comments imploring him to \"do something\" about the design.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19951119-17) Trump, who saw Muschamp's review as negative, occasionally called the critic to ask him to review the hotel again following its opening.[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-153) Trump even met Muschamp at the [Museum of Modern Art](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museum_of_Modern_Art \"Museum of Modern Art\") to discuss the review.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-154)\n\nUpon the renovation's completion, the *New York Daily News* said that, even with the redesign by Johnson, it had received only \"mixed\" reception.[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-n84564137-118) Martin Filler, writing for *[The New Republic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_Republic \"The New Republic\")* in 2000, said the design went \"from bad to worse\", saying: \"This meretricious face-lift was more in keeping with Trump's high-roller aesthetic than with the demands of decorum in high-profile public settings.\"[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-155)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_buildings_and_structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan \"List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan\")\n- [List of hotels in New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_hotels_in_New_York_City \"List of hotels in New York City\")\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n### Notes\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: Notes\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-21)** Sometimes cited as a 45-story building[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt20030508-20)\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-64)** The hotel was originally planned with 167 units.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42)\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-67)** The condominiums were originally planned with 166 units.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-Stern_\$2006\$_p._777-24)[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42)\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-99)** *The Boston Globe* reported the sale at \\$430 million.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_note-p294403138-98)\n\n### Citations\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: Citations\")\\]\n\n1. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-aia4_1-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-aia4_1-1)\n   [White, Norval](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norval_White \"Norval White\") & Willensky, Elliot (2000). *[AIA Guide to New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City \"AIA Guide to New York City\")* (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 316. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-8129-3107-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8129-3107-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8129-3107-5\")\n   \n   .\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-2)\n   [\"1 Central Park West, 10023\"](https:\/\/zola.planning.nyc.gov\/l\/lot\/1\/1113\/7502). [New York City Department of City Planning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning \"New York City Department of City Planning\"). Retrieved September 8, 2020.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"MTA Neighborhood Maps: 59 St-Columbus Cir (1)\"](https:\/\/new.mta.info\/document\/2011). *[mta.info](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority \"Metropolitan Transportation Authority\")*. [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority \"Metropolitan Transportation Authority\"). 2018. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201029050619\/https:\/\/new.mta.info\/document\/2011) from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2018.\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-7) [***i***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-8)\n   Rothstein, Mervyn (January 31, 1993). [\"Commercial Property: The Gulf and Western Building; Twisting in the Wind On Columbus Circle\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1993\/01\/31\/realestate\/commercial-property-gulf-ands-western-building-twisting-wind-columbus-circle.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171014083849\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1993\/01\/31\/realestate\/commercial-property-gulf-ands-western-building-twisting-wind-columbus-circle.html) from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017.\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-n84563211_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-n84563211_5-1)\n   [\"The Circle of Life\"](https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/clip\/84563211\/the-circle-of-life\/). *New York Daily News*. September 6, 1998. p. 1481. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210904021730\/https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/clip\/84563211\/the-circle-of-life\/) from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Hearst Buys Block in Columbus Circle; Site of Old Durland Riding Academy Taken for a Building for His Newspapers\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1911\/06\/29\/archives\/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html). *The New York Times*. June 29, 1911. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175241\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1911\/06\/29\/archives\/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2020.\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-7)\n   \"News of Realty: Tower Going Up: Work Starts On \\$20-million Building at Columbus Circle\". *The New York Times*. March 26, 1968. p. 72. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331).\n   \n   [ProQuest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProQuest \"ProQuest\") [118195059](https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/118195059).\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"W. R. Hearst's Columbus Circle Building\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1914\/10\/04\/archives\/w-r-hearsts-columbus-circle-building.html). *The New York Times*. October 4, 1914. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175247\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1914\/10\/04\/archives\/w-r-hearsts-columbus-circle-building.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2020.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"Renewed Activity at Columbus Circle\"](https:\/\/rerecord.library.columbia.edu\/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_054&page=ldpd_7031148_054_00000301&no=1). *The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide*. Vol. 94, no. 2423. August 22, 1914. pp. 202–204\\. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175437\/https:\/\/rerecord.library.columbia.edu\/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_054&page=ldpd_7031148_054_00000301&no=1) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021 – via [columbia.edu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\").\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-2)\n    Fowler, Glenn (June 5, 1966). [\"A Circular Tower To Rise in Triangle At Columbus Circle; A Circular Tower Is Planned in City\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1966\/06\/05\/archives\/a-circular-tower-to-rise-in-triangle-at-columbus-circle-a-circular.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831182841\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1966\/06\/05\/archives\/a-circular-tower-to-rise-in-triangle-at-columbus-circle-a-circular.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.\n11. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_11-1)\n    [\"Hearst Magazine Building\"](http:\/\/s-media.nyc.gov\/agencies\/lpc\/lp\/1625.pdf) (PDF). [New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission \"New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission\"). February 16, 1988. pp. 3–4\\. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175243\/http:\/\/s-media.nyc.gov\/agencies\/lpc\/lp\/1625.pdf) (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2020.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-4)\n    Fried, Joseph P. (October 27, 1967). [\"Columbus Circle to Get 44-Story Building; Gulf & Western Will Consolidate Offices on Triangle Site\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1967\/10\/27\/archives\/columbus-circle-to-get-44story-building-gulf-western-will.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175243\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1967\/10\/27\/archives\/columbus-circle-to-get-44story-building-gulf-western-will.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-13)**\n    Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). [*New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/newyork1930archi0000ster). New York: Rizzoli. p. 619. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-8478-3096-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8478-3096-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8478-3096-1\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [13860977](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/13860977).\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-14)**\n    Swanberg, William Andrew (1961). [*Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ). Bantam books. Scribner. pp. 484–485\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780684171470](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780684171470 \"Special:BookSources\/9780684171470\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831175241\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n    \n    `{{cite book}}`: ISBN \/ Date incompatibility ([help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date \"Help:CS1 errors\"))\n15. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19650821_15-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19650821_15-1)\n    Blumenthal, Ralph (August 21, 1965). [\"Columbus Circle Thermometer Is Dropping for the Last Time; Columbus Circle Thermometer Is Dropping for the Last Time\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1965\/08\/21\/archives\/columbus-circle-thermometer-is-dropping-for-the-last-time-columbus.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831182838\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1965\/08\/21\/archives\/columbus-circle-thermometer-is-dropping-for-the-last-time-columbus.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-16)**\n    Robbins, Tom (November 3, 1994). [\"Probers rip builder-mob tie\"](https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/clip\/83880364\/probers-rip-builder-mob-tie\/). *New York Daily News*. p. 754. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210821205923\/https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/clip\/83880364\/probers-rip-builder-mob-tie\/) from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.\n17. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19951119_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19951119_17-1)\n    Muschamp, Herbert (November 19, 1995). [\"Architecture View; Going for the Gold on Columbus Circle\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1995\/11\/19\/arts\/architecture-view-going-for-the-gold-on-columbus-circle.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210831191202\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1995\/11\/19\/arts\/architecture-view-going-for-the-gold-on-columbus-circle.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-AR_1994-09_18-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-AR_1994-09_18-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-AR_1994-09_18-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-AR_1994-09_18-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-AR_1994-09_18-4)\n    [\"Pouring a Troubled Tower Into a New Skin\"](https:\/\/usmodernist.org\/AR\/AR-1994-09-I.pdf) (PDF). *Architectural Record*. Vol. 182. September 1994. p. 17. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200719224004\/https:\/\/usmodernist.org\/AR\/AR-1994-09-I.pdf) (PDF) from the original on July 19, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n19. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19940508_19-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19940508_19-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt19940508_19-2)\n    Dunlap, David W. (May 8, 1994). [\"Neighborhood Report: West Side; the Seagram, Redux, on the Park?\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/05\/08\/nyregion\/neighborhood-report-west-side-the-seagram-redux-on-the-park.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210901183458\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/05\/08\/nyregion\/neighborhood-report-west-side-the-seagram-redux-on-the-park.html) from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.\n20. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt20030508_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt20030508_20-1)\n    Gardner, Ralph Jr. (May 8, 2003). [\"For Tower Residents, a New Math\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/05\/08\/garden\/for-tower-residents-a-new-math.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171021061214\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/05\/08\/garden\/for-tower-residents-a-new-math.html) from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved August 21, 2021.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-22)**\n    [\"Trump International Hotel & Tower\"](http:\/\/www.skyscrapercenter.com\/building\/wd\/2435). *[CTBUH Skyscraper Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat \"Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat\")*.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Trump International Hotel & Tower\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160126104155\/https:\/\/www.emporis.com\/buildings\/114301). *[Emporis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emporis \"Emporis\")*. 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[ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0099-9660](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0099-9660). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121029100632\/http:\/\/online.wsj.com\/article\/SB10000872396390444873204577536983958265676.html) from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n136. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-140)**\n     Santora, Marc (January 19, 2017). [\"Inauguration Protests Held at a Trump Tower and Elsewhere\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/19\/nyregion\/trump-tower-protest-inauguration.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190408002717\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/19\/nyregion\/trump-tower-protest-inauguration.html) from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.\n137. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-141)**\n     [\"Border declaration protesters arrested at NYC Trump hotel\"](https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/8532cc3d6755497ca004dd2e94d79876). *Associated Press*. February 16, 2019. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190408002443\/https:\/\/apnews.com\/8532cc3d6755497ca004dd2e94d79876) from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 9, 2019.\n138. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-142)**\n     Bagli, Charles V. (March 12, 2018). [\"Trump's Towers Pale Next to Ultraluxury Buildings, Studies Show\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/03\/12\/nyregion\/trump-condo-prices-average-lower.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210902202321\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/03\/12\/nyregion\/trump-condo-prices-average-lower.html) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n139. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt-2019-08-25_143-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-nyt-2019-08-25_143-1)\n     Protess, Ben; Eder, Steve (August 25, 2019). [\"Trump's Signature New York Hotel and the Art of the Compromise\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/08\/25\/us\/trump-international-hotel-nyc.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200606120915\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/08\/25\/us\/trump-international-hotel-nyc.html) from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n140. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-144)**\n     Alexa, Alexandra (August 26, 2019). [\"Trump Organization considers rebranding the Trump International Hotel and Tower\"](https:\/\/www.6sqft.com\/trump-organization-considers-rebranding-the-trump-international-hotel-and-tower\/). *6sqft*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210902170408\/https:\/\/www.6sqft.com\/trump-organization-considers-rebranding-the-trump-international-hotel-and-tower\/) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n141. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-Cohen2019_145-0)**\n     Cohen, Michelle (August 26, 2019). [\"Condo board at Trump's Central Park West building votes to keep president's name on signage\"](https:\/\/www.6sqft.com\/condo-board-at-trumps-central-park-west-building-votes-to-keep-presidents-name-on-signage\/). *6sqft*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210902170347\/https:\/\/www.6sqft.com\/condo-board-at-trumps-central-park-west-building-votes-to-keep-presidents-name-on-signage\/) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n142. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-Chan_2022_146-0)**\n     Chan, Wilfred (October 5, 2022). [\"What Real Estate Does Trump Own in NYC Anyway?\"](https:\/\/www.curbed.com\/2022\/10\/trump-lawsuit-real-estate-nyc-letitia-james.html). *Curbed*. Retrieved February 22, 2023.\n143. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-Callimachi_2024_b498_147-0)**\n     Callimachi, Rukmini (February 18, 2024). [\"In New York, the Trump Brand Is Costing Some Condo Owners\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/18\/realestate\/trump-condos-prices-nyc.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved February 19, 2024.\n144. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-Rissman_2024_v265_148-0)**\n     Rissman, Kelly (February 18, 2024). [\"Trump-branded condos sell for less than properties that remove his name, says report\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-politics\/trump-brand-condos-properties-b2498272.html). *The Independent*. Retrieved February 19, 2024.\n145. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-149)**\n     Goldberger, Paul (December 9, 1977). [\"Metropolitan Baedeker\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1977\/12\/09\/archives\/central-park-south-is-for-strolling-a-sense-of-bustle-makes-it.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201030090803\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1977\/12\/09\/archives\/central-park-south-is-for-strolling-a-sense-of-bustle-makes-it.html) from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2021.\n146. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-150)**\n     Story, Richard David (June 15, 1987). [\"The Buildings New Yorkers Love to Hate\"](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ruMCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31). *New York Magazine*. pp. 30–35\\. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210901124005\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ruMCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31) from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n147. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-151)**\n     Muschamp, Herbert (March 27, 1994). [\"An Appraisal; Columbus Circle's Changing Face: More Than Geometry\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/03\/27\/nyregion\/an-appraisal-columbus-circle-s-changing-face-more-than-geometry.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210901183502\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1994\/03\/27\/nyregion\/an-appraisal-columbus-circle-s-changing-face-more-than-geometry.html) from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.\n148. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-152)**\n     Cramer, Ned (July 1996). [\"Urbanism Trumped on Columbus Circle\"](https:\/\/usmodernist.org\/AJ\/AJ-1996-07.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of the American Institute of Architects*. Vol. 85. p. 51. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210904021725\/https:\/\/usmodernist.org\/AJ\/AJ-1996-07.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n149. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-153)**\n     Muschamp, Herbert (November 5, 1997). [\"Critic's Notebook; A Midas of the Gold (Yes, I Do Mean Gold) Cudgel\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1997\/11\/05\/arts\/critic-s-notebook-a-midas-of-the-gold-yes-i-do-mean-gold-cudgel.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210902202324\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1997\/11\/05\/arts\/critic-s-notebook-a-midas-of-the-gold-yes-i-do-mean-gold-cudgel.html) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n150. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-154)**\n     Deb, Sopan (January 31, 2017). [\"Trump Scorns the Pop Culture World He Once Cultivated\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/31\/arts\/trump-scorns-the-pop-culture-world-he-once-cultivated.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210902214203\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/01\/31\/arts\/trump-scorns-the-pop-culture-world-he-once-cultivated.html) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.\n151. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$#cite_ref-155)**\n     Filler, Martin (September 4, 2000). \"Goodbye, Columbus\". *The New Republic*. Vol. 223, no. 9\/10. pp. 30–33\\.\n     \n     [ProQuest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ProQuest \"ProQuest\") [212807978](https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/docview\/212807978).\n\n### Sources\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=22 \"Edit section: Sources\")\\]\n\n- Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). [*New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/newyork2000archi0000ster). New York: Monacelli Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1-58093-177-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-58093-177-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-58093-177-9\")\n  \n  . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [70267065](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/70267065). [OL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OL_\$identifier\$ \"OL (identifier)\") [22741487M](https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL22741487M).\n- Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). [*New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/newyork1960archi0000ster). New York: Monacelli Press. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [1-885254-02-4](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1-885254-02-4 \"Special:BookSources\/1-885254-02-4\")\n  \n  . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [32159240](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/32159240). [OL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OL_\$identifier\$ \"OL (identifier)\") [1130718M](https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL1130718M).\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$&action=edit&section=23 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_York_City\$ \"commons:Category:Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)\") at Wikimedia Commons\n- [Official website](http:\/\/www.trumphotels.com\/central-park)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Upper_West_Side \"Template:Upper West Side\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Upper_West_Side \"Template talk:Upper West Side\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Upper_West_Side \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Upper West Side\")[Upper West Side](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Upper_West_Side \"Upper West Side\") (including [Lincoln Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan \"Lincoln Square, Manhattan\"), [Manhattan Valley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Valley \"Manhattan Valley\"), [Riverside South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_South,_Manhattan \"Riverside South, Manhattan\")) |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan \"Manhattan\"), [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") |   |\n| Buildings |   |\n|   |   |\n| 59th–72nd Sts | [1 Lincoln Plaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_Lincoln_Plaza \"1 Lincoln Plaza\") [1 Riverside Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Riverside_Park \"One Riverside Park\") [5 West 63rd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5_West_63rd_Street \"5 West 63rd Street\") [15 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/15_Central_Park_West \"15 Central Park West\") [27 West 67th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/27_West_67th_Street \"27 West 67th Street\") [50 West 66th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/50_West_66th_Street \"50 West 66th Street\") [55 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/55_Central_Park_West \"55 Central Park West\") [101 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/101_Central_Park_West \"101 Central Park West\") [200 Amsterdam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/200_Amsterdam \"200 Amsterdam\") [Bradford Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bradford_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"Bradford Hotel (New York City)\") [The Brentmore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Brentmore \"The Brentmore\") [The Century](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Century_\$apartment_building\$ \"The Century (apartment building)\") [Deutsche Bank Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Bank_Center \"Deutsche Bank Center\") [The Dorilton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dorilton \"The Dorilton\") [Empire Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Empire_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"The Empire Hotel (New York City)\") [First Battery Armory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Battery_Armory \"First Battery Armory\") [Harperly Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harperly_Hall \"Harperly Hall\") [IRT Powerhouse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IRT_Powerhouse \"IRT Powerhouse\") [Hotel des Artistes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_des_Artistes \"Hotel des Artistes\") [Lincoln Towers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Towers \"Lincoln Towers\") [The Majestic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Majestic_\$apartment_building\$ \"The Majestic (apartment building)\") [Millennium Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Millennium_Tower_\$New_York_City\$ \"Millennium Tower (New York City)\") [Park Loggia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Loggia \"Park Loggia\") [The Prasada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Prasada \"The Prasada\") [Pythian Temple](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pythian_Temple_\$New_York_City\$ \"Pythian Temple (New York City)\") [The Sofia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Sofia \"The Sofia\") [Trump International Hotel and Tower]() [Waterline Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waterline_Square \"Waterline Square\") |\n| 72nd–86th Sts | [257 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/257_Central_Park_West \"257 Central Park West\") [520 West End Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/520_West_End_Avenue \"520 West End Avenue\") [The Ansonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Ansonia \"The Ansonia\") [The Apthorp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Apthorp \"The Apthorp\") [Apple Bank Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Bank_Building \"Apple Bank Building\") [The Astor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Astor \"The Astor\") [Hotel Beacon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Beacon \"Hotel Beacon\") [Hotel Belleclaire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Belleclaire \"Hotel Belleclaire\") [The Beresford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Beresford \"The Beresford\") [Bretton Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bretton_Hall_\$Manhattan\$ \"Bretton Hall (Manhattan)\") [The Dakota](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dakota \"The Dakota\") [Endicott Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endicott_Hotel \"Endicott Hotel\") [The Greystone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Greystone \"The Greystone\") [The Kenilworth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Kenilworth \"The Kenilworth\") [The Langham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Langham_\$apartment_building\$ \"The Langham (apartment building)\") [The Level Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Level_Club \"The Level Club\") [Olcott Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olcott_Hotel \"Olcott Hotel\") [Public School 9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_School_9_\$historic_building\$ \"Public School 9 (historic building)\") [Red House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_House_\$Manhattan\$ \"Red House (Manhattan)\") [Rossleigh Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rossleigh_Court \"Rossleigh Court\") [The San Remo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_San_Remo \"The San Remo\") |\n| 86th–110th Sts | [161 West 93rd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/161_West_93rd_Street \"161 West 93rd Street\") [353 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/353_Central_Park_West \"353 Central Park West\") [360 Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/360_Central_Park_West \"360 Central Park West\") [370 Riverside Drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/370_Riverside_Drive \"370 Riverside Drive\") [601 West End Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/601_West_End_Avenue \"601 West End Avenue\") [The Ariel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Ariel \"The Ariel\") [Association Residence Nursing Home](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Association_Residence_Nursing_Home \"Association Residence Nursing Home\") [Astor Court Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astor_Court_Building \"Astor Court Building\") [The Belnord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Belnord \"The Belnord\") [Claremont Riding Academy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Claremont_Riding_Academy \"Claremont Riding Academy\") [Cleburne Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cleburne_Building \"Cleburne Building\") [Columbus Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Square_\$New_York_City\$ \"Columbus Square (New York City)\") [The Cornwall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Cornwall \"The Cornwall\") [The El Dorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_El_Dorado \"The El Dorado\") [Frederick Douglass Houses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_Douglass_Houses \"Frederick Douglass Houses\") [Hotel Marseilles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Marseilles \"Hotel Marseilles\") [Hotel Paris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Paris_\$New_York_City\$ \"Hotel Paris (New York City)\") [Isaac L. Rice Mansion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_L._Rice_Mansion \"Isaac L. Rice Mansion\") [The Manhasset](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Manhasset \"The Manhasset\") [Master Apartments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Master_Apartments \"Master Apartments\") [New York Cancer Hospital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Cancer_Hospital \"New York Cancer Hospital\") [The Normandy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Normandy \"The Normandy\") [Pomander Walk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pomander_Walk \"Pomander Walk\") [Schinasi Mansion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schinasi_Mansion \"Schinasi Mansion\") [The Turin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Turin \"The Turin\") |\n| Former | [Apthorp Farm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apthorp_Farm \"Apthorp Farm\") [Astor Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astor_Market \"Astor Market\") [Charles M. Schwab House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_M._Schwab_House \"Charles M. Schwab House\") [Lincoln Arcade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Arcade \"Lincoln Arcade\") [Somerindyck House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somerindyck_House \"Somerindyck House\") |\n| Culture |   |\n|   |   |\n| Shops, restaurants | [Asiate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asiate \"Asiate\") [Atlantic Grill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atlantic_Grill \"Atlantic Grill\") [Barney Greengrass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barney_Greengrass \"Barney Greengrass\") [Essential by Christophe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Essential_by_Christophe \"Essential by Christophe\") [Jean-Georges](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jean-Georges \"Jean-Georges\") [Lucciola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucciola_\$restaurant\$ \"Lucciola (restaurant)\") [Murray's Sturgeon Shop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop \"Murray's Sturgeon Shop\") [Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salumeria_Rosi_Parmacotto \"Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto\") [Zabar's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zabar%27s \"Zabar's\") |\n| Museums | [American Museum of Natural History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Museum_of_Natural_History \"American Museum of Natural History\") [Children's Museum of Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Children%27s_Museum_of_Manhattan \"Children's Museum of Manhattan\") [Museum of Biblical Art](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_\$New_York_City\$ \"Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)\") [New York Historical](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Historical \"New York Historical\") |\n| Theaters\/performing arts |   |\n|   |   |\n| Lincoln Center | [Alice Tully Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alice_Tully_Hall \"Alice Tully Hall\") [David Geffen Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Geffen_Hall \"David Geffen Hall\") [David H. Koch Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_H._Koch_Theater \"David H. Koch Theater\") [Rose Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center \"Jazz at Lincoln Center\") [Metropolitan Opera House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Opera_House_\$Lincoln_Center\$ \"Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)\") [Vivian Beaumont Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater \"Vivian Beaumont Theater\") [Walter Reade Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Reade_Theater \"Walter Reade Theater\") |\n| Former | [Andanada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andanada \"Andanada\") [Café des Artistes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caf%C3%A9_des_Artistes \"Café des Artistes\") [Century Theatre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Century_Theatre_\$Central_Park_West\$ \"Century Theatre (Central Park West)\") [Dovetail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dovetail_\$restaurant\$ \"Dovetail (restaurant)\") [Eighty One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eighty_One \"Eighty One\") [Metro Theater](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_Theater_\$New_York_City\$ \"Metro Theater (New York City)\") [Mikell's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikell%27s \"Mikell's\") [Nicholas Roerich Museum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_Roerich_Museum \"Nicholas Roerich Museum\") [A Photographer's Gallery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Photographer%27s_Gallery \"A Photographer's Gallery\") [Telepan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Telepan \"Telepan\") |\n| Green spaces and recreation |   |\n| [Central Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park \"Central Park\") [Damrosch Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Damrosch_Park \"Damrosch Park\") [Riverside Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_Park_\$Manhattan\$ \"Riverside Park (Manhattan)\") [Sherman Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sherman_Square \"Sherman Square\") [Septuagesimo Uno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Septuagesimo_Uno \"Septuagesimo Uno\") [Verdi Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verdi_Square \"Verdi Square\") [West Side Community Garden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Side_Community_Garden \"West Side Community Garden\") |   |\n| Education |   |\n|   |   |\n| Primary and secondary | [The Anderson School PS 334](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Anderson_School_PS_334 \"The Anderson School PS 334\") [Calhoun School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calhoun_School \"Calhoun School\") [Collegiate School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Collegiate_School_\$New_York_City\$ \"Collegiate School (New York City)\") [Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School \"Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School\") [Dwight School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dwight_School \"Dwight School\") [Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_A._Reynolds_West_Side_High_School \"Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School\") [Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School \"Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School\") [Gateway School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gateway_School \"Gateway School\") [Innovation Diploma Plus High School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Innovation_Diploma_Plus_High_School \"Innovation Diploma Plus High School\") [Manhattan Day School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Day_School \"Manhattan Day School\") [PS 9 Sarah Anderson School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PS_9_Sarah_Anderson_School \"PS 9 Sarah Anderson School\") [PS 166](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PS_166_\$Manhattan\$ \"PS 166 (Manhattan)\") [The School at Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_School_at_Columbia_University \"The School at Columbia University\") [Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Solomon_Schechter_School_of_Manhattan \"Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan\") [Stephen Gaynor School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Gaynor_School \"Stephen Gaynor School\") [Studio Maestro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Studio_Maestro \"Studio Maestro\") [Trinity School](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_School_\$New_York_City\$ \"Trinity School (New York City)\") |\n| Post-secondary | [Bard Graduate Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bard_Graduate_Center \"Bard Graduate Center\") [Fordham University School of Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fordham_University_School_of_Law \"Fordham University School of Law\") [William E. Macaulay Honors College](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_E._Macaulay_Honors_College \"William E. Macaulay Honors College\") [Yeshivat Hadar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeshivat_Hadar \"Yeshivat Hadar\") |\n| Music schools | [Bloomingdale School of Music](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bloomingdale_School_of_Music \"Bloomingdale School of Music\") [Kaufman Music Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaufman_Music_Center \"Kaufman Music Center\") [Mannes School of Music](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mannes_School_of_Music \"Mannes School of Music\") |\n| Religion |   |\n|   |   |\n| Churches, chapels | [Advent Lutheran Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advent_Lutheran_Church_\$New_York_City\$ \"Advent Lutheran Church (New York City)\") [All Angels' Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/All_Angels%27_Church \"All Angels' Church\") [Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annunciation_Greek_Orthodox_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)\") [Broadway United Church of Christ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_United_Church_of_Christ \"Broadway United Church of Christ\") [Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christ_%26_Saint_Stephen%27s_Episcopal_Church \"Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church\") [Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_St._Paul_and_St._Andrew_\$New_York_City\$ \"Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City)\") [Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Roman_Catholic_\$Manhattan\$ \"Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic (Manhattan)\") [Church of the Blessed Sacrament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament_\$Manhattan\$ \"Church of the Blessed Sacrament (Manhattan)\") [First Baptist Church in the City of New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York \"First Baptist Church in the City of New York\") [First Church of Christ, Scientist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_\$New_York_City\$ \"First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)\") [Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourth_Universalist_Society_in_the_City_of_New_York \"Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York\") [Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Roman_Catholic_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church (Manhattan)\") [Holy Trinity Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Trinity_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Holy Trinity Church (Manhattan)\") [Holy Trinity Lutheran Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Trinity_Lutheran_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Manhattan)\") [Riverside Memorial Chapel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_Memorial_Chapel \"Riverside Memorial Chapel\") [Rutgers Presbyterian Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rutgers_Presbyterian_Church \"Rutgers Presbyterian Church\") [St. Agnes Chapel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Agnes_Chapel_\$New_York_City\$ \"St. Agnes Chapel (New York City)\") [Second Church of Christ, Scientist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Second_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_\$Manhattan\$ \"Second Church of Christ, Scientist (Manhattan)\") [St. Gregory the Great Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Gregory_the_Great_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"St. Gregory the Great Church (Manhattan)\") [St. Ignatius of Antioch Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Ignatius_of_Antioch_Church_\$New_York_City\$ \"St. Ignatius of Antioch Church (New York City)\") [St. Michael's Episcopal Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Michael%27s_Episcopal_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)\") [Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Manhattan \"Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan\") [West End Collegiate Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_End_Collegiate_Church \"West End Collegiate Church\") [West-Park Presbyterian Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West-Park_Presbyterian_Church \"West-Park Presbyterian Church\") |\n| Synagogues | [Ansche Chesed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansche_Chesed \"Ansche Chesed\") [B'nai Jeshurun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/B%27nai_Jeshurun_\$Manhattan\$ \"B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)\") [Congregation Habonim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congregation_Habonim \"Congregation Habonim\") [Congregation Ohab Zedek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congregation_Ohab_Zedek \"Congregation Ohab Zedek\") [Congregation Rodeph Sholom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congregation_Rodeph_Sholom_\$Manhattan\$ \"Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan)\") [Congregation Shaare Zedek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congregation_Shaare_Zedek_\$Manhattan\$ \"Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)\") [Congregation Shearith Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Congregation_Shearith_Israel \"Congregation Shearith Israel\") [Jewish Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_Center_\$Manhattan\$ \"Jewish Center (Manhattan)\") [Lincoln Square Synagogue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lincoln_Square_Synagogue \"Lincoln Square Synagogue\") [Ramath Orah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramath_Orah \"Ramath Orah\") [Stephen Wise Free Synagogue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Wise_Free_Synagogue \"Stephen Wise Free Synagogue\") |\n| Transportation |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Subway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Subway \"New York City Subway\") stations | [59th Street–Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station \"59th Street–Columbus Circle station\") [66th Street–Lincoln Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station \"66th Street–Lincoln Center station\") [72nd Street\/Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [72nd Street\/Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [79th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/79th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [81st Street–Museum of Natural History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station \"81st Street–Museum of Natural History station\") [86th Street\/Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/86th_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [86th Street\/Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/86th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [96th Street\/Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/96th_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [96th Street\/Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/96th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [103rd Street\/Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/103rd_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [103rd Street\/Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/103rd_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street\/Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street\/Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") |\n| Streets | [66th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/66th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"66th Street (Manhattan)\") [72nd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"72nd Street (Manhattan)\") [74th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/74th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"74th Street (Manhattan)\") [79th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/79th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"79th Street (Manhattan)\") [85th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/85th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"85th Street (Manhattan)\") [89th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/89th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"89th Street (Manhattan)\") [95th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/95th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"95th Street (Manhattan)\") [96th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/96th_Street_\$Manhattan\$ \"96th Street (Manhattan)\") [Amsterdam Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tenth_Avenue_\$Manhattan\$ \"Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)\") [Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Broadway (Manhattan)\") [Central Park West](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eighth_Avenue_\$Manhattan\$ \"Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)\") [Columbus Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ninth_Avenue_\$Manhattan\$ \"Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)\") [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\") [Frederick Douglass Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_Douglass_Circle \"Frederick Douglass Circle\") [Riverside Drive](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_Drive_\$Manhattan\$ \"Riverside Drive (Manhattan)\") [West End Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eleventh_Avenue_\$Manhattan\$ \"Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)\") |\n| Other | [New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Central_Railroad_69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge \"New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge\") [79th Street Boat Basin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/79th_Street_Boat_Basin \"79th Street Boat Basin\") |\n| Related topics |   |\n| [Central Park West Historic District](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park_West_Historic_District \"Central Park West Historic District\") [Manhattantown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattantown \"Manhattantown\") [San Juan Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan \"San Juan Hill, Manhattan\") |   |\n| *See also:* [Manhattan Community Board 7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Community_Board_7 \"Manhattan Community Board 7\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Template:Broadway (Manhattan)\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Template talk:Broadway (Manhattan)\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Broadway (Manhattan)\")[Structures](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_buildings_and_structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan \"List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan\") on [Broadway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_\$Manhattan\$ \"Broadway (Manhattan)\") in [Manhattan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan \"Manhattan\") and [the Bronx](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bronx \"The Bronx\") |\n|---|\n| Buildings ([The Battery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Battery_\$Manhattan\$ \"The Battery (Manhattan)\") – [Houston Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Houston_Street \"Houston Street\")) |\n| [U.S. Custom House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House \"Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House\") [One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_Broadway \"1 Broadway\") [Two](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_Broadway \"2 Broadway\") [11 (Bowling Green Offices)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bowling_Green_Offices_Building \"Bowling Green Offices Building\") [25 (Cunard)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cunard_Building_\$New_York_City\$ \"Cunard Building (New York City)\") [26 (Standard Oil)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/26_Broadway \"26 Broadway\") [52](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/52_Broadway \"52 Broadway\") [61 (Adams Express)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adams_Express_Building \"Adams Express Building\") [65 (American Express)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/65_Broadway \"65 Broadway\") [1 Wall Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_Wall_Street \"1 Wall Street\") [71 (Empire)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_Building_\$Manhattan\$ \"Empire Building (Manhattan)\") [75 (Trinity Church)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Trinity Church (Manhattan)\") [100 (American Surety)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Surety_Building \"American Surety Building\") [111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_and_United_States_Realty_Buildings \"Trinity and United States Realty Buildings\") [120 (Equitable)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equitable_Building_\$Manhattan\$ \"Equitable Building (Manhattan)\") [140 (Marine Midland)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/140_Broadway \"140 Broadway\") [165 (One Liberty Plaza)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Liberty_Plaza \"One Liberty Plaza\") [195](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/195_Broadway \"195 Broadway\") [200 (Fulton Center)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulton_Center \"Fulton Center\") [Corbin Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corbin_Building \"Corbin Building\") 209 [St. Paul's Chapel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Paul%27s_Chapel \"St. Paul's Chapel\") [Trinity Church Cemetery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trinity_Church_Cemetery \"Trinity Church Cemetery\") [Transportation (225)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transportation_Building_\$Manhattan\$ \"Transportation Building (Manhattan)\") [233 (Woolworth)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woolworth_Building \"Woolworth Building\") [253, 256 (Home Life)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Home_Life_Building \"Home Life Building\") [258 (Rogers Peet)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rogers_Peet_Building \"Rogers Peet Building\") [City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Hall \"New York City Hall\") [270 (Tower 270)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tower_270 \"Tower 270\") [277 (Broadway–Chambers)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway%E2%80%93Chambers_Building \"Broadway–Chambers Building\") [280](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/280_Broadway \"280 Broadway\") [287](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/287_Broadway \"287 Broadway\") [290 (Ted Weiss Federal)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Weiss_Federal_Building \"Ted Weiss Federal Building\") [291](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/291_Broadway \"291 Broadway\") [305 (Mutual Reserve)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mutual_Reserve_Building \"Mutual Reserve Building\") [319](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/319_Broadway \"319 Broadway\") [346 (Former New York Life)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/108_Leonard \"108 Leonard\") [359](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/359_Broadway \"359 Broadway\") [361](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/361_Broadway \"361 Broadway\") [395 (Pearl River Mart)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearl_River_Mart \"Pearl River Mart\") [457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A._J._Dittenhofer_Warehouse \"A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse\") [462 (Mills & Gibb)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/462_Broadway \"462 Broadway\") [488 (E. V. Haughwout)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._V._Haughwout_Building \"E. V. Haughwout Building\") [495 (New Era)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Era_Building_\$New_York_City\$ \"New Era Building (New York City)\") [561 (Scholastic)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scholastic_Building \"Scholastic Building\") |\n| Buildings (Houston Street – [Times Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square \"Times Square\")) |\n| [611 (Cable)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cable_Building_\$New_York_City\$ \"Cable Building (New York City)\") [640](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/640_Broadway \"640 Broadway\") [721 (Tisch School)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts \"Tisch School of the Arts\") [770](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/770_Broadway \"770 Broadway\") [800 (Grace Church)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grace_Church_\$Manhattan\$ \"Grace Church (Manhattan)\") [828 (Strand Bookstore)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strand_Bookstore \"Strand Bookstore\") [889 (Gorham)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/889_Broadway \"889 Broadway\") [900 (Goelet)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/900_Broadway \"900 Broadway\") [935–939](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/935%E2%80%93939_Broadway \"935–939 Broadway\") [Flatiron Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatiron_Building \"Flatiron Building\") [Madison Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madison_Green_\$New_York_City\$ \"Madison Green (New York City)\") [1181 (Baudouine)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baudouine_Building \"Baudouine Building\") [1200 (Gilsey)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilsey_House \"Gilsey House\") [1232 (Grand Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"Grand Hotel (New York City)\") [1260 (Martinique Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martinique_New_York_on_Broadway,_Curio_Collection_by_Hilton \"Martinique New York on Broadway, Curio Collection by Hilton\") [1300 (Hotel McAlpin)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_McAlpin \"Hotel McAlpin\") [1313](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Million_Dollar_Corner \"Million Dollar Corner\") [Macy's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macy%27s_Herald_Square \"Macy's Herald Square\") [1328 (2 Herald Square)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2_Herald_Square \"2 Herald Square\") [1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenwich_Savings_Bank_Building \"Greenwich Savings Bank Building\") [Holy Innocents Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holy_Innocents_Church_\$New_York_City\$ \"Holy Innocents Church (New York City)\") [Times Square Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square_Tower \"Times Square Tower\") [1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Knickerbocker_Hotel \"The Knickerbocker Hotel\") |\n| Buildings (Times Square – [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\")) |\n| [1472 (4 Times Square)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/4_Times_Square \"4 Times Square\") [1475 (One Times Square)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Times_Square \"One Times Square\") [1500](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1500_Broadway \"1500 Broadway\") [1501 (Paramount)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1501_Broadway \"1501 Broadway\") 1515 ([One Astor Plaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/One_Astor_Plaza \"One Astor Plaza\") and [Minskoff Theatre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minskoff_Theatre \"Minskoff Theatre\")) [1535 (Marriott Marquis)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Marriott_Marquis \"New York Marriott Marquis\") [1540 (Bertelsmann)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1540_Broadway \"1540 Broadway\") [1552 (I. Miller)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1552_Broadway \"1552 Broadway\") [1560 (Embassy Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embassy_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Embassy Theatre (New York City)\") [1564 (Palace Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Palace_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Palace Theatre (New York City)\") [1566 (TSX Broadway)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TSX_Broadway \"TSX Broadway\")\\` [1585 (Morgan Stanley)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1585_Broadway \"1585 Broadway\") [1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan \"Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan\") [1619 (Brill)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brill_Building \"Brill Building\") [1634 (Winter Garden Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winter_Garden_Theatre \"Winter Garden Theatre\") [1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner \"Ellen's Stardust Diner\") [1633 (Paramount Plaza)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount_Plaza \"Paramount Plaza\") [1681 (Broadway Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broadway_Theatre_\$53rd_Street\$ \"Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)\") [1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ed_Sullivan_Theater \"Ed Sullivan Theater\") [1717](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1717_Broadway \"1717 Broadway\") [1740](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1740_Broadway \"1740 Broadway\") [1745 (Random House Tower)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Random_House_Tower \"Random House Tower\") [1764 (224 West 57th Street)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/224_West_57th_Street \"224 West 57th Street\") [1780 (Central Park Tower)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park_Tower \"Central Park Tower\") [1790 (5 Columbus Circle)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5_Columbus_Circle \"5 Columbus Circle\") [240 Central Park South](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/240_Central_Park_South \"240 Central Park South\") |\n| Buildings (Columbus Circle – [The Bronx](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bronx \"The Bronx\")) |\n| [Deutsche Bank Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deutsche_Bank_Center \"Deutsche Bank Center\") [Trump International Hotel and Tower]() [1865](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Loggia \"Park Loggia\") [Empire Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Empire_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"The Empire Hotel (New York City)\") [The Dorilton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dorilton \"The Dorilton\") [2100 (Apple Bank)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apple_Bank_Building \"Apple Bank Building\") [2109 (Ansonia)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Ansonia \"The Ansonia\") [2124 (Beacon Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beacon_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Beacon Theatre (New York City)\") [Hotel Beacon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Beacon \"Hotel Beacon\") [The Astor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Astor \"The Astor\") [2175 (Hotel Belleclaire)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Belleclaire \"Hotel Belleclaire\") [2201 (Apthorp)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Apthorp \"The Apthorp\") [First Baptist Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York \"First Baptist Church in the City of New York\") [2350 (Bretton Hall)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bretton_Hall_\$Manhattan\$ \"Bretton Hall (Manhattan)\") [The Belnord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Belnord \"The Belnord\") [2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop \"Murray's Sturgeon Shop\") [Astor Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astor_Court_Building \"Astor Court Building\") [The Cornwall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Cornwall \"The Cornwall\") [2626 (Metro Theater)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metro_Theater_\$New_York_City\$ \"Metro Theater (New York City)\") [2689–2693 (Hotel Marseilles)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Marseilles \"Hotel Marseilles\") [2801–2825 (The Manhasset)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Manhasset \"The Manhasset\") [School at Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_School_at_Columbia_University \"The School at Columbia University\") [2880 (Goddard Institute)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studies \"Goddard Institute for Space Studies\") Broadway Hall [3009 (Barnard College)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnard_College \"Barnard College\") [3333 (Riverside Park Community)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_Park_Community \"Riverside Park Community\") [Intercession Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Intercession_\$Manhattan\$ \"Church of the Intercession (Manhattan)\") [3939 (Children's Hospital)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morgan_Stanley_Children%27s_Hospital \"Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital\") [3940](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audubon_Ballroom \"Audubon Ballroom\") [Audubon Ballroom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audubon_Ballroom \"Audubon Ballroom\") [Shabazz Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malcolm_X_and_Dr._Betty_Shabazz_Memorial_and_Educational_Center \"Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center\") [4140 (United Palace)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Palace \"United Palace\") [4881 (Dyckman House)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dyckman_House \"Dyckman House\") [4967 (Good Shepherd Church)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_\$New_York_City\$ \"Church of the Good Shepherd (New York City)\") [5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seaman-Drake_Arch \"Seaman-Drake Arch\") [5141 (Allen Hospital)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital \"NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital\") |\n| Parks and plazas |\n| [Bowling Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bowling_Green_\$New_York_City\$ \"Bowling Green (New York City)\") [Zuccotti Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zuccotti_Park \"Zuccotti Park\") [City Hall Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civic_Center,_Manhattan \"Civic Center, Manhattan\") [Union Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_Square,_Manhattan \"Union Square, Manhattan\") [Madison Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park \"Madison Square and Madison Square Park\") [Greeley Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herald_Square \"Herald Square\") [Herald Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herald_Square \"Herald Square\") [Times Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square \"Times Square\") [Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbus_Circle \"Columbus Circle\") [Verdi Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verdi_Square \"Verdi Square\") [Van Cortlandt Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Van_Cortlandt_Park \"Van Cortlandt Park\") |\n| [Subway stations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City_Subway \"New York City Subway\") |\n| [103rd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/103rd_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [116th Street–Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/116th_Street%E2%80%93Columbia_University_station \"116th Street–Columbia University