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| Boilerpipe Text | Toshiba Corporation
Logo used since 1981
Toshiba's headquarters in
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
, Japan
Native name
株式会社東芝
Romanized
name
Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba
Formerly
Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (English name 1939–1979; Japanese name 1939–1984)
Company type
Private
Traded as
TYO
: 6502
Industry
Conglomerate
Predecessors
Shibaura Seisakusho
Tokyo Denki
Founded
11 July 1875
; 150 years ago
(as Shibaura Seisakusho)
1939
; 87 years ago
(as Toshiba)
Founders
Tanaka Hisashige
(for the Tanaka Seisakusho branch)
Takayasu Mitsui (for the Shibuara Seisakusho branch)
Miyoshi Shōichi and Fujioka Ichisuke (for the Hakunetsusha/Tokyo Denki branch)
Headquarters
Saiwai-ku
,
Kawasaki
, Kanagawa Prefecture
,
Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Taro Shimada (
CEO
)
Satoshi Tsunakawa (
chairman
)
Products
Electrical equipment
Software
Infrastructure
Revenue
¥
3,336.97 billion
(FY2021)
a
[
1
]
Operating income
¥158.94 billion
(FY2021)
[
1
]
Net income
¥194.65 billion
(FY2021)
[
1
]
Total assets
¥3,734.52 billion
(FY2021)
[
1
]
Total equity
¥1,366.66 billion
(FY2021)
[
1
]
Owner
Japan Industrial Partners
Number of employees
116,224 (2022)
[
2
]
Subsidiaries
List
Toshiba Data Corporation
Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation
Toshiba Digital Solutions Corporation
Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation
Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions Corporation
Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corporation
Toshiba Trading Inc.
Toshiba America, Inc.
Toshiba Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
Toshiba (Australia) Pty Limited.
Toshiba (China) Co., Ltd.
Toshiba Europe Ltd.
Toshiba Gulf FZE
Website
global.toshiba
Footnotes / references
a.
Fiscal Year 2021 (FY2021) in this article is from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022.
b.
Foundation date for one of the predecessor companies. The current company was established in 1904 as the direct successor of said company and its legal successor was founded in 1939.
Toshiba Corporation
(
株式会社東芝
,
Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba
;
[
3
]
)
is a Japanese
multinational
electronics company headquartered in
Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki
, Kanagawa Prefecture. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components,
semiconductors
,
hard disk drives
, printers, batteries, lighting, as well as
IT
solutions such as
quantum cryptography
.
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
It was formerly also one of the biggest manufacturers of
personal computers
,
consumer electronics
,
home appliances
, and
medical equipment
.
The Toshiba name is derived from its former name,
To
kyo
Shiba
ura Denki K.K.
[
a
]
which in turn was a 1939 merger between
Shibaura Seisaku-sho
(founded in 1875) and
Tokyo Denki
(founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. A
technology company
with a long history and sprawling businesses, Toshiba is a household name in Japan and has long been viewed as a symbol of the country's technological prowess post-
World War II
.
[
7
]
As a semiconductor company and the inventor of
flash memory
, Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as
Kioxia
in the late 2010s.
[
8
]
[
9
]
The company was also relevant in consumer personal computers, releasing the first mass-market
laptop
in 1985 and later ranking as a major vendor of laptops; it exited the PC business in 2020 having divested it into
Dynabook Inc.
[
10
]
Toshiba faced trouble during the 2010s amid a much-publicised accounting scandal that affected its reputation, and the bankruptcy of its subsidiary nuclear energy company
Westinghouse
in 2017. This forced the conglomerate to shed a number of underperforming businesses, essentially eliminating the company's century-long presence in consumer markets.
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
After a rejection to split the company,
[
14
]
Toshiba was purchased by a consortium led by
Japan Industrial Partners
(JIP) and Tolba in 2023; Toshiba turned
private
as a result and was delisted after 74 years from the
Tokyo Stock Exchange
,
[
15
]
where it was formerly a constituent of the
Nikkei 225
and
TOPIX
100 indices.
Tanaka Seisakusho
(
田中製作所
; Tanaka Engineering Works)
was the first company established by
Tanaka Hisashige
(1799–1881), one of the most original and productive inventor-engineers during the Tokugawa /
Edo period
. Established on 11 July 1875,
[
16
]
[
17
]
it was the first Japanese company to manufacture
telegraph
equipment. It also manufactured switches, and miscellaneous electrical and communications equipment.
The company was inherited by Tanaka's adopted son, and later became half of the present Toshiba company. Several people who worked at Tanaka Seisakusho or who received Tanaka's guidance at a Kubusho (Ministry of Industries) factory later became pioneers themselves. These included
Miyoshi Shōichi
[
jp
]
who helped
Fujioka Ichisuke
[
jp
]
make the first power generator in Japan and to establish a company,
Hakunetsusha
to make bulbs;
Oki Kibatarō
, the founder of the present Oki Denki (
Oki Electric Industry
); and
Ishiguro Keizaburō
, a co-founder of the present
Anritsu
.
[
18
]
After the demise of the founder in 1881, Tanaka Seisakusho became partly owned by
General Electric
and expanded into the production of
torpedoes
and
mines
at the request of the
Imperial Japanese Navy
, to become one of the largest manufacturing companies of the time; however, as the Navy started to use competitive bids and then build its own works, the demand decreased substantially and the company started to lose money. The main creditor to the company,
Mitsui
Bank, took over the insolvent company in 1893 and renamed it
Shibaura Seisakusho
(Shibaura Engineering Works).
[
18
]
Shibaura Seisakusho
[
edit
]
Shibaura Seisakusho
(
芝浦製作所
; Shibaura Engineering Works)
was the new name given to Tanaka Seisakusho after it was declared insolvent in 1893 and taken over by
Mitsui
Bank. In 1910, it formed a tie-up with
General Electric
(GE), which, in exchange for technology, acquired about a quarter of the shares of Shibaura. The relation with GE continued until the beginning of
World War II
and resumed in 1953 with GE's 24 percent shareholding in the successor company, Tokyo Shibaura Denki. This percentage decreased substantially since then.
[
18
]
Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)
[
edit
]
Hakunetsusha
(
白熱舎
)
was a company established by
Miyoshi Shōichi
and
Fujioka Ichisuke
[
ja
]
, two of Japan's industrial pioneers during the Tokugawa /
Edo period
. It specialized in the manufacturing of lightbulbs. The company was established in 1890 and started out by selling bulbs using bamboo filaments; however, following the opening up of trade with the West through the
Unequal treaty
,
Hakunetsusha
met with fierce competition from imports. Its bulb cost about 60 percent more than the imports and the quality was poorer.
The company managed to survive with the booms after the
First Sino-Japanese War
of 1894–95 and the
Russo-Japanese War
of 1904–05, but afterward its financial position was precarious. In 1905, the company was renamed
Tokyo Denki
(Tokyo Electric) and entered into a financial and technological collaboration with
General Electric
of the US. General Electric acquired 51 percent share of ownership, sent a vice president, and provided the technology for bulb-making. Production equipment was bought from GE and Tokyo Denki soon started selling its products with GE's trademark.
AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho
[
19
]
and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) (
東
京
芝
浦
電気
). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.
[
citation needed
]
The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.
[
20
]
The Toshiba pavilion at
Expo '85
The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of organic growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering, and primary industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s. Groups created include
Toshiba Music Industries/Toshiba EMI
(1960), Toshiba International Corporation (the 1970s), Toshiba Electrical Equipment (1974), Toshiba Chemical (1974), Toshiba Lighting and Technology (1989), Toshiba America Information Systems (1989) and Toshiba Carrier Corporation (1999). The first mini-split ductless
air conditioner
was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan.
[
21
]
Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1912)
[
citation needed
]
, the TAC digital computer (1954), transistor television, color CRTs
[
22
]
and microwave oven (1959),
color video phone
(1971), Japanese
word processor
(1978), MRI system (1982), personal computer
Pasopia
(1981), laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), DVD (1995), the
Libretto
sub-notebook personal computer (1996) and
HD DVD
(2005). In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp (Sociedade Eletromercantil Paulista), subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies' South American operations.
In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo, known as the "Umbrella Mark", was used from 1950 to 1969, and then as a primary logo between 1969 and 1984. It was also used later on for hard drives.
[
23
]
Toshiba's secondary logo used from 1969 to 1984, used in tandem with the umbrella logo above
[
24
]
Toshiba logo, used since 1984
[
24
]
In 1987, Toshiba Machine, a subsidiary of Toshiba, was accused of illegally selling CNC
milling machines
used to produce very quiet
submarine
propellers to the
Soviet Union
in violation of the
CoCom
agreement, an international
embargo
on certain countries to
COMECON
countries. The
Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal
involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company
Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk
. The incident strained relations between the
United States
and
Japan
, and resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two senior executives, as well as the imposition of
sanctions
on the company by both countries.
[
25
]
Senator
John Heinz
of Pennsylvania said: "What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for $517 million."
World-first Japanese
word processor
Toshiba JW-10 (1979)
A
Nuon
, an obscure DVD/Console hybrid, manufactured by Toshiba in 2000.
In 2001, Toshiba signed a contract with
Orion Electric
, one of the world's largest
OEM
consumer video electronic makers and suppliers, to manufacture and supply finished consumer TV and video products for Toshiba to meet the increasing demand for the North American market. The contract ended in 2008, ending seven years of OEM production with Orion.
In December 2004, Toshiba quietly announced it would discontinue manufacturing traditional in-house
cathode-ray tube
(CRT) televisions. In 2005, Matsushita Toshiba Picture Display Co. Ltd. (a joint venture between
Panasonic
and Toshiba created in 2002
[
26
]
) stopped production of CRTs at its factory in Horseheads, New York. A year later, in 2006, it stopped production at its Malaysian factory, following heavy losses.
[
27
]
[
28
]
[
29
]
In 2006, Toshiba terminated sales of CRT TVs in Japan
[
30
]
and production of in-house plasma TVs. To ensure its future competitiveness in the flat-panel digital television and display market, Toshiba has made a considerable investment in a new kind of display technology called
SED
. This technology was never sold to the public, as it was not price-competitive with LCDs. Toshiba sold its share in SED Inc. to
Canon
after Nano-Proprietary, which owns several patents related to SED technology, claimed SED Inc. was not a subsidiary of Canon.
[
31
]
Before
World War II
, Toshiba was a member of the
Mitsui
Group
zaibatsu
(family-controlled
vertical monopoly
). Today Toshiba is a member of the Mitsui
keiretsu
(a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings), and still has preferential arrangements with Mitsui Bank and the other members of the keiretsu. Membership in a keiretsu has traditionally meant loyalty, both corporate and private, to other members of the keiretsu or allied keiretsu. This loyalty can extend as far as the
beer
the employees consume, which in Toshiba's case is
Asahi
.
In July 2005,
BNFL
confirmed it planned to sell
Westinghouse Electric Company
, then estimated to be worth $1.8 billion (£1 billion).
[
32
]
The bid attracted interest from several companies including Toshiba,
General Electric
and
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
and when the
Financial Times
reported on 23 January 2006 that Toshiba had won the bid, it valued the company's offer at $5 billion (£2.8 billion). The sale of Westinghouse by the Government of the United Kingdom surprised many industry experts, who questioned the wisdom of selling one of the world's largest producers of nuclear reactors shortly before the market for nuclear power was expected to grow substantially;
China
, the
United States
and the
United Kingdom
were all expected to invest heavily in nuclear power.
[
33
]
The acquisition of
Westinghouse
for $5.4 billion was completed on 17 October 2006, with Toshiba obtaining a 77 percent share, and partners
The Shaw Group
a 20 percent share and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. a 3 percent share.
In late 2007, Toshiba took over from
Discover Card
as the sponsor of the top-most screen of
One Times Square
in
New York City
.
[
34
]
It displays the iconic 60-second
New Year's
countdown on its screen, as well as messages, greetings, and advertisements for the company. The sponsor of the New Year's countdown was taken over by
Capital One
on 31 December 2018. In January 2009, Toshiba acquired the
HDD
business of
Fujitsu
.
[
35
]
[
36
]
Toshiba announced on 16 May 2011, that it had agreed to acquire all of the shares of the Swiss-based advanced-power-meter maker
Landis+Gyr
for $2.3 billion.
[
37
]
In 2010 the company released a series of television models including the WL768, YL863, VL963 designed in collaboration with Danish designer
Timothy Jacob Jensen
.
[
38
]
In April 2012, Toshiba agreed to acquire
IBM
's point-of-sale business for $850 million, making it the world's largest vendor of point-of-sale systems.
[
39
]
[
40
]
In July 2012, Toshiba was accused of fixing the prices of LCD panels in the United States at a high level. While such claims were denied by Toshiba,
[
41
]
they agreed to settle alongside several other manufacturers for a total of $571 million.
[
42
]
In December 2013, Toshiba completed its acquisition of Vijai Electricals Limited plant at Hyderabad and set up its own base for manufacturing of transmission and distribution products (transformers and switchgears) under the Social Infrastructure Group in India as Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Private Limited.
In January 2014, Toshiba completed its acquisition of
OCZ Storage Solutions
.
[
43
]
OCZ Technology stock was halted on 27 November 2013. OCZ then stated they expected to file a petition for bankruptcy and that Toshiba Corporation had expressed interest in purchasing its assets in a bankruptcy proceeding.
[
44
]
[
45
]
On 2 December 2013, OCZ announced Toshiba had agreed to purchase nearly all of OCZ's assets for $35 million.
[
46
]
The deal was completed on 21 January 2014 when the assets of OCZ Technology Group became a new independently operated subsidiary of Toshiba named OCZ Storage Solutions.
[
47
]
OCZ Technology Group then changed its name to ZCO Liquidating Corporation;
[
48
]
on 18 August 2014, ZCO Liquidating Corporation and its subsidiaries were liquidated.
[
49
]
OCZ Storage Solutions
was dissolved on 1 April 2016 and absorbed into Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc.,
[
50
]
[
51
]
with OCZ becoming a brand of Toshiba.
In March 2014, Toshiba sued
SK Hynix
, accusing the company of stealing technology of its NAND flash memory.
[
52
]
In the late same year, the two companies settled with a deal in which SK Hynix pays US$278 million to Toshiba.
[
53
]
Toshiba had sued Hynix in the early 2000s for
patent infringement
.
[
54
]
In October 2014, Toshiba and
United Technologies
agreed a deal to expand their joint venture outside
Japan
.
[
55
]
2015 Accounting scandal
[
edit
]
Toshiba first announced in May 2015 that it was investigating an accounting scandal and it might have to revise its profits for the previous three years.
[
56
]
[
57
]
On 21 July 2015, CEO Hisao Tanaka announced his resignation amid an accounting scandal that he called "the most damaging event for our brand in the company's 140-year history". Profits had been inflated by $1.2 billion over the previous seven years.
[
58
]
Eight other senior officials also resigned, including the two previous CEOs.
[
59
]
Chairman Masashi Muromachi was appointed acting CEO.
[
60
]
Following the scandal, Toshiba Corp. was removed from a stock index showcasing Japan's best companies. That was the second reshuffle of the index, which picks companies with the best operating income, return on equity and market value.
[
61
]
Toshiba announced in early 2015 that they would stop making televisions in its own factories. From 2015 onward, Toshiba televisions will be made by
Compal
for the U.S., or by
Vestel
and other manufacturers for the European market. In September 2015, Toshiba shares fell to their lowest point in two and a half years. The firm said in a statement that its net losses for the quarterly period were 12.3 billion yen ($102m; £66m). The company noted poor performances in its televisions, home appliances and personal computer businesses.
[
62
]
In October 2015, Toshiba sold the image sensor business to
Sony
.
[
63
]
In December 2015, Muromachi said the episode had wiped about $8 billion off Toshiba's market value. He forecast a record 550 billion yen (about US$4.6 billion) annual loss and warned the company would have to overhaul its TV and computer businesses. Toshiba would not be raising funds for two years, he said. The next week, a company spokesperson announced Toshiba would seek 300 billion yen ($2.5 billion) in 2016, taking the company's indebtedness to more than 1 trillion yen (about $8.3 billion).
[
64
]
In January 2016, Toshiba's security division unveiled a new bundle of services for schools that use its surveillance equipment. The program, which is intended for both K-12 and higher education, includes education discounts, alerts, and post-warranty support, among other features, on its IP-based security gear.
[
65
]
In March 2016, Toshiba was preparing to start construction on a cutting-edge new semiconductor plant in Japan that would mass-produce chips based on the ultra-dense flash variant. Toshiba expected to spend approximately 360 billion yen, or $3.2 billion, on the project through May 2019.
[
66
]
In April 2016, Toshiba recalled 100,000 faulty laptop lithium-ion batteries, which were made by
Panasonic
, that can overheat, posing burn and fire hazards to consumers, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Toshiba first announced the recall in January and said it was recalling the batteries in certain Toshiba Notebook computers sold since June 2011.
[
67
]
In May 2016, it was announced that Satoshi Tsunakawa, the former head of Toshiba's medical equipment division, was named CEO. This appointment came after the accounting scandal that occurred.
[
68
]
[
69
]
In September 2016, Toshiba announced the first wireless power receiver
IC
using the
Qi
1.2.2 specification, developed in association with the
Wireless Power Consortium
.
[
70
]
In December 2016,
Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation
was acquired by
Canon
.
[
71
]
A Chinese electrical appliance corporation
Midea Group
bought a controlling 80.1% stake in the Toshiba Home Appliances Group.
[
72
]
[
73
]
2017 US nuclear construction liabilities
[
edit
]
In late December 2016, the management of Toshiba requested an "urgent press briefing" to announce that the newly-found losses in the
Westinghouse
subsidiary from
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant
nuclear plant construction would lead to a write-down of several billion dollars, bankrupting Westinghouse and threatening to bankrupt Toshiba. The exact amount of the liabilities was unavailable.
[
74
]
[
75
]
In January 2017, a person with direct knowledge of the matter reported that the company plans on making its memory chip division a separate business, to save Toshiba from bankruptcy.
[
76
]
[
77
]
[
78
]
[
79
]
[
80
]
[
81
]
[
82
]
In February 2017, Toshiba revealed unaudited details of a 390 billion yen ($3.4 billion) corporate wide loss, mainly arising from its majority owned US based
Westinghouse
nuclear construction subsidiary which was written down by 712 billion yen ($6.3 billion). On 14 February 2017, Toshiba delayed filing financial results, and chairman Shigenori Shiga, formerly chairman of Westinghouse, resigned.
[
83
]
[
84
]
[
85
]
Construction delays, regulatory changes and cost overruns at Westinghouse-built nuclear facilities
Vogtle units 3 and 4
in Waynesboro, Georgia and
VC Summer units 2 and 3
in South Carolina, were cited as the main causes of the dramatic fall in Toshiba's financial performance and collapse in the share price. Fixed priced construction contracts negotiated by Westinghouse with Georgia Power left Toshiba with uncharted liabilities that resulted in the sale of key Toshiba operating subsidiaries to secure the company's future.
[
86
]
Westinghouse filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy
protection on 29 March 2017.
[
87
]
[
88
]
Toshiba was estimated to have a 9 billion dollar annual net loss.
[
89
]
On 11 April 2017, Toshiba filed unaudited quarterly results. Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers
had not signed off on the accounts because of uncertainties at Westinghouse. Toshiba stated that "substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern exists".
[
11
]
[
90
]
On 25 April 2017, Toshiba announced its decision to replace its auditor after less than a year. Earlier in April, the company filed twice-delayed business results without an endorsement from auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
[
89
]
[
91
]
On 20 September 2017, Toshiba's board approved a deal to sell its memory chip business to a group led by
Bain Capital
for US$18 billion, with financial backing by companies such as
Apple
,
Dell Technologies
,
Hoya Corporation
,
Kingston Technology
,
Seagate Technology
, and
SK Hynix
.
[
92
]
[
93
]
The newly independent company was named
Toshiba Memory Corporation
, and then renamed
Kioxia
. On 15 November 2017,
Hisense
reached a deal to acquire 95% of Toshiba Visual Solutions (
television sets
) for US$113.6 million.
[
94
]
Later that month, the company announced that it would pull out of its long-standing sponsorships of the Japanese television programs
Sazae-san
,
Nichiyō Gekijo
, and the video screens on top of
One Times Square
in
New York City
. The company cited that the value of these placements were reduced by its exit from consumer-oriented lines of business.
[
95
]
On 6 April 2018, Toshiba announced the completion of the sale of Westinghouse's holding company to
Brookfield Business Partners
and some partners for $4.6 billion.
[
96
]
Toshiba factory in
Taishi
, Japan
Elevator Research Tower of Toshiba Fuchu Complex. The largest factory complex in the Toshiba organization
Toshiba Rinkan Hospital,
Kanagawa
, Japan
In June 2018, Toshiba sold 80.1% of its Client Solutions (
personal computers
) business unit to
Sharp
for $36m, with an option allowing Sharp to buy the remaining 19.9% share.
[
97
]
Sharp renamed the business to
Dynabook
, a brand name Toshiba had used in Japan, and started releasing products under that name. On 30 June 2020, Sharp exercised its option to acquire the remaining 19.9% percent of Dynabook shares from Toshiba.
[
98
]
In May 2019, Toshiba announced that it would put non-Japanese investors on its board for the first time in nearly 80 years.
[
99
]
In November, the company transferred its logistics service business to SBS Group.
[
100
]
In January 2020, Toshiba unveiled its plan to launch quantum cryptography services by September the same year.
[
5
]
It also announced a number of other technologies waiting for commercialization, including an affordable solid-state
Lidar
based on
silicon photomultiplier
, high-capacity
hydrogen fuel cells
,
[
101
]
[
102
]
and a proprietary
computer algorithm
named
Simulated Bifurcation Algorithm
that mimics
quantum computing
, of which it plans to sell access to other parties such as financial institutions, social networking services, etc. The company claims the algorithm running on a desktop PC at room temperature environment is capable of surpassing the performance of similar algorithms running on existing
supercomputers
, even that of laser-based quantum computer when a specialized setting is given.
[
103
]
It has been added to quantum computing services offered by major cloud platforms including
Microsoft Azure
.
[
104
]
In October 2020, Toshiba made a decision to pull out of the system
LSI
business citing mounted losses while reportedly mulling on the sale of its semiconductor fabs as well.
[
105
]
[
106
]
In April 2021,
CVC Capital Partners
made a takeover offer.
[
107
]
On 12 November 2021, Toshiba announced that it would split into three separate companies. Two of the companies will respectively focus on infrastructure and electronic devices; the third, which will retain the Toshiba name, would manage the 40.6% stake in
Kioxia
and all other remaining assets. The company expected to complete the plan by March 2024
[
108
]
but the plan was challenged by stockholders, and at an extraordinary general meeting on 24 March 2022, they rejected the plan. They also rejected an alternative plan put forward by a large institutional investor that would have had the company search for buyers among private equity firms.
[
14
]
Toshiba announced in February 2022 that it plans to split into two companies instead after the original proposal proved unpopular with shareholders.
[
109
]
In March 2023, the company announced it had accepted a
¥
2
trillion (
$15
billion) buyout offer from a consortium of 20 companies, which was led by
Japan Industrial Partners
(JIP), a Tokyo-based private equity firm,
[
110
]
and includes
Orix
,
Chubu Electric Power
, and
Rohm
. On September 27, after the public offering was completed in the middle of that month, it was reported that it would be transferred to a new parent company, TBJH.
[
111
]
[
112
]
On 22 December 2023, it was announced that JIP's purchase of the company had been completed, two days after being delisted.
[
113
]
This move brought the company back to Japan after it had been run by overseas
activist investors
.
[
114
]
[
115
]
The Toshiba research and development facility in
Kawasaki, Kanagawa
, Japan
Toshiba Europe offices in
Neuss
,
Germany
Toshiba Canada offices
As of 2012, Toshiba had 39 R&D facilities worldwide, which employed around 4,180 people,
[
116
]
and was organized into four main business groupings: the Digital Products Group, the Electronic Devices Group, the Home Appliances Group and the Social Infrastructure Group.
[
116
]
In the year ended 31 March 2012, Toshiba had total revenues of
¥6,100.3 billion
, of which 25.2 percent was generated by the Digital Products Group, 24.5 percent by the Electronic Devices Group, 8.7 percent by the Home Appliances Group, 36.6 percent by the Social Infrastructure Group and 5 percent by other activities. In the same year, 45 percent of Toshiba's sales were generated in Japan and 55 percent in the rest of the world.
[
116
]
Toshiba invested a total of
¥319.9 billion
in R&D in the year ended 31 March 2012, equivalent to 5.2 percent of sales.
[
116
]
Toshiba registered a total of 2,483 patents in the United States in 2011, the fifth-largest number of any company (after
IBM
,
Samsung Electronics
,
Canon
and
Panasonic
).
[
116
]
Toshiba had around 141,256 employees as of 31 March 2018.
[
117
]
Products, services, and standards
[
edit
]
Toshiba has had a range of products and services, including air conditioners,
[
118
]
consumer electronics (including televisions and DVD and Blu-ray players),
[
119
]
control systems (including air-traffic control systems, railway systems, security systems and traffic control systems),
[
120
]
electronic point of sale equipment,
[
121
]
elevators and escalators,
[
122
]
home appliances (including refrigerators and washing machines),
[
118
]
IT services,
[
123
]
lighting,
[
118
]
[
124
]
materials and electronic components,
[
125
]
medical equipment (including CT and MRI scanners, ultrasound equipment and X-ray equipment),
[
126
]
office equipment,
[
121
]
[
127
]
business telecommunication equipment
[
128
]
personal computers,
[
119
]
semiconductors,
[
129
]
power systems (including electricity turbines, fuel cells and nuclear reactors)
[
130
]
power transmission and distribution systems,
[
120
]
and TFT displays.
[
131
]
A Toshiba elevator
TOSHIBA dynabook NX
TOSHIBA dynabook TV
Toshiba-AC100
Toshiba T1850 laptop dismantled
Toshiba
Regza
television
Toshiba
Blu-ray
disc player
A Toshiba cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.
Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio
Toshiba Portege G900 smartphone with a Russian interface of Windows Mobile, connected to the Belarusian operator Velcom.
Disassembled SD card "TOSHIBA SD-K16G".
Toshiba USB flash drive
Toshiba Thrive
TOSHIBA dynabook Qosmio
Toshiba G500
Toshiba zinc battery
Silicon thyristor
Toshiba Tecra 8100
Fujitsu Toshiba
Regza
smartphone
Toshiba microwave oven
Toshiba rice cooker
Toshiba air conditioner
Toshiba battery
Toshiba PC-G33
Toshiba washing machine
Toshiba T9769A integrated circuit
Slimline CD-ROM Drive Toshiba XM-7002B
Toshiba 85A2
Coin cell Toshiba CR2032
16MB SD Card by Toshiba
Toshiba TC4024BP - 7-stage binary ripple counter
Toshiba Super3B
Toshiba hard disk
Toshiba MK5065GSXF for Apple OEM
Toshiba TLUR123 3mm GaAsP
A Toshiba remote control.
Toshiba Aquilion Prime CT scanner
Toshiba Vantage Titan MRT-2004 MRI scanner
TOSHIBA AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT
Toshiba medical ultrasound scanner
ToshibaVision screen in use during the
ball drop
in
Times Square
from 2008 to 2018
Toshiba elevator in
Taipei 101
Toshiba escalators
Toshiba locomotive
Class HD300
Model of the nuclear power plant from Toshiba with Advanced boiling water reactor
HD DVD logo
Toshiba had played a critical role in the development and proliferation of
DVD
.
[
132
]
On 19 February 2008, Toshiba announced that it would be discontinuing its HD DVD storage format, the successor of DVD, following defeat in
a format war
against
Blu-ray
.
[
133
]
The HD DVD format had failed after most of the major US film studios backed the Blu-ray format, which was developed by
Sony
, Panasonic,
Philips
and
Pioneer Corporation
. Conceding the abandonment of HD DVD, Toshiba's president,
Atsutoshi Nishida
said "We concluded that a swift decision would be best [and] if we had continued, that would have created problems for consumers, and we simply had no chance to win".
[
134
]
Toshiba continued to supply retailers with machines until the end of March 2008, and continued to provide technical support to the estimated one million people worldwide who owned HD DVD players and recorders. Toshiba announced a new line of stand-alone Blu-ray players as well as drives for PCs and laptops, and subsequently joined the BDA, the industry body which oversees the development of the Blu-ray format.
[
135
]
REGZA wordmark
REGZA (Real Expression Guaranteed by amaZing Architecture) is a unified television brand owned and manufactured by Toshiba. In 2010 REGZA name disappeared from the North American market, and from March 2015
[
136
]
new TVs carrying the Toshiba name are designed and produced by
Compal Electronics
, a Taiwanese company, to which Toshiba has licensed its name. REGZA is also used in
Android
-based smartphones that were developed by Fujitsu Toshiba Mobile Communications.
In October 2010, Toshiba unveiled the Toshiba Regza GL1 21" LED-backlit LCD TV glasses-free
3D prototype
at
CEATEC
2010. This system supports 3D capability without glasses (utilizing an integral imaging system of 9 parallax images with a vertical lenticular sheet). The retail product was released in December 2010.
[
137
]
4K Ultra HD televisions
[
edit
]
4K Ultra HD
(3840×2160p) televisions provides four times the resolution of 1080p Full HD televisions. Toshiba's 4K HD LED televisions are powered by a CEVO 4K Quad + dual-core processor.
[
138
]
A Toshiba T1950CT notebook computer
In 1985, Toshiba released the
T1100
, the world's first commercially accepted
laptop PC
.
[
13
]
Toshiba designed and developed PCs, predominantly laptops, under several product lines including
Satellite
,
Portégé
,
Libretto
,
Qosmio
and
Tecra
. Toshiba initialized process of divestment of the personal computer and laptop business, Toshiba Client Solutions, in 2018 with sale of 80.1% of shares to
Sharp Corporation
. Eventually Toshiba fully exited from the personal computing market in June 2020, transferring the remaining 19.9% shares in Toshiba Client Solutions (since being renamed to
Dynabook Inc.
) to Sharp.
[
98
]
[
139
]
Toshiba's divested personal computing business adopted the Dynabook name after a
computer concept targeted for children
and after one of its product lines.
In the 1980s, a Toshiba team led by
Fujio Masuoka
invented
flash memory
, both NOR and NAND types. In March 2015, Toshiba announced the development of the first 48-layer, three-dimensional flash memory. The new flash memory is based on a vertical stacking technology that Toshiba calls BiCS (Bit Cost Scaling), stores two bits of data per transistor, and can store 128Gbits (16GB) per chip. This allowed flash memory to keep scaling up the capacity as
Moore's Law
was considered to be obsolete.
[
140
]
Toshiba's memory division was spun off as
Toshiba Memory Corporation
, now
Kioxia
.
Environmental record
[
edit
]
Toshiba has been judged as making "low" efforts to lessen its impact on the environment. In November 2012, they came second from the bottom in
Greenpeace
's 18th edition of the Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics companies according to their policies on products, energy, and sustainable operations.
[
141
]
Toshiba received 2.3 of a possible 10 points, with the top company (
WIPRO
) receiving 7.1 points. "Zero" scores were received in the categories "Clean energy policy advocacy", "Use of recycled plastics in products" and "Policy and practice on
sustainable sourcing
of fibres for paper". In 2010, Toshiba reported that all of its new LCD TVs comply with the
Energy Star
standards and 34 models exceed the requirements by 30% or more.
[
142
]
Toshiba partnered with China's Tsinghua University in 2008 in order to form a research facility to focus on energy conservation and the environment.
[
143
]
The new Toshiba Energy and Environment Research Center is located in Beijing where forty students from the university will work to research electric power equipment and new technologies that will help stop the global warming process.
[
143
]
Through this partnership, Toshiba hopes to develop products that will better protect the environment and save China.
[
143
]
This contract between Tsinghua University and Toshiba originally began in October 2007 when they signed an agreement on joint energy and environment research.
[
143
]
The projects that they conduct work to reduce car pollution and to create power systems that don't negatively affect the environment.
[
143
]
On 28 December 1970, Toshiba began the construction of unit 3 of the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
,
[
144
]
which was damaged in the
Fukushima I nuclear accidents
on 14 March 2011. In April 2011, CEO Norio Sasaki declared nuclear energy would "remain as a strong option" even after the Fukushima I nuclear accidents.
[
145
]
In late 2013, Toshiba entered the solar power business in Germany, installing PV systems on apartment buildings.
[
146
]
List of Toshiba subsidiaries
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(Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd)
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{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (
link
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"Toshiba Is Replacing Its Auditor PwC Over Irreconcilable Differences"
.
Fortune
. 26 April 2017
. Retrieved
27 April
2017
.
^
"Bain-Led Group to Buy Toshiba Chip Unit in $18 Billion Deal"
.
Bloomberg.com
. 20 September 2017
. Retrieved
5 December
2017
.
^
Mochizuki, Takashi; Landers, Peter; Cimilluca, Dana (20 September 2017).
"Toshiba Decides on Bain-Apple Group in Chip-Business Sale"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. New York City, New York, United States
. Retrieved
21 September
2017
.
^
"Toshiba sells its electronics department to Hisense"
.
The Verge
. Retrieved
15 November
2017
.
^
"Cash-strapped Toshiba bids farewell to Times Square and 'Sazae-san'
"
.
The Japan Times
. 22 November 2017.
ISSN
0447-5763
. Retrieved
5 December
2017
.
^
"Toshiba sells Westinghouse-related assets in USA"
. World Nuclear News. 6 April 2018
. Retrieved
12 April
2018
.
^
Osborne, Charlie.
"Toshiba formally leaves the laptop business"
.
ZDNet
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.
^
a
b
"Toshiba formally and finally exits laptop business"
.
www.theregister.com
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2020
.
^
Narioka, Kosaku (13 May 2019).
"Toshiba's Board Move Will Give Foreigners a Greater Voice"
.
The Wall Street Journal
.
ISSN
0099-9660
. Retrieved
16 July
2020
.
^
"News Release"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 9 February 2023.
^
"Toshiba's megawatt fuel cells have enough juice to power a factory"
.
Nikkei Asian Review
. Retrieved
27 July
2020
.
^
"Toshiba's Light Sensor Paves the Way for Cheap Lidar"
.
IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News
. 16 July 2020
. Retrieved
27 July
2020
.
^
Armasu, Lucian (18 January 2020).
"Toshiba Claims New Algorithm Runs Faster on Desktop PCs than Similar Algorithms on Supercomputers"
.
Tom's Hardware
. Retrieved
27 July
2020
.
^
"Microsoft's Azure Quantum Platform Now Offers Toshiba's 'Simulated Bifurcation Machine'
"
.
HPCwire
. 22 September 2020
. Retrieved
27 September
2020
.
^
"Toshiba to quit system LSI business"
.
DIGITIMES
. 30 September 2020
. Retrieved
23 November
2020
.
^
"Toshiba says no decision yet for fab sale"
.
DIGITIMES
. 20 November 2020
. Retrieved
23 November
2020
.
^
Toshiba confirms $20bn takeover bid from British fund
BBC News
7 April 2021
^
Fujikawa, Megumi; Landers, Peter (12 November 2021).
"Toshiba, Like GE, Plans to Split Into Three Units"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. Retrieved
12 November
2021
.
^
"Toshiba to sell stake in Carrier, split into two entities"
.
EconoTimes
. Elmin Media LLC. 8 February 2022
. Retrieved
24 September
2022
.
^
Landers, Peter (23 March 2023).
"Toshiba Announces $15 Billion Plan to Be Taken Private"
.
Wall Street Journal
. Retrieved
23 March
2023
.
^
"Japan's troubled Toshiba to delist after takeover by Japanese consortium succeeds"
.
abcnews
. 21 September 2023.
Archived
from the original on 21 September 2023.
^
"Toshiba succeeds at selling itself, delisting set for September 27"
.
The Register
. 21 September 2023.
Archived
from the original on 21 September 2023.
^
"Toshiba Completes $14 Bn Buyout, Identifies Chip Production Priority"
.
BW BusinessWorld
. Retrieved
20 January
2024
.
^
Bridge, Anton (20 December 2023).
"Toshiba to be delisted after 74 years, faces future with new owners"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
20 December
2023
.
^
"Toshiba board accepts Japan Industrial Partners' $15 billion buyout proposal"
.
CNBC
. 23 March 2023
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19 December
2023
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
"Annual Report 2012: Operational Review"
(PDF)
. Toshiba
. Retrieved
30 May
2012
.
^
"Toshiba Basic Corporate Data"
. Toshiba
. Retrieved
25 April
2019
.
^
a
b
c
"Toshiba Consumer Electronics Holdings Corporation"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
a
b
"Digital Products & Services Company"
. Toshiba Corporation. Archived from
the original
on 19 July 2012
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
a
b
"Social Infrastructure Systems Company"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
a
b
"Toshiba TEC Corporation"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Toshiba Solutions Corporation"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"New Lighting Systems Division"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Materials & Devices Division"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Multifunction Toshiba Printers, Business Scanner, Copiers & Fax"
.
www.opusdigital.co.uk
. Archived from
the original
on 11 November 2020
. Retrieved
15 December
2015
.
^
JDA, Inc. Retail Ready Design www.jdainc.com.
"Business Phone Systems- VoIP, IP Telephone Systems for SMB & Enterprises"
. Telecom.toshiba.com. Archived from
the original
on 18 June 2017
. Retrieved
20 March
2014
.
^
"Semiconductor & Storage Products Company"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Power Systems Company"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"Toshiba Mobile Display Co., Ltd"
. Toshiba Corporation
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
^
"History of DVD"
.
didyouknow.org
. Retrieved
27 September
2020
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^
"Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses"
(Press release). Toshiba. 19 February 2008
. Retrieved
15 April
2008
.
^
"Toshiba Gives Up On HD DVD; To Be Out By End Of March"
.
Forbes
. 19 February 2008
. Retrieved
18 November
2017
.
^
"Toshiba joins Blu-ray disc camp"
.