station\") [125th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/125th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"125th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [137th Street–City College](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/137th_Street%E2%80%93City_College_station \"137th Street–City College station\") [145th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/145th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"145th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [14th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Street%E2%80%93Union_Square_station \"14th Street–Union Square station\") [157th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/157th_Street_station \"157th Street station\") [168th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/168th_Street_station_\$New_York_City_Subway\$ \"168th Street station (New York City Subway)\") [231st Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/231st_Street_station \"231st Street station\") [238th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/238th_Street_station \"238th Street station\") [23rd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/23rd_Street_station_\$BMT_Broadway_Line\$ \"23rd Street station (BMT Broadway Line)\") [28th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/28th_Street_station_\$BMT_Broadway_Line\$ \"28th Street station (BMT Broadway Line)\") [34th Street–Herald Square](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/34th_Street%E2%80%93Herald_Square_station \"34th Street–Herald Square station\") [50th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/50th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"50th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [59th Street–Columbus Circle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station \"59th Street–Columbus Circle station\") [66th Street–Lincoln Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station \"66th Street–Lincoln Center station\") [72nd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/72nd_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [79th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/79th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [86th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/86th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [96th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/96th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [Bowling Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bowling_Green_station \"Bowling Green station\") [Canal Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canal_Street_station_\$New_York_City_Subway\$ \"Canal Street station (New York City Subway)\") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_\$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line\$ \"Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)\") [City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/City_Hall_station_\$BMT_Broadway_Line\$ \"City Hall station (BMT Broadway Line)\") [Dyckman Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dyckman_Street_station_\$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line\$ \"Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)\") [Eighth Street–New York University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eighth_Street%E2%80%93New_York_University_station \"Eighth Street–New York University station\") [Fulton Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulton_Street_station_\$New_York_City_Subway\$ \"Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)\") [Inwood–207th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_station \"Inwood–207th Street station\") [Marble Hill–225th Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marble_Hill%E2%80%93225th_Street_station \"Marble Hill–225th Street station\") [Prince Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prince_Street_station \"Prince Street station\") [Times Square–42nd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station \"Times Square–42nd Street station\") [Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Van_Cortlandt_Park%E2%80%93242nd_Street_station \"Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station\") [Wall Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wall_Street_station_\$IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line\$ \"Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)\") |\n| Former |\n| [New York Produce Exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Produce_Exchange \"New York Produce Exchange\") [Government House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_House_\$New_York_City\$ \"Government House (New York City)\") [39 (Macomb House)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Macomb_House \"Alexander Macomb House\") [50 (Tower)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tower_Building_\$New_York_City\$ \"Tower Building (New York City)\") [64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manhattan_Life_Insurance_Building \"Manhattan Life Insurance Building\") [113–119 (City Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/City_Hotel_\$Manhattan\$ \"City Hotel (Manhattan)\") [120 (Equitable Life)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equitable_Life_Building_\$Manhattan\$ \"Equitable Life Building (Manhattan)\") [149 (Singer)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singer_Building \"Singer Building\") [165 (City Investing)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/City_Investing_Building \"City Investing Building\") [169–171 (Gilsey)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gilsey_Building \"Gilsey Building\") [176 (Howard Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Howard_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"Howard Hotel (New York City)\") [195 (Western Union)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Western_Union_Telegraph_Building \"Western Union Telegraph Building\") [220 (St. Paul)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Paul_Building \"St. Paul Building\") [222 (Barnum's American Museum)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnum%27s_American_Museum \"Barnum's American Museum\") [Astor House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astor_House \"Astor House\") [Rogers Peet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rogers_Peet_Building \"Rogers Peet Building\") [346 (Appleton)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Appleton_Building \"Appleton Building\") [472 (Mechanics' Hall)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mechanics%27_Hall_\$New_York_City\$ \"Mechanics' Hall (New York City)\") [Theatre Comique](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theatre_Comique \"Theatre Comique\") [Church of the Divine Unity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Divine_Unity \"Church of the Divine Unity\") [507 (St. Nicholas Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Nicholas_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"St. Nicholas Hotel (New York City)\") [Metropolitan Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Hotel_\$New_York_City\$ \"Metropolitan Hotel (New York City)\") [663 (Canterbury Hall)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canterbury_Hall_\$New_York_City\$ \"Canterbury Hall (New York City)\") [673 (Grand Central Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_Central_Hotel \"Grand Central Hotel\") [728 (Church of the Messiah)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Church_of_the_Messiah_\$Manhattan\$ \"Church of the Messiah (Manhattan)\") [728 (New Theatre Comique)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Theatre_Comique \"New Theatre Comique\") [881 (Arnold Constable)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arnold_Constable_%26_Company \"Arnold Constable & Company\") [1101 (Albemarle Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albemarle_Hotel \"Albemarle Hotel\") [1107 (McCrory Stores)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCrory_Stores_Corporation \"McCrory Stores Corporation\") [1115 (Legnam Corporation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Legnam_Corporation \"Legnam Corporation\") [Hotel Victoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Victoria_\$New_York_City\$ \"Hotel Victoria (New York City)\") [1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fifth_Avenue_Theatre \"Fifth Avenue Theatre\") [1372 (Fair Waist Company)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_Waist_and_Dress_Company \"Fair Waist and Dress Company\") [1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knickerbocker_Theatre_\$Broadway\$ \"Knickerbocker Theatre (Broadway)\") [1411 (Metropolitan Opera House)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropolitan_Opera_House_\$39th_Street\$ \"Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)\") [1469 (Pabst)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pabst_Hotel \"Pabst Hotel\") [1481 (Rialto Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rialto_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Rialto Theatre (New York City)\") [1500 (Hotel Claridge)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_Claridge \"Hotel Claridge\") [1537 (Astor Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Astor_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Astor Theatre (New York City)\") [1567 (Central Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Central Theatre (New York City)\") [1579 (Strand Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strand_Theatre_\$Manhattan\$ \"Strand Theatre (Manhattan)\") [1600 (Studebaker)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Studebaker_Building_\$Midtown_Manhattan\$ \"Studebaker Building (Midtown Manhattan)\") [Jack Dempsey's Restaurant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jack_Dempsey%27s_Broadway_Restaurant \"Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant\") [1645 (Capitol Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capitol_Theatre_\$New_York_City\$ \"Capitol Theatre (New York City)\") 1650 [Beltone Studios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beltone_Studios \"Beltone Studios\") [Iridium Jazz Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iridium_Jazz_Club \"Iridium Jazz Club\") [1678 (Birdland)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birdland_\$New_York_jazz_club\$ \"Birdland (New York jazz club)\") [1865 (Museum of Biblical Art)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_\$New_York_City\$ \"Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)\") [1981 (Dauphin Hotel)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dauphin_Hotel \"Dauphin Hotel\") [4260 (Coliseum Theatre)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coliseum_Theatre_\$Washington_Heights\$ \"Coliseum Theatre (Washington Heights)\") [St. Teresa of Avila Church](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Teresa_of_Avila_Church_\$New_York_City\$ \"St. Teresa of Avila Church (New York City)\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Trump_businesses \"Template:Trump businesses\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Trump_businesses \"Template talk:Trump businesses\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Trump_businesses \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Trump businesses\")[Businesses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump \"Business career of Donald Trump\") of [Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump \"Donald Trump\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| **[The Trump Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trump_Organization \"The Trump Organization\")** [Donald Trump Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump_Jr. \"Donald Trump Jr.\") [Eric Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eric_Trump \"Eric Trump\") [Allen Weisselberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allen_Weisselberg \"Allen Weisselberg\") [Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump \"Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump\") [List of things named after Donald Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump \"List of things named after Donald Trump\") |   |\n| [NYC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_City \"New York City\") properties | [The Trump Building (40 Wall Street)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/40_Wall_Street \"40 Wall Street\") [Trump Parc and Trump Parc East](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Parc \"Trump Parc\") [Trump Park Avenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Park_Avenue \"Trump Park Avenue\") [Trump Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower \"Trump Tower\") [Trump World Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_World_Tower \"Trump World Tower\") |\n| Hotels and resorts | Trump International Hotel and Tower [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$Chicago\$ \"Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)\") [Las Vegas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas \"Trump International Hotel Las Vegas\") [2025 explosion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Las_Vegas_Cybertruck_explosion \"2025 Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion\") [New York City]() [Mar-a-Lago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar-a-Lago \"Mar-a-Lago\") |\n| Golf courses |   |\n|   |   |\n| U.S. | [Bedminster, NJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster \"Trump National Golf Club Bedminster\") [\"Doral\" Miami, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Doral_Miami \"Trump National Doral Miami\") [Jupiter, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Jupiter \"Trump National Golf Club Jupiter\") [Los Angeles, CA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Los_Angeles \"Trump National Golf Club Los Angeles\") [Pine Hill, NJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Philadelphia \"Trump National Golf Club Philadelphia\") [Washington, D.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Washington,_D.C. \"Trump National Golf Club Washington, D.C.\") [Westchester, NY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Westchester \"Trump National Golf Club Westchester\") [West Palm Beach, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Golf_Club_\$West_Palm_Beach\$ \"Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)\") |\n| Europe | [Balmedie, Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Golf_Links,_Scotland \"Trump International Golf Links, Scotland\") [wind farm dispute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Golf_Club_Scotland_Ltd_v_The_Scottish_Ministers \"Trump International Golf Club Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers\") [Doonbeg, Ireland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Golf_Links_and_Hotel_Ireland \"Trump International Golf Links and Hotel Ireland\") [Turnberry, Scotland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turnberry_\$golf_course\$ \"Turnberry (golf course)\") |\n| Other current ventures | [\\$Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/$Trump \"$Trump\") [Cryptocurrency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration \"Cryptocurrency in the second Donald Trump administration\") [Never Surrender High-Top](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Never_Surrender_High-Top \"Never Surrender High-Top\") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group \"Trump Media & Technology Group\") [Truth Social](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truth_Social \"Truth Social\") [Trump Mobile](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Mobile \"Trump Mobile\") [Trump Winery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Winery \"Trump Winery\") |\n| Name licensing | [Trump Bay Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Bay_Street \"Trump Bay Street\") [Trump Palace Condominiums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Palace_Condominiums \"Trump Palace Condominiums\") [Jersey City, NJ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Plaza_\$Jersey_City\$ \"Trump Plaza (Jersey City)\") [New Rochelle, NY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Plaza_\$New_Rochelle\$ \"Trump Plaza (New Rochelle)\") [New York City, NY](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Plaza_\$New_York_City\$ \"Trump Plaza (New York City)\") Trump Tower [Istanbul, Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Towers_Istanbul \"Trump Towers Istanbul\") [Manila, Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower_Manila \"Trump Tower Manila\") [Pune, India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Towers_Pune \"Trump Towers Pune\") [Punta del Este, Uruguay](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower_Punta_del_Este \"Trump Tower Punta del Este\") [Sunny Isles Beach, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Towers_\$Sunny_Isles_Beach\$ \"Trump Towers (Sunny Isles Beach)\") |\n| Former properties | [GM Building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Motors_Building_\$Manhattan\$ \"General Motors Building (Manhattan)\") [Hyatt Grand Central New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York \"Hyatt Grand Central New York\") [JW Marriott Panama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JW_Marriott_Panama \"JW Marriott Panama\") [Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ka_La%CA%BBi_Waikiki_Beach_Hotel \"Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel\") [LSH Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LSH_Hotel \"LSH Hotel\") (Brazil) [Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Old_Post_Office_\$Washington,_D.C.\$ \"Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)\") [Paradox Hotel Vancouver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paradox_Hotel_Vancouver \"Paradox Hotel Vancouver\") [Park Tower Stamford](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Park_Tower_Stamford \"Park Tower Stamford\") [Plaza Hotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plaza_Hotel \"Plaza Hotel\") [The Dominick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dominick \"The Dominick\") (Trump SoHo) [The Plaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Plaza_\$West_Palm_Beach\$ \"The Plaza (West Palm Beach)\") (West Palm Beach, FL) [The St. Regis Toronto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_St._Regis_Toronto \"The St. Regis Toronto\") [The Tower at City Place](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Tower_at_City_Place \"The Tower at City Place\") (White Plains, NY) |\n| Cancelled real estate projects | [Russian projects](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia \"Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia\") [Trump Tower Moscow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower_Moscow \"Trump Tower Moscow\") Trump International Hotel and Tower [Baku, Azerbaijan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$Baku\$ \"Trump International Hotel and Tower (Baku)\") [Dubai, UAE](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$Dubai\$ \"Trump International Hotel and Tower (Dubai)\") [Fort Lauderdale, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conrad_Fort_Lauderdale \"Conrad Fort Lauderdale\") [New Orleans, LA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_\$New_Orleans\$ \"Trump International Hotel and Tower (New Orleans)\") [Phoenix, AZ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Residence \"Trump International Hotel & Residence\") [Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Ocean_Resort_Baja_Mexico \"Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico\") Trump Tower [Brazil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Towers_Rio \"Trump Towers Rio\") [Germany](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TD_Trump_Deutschland \"TD Trump Deutschland\") [Israel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elite_Tower \"Elite Tower\") [Tampa, FL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Tower_\$Tampa\$ \"Trump Tower (Tampa)\") [Twin Towers 2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twin_Towers_2 \"Twin Towers 2\") |\n| Former ventures | [Central Park Carousel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_Park_Carousel \"Central Park Carousel\") [Donald Trump dolls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_Trump_dolls \"Donald Trump dolls\") [Donald J. Trump Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation \"Donald J. 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City\") [Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino \"Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino\") [Trump Taj Mahal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_Rock_Hotel_%26_Casino_Atlantic_City \"Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City\") [Trump World's Fair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_World%27s_Fair \"Trump World's Fair\") [Trump Casino Indiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Majestic_Star_II \"Majestic Star II\") [Trump magazines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_magazines \"Trump magazines\") [Trump Model Management](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Model_Management \"Trump Model Management\") [Trump Mortgage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trump_Mortgage \"Trump Mortgage\") [Trump Network](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Trump_Network \"The Trump Network\") [Trump Place](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Riverside_South,_Manhattan \"Riverside South, Manhattan\") [Trump 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Boilerpipe Text	Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York This article is about the condominiums and hotel on Columbus Circle. For the condominiums and offices on Fifth Avenue, see Trump Tower . The Trump International Hotel and Tower , originally the Gulf and Western Building , is a high-rise building at 15 Columbus Circle and 1 Central Park West on the Upper West Side of Manhattan , New York City. It was originally designed by Thomas E. Stanley as an office building and completed in 1970 as the headquarters of Gulf and Western Industries . In the mid-1990s, a joint venture composed of the General Electric Pension Fund, Galbreath Company, and developer Donald Trump renovated the building into a hotel and residential tower. The renovation was designed by Philip Johnson and Costas Kondylis . The Trump International Hotel and Tower is 583 ft (178 m) tall and has contained 44 physical stories since it was built. The building originally had an aluminum-and-marble facade and was surrounded by a public plaza on Broadway and Central Park West. There was a movie theater and shops in the basement as well as a restaurant on the top floor. After the building was renovated, a glass facade was installed. The lower portion of the tower is used as a hotel, while the upper floors house residential condominiums . Planning for an office skyscraper on the site dates to 1965, when developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro planned to replace an existing two- or three-story building there. After the Shapiros' firm made two failed proposals for the site, Realty Equities Corporation took over development in 1967. Upon its completion, the building served for more than two decades. By the early 1990s, the tower was bankrupt and the GE/Galbreath/Trump joint venture had taken over the structure. Gulf and Western successor Paramount Communications occupied the building until 1995, after which it was renovated; the residences opened in 1996 and the hotel rooms opened in 1997. The hotel was renovated in 2010. The Trump International Hotel and Tower is at 1 Central Park West, along the northern side of Columbus Circle , on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It occupies a trapezoidal plot of land bounded by Broadway to the west, 61st Street to the north, and Central Park West to the east. The land lot covers 31,349 sq ft (2,912 m 2 ), with a frontage of 261.54 ft (79.72 m) on Central Park West and a depth of 195 ft (59 m). [ 2 ] The building is abutted by 15 Central Park West to the north, Central Park to the east, and Deutsche Bank Center (formerly Time Warner Center) to the south. In addition, it is across Columbus Circle from 2 Columbus Circle and 240 Central Park South to the south. [ 2 ] Entrances to the New York City Subway 's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station , served by the 1 , A , B , C , and D trains, are directly outside the building. [ 3 ] The block had contained Durland's Riding Academy in the early 20th century, [ 4 ] as well as a ball field. [ 5 ] The lot was purchased in 1911 by magazine magnate William Randolph Hearst . [ 6 ] The plot was developed with the two-story American Circle Building, [ 7 ] [ 5 ] designed by Charles E. Birge , by 1914. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The building, known as the American International Building, [ 10 ] had a superstructure that could support the weight of a 30-story tower, though the additional stories were never built. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Hearst had envisioned the creation of a large Midtown headquarters for his company near Columbus Circle, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district. [ 13 ] However, the proposal collapsed in the Great Depression and only the Hearst Magazine Building , three blocks south, was built. [ 11 ] [ 14 ] Hearst's low-rise building on the north side of Columbus Circle remained standing until the 1960s, [ 12 ] with a prominent Coca-Cola sign displaying time and temperature. [ 15 ] The Trump International Hotel and Tower was originally the Gulf and Western Building, designed by Thomas E. Stanley and constructed in the late 1960s. [ 1 ] [ 7 ] It was built by HRH Construction . [ 7 ] [ 16 ] From 1995 to 1997, Philip Johnson and Costas Kondylis renovated the building into the current Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Cantor Seinuk served as the structural engineers for the renovation. [ 19 ] The 44-story building [ a ] is 583 ft (178 m) tall [ 21 ] [ 22 ] and is designed with 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m 2 ). [ 23 ] This gives the building a floor area ratio (FAR) of 18. As apartment buildings were limited to a FAR of 12, Trump divided the tower into two separate structures for zoning purposes: a 17-story hotel at the base and a 28-story residential tower above. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The tower is managed by the Trump Organization , a company run by developer and later U.S. president Donald Trump . The hotel units are owned by the General Electric (GE) Pension Trust and Galbreath & Company, who partnered with Trump in the 1990s residential conversion. The Trump Organization owns one of the condominiums, the parking garage, the restaurant space, the room-service kitchens, and the bathrooms in the lobby. The building and hotel are managed by the Trump Organization. The building's board of directors is composed of six residential owners, two hotel owners, and the president of the Trump Organization (who as of 2022 [update] is Donald Trump Jr. ). [ 25 ] The Gulf and Western Building was initially surrounded by a public plaza slightly above the sidewalk. The Central Park West frontage was raised two steps above the sidewalk there. [ 26 ] Originally, the northwest corner of the plot had a seating area surrounding a staircase to a basement movie theater , the Paramount Theater. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The only aboveground portion of the theater was a cylinder 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, which had an LED sign, a ticket booth, and an entrance to the theater. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] A stair and escalators led from ground level to the theater. The stairs were illuminated by theatrical lighting and were somewhat similar to the staircases designed by Wallace Harrison for the Metropolitan Opera House . [ 28 ] The portion of the plaza at the southern tip of the plot, facing Columbus Circle, is sunken below ground level. [ 29 ] The circular plaza includes a large staircase leading to the New York City Subway's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station. [ 26 ] There was also a building entrance in the sunken portion of the plaza. The sunken plaza had been added at the suggestion of by the Urban Design Group, which believed Broadway would be redeveloped significantly following the development of Lincoln Center several blocks north. [ 29 ] The Columbus Circle globe , a 30-foot-wide silver globe of the Earth by artist Kim Brandell, was installed in front of the building during its conversion into the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 30 ] The globe is inspired by the Unisphere in Queens , the New York City borough where Trump had grown up. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] According to Trump, the globe had been installed at the suggestion of a feng shui consultant he had hired. [ 23 ] [ 31 ] [ 33 ] The globe was to include the words "Trump International" in 3 ft-high (0.91 m) letters, but the letters were not installed because city officials objected to the idea. [ 32 ] [ 34 ] When the globe was installed in 1997, nearby office workers complained that it was causing too much glare. The original plan had been to coat the globe in a golden surface, which would have reduced the glare, but Trump's feng shui consultants had recommended against it. [ 35 ] The facade seen from 61st Street Thomas Stanley had intended the Gulf and Western Building to "provide a nice transition from Central Park", though the design was widely criticized upon the building's completion. [ 4 ] The Gulf and Western Building's facade originally had steel columns, which were clad in marble from the plaza to the fourth story. Black granite was used in the spandrels above the second-story and third-story windows, while a marble belt course ran above the fourth floor. [ 7 ] The marble was meant to complement the New York Coliseum (later demolished for the Deutsche Bank Center) and 2 Columbus Circle. [ 12 ] On the fifth story and above, the facade was composed of prefabricated gray-glass windows with aluminum frames, as well as extruded vertical aluminum mullions that were painted white. [ 7 ] A red sign reading "G&W" was originally mounted atop the building. [ 36 ] The facade panels had become misaligned by the early 1990s, [ 4 ] [ 37 ] which necessitated the caulking of loose facade panels, as well as the installation of mullions and large pins to secure the panels. [ 38 ] When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, the facade was re-clad in dark glass and steel. [ 39 ] Trump had requested that glass be used, despite the fact that some of Johnson's more contemporary projects like 550 Madison Avenue used stone. [ 23 ] Johnson had initially intended to model the new design on the Seagram Building , which he had helped design in the 1950s. [ 19 ] [ 40 ] As such, the windows between the columns were originally designed as flat windows, before Johnson considered designing the openings with projecting two-sided windows instead. The final design was similar to Johnson's One PPG Place in Pittsburgh. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The redesigned facade has non-reflective, slightly projecting three-sided windows. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] The facade's steel is painted a gold color, a hue Trump used in several of his other projects. [ 39 ] Johnson attributed the gold color to Trump's preference. [ 41 ] Trump had originally wanted the facade to be bright gold, but he decided to use a matte finish instead after hiring a feng shui consultant, who told him to change it to reflect the clouds in the sky. [ 23 ] [ 33 ] [ 42 ] Johnson had suggested removing the glass spandrels between floors to reduce costs, but Trump declined, saying the spandrels "sparkle like a diamond". [ 43 ] Structural features [ edit ] The Gulf and Western Building was erected with a mechanical core at its center. [ 44 ] The outer stories were reinforced with steel columns at intervals of 26 ft (7.9 m). When the skyscraper was constructed, it would sway slightly during strong winds. [ 4 ] According to structural engineer Ysrael Seinuk , the building would sway as much as 2.5 ft (0.76 m) laterally because of the lack of other tall buildings nearby to absorb the wind loads. [ 18 ] [ 24 ] [ 40 ] Additionally, winds from the north would travel more quickly down Broadway than along Central Park West, due to the presence of a collection of tall apartment structures on Central Park West. This effectively turned the Gulf and Western Building into an airfoil , which would twist in high winds. [ 24 ] As early as 1982, structural cracks prompted the building's owner to install a wind brace from ground level to the roof, measuring 44 by 15 ft (13.4 by 4.6 m). [ 44 ] When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, Seinuk added two concrete-and-steel shear walls in a cruciform arrangement. [ 24 ] [ 40 ] Under the original renovation plans, diagonal steel trusses would have been installed in the mechanical core from the 1st to the 14th floors. The 15th and 16th stories, which were converted to mechanical stories, would have had double-height outrigger trusses connecting the core and perimeter, as well as a belt truss with inverted "V"s at the perimeter. On the upper stories, the number of columns in the periphery would have been doubled, reducing the space between columns to 13 ft (4.0 m). [ 24 ] [ 18 ] This plan had been abandoned by 1995 in favor of a concrete wall through the building's center, rising to the 33rd floors. [ 45 ] The building has a total area of 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m 2 ). [ 23 ] The original layout of the building had 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m 2 ) of usable space with about 13,000 sq ft (1,200 m 2 ) on each floor. [ 26 ] When the building was converted into a hotel and residences, the top story was renumbered as floor 52; it was marketed this way since the ceilings in buildings designed for office use, such as the Gulf and Western Building, are typically higher than ceilings in residential buildings. [ 46 ] The floor numbering of the upper stories is offset by seven, so an apartment on floor 27 is actually on the 20th story. When residents buy a condominium, they sign a document that tells them about the floor-numbering discrepancy. [ 20 ] According to Trump, the building was equivalent to a standard 60-story apartment structure, [ 36 ] leading The New York Times to write: "Seen this way, measuring the converted tower at 52 floors was an act of altitudinal restraint." [ 46 ] Shops and restaurants were planned on two basement levels below the plaza that surrounded the Gulf and Western Building. [ 7 ] The Paramount Theater was in the basement underneath the northern end of the building. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] [ 47 ] It had either 532 [ 27 ] [ 29 ] or 535 seats. [ 47 ] When the theater opened in 1970 with its aboveground ticket booth, Architectural Forum said: "This theater is one of the handsomest non-buildings of recent years. We could use more of them." [ 27 ] The Paramount Theater subsequently became the Loews Columbus Circle, which was closed in the mid-1990s. [ 24 ] The office stories had ceiling heights of 12 ft (3.7 m), which were retained in the renovation. [ 24 ] The Gulf and Western Building originally used asbestos as insulation, a common material used in contemporary structures at the time. [ 37 ] After the building's completion, asbestos in New York City buildings was outlawed and the city passed a law that required building renovations to include asbestos removal. [ 48 ] The top floor contained a restaurant called Top of the Park. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] The restaurant had wallpaper and frosted-glass partitions with animal and plant decorations, decorated by Ellen Lehman McCluskey as an allusion to animals and plants in Central Park and the Central Park Zoo . [ 29 ] [ 49 ] The space also had red walls and mirrors as decorations, which architectural critic Paul Goldberger described in 1976 as "perhaps the most conspicuous missed chance of recent years in terms of restaurant design". [ 51 ] In 1988, Top of the Park was converted to a banquet space with a 200-person main dining room, as well as four smaller rooms fitting between 10 and 75 people. [ 50 ] Current hotel and condominiums [ edit ] Seen from ground level French chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten was hired to operate Jean-Georges , a ground-story restaurant at the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 43 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] Jean-Georges, a Michelin-starred restaurant, [ 54 ] [ 55 ] serves New French cuisine . [ 56 ] The Jean-Georges restaurant space was designed by Adam Tihany , who arranged the space with both a cafe and a main dining room. [ 53 ] Adjacent to it is Nougatine, a bar also operated by Vongerichten. [ 57 ] Also within the hotel is a fitness center, [ 43 ] [ 58 ] a 6,000 sq ft (560 m 2 ) spa, [ 59 ] as well as a business center and a 15-seat boardroom. [ 58 ] The fitness center has an indoor pool measuring 55 ft (17 m) long. [ 60 ] The lower portion of the tower, below the 17th story, is used for hotel rooms. [ 24 ] [ 58 ] There are 168 hotel units [ 58 ] [ 61 ] [ 62 ] [ b ] owned by GE and Galbreath. [ 62 ] The units include suites as well as one-bedroom and two-bedroom units. Each unit has a kitchen and large closets; originally, the rooms were all equipped with electronics like a VCR , CD player , fax machine , and TV. Forty of the suites have two bedrooms; each of these has an entry foyer with a toilet, as well as two bathrooms and a living room. [ 61 ] In addition, each hotel guest is allowed to use the "Trump Attaché" concierge service. [ 61 ] [ 63 ] A New York Times critic described the original decor as "not exactly homey" but "highly effective" for a one-night stay. [ 64 ] After a renovation in 2010, each room was upgraded with an HDTV. [ 59 ] There are 156 condominium residences [ c ] on the upper 27 stories. [ 62 ] Costas Kondylis designed the layout of the residences. [ 23 ] When the renovation had been completed in 1996, there had been 166 condominiums, each of which had 10 ft-tall (3.0 m) ceilings and 9 ft-tall (2.7 m) windows. The living spaces cover up 5,500 sq ft (510 m 2 ) each. [ 43 ] The condominium units vary in size and arrangement. For instance, one studio apartment has an open kitchen, as well as a long entrance gallery and large closet, while one of the one-bedroom units contains an enclosed kitchen. Some of the two- and three-bedroom units include a living/dining area, kitchen, and entrance gallery, while others include an entrance foyer, a living room–library, a dining alcove, and a kitchen. [ 62 ] Seven of the units are larger than the others and are classified as "A-line" units; [ 65 ] one of these, a four-bedroom unit on floor 48, has a separate foyer, living room, dining room, and library. [ 62 ] Trump's penthouse, on floor 52 (the 44th story), had five bedrooms with marble-clad hallways and bathrooms. [ 66 ] Trump was highly involved in selecting materials for the interior, choosing different woods for each of the three lobbies and picking the marble in the master bathrooms. [ 43 ] He also picked finishes for the units' kitchens and bathrooms, spending $10,000 to $25,000 more per unit than he had at his earlier Trump Tower . [ 67 ] Columbus Circle was redeveloped in the late 1950s and the 1960s. [ 68 ] The renewal of Columbus Circle had been spurred by the development of the New York Coliseum in 1956. The developments had included the construction of 2 Columbus Circle; renovation of storefronts at 240 Central Park South; and new buildings on Broadway between 59th and 68th Streets, just north of Columbus Circle. [ 69 ] Gulf and Western Building [ edit ] Planning and construction [ edit ] In March 1965, developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro of the company Forteyn announced their intention to develop a building at 1 Central Park West, [ 70 ] the last undeveloped site directly adjacent to Columbus Circle. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] Harold M. Liebman Associates had designed a 45-story structure for the site, along with a raised plaza. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] [ 71 ] The building would have contained 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m 2 ), with 10,500 sq ft (980 m 2 ) on each floor, supported by the original foundations of the low-rise structure there. [ 70 ] There would have been a glass-and-aluminum facade with a marble mechanical shaft facing west. [ 68 ] [ 70 ] [ 71 ] The Coca-Cola sign of the old building was dismantled starting in August 1965. [ 15 ] The Shapiros also relocated four existing tenants of 1 Central Park West into a nearby building they owned. [ 72 ] Demolition of the site was completed in early 1966. [ 10 ] That June, Forteyn announced that it had revised plans for the 45-story building. Rather than being an angular structure used for offices, the new plan would have offices only on its first nine stories and restaurant on the tenth story, with the address 15 Columbus Circle. The remaining stories would be cylindrical, with residences inside, and would carry the address 1 Central Park West. [ 10 ] [ 73 ] Architectural critic Ada Louise Huxtable regarded the plans as "ludicrous", regarding it as a cross between bow-shaped structures like the Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building in Hartford, Connecticut , and circular towers such as Marina City in Chicago . [ 74 ] According to Huxtable, "The reasoning here seems to be that ... New York can go two cities one better by building both, one on top of the other". [ 74 ] [ 29 ] Forteyn was unable to proceed with construction because it could not get financing for the project. [ 7 ] [ 29 ] The site was subsequently sold to the Investors Funding Corporation of New York , which in turn leased it to the Realty Equities Corporation . [ 29 ] [ 75 ] In October 1967, Gulf and Western Industries officially announced it would develop the building at a cost of $20 million. [ 12 ] [ 75 ] Gulf and Western planned to take the top portion of the new building; it also planned to expand into the lower stories in the future. [ 12 ] [ 29 ] Realty Equities was to construct the building. [ 75 ] A groundbreaking ceremony took place in March 1968. [ 7 ] [ 76 ] At that time, Gulf and Western increased its space requirements in the new building from 13 to 22 stories. [ 77 ] Construction was almost completed by late 1969, but the elevators had not been installed. The elevator-installation workers went on strike in June 1969 and continued their strike for at least four months. As a result, other workers were forced to walk up to their respective floors, leading the city to halt work because workers would not be able to evacuate quickly in an emergency. [ 76 ] Facade view of the Trump International Hotel and Tower The building was completed in 1970, [ 78 ] with the Paramount Theater opening in the basement that June. [ 47 ] Cross & Brown were the leasing agents; [ 79 ] the tower's first lessees included accounting firm Seidman and Seidman. [ 80 ] During the early 1970s, an awning flew off during a high wind, [ 81 ] and a man shot out windows in the Top of the Park restaurant, though no one was killed or seriously injured in either case. [ 82 ] [ 83 ] A rooftop antenna was installed at the Gulf and Western Building in 1975 to test the Westar satellite system for satellite television . [ 84 ] The tower was also damaged in a February 1977 bombing committed by the Puerto Rican nationalist group Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN), but no one was killed or injured. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] The Gulf and Western Building was owned by billionaire businessman John D. MacArthur at the time of his death in 1978. [ 87 ] In 1980, the skyscraper's management was transferred from Louis Feil to Cushman & Wakefield . [ 88 ] At the time, the tower was owned by Bankers Life , which in turn was operated by the MacArthur Foundation . [ 89 ] By 1982, the Gulf and Western Building swayed so much in the wind that its core walls and stairwells had developed cracks and workers had complained of nausea. [ 44 ] [ 90 ] The swaying also disrupted elevator service. [ 91 ] Some marble in the lower stories had cracked and was covered in plywood. [ 90 ] This prompted Bankers Life to add a brace between the street and roof at a cost of more than $10 million. [ 44 ] The MacArthur Foundation sold Bankers Life and its holdings in 1983 to Boston-based firm First Winthrop . [ 92 ] The following year, the MacArthur Foundation sold the Gulf and Western Building and 17 other properties to First Winthrop as part of a transaction worth over $400 million. [ 93 ] [ 94 ] [ d ] First Winthrop also received a $330 million mortgage from the General Electric (GE) Pension Trust and sold a $336 million ownership stake. [ 95 ] First Winthrop and GE tried to refinance the tower in the late 1980s. However, because the building had included asbestos in its construction, a large insurer would not give a loan, as the presence of asbestos was too risky for the insurer. The refinancing was canceled for an unrelated reason. [ 96 ] Restaurant Associates announced in 1988 that it would convert the Top of the Park restaurant into a private banquet facility designed by Adam Tihany . [ 50 ] [ 97 ] The same year, the Gulf and Western Building's basement was flooded in a water main break. [ 98 ] [ 99 ] The building was renamed 15 Columbus Circle in January 1989 when Gulf and Western was renamed Paramount Communications . [ 100 ] [ 101 ] By the early 1990s, Paramount occupied 85 percent of the space, taking floors 2–5 and 13–44, while BDO Seidman occupied another 12 percent. [ 4 ] 15 Columbus Circle continued to face both legal and structural issues. In late 1990, a structural engineer published a report about the facade on behalf of the building's owners. The engineer's report said that the badly misaligned facade panels could blow off during high winds and that several exterior columns had cracked. While a sidewalk scaffold had been erected around the building, the report said the panels could fall outside the area covered by the scaffold. The report recommended that "immediate remedial measures" be implemented, but no such measures were taken for over two years. [ 4 ] In 1991, GE moved to foreclose on a mortgage on 15 Columbus Circle, and the building's legal owner filed for bankruptcy protection. [ 4 ] [ 102 ] Paramount was scheduled to relocate when its lease expired in April 1995, leaving the space 85 percent vacant. The cost of repairing the windows, removing asbestos, and fixing the structural issues made the building particularly difficult to market; by 1993, no one had made an offer for the structure. [ 4 ] Trump International Hotel and Tower [ edit ] View from 61st Street GE took title to the building in early 1993, choosing that option over foreclosing on First Winthrop's loan. That year, GE conducted a $2 million renovation to stabilize the facade. [ 38 ] Concurrently, GE had hired real estate firm Galbreath Company to conduct a feasibility study for the building's future use. Galbreath recommended that 15 Columbus Circle be converted into a mixed-use property with both residential condominiums and offices. [ 103 ] In March 1994, GE hired businessman and developer Donald Trump , as well as Galbreath, to renovate the tower with residential units on the upper stories. [ 36 ] [ 91 ] [ 103 ] The lower stories would be converted into either a hotel or offices. According to Galbreath's CEO Peter Ricker, Trump was hired because "he has been successful with high-rise condos like no one else has". [ 36 ] The building's address would also be changed from 15 Columbus Circle to 1 Central Park West, a more upscale address. [ 36 ] [ 104 ] Trump considered Philip Johnson , Frank Gehry , and Robert A. M. Stern as possible architects for the conversion. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] Johnson was hired as the conversion architect in May 1994. [ 19 ] [ 105 ] [ 106 ] Ricker said the building would have to be deconstructed so its steel frame could be repaired. [ 91 ] Trump planned to have trusses and columns installed throughout the building to make the tower rigid and stable. [ 24 ] Renovation was chosen over demolition because 1 Central Park West already exceeded the maximum size of a residential building that could be built on the site, so a new building would have been ten to twelve stories shorter. [ 18 ] [ 36 ] To avoid having to demolish existing stories under zoning law, Trump split the building into permanent residential and short-term hotel components. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Office spaces were not included because, according to Galbreath's executive managing director, "the rents were not high enough to support new office construction or rehabilitation". [ 107 ] The renovation was to take two years and cost $230 million, with the building being rebranded as the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 24 ] For the renovation, the joint venture received a $15.9 million tax abatement. [ 108 ] The work could not begin until Paramount moved out. [ 41 ] BDO Seidman moved out during July 1994, freeing up most of the space not occupied by Paramount. [ 109 ] Just before the beginning of the renovation, Trump replaced the scaffolding that had surrounded 15 Columbus Circle for several years. [ 110 ] The renovations began in June 1995, after Paramount moved out. [ 111 ] Barbara Corcoran and Louise Sunshine were hired as the sales and marketing directors. Corcoran predicted that many of the units would be purchased by Asian investors. [ 24 ] By late 1995, foreign nationals made up half of the buyers for the condominium section. [ 112 ] In February 1996, Jean-Georges Vongerichten and Bob Giraldi signed a lease for the ground-floor restaurant space at the Trump International Hotel and Tower. [ 52 ] [ 113 ] Opening and early years [ edit ] The residential units of Trump International Tower opened in April 1996, at which point sales commenced on the hotel units. Marketing brochures advertised the tower as having "the most important new address in the world". [ 43 ] At the time, more than half of the residences had already been sold. [ 43 ] [ 114 ] This was in part due to what one real-estate agent described as the popularity of Trump's name among international buyers. [ 115 ] Trump and his family decided to occupy the penthouse unit of 1 Central Park West. [ 43 ] [ 116 ] Trump operated a sales office for the tower on Central Park South, with a replica of the tower as well as an eight-minute promotional film. [ 43 ] While ownership costs for the condos were initially projected to be $300/sq ft ($3,200/m 2 ), by 1997 many of the apartments had sold for $800/sq ft ($8,600/m 2 ). [ 117 ] After divorcing his wife Marla Maples , Trump rented out the penthouse in 1998, [ 66 ] [ 118 ] and Italian producer Vittorio Cecchi Gori then purchased the unit. [ 118 ] The Trump International Hotel was not yet open by December 1996, when Trump hosted a party for his New York City employees in the unfinished space. [ 119 ] The hotel started accepting guests the following month. [ 120 ] [ 121 ] According to New York magazine, only one guest checked in on the first day of the hotel's operation. [ 121 ] In response, a Trump spokesperson claimed management tried to dissuade too many guests from booking rooms there. [ 121 ] Trump called the New York story "totally incorrect", saying the hotel "has the best location in New York City in the hottest hotel market ever". [ 122 ] Though the Trump International Hotel was the first hotel to open around Columbus Circle in several decades, its completion spurred the construction of other nearby hotels like the Mandarin Oriental, New York , in the then-under-construction Time Warner Center. [ 123 ] The tower's conversion, as a whole, also influenced the development of other projects around Columbus Circle [ 124 ] and in the western portion of Midtown Manhattan . [ 125 ] While Trump did not own the building, he received a large payment from GE Pension Trust for its development, as well as a portion of profits from the sale of the condos. [ 126 ] Despite his name being on the building, he only operated the restaurant, stores, and rooftop. [ 127 ] By 2005, the Trump International Hotel and Tower had the city's most expensive rental apartment, a four-bedroom unit offered at $55,000 per month. [ 128 ] Among the units sold at the tower was an apartment that, in 2007, was sold for $18 million and resold on the same day for $21 million. [ 129 ] In mid-2009, the tower's penthouse was sold at auction for $18 million as part of a foreclosure proceeding against Cecchi Gori; at the time, it was the largest foreclosure auction in Manhattan. [ 118 ] A Russian family bought the penthouse but reneged after learning of the cost to renovate the apartment, and it was ultimately sold in late 2010 for $31 million. [ 130 ] The Trump family announced in November 2009 that it would renovate the 167 hotel rooms over the following year. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] The work was to be conducted in two phases: half of units would be renovated from January to April while the other half would be renovated from June to September. [ 132 ] The renovation was completed in September 2010 at a cost of $30 million. [ 133 ] The Jean-Georges restaurant was renovated the same year to designs by Thomas Juul-Hansen . [ 134 ] Following that, Juul-Hansen designed a renovation for Nougatine in 2012. [ 57 ] [ 135 ] After the 2016 United States presidential election , in which Trump was first elected U.S. president, the hotel became the site of occasional protests against his administration . [ 136 ] [ 137 ] By the late 2010s, residential units at the Trump International Tower were selling for over $3,000/sq ft ($32,000/m 2 ), less than units in newer skyscrapers on nearby Billionaires' Row such as 432 Park Avenue and One57 . [ 138 ] View from Columbus Circle In June 2019, several condo owners demanded that the property be known simply by its address because the Trump name was diminishing the value of the building. [ 25 ] By that August, Trump International's condominium board was considering rebranding the residential section as "One Central Park West" as part of a larger-scale renovation of the building. The hotel section would still carry the Trump name; according to The New York Times , the Trump family considered the hotel's name "untouchable" since the Trump International Hotel in New York City had been the earliest such hotel in the Trump International chain. [ 139 ] [ 140 ] While the condo board ultimately voted to keep the "Trump International" name for the residences, they also agreed to renovate the marquee on the Central Park West side of the building. [ 139 ] [ 141 ] As a compromise proposed by Trump's son Donald Trump Jr. , the sign on the marquee was changed to display Trump's name on the left and the building's address on the right. [ 142 ] An analysis, publicized in February 2024, found that the average per-square-foot cost of a condominium at the Trump International Hotel and Tower had declined since 2016, although Trump's son Eric Trump disputed the findings. [ 143 ] [ 144 ] When the Gulf and Western Building was completed, its design was much criticized. Mervyn Rothstein , in The New York Times , wrote that many critics regarded the tower as "too tall, the wrong shape for its site and completely out of context". [ 4 ] In 1977, architectural writer Paul Goldberger regarded all the buildings around Columbus Circle as having "no good architecture", writing of the Gulf and Western Building's "boredom" along with the Coliseum's "oppressiveness" and 2 Columbus Circle's "silliness". [ 145 ] Robert A. M. Stern said the Gulf and Western Building "was at once a behemoth and a banality, and its contribution to the skyline was notable only as a memorial to lost opportunity". [ 29 ] In a 1987 New York magazine poll of "more than 100 prominent New Yorkers", the Gulf and Western Building was one of the ten most disliked structures in New York City. [ 146 ] Herbert Muschamp wrote that the original design "neither holds the circle's perimeter edge nor respects the lower scale of the Central Park West buildings beyond". [ 147 ] When the hotel and residential conversion was announced, a writer for Architecture magazine said the gilded design "overpowers the circle" and the statue of Christopher Columbus at its center. [ 148 ] Writing for The New York Times in 1995, Muschamp said the design was an "undeniable improvement over the dull dark box that has loomed over this privileged location for the last 25 years", but he found issue with what he called "the symbolic stridency with which its golden skin proclaims the triumph of private enterprise in such a publicly conspicuous place". [ 23 ] [ 111 ] After writing that article, Muschamp said he got angry comments imploring him to "do something" about the design. [ 17 ] Trump, who saw Muschamp's review as negative, occasionally called the critic to ask him to review the hotel again following its opening. [ 149 ] Trump even met Muschamp at the Museum of Modern Art to discuss the review. [ 150 ] Upon the renovation's completion, the New York Daily News said that, even with the redesign by Johnson, it had received only "mixed" reception. [ 114 ] Martin Filler, writing for The New Republic in 2000, said the design went "from bad to worse", saying: "This meretricious face-lift was more in keeping with Trump's high-roller aesthetic than with the demands of decorum in high-profile public settings." [ 151 ] ^ Sometimes cited as a 45-story building [ 20 ] ^ The hotel was originally planned with 167 units. [ 23 ] [ 41 ] ^ The condominiums were originally planned with 166 units. [ 23 ] [ 41 ] ^ The Boston Globe reported the sale at $430 million. [ 95 ]
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[o]") Pages for logged out editors [learn more](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction) - [Contributions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyContributions "A list of edits made from this IP address [y]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalk "Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$) - [1 Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Site) - [2 Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Architecture) Toggle Architecture subsection - [2\.1 Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Plaza) - [2\.2 Facade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Facade) - [2\.3 Structural features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Structural_features) - [2\.4 Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Interior) - [2\.4.1 Original offices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Original_offices) - [2\.4.2 Current hotel and condominiums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Current_hotel_and_condominiums) - [3 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#History) Toggle History subsection - [3\.1 Gulf and Western Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Gulf_and_Western_Building) - [3\.1.1 Planning and construction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Planning_and_construction) - [3\.1.2 Office use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Office_use) - [3\.2 Trump International Hotel and Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower) - [3\.2.1 Renovation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Renovation) - [3\.2.2 Opening and early years](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Opening_and_early_years) - [3\.2.3 21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#21st_century) - [4 Critical reception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Critical_reception) - [5 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#See_also) - [6 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#References) Toggle References subsection - [6\.1 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Notes) - [6\.2 Citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Citations) - [6\.3 Sources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#Sources) - 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Click here for more information.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/20px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles* "This is a good article. Click here for more information.") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York This article is about the condominiums and hotel on Columbus Circle. For the condominiums and offices on Fifth Avenue, see [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower"). \| Trump International Hotel and Tower \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG/250px-4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG)The tower, with the [Columbus Circle globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle_globe "Columbus Circle globe") in front \| \| \| [![Map](https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_%28New_York_City%29&revid=1285600184&groups=_37dd80ce220f10e601dffc34255da075873d1fbc)]() \| \| \| Former names \| Gulf & Western Building \| \| General information \| \| \| Status \| Completed \| \| Type \| Residential \| \| Address \| 15 [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle") [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan"), New York, U.S. \| \| [Coordinates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system") \| [40°46′09″N 73°58′54″W / 40\.76917°N 73.98167°W / 40\.76917; -73.98167](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&params=40_46_09_N_73_58_54_W_region:US-NY_type:landmark) \| \| Construction started \| 1968 \| \| Completed \| 1970 \| \| Renovated \| 1995–1997 \| \| Height \| \| \| Roof \| 583 ft (178 m) \| \| Top floor \| 555 ft (169 m) \| \| Technical details \| \| \| Floor count \| 44 \| \| Design and construction \| \| \| Architect(s) \| [Thomas E. Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Stanley "Thomas E. Stanley") \| \| Renovating team \| \| \| Architect(s) \| [Philip Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson") and [Costas Kondylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costas_Kondylis "Costas Kondylis") \| The Trump International Hotel and Tower, originally the Gulf and Western Building, is a [high-rise building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-rise_building "High-rise building") at 15 [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle") and 1 [Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_West "Central Park West") on the [Upper West Side](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_West_Side "Upper West Side") of [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan"), New York City. It was originally designed by [Thomas E. Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Stanley "Thomas E. Stanley") as an office building and completed in 1970 as the headquarters of [Gulf and Western Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries "Gulf and Western Industries"). In the mid-1990s, a joint venture composed of the [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") Pension Fund, Galbreath Company, and developer [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") renovated the building into a hotel and residential tower. The renovation was designed by [Philip Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson") and [Costas Kondylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costas_Kondylis "Costas Kondylis"). The Trump International Hotel and Tower is 583 ft (178 m) tall and has contained 44 physical stories since it was built. The building originally had an aluminum-and-marble [facade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade "Facade") and was surrounded by a public plaza on [Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Broadway (Manhattan)") and Central Park West. There was a [movie theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater "Movie theater") and shops in the basement as well as a restaurant on the top floor. After the building was renovated, a glass facade was installed. The lower portion of the tower is used as a hotel, while the upper floors house [residential condominiums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residential_condominium "Residential condominium"). Planning for an office skyscraper on the site dates to 1965, when developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro planned to replace an existing two- or three-story building there. After the Shapiros' firm made two failed proposals for the site, [Realty Equities Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Realty_Equities_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Realty Equities Corporation (page does not exist)") took over development in 1967. Upon its completion, the building served for more than two decades. By the early 1990s, the tower was bankrupt and the GE/Galbreath/Trump joint venture had taken over the structure. Gulf and Western successor [Paramount Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Communications "Paramount Communications") occupied the building until 1995, after which it was renovated; the residences opened in 1996 and the hotel rooms opened in 1997. The hotel was renovated in 2010. ## Site \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Site")\] The Trump International Hotel and Tower is at 1 Central Park West, along the northern side of [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle"), on the [Upper West Side](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_West_Side "Upper West Side") of [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan") in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-aia4-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) It occupies a trapezoidal plot of land bounded by [Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Broadway (Manhattan)") to the west, 61st Street to the north, and Central Park West to the east. The [land lot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_lot "Land lot") covers 31,349 sq ft (2,912 m2), with a [frontage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontage "Frontage") of 261.54 ft (79.72 m) on Central Park West and a depth of 195 ft (59 m).[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) The building is abutted by [15 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_Central_Park_West "15 Central Park West") to the north, [Central Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park "Central Park") to the east, and [Deutsche Bank Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center "Deutsche Bank Center") (formerly Time Warner Center) to the south. In addition, it is across Columbus Circle from [2 Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Columbus_Circle "2 Columbus Circle") and [240 Central Park South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/240_Central_Park_South "240 Central Park South") to the south.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ZoLa-2) Entrances to the [New York City Subway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway "New York City Subway")'s [59th Street–Columbus Circle station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station "59th Street–Columbus Circle station"), served by the [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_$New_York_City_Subway_service$ "1 (New York City Subway service)"), [A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_$New_York_City_Subway_service$ "A (New York City Subway service)"), [B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_$New_York_City_Subway_service$ "B (New York City Subway service)"), [C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_$New_York_City_Subway_service$ "C (New York City Subway service)"), and [D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_$New_York_City_Subway_service$ "D (New York City Subway service)") trains, are directly outside the building.