BBC News
. 10 August 2009
. Retrieved
6 January
2010
.
^
"Toshiba in Restructuring of Global TV Business"
(PDF)
(Press release). Toshiba. 29 January 2015
. Retrieved
7 August
2022
.
^
Vlad Savov (4 October 2010).
"Toshiba Regza GL1 wants you to put down the glasses, enjoy the 3D"
.
Engadget
.
^
"Loading site please wait..."
www.toshiba.com
. Archived from
the original
on 15 September 2015
. Retrieved
14 November
2013
.
^
"Toshiba shuts the lid on laptops after 35 years"
.
BBC News
. 10 August 2020
. Retrieved
16 September
2020
.
^
By Lucas Mearian, ComputerWorld. "
Toshiba announces industry's densest 3D flash memory
." 26 March 2015. 21 April 2015.
^
"Guide to Greener Electronics"
.
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. November 2012
. Retrieved
9 December
2013
.
^
"Development of Environmentally Conscious Products: Toshiba Visual Products Company / Toshiba Storage Products Company Environmental Conservation Activities"
. Toshiba. Archived from
the original
on 29 January 2011
. Retrieved
17 August
2010
.
^
a
b
c
d
e
"Japan's Corporate Network"
. 14 April 2008. Archived from
the original
on 12 August 2010
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27 April
2008
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^
"Nuclear Reactor Maps: Fukushima-Daiichi"
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. Retrieved
21 March
2011
.
^
Yasu, Mariko; Maki Shiraki (22 April 2011).
"Silver lining in sight for makers of solar panels"
.
The Japan Times
online. Archived from
the original
on 26 April 2011
. Retrieved
23 April
2011
.
For Toshiba, Japan's biggest maker of nuclear reactors, atomic energy still has the edge over other power sources. "Even if we hypothetically say an accident occurs once in every 30 years and that we need to consider the cost for radiation leak problems, we're also left with an issue of reducing carbon dioxide", Toshiba President Norio Sasaki said in Tokyo last week. "Nuclear power will remain as a strong option."
^
"Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, page 50"
(PDF)
. Retrieved
30 December
2016
.
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## Contents
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- [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#History)
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- [1\.1 Tanaka Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Tanaka_Seisakusho)
- [1\.2 Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Shibaura_Seisakusho)
- [1\.3 Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Hakunetsusha_\(Tokyo_Denki\))
- [1\.4 1939 to 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#1939_to_2000)
- [1\.5 2000 to 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#2000_to_2010)
- [1\.6 2010 to 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#2010_to_2014)
- [1\.7 2015 Accounting scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#2015_Accounting_scandal)
- [1\.8 2017 US nuclear construction liabilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#2017_US_nuclear_construction_liabilities)
- [1\.9 Present and future](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Present_and_future)
- [2 Operations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Operations)
- [3 Products, services, and standards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Products,_services,_and_standards)
Toggle Products, services, and standards subsection
- [3\.1 HD DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#HD_DVD)
- [3\.2 REGZA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#REGZA)
- [3\.2.1 3D television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#3D_television)
- [3\.2.2 4K Ultra HD televisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#4K_Ultra_HD_televisions)
- [3\.3 Personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Personal_computers)
- [3\.4 Flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Flash_memory)
- [4 Environmental record](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Environmental_record)
- [5 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#See_also)
- [6 Footnotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#Footnotes)
- [7 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#References)
- [8 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#External_links)
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# Toshiba
71 languages
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7 "توشيبا – Arabic")
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- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Asturian")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Azerbaijani")
- [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7 "توشیبا – South Azerbaijani")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0 "Тошиба – Bulgarian")
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- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Catalan")
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- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Corporation "Toshiba Corporation – Danish")
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- [Արեւմտահայերէն](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A1 "Թոշիպա – Western Armenian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Indonesian")
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- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D "東芝 – Japanese")
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- [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Malagasy")
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- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Malay")
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- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Dutch")
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- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Russian")
- [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Yakut")
- [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Scots")
- [سنڌي](https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7 "توشيبا – Sindhi")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Simple English")
- [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Slovak")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Slovenian")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Albanian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Swedish")
- [Ślůnski](https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Silesian")
- [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE "தோஷிபா – Tamil")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Tajik")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2 "โตชิบา – Thai")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Turkish")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Ukrainian")
- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Uzbek")
- [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Vietnamese")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%8A%9D "东芝 – Wu")
- [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba "Toshiba – Minnan")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D "東芝 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%8A%9D "东芝 – Chinese")
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- [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba)
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Japanese electronics conglomerate
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg)Logo used since 1981 | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lazona_Kawasaki_Toshiba_Building.jpg)Toshiba's headquarters in [Kawasaki, Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Japan | |
| Native name | 株式会社東芝 |
| [Romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization "Romanization") name | Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba |
| Formerly | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (English name 1939–1979; Japanese name 1939–1984) |
| Company type | [Private](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privately_held_company "Privately held company") |
| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") | [TYO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange "Tokyo Stock Exchange"): 6502 |
| Industry | [Conglomerate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_\(company\) "Conglomerate (company)") |
| Predecessors | [Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") |
| Founded | 11 July 1875; 150 years ago (1875-07-11) (as Shibaura Seisakusho) 1939; 87 years ago (1939) (as Toshiba) |
| Founders | [Tanaka Hisashige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Hisashige "Tanaka Hisashige") (for the Tanaka Seisakusho branch) Takayasu Mitsui (for the Shibuara Seisakusho branch) Miyoshi Shōichi and Fujioka Ichisuke (for the Hakunetsusha/Tokyo Denki branch) |
| Headquarters | [Saiwai-ku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiwai-ku,_Kawasaki "Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki"), [Kawasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Taro Shimada ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) Satoshi Tsunakawa ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman")) |
| Products | [Electrical equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_equipment "Electrical equipment") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software "Software") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure "Infrastructure") |
| Revenue |  [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen "Japanese yen")3,336.97 billion (FY2021)a[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") |  ¥158.94 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") |  ¥194.65 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") |  ¥3,734.52 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_\(finance\) "Equity (finance)") |  ¥1,366.66 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| Owner | [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") |
| Number of employees | 116,224 (2022)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-2) |
| [Subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary "Subsidiary") | List Toshiba Data Corporation Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation Toshiba Digital Solutions Corporation Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions Corporation Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corporation Toshiba Trading Inc. Toshiba America, Inc. Toshiba Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. Toshiba (Australia) Pty Limited. Toshiba (China) Co., Ltd. Toshiba Europe Ltd. Toshiba Gulf FZE |
| Website | [global.toshiba](https://www.global.toshiba/ww/top.html) |
| **Footnotes / references** a. Fiscal Year 2021 (FY2021) in this article is from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. b. Foundation date for one of the predecessor companies. The current company was established in 1904 as the direct successor of said company and its legal successor was founded in 1939. | |
**Toshiba Corporation** (株式会社東芝, *Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba*; English: [/toʊˈʃiːbə, tɒ\-, tə\-/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English") [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_\(eng\)-Flame,_not_lame-Toshiba.wav "File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Toshiba.wav")[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-3)) is a Japanese [multinational](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation "Multinational corporation") electronics company headquartered in [Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiwai-ku,_Kawasaki "Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki"), Kanagawa Prefecture. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, [semiconductors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor "Semiconductor"), [hard disk drives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive "Hard disk drive"), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as [IT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology "Information technology") solutions such as [quantum cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_cryptography "Quantum cryptography").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:1-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-quantumToshiba-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-6) It was formerly also one of the biggest manufacturers of [personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer"), [consumer electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_electronics "Consumer electronics"), [home appliances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_appliance "Home appliance"), and [medical equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_equipment "Medical equipment").
The Toshiba name is derived from its former name, **To**kyo **Shiba**ura Denki K.K.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-7) which in turn was a 1939 merger between [Shibaura Seisaku-sho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") (founded in 1875) and [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. A [technology company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_company "Technology company") with a long history and sprawling businesses, Toshiba is a household name in Japan and has long been viewed as a symbol of the country's technological prowess post-[World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-8) As a semiconductor company and the inventor of [flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory "Flash memory"), Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") in the late 2010s.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-10) The company was also relevant in consumer personal computers, releasing the first mass-market [laptop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop") in 1985 and later ranking as a major vendor of laptops; it exited the PC business in 2020 having divested it into [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-11)
Toshiba faced trouble during the 2010s amid a much-publicised accounting scandal that affected its reputation, and the bankruptcy of its subsidiary nuclear energy company [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") in 2017. This forced the conglomerate to shed a number of underperforming businesses, essentially eliminating the company's century-long presence in consumer markets.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170411-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:2-14) After a rejection to split the company,[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:4-15) Toshiba was purchased by a consortium led by [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") (JIP) and Tolba in 2023; Toshiba turned [private](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privately_held_company "Privately held company") as a result and was delisted after 74 years from the [Tokyo Stock Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange "Tokyo Stock Exchange"),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-16) where it was formerly a constituent of the [Nikkei 225](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkei_225 "Nikkei 225") and [TOPIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPIX "TOPIX") 100 indices.
## History
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: History")\]
### Tanaka Seisakusho
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Tanaka Seisakusho")\]
**Tanaka Seisakusho** (田中製作所; Tanaka Engineering Works) was the first company established by [Tanaka Hisashige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Hisashige "Tanaka Hisashige") (1799–1881), one of the most original and productive inventor-engineers during the Tokugawa / [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period"). Established on 11 July 1875,[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-17)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-18) it was the first Japanese company to manufacture [telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph "Telegraph") equipment. It also manufactured switches, and miscellaneous electrical and communications equipment.
The company was inherited by Tanaka's adopted son, and later became half of the present Toshiba company. Several people who worked at Tanaka Seisakusho or who received Tanaka's guidance at a Kubusho (Ministry of Industries) factory later became pioneers themselves. These included [Miyoshi Shōichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyoshi_Sh%C5%8Dichi&action=edit&redlink=1 "Miyoshi Shōichi (page does not exist)") \[[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%89%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80 "jp:三吉正一")\] who helped [Fujioka Ichisuke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujioka_Ichisuke&action=edit&redlink=1 "Fujioka Ichisuke (page does not exist)") \[[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%A9 "jp:藤岡市助")\] make the first power generator in Japan and to establish a company, [Hakunetsusha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") to make bulbs; [Oki Kibatarō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Kibatar%C5%8D "Oki Kibatarō"), the founder of the present Oki Denki ([Oki Electric Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry "Oki Electric Industry")); and [Ishiguro Keizaburō](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishiguro_Keizabur%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ishiguro Keizaburō (page does not exist)"), a co-founder of the present [Anritsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anritsu "Anritsu").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
After the demise of the founder in 1881, Tanaka Seisakusho became partly owned by [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") and expanded into the production of [torpedoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo "Torpedo") and [mines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_mine "Naval mine") at the request of the [Imperial Japanese Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy "Imperial Japanese Navy"), to become one of the largest manufacturing companies of the time; however, as the Navy started to use competitive bids and then build its own works, the demand decreased substantially and the company started to lose money. The main creditor to the company, [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Bank, took over the insolvent company in 1893 and renamed it [Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") (Shibaura Engineering Works).[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
### Shibaura Seisakusho
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Shibaura Seisakusho")\]
**Shibaura Seisakusho** (芝浦製作所; Shibaura Engineering Works) was the new name given to Tanaka Seisakusho after it was declared insolvent in 1893 and taken over by [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Bank. In 1910, it formed a tie-up with [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") (GE), which, in exchange for technology, acquired about a quarter of the shares of Shibaura. The relation with GE continued until the beginning of [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") and resumed in 1953 with GE's 24 percent shareholding in the successor company, Tokyo Shibaura Denki. This percentage decreased substantially since then.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
### Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)")\]
**Hakunetsusha** (白熱舎) was a company established by [Miyoshi Shōichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyoshi_Sh%C5%8Dichi&action=edit&redlink=1 "Miyoshi Shōichi (page does not exist)") and [Fujioka Ichisuke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujioka_Ichisuke&action=edit&redlink=1 "Fujioka Ichisuke (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%A9 "ja:藤岡市助")\], two of Japan's industrial pioneers during the Tokugawa / [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period"). It specialized in the manufacturing of lightbulbs. The company was established in 1890 and started out by selling bulbs using bamboo filaments; however, following the opening up of trade with the West through the [Unequal treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unequal_treaty "Unequal treaty"), [Hakunetsusha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") met with fierce competition from imports. Its bulb cost about 60 percent more than the imports and the quality was poorer.
The company managed to survive with the booms after the [First Sino-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War "First Sino-Japanese War") of 1894–95 and the [Russo-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War "Russo-Japanese War") of 1904–05, but afterward its financial position was precarious. In 1905, the company was renamed [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Denki "Tokyo Denki") (Tokyo Electric) and entered into a financial and technological collaboration with [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") of the US. General Electric acquired 51 percent share of ownership, sent a vice president, and provided the technology for bulb-making. Production equipment was bought from GE and Tokyo Denki soon started selling its products with GE's trademark.
### 1939 to 2000
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: 1939 to 2000")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Vacuum_tube_Radio.jpg)
AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-20) and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) ([**東**京](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC "wikt:東京") [**芝**浦](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E6%B5%A6 "wikt:芝浦") [電気](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97 "wikt:電気")). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-21)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Expo85_toshiba.jpg)
The Toshiba pavilion at [Expo '85](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2785 "Expo '85")
The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of organic growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering, and primary industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s. Groups created include [Toshiba Music Industries/Toshiba EMI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan "EMI Music Japan") (1960), Toshiba International Corporation (the 1970s), Toshiba Electrical Equipment (1974), Toshiba Chemical (1974), Toshiba Lighting and Technology (1989), Toshiba America Information Systems (1989) and Toshiba Carrier Corporation (1999). The first mini-split ductless [air conditioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioner "Air conditioner") was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-22)
Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1912)\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\], the TAC digital computer (1954), transistor television, color CRTs[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-23) and microwave oven (1959), [color video phone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videophone "Videophone") (1971), Japanese [word processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor "Word processor") (1978), MRI system (1982), personal computer [Pasopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia "Toshiba Pasopia") (1981), laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), DVD (1995), the [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libretto_\(notebook\) "Libretto (notebook)") sub-notebook personal computer (1996) and [HD DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVD "HD DVD") (2005). In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp (Sociedade Eletromercantil Paulista), subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies' South American operations.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Logo_1950.svg)
In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo, known as the "Umbrella Mark", was used from 1950 to 1969, and then as a primary logo between 1969 and 1984. It was also used later on for hard drives.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-24)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Logo_1969.svg)
Toshiba's secondary logo used from 1969 to 1984, used in tandem with the umbrella logo above[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-toshiba.co.jp-25)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg)
Toshiba logo, used since 1984[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-toshiba.co.jp-25)
In 1987, Toshiba Machine, a subsidiary of Toshiba, was accused of illegally selling CNC [milling machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine "Milling machine") used to produce very quiet [submarine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine "Submarine") propellers to the [Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union") in violation of the [CoCom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoCom "CoCom") agreement, an international [embargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embargo "Embargo") on certain countries to [COMECON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMECON "COMECON") countries. The [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba-Kongsberg_scandal "Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal") involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company [Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsberg_Defence_%26_Aerospace "Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace"). The incident strained relations between the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") and [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"), and resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two senior executives, as well as the imposition of [sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sanctions "Economic sanctions") on the company by both countries.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-26) Senator [John Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Heinz "John Heinz") of Pennsylvania said: "What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for \$517 million."
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG)
World-first Japanese [word processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor "Word processor") Toshiba JW-10 (1979)
### 2000 to 2010
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: 2000 to 2010")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshibo-Nuon-SD-2300-DVD-Player-Front-1.jpg)
A [Nuon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuon_\(DVD_technology\) "Nuon (DVD technology)"), an obscure DVD/Console hybrid, manufactured by Toshiba in 2000.
In 2001, Toshiba signed a contract with [Orion Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Electric "Orion Electric"), one of the world's largest [OEM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer "Original equipment manufacturer") consumer video electronic makers and suppliers, to manufacture and supply finished consumer TV and video products for Toshiba to meet the increasing demand for the North American market. The contract ended in 2008, ending seven years of OEM production with Orion.
In December 2004, Toshiba quietly announced it would discontinue manufacturing traditional in-house [cathode-ray tube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube "Cathode-ray tube") (CRT) televisions. In 2005, Matsushita Toshiba Picture Display Co. Ltd. (a joint venture between [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") and Toshiba created in 2002[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-27)) stopped production of CRTs at its factory in Horseheads, New York. A year later, in 2006, it stopped production at its Malaysian factory, following heavy losses.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-30) In 2006, Toshiba terminated sales of CRT TVs in Japan[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-31) and production of in-house plasma TVs. To ensure its future competitiveness in the flat-panel digital television and display market, Toshiba has made a considerable investment in a new kind of display technology called [SED](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display "Surface-conduction electron-emitter display"). This technology was never sold to the public, as it was not price-competitive with LCDs. Toshiba sold its share in SED Inc. to [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") after Nano-Proprietary, which owns several patents related to SED technology, claimed SED Inc. was not a subsidiary of Canon.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-32)
Before [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), Toshiba was a member of the [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Group [zaibatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaibatsu "Zaibatsu") (family-controlled [vertical monopoly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_monopoly "Vertical monopoly")). Today Toshiba is a member of the Mitsui [keiretsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiretsu "Keiretsu") (a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings), and still has preferential arrangements with Mitsui Bank and the other members of the keiretsu. Membership in a keiretsu has traditionally meant loyalty, both corporate and private, to other members of the keiretsu or allied keiretsu. This loyalty can extend as far as the [beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer "Beer") the employees consume, which in Toshiba's case is [Asahi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi_Breweries "Asahi Breweries").
In July 2005, [BNFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNFL "BNFL") confirmed it planned to sell [Westinghouse Electric Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company"), then estimated to be worth \$1.8 billion (£1 billion).[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-33) The bid attracted interest from several companies including Toshiba, [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") and [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries") and when the *[Financial Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times "Financial Times")* reported on 23 January 2006 that Toshiba had won the bid, it valued the company's offer at \$5 billion (£2.8 billion). The sale of Westinghouse by the Government of the United Kingdom surprised many industry experts, who questioned the wisdom of selling one of the world's largest producers of nuclear reactors shortly before the market for nuclear power was expected to grow substantially; [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"), the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") and the [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") were all expected to invest heavily in nuclear power.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-34) The acquisition of [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") for \$5.4 billion was completed on 17 October 2006, with Toshiba obtaining a 77 percent share, and partners [The Shaw Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shaw_Group "The Shaw Group") a 20 percent share and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. a 3 percent share.