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-3) The block had contained Durland's Riding Academy in the early 20th century,[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) as well as a ball field.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84563211-5) The lot was purchased in 1911 by magazine magnate [William Randolph Hearst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst "William Randolph Hearst").[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-6) The plot was developed with the two-story American Circle Building,[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84563211-5) designed by [Charles E. Birge](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Birge&action=edit&redlink=1 "Charles E. Birge (page does not exist)"), by 1914.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-8)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-9) The building, known as the American International Building,[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10) had a [superstructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstructure "Superstructure") that could support the weight of a 30-story tower, though the additional stories were never built.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-NYCL-1625-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) Hearst had envisioned the creation of a large Midtown headquarters for his company near Columbus Circle, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-13) However, the proposal collapsed in the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression "Great Depression") and only the [Hearst Magazine Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearst_Magazine_Building "Hearst Magazine Building"), three blocks south, was built.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-NYCL-1625-11)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-14) Hearst's low-rise building on the north side of Columbus Circle remained standing until the 1960s,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) with a prominent [Coca-Cola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola "Coca-Cola") sign displaying time and temperature.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19650821-15) ## Architecture \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Architecture")\] The Trump International Hotel and Tower was originally the Gulf and Western Building, designed by [Thomas E. Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Stanley "Thomas E. Stanley") and constructed in the late 1960s.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-aia4-1)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7) It was built by [HRH Construction](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HRH_Construction&action=edit&redlink=1 "HRH Construction (page does not exist)").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-16) From 1995 to 1997, [Philip Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson") and [Costas Kondylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costas_Kondylis "Costas Kondylis") renovated the building into the current Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19951119-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18) [Cantor Seinuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor_Seinuk "Cantor Seinuk") served as the structural engineers for the renovation.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19) The 44-story building[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-21) is 583 ft (178 m) tall[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-22)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-23) and is designed with 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m2).[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24) This gives the building a [floor area ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_area_ratio "Floor area ratio") (FAR) of 18. As apartment buildings were limited to a FAR of 12, Trump divided the tower into two separate structures for [zoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning "Zoning") purposes: a 17-story hotel at the base and a 28-story residential tower above.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The tower is managed by [the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), a company run by developer and later U.S. president [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"). The hotel units are owned by the [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") (GE) Pension Trust and Galbreath & Company, who partnered with Trump in the 1990s residential conversion. The Trump Organization owns one of the condominiums, the parking garage, the restaurant space, the room-service kitchens, and the bathrooms in the lobby. The building and hotel are managed by the Trump Organization. The building's board of directors is composed of six residential owners, two hotel owners, and the president of the Trump Organization (who as of 2022[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit) is [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.")).[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20190825-26) ### Plaza \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Plaza")\] The Gulf and Western Building was initially surrounded by a public plaza slightly above the sidewalk. The Central Park West frontage was raised two steps above the sidewalk there.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118225821-27) Originally, the northwest corner of the plot had a seating area surrounding a staircase to a basement [movie theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater "Movie theater"), the Paramount Theater.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118225821-27)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28) The only aboveground portion of the theater was a cylinder 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter, which had an [LED](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode "Light-emitting diode") sign, a ticket booth, and an entrance to the theater.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29) A stair and escalators led from ground level to the theater. The stairs were illuminated by theatrical lighting and were somewhat similar to the staircases designed by [Wallace Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Harrison "Wallace Harrison") for the [Metropolitan Opera House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_$Lincoln_Center$ "Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29) The portion of the plaza at the southern tip of the plot, facing Columbus Circle, is sunken below ground level.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) The circular plaza includes a large staircase leading to the New York City Subway's 59th Street–Columbus Circle station.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118225821-27) There was also a building entrance in the sunken portion of the plaza. The sunken plaza had been added at the suggestion of by the Urban Design Group, which believed Broadway would be redeveloped significantly following the development of [Lincoln Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Center "Lincoln Center") several blocks north.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) The [Columbus Circle globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle_globe "Columbus Circle globe"), a 30-foot-wide silver [globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle_globe "Columbus Circle globe") of the Earth by artist Kim Brandell, was installed in front of the building during its conversion into the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-31) The globe is inspired by the [Unisphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unisphere "Unisphere") in [Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queens "Queens"), the [New York City borough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City "Boroughs of New York City") where Trump had grown up.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_p._15-32)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20161026-33) According to Trump, the globe had been installed at the suggestion of a [feng shui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui") consultant he had hired.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_p._15-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Jacobs_1997-01-27-34) The globe was to include the words "Trump International" in 3 ft-high (0.91 m) letters, but the letters were not installed because city officials objected to the idea.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20161026-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-35) When the globe was installed in 1997, nearby office workers complained that it was causing too much glare. The original plan had been to coat the globe in a golden surface, which would have reduced the glare, but Trump's feng shui consultants had recommended against it.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-36) ### Facade \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Facade")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg/250px-Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_Park_West_Mar_2022_55.jpg) The facade seen from 61st Street Thomas Stanley had intended the Gulf and Western Building to "provide a nice transition from Central Park", though the design was widely criticized upon the building's completion.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) The Gulf and Western Building's [facade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facade "Facade") originally had steel columns, which were clad in marble from the plaza to the fourth story. Black granite was used in the [spandrels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandrel "Spandrel") above the second-story and third-story windows, while a marble [belt course](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_course "Belt course") ran above the fourth floor.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7) The marble was meant to complement the [New York Coliseum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Coliseum "New York Coliseum") (later demolished for the Deutsche Bank Center) and 2 Columbus Circle.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12) On the fifth story and above, the facade was composed of prefabricated gray-glass windows with aluminum frames, as well as extruded vertical aluminum [mullions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullion "Mullion") that were painted white.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7) A red sign reading "G\&W" was originally mounted atop the building.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) The facade panels had become misaligned by the early 1990s,[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._775-38) which necessitated the [caulking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caulk "Caulk") of loose facade panels, as well as the installation of mullions and large pins to secure the panels.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930919-39) When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, the facade was re-clad in dark glass and steel.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19980420-40) Trump had requested that glass be used, despite the fact that some of Johnson's more contemporary projects like [550 Madison Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/550_Madison_Avenue "550 Madison Avenue") used stone.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24) Johnson had initially intended to model the new design on the [Seagram Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagram_Building "Seagram Building"), which he had helped design in the 1950s.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_pp._775-777-41) As such, the windows between the columns were originally designed as flat windows, before Johnson considered designing the openings with projecting two-sided windows instead. The final design was similar to Johnson's [One PPG Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPG_Place "PPG Place") in Pittsburgh.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The redesigned facade has non-reflective, slightly projecting three-sided windows.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The facade's steel is painted a gold color, a hue Trump used in several of his other projects.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19980420-40) Johnson attributed the gold color to Trump's preference.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) Trump had originally wanted the facade to be bright gold, but he decided to use a matte finish instead after hiring a feng shui consultant, who told him to change it to reflect the clouds in the sky.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Jacobs_1997-01-27-34)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-43) Johnson had suggested removing the glass [spandrels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandrel "Spandrel") between floors to reduce costs, but Trump declined, saying the spandrels "sparkle like a diamond".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) ### Structural features \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Structural features")\] The Gulf and Western Building was erected with a mechanical core at its center.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) The outer stories were reinforced with steel columns at intervals of 26 ft (7.9 m). When the skyscraper was constructed, it would sway slightly during strong winds.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) According to structural engineer [Ysrael Seinuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysrael_Seinuk "Ysrael Seinuk"), the building would sway as much as 2.5 ft (0.76 m) laterally because of the lack of other tall buildings nearby to absorb the wind loads.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_pp._775-777-41) Additionally, winds from the north would travel more quickly down Broadway than along Central Park West, due to the presence of a collection of tall apartment structures on Central Park West. This effectively turned the Gulf and Western Building into an [airfoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil "Airfoil"), which would twist in high winds.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) As early as 1982, structural cracks prompted the building's owner to install a wind brace from ground level to the roof, measuring 44 by 15 ft (13.4 by 4.6 m).[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) When the building was renovated in the mid-1990s, Seinuk added two concrete-and-steel [shear walls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shear_wall "Shear wall") in a cruciform arrangement.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_pp._775-777-41) Under the original renovation plans, diagonal steel trusses would have been installed in the mechanical core from the 1st to the 14th floors. The 15th and 16th stories, which were converted to mechanical stories, would have had double-height outrigger trusses connecting the core and perimeter, as well as a belt truss with inverted "V"s at the perimeter. On the upper stories, the number of columns in the periphery would have been doubled, reducing the space between columns to 13 ft (4.0 m).[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18) This plan had been abandoned by 1995 in favor of a concrete wall through the building's center, rising to the 33rd floors.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-46) ### Interior \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Interior")\] The building has a total area of 610,000 sq ft (57,000 m2).[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24) The original layout of the building had 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2) of usable space with about 13,000 sq ft (1,200 m2) on each floor.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118225821-27) When the building was converted into a hotel and residences, the top story was renumbered as floor 52; it was marketed this way since the ceilings in buildings designed for office use, such as the Gulf and Western Building, are typically higher than ceilings in residential buildings.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20161102-47) The floor numbering of the upper stories is offset by seven, so an apartment on floor 27 is actually on the 20th story. When residents buy a condominium, they sign a document that tells them about the floor-numbering discrepancy.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20030508-20) According to Trump, the building was equivalent to a standard 60-story apartment structure,[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) leading [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times") to write: "Seen this way, measuring the converted tower at 52 floors was an act of altitudinal restraint."[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20161102-47) #### Original offices \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Original offices")\] Shops and restaurants were planned on two basement levels below the plaza that surrounded the Gulf and Western Building.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7) The Paramount Theater was in the basement underneath the northern end of the building.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1971-09-29)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:2-48) It had either 532[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) or 535 seats.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:2-48) When the theater opened in 1970 with its aboveground ticket booth, Architectural Forum said: "This theater is one of the handsomest non-buildings of recent years. We could use more of them."[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AF_1970-10-28) The Paramount Theater subsequently became the Loews Columbus Circle, which was closed in the mid-1990s.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The office stories had ceiling heights of 12 ft (3.7 m), which were retained in the renovation.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) The Gulf and Western Building originally used [asbestos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos "Asbestos") as insulation, a common material used in contemporary structures at the time.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._775-38) After the building's completion, asbestos in New York City buildings was outlawed and the city passed a law that required building renovations to include asbestos removal.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-49) The top floor contained a restaurant called Top of the Park.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1972-04-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51) The restaurant had wallpaper and frosted-glass partitions with animal and plant decorations, decorated by [Ellen Lehman McCluskey](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Lehman_McCluskey&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ellen Lehman McCluskey (page does not exist)") as an allusion to animals and plants in Central Park and the [Central Park Zoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo "Central Park Zoo").[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1972-04-50) The space also had red walls and mirrors as decorations, which architectural critic [Paul Goldberger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Goldberger "Paul Goldberger") described in 1976 as "perhaps the most conspicuous missed chance of recent years in terms of restaurant design".[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-52) In 1988, Top of the Park was converted to a banquet space with a 200-person main dining room, as well as four smaller rooms fitting between 10 and 75 people.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51) #### Current hotel and condominiums \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Current hotel and condominiums")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Trump_ihny2.JPG/250px-Trump_ihny2.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_ihny2.JPG) Seen from ground level French chef [Jean-Georges Vongerichten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Georges_Vongerichten "Jean-Georges Vongerichten") was hired to operate [Jean-Georges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Georges "Jean-Georges"), a ground-story restaurant at the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:4-53)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1997-10-54) Jean-Georges, a [Michelin-starred](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin_Guide "Michelin Guide") restaurant,[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-55)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-56) serves [New French cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine "Nouvelle cuisine").[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-57) The Jean-Georges restaurant space was designed by [Adam Tihany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Tihany "Adam Tihany"), who arranged the space with both a cafe and a main dining room.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-ID_1997-10-54) Adjacent to it is Nougatine, a bar also operated by Vongerichten.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:6-58) Also within the hotel is a fitness center,[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p205998867-59) a 6,000 sq ft (560 m2) spa,[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2011-60) as well as a business center and a 15-seat boardroom.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p205998867-59) The fitness center has an indoor pool measuring 55 ft (17 m) long.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-61) The lower portion of the tower, below the 17th story, is used for hotel rooms.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p205998867-59) There are 168 hotel units[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p205998867-59)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62)[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-horsley-63)[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-64) owned by GE and Galbreath.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-horsley-63) The units include suites as well as one-bedroom and two-bedroom units. Each unit has a kitchen and large closets; originally, the rooms were all equipped with electronics like a [VCR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocassette_recorder "Videocassette recorder"), [CD player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD_player "CD player"), [fax machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax "Fax"), and TV. Forty of the suites have two bedrooms; each of these has an entry foyer with a toilet, as well as two bathrooms and a living room.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62) In addition, each hotel guest is allowed to use the "Trump Attaché" concierge service.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19970119-62)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-65) A New York Times critic described the original decor as "not exactly homey" but "highly effective" for a one-night stay.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-66) After a renovation in 2010, each room was upgraded with an HDTV.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2011-60) There are 156 condominium residences[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-67) on the upper 27 stories.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-horsley-63) Costas Kondylis designed the layout of the residences.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24) When the renovation had been completed in 1996, there had been 166 condominiums, each of which had 10 ft-tall (3.0 m) ceilings and 9 ft-tall (2.7 m) windows. The living spaces cover up 5,500 sq ft (510 m2) each.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) The condominium units vary in size and arrangement. For instance, one studio apartment has an open kitchen, as well as a long entrance gallery and large closet, while one of the one-bedroom units contains an enclosed kitchen. Some of the two- and three-bedroom units include a living/dining area, kitchen, and entrance gallery, while others include an entrance foyer, a living room–library, a dining alcove, and a kitchen.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-horsley-63) Seven of the units are larger than the others and are classified as "A-line" units;[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Cary2024-68) one of these, a four-bedroom unit on floor 48, has a separate foyer, living room, dining room, and library.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-horsley-63) Trump's penthouse, on floor 52 (the 44th story), had five bedrooms with marble-clad hallways and bathrooms.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p418535132-69) Trump was highly involved in selecting materials for the interior, choosing different woods for each of the three lobbies and picking the marble in the master bathrooms.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) He also picked finishes for the units' kitchens and bathrooms, spending \$10,000 to \$25,000 more per unit than he had at his earlier [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-70) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: History")\] Columbus Circle was redeveloped in the late 1950s and the 1960s.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._722-71) The renewal of Columbus Circle had been spurred by the development of the New York Coliseum in 1956. The developments had included the construction of 2 Columbus Circle; renovation of storefronts at 240 Central Park South; and new buildings on Broadway between [59th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_Street_$Manhattan$ "59th Street (Manhattan)") and 68th Streets, just north of Columbus Circle.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p116730078-72) ### Gulf and Western Building \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Gulf and Western Building")\] #### Planning and construction \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Planning and construction")\] In March 1965, developers Hyman R. and Irving J. Shapiro of the company Forteyn announced their intention to develop a building at 1 Central Park West,[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73) the last undeveloped site directly adjacent to Columbus Circle.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._722-71)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p116730078-72) [Harold M. Liebman Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harold_M._Liebman_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1 "Harold M. Liebman Associates (page does not exist)") had designed a 45-story structure for the site, along with a raised plaza.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._722-71)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p116730078-72)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1965-05-74) The building would have contained 500,000 sq ft (46,000 m2), with 10,500 sq ft (980 m2) on each floor, supported by the original foundations of the low-rise structure there.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73) There would have been a glass-and-aluminum facade with a marble mechanical shaft facing west.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._722-71)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19650317-73)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1965-05-74) The Coca-Cola sign of the old building was dismantled starting in August 1965.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19650821-15) The Shapiros also relocated four existing tenants of 1 Central Park West into a nearby building they owned.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-75) Demolition of the site was completed in early 1966.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10) That June, Forteyn announced that it had revised plans for the 45-story building. Rather than being an angular structure used for offices, the new plan would have offices only on its first nine stories and restaurant on the tenth story, with the address 15 Columbus Circle. The remaining stories would be cylindrical, with residences inside, and would carry the address 1 Central Park West.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19660605-10)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-76) Architectural critic [Ada Louise Huxtable](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Louise_Huxtable "Ada Louise Huxtable") regarded the plans as "ludicrous", regarding it as a cross between bow-shaped structures like the [Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_Life_Insurance_Company_Building "Phoenix Life Insurance Company Building") in [Hartford, Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford,_Connecticut "Hartford, Connecticut"), and circular towers such as [Marina City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_City "Marina City") in [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago").[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19660619-77) According to Huxtable, "The reasoning here seems to be that ... New York can go two cities one better by building both, one on top of the other".[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19660619-77)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) Forteyn was unable to proceed with construction because it could not get financing for the project.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) The site was subsequently sold to the [Investors Funding Corporation of New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Investors_Funding_Corporation_of_New_York&action=edit&redlink=1 "Investors Funding Corporation of New York (page does not exist)"), which in turn leased it to the [Realty Equities Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Realty_Equities_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Realty Equities Corporation (page does not exist)").[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p133157692-78) In October 1967, [Gulf and Western Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_and_Western_Industries "Gulf and Western Industries") officially announced it would develop the building at a cost of \$20 million.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p133157692-78) Gulf and Western planned to take the top portion of the new building; it also planned to expand into the lower stories in the future.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19671027-12)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) Realty Equities was to construct the building.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p133157692-78) A groundbreaking ceremony took place in March 1968.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p118195059-7)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p133360606-79) At that time, Gulf and Western increased its space requirements in the new building from 13 to 22 stories.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-80) Construction was almost completed by late 1969, but the elevators had not been installed. The elevator-installation workers went on strike in June 1969 and continued their strike for at least four months. As a result, other workers were forced to walk up to their respective floors, leading the city to halt work because workers would not be able to evacuate quickly in an emergency.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p133360606-79) #### Office use \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Office use")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_%28870236010%29.jpg/250px-Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_%28870236010%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Tower_$870236010$.jpg) Facade view of the Trump International Hotel and Tower The building was completed in 1970,[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-81) with the Paramount Theater opening in the basement that June.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:2-48) Cross & Brown were the leasing agents;[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-82) the tower's first lessees included accounting firm Seidman and Seidman.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-83) During the early 1970s, an awning flew off during a high wind,[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-84) and a man shot out windows in the Top of the Park restaurant, though no one was killed or seriously injured in either case.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-85)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-86) A rooftop antenna was installed at the Gulf and Western Building in 1975 to test the [Westar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westar "Westar") satellite system for [satellite television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_television "Satellite television").[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-87) The tower was also damaged in a February 1977 bombing committed by the Puerto Rican nationalist group [Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Puertorrique%C3%B1a "Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña") (FALN), but no one was killed or injured.