In late 2007, Toshiba took over from [Discover Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discover_Card "Discover Card") as the sponsor of the top-most screen of [One Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Times_Square "One Times Square") in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-35) It displays the iconic 60-second [New Year's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve "New Year's Eve") countdown on its screen, as well as messages, greetings, and advertisements for the company. The sponsor of the New Year's countdown was taken over by [Capital One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_One "Capital One") on 31 December 2018. In January 2009, Toshiba acquired the [HDD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive "Hard disk drive") business of [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-37)
### 2010 to 2014
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: 2010 to 2014")\]
Toshiba announced on 16 May 2011, that it had agreed to acquire all of the shares of the Swiss-based advanced-power-meter maker [Landis+Gyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landis%2BGyr "Landis+Gyr") for \$2.3 billion.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-38) In 2010 the company released a series of television models including the WL768, YL863, VL963 designed in collaboration with Danish designer [Timothy Jacob Jensen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Jacob_Jensen "Timothy Jacob Jensen").[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-39) In April 2012, Toshiba agreed to acquire [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM")'s point-of-sale business for \$850 million, making it the world's largest vendor of point-of-sale systems.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-40)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-41)
In July 2012, Toshiba was accused of fixing the prices of LCD panels in the United States at a high level. While such claims were denied by Toshiba,[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-42) they agreed to settle alongside several other manufacturers for a total of \$571 million.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-43) In December 2013, Toshiba completed its acquisition of Vijai Electricals Limited plant at Hyderabad and set up its own base for manufacturing of transmission and distribution products (transformers and switchgears) under the Social Infrastructure Group in India as Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Private Limited.
In January 2014, Toshiba completed its acquisition of [OCZ Storage Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ_Storage_Solutions "OCZ Storage Solutions").[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-44) OCZ Technology stock was halted on 27 November 2013. OCZ then stated they expected to file a petition for bankruptcy and that Toshiba Corporation had expressed interest in purchasing its assets in a bankruptcy proceeding.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-45)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-46) On 2 December 2013, OCZ announced Toshiba had agreed to purchase nearly all of OCZ's assets for \$35 million.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-47) The deal was completed on 21 January 2014 when the assets of OCZ Technology Group became a new independently operated subsidiary of Toshiba named OCZ Storage Solutions.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-48) OCZ Technology Group then changed its name to ZCO Liquidating Corporation;[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-49) on 18 August 2014, ZCO Liquidating Corporation and its subsidiaries were liquidated.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-50) [OCZ Storage Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ_Storage_Solutions "OCZ Storage Solutions") was dissolved on 1 April 2016 and absorbed into Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc.,[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-CompanyWebsite2-51)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Valich2-52) with OCZ becoming a brand of Toshiba.
In March 2014, Toshiba sued [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix"), accusing the company of stealing technology of its NAND flash memory.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-53) In the late same year, the two companies settled with a deal in which SK Hynix pays US\$278 million to Toshiba.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-54) Toshiba had sued Hynix in the early 2000s for [patent infringement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_infringement "Patent infringement").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-55) In October 2014, Toshiba and [United Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Technologies "United Technologies") agreed a deal to expand their joint venture outside [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan").[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-56)
### 2015 Accounting scandal
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: 2015 Accounting scandal")\]
Toshiba first announced in May 2015 that it was investigating an accounting scandal and it might have to revise its profits for the previous three years.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-58) On 21 July 2015, CEO Hisao Tanaka announced his resignation amid an accounting scandal that he called "the most damaging event for our brand in the company's 140-year history". Profits had been inflated by \$1.2 billion over the previous seven years.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-59) Eight other senior officials also resigned, including the two previous CEOs.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-60) Chairman Masashi Muromachi was appointed acting CEO.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20150721-61) Following the scandal, Toshiba Corp. was removed from a stock index showcasing Japan's best companies. That was the second reshuffle of the index, which picks companies with the best operating income, return on equity and market value.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-62)
Toshiba announced in early 2015 that they would stop making televisions in its own factories. From 2015 onward, Toshiba televisions will be made by [Compal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compal_Electronics "Compal Electronics") for the U.S., or by [Vestel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestel "Vestel") and other manufacturers for the European market. In September 2015, Toshiba shares fell to their lowest point in two and a half years. The firm said in a statement that its net losses for the quarterly period were 12.3 billion yen (\$102m; £66m). The company noted poor performances in its televisions, home appliances and personal computer businesses.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-63) In October 2015, Toshiba sold the image sensor business to [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-64) In December 2015, Muromachi said the episode had wiped about \$8 billion off Toshiba's market value. He forecast a record 550 billion yen (about US\$4.6 billion) annual loss and warned the company would have to overhaul its TV and computer businesses. Toshiba would not be raising funds for two years, he said. The next week, a company spokesperson announced Toshiba would seek 300 billion yen (\$2.5 billion) in 2016, taking the company's indebtedness to more than 1 trillion yen (about \$8.3 billion).[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-65)
In January 2016, Toshiba's security division unveiled a new bundle of services for schools that use its surveillance equipment. The program, which is intended for both K-12 and higher education, includes education discounts, alerts, and post-warranty support, among other features, on its IP-based security gear.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-66) In March 2016, Toshiba was preparing to start construction on a cutting-edge new semiconductor plant in Japan that would mass-produce chips based on the ultra-dense flash variant. Toshiba expected to spend approximately 360 billion yen, or \$3.2 billion, on the project through May 2019.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-67) In April 2016, Toshiba recalled 100,000 faulty laptop lithium-ion batteries, which were made by [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic"), that can overheat, posing burn and fire hazards to consumers, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Toshiba first announced the recall in January and said it was recalling the batteries in certain Toshiba Notebook computers sold since June 2011.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-68)
In May 2016, it was announced that Satoshi Tsunakawa, the former head of Toshiba's medical equipment division, was named CEO. This appointment came after the accounting scandal that occurred.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-69)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-70) In September 2016, Toshiba announced the first wireless power receiver [IC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit "Integrated circuit") using the [Qi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_\(standard\) "Qi (standard)") 1.2.2 specification, developed in association with the [Wireless Power Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Power_Consortium "Wireless Power Consortium").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-71) In December 2016, [Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Medical_Systems_Corporation "Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation") was acquired by [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-72) A Chinese electrical appliance corporation [Midea Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midea_Group "Midea Group") bought a controlling 80.1% stake in the Toshiba Home Appliances Group.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-74)
### 2017 US nuclear construction liabilities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: 2017 US nuclear construction liabilities")\]
In late December 2016, the management of Toshiba requested an "urgent press briefing" to announce that the newly-found losses in the [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") subsidiary from [Vogtle Electric Generating Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogtle_Electric_Generating_Plant "Vogtle Electric Generating Plant") nuclear plant construction would lead to a write-down of several billion dollars, bankrupting Westinghouse and threatening to bankrupt Toshiba. The exact amount of the liabilities was unavailable.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-76) In January 2017, a person with direct knowledge of the matter reported that the company plans on making its memory chip division a separate business, to save Toshiba from bankruptcy.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-77)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-79)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-81)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-83)
In February 2017, Toshiba revealed unaudited details of a 390 billion yen (\$3.4 billion) corporate wide loss, mainly arising from its majority owned US based [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") nuclear construction subsidiary which was written down by 712 billion yen (\$6.3 billion). On 14 February 2017, Toshiba delayed filing financial results, and chairman Shigenori Shiga, formerly chairman of Westinghouse, resigned.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20170214-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170214a-85)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170214b-86) Construction delays, regulatory changes and cost overruns at Westinghouse-built nuclear facilities [Vogtle units 3 and 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogtle_Electric_Generating_Plant "Vogtle Electric Generating Plant") in Waynesboro, Georgia and [VC Summer units 2 and 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil_C._Summer_Nuclear_Generating_Station "Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station") in South Carolina, were cited as the main causes of the dramatic fall in Toshiba's financial performance and collapse in the share price. Fixed priced construction contracts negotiated by Westinghouse with Georgia Power left Toshiba with uncharted liabilities that resulted in the sale of key Toshiba operating subsidiaries to secure the company's future.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-87)
Westinghouse filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection on 29 March 2017.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20170330-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-89) Toshiba was estimated to have a 9 billion dollar annual net loss.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:0-90) On 11 April 2017, Toshiba filed unaudited quarterly results. Auditors [PricewaterhouseCoopers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers "PricewaterhouseCoopers") had not signed off on the accounts because of uncertainties at Westinghouse. Toshiba stated that "substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern exists".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170411-12)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-nasdaq-20170411-91) On 25 April 2017, Toshiba announced its decision to replace its auditor after less than a year. Earlier in April, the company filed twice-delayed business results without an endorsement from auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:0-90)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-92)
On 20 September 2017, Toshiba's board approved a deal to sell its memory chip business to a group led by [Bain Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bain_Capital "Bain Capital") for US\$18 billion, with financial backing by companies such as [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), [Dell Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Technologies "Dell Technologies"), [Hoya Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoya_Corporation "Hoya Corporation"), [Kingston Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Technology "Kingston Technology"), [Seagate Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology"), and [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix").[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-93)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-wsj-cimiluca-94) The newly independent company was named [Toshiba Memory Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Memory_Corporation "Toshiba Memory Corporation"), and then renamed [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia"). On 15 November 2017, [Hisense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisense "Hisense") reached a deal to acquire 95% of Toshiba Visual Solutions ([television sets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_set "Television set")) for US\$113.6 million.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-95) Later that month, the company announced that it would pull out of its long-standing sponsorships of the Japanese television programs *[Sazae-san](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazae-san "Sazae-san")*, *Nichiyō Gekijo*, and the video screens on top of [One Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Times_Square "One Times Square") in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City"). The company cited that the value of these placements were reduced by its exit from consumer-oriented lines of business.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-96) On 6 April 2018, Toshiba announced the completion of the sale of Westinghouse's holding company to [Brookfield Business Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookfield_Business_Partners "Brookfield Business Partners") and some partners for \$4.6 billion.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-wnn-20180406-97)
### Present and future
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Present and future")\]
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lazona_Kawasaki_Toshiba_Building.jpg "Toshiba Science Museum in Kawasaki, Japan")
[Toshiba Science Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Science_Institute "Toshiba Science Institute") in [Kawasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Japan
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Himeji.jpg "Toshiba factory in Taishi, Japan")
Toshiba factory in [Taishi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taishi,_Hy%C5%8Dgo "Taishi, Hyōgo"), Japan
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elevator_Research_Tower_of_Toshiba_Fuchu_Complex.jpg "Elevator Research Tower of Toshiba Fuchu Complex. The largest factory complex in the Toshiba organization")
Elevator Research Tower of Toshiba Fuchu Complex. The largest factory complex in the Toshiba organization
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Rinkan_Hospital.jpg "Toshiba Rinkan Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan")
Toshiba Rinkan Hospital, [Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa "Kanagawa"), Japan
In June 2018, Toshiba sold 80.1% of its Client Solutions ([personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer")) business unit to [Sharp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation") for \$36m, with an option allowing Sharp to buy the remaining 19.9% share.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-98) Sharp renamed the business to [Dynabook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc."), a brand name Toshiba had used in Japan, and started releasing products under that name. On 30 June 2020, Sharp exercised its option to acquire the remaining 19.9% percent of Dynabook shares from Toshiba.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:3-99) In May 2019, Toshiba announced that it would put non-Japanese investors on its board for the first time in nearly 80 years.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-100) In November, the company transferred its logistics service business to SBS Group.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-101)
In January 2020, Toshiba unveiled its plan to launch quantum cryptography services by September the same year.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-quantumToshiba-5) It also announced a number of other technologies waiting for commercialization, including an affordable solid-state [Lidar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar "Lidar") based on [silicon photomultiplier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_photomultiplier "Silicon photomultiplier"), high-capacity [hydrogen fuel cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_fuel_cells "Hydrogen fuel cells"),[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-102)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-103) and a proprietary [computer algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm "Algorithm") named *Simulated Bifurcation Algorithm* that mimics [quantum computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing "Quantum computing"), of which it plans to sell access to other parties such as financial institutions, social networking services, etc. The company claims the algorithm running on a desktop PC at room temperature environment is capable of surpassing the performance of similar algorithms running on existing [supercomputers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer "Supercomputer"), even that of laser-based quantum computer when a specialized setting is given.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-104) It has been added to quantum computing services offered by major cloud platforms including [Microsoft Azure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azure "Microsoft Azure").[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-105) In October 2020, Toshiba made a decision to pull out of the system [LSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit#LSI "Integrated circuit") business citing mounted losses while reportedly mulling on the sale of its semiconductor fabs as well.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-106)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-107) In April 2021, [CVC Capital Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVC_Capital_Partners "CVC Capital Partners") made a takeover offer.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-108)
On 12 November 2021, Toshiba announced that it would split into three separate companies. Two of the companies will respectively focus on infrastructure and electronic devices; the third, which will retain the Toshiba name, would manage the 40.6% stake in [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") and all other remaining assets. The company expected to complete the plan by March 2024[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Breakup_-_WSJ-109) but the plan was challenged by stockholders, and at an extraordinary general meeting on 24 March 2022, they rejected the plan. They also rejected an alternative plan put forward by a large institutional investor that would have had the company search for buyers among private equity firms.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:4-15) Toshiba announced in February 2022 that it plans to split into two companies instead after the original proposal proved unpopular with shareholders.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-110)
In March 2023, the company announced it had accepted a [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen "Japanese yen")2 trillion (\$15 billion) buyout offer from a consortium of 20 companies, which was led by [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") (JIP), a Tokyo-based private equity firm,[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-111) and includes [Orix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orix "Orix"), [Chubu Electric Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubu_Electric_Power "Chubu Electric Power"), and [Rohm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohm "Rohm"). On September 27, after the public offering was completed in the middle of that month, it was reported that it would be transferred to a new parent company, TBJH.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-112)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-113) On 22 December 2023, it was announced that JIP's purchase of the company had been completed, two days after being delisted.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-114) This move brought the company back to Japan after it had been run by overseas [activist investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_investor "Activist investor").[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-115)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-116)
## Operations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Operations")\]
See also: [List of Toshiba subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toshiba_subsidiaries "List of Toshiba subsidiaries")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_research_and_development_center_Komukaitoshiba.jpg "The Toshiba research and development facility in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan")
The Toshiba research and development facility in [Kawasaki, Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Japan
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TEG_Gebaeude.jpg "Toshiba Europe offices in Neuss, Germany")
Toshiba Europe offices in [Neuss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuss "Neuss"), [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ToshibaCanada2.jpg "Toshiba Canada offices")
Toshiba Canada offices
As of 2012, Toshiba had 39 R\&D facilities worldwide, which employed around 4,180 people,[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) and was organized into four main business groupings: the Digital Products Group, the Electronic Devices Group, the Home Appliances Group and the Social Infrastructure Group.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) In the year ended 31 March 2012, Toshiba had total revenues of ¥6,100.3 billion, of which 25.2 percent was generated by the Digital Products Group, 24.5 percent by the Electronic Devices Group, 8.7 percent by the Home Appliances Group, 36.6 percent by the Social Infrastructure Group and 5 percent by other activities. In the same year, 45 percent of Toshiba's sales were generated in Japan and 55 percent in the rest of the world.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117)
Toshiba invested a total of ¥319.9 billion in R\&D in the year ended 31 March 2012, equivalent to 5.2 percent of sales.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) Toshiba registered a total of 2,483 patents in the United States in 2011, the fifth-largest number of any company (after [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM"), [Samsung Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics"), [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") and [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic")).[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) Toshiba had around 141,256 employees as of 31 March 2018.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-corporatedata-118)
## Products, services, and standards
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Products, services, and standards")\]
Toshiba has had a range of products and services, including air conditioners,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119) consumer electronics (including televisions and DVD and Blu-ray players),[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-dps-120) control systems (including air-traffic control systems, railway systems, security systems and traffic control systems),[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-sisc-121) electronic point of sale equipment,[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tec-122) elevators and escalators,[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-123) home appliances (including refrigerators and washing machines),[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119) IT services,[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-124) lighting,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-125) materials and electronic components,[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-126) medical equipment (including CT and MRI scanners, ultrasound equipment and X-ray equipment),[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-127) office equipment,[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tec-122)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-128) business telecommunication equipment[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-129) personal computers,[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-dps-120) semiconductors,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-130) power systems (including electricity turbines, fuel cells and nuclear reactors)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-131) power transmission and distribution systems,[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-sisc-121) and TFT displays.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-132)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_lift.jpg "A Toshiba elevator")
A Toshiba elevator
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_NX.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook NX")
TOSHIBA dynabook NX
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_TV.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook TV")
TOSHIBA dynabook TV
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba-AC100.jpg "Toshiba-AC100")
Toshiba-AC100
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_T1850_laptop_dismantled.jpg "Toshiba T1850 laptop dismantled")
Toshiba T1850 laptop dismantled
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Regza_S_Series.jpg "Toshiba Regza television")
Toshiba [Regza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regza "Regza") television
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_BDX_2250_Wi-Fi_Blu-ray_Disc_Player.jpg "Toshiba Blu-ray disc player")
Toshiba [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") disc player
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IFA_2005_Toshiba_HBS_A_001_HD-DVD_Player_\(Dual-Layer_HD-DVD_30GB\)_and_\(DVD-HD-DVD-Twin-Disc_5GB_15GB\)_\(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom\).jpg "Toshiba HD-DVD player")
Toshiba [HD-DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD-DVD "HD-DVD") player
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Qosmio_X70-A-12N_PSPLTE-2895.jpg "Toshiba Qosmio notebook")
Toshiba [Qosmio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qosmio "Qosmio") notebook
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_old_television.jpg "A Toshiba cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.")
A Toshiba cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Vacuum_tube_Radio.jpg "Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio")
Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Portege_G900_in_hand.jpg "Toshiba Portege G900 smartphone with a Russian interface of Windows Mobile, connected to the Belarusian operator Velcom.")
Toshiba Portege G900 smartphone with a Russian interface of Windows Mobile, connected to the Belarusian operator Velcom.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembling_TOSHIBA_SD-K16G.jpg "Disassembled SD card \"TOSHIBA SD-K16G\".")
Disassembled SD card "TOSHIBA SD-K16G".
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verpackung_einer_MicroSD-Speicherkarte.jpg "Toshiba microSD card")
Toshiba [microSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroSD "MicroSD") card
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_THN-U301W0320A4_20170814b.jpg "Toshiba USB flash drive")
Toshiba USB flash drive
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Thrive.jpg "Toshiba Thrive")
Toshiba Thrive
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_Qosmio.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook Qosmio")
TOSHIBA dynabook Qosmio
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_G500.jpg "Toshiba G500")
Toshiba G500
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_zinc_battery.jpg "Toshiba zinc battery")
Toshiba zinc battery
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_S-6080B.jpg "Silicon thyristor")
Silicon thyristor
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Tecra_8100.jpg "Toshiba Tecra 8100")
Toshiba Tecra 8100
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu_docomo_REGZA_Phone_Licensed_by_TOSHIBA_T-01D_Black_Back.JPG "Fujitsu Toshiba Regza smartphone")
Fujitsu Toshiba [Regza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regza "Regza") [smartphone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone "Smartphone")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Microwave_Oven_ER-J3_.jpg "Toshiba microwave oven")
Toshiba microwave oven
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%82%8A%E9%A3%AF%E5%99%A8_RCK-10GF_20110604.jpg "Toshiba rice cooker")
Toshiba rice cooker
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2017-09-19_\(304\)_Air_conditioner_Toshiba_RAV-SP564AT-E_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg "Toshiba air conditioner")
Toshiba air conditioner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Batt-6F22KG-Toshiba--21lyeyxy.jpg "Toshiba battery")
Toshiba battery
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_PC-G33.jpg "Toshiba PC-G33")
Toshiba PC-G33
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_washing_machine_2024-12-22.jpg "Toshiba washing machine")
Toshiba washing machine
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_SCiB_cell_in_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2011.jpg "Toshiba SCiB rechargeable battery")
Toshiba SCiB [rechargeable battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_battery "Rechargeable battery")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T9769A_01.jpg "Toshiba T9769A integrated circuit")
Toshiba T9769A integrated circuit
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_XM-7002B-1168.jpg "Slimline CD-ROM Drive Toshiba XM-7002B")
Slimline CD-ROM Drive Toshiba XM-7002B
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_85A2.JPG "Toshiba 85A2")
Toshiba 85A2
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_CR2032-92326.jpg "Coin cell Toshiba CR2032")
Coin cell Toshiba CR2032
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:16_MB_SD_Card,_Toshiba-2724.jpg "16MB SD Card by Toshiba")
16MB SD Card by Toshiba
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SEU-3_-_Toshiba_TC4024BP-3849.jpg "Toshiba TC4024BP - 7-stage binary ripple counter")
Toshiba TC4024BP - 7-stage binary ripple counter
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Super3B.JPG "Toshiba Super3B")
Toshiba Super3B
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_MK4313MAT_HDD_\(dark1\).jpg "Toshiba hard disk")
Toshiba hard disk
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_MK5065GSXF_for_Apple_OEM.jpg "Toshiba MK5065GSXF for Apple OEM")
Toshiba MK5065GSXF for Apple OEM
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_TLUR123_3mm_GaAsP.jpg "Toshiba TLUR123 3mm GaAsP")
Toshiba TLUR123 3mm GaAsP
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Remote_Model_CT-90325.jpg "A Toshiba remote control.")
A Toshiba remote control.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5.jpg "Toshiba Aquilion Prime CT scanner")
Toshiba Aquilion Prime CT scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA,_MRI_Vantage_Titan_MRT-2004,.jpg "Toshiba Vantage Titan MRT-2004 MRI scanner")
Toshiba Vantage Titan MRT-2004 MRI scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_AIR_CONDITIONER_OUTDOOR_UNIT.jpg "TOSHIBA AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT")
TOSHIBA AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MedicalSonographicScanner.jpg "Toshiba medical ultrasound scanner")
Toshiba medical ultrasound scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg "ToshibaVision screen in use during the ball drop in Times Square from 2008 to 2018")
ToshibaVision screen in use during the [ball drop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Ball "Times Square Ball") in [Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square "Times Square") from 2008 to 2018
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97101%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%87%E9%99%8D%E6%A9%9F.JPG "Toshiba elevator in Taipei 101")
Toshiba elevator in [Taipei 101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101 "Taipei 101")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HK_%E8%91%B5%E9%9D%92%E5%8D%80_Kwai_Tsing_%E9%9D%92%E8%8D%83%E8%B7%AF_Tsing_Tsuen_Road_%E9%9D%92%E8%A1%A3%E5%9F%8E_Maritime_Square_2_Two_shopping_mall_escalators_April_2022_Px3_05.jpg "Toshiba escalators")
Toshiba escalators
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRF-HD300-901-00.jpg "Toshiba locomotive Class HD300")
Toshiba locomotive [Class HD300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_HD300 "Class HD300")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JGSDF_Type_93_Surface-to-air_missile\(04-4187\)_right_front_view_at_Camp_Shinodayama_April_16,_2017_03.jpg "Toshiba Type 93 surface-to-air missile")
Toshiba [Type 93 surface-to-air missile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_93_surface-to-air_missile "Type 93 surface-to-air missile")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Type_81_SAM_-_launcher.jpg "Toshiba Tan-SAM Type 81 SAM 6 x 6 launcher")
Toshiba [Tan-SAM Type 81 SAM 6 x 6 launcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_81_\(missile\) "Type 81 (missile)")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ABWR_Toshiba_1.jpg "Model of the nuclear power plant from Toshiba with Advanced boiling water reactor")
Model of the nuclear power plant from Toshiba with Advanced boiling water reactor
### HD DVD
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: HD DVD")\]
Main article: [HD DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVD "HD DVD")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HD-DVD.svg "HD DVD logo")
HD DVD logo
Toshiba had played a critical role in the development and proliferation of [DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD "DVD").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-133) On 19 February 2008, Toshiba announced that it would be discontinuing its HD DVD storage format, the successor of DVD, following defeat in [a format war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_optical_disc_format_war "High-definition optical disc format war") against [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc "Blu-ray Disc").[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-134) The HD DVD format had failed after most of the major US film studios backed the Blu-ray format, which was developed by [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony"), Panasonic, [Philips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips "Philips") and [Pioneer Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation "Pioneer Corporation"). Conceding the abandonment of HD DVD, Toshiba's president, [Atsutoshi Nishida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsutoshi_Nishida "Atsutoshi Nishida") said "We concluded that a swift decision would be best \[and\] if we had continued, that would have created problems for consumers, and we simply had no chance to win".[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-135)
Toshiba continued to supply retailers with machines until the end of March 2008, and continued to provide technical support to the estimated one million people worldwide who owned HD DVD players and recorders. Toshiba announced a new line of stand-alone Blu-ray players as well as drives for PCs and laptops, and subsequently joined the BDA, the industry body which oversees the development of the Blu-ray format.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-136)
### REGZA
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: REGZA")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:REGZA_logo.svg "REGZA wordmark")
REGZA wordmark
REGZA (Real Expression Guaranteed by amaZing Architecture) is a unified television brand owned and manufactured by Toshiba. In 2010 REGZA name disappeared from the North American market, and from March 2015[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-137) new TVs carrying the Toshiba name are designed and produced by [Compal Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compal_Electronics "Compal Electronics"), a Taiwanese company, to which Toshiba has licensed its name. REGZA is also used in [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_\(operating_system\) "Android (operating system)")\-based smartphones that were developed by Fujitsu Toshiba Mobile Communications.
#### 3D television
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: 3D television")\]
In October 2010, Toshiba unveiled the Toshiba Regza GL1 21" LED-backlit LCD TV glasses-free [3D prototype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television "3D television") at [CEATEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEATEC "CEATEC") 2010. This system supports 3D capability without glasses (utilizing an integral imaging system of 9 parallax images with a vertical lenticular sheet). The retail product was released in December 2010.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-138)
#### 4K Ultra HD televisions
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: 4K Ultra HD televisions")\]
[4K Ultra HD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution "4K resolution") (3840×2160p) televisions provides four times the resolution of 1080p Full HD televisions. Toshiba's 4K HD LED televisions are powered by a CEVO 4K Quad + dual-core processor.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-139)
### Personal computers
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Personal computers")\]
Main article: [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba-t1950ct_hg.jpg)
A Toshiba T1950CT notebook computer
In 1985, Toshiba released the [T1100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1100 "Toshiba T1100"), the world's first commercially accepted [laptop PC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:2-14) Toshiba designed and developed PCs, predominantly laptops, under several product lines including [Satellite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Satellite "Dynabook Satellite"), [Portégé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Port%C3%A9g%C3%A9 "Dynabook Portégé"), [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto "Toshiba Libretto"), [Qosmio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qosmio "Qosmio") and [Tecra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Tecra "Dynabook Tecra"). Toshiba initialized process of divestment of the personal computer and laptop business, Toshiba Client Solutions, in 2018 with sale of 80.1% of shares to [Sharp Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation"). Eventually Toshiba fully exited from the personal computing market in June 2020, transferring the remaining 19.9% shares in Toshiba Client Solutions (since being renamed to [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")) to Sharp.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:3-99)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-140) Toshiba's divested personal computing business adopted the Dynabook name after a [computer concept targeted for children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook "Dynabook") and after one of its product lines.
### Flash memory
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Flash memory")\]
In the 1980s, a Toshiba team led by [Fujio Masuoka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujio_Masuoka "Fujio Masuoka") invented [flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory "Flash memory"), both NOR and NAND types. In March 2015, Toshiba announced the development of the first 48-layer, three-dimensional flash memory. The new flash memory is based on a vertical stacking technology that Toshiba calls BiCS (Bit Cost Scaling), stores two bits of data per transistor, and can store 128Gbits (16GB) per chip. This allowed flash memory to keep scaling up the capacity as [Moore's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law "Moore's law") was considered to be obsolete.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-141) Toshiba's memory division was spun off as [Toshiba Memory Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Memory_Corporation "Toshiba Memory Corporation"), now [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia").
## Environmental record
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Environmental record")\]
Toshiba has been judged as making "low" efforts to lessen its impact on the environment. In November 2012, they came second from the bottom in [Greenpeace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace "Greenpeace")'s 18th edition of the Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics companies according to their policies on products, energy, and sustainable operations.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Greenpeace-142) Toshiba received 2.3 of a possible 10 points, with the top company ([WIPRO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIPRO "WIPRO")) receiving 7.1 points. "Zero" scores were received in the categories "Clean energy policy advocacy", "Use of recycled plastics in products" and "Policy and practice on [sustainable sourcing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing "Sustainable sourcing") of fibres for paper". In 2010, Toshiba reported that all of its new LCD TVs comply with the [Energy Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Star "Energy Star") standards and 34 models exceed the requirements by 30% or more.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-143)
Toshiba partnered with China's Tsinghua University in 2008 in order to form a research facility to focus on energy conservation and the environment.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) The new Toshiba Energy and Environment Research Center is located in Beijing where forty students from the university will work to research electric power equipment and new technologies that will help stop the global warming process.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) Through this partnership, Toshiba hopes to develop products that will better protect the environment and save China.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) This contract between Tsinghua University and Toshiba originally began in October 2007 when they signed an agreement on joint energy and environment research.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) The projects that they conduct work to reduce car pollution and to create power systems that don't negatively affect the environment.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144)
On 28 December 1970, Toshiba began the construction of unit 3 of the [Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant"),[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-145) which was damaged in the [Fukushima I nuclear accidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_I_nuclear_accidents "Fukushima I nuclear accidents") on 14 March 2011. In April 2011, CEO Norio Sasaki declared nuclear energy would "remain as a strong option" even after the Fukushima I nuclear accidents.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-146) In late 2013, Toshiba entered the solar power business in Germany, installing PV systems on apartment buildings.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-147)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [List of Toshiba subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toshiba_subsidiaries "List of Toshiba subsidiaries")
## Footnotes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Footnotes")\]
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-7)** (Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd)
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: References")\]
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-4)
["Consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 (under US GAAP)"](https://www.global.toshiba/content/dam/toshiba/ww/ir/corporate/finance/er/er2021/pdf/ter2021q4e.pdf) (PDF). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-2)**
["基本データ \| 会社概要 \| 東芝"](https://www.global.toshiba/jp/outline/corporate/profile.html).
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-3)**
[Jones, Daniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Jones_\(phonetician\) "Daniel Jones (phonetician)") (2003) \[1917\], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), *English Pronouncing Dictionary*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[3-12-539683-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2 "Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2")
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["Why Toshiba QKD"](https://www.toshiba.co.jp/qkd/en/why.htm).
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Soble, Jonathan (21 July 2015). ["Scandal Upends Toshiba's Lauded Reputation"](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/business/international/toshiba-chief-and-7-others-resign-in-accounting-scandal.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 11 July 2020.
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18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-Odagiri-Goto_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-Odagiri-Goto_19-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-Odagiri-Goto_19-2)
Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996). *Technology and Industrial Development in Japan*. Clarendon Press, Oxford. p. 158. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[0-19-828802-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-828802-6 "Special:BookSources/0-19-828802-6")
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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["Toshiba board accepts Japan Industrial Partners' \$15 billion buyout proposal"](https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/23/toshiba-board-accepts-japan-industrial-partners-15-bln-buyout-proposal.html). *CNBC*. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
116. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-annrepop2012_117-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-annrepop2012_117-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-annrepop2012_117-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-annrepop2012_117-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-annrepop2012_117-4)
["Annual Report 2012: Operational Review"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/ir/en/finance/ar/ar2012/tar2012e_or.pdf) (PDF). Toshiba. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
117. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-corporatedata_118-0)**
["Toshiba Basic Corporate Data"](https://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/corp_data.html). Toshiba. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
118. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-tceh_119-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-tceh_119-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-tceh_119-2)
["Toshiba Consumer Electronics Holdings Corporation"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/tceh.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
119. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-dps_120-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-dps_120-1)
["Digital Products & Services Company"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120719024058/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/ds.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Archived from [the original](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/ds.htm) on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
120. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-sisc_121-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-sisc_121-1)
["Social Infrastructure Systems Company"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/sis.html). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
121. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-tec_122-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-tec_122-1)
["Toshiba TEC Corporation"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/tec.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
122. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-123)**
["Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/telc.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
123. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-124)**
["Toshiba Solutions Corporation"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/tsol.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
124. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-125)**
["New Lighting Systems Division"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/ls.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
125. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-126)**
["Materials & Devices Division"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/md.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
126. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-127)**
["Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/tmsc.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
127. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-128)**
["Multifunction Toshiba Printers, Business Scanner, Copiers & Fax"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231304/https://www.opustech.co.uk/products/). *www.opusdigital.co.uk*. Archived from [the original](http://www.opusdigital.co.uk/products) on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2015.
128. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-129)**
JDA, Inc. Retail Ready Design www.jdainc.com. ["Business Phone Systems- VoIP, IP Telephone Systems for SMB & Enterprises"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170618070857/https://www.telecom.toshiba.com/). Telecom.toshiba.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.telecom.toshiba.com/) on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
129. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-130)**
["Semiconductor & Storage Products Company"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/sc.html). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
130. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-131)**
["Power Systems Company"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/ps.html). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
131. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-132)**
["Toshiba Mobile Display Co., Ltd"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/company/tmd.htm). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
132. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-133)**
["History of DVD"](https://didyouknow.org/dvdhistory/). *didyouknow.org*. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
133. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-134)**
["Toshiba Announces Discontinuation of HD DVD Businesses"](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/2008_02/pr1903.htm) (Press release). Toshiba. 19 February 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
134. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-135)**
["Toshiba Gives Up On HD DVD; To Be Out By End Of March"](https://www.forbes.com/2008/02/19/toshiba-hddvd-format-tech-cx_pco_0219paidcontent.html#bdb88d433c33). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. 19 February 2008. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
135. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-136)**
["Toshiba joins Blu-ray disc camp"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8192840.stm). *BBC News*. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2010.
136. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-137)**
["Toshiba in Restructuring of Global TV Business"](https://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/ir/en/news/20150129_1.pdf) (PDF) (Press release). Toshiba. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
137. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-138)**
Vlad Savov (4 October 2010). ["Toshiba Regza GL1 wants you to put down the glasses, enjoy the 3D"](https://www.engadget.com/2010/10/04/toshiba-regza-gl1-wants-you-to-put-down-the-glasses-enjoy-the-3). [Engadget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engadget "Engadget").
138. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-139)**
["Loading site please wait..."](https://web.archive.org/web/20150915110725/http://www.toshiba.com/us/4k-tvs) *www.toshiba.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.toshiba.com/us/4k-tvs) on 15 September 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2013.
139. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-140)**
["Toshiba shuts the lid on laptops after 35 years"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53721016). *BBC News*. 10 August 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
140. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-141)** By Lucas Mearian, ComputerWorld. "[Toshiba announces industry's densest 3D flash memory](http://www.computerworld.com/article/2902310/toshiba-announces-industrys-densest-3d-flash-memory.html)." 26 March 2015. 21 April 2015.
141. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-Greenpeace_142-0)**
["Guide to Greener Electronics"](http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/18th-Edition/). [Greenpeace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace "Greenpeace"). November 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
142. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-143)**
["Development of Environmentally Conscious Products: Toshiba Visual Products Company / Toshiba Storage Products Company Environmental Conservation Activities"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110129005012/http://www.toshiba.co.jp/dm_env/dme/develop.htm). Toshiba. Archived from [the original](http://www.toshiba.co.jp/dm_env/dme/develop.htm) on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
143. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-japancorp.net_144-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-japancorp.net_144-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-japancorp.net_144-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-japancorp.net_144-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-japancorp.net_144-4)
["Japan's Corporate Network"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100812045537/http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=17699). 14 April 2008. Archived from [the original](http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=17699) on 12 August 2010. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
144. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-145)**
["Nuclear Reactor Maps: Fukushima-Daiichi"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050215185107/http://www.nuctrans.org/Nuc_Trans/locations/daiichi/daiichi.htm). Nuclear Transparency in the Asia Pacific. Archived from the original on 15 February 2005. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
145. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-146)**
Yasu, Mariko; Maki Shiraki (22 April 2011). ["Silver lining in sight for makers of solar panels"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110426024122/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20110422n1.html). [The Japan Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Japan_Times "The Japan Times") online. Archived from [the original](http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nb20110422n1.html) on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2011. "For Toshiba, Japan's biggest maker of nuclear reactors, atomic energy still has the edge over other power sources. "Even if we hypothetically say an accident occurs once in every 30 years and that we need to consider the cost for radiation leak problems, we're also left with an issue of reducing carbon dioxide", Toshiba President Norio Sasaki said in Tokyo last week. "Nuclear power will remain as a strong option.""
146. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-147)**
["Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, page 50"](http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2014/GSR2014_full%20report_low%20res.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 30 December 2016.
## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: External links")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Toshiba](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toshiba "commons:Category:Toshiba").