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-88)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-89) The Gulf and Western Building was owned by billionaire businessman [John D. MacArthur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._MacArthur "John D. MacArthur") at the time of his death in 1978.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-90) In 1980, the skyscraper's management was transferred from Louis Feil to [Cushman & Wakefield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushman_%26_Wakefield "Cushman & Wakefield").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-91) At the time, the tower was owned by [Bankers Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankers_Life "Bankers Life"), which in turn was operated by the [MacArthur Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation "MacArthur Foundation").[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-92) By 1982, the Gulf and Western Building swayed so much in the wind that its core walls and stairwells had developed cracks and workers had complained of nausea.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p397877077-93) The swaying also disrupted elevator service.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p398422622-94) Some marble in the lower stories had cracked and was covered in plywood.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p397877077-93) This prompted Bankers Life to add a brace between the street and roof at a cost of more than \$10 million.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19821024-45) The MacArthur Foundation sold Bankers Life and its holdings in 1983 to Boston-based firm [First Winthrop](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Winthrop&action=edit&redlink=1 "First Winthrop (page does not exist)").[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-95) The following year, the MacArthur Foundation sold the Gulf and Western Building and 17 other properties to First Winthrop as part of a transaction worth over \$400 million.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-96)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-97)[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-99) First Winthrop also received a \$330 million mortgage from the [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") (GE) Pension Trust and sold a \$336 million ownership stake.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p294403138-98) First Winthrop and GE tried to refinance the tower in the late 1980s. However, because the building had included asbestos in its construction, a large insurer would not give a loan, as the presence of asbestos was too risky for the insurer. The refinancing was canceled for an unrelated reason.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-100) [Restaurant Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant_Associates "Restaurant Associates") announced in 1988 that it would convert the Top of the Park restaurant into a private banquet facility designed by [Adam Tihany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Tihany "Adam Tihany").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-New_York_Magazine_1988_p._8-51)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-101) The same year, the Gulf and Western Building's basement was flooded in a water main break.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-102)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-103) The building was renamed 15 Columbus Circle in January 1989 when Gulf and Western was renamed [Paramount Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Communications "Paramount Communications").[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-104)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-105) By the early 1990s, Paramount occupied 85 percent of the space, taking floors 2–5 and 13–44, while [BDO Seidman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDO_Seidman "BDO Seidman") occupied another 12 percent.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) 15 Columbus Circle continued to face both legal and structural issues. In late 1990, a structural engineer published a report about the facade on behalf of the building's owners. The engineer's report said that the badly misaligned facade panels could blow off during high winds and that several exterior columns had cracked. While a sidewalk scaffold had been erected around the building, the report said the panels could fall outside the area covered by the scaffold. The report recommended that "immediate remedial measures" be implemented, but no such measures were taken for over two years.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) In 1991, GE moved to foreclose on a mortgage on 15 Columbus Circle, and the building's legal owner filed for bankruptcy protection.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-106) Paramount was scheduled to relocate when its lease expired in April 1995, leaving the space 85 percent vacant. The cost of repairing the windows, removing asbestos, and fixing the structural issues made the building particularly difficult to market; by 1993, no one had made an offer for the structure.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) ### Trump International Hotel and Tower \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Trump International Hotel and Tower")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg/250px-2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2014_Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_from_below.jpg) View from 61st Street GE took title to the building in early 1993, choosing that option over foreclosing on First Winthrop's loan. That year, GE conducted a \$2 million renovation to stabilize the facade.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930919-39) Concurrently, GE had hired real estate firm Galbreath Company to conduct a feasibility study for the building's future use. Galbreath recommended that 15 Columbus Circle be converted into a mixed-use property with both residential condominiums and offices.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84538085-107) #### Renovation \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: Renovation")\] In March 1994, GE hired businessman and developer [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump"), as well as Galbreath, to renovate the tower with residential units on the upper stories.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p398422622-94)[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84538085-107) The lower stories would be converted into either a hotel or offices. According to Galbreath's CEO Peter Ricker, Trump was hired because "he has been successful with high-rise condos like no one else has".[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) The building's address would also be changed from 15 Columbus Circle to 1 Central Park West, a more upscale address.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-108) Trump considered [Philip Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Johnson "Philip Johnson"), [Frank Gehry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehry "Frank Gehry"), and [Robert A. M. Stern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._M._Stern "Robert A. M. Stern") as possible architects for the conversion.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37)[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._775-38) Johnson was hired as the conversion architect in May 1994.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940508-19)[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-109)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-110) Ricker said the building would have to be deconstructed so its steel frame could be repaired.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p398422622-94) Trump planned to have [trusses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truss "Truss") and columns installed throughout the building to make the tower rigid and stable.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) Renovation was chosen over demolition because 1 Central Park West already exceeded the maximum size of a residential building that could be built on the site, so a new building would have been ten to twelve stories shorter.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-AR_1994-09-18)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940323-37) To avoid having to demolish existing stories under zoning law, Trump split the building into permanent residential and short-term hotel components.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) Office spaces were not included because, according to Galbreath's executive managing director, "the rents were not high enough to support new office construction or rehabilitation".[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-111) The renovation was to take two years and cost \$230 million, with the building being rebranded as the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) For the renovation, the joint venture received a \$15.9 million tax abatement.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-112) The work could not begin until Paramount moved out.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) BDO Seidman moved out during July 1994, freeing up most of the space not occupied by Paramount.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-113) Just before the beginning of the renovation, Trump replaced the scaffolding that had surrounded 15 Columbus Circle for several years.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-114) The renovations began in June 1995, after Paramount moved out.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950621-115) [Barbara Corcoran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Corcoran "Barbara Corcoran") and [Louise Sunshine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Sunshine "Louise Sunshine") were hired as the sales and marketing directors. Corcoran predicted that many of the units would be purchased by Asian investors.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19940717-25) By late 1995, foreign nationals made up half of the buyers for the condominium section.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-116) In February 1996, [Jean-Georges Vongerichten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Georges_Vongerichten "Jean-Georges Vongerichten") and [Bob Giraldi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Giraldi "Bob Giraldi") signed a lease for the ground-floor restaurant space at the Trump International Hotel and Tower.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:4-53)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-117) #### Opening and early years \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Opening and early years")\] The residential units of Trump International Tower opened in April 1996, at which point sales commenced on the hotel units. Marketing brochures advertised the tower as having "the most important new address in the world".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) At the time, more than half of the residences had already been sold.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84564137-118) This was in part due to what one real-estate agent described as the popularity of Trump's name among international buyers.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-119) Trump and his family decided to occupy the penthouse unit of 1 Central Park West.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-120) Trump operated a sales office for the tower on Central Park South, with a replica of the tower as well as an eight-minute promotional film.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19960425-44) While ownership costs for the condos were initially projected to be \$300/sq ft (\$3,200/m2), by 1997 many of the apartments had sold for \$800/sq ft (\$8,600/m2).[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-121) After divorcing his wife [Marla Maples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marla_Maples "Marla Maples"), Trump rented out the penthouse in 1998,[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p418535132-69)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122) and Italian producer [Vittorio Cecchi Gori](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittorio_Cecchi_Gori "Vittorio Cecchi Gori") then purchased the unit.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122) The Trump International Hotel was not yet open by December 1996, when Trump hosted a party for his New York City employees in the unfinished space.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-123) The hotel started accepting guests the following month.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-124)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) According to [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_$magazine$ "New York (magazine)") magazine, only one guest checked in on the first day of the hotel's operation.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) In response, a Trump spokesperson claimed management tried to dissuade too many guests from booking rooms there.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Landman_1997-01-27-125) Trump called the New York story "totally incorrect", saying the hotel "has the best location in New York City in the hottest hotel market ever".[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-126) Though the Trump International Hotel was the first hotel to open around Columbus Circle in several decades, its completion spurred the construction of other nearby hotels like the [Mandarin Oriental, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Oriental,_New_York "Mandarin Oriental, New York"), in the then-under-construction Time Warner Center.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-127) The tower's conversion, as a whole, also influenced the development of other projects around Columbus Circle[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-128) and in the western portion of [Midtown Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan "Midtown Manhattan").[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-129) #### 21st century \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: 21st century")\] While Trump did not own the building, he received a large payment from GE Pension Trust for its development, as well as a portion of profits from the sale of the condos.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-130) Despite his name being on the building, he only operated the restaurant, stores, and rooftop.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-131) By 2005, the Trump International Hotel and Tower had the city's most expensive rental apartment, a four-bedroom unit offered at \$55,000 per month.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-132) Among the units sold at the tower was an apartment that, in 2007, was sold for \$18 million and resold on the same day for \$21 million.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-133) In mid-2009, the tower's penthouse was sold at auction for \$18 million as part of a foreclosure proceeding against Cecchi Gori; at the time, it was the largest foreclosure auction in Manhattan.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20090702-122) A Russian family bought the penthouse but reneged after learning of the cost to renovate the apartment, and it was ultimately sold in late 2010 for \$31 million.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-134) The [Trump family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") announced in November 2009 that it would renovate the 167 hotel rooms over the following year.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-135)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2009-136) The work was to be conducted in two phases: half of units would be renovated from January to April while the other half would be renovated from June to September.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Luxury_Travel_Magazine_2009-136) The renovation was completed in September 2010 at a cost of \$30 million.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-137) The Jean-Georges restaurant was renovated the same year to designs by [Thomas Juul-Hansen](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Juul-Hansen&action=edit&redlink=1 "Thomas Juul-Hansen (page does not exist)").[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-138) Following that, Juul-Hansen designed a renovation for Nougatine in 2012.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-:6-58)[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-139) After the [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election"), in which Trump was first elected U.S. president, the hotel became the site of occasional [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") against [his administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump").[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-140)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-141) By the late 2010s, residential units at the Trump International Tower were selling for over \$3,000/sq ft (\$32,000/m2), less than units in newer skyscrapers on nearby [Billionaires' Row](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billionaires%27_Row "Billionaires' Row") such as [432 Park Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/432_Park_Avenue "432 Park Avenue") and [One57](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One57 "One57").[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-142) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg/250px-Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_Trump_Tower_2.jpg) View from Columbus Circle In June 2019, several condo owners demanded that the property be known simply by its address because the Trump name was diminishing the value of the building.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20190825-26) By that August, Trump International's condominium board was considering rebranding the residential section as "One Central Park West" as part of a larger-scale renovation of the building. The hotel section would still carry the Trump name; according to The New York Times, the Trump family considered the hotel's name "untouchable" since the Trump International Hotel in New York City had been the earliest such hotel in the Trump International chain.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt-2019-08-25-143)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-144) While the condo board ultimately voted to keep the "Trump International" name for the residences, they also agreed to renovate the marquee on the Central Park West side of the building.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt-2019-08-25-143)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Cohen2019-145) As a compromise proposed by Trump's son [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr."), the sign on the marquee was changed to display Trump's name on the left and the building's address on the right.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Chan_2022-146) An analysis, publicized in February 2024, found that the average per-square-foot cost of a condominium at the Trump International Hotel and Tower had declined since 2016, although Trump's son [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") disputed the findings.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Callimachi_2024_b498-147)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Rissman_2024_v265-148) ## Critical reception \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: Critical reception")\] When the Gulf and Western Building was completed, its design was much criticized. [Mervyn Rothstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mervyn_Rothstein&action=edit&redlink=1 "Mervyn Rothstein (page does not exist)"), in The New York Times, wrote that many critics regarded the tower as "too tall, the wrong shape for its site and completely out of context".[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19930131-4) In 1977, architectural writer [Paul Goldberger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Goldberger "Paul Goldberger") regarded all the buildings around Columbus Circle as having "no good architecture", writing of the Gulf and Western Building's "boredom" along with the Coliseum's "oppressiveness" and 2 Columbus Circle's "silliness".[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-149) Robert A. M. Stern said the Gulf and Western Building "was at once a behemoth and a banality, and its contribution to the skyline was notable only as a memorial to lost opportunity".[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$1995$_p._723-30) In a 1987 New York magazine poll of "more than 100 prominent New Yorkers", the Gulf and Western Building was one of the ten most disliked structures in New York City.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-150) [Herbert Muschamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Muschamp "Herbert Muschamp") wrote that the original design "neither holds the circle's perimeter edge nor respects the lower scale of the Central Park West buildings beyond".[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-151) When the hotel and residential conversion was announced, a writer for Architecture magazine said the gilded design "overpowers the circle" and the [statue of Christopher Columbus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Monument_$New_York_City$ "Columbus Monument (New York City)") at its center.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-152) Writing for The New York Times in 1995, Muschamp said the design was an "undeniable improvement over the dull dark box that has loomed over this privileged location for the last 25 years", but he found issue with what he called "the symbolic stridency with which its golden skin proclaims the triumph of private enterprise in such a publicly conspicuous place".[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950621-115) After writing that article, Muschamp said he got angry comments imploring him to "do something" about the design.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19951119-17) Trump, who saw Muschamp's review as negative, occasionally called the critic to ask him to review the hotel again following its opening.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-153) Trump even met Muschamp at the [Museum of Modern Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art "Museum of Modern Art") to discuss the review.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-154) Upon the renovation's completion, the New York Daily News said that, even with the redesign by Johnson, it had received only "mixed" reception.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-n84564137-118) Martin Filler, writing for [The New Republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Republic "The New Republic") in 2000, said the design went "from bad to worse", saying: "This meretricious face-lift was more in keeping with Trump's high-roller aesthetic than with the demands of decorum in high-profile public settings."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-155) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: See also")\] - [List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan "List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan") - [List of hotels in New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_New_York_City "List of hotels in New York City") ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: References")\] ### Notes \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: Notes")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-21) Sometimes cited as a 45-story building[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt20030508-20) 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-64) The hotel was originally planned with 167 units.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-67) The condominiums were originally planned with 166 units.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-Stern_$2006$_p._777-24)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-nyt19950115-42) 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-99) The Boston Globe reported the sale at \$430 million.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_note-p294403138-98) ### Citations \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: Citations")\] 1. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-aia4_1-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-aia4_1-1) [White, Norval](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norval_White "Norval White") & Willensky, Elliot (2000). [AIA Guide to New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City "AIA Guide to New York City")* (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 316. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8129-3107-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5") . 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-ZoLa_2-2) ["1 Central Park West, 10023"](https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/1113/7502). [New York City Department of City Planning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_City_Planning "New York City Department of City Planning"). Retrieved September 8, 2020. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-3)* ["MTA Neighborhood Maps: 59 St-Columbus Cir (1)"](https://new.mta.info/document/2011). [mta.info](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority "Metropolitan Transportation Authority"). [Metropolitan Transportation Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority "Metropolitan Transportation Authority"). 2018. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201029050619/https://new.mta.info/document/2011) from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2018. 4. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-7) [i](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19930131_4-8) Rothstein, Mervyn (January 31, 1993). ["Commercial Property: The Gulf and Western Building; Twisting in the Wind On Columbus Circle"](https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/31/realestate/commercial-property-gulf-ands-western-building-twisting-wind-columbus-circle.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171014083849/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/31/realestate/commercial-property-gulf-ands-western-building-twisting-wind-columbus-circle.html) from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2017. 5. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-n84563211_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-n84563211_5-1) ["The Circle of Life"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84563211/the-circle-of-life/). New York Daily News. September 6, 1998. p. 1481. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210904021730/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84563211/the-circle-of-life/) from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-6)* ["Hearst Buys Block in Columbus Circle; Site of Old Durland Riding Academy Taken for a Building for His Newspapers"](https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/29/archives/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html). The New York Times. June 29, 1911. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175241/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/29/archives/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2020. 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-p118195059_7-7) "News of Realty: Tower Going Up: Work Starts On \$20-million Building at Columbus Circle". The New York Times. March 26, 1968. p. 72. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [118195059](https://www.proquest.com/docview/118195059). 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-8)* ["W. R. Hearst's Columbus Circle Building"](https://www.nytimes.com/1914/10/04/archives/w-r-hearsts-columbus-circle-building.html). The New York Times. October 4, 1914. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175247/https://www.nytimes.com/1914/10/04/archives/w-r-hearsts-columbus-circle-building.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2020. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-9) ["Renewed Activity at Columbus Circle"](https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_054&page=ldpd_7031148_054_00000301&no=1). The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide. Vol. 94, no. 2423. August 22, 1914. pp. 202–204\. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175437/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/document.php?vol=ldpd_7031148_054&page=ldpd_7031148_054_00000301&no=1) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021 – via [columbia.edu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University"). 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19660605_10-2) Fowler, Glenn (June 5, 1966). ["A Circular Tower To Rise in Triangle At Columbus Circle; A Circular Tower Is Planned in City"](https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/05/archives/a-circular-tower-to-rise-in-triangle-at-columbus-circle-a-circular.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831182841/https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/05/archives/a-circular-tower-to-rise-in-triangle-at-columbus-circle-a-circular.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021. 11. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_11-1) ["Hearst Magazine Building"](http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1625.pdf) (PDF). [New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission "New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission"). February 16, 1988. pp. 3–4\. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175243/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1625.pdf) (PDF) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2020. 12. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19671027_12-4) Fried, Joseph P. (October 27, 1967). ["Columbus Circle to Get 44-Story Building; Gulf & Western Will Consolidate Offices on Triangle Site"](https://www.nytimes.com/1967/10/27/archives/columbus-circle-to-get-44story-building-gulf-western-will.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175243/https://www.nytimes.com/1967/10/27/archives/columbus-circle-to-get-44story-building-gulf-western-will.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-13)* Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). [New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars](https://archive.org/details/newyork1930archi0000ster). New York: Rizzoli. p. 619. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-8478-3096-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [13860977](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13860977). 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-14) Swanberg, William Andrew (1961). [Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst](https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ). Bantam books. Scribner. pp. 484–485\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780684171470](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684171470 "Special:BookSources/9780684171470") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175241/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_isbn_date "Help:CS1 errors")) 15. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19650821_15-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19650821_15-1) Blumenthal, Ralph (August 21, 1965). ["Columbus Circle Thermometer Is Dropping for the Last Time; Columbus Circle Thermometer Is Dropping for the Last Time"](https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/21/archives/columbus-circle-thermometer-is-dropping-for-the-last-time-columbus.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210831182838/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/21/archives/columbus-circle-thermometer-is-dropping-for-the-last-time-columbus.html) from the original on August 31, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-16)* Robbins, Tom (November 3, 1994). ["Probers rip builder-mob tie"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83880364/probers-rip-builder-mob-tie/). New York Daily News. p. 754. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210821205923/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83880364/probers-rip-builder-mob-tie/) from the original on August 21, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021. 17. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19951119_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-nyt19951119_17-1) Muschamp, Herbert (November 19, 1995). 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["What Real Estate Does Trump Own in NYC Anyway?"](https://www.curbed.com/2022/10/trump-lawsuit-real-estate-nyc-letitia-james.html). Curbed. Retrieved February 22, 2023. 143. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-Callimachi_2024_b498_147-0) Callimachi, Rukmini (February 18, 2024). ["In New York, the Trump Brand Is Costing Some Condo Owners"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/18/realestate/trump-condos-prices-nyc.html). The New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2024. 144. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-Rissman_2024_v265_148-0) Rissman, Kelly (February 18, 2024). ["Trump-branded condos sell for less than properties that remove his name, says report"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-brand-condos-properties-b2498272.html). The Independent. Retrieved February 19, 2024. 145. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-149) Goldberger, Paul (December 9, 1977). ["Metropolitan Baedeker"](https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/09/archives/central-park-south-is-for-strolling-a-sense-of-bustle-makes-it.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201030090803/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/09/archives/central-park-south-is-for-strolling-a-sense-of-bustle-makes-it.html) from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2021. 146. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-150) Story, Richard David (June 15, 1987). ["The Buildings New Yorkers Love to Hate"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ruMCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31). New York Magazine. pp. 30–35\. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210901124005/https://books.google.com/books?id=ruMCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31) from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. 147. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-151) Muschamp, Herbert (March 27, 1994). ["An Appraisal; Columbus Circle's Changing Face: More Than Geometry"](https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/27/nyregion/an-appraisal-columbus-circle-s-changing-face-more-than-geometry.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210901183502/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/27/nyregion/an-appraisal-columbus-circle-s-changing-face-more-than-geometry.html) from the original on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021. 148. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-152) Cramer, Ned (July 1996). ["Urbanism Trumped on Columbus Circle"](https://usmodernist.org/AJ/AJ-1996-07.pdf) (PDF). Journal of the American Institute of Architects. Vol. 85. p. 51. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210904021725/https://usmodernist.org/AJ/AJ-1996-07.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 4, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. 149. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-153) Muschamp, Herbert (November 5, 1997). ["Critic's Notebook; A Midas of the Gold (Yes, I Do Mean Gold) Cudgel"](https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/05/arts/critic-s-notebook-a-midas-of-the-gold-yes-i-do-mean-gold-cudgel.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210902202324/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/05/arts/critic-s-notebook-a-midas-of-the-gold-yes-i-do-mean-gold-cudgel.html) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. 150. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-154) Deb, Sopan (January 31, 2017). ["Trump Scorns the Pop Culture World He Once Cultivated"](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/arts/trump-scorns-the-pop-culture-world-he-once-cultivated.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210902214203/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/31/arts/trump-scorns-the-pop-culture-world-he-once-cultivated.html) from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021. 151. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$#cite_ref-155) Filler, Martin (September 4, 2000). "Goodbye, Columbus". The New Republic. Vol. 223, no. 9/10. pp. 30–33\. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [212807978](https://www.proquest.com/docview/212807978). ### Sources \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Sources")\] - Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). [New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium](https://archive.org/details/newyork2000archi0000ster). New York: Monacelli Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-58093-177-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-177-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-58093-177-9") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [70267065](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70267065). [OL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_$identifier$ "OL (identifier)") [22741487M](https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22741487M). - Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). [New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial](https://archive.org/details/newyork1960archi0000ster). New York: Monacelli Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [1-885254-02-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4 "Special:BookSources/1-885254-02-4") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [32159240](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32159240). [OL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_$identifier$ "OL (identifier)") [1130718M](https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1130718M). ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: External links")\] - [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_York_City$ "commons:Category:Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)") at Wikimedia Commons - [Official website](http://www.trumphotels.com/central-park) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Upper_West_Side "Template:Upper West Side") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Upper_West_Side "Template talk:Upper West Side") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Upper_West_Side "Special:EditPage/Template:Upper West Side")[Upper West Side](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_West_Side "Upper West Side") (including [Lincoln Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan "Lincoln Square, Manhattan"), [Manhattan Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Valley "Manhattan Valley"), [Riverside South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan "Riverside South, Manhattan")) \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan"), [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") \| \| \| Buildings \| \| \| \| \| \| 59th–72nd Sts \| [1 Lincoln Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Lincoln_Plaza "1 Lincoln Plaza") [1 Riverside Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Riverside_Park "One Riverside Park") [5 West 63rd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_West_63rd_Street "5 West 63rd Street") [15 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_Central_Park_West "15 Central Park West") [27 West 67th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27_West_67th_Street "27 West 67th Street") [50 West 66th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_West_66th_Street "50 West 66th Street") [55 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55_Central_Park_West "55 Central Park West") [101 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/101_Central_Park_West "101 Central Park West") [200 Amsterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Amsterdam "200 Amsterdam") [Bradford Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "Bradford Hotel (New York City)") [The Brentmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brentmore "The Brentmore") [The Century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_$apartment_building$ "The Century (apartment building)") [Deutsche Bank Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center "Deutsche Bank Center") [The Dorilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dorilton "The Dorilton") [Empire Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empire_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "The Empire Hotel (New York City)") [First Battery Armory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battery_Armory "First Battery Armory") [Harperly Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harperly_Hall "Harperly Hall") [IRT Powerhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRT_Powerhouse "IRT Powerhouse") [Hotel des Artistes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_des_Artistes "Hotel des Artistes") [Lincoln Towers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Towers "Lincoln Towers") [The Majestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Majestic_$apartment_building$ "The Majestic (apartment building)") [Millennium Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Tower_$New_York_City$ "Millennium Tower (New York City)") [Park Loggia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Loggia "Park Loggia") [The Prasada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prasada "The Prasada") [Pythian Temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythian_Temple_$New_York_City$ "Pythian Temple (New York City)") [The Sofia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sofia "The Sofia") [Trump International Hotel and Tower]() [Waterline Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterline_Square "Waterline Square") \| \| 72nd–86th Sts \| [257 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/257_Central_Park_West "257 Central Park West") [520 West End Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/520_West_End_Avenue "520 West End Avenue") [The Ansonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ansonia "The Ansonia") [The Apthorp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apthorp "The Apthorp") [Apple Bank Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Bank_Building "Apple Bank Building") [The Astor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Astor "The Astor") [Hotel Beacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Beacon "Hotel Beacon") [Hotel Belleclaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Belleclaire "Hotel Belleclaire") [The Beresford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beresford "The Beresford") [Bretton Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Hall_$Manhattan$ "Bretton Hall (Manhattan)") [The Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dakota "The Dakota") [Endicott Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endicott_Hotel "Endicott Hotel") [The Greystone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greystone "The Greystone") [The Kenilworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Kenilworth "The Kenilworth") [The Langham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Langham_$apartment_building$ "The Langham (apartment building)") [The Level Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Level_Club "The Level Club") [Olcott Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olcott_Hotel "Olcott Hotel") [Public School 9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_School_9_$historic_building$ "Public School 9 (historic building)") [Red House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_House_$Manhattan$ "Red House (Manhattan)") [Rossleigh Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossleigh_Court "Rossleigh Court") [The San Remo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_San_Remo "The San Remo") \| \| 86th–110th Sts \| [161 West 93rd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/161_West_93rd_Street "161 West 93rd Street") [353 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/353_Central_Park_West "353 Central Park West") [360 Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/360_Central_Park_West "360 Central Park West") [370 Riverside Drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/370_Riverside_Drive "370 Riverside Drive") [601 West End Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/601_West_End_Avenue "601 West End Avenue") [The Ariel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ariel "The Ariel") [Association Residence Nursing Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_Residence_Nursing_Home "Association Residence Nursing Home") [Astor Court Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_Court_Building "Astor Court Building") [The Belnord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Belnord "The Belnord") [Claremont Riding Academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claremont_Riding_Academy "Claremont Riding Academy") [Cleburne Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleburne_Building "Cleburne Building") [Columbus Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Square_$New_York_City$ "Columbus Square (New York City)") [The Cornwall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cornwall "The Cornwall") [The El Dorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_El_Dorado "The El Dorado") [Frederick Douglass Houses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Houses "Frederick Douglass Houses") [Hotel Marseilles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Marseilles "Hotel Marseilles") [Hotel Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Paris_$New_York_City$ "Hotel Paris (New York City)") [Isaac L. Rice Mansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_L._Rice_Mansion "Isaac L. Rice Mansion") [The Manhasset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manhasset "The Manhasset") [Master Apartments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Apartments "Master Apartments") [New York Cancer Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Cancer_Hospital "New York Cancer Hospital") [The Normandy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Normandy "The Normandy") [Pomander Walk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomander_Walk "Pomander Walk") [Schinasi Mansion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schinasi_Mansion "Schinasi Mansion") [The Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Turin "The Turin") \| \| Former \| [Apthorp Farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apthorp_Farm "Apthorp Farm") [Astor Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_Market "Astor Market") [Charles M. Schwab House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_M._Schwab_House "Charles M. Schwab House") [Lincoln Arcade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Arcade "Lincoln Arcade") [Somerindyck House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerindyck_House "Somerindyck House") \| \| Culture \| \| \| \| \| \| Shops, restaurants \| [Asiate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiate "Asiate") [Atlantic Grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Grill "Atlantic Grill") [Barney Greengrass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_Greengrass "Barney Greengrass") [Essential by Christophe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_by_Christophe "Essential by Christophe") [Jean-Georges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Georges "Jean-Georges") [Lucciola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucciola_$restaurant$ "Lucciola (restaurant)") [Murray's Sturgeon Shop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop "Murray's Sturgeon Shop") [Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salumeria_Rosi_Parmacotto "Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto") [Zabar's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabar%27s "Zabar's") \| \| Museums \| [American Museum of Natural History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History "American Museum of Natural History") [Children's Museum of Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Manhattan "Children's Museum of Manhattan") [Museum of Biblical Art](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_$New_York_City$ "Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)") [New York Historical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Historical "New York Historical") \| \| Theaters/performing arts \| \| \| \| \| \| Lincoln Center \| [Alice Tully Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall "Alice Tully Hall") [David Geffen Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall "David Geffen Hall") [David H. Koch Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Koch_Theater "David H. Koch Theater") [Rose Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center "Jazz at Lincoln Center") [Metropolitan Opera House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_$Lincoln_Center$ "Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)") [Vivian Beaumont Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater "Vivian Beaumont Theater") [Walter Reade Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Reade_Theater "Walter Reade Theater") \| \| Former \| [Andanada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andanada "Andanada") [Café des Artistes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_Artistes "Café des Artistes") [Century Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_Theatre_$Central_Park_West$ "Century Theatre (Central Park West)") [Dovetail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovetail_$restaurant$ "Dovetail (restaurant)") [Eighty One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighty_One "Eighty One") [Metro Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Theater_$New_York_City$ "Metro Theater (New York City)") [Mikell's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikell%27s "Mikell's") [Nicholas Roerich Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich_Museum "Nicholas Roerich Museum") [A Photographer's Gallery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Photographer%27s_Gallery "A Photographer's Gallery") [Telepan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepan "Telepan") \| \| Green spaces and recreation \| \| \| [Central Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park "Central Park") [Damrosch Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damrosch_Park "Damrosch Park") [Riverside Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Park_$Manhattan$ "Riverside Park (Manhattan)") [Sherman Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Square "Sherman Square") [Septuagesimo Uno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septuagesimo_Uno "Septuagesimo Uno") [Verdi Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdi_Square "Verdi Square") [West Side Community Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Side_Community_Garden "West Side Community Garden") \| \| \| Education \| \| \| \| \| \| Primary and secondary \| [The Anderson School PS 334](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anderson_School_PS_334 "The Anderson School PS 334") [Calhoun School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_School "Calhoun School") [Collegiate School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collegiate_School_$New_York_City$ "Collegiate School (New York City)") [Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School "Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School") [Dwight School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_School "Dwight School") [Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_A._Reynolds_West_Side_High_School "Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School") [Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School "Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School") [Gateway School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_School "Gateway School") [Innovation Diploma Plus High School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation_Diploma_Plus_High_School "Innovation Diploma Plus High School") [Manhattan Day School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Day_School "Manhattan Day School") [PS 9 Sarah Anderson School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS_9_Sarah_Anderson_School "PS 9 Sarah Anderson School") [PS 166](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS_166_$Manhattan$ "PS 166 (Manhattan)") [The School at Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University "The School at Columbia University") [Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Schechter_School_of_Manhattan "Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan") [Stephen Gaynor School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Gaynor_School "Stephen Gaynor School") [Studio Maestro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_Maestro "Studio Maestro") [Trinity School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_School_$New_York_City$ "Trinity School (New York City)") \| \| Post-secondary \| [Bard Graduate Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bard_Graduate_Center "Bard Graduate Center") [Fordham University School of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordham_University_School_of_Law "Fordham University School of Law") [William E. Macaulay Honors College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Macaulay_Honors_College "William E. Macaulay Honors College") [Yeshivat Hadar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshivat_Hadar "Yeshivat Hadar") \| \| Music schools \| [Bloomingdale School of Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomingdale_School_of_Music "Bloomingdale School of Music") [Kaufman Music Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufman_Music_Center "Kaufman Music Center") [Mannes School of Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannes_School_of_Music "Mannes School of Music") \| \| Religion \| \| \| \| \| \| Churches, chapels \| [Advent Lutheran Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advent_Lutheran_Church_$New_York_City$ "Advent Lutheran Church (New York City)") [All Angels' Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Angels%27_Church "All Angels' Church") [Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annunciation_Greek_Orthodox_Church_$Manhattan$ "Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)") [Broadway United Church of Christ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_United_Church_of_Christ "Broadway United Church of Christ") [Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_%26_Saint_Stephen%27s_Episcopal_Church "Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church") [Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Paul_and_St._Andrew_$New_York_City$ "Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City)") [Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Roman_Catholic_$Manhattan$ "Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic (Manhattan)") [Church of the Blessed Sacrament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament_$Manhattan$ "Church of the Blessed Sacrament (Manhattan)") [First Baptist Church in the City of New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York "First Baptist Church in the City of New York") [First Church of Christ, Scientist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_$New_York_City$ "First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)") [Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Universalist_Society_in_the_City_of_New_York "Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York") [Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Roman_Catholic_Church_$Manhattan$ "Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church (Manhattan)") [Holy Trinity Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church_$Manhattan$ "Holy Trinity Church (Manhattan)") [Holy Trinity Lutheran Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Lutheran_Church_$Manhattan$ "Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Manhattan)") [Riverside Memorial Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Memorial_Chapel "Riverside Memorial Chapel") [Rutgers Presbyterian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_Presbyterian_Church "Rutgers Presbyterian Church") [St. Agnes Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Agnes_Chapel_$New_York_City$ "St. Agnes Chapel (New York City)") [Second Church of Christ, Scientist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_$Manhattan$ "Second Church of Christ, Scientist (Manhattan)") [St. Gregory the Great Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Gregory_the_Great_Church_$Manhattan$ "St. Gregory the Great Church (Manhattan)") [St. Ignatius of Antioch Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Ignatius_of_Antioch_Church_$New_York_City$ "St. Ignatius of Antioch Church (New York City)") [St. Michael's Episcopal Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Episcopal_Church_$Manhattan$ "St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)") [Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Manhattan "Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan") [West End Collegiate Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_End_Collegiate_Church "West End Collegiate Church") [West-Park Presbyterian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Park_Presbyterian_Church "West-Park Presbyterian Church") \| \| Synagogues \| [Ansche Chesed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansche_Chesed "Ansche Chesed") [B'nai Jeshurun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%27nai_Jeshurun_$Manhattan$ "B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)") [Congregation Habonim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Habonim "Congregation Habonim") [Congregation Ohab Zedek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Ohab_Zedek "Congregation Ohab Zedek") [Congregation Rodeph Sholom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Rodeph_Sholom_$Manhattan$ "Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan)") [Congregation Shaare Zedek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Zedek_$Manhattan$ "Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)") [Congregation Shearith Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel "Congregation Shearith Israel") [Jewish Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Center_$Manhattan$ "Jewish Center (Manhattan)") [Lincoln Square Synagogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Square_Synagogue "Lincoln Square Synagogue") [Ramath Orah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramath_Orah "Ramath Orah") [Stephen Wise Free Synagogue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Wise_Free_Synagogue "Stephen Wise Free Synagogue") \| \| Transportation \| \| \| \| \| \| [Subway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway "New York City Subway") stations \| [59th Street–Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station "59th Street–Columbus Circle station") [66th Street–Lincoln Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station "66th Street–Lincoln Center station") [72nd Street/Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [72nd Street/Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [79th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [81st Street–Museum of Natural History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station "81st Street–Museum of Natural History station") [86th Street/Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86th_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [86th Street/Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [96th Street/Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96th_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [96th Street/Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [103rd Street/Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103rd_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [103rd Street/Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103rd_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") \| \| Streets \| [66th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_Street_$Manhattan$ "66th Street (Manhattan)") [72nd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Street_$Manhattan$ "72nd Street (Manhattan)") [74th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/74th_Street_$Manhattan$ "74th Street (Manhattan)") [79th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Street_$Manhattan$ "79th Street (Manhattan)") [85th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/85th_Street_$Manhattan$ "85th Street (Manhattan)") [89th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/89th_Street_$Manhattan$ "89th Street (Manhattan)") [95th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/95th_Street_$Manhattan$ "95th Street (Manhattan)") [96th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96th_Street_$Manhattan$ "96th Street (Manhattan)") [Amsterdam Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_$Manhattan$ "Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)") [Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Broadway (Manhattan)") [Central Park West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_$Manhattan$ "Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)") [Columbus Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_$Manhattan$ "Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)") [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle") [Frederick Douglass Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle "Frederick Douglass Circle") [Riverside Drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Drive_$Manhattan$ "Riverside Drive (Manhattan)") [West End Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_$Manhattan$ "Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)") \| \| Other \| [New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad_69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge "New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge") [79th Street Boat Basin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Street_Boat_Basin "79th Street Boat Basin") \| \| Related topics \| \| \| [Central Park West Historic District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_West_Historic_District "Central Park West Historic District") [Manhattantown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattantown "Manhattantown") [San Juan Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan "San Juan Hill, Manhattan") \| \| \| See also: [Manhattan Community Board 7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7 "Manhattan Community Board 7") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Template:Broadway (Manhattan)") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Template talk:Broadway (Manhattan)") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Special:EditPage/Template:Broadway (Manhattan)")[Structures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan "List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan") on [Broadway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_$Manhattan$ "Broadway (Manhattan)") in [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan "Manhattan") and [the Bronx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx "The Bronx") \| \|---\| \| Buildings ([The Battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Battery_$Manhattan$ "The Battery (Manhattan)") – [Houston Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Street "Houston Street")) \| \| [U.S. Custom House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House "Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House") [One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Broadway "1 Broadway") [Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Broadway "2 Broadway") [11 (Bowling Green Offices)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_Green_Offices_Building "Bowling Green Offices Building") [25 (Cunard)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunard_Building_$New_York_City$ "Cunard Building (New York City)") [26 (Standard Oil)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_Broadway "26 Broadway") [52](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/52_Broadway "52 Broadway") [61 (Adams Express)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Express_Building "Adams Express Building") [65 (American Express)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_Broadway "65 Broadway") [1 Wall Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Wall_Street "1 Wall Street") [71 (Empire)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_Building_$Manhattan$ "Empire Building (Manhattan)") [75 (Trinity Church)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_$Manhattan$ "Trinity Church (Manhattan)") [100 (American Surety)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Surety_Building "American Surety Building") [111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_and_United_States_Realty_Buildings "Trinity and United States Realty Buildings") [120 (Equitable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equitable_Building_$Manhattan$ "Equitable Building (Manhattan)") [140 (Marine Midland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/140_Broadway "140 Broadway") [165 (One Liberty Plaza)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Liberty_Plaza "One Liberty Plaza") [195](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/195_Broadway "195 Broadway") [200 (Fulton Center)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_Center "Fulton Center") [Corbin Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbin_Building "Corbin Building") 209 [St. Paul's Chapel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Chapel "St. Paul's Chapel") [Trinity Church Cemetery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_Cemetery "Trinity Church Cemetery") [Transportation (225)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_Building_$Manhattan$ "Transportation Building (Manhattan)") [233 (Woolworth)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolworth_Building "Woolworth Building") [253, 256 (Home Life)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Life_Building "Home Life Building") [258 (Rogers Peet)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building "Rogers Peet Building") [City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Hall "New York City Hall") [270 (Tower 270)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_270 "Tower 270") [277 (Broadway–Chambers)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway%E2%80%93Chambers_Building "Broadway–Chambers Building") [280](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/280_Broadway "280 Broadway") [287](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/287_Broadway "287 Broadway") [290 (Ted Weiss Federal)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Weiss_Federal_Building "Ted Weiss Federal Building") [291](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/291_Broadway "291 Broadway") [305 (Mutual Reserve)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_Reserve_Building "Mutual Reserve Building") [319](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/319_Broadway "319 Broadway") [346 (Former New York Life)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/108_Leonard "108 