- [Official website](https://www.global.toshiba/ww/top.html)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Toshiba "Template:Toshiba") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Toshiba "Template talk:Toshiba") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toshiba "Special:EditPage/Template:Toshiba")[Toshiba]() | | |
|---|---|---|
| [Divisions and subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toshiba_subsidiaries "List of Toshiba subsidiaries") | | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg) |
| | | |
| Current | Digital Products Group Electronic Devices & Components Group Infrastructure Systems Group | |
| Former | [Landis+Gyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landis%2BGyr "Landis+Gyr") [Sord Computer Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sord_Computer_Corporation "Sord Computer Corporation")2 [Toshiba Information Systems Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")2 [Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Medical_Systems_Corporation "Canon Medical Systems Corporation")2 [Toshiba Memory Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia")3 [OCZ Storage Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ "OCZ") [Toshiba Telecommunication Systems Division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Telecommunication_Systems_Division "Toshiba Telecommunication Systems Division") [Westinghouse Electric Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company")2 | |
| Joint ventures and shareholdings | | |
| | | |
| Current | [Ikegami Tsushinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki "Ikegami Tsushinki") (20%) [TMEIC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEIC "TMEIC") | |
| Former | [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")2 [Toshiba EMI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan "EMI Music Japan") (Founded as *Toshiba Music Industries*)2 [Youmex Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youmex "Youmex")1 [Japan Display](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Display "Japan Display")2 [Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Samsung_Storage_Technology "Toshiba Samsung Storage Technology")2 [Inside Films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Films "Inside Films") *[Inside](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_\(2011_film\) "Inside (2011 film)")* *[The Beauty Inside](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beauty_Inside_\(web_series\) "The Beauty Inside (web series)")* *[The Power Inside](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_Inside "The Power Inside")* | |
| Predecessors | [Hakunetsusha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") [Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") [Tanaka Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Seisakusho "Tanaka Seisakusho") | |
| Products, services and standards | | |
| | | |
| Current | [AP1000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP1000 "AP1000") [Cell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_\(microprocessor\) "Cell (microprocessor)") JNR locomotives [Class ED76](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR_Class_ED76 "JNR Class ED76") [Class EF58](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR_Class_EF58 "JNR Class EF58") [Class EF60](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR_Class_EF60 "JNR Class EF60") [Class EF64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR_Class_EF64 "JNR Class EF64") [Class EF65](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNR_Class_EF65 "JNR Class EF65") [Freight Class EH500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Freight_Class_EH500 "JR Freight Class EH500") [Freight Class EH200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Freight_Class_EH200 "JR Freight Class EH200") [Freight Class EH800](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Freight_Class_EH800 "JR Freight Class EH800") [Freight Class HD300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JR_Freight_Class_HD300 "JR Freight Class HD300") [Class EL120](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitetsu_Class_EL120 "Meitetsu Class EL120") [Media-embedded processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media-embedded_processor "Media-embedded processor") [Regza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regza "Regza") [SpursEngine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpursEngine "SpursEngine") [TG01](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_TG01 "Toshiba TG01") [TOSLINK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOSLINK "TOSLINK") | |
| Past | | |
| | | |
| Computers | [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto "Toshiba Libretto") [W100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto_W100 "Toshiba Libretto W100") [Pasopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia "Toshiba Pasopia") [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_5 "Toshiba Pasopia 5") [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_7 "Toshiba Pasopia 7") [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_16 "Toshiba Pasopia 16") [IQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_IQ "Toshiba Pasopia IQ") [Portégé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Port%C3%A9g%C3%A9 "Dynabook Portégé") [Qosmio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qosmio "Qosmio") [Satellite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Satellite "Dynabook Satellite") [Pro 400 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_Pro_400_series "Toshiba Satellite Pro 400 series") [A series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_A_series "Toshiba Satellite A series") [C series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_C_series "Toshiba Satellite C series") [P series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_P_series "Toshiba Satellite P series") [S series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_S_series "Toshiba Satellite S series") [T series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T_series "Toshiba T series") [T1000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1000 "Toshiba T1000") [LE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1000LE "Toshiba T1000LE") [T1100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1100 "Toshiba T1100") [T1200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1200 "Toshiba T1200") [T3100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T3100 "Toshiba T3100") [Tecra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Tecra "Dynabook Tecra") | |
| People | [Toshiwo Doko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiwo_Doko "Toshiwo Doko") [Tanaka Hisashige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Hisashige "Tanaka Hisashige") | |
| Places | [Lazona Kawasaki Plaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazona_Kawasaki_Plaza "Lazona Kawasaki Plaza") [Umi-Shibaura Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umi-Shibaura_Station "Umi-Shibaura Station") | |
| Other | [HDMI Licensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMI_Licensing "HDMI Licensing") [Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor "Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor") [Time Sculpture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Sculpture "Time Sculpture") [Toshiba Brave Lupus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Brave_Lupus_Tokyo "Toshiba Brave Lupus Tokyo") [Toshiba Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoag_Classic "Hoag Classic") [Toshiba S.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Consadole_Sapporo "Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo") [Toshiba Science Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Science_Institute "Toshiba Science Institute") | |
| 1*Now integrated into other Toshiba divisions or business groupings* 2*Sold* 3*Spun off*  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Toshiba "Category:Toshiba")** [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") **[Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toshiba "commons:Category:Toshiba")** | | |
| Links to related articles | | |
|---|---|---|
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Dynabook_Inc. "Template:Dynabook Inc.") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Dynabook_Inc. "Template talk:Dynabook Inc.") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dynabook_Inc. "Special:EditPage/Template:Dynabook Inc.")[Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.") | | |
| Subsidiary of [Sharp Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation")† | | |
| Products | | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dynabook_Logo.svg) |
| | | |
| Current | [Portégé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Port%C3%A9g%C3%A9 "Dynabook Portégé") [Satellite Pro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Satellite "Dynabook Satellite") [Tecra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Tecra "Dynabook Tecra") | |
| Former | [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto "Toshiba Libretto") [W100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto_W100 "Toshiba Libretto W100") [Qosmio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qosmio "Qosmio") [Satellite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Satellite "Dynabook Satellite") [A series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_A_series "Toshiba Satellite A series") [C series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_C_series "Toshiba Satellite C series") [P series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_P_series "Toshiba Satellite P series") [S series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_S_series "Toshiba Satellite S series") [Satellite Pro 400 series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Satellite_Pro_400_series "Toshiba Satellite Pro 400 series") [T series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T_series "Toshiba T series") [T1000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1000 "Toshiba T1000") [LE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1000LE "Toshiba T1000LE") [T1100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1100 "Toshiba T1100") [T1200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1200 "Toshiba T1200") [T3100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T3100 "Toshiba T3100") | |
| See also | | |
| | | |
| Former Sharp computers | | |
| | | |
| Laptops and portables | [Actius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Actius "Sharp Actius") [RD3D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Actius_RD3D "Sharp Actius RD3D") [MM10 Muramasas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Actius_MM10_Muramasas "Sharp Actius MM10 Muramasas") [PC-4500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-4500 "Sharp PC-4500") [PC-5000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-5000 "Sharp PC-5000") [PC-7000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-7000 "Sharp PC-7000") [WideNote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_WideNote "Sharp WideNote") | |
| Pocket computers | [PC-1211](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1211 "Sharp PC-1211") [PC-1251](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1251 "Sharp PC-1251") [PC-1350](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1350 "Sharp PC-1350") [PC-1401](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1401 "Sharp PC-1401") [PC-1403](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1403 "Sharp PC-1403") [PC-1500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1500 "Sharp PC-1500") [PC-1600](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-1600 "Sharp PC-1600") [PC-3000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-3000 "Sharp PC-3000") [PC-E220](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-E220 "Sharp PC-E220") [PC-E500S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_PC-E500S "Sharp PC-E500S") [Wizard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Wizard "Sharp Wizard") [Zaurus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Zaurus "Sharp Zaurus") | |
| Home computers | [MZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_MZ "Sharp MZ") [X1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_X1 "Sharp X1") [X68000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X68000 "X68000") [list of games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_X68000_games "List of X68000 games") | |
| Former Toshiba computers | [Pasopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia "Toshiba Pasopia") [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_5 "Toshiba Pasopia 5") [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_7 "Toshiba Pasopia 7") [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_16 "Toshiba Pasopia 16") [IQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia_IQ "Toshiba Pasopia IQ") | |
| † Subsidiary formerly fully owned by [Toshiba](); majority shares bought by Sharp in 2019; remaining Toshiba shares sold to Sharp in 2020  [Sharp computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sharp_Corporation_computers "Category:Sharp Corporation computers")  [Toshiba computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Toshiba_computers "Category:Toshiba computers") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan "Template:Electronics industry in Japan") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_Japan "Template talk:Electronics industry in Japan") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan "Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in Japan")[Electronics industry in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan "Electronics industry in Japan") | | |
| Companies | | |
| | | |
| Current | [Aiwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwa "Aiwa") [Alaxala Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaxala_Networks "Alaxala Networks") [Alinco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alinco "Alinco") [Alps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps_Electric "Alps Electric") [Alpine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_Electronics "Alpine Electronics") [Anritsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anritsu "Anritsu") [AOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOR_\(company\) "AOR (company)") [Audio-Technica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio-Technica "Audio-Technica") [Bandai Namco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings "Bandai Namco Holdings") [Brother](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brother_Industries "Brother Industries") [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") [Casio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio "Casio") [CatEye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CatEye "CatEye") [Citizen Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_Watch "Citizen Watch") [Cosina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosina "Cosina") [D+M Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%2BM_Group "D+M Group") [Denon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denon "Denon") [Marantz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marantz "Marantz") [Daikin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daikin "Daikin") [Denso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso "Denso") [Denso Ten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denso_Ten "Denso Ten") [DNP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing "Dai Nippon Printing") [Eiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiki "Eiki") [Eizo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eizo "Eizo") [Elecom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecom "Elecom") [ESP Guitars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP_Guitars "ESP Guitars") [FANUC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FANUC "FANUC") [Fostex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fostex "Fostex") [Fuji Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Electric "Fuji Electric") [Fujifilm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilm "Fujifilm") [Business Innovation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation "Fujifilm Business Innovation") [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu") [Furuno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furuno "Furuno") [Futaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futaba_Corporation "Futaba Corporation") [Hamamatsu Photonics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics "Hamamatsu Photonics") [Hirose Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group "Hirose Electric Group") [Hitachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi "Hitachi") [Clarion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarion_\(company\) "Clarion (company)") [Maxell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxell "Maxell") [Hoya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoya_Corporation "Hoya Corporation") [Ibanez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibanez "Ibanez") [Ibiden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibiden "Ibiden") [Icom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icom_Incorporated "Icom Incorporated") [Ikegami Tsushinki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki "Ikegami Tsushinki") [Iwatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric "Iwatsu Electric") [Japan Display](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Display "Japan Display") [JEOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEOL "JEOL") [JRC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company "Japan Radio Company") [JR Propo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control "Japan Remote Control") [JVCKenwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVCKenwood "JVCKenwood") [JVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC "JVC") [Kenwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation "Kenwood Corporation") [Kawai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments "Kawai Musical Instruments") [Keyence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyence "Keyence") [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") [Kiramek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiramek "Kiramek") [Konami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konami "Konami") [Konica Minolta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konica_Minolta "Konica Minolta") [KO PROPO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KO_PROPO "KO PROPO") [Korg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korg "Korg") [Kyocera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera "Kyocera") [Luxman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxman "Luxman") [Mabuchi Motor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor "Mabuchi Motor") [Mamiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamiya "Mamiya") [Maspro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh "Maspro Denkoh") [Melco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melco "Melco") [Micron Memory Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan "Micron Memory Japan") [MinebeaMitsumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi "MinebeaMitsumi") [Mitsumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric "Mitsumi Electric") [Mitsubishi Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric "Mitsubishi Electric") [Murata Manufacturing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing "Murata Manufacturing") [Mutoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv "Mutoh Europe nv") [Nakamichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi "Nakamichi") [NEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC "NEC") [Mobile Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications "NEC Mobile Communications") [Nichia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichia "Nichia") [Nichicon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichicon "Nichicon") [Nidec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidec "Nidec") [Nidec Copal Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation "Nidec Copal Corporation") [Nihon Dempa Kogyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo "Nihon Dempa Kogyo") [Nikon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon "Nikon") [Nintendo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo "Nintendo") [Nippon Chemi-Con](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con "Nippon Chemi-Con") [Nitto Denko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitto_Denko "Nitto Denko") [NKK Switches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKK_switches "NKK switches") [Oki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry "Oki Electric Industry") [Olympus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Corporation "Olympus Corporation") [Omron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omron "Omron") [Onkyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkyo "Onkyo") [Integra Home Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater "Integra Home Theater") [Orion Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Electric "Orion Electric") [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") [Sanyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo "Sanyo") [Technics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technics_\(brand\) "Technics (brand)") [Pioneer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation "Pioneer Corporation") [Pixela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixela_Corporation "Pixela Corporation") [Plextor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plextor "Plextor") [Renesas Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renesas_Electronics "Renesas Electronics") [Ricoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricoh "Ricoh") [Pentax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentax "Pentax") [Riso Kagaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation "Riso Kagaku Corporation") [Rohm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohm "Rohm") [Roland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Corporation "Roland Corporation") [Rubycon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation "Rubycon Corporation") [Sanwa Electronic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic "Sanwa Electronic") [SCREEN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings "SCREEN Holdings") [Sega Sammy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings "Sega Sammy Holdings") [Sega](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega "Sega") [Seiko Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Group "Seiko Group") [Pulsar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulsar_\(watch\) "Pulsar (watch)") [Seiko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko "Seiko") [Epson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epson "Epson") [Orient Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orient_Watch "Orient Watch") [Seiko Instruments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiko_Instruments "Seiko Instruments") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung "Samsung") [Samsung Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Sharp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation") [Shimadzu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimadzu "Shimadzu") [Shindengen Electric Manufacturing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing "Shindengen Electric Manufacturing") [Sigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_Corporation "Sigma Corporation") [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony") [SNK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNK "SNK") [Square Enix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Enix "Square Enix") [Taito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taito "Taito") [Stanley Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Electric "Stanley Electric") [Star Micronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Micronics "Star Micronics") [Stax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stax_Ltd "Stax Ltd") [Sumitomo Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries "Sumitomo Electric Industries") [Taiyo Yuden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden "Taiyo Yuden") [Tamron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamron "Tamron") [TDK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TDK "TDK") [TEAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAC_Corporation "TEAC Corporation") [Tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Corporation "Tiger Corporation") [TOA Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOA_Corporation "TOA Corporation") [Tokyo Electron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Electron "Tokyo Electron") [Topcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topcon "Topcon") [Toshiba]() [Uniden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniden "Uniden") [Ushio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushio,_Inc. "Ushio, Inc.") [Wacom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacom "Wacom") [Yaesu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaesu_\(brand\) "Yaesu (brand)") [Yamaha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation "Yamaha Corporation") [Yaskawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation "Yaskawa Electric Corporation") [Yokogawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric "Yokogawa Electric") [Zojirushi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zojirushi "Zojirushi") [Zoom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoom_Corporation "Zoom Corporation") [Zuken](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuken "Zuken") | |
| Defunct | [Aiwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwa "Aiwa") [Akai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akai "Akai") [Bronica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronica "Bronica") [Chinon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinon_Industries "Chinon Industries") [Contax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contax "Contax") [Funai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funai "Funai") [JOLED](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOLED "JOLED") [Konica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konica "Konica") [Minolta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minolta "Minolta") [National](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_\(brand\) "National (brand)") [Norita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norita "Norita") [Okaya Optical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okaya_Optical "Okaya Optical") [Sansui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansui_Electric "Sansui Electric") | |
| Other | [Electronic Industries Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan "Electronic Industries Association of Japan") [INCJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan "Innovation Network Corporation of Japan") [Japan Electronic Industries Development Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association "Japan Electronic Industries Development Association") [Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association "Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association") [Yagi–Uda antenna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna "Yagi–Uda antenna") | |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electronics_industry_in_Japan "Category:Electronics industry in Japan")** | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hard_disk_drive_manufacturers "Template:Hard disk drive manufacturers") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Hard_disk_drive_manufacturers "Template talk:Hard disk drive manufacturers") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hard_disk_drive_manufacturers "Special:EditPage/Template:Hard disk drive manufacturers")[Hard disk drive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive "Hard disk drive") manufacturers | | |
| [History of hard disk drives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hard_disk_drives "History of hard disk drives") [IBM magnetic disk drives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_IBM_magnetic_disk_drives "History of IBM magnetic disk drives") [List of defunct hard disk manufacturers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_defunct_hard_disk_manufacturers "List of defunct hard disk manufacturers") | | |
| Current | [Seagate Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology") [Toshiba]() [Western Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital "Western Digital") | |
| Defunct | [3M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3M "3M") [Alps Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps_Electric "Alps Electric") [Ampex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampex "Ampex") [Anelex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anelex "Anelex") [Areal Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areal_Technology "Areal Technology") [Atasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atasi_Corporation "Atasi Corporation") [Avatar Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avatar_Systems "Avatar Systems") [BASF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASF "BASF") [Bryant Computer Products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryant_Grinder "Bryant Grinder") [Burroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burroughs_Corporation "Burroughs Corporation") [C. Itoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itochu "Itochu") [Castlewood Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlewood_Orb_Drive "Castlewood Orb Drive") [Calcomp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcomp "Calcomp") [Caelus Memories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caelus_Memories "Caelus Memories") [CII-Honeywell-Bull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_Bull "Groupe Bull") [Computer Memories, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Memories,_Inc. "Computer Memories, Inc.") [Conner Peripherals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conner_Peripherals "Conner Peripherals") [Cornice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornice_Inc. "Cornice Inc.") [Data Disc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Disc "Data Disc") [Data General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_General "Data General") [Datapoint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datapoint "Datapoint") [Dataproducts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataproducts "Dataproducts") [Diablo Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_Data_Systems "Diablo Data Systems") [Digital Equipment Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation "Digital Equipment Corporation") [Emulex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulex "Emulex") [Epson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epson "Epson") [ExcelStor Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExcelStor_Technology "ExcelStor Technology") [Fuji Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji_Electric "Fuji Electric") [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu") [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") [GS Magicstor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GS_Magicstor "GS Magicstor") [Hewlett-Packard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packard "Hewlett-Packard") [HGST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGST "HGST") [Hitachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi "Hitachi") [Hokushin Electric Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokushin_Electric_Works "Hokushin Electric Works") [Hyosung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyosung "Hyosung") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM") [AdStar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdStar "AdStar") [Imprimis (CDC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_Peripherals "Magnetic Peripherals") [Intégral Peripherals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Int%C3%A9gral_Peripherals "Intégral Peripherals") [Iomega](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iomega "Iomega") [JT Storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JT_Storage "JT Storage") [JVC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC "JVC") [Kalok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalok "Kalok") [Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Company "Kennedy Company") [Kyocera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera "Kyocera") [Librascope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Librascope "Librascope") [Maxtor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxtor "Maxtor") [Memorex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorex "Memorex") [Micropolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropolis_Corporation "Micropolis Corporation") [MiniScribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiniScribe "MiniScribe") [MiniStor Peripherals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiniStor "MiniStor") [Mitsubishi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi "Mitsubishi") [Mitsumi Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric "Mitsumi Electric") [NCR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR_Voyix "NCR Voyix") [NEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC "NEC") [Nippon Electric Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDK "KDK") [Nomaï](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noma%C3%AF "Nomaï") [Ohio Scientific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Scientific "Ohio Scientific") [Okidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry "Oki Electric Industry") [Olivetti OPE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivetti "Olivetti") [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") [Pertec Computer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertec_Computer "Pertec Computer") [Philips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips "Philips") [Plus Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Development "Plus Development") [Potter Instrument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter_Instrument "Potter Instrument") [PrairieTek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrairieTek "PrairieTek") [Priam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priam_Corporation "Priam Corporation") [Quantum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_Corporation "Quantum Corporation") [Ricoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricoh "Ricoh") [Rodime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodime "Rodime") [SAGEM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGEM "SAGEM") [Samsung Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Sequel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequel_Inc. "Sequel Inc.") [Shugart Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugart_Associates "Shugart Associates") [Siemens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens "Siemens") [StorageTek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StorageTek "StorageTek") [SyQuest Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SyQuest_Technology "SyQuest Technology") [Tandon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandon_Corporation "Tandon Corporation") [TEAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEAC_Corporation "TEAC Corporation") [Texas Instruments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments "Texas Instruments") [Tokico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokico "Tokico") [Wangco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangco "Wangco") [Xebec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xebec_Corporation "Xebec Corporation") [YE-Data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YE-Data "YE-Data") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Solid-state_drive "Template:Solid-state drive") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Solid-state_drive "Template talk:Solid-state drive") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state_drive "Special:EditPage/Template:Solid-state drive")[Solid-state drives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_drive "Solid-state drive") | | |
| Key terminology | [Encryption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption "Encryption") [ECC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction "Error detection and correction") [Flash file system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_file_system "Flash file system") [Flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory "Flash memory") [SLC/MLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-level_cell "Multi-level cell") [Flash memory controller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory_controller "Flash memory controller") [Garbage collection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garbage_collection_\(SSD\) "Garbage collection (SSD)") [IOPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOPS "IOPS") [MB/s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_rate "Bit rate") [Memory wear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory#Memory_wear "Flash memory") [Open-channel SSD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-channel_SSD "Open-channel SSD") [Over-provisioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_amplification#Over-provisioning "Write amplification") [Read disturb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory#Read_disturb "Flash memory") [Secure erase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_amplification#Secure_erase "Write amplification") [Solid-state storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid-state_storage "Solid-state storage") [Trim command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_\(computing\) "Trim (computing)") [Wear leveling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wear_leveling "Wear leveling") [Write amplification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_amplification "Write amplification") | |
| Flash manufacturers | [Micron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Technology "Micron Technology") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix") Bought [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel")'s NAND flash chips and NAND flash SSD businesses and renamed the SSD business as Solidigm Flash Forward (joint venture between [Sandisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandisk "Sandisk") and [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia")) [YMTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies "Yangtze Memory Technologies") [XMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMC_\(company\) "XMC (company)") | |
| [Controllers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flash_memory_controller_manufacturers "List of flash memory controller manufacturers") | | |
| | | |
| Captive | [Sandisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandisk "Sandisk") [Western Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital "Western Digital") [Fusion-io](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion-io "Fusion-io") [HGST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGST "HGST") [sTec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STec "STec") [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") [OCZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ "OCZ") (bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia) [Indilinx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indilinx "Indilinx") (bought by OCZ) [Micron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Technology "Micron Technology") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Seagate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology") [SandForce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SandForce "SandForce") [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix") Bought [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel")'s NAND flash chips and NAND flash SSD businesses including controllers and renamed the SSD business Solidigm [FADU](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FADU&action=edit&redlink=1 "FADU (page does not exist)") | |
| Independent | [Greenliant Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenliant_Systems "Greenliant Systems") [Goke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goke_Microelectronics&action=edit&redlink=1 "Goke Microelectronics (page does not exist)") [Maxiotek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JMicron "JMicron") [Marvell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group "Marvell Technology Group") [Phison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phison "Phison") [PMC-Sierra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC-Sierra "PMC-Sierra") [SMI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Motion "Silicon Motion") | |
| SSD manufacturers | [List of solid-state drive manufacturers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solid-state_drive_manufacturers "List of solid-state drive manufacturers") | |
| Interfaces | [Advanced Host Controller Interface](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface "Advanced Host Controller Interface") (AHCI) [Fibre Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel "Fibre Channel") (FC) [NVM Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVM_Express "NVM Express") (NVMe) [PCI Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express "PCI Express") (PCIe) [SATA Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SATA_Express "SATA Express") [Serial ATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA "Serial ATA") (SATA) [Serial attached SCSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_attached_SCSI "Serial attached SCSI") (SAS) [Universal Serial Bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB "USB") (USB) | |
| Configurations | [HDD form factors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive#Form_factors "Hard disk drive") [mSATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSATA "MSATA") [M.2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2 "M.2") [PCI Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCI_Express "PCI Express") [expansion card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_card "Expansion card") [Thunderbolt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbolt_\(interface\) "Thunderbolt (interface)") [USB Type-C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB-C "USB-C") [U.2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.2 "U.2") [U.3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.3 "U.3") [EDSFF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDSFF "EDSFF") | |
| Related organizations | [INCITS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards "International Committee for Information Technology Standards") [JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JEDEC "JEDEC") [ONFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_NAND_Flash_Interface_Working_Group "Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group") [NVMHCI Work Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVM_Express#History "NVM Express") [USB-IF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_Implementers_Forum "USB Implementers Forum") [SATA-IO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization "Serial ATA International Organization") [SFF Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee "Small Form Factor Committee") [SNIA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association "Storage Networking Industry Association") [SSSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_state_storage_initiative "Solid state storage initiative") [T10/SCSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI "SCSI") [T11/FC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel "Fibre Channel") [T13/ATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_ATA "Parallel ATA") | |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Solid-state_computer_storage "Category:Solid-state computer storage")** | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Corporate_scandals "Template:Corporate scandals") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Corporate_scandals "Template talk:Corporate scandals") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Corporate_scandals "Special:EditPage/Template:Corporate scandals")[Corporate scandals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_corporate_collapses_and_scandals "List of corporate collapses and scandals") | | |
| [South Sea Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sea_Company "South Sea Company") (1720) [Panic of 1890 (Baring crisis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baring_crisis "Baring crisis") (1890) [Salad Oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_Oil_scandal "Salad Oil scandal") (1963) [Kinney Services, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinney_National_Company#Financial_scandal,_spinoff_and_reorganization "Kinney National Company") (1971) [Banco Ambrosiano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco_Ambrosiano "Banco Ambrosiano") (1982) [Carrian Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrian_Group "Carrian Group") (1983) [Guinness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_share-trading_fraud "Guinness share-trading fraud") (1986) [Bofors scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors_scandal "Bofors scandal") (1990) [Polly Peck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Peck "Polly Peck") (1990) [Bank of Credit and Commerce International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_Credit_and_Commerce_International "Bank of Credit and Commerce International") (1990) [Robert Maxwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Maxwell "Robert Maxwell") (1991) [Indian stock market scam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Indian_stock_market_scam "1992 Indian stock market scam") (1992) [Banesto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banesto#1993_crisis_&_intervention "Banesto") (1993) [Metallgesellschaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallgesellschaft#Hedging_debacle "Metallgesellschaft") (1993) [Towers Financial Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towers_Financial_Corporation "Towers Financial Corporation") (1993) [Barings Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barings_Bank "Barings Bank") (1995) [Sumitomo Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumitomo_copper_affair "Sumitomo copper affair") (1996) [Lysine price-fixing conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysine_price-fixing_conspiracy "Lysine price-fixing conspiracy") (1997) [Daewoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daewoo_dissolution_and_corruption_scandal "Daewoo dissolution and corruption scandal") (1999–2006) [Long-Term Capital Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-Term_Capital_Management "Long-Term Capital Management") (2000) [CINAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CINAR_scandal "CINAR scandal") (2000) [One.Tel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One.Tel "One.Tel") (2001) [Enron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enron_scandal "Enron scandal") (2001) [Adelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphia_Communications_Corporation "Adelphia Communications Corporation") (2002) [WorldCom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WorldCom_scandal "WorldCom scandal") (2002) [Parmalat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmalat_bankruptcy_timeline "Parmalat bankruptcy timeline") (2003–2005) [Tyco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyco_International#Corporate_scandal_of_2002 "Tyco International") (2004) [Bayou Hedge Fund Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou_Hedge_Fund_Group "Bayou Hedge Fund Group") (2005) [Société Générale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_trading_loss "2008 Société Générale trading loss") (2008) [Bear Stearns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_Stearns#Subprime_mortgage_hedge_fund_crisis "Bear Stearns") (2008) [Libor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libor_scandal "Libor scandal") (2008–2012) [Anglo Irish Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo_Irish_Bank_hidden_loans_controversy "Anglo Irish Bank hidden loans controversy") (2008–2011) [Volkswagen emissions scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal "Volkswagen emissions scandal") (2008–2015) [Satyam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyam_scandal "Satyam scandal") (2009) [2G spectrum case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G_spectrum_case "2G spectrum case") (2010–2019) [National Herald corruption case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Herald_corruption_case "National Herald corruption case") (2010–ongoing) [News Corporation scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corporation_scandal "News Corporation scandal") (2011) [Olympus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_scandal "Olympus scandal") (2011) [Indian coal allocation scam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_coal_allocation_scam "Indian coal allocation scam") (2012) [OCZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ#Accounting_practices "OCZ") (2012–2013) [Saradha Group financial scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saradha_Group_financial_scandal "Saradha Group financial scandal") (2013–ongoing) [Forex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forex_scandal "Forex scandal") (2013–ongoing) [Toshiba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#2015_accounting_scandal) (2015) [1Malaysia Development Berhad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal "1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal") (2015–ongoing) [Wells Fargo account fraud scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Fargo_account_fraud_scandal "Wells Fargo account fraud scandal") (2016–ongoing) [Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") (2018) [Moser Baer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moser_Baer "Moser Baer") (2019) [Wirecard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirecard_scandal "Wirecard scandal") (2020) [Nikola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Corporation#Fraud_allegations "Nikola Corporation") (2020) [Facebook company files leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") (2021) | | |
| [Accounting scandals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting_scandals "Accounting scandals") [Corporate haven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_haven "Corporate haven") [Unreported employment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreported_employment "Unreported employment") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies "Template:Major computer hardware companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_computer_hardware_companies "Template talk:Major computer hardware companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Major computer hardware companies")Major [personal computer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer"), [server](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_\(computing\) "Server (computing)"), and [mainframe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer "Mainframe computer") hardware companies | | |
| Companies with annual revenue of over US\$3 billion | | |
| [Personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer"), and [servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_\(computing\) "Server (computing)") | | |
| | | |
| Servers only | [Cisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco "Cisco") [Dell EMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_EMC "Dell EMC") [HPE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise "Hewlett Packard Enterprise") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM") [Inspur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspur "Inspur") [NetApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetApp "NetApp") [Oracle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation "Oracle Corporation") | |
| [Mainframes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer "Mainframe computer") | [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu") [HPE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise "Hewlett Packard Enterprise") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM") | |
| See also [Largest IT companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_information_technology_companies_by_revenue "List of largest information technology companies by revenue") [Computer hardware manufacturers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers "List of computer hardware manufacturers") [Home computer hardware companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Home_computer_hardware_companies "Category:Home computer hardware companies") [Server hardware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Server_hardware "Category:Server hardware") [Mainframe computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mainframe_computers "Category:Mainframe computers") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_imaging_companies "Template:Major imaging companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_imaging_companies "Template talk:Major imaging companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_imaging_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Major imaging companies")Major [imaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging "Imaging") companies | | |
| Companies with an annual revenue of over US\$3 billion | | |
| [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") [Epson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epson "Epson") [Fujifilm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujifilm "Fujifilm") [Hikvision](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikvision "Hikvision") [HP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Inc. "HP Inc.") [Kodak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodak "Kodak") [Konica Minolta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konica_Minolta "Konica Minolta") [Kyocera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera "Kyocera") [Nikon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikon "Nikon") [Oki Electric Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry "Oki Electric Industry") [Olympus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Corporation "Olympus Corporation") [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") [Ricoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricoh "Ricoh") [Pentax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentax "Pentax") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Sharp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation") [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony") [Toshiba]() [Xerox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox "Xerox") [Lexmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexmark "Lexmark") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_information_storage_companies "Template:Major information storage companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_information_storage_companies "Template talk:Major information storage companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_information_storage_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Major information storage companies")Major [information storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_storage "Information storage") companies | | |
| Companies with an annual revenue of over US\$3 billion | | |
| [ADATA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADATA "ADATA") [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Inc. "Amazon Inc.") [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Dell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Technologies "Dell Technologies") [Dell EMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_EMC "Dell EMC") [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu") [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") [Hitachi Data Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi_Data_Systems "Hitachi Data Systems") [Hewlett Packard Enterprise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise "Hewlett Packard Enterprise") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM") [Kingston Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Technology "Kingston Technology") [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") [NetApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetApp "NetApp") [Oracle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation "Oracle Corporation") [Plextor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plextor "Plextor") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Seagate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology") [Silicon Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Power "Silicon Power") [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony") [Transcend Information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcend_Information "Transcend Information") [Western Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital "Western Digital") | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_point_of_sale_companies "Template:Major point of sale companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_point_of_sale_companies "Template talk:Major point of sale companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_point_of_sale_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Major point of sale companies")Major [point of sale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale "Point of sale") companies | | |
| Companies with an annual revenue of over US\$3 billion | | |
| [Casio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio "Casio") [Epson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epson "Epson") [NCR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR_Voyix "NCR Voyix") [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") [Samsung Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics") [Sharp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation") [Star Micronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Micronics "Star Micronics") [Toshiba]() [Diebold Nixdorf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diebold_Nixdorf "Diebold Nixdorf") | | |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49125#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000417708232) [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/125444253) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4487485-6) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88253432) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14500839t) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14500839t) [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00306749) [Spain](https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX129047) [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97036527) [Korea](https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB201805979) [Poland](https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811342617305606) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007604706005171) [Catalonia](https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058527857006706) |
| Academics | [CiNii](https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA06509361?l=en) |
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&oldid=1344133845>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
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- [Electric transformer manufacturers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electric_transformer_manufacturers "Category:Electric transformer manufacturers")
- [Electrical engineering companies of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Electrical_engineering_companies_of_Japan "Category:Electrical engineering companies of Japan")
- [Elevator manufacturers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Elevator_manufacturers "Category:Elevator manufacturers")
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Toshiba
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba) |
| Readable Markdown | | | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg)Logo used since 1981 | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lazona_Kawasaki_Toshiba_Building.jpg)Toshiba's headquarters in [Kawasaki, Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Japan | |
| Native name | 株式会社東芝 |
| [Romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization "Romanization") name | Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba |
| Formerly | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (English name 1939–1979; Japanese name 1939–1984) |
| Company type | [Private](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privately_held_company "Privately held company") |
| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") | [TYO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange "Tokyo Stock Exchange"): 6502 |
| Industry | [Conglomerate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_\(company\) "Conglomerate (company)") |
| Predecessors | [Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") |
| Founded | 11 July 1875; 150 years ago (as Shibaura Seisakusho) 1939; 87 years ago (as Toshiba) |
| Founders | [Tanaka Hisashige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Hisashige "Tanaka Hisashige") (for the Tanaka Seisakusho branch) Takayasu Mitsui (for the Shibuara Seisakusho branch) Miyoshi Shōichi and Fujioka Ichisuke (for the Hakunetsusha/Tokyo Denki branch) |
| Headquarters | [Saiwai-ku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiwai-ku,_Kawasaki "Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki"), [Kawasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Taro Shimada ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) Satoshi Tsunakawa ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman")) |
| Products | [Electrical equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_equipment "Electrical equipment") [Software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software "Software") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure "Infrastructure") |
| Revenue |  [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen "Japanese yen")3,336.97 billion (FY2021)a[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") |  ¥158.94 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") |  ¥194.65 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") |  ¥3,734.52 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_\(finance\) "Equity (finance)") |  ¥1,366.66 billion (FY2021)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-FY2010-1) |
| Owner | [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") |
| Number of employees | 116,224 (2022)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-2) |
| [Subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary "Subsidiary") | List Toshiba Data Corporation Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation Toshiba Digital Solutions Corporation Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corporation Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions Corporation Toshiba Plant Systems & Services Corporation Toshiba Trading Inc. Toshiba America, Inc. Toshiba Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. Toshiba (Australia) Pty Limited. Toshiba (China) Co., Ltd. Toshiba Europe Ltd. Toshiba Gulf FZE |
| Website | [global.toshiba](https://www.global.toshiba/ww/top.html) |
| **Footnotes / references** a. Fiscal Year 2021 (FY2021) in this article is from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. b. Foundation date for one of the predecessor companies. The current company was established in 1904 as the direct successor of said company and its legal successor was founded in 1939. | |
**Toshiba Corporation** (株式会社東芝, *Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba*; [\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-3)) is a Japanese [multinational](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation "Multinational corporation") electronics company headquartered in [Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiwai-ku,_Kawasaki "Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki"), Kanagawa Prefecture. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, [semiconductors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor "Semiconductor"), [hard disk drives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive "Hard disk drive"), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as [IT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology "Information technology") solutions such as [quantum cryptography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_cryptography "Quantum cryptography").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:1-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-quantumToshiba-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-6) It was formerly also one of the biggest manufacturers of [personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer"), [consumer electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_electronics "Consumer electronics"), [home appliances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_appliance "Home appliance"), and [medical equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_equipment "Medical equipment").
The Toshiba name is derived from its former name, **To**kyo **Shiba**ura Denki K.K.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-7) which in turn was a 1939 merger between [Shibaura Seisaku-sho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") (founded in 1875) and [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. A [technology company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_company "Technology company") with a long history and sprawling businesses, Toshiba is a household name in Japan and has long been viewed as a symbol of the country's technological prowess post-[World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-8) As a semiconductor company and the inventor of [flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory "Flash memory"), Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") in the late 2010s.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-10) The company was also relevant in consumer personal computers, releasing the first mass-market [laptop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop") in 1985 and later ranking as a major vendor of laptops; it exited the PC business in 2020 having divested it into [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-11)
Toshiba faced trouble during the 2010s amid a much-publicised accounting scandal that affected its reputation, and the bankruptcy of its subsidiary nuclear energy company [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") in 2017. This forced the conglomerate to shed a number of underperforming businesses, essentially eliminating the company's century-long presence in consumer markets.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170411-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:2-14) After a rejection to split the company,[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:4-15) Toshiba was purchased by a consortium led by [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") (JIP) and Tolba in 2023; Toshiba turned [private](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privately_held_company "Privately held company") as a result and was delisted after 74 years from the [Tokyo Stock Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange "Tokyo Stock Exchange"),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-16) where it was formerly a constituent of the [Nikkei 225](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkei_225 "Nikkei 225") and [TOPIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPIX "TOPIX") 100 indices.
**Tanaka Seisakusho** (田中製作所; Tanaka Engineering Works) was the first company established by [Tanaka Hisashige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaka_Hisashige "Tanaka Hisashige") (1799–1881), one of the most original and productive inventor-engineers during the Tokugawa / [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period"). Established on 11 July 1875,[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-17)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-18) it was the first Japanese company to manufacture [telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph "Telegraph") equipment. It also manufactured switches, and miscellaneous electrical and communications equipment.