Leonard") [359](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/359_Broadway "359 Broadway") [361](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/361_Broadway "361 Broadway") [395 (Pearl River Mart)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_River_Mart "Pearl River Mart") [457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._Dittenhofer_Warehouse "A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse") [462 (Mills & Gibb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/462_Broadway "462 Broadway") [488 (E. V. Haughwout)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._V._Haughwout_Building "E. V. Haughwout Building") [495 (New Era)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Era_Building_$New_York_City$ "New Era Building (New York City)") [561 (Scholastic)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastic_Building "Scholastic Building") \| \| Buildings (Houston Street – [Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square "Times Square")) \| \| [611 (Cable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_Building_$New_York_City$ "Cable Building (New York City)") [640](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/640_Broadway "640 Broadway") [721 (Tisch School)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts "Tisch School of the Arts") [770](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/770_Broadway "770 Broadway") [800 (Grace Church)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Church_$Manhattan$ "Grace Church (Manhattan)") [828 (Strand Bookstore)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_Bookstore "Strand Bookstore") [889 (Gorham)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/889_Broadway "889 Broadway") [900 (Goelet)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/900_Broadway "900 Broadway") [935–939](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/935%E2%80%93939_Broadway "935–939 Broadway") [Flatiron Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatiron_Building "Flatiron Building") [Madison Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Green_$New_York_City$ "Madison Green (New York City)") [1181 (Baudouine)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudouine_Building "Baudouine Building") [1200 (Gilsey)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilsey_House "Gilsey House") [1232 (Grand Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "Grand Hotel (New York City)") [1260 (Martinique Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique_New_York_on_Broadway,_Curio_Collection_by_Hilton "Martinique New York on Broadway, Curio Collection by Hilton") [1300 (Hotel McAlpin)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_McAlpin "Hotel McAlpin") [1313](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Dollar_Corner "Million Dollar Corner") [Macy's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square "Macy's Herald Square") [1328 (2 Herald Square)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Herald_Square "2 Herald Square") [1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Savings_Bank_Building "Greenwich Savings Bank Building") [Holy Innocents Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Innocents_Church_$New_York_City$ "Holy Innocents Church (New York City)") [Times Square Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Tower "Times Square Tower") [1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Knickerbocker_Hotel "The Knickerbocker Hotel") \| \| Buildings (Times Square – [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle")) \| \| [1472 (4 Times Square)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_Times_Square "4 Times Square") [1475 (One Times Square)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Times_Square "One Times Square") [1500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500_Broadway "1500 Broadway") [1501 (Paramount)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1501_Broadway "1501 Broadway") 1515 ([One Astor Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Astor_Plaza "One Astor Plaza") and [Minskoff Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minskoff_Theatre "Minskoff Theatre")) [1535 (Marriott Marquis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Marriott_Marquis "New York Marriott Marquis") [1540 (Bertelsmann)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1540_Broadway "1540 Broadway") [1552 (I. Miller)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1552_Broadway "1552 Broadway") [1560 (Embassy Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Embassy Theatre (New York City)") [1564 (Palace Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Palace Theatre (New York City)") [1566 (TSX Broadway)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSX_Broadway "TSX Broadway")\` [1585 (Morgan Stanley)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1585_Broadway "1585 Broadway") [1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan "Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan") [1619 (Brill)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_Building "Brill Building") [1634 (Winter Garden Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre "Winter Garden Theatre") [1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner "Ellen's Stardust Diner") [1633 (Paramount Plaza)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Plaza "Paramount Plaza") [1681 (Broadway Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_$53rd_Street$ "Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)") [1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sullivan_Theater "Ed Sullivan Theater") [1717](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1717_Broadway "1717 Broadway") [1740](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1740_Broadway "1740 Broadway") [1745 (Random House Tower)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House_Tower "Random House Tower") [1764 (224 West 57th Street)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/224_West_57th_Street "224 West 57th Street") [1780 (Central Park Tower)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_Tower "Central Park Tower") [1790 (5 Columbus Circle)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_Columbus_Circle "5 Columbus Circle") [240 Central Park South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/240_Central_Park_South "240 Central Park South") \| \| Buildings (Columbus Circle – [The Bronx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bronx "The Bronx")) \| \| [Deutsche Bank Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center "Deutsche Bank Center") [Trump International Hotel and Tower]() [1865](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Loggia "Park Loggia") [Empire Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Empire_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "The Empire Hotel (New York City)") [The Dorilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dorilton "The Dorilton") [2100 (Apple Bank)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Bank_Building "Apple Bank Building") [2109 (Ansonia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ansonia "The Ansonia") [2124 (Beacon Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Beacon Theatre (New York City)") [Hotel Beacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Beacon "Hotel Beacon") [The Astor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Astor "The Astor") [2175 (Hotel Belleclaire)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Belleclaire "Hotel Belleclaire") [2201 (Apthorp)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apthorp "The Apthorp") [First Baptist Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York "First Baptist Church in the City of New York") [2350 (Bretton Hall)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Hall_$Manhattan$ "Bretton Hall (Manhattan)") [The Belnord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Belnord "The Belnord") [2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop "Murray's Sturgeon Shop") [Astor Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_Court_Building "Astor Court Building") [The Cornwall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cornwall "The Cornwall") [2626 (Metro Theater)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Theater_$New_York_City$ "Metro Theater (New York City)") [2689–2693 (Hotel Marseilles)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Marseilles "Hotel Marseilles") [2801–2825 (The Manhasset)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manhasset "The Manhasset") [School at Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University "The School at Columbia University") [2880 (Goddard Institute)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studies "Goddard Institute for Space Studies") Broadway Hall [3009 (Barnard College)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard_College "Barnard College") [3333 (Riverside Park Community)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_Park_Community "Riverside Park Community") [Intercession Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_$Manhattan$ "Church of the Intercession (Manhattan)") [3939 (Children's Hospital)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley_Children%27s_Hospital "Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital") [3940](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom "Audubon Ballroom") [Audubon Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom "Audubon Ballroom") [Shabazz Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X_and_Dr._Betty_Shabazz_Memorial_and_Educational_Center "Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center") [4140 (United Palace)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Palace "United Palace") [4881 (Dyckman House)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_House "Dyckman House") [4967 (Good Shepherd Church)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_$New_York_City$ "Church of the Good Shepherd (New York City)") [5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaman-Drake_Arch "Seaman-Drake Arch") [5141 (Allen Hospital)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital "NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital") \| \| Parks and plazas \| \| [Bowling Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_Green_$New_York_City$ "Bowling Green (New York City)") [Zuccotti Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuccotti_Park "Zuccotti Park") [City Hall Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center,_Manhattan "Civic Center, Manhattan") [Union Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan "Union Square, Manhattan") [Madison Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park "Madison Square and Madison Square Park") [Greeley Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald_Square "Herald Square") [Herald Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herald_Square "Herald Square") [Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square "Times Square") [Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle "Columbus Circle") [Verdi Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdi_Square "Verdi Square") [Van Cortlandt Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park "Van Cortlandt Park") \| \| [Subway stations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway "New York City Subway") \| \| [103rd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/103rd_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [116th Street–Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116th_Street%E2%80%93Columbia_University_station "116th Street–Columbia University station") [125th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/125th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "125th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [137th Street–City College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/137th_Street%E2%80%93City_College_station "137th Street–City College station") [145th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/145th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "145th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [14th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Street%E2%80%93Union_Square_station "14th Street–Union Square station") [157th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/157th_Street_station "157th Street station") [168th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/168th_Street_station_$New_York_City_Subway$ "168th Street station (New York City Subway)") [231st Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/231st_Street_station "231st Street station") [238th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/238th_Street_station "238th Street station") [23rd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Street_station_$BMT_Broadway_Line$ "23rd Street station (BMT Broadway Line)") [28th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28th_Street_station_$BMT_Broadway_Line$ "28th Street station (BMT Broadway Line)") [34th Street–Herald Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_Street%E2%80%93Herald_Square_station "34th Street–Herald Square station") [50th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "50th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [59th Street–Columbus Circle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station "59th Street–Columbus Circle station") [66th Street–Lincoln Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station "66th Street–Lincoln Center station") [72nd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/72nd_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [79th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/79th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [86th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/86th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [96th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/96th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [Bowling Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling_Green_station "Bowling Green station") [Canal Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Street_station_$New_York_City_Subway$ "Canal Street station (New York City Subway)") [Cathedral Parkway–110th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_$IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line$ "Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)") [City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Hall_station_$BMT_Broadway_Line$ "City Hall station (BMT Broadway Line)") [Dyckman Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyckman_Street_station_$IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line$ "Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)") [Eighth Street–New York University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Street%E2%80%93New_York_University_station "Eighth Street–New York University station") [Fulton Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton_Street_station_$New_York_City_Subway$ "Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)") [Inwood–207th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_station "Inwood–207th Street station") [Marble Hill–225th Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble_Hill%E2%80%93225th_Street_station "Marble Hill–225th Street station") [Prince Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Street_station "Prince Street station") [Times Square–42nd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station "Times Square–42nd Street station") [Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park%E2%80%93242nd_Street_station "Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station") [Wall Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_station_$IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line$ "Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)") \| \| Former \| \| [New York Produce Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Produce_Exchange "New York Produce Exchange") [Government House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_House_$New_York_City$ "Government House (New York City)") [39 (Macomb House)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House "Alexander Macomb House") [50 (Tower)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Building_$New_York_City$ "Tower Building (New York City)") [64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Life_Insurance_Building "Manhattan Life Insurance Building") [113–119 (City Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Hotel_$Manhattan$ "City Hotel (Manhattan)") [120 (Equitable Life)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equitable_Life_Building_$Manhattan$ "Equitable Life Building (Manhattan)") [149 (Singer)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer_Building "Singer Building") [165 (City Investing)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_Investing_Building "City Investing Building") [169–171 (Gilsey)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilsey_Building "Gilsey Building") [176 (Howard Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "Howard Hotel (New York City)") [195 (Western Union)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Union_Telegraph_Building "Western Union Telegraph Building") [220 (St. Paul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul_Building "St. Paul Building") [222 (Barnum's American Museum)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum "Barnum's American Museum") [Astor House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_House "Astor House") [Rogers Peet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building "Rogers Peet Building") [346 (Appleton)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appleton_Building "Appleton Building") [472 (Mechanics' Hall)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics%27_Hall_$New_York_City$ "Mechanics' Hall (New York City)") [Theatre Comique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Comique "Theatre Comique") [Church of the Divine Unity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Divine_Unity "Church of the Divine Unity") [507 (St. Nicholas Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Nicholas_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "St. Nicholas Hotel (New York City)") [Metropolitan Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Hotel_$New_York_City$ "Metropolitan Hotel (New York City)") [663 (Canterbury Hall)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterbury_Hall_$New_York_City$ "Canterbury Hall (New York City)") [673 (Grand Central Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Central_Hotel "Grand Central Hotel") [728 (Church of the Messiah)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Messiah_$Manhattan$ "Church of the Messiah (Manhattan)") [728 (New Theatre Comique)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Theatre_Comique "New Theatre Comique") [881 (Arnold Constable)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Constable_%26_Company "Arnold Constable & Company") [1101 (Albemarle Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albemarle_Hotel "Albemarle Hotel") [1107 (McCrory Stores)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCrory_Stores_Corporation "McCrory Stores Corporation") [1115 (Legnam Corporation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legnam_Corporation "Legnam Corporation") [Hotel Victoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Victoria_$New_York_City$ "Hotel Victoria (New York City)") [1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Theatre "Fifth Avenue Theatre") [1372 (Fair Waist Company)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Waist_and_Dress_Company "Fair Waist and Dress Company") [1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knickerbocker_Theatre_$Broadway$ "Knickerbocker Theatre (Broadway)") [1411 (Metropolitan Opera House)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_$39th_Street$ "Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)") [1469 (Pabst)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabst_Hotel "Pabst Hotel") [1481 (Rialto Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rialto_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Rialto Theatre (New York City)") [1500 (Hotel Claridge)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel_Claridge "Hotel Claridge") [1537 (Astor Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astor_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Astor Theatre (New York City)") [1567 (Central Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Central Theatre (New York City)") [1579 (Strand Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_Theatre_$Manhattan$ "Strand Theatre (Manhattan)") [1600 (Studebaker)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studebaker_Building_$Midtown_Manhattan$ "Studebaker Building (Midtown Manhattan)") [Jack Dempsey's Restaurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Dempsey%27s_Broadway_Restaurant "Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant") [1645 (Capitol Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Theatre_$New_York_City$ "Capitol Theatre (New York City)") 1650 [Beltone Studios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltone_Studios "Beltone Studios") [Iridium Jazz Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club "Iridium Jazz Club") [1678 (Birdland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdland_$New_York_jazz_club$ "Birdland (New York jazz club)") [1865 (Museum of Biblical Art)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_$New_York_City$ "Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)") [1981 (Dauphin Hotel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauphin_Hotel "Dauphin Hotel") [4260 (Coliseum Theatre)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliseum_Theatre_$Washington_Heights$ "Coliseum Theatre (Washington Heights)") [St. Teresa of Avila Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Teresa_of_Avila_Church_$New_York_City$ "St. Teresa of Avila Church (New York City)") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trump_businesses "Template:Trump businesses") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Trump_businesses "Template talk:Trump businesses") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trump_businesses "Special:EditPage/Template:Trump businesses")[Businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") of [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Allen Weisselberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Weisselberg "Allen Weisselberg") [Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [List of things named after Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") \| \| \| [NYC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") properties \| [The Trump Building (40 Wall Street)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/40_Wall_Street "40 Wall Street") [Trump Parc and Trump Parc East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Parc "Trump Parc") [Trump Park Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Park_Avenue "Trump Park Avenue") [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") [Trump World Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World_Tower "Trump World Tower") \| \| Hotels and resorts \| Trump International Hotel and Tower [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$Chicago$ "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)") [Las Vegas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas "Trump International Hotel Las Vegas") [2025 explosion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Las_Vegas_Cybertruck_explosion "2025 Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion") [New York City]() [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") \| \| Golf courses \| \| \| \| \| \| U.S. \| [Bedminster, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster") ["Doral" Miami, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami") [Jupiter, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Jupiter "Trump National Golf Club Jupiter") [Los Angeles, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Los_Angeles "Trump National Golf Club Los Angeles") [Pine Hill, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Philadelphia "Trump National Golf Club Philadelphia") [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Washington,_D.C. "Trump National Golf Club Washington, D.C.") [Westchester, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Westchester "Trump National Golf Club Westchester") [West Palm Beach, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_$West_Palm_Beach$ "Trump International Golf Club (West Palm Beach)") \| \| Europe \| [Balmedie, Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Links,_Scotland "Trump International Golf Links, Scotland") [wind farm dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Club_Scotland_Ltd_v_The_Scottish_Ministers "Trump International Golf Club Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers") [Doonbeg, Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Golf_Links_and_Hotel_Ireland "Trump International Golf Links and Hotel Ireland") [Turnberry, Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnberry_$golf_course$ "Turnberry (golf course)") \| \| Other current ventures \| [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") [Cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration "Cryptocurrency in the second Donald Trump administration") [Never Surrender High-Top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Surrender_High-Top "Never Surrender High-Top") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") [Trump Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Mobile "Trump Mobile") [Trump Winery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Winery "Trump Winery") \| \| Name licensing \| [Trump Bay Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Bay_Street "Trump Bay Street") [Trump Palace Condominiums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Palace_Condominiums "Trump Palace Condominiums") [Jersey City, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_$Jersey_City$ "Trump Plaza (Jersey City)") [New Rochelle, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_$New_Rochelle$ "Trump Plaza (New Rochelle)") [New York City, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_$New_York_City$ "Trump Plaza (New York City)") Trump Tower [Istanbul, Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul "Trump Towers Istanbul") [Manila, Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Manila "Trump Tower Manila") [Pune, India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Pune "Trump Towers Pune") [Punta del Este, Uruguay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Punta_del_Este "Trump Tower Punta del Este") [Sunny Isles Beach, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_$Sunny_Isles_Beach$ "Trump Towers (Sunny Isles Beach)") \| \| Former properties \| [GM Building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_Building_$Manhattan$ "General Motors Building (Manhattan)") [Hyatt Grand Central New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York "Hyatt Grand Central New York") [JW Marriott Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Panama "JW Marriott Panama") [Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka_La%CA%BBi_Waikiki_Beach_Hotel "Ka Laʻi Waikiki Beach Hotel") [LSH Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSH_Hotel "LSH Hotel") (Brazil) [Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Post_Office_$Washington,_D.C.$ "Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)") [Paradox Hotel Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_Hotel_Vancouver "Paradox Hotel Vancouver") [Park Tower Stamford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_Tower_Stamford "Park Tower Stamford") [Plaza Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Hotel "Plaza Hotel") [The Dominick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dominick "The Dominick") (Trump SoHo) [The Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plaza_$West_Palm_Beach$ "The Plaza (West Palm Beach)") (West Palm Beach, FL) [The St. Regis Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_St._Regis_Toronto "The St. Regis Toronto") [The Tower at City Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tower_at_City_Place "The Tower at City Place") (White Plains, NY) \| \| Cancelled real estate projects \| [Russian projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia") [Trump Tower Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow "Trump Tower Moscow") Trump International Hotel and Tower [Baku, Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$Baku$ "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Baku)") [Dubai, UAE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$Dubai$ "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Dubai)") [Fort Lauderdale, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Fort_Lauderdale "Conrad Fort Lauderdale") [New Orleans, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_$New_Orleans$ "Trump International Hotel and Tower (New Orleans)") [Phoenix, AZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_%26_Residence "Trump International Hotel & Residence") [Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Ocean_Resort_Baja_Mexico "Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico") Trump Tower [Brazil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Towers_Rio "Trump Towers Rio") [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD_Trump_Deutschland "TD Trump Deutschland") [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_Tower "Elite Tower") [Tampa, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_$Tampa$ "Trump Tower (Tampa)") [Twin Towers 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Towers_2 "Twin Towers 2") \| \| Former ventures \| [Central Park Carousel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Park_Carousel "Central Park Carousel") [Donald Trump dolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_dolls "Donald Trump dolls") [Donald J. Trump Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [GoTrump.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoTrump.com "GoTrump.com") [Lasker Rink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Center "Davis Center") [Miss Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Universe "Miss Universe") [Miss USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_USA "Miss USA") [Miss Teen USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA "Miss Teen USA") [New Jersey Generals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals "New Jersey Generals") [Paris Is Out\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Is_Out! "Paris Is Out!") [Tour de Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_DuPont "Tour DuPont") [Trump Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Home "Trump Home") [Trump Entertainment Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Entertainment_Resorts "Trump Entertainment Resorts") [Trump's Castle / Trump Marina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Nugget_Atlantic_City "Golden Nugget Atlantic City") [Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Plaza_Hotel_and_Casino "Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino") [Trump Taj Mahal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_Rock_Hotel_%26_Casino_Atlantic_City "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City") [Trump World's Fair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_World%27s_Fair "Trump World's Fair") [Trump Casino Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_Star_II "Majestic Star II") [Trump magazines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_magazines "Trump magazines") [Trump Model Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Model_Management "Trump Model Management") [Trump Mortgage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Mortgage "Trump Mortgage") [Trump Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Network "The Trump Network") [Trump Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan "Riverside South, Manhattan") [Trump Productions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Productions "Trump Productions") [Trump Shuttle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Shuttle "Trump Shuttle") [Trump Steaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Steaks "Trump Steaks") [Trump University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_University "Trump University") [Trump Vodka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Vodka "Trump Vodka") [Trump Ice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Ice "Trump Ice") [Trump Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Village "Trump Village") [Wollman Rink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wollman_Rink "Wollman Rink") \| [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"): - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/P_parthenon.svg/40px-P_parthenon.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_parthenon.svg) [Architecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Architecture "Portal:Architecture") - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png/20px-Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png) [Hotels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hotels "Portal:Hotels") - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/40px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png) [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:New_York_City "Portal:New York City") ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)&oldid=1285600184>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [1970 establishments in New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1970_establishments_in_New_York_City "Category:1970 establishments in New York City") - 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