The company was inherited by Tanaka's adopted son, and later became half of the present Toshiba company. Several people who worked at Tanaka Seisakusho or who received Tanaka's guidance at a Kubusho (Ministry of Industries) factory later became pioneers themselves. These included [Miyoshi Shōichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyoshi_Sh%C5%8Dichi&action=edit&redlink=1 "Miyoshi Shōichi (page does not exist)") \[[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%90%89%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80 "jp:三吉正一")\] who helped [Fujioka Ichisuke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujioka_Ichisuke&action=edit&redlink=1 "Fujioka Ichisuke (page does not exist)") \[[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%A9 "jp:藤岡市助")\] make the first power generator in Japan and to establish a company, [Hakunetsusha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") to make bulbs; [Oki Kibatarō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Kibatar%C5%8D "Oki Kibatarō"), the founder of the present Oki Denki ([Oki Electric Industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry "Oki Electric Industry")); and [Ishiguro Keizaburō](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishiguro_Keizabur%C5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ishiguro Keizaburō (page does not exist)"), a co-founder of the present [Anritsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anritsu "Anritsu").[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
After the demise of the founder in 1881, Tanaka Seisakusho became partly owned by [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") and expanded into the production of [torpedoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo "Torpedo") and [mines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_mine "Naval mine") at the request of the [Imperial Japanese Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy "Imperial Japanese Navy"), to become one of the largest manufacturing companies of the time; however, as the Navy started to use competitive bids and then build its own works, the demand decreased substantially and the company started to lose money. The main creditor to the company, [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Bank, took over the insolvent company in 1893 and renamed it [Shibaura Seisakusho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibaura_Seisakusho "Shibaura Seisakusho") (Shibaura Engineering Works).[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
### Shibaura Seisakusho
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Shibaura Seisakusho")\]
**Shibaura Seisakusho** (芝浦製作所; Shibaura Engineering Works) was the new name given to Tanaka Seisakusho after it was declared insolvent in 1893 and taken over by [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Bank. In 1910, it formed a tie-up with [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") (GE), which, in exchange for technology, acquired about a quarter of the shares of Shibaura. The relation with GE continued until the beginning of [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") and resumed in 1953 with GE's 24 percent shareholding in the successor company, Tokyo Shibaura Denki. This percentage decreased substantially since then.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Odagiri-Goto-19)
### Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Hakunetsusha (Tokyo Denki)")\]
**Hakunetsusha** (白熱舎) was a company established by [Miyoshi Shōichi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miyoshi_Sh%C5%8Dichi&action=edit&redlink=1 "Miyoshi Shōichi (page does not exist)") and [Fujioka Ichisuke](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fujioka_Ichisuke&action=edit&redlink=1 "Fujioka Ichisuke (page does not exist)") \[[ja](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%B2%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%8A%A9 "ja:藤岡市助")\], two of Japan's industrial pioneers during the Tokugawa / [Edo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period "Edo period"). It specialized in the manufacturing of lightbulbs. The company was established in 1890 and started out by selling bulbs using bamboo filaments; however, following the opening up of trade with the West through the [Unequal treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unequal_treaty "Unequal treaty"), [Hakunetsusha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakunetsusha "Hakunetsusha") met with fierce competition from imports. Its bulb cost about 60 percent more than the imports and the quality was poorer.
The company managed to survive with the booms after the [First Sino-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War "First Sino-Japanese War") of 1894–95 and the [Russo-Japanese War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War "Russo-Japanese War") of 1904–05, but afterward its financial position was precarious. In 1905, the company was renamed [Tokyo Denki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Denki "Tokyo Denki") (Tokyo Electric) and entered into a financial and technological collaboration with [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") of the US. General Electric acquired 51 percent share of ownership, sent a vice president, and provided the technology for bulb-making. Production equipment was bought from GE and Tokyo Denki soon started selling its products with GE's trademark.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Vacuum_tube_Radio.jpg)
AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-20) and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) ([**東**京](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC "wikt:東京") [**芝**浦](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%9D%E6%B5%A6 "wikt:芝浦") [電気](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%B0%97 "wikt:電気")). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-21)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Expo85_toshiba.jpg)
The Toshiba pavilion at [Expo '85](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_%2785 "Expo '85")
The group expanded rapidly, driven by a combination of organic growth and by acquisitions, buying heavy engineering, and primary industry firms in the 1940s and 1950s. Groups created include [Toshiba Music Industries/Toshiba EMI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Music_Japan "EMI Music Japan") (1960), Toshiba International Corporation (the 1970s), Toshiba Electrical Equipment (1974), Toshiba Chemical (1974), Toshiba Lighting and Technology (1989), Toshiba America Information Systems (1989) and Toshiba Carrier Corporation (1999). The first mini-split ductless [air conditioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioner "Air conditioner") was sold in 1961 by Toshiba in Japan.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-22)
Toshiba is responsible for a number of Japanese firsts, including radar (1912)\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\], the TAC digital computer (1954), transistor television, color CRTs[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-23) and microwave oven (1959), [color video phone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videophone "Videophone") (1971), Japanese [word processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor "Word processor") (1978), MRI system (1982), personal computer [Pasopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Pasopia "Toshiba Pasopia") (1981), laptop personal computer (1986), NAND EEPROM (1991), DVD (1995), the [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libretto_\(notebook\) "Libretto (notebook)") sub-notebook personal computer (1996) and [HD DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_DVD "HD DVD") (2005). In 1977, Toshiba acquired the Brazilian company Semp (Sociedade Eletromercantil Paulista), subsequently forming Semp Toshiba through the combination of the two companies' South American operations.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Logo_1950.svg)
In 1950, Tokyo Shibaura Denki was renamed Toshiba. This logo, known as the "Umbrella Mark", was used from 1950 to 1969, and then as a primary logo between 1969 and 1984. It was also used later on for hard drives.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-24)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Logo_1969.svg)
Toshiba's secondary logo used from 1969 to 1984, used in tandem with the umbrella logo above[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-toshiba.co.jp-25)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg)
Toshiba logo, used since 1984[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-toshiba.co.jp-25)
In 1987, Toshiba Machine, a subsidiary of Toshiba, was accused of illegally selling CNC [milling machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_machine "Milling machine") used to produce very quiet [submarine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine "Submarine") propellers to the [Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union") in violation of the [CoCom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoCom "CoCom") agreement, an international [embargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embargo "Embargo") on certain countries to [COMECON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMECON "COMECON") countries. The [Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba-Kongsberg_scandal "Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal") involved a subsidiary of Toshiba and the Norwegian company [Kongsberg Vaapenfabrikk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsberg_Defence_%26_Aerospace "Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace"). The incident strained relations between the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") and [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"), and resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two senior executives, as well as the imposition of [sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sanctions "Economic sanctions") on the company by both countries.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-26) Senator [John Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Heinz "John Heinz") of Pennsylvania said: "What Toshiba and Kongsberg did was ransom the security of the United States for \$517 million."
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_JW-10.JPG)
World-first Japanese [word processor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_processor "Word processor") Toshiba JW-10 (1979)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshibo-Nuon-SD-2300-DVD-Player-Front-1.jpg)
A [Nuon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuon_\(DVD_technology\) "Nuon (DVD technology)"), an obscure DVD/Console hybrid, manufactured by Toshiba in 2000.
In 2001, Toshiba signed a contract with [Orion Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Electric "Orion Electric"), one of the world's largest [OEM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer "Original equipment manufacturer") consumer video electronic makers and suppliers, to manufacture and supply finished consumer TV and video products for Toshiba to meet the increasing demand for the North American market. The contract ended in 2008, ending seven years of OEM production with Orion.
In December 2004, Toshiba quietly announced it would discontinue manufacturing traditional in-house [cathode-ray tube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube "Cathode-ray tube") (CRT) televisions. In 2005, Matsushita Toshiba Picture Display Co. Ltd. (a joint venture between [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic") and Toshiba created in 2002[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-27)) stopped production of CRTs at its factory in Horseheads, New York. A year later, in 2006, it stopped production at its Malaysian factory, following heavy losses.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-30) In 2006, Toshiba terminated sales of CRT TVs in Japan[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-31) and production of in-house plasma TVs. To ensure its future competitiveness in the flat-panel digital television and display market, Toshiba has made a considerable investment in a new kind of display technology called [SED](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-conduction_electron-emitter_display "Surface-conduction electron-emitter display"). This technology was never sold to the public, as it was not price-competitive with LCDs. Toshiba sold its share in SED Inc. to [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") after Nano-Proprietary, which owns several patents related to SED technology, claimed SED Inc. was not a subsidiary of Canon.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-32)
Before [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), Toshiba was a member of the [Mitsui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsui "Mitsui") Group [zaibatsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaibatsu "Zaibatsu") (family-controlled [vertical monopoly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_monopoly "Vertical monopoly")). Today Toshiba is a member of the Mitsui [keiretsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiretsu "Keiretsu") (a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings), and still has preferential arrangements with Mitsui Bank and the other members of the keiretsu. Membership in a keiretsu has traditionally meant loyalty, both corporate and private, to other members of the keiretsu or allied keiretsu. This loyalty can extend as far as the [beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer "Beer") the employees consume, which in Toshiba's case is [Asahi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asahi_Breweries "Asahi Breweries").
In July 2005, [BNFL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNFL "BNFL") confirmed it planned to sell [Westinghouse Electric Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company"), then estimated to be worth \$1.8 billion (£1 billion).[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-33) The bid attracted interest from several companies including Toshiba, [General Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric "General Electric") and [Mitsubishi Heavy Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Heavy_Industries "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries") and when the *[Financial Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times "Financial Times")* reported on 23 January 2006 that Toshiba had won the bid, it valued the company's offer at \$5 billion (£2.8 billion). The sale of Westinghouse by the Government of the United Kingdom surprised many industry experts, who questioned the wisdom of selling one of the world's largest producers of nuclear reactors shortly before the market for nuclear power was expected to grow substantially; [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"), the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") and the [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom "United Kingdom") were all expected to invest heavily in nuclear power.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-34) The acquisition of [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") for \$5.4 billion was completed on 17 October 2006, with Toshiba obtaining a 77 percent share, and partners [The Shaw Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shaw_Group "The Shaw Group") a 20 percent share and Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co. Ltd. a 3 percent share.
In late 2007, Toshiba took over from [Discover Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discover_Card "Discover Card") as the sponsor of the top-most screen of [One Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Times_Square "One Times Square") in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-35) It displays the iconic 60-second [New Year's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve "New Year's Eve") countdown on its screen, as well as messages, greetings, and advertisements for the company. The sponsor of the New Year's countdown was taken over by [Capital One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_One "Capital One") on 31 December 2018. In January 2009, Toshiba acquired the [HDD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive "Hard disk drive") business of [Fujitsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu "Fujitsu").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-37)
Toshiba announced on 16 May 2011, that it had agreed to acquire all of the shares of the Swiss-based advanced-power-meter maker [Landis+Gyr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landis%2BGyr "Landis+Gyr") for \$2.3 billion.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-38) In 2010 the company released a series of television models including the WL768, YL863, VL963 designed in collaboration with Danish designer [Timothy Jacob Jensen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Jacob_Jensen "Timothy Jacob Jensen").[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-39) In April 2012, Toshiba agreed to acquire [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM")'s point-of-sale business for \$850 million, making it the world's largest vendor of point-of-sale systems.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-40)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-41)
In July 2012, Toshiba was accused of fixing the prices of LCD panels in the United States at a high level. While such claims were denied by Toshiba,[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-42) they agreed to settle alongside several other manufacturers for a total of \$571 million.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-43) In December 2013, Toshiba completed its acquisition of Vijai Electricals Limited plant at Hyderabad and set up its own base for manufacturing of transmission and distribution products (transformers and switchgears) under the Social Infrastructure Group in India as Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Private Limited.
In January 2014, Toshiba completed its acquisition of [OCZ Storage Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ_Storage_Solutions "OCZ Storage Solutions").[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-44) OCZ Technology stock was halted on 27 November 2013. OCZ then stated they expected to file a petition for bankruptcy and that Toshiba Corporation had expressed interest in purchasing its assets in a bankruptcy proceeding.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-45)[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-46) On 2 December 2013, OCZ announced Toshiba had agreed to purchase nearly all of OCZ's assets for \$35 million.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-47) The deal was completed on 21 January 2014 when the assets of OCZ Technology Group became a new independently operated subsidiary of Toshiba named OCZ Storage Solutions.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-48) OCZ Technology Group then changed its name to ZCO Liquidating Corporation;[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-49) on 18 August 2014, ZCO Liquidating Corporation and its subsidiaries were liquidated.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-50) [OCZ Storage Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCZ_Storage_Solutions "OCZ Storage Solutions") was dissolved on 1 April 2016 and absorbed into Toshiba America Electronic Components, Inc.,[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-CompanyWebsite2-51)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Valich2-52) with OCZ becoming a brand of Toshiba.
In March 2014, Toshiba sued [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix"), accusing the company of stealing technology of its NAND flash memory.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-53) In the late same year, the two companies settled with a deal in which SK Hynix pays US\$278 million to Toshiba.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-54) Toshiba had sued Hynix in the early 2000s for [patent infringement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_infringement "Patent infringement").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-55) In October 2014, Toshiba and [United Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Technologies "United Technologies") agreed a deal to expand their joint venture outside [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan").[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-56)
### 2015 Accounting scandal
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: 2015 Accounting scandal")\]
Toshiba first announced in May 2015 that it was investigating an accounting scandal and it might have to revise its profits for the previous three years.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-58) On 21 July 2015, CEO Hisao Tanaka announced his resignation amid an accounting scandal that he called "the most damaging event for our brand in the company's 140-year history". Profits had been inflated by \$1.2 billion over the previous seven years.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-59) Eight other senior officials also resigned, including the two previous CEOs.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-60) Chairman Masashi Muromachi was appointed acting CEO.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20150721-61) Following the scandal, Toshiba Corp. was removed from a stock index showcasing Japan's best companies. That was the second reshuffle of the index, which picks companies with the best operating income, return on equity and market value.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-62)
Toshiba announced in early 2015 that they would stop making televisions in its own factories. From 2015 onward, Toshiba televisions will be made by [Compal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compal_Electronics "Compal Electronics") for the U.S., or by [Vestel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestel "Vestel") and other manufacturers for the European market. In September 2015, Toshiba shares fell to their lowest point in two and a half years. The firm said in a statement that its net losses for the quarterly period were 12.3 billion yen (\$102m; £66m). The company noted poor performances in its televisions, home appliances and personal computer businesses.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-63) In October 2015, Toshiba sold the image sensor business to [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-64) In December 2015, Muromachi said the episode had wiped about \$8 billion off Toshiba's market value. He forecast a record 550 billion yen (about US\$4.6 billion) annual loss and warned the company would have to overhaul its TV and computer businesses. Toshiba would not be raising funds for two years, he said. The next week, a company spokesperson announced Toshiba would seek 300 billion yen (\$2.5 billion) in 2016, taking the company's indebtedness to more than 1 trillion yen (about \$8.3 billion).[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-65)
In January 2016, Toshiba's security division unveiled a new bundle of services for schools that use its surveillance equipment. The program, which is intended for both K-12 and higher education, includes education discounts, alerts, and post-warranty support, among other features, on its IP-based security gear.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-66) In March 2016, Toshiba was preparing to start construction on a cutting-edge new semiconductor plant in Japan that would mass-produce chips based on the ultra-dense flash variant. Toshiba expected to spend approximately 360 billion yen, or \$3.2 billion, on the project through May 2019.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-67) In April 2016, Toshiba recalled 100,000 faulty laptop lithium-ion batteries, which were made by [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic"), that can overheat, posing burn and fire hazards to consumers, according to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Toshiba first announced the recall in January and said it was recalling the batteries in certain Toshiba Notebook computers sold since June 2011.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-68)
In May 2016, it was announced that Satoshi Tsunakawa, the former head of Toshiba's medical equipment division, was named CEO. This appointment came after the accounting scandal that occurred.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-69)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-70) In September 2016, Toshiba announced the first wireless power receiver [IC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit "Integrated circuit") using the [Qi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_\(standard\) "Qi (standard)") 1.2.2 specification, developed in association with the [Wireless Power Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Power_Consortium "Wireless Power Consortium").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-71) In December 2016, [Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Medical_Systems_Corporation "Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation") was acquired by [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-72) A Chinese electrical appliance corporation [Midea Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midea_Group "Midea Group") bought a controlling 80.1% stake in the Toshiba Home Appliances Group.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-74)
### 2017 US nuclear construction liabilities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: 2017 US nuclear construction liabilities")\]
In late December 2016, the management of Toshiba requested an "urgent press briefing" to announce that the newly-found losses in the [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") subsidiary from [Vogtle Electric Generating Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogtle_Electric_Generating_Plant "Vogtle Electric Generating Plant") nuclear plant construction would lead to a write-down of several billion dollars, bankrupting Westinghouse and threatening to bankrupt Toshiba. The exact amount of the liabilities was unavailable.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-76) In January 2017, a person with direct knowledge of the matter reported that the company plans on making its memory chip division a separate business, to save Toshiba from bankruptcy.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-77)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-79)[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-81)[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-83)
In February 2017, Toshiba revealed unaudited details of a 390 billion yen (\$3.4 billion) corporate wide loss, mainly arising from its majority owned US based [Westinghouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company "Westinghouse Electric Company") nuclear construction subsidiary which was written down by 712 billion yen (\$6.3 billion). On 14 February 2017, Toshiba delayed filing financial results, and chairman Shigenori Shiga, formerly chairman of Westinghouse, resigned.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20170214-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170214a-85)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170214b-86) Construction delays, regulatory changes and cost overruns at Westinghouse-built nuclear facilities [Vogtle units 3 and 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogtle_Electric_Generating_Plant "Vogtle Electric Generating Plant") in Waynesboro, Georgia and [VC Summer units 2 and 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil_C._Summer_Nuclear_Generating_Station "Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station") in South Carolina, were cited as the main causes of the dramatic fall in Toshiba's financial performance and collapse in the share price. Fixed priced construction contracts negotiated by Westinghouse with Georgia Power left Toshiba with uncharted liabilities that resulted in the sale of key Toshiba operating subsidiaries to secure the company's future.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-87)
Westinghouse filed for [Chapter 11 bankruptcy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy "Chapter 11 bankruptcy") protection on 29 March 2017.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-reuters-20170330-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-89) Toshiba was estimated to have a 9 billion dollar annual net loss.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:0-90) On 11 April 2017, Toshiba filed unaudited quarterly results. Auditors [PricewaterhouseCoopers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PricewaterhouseCoopers "PricewaterhouseCoopers") had not signed off on the accounts because of uncertainties at Westinghouse. Toshiba stated that "substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern exists".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-bbc-20170411-12)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-nasdaq-20170411-91) On 25 April 2017, Toshiba announced its decision to replace its auditor after less than a year. Earlier in April, the company filed twice-delayed business results without an endorsement from auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:0-90)[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-92)
On 20 September 2017, Toshiba's board approved a deal to sell its memory chip business to a group led by [Bain Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bain_Capital "Bain Capital") for US\$18 billion, with financial backing by companies such as [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), [Dell Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Technologies "Dell Technologies"), [Hoya Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoya_Corporation "Hoya Corporation"), [Kingston Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Technology "Kingston Technology"), [Seagate Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology"), and [SK Hynix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Hynix "SK Hynix").[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-93)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-wsj-cimiluca-94) The newly independent company was named [Toshiba Memory Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Memory_Corporation "Toshiba Memory Corporation"), and then renamed [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia"). On 15 November 2017, [Hisense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisense "Hisense") reached a deal to acquire 95% of Toshiba Visual Solutions ([television sets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_set "Television set")) for US\$113.6 million.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-95) Later that month, the company announced that it would pull out of its long-standing sponsorships of the Japanese television programs *[Sazae-san](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sazae-san "Sazae-san")*, *Nichiyō Gekijo*, and the video screens on top of [One Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Times_Square "One Times Square") in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City"). The company cited that the value of these placements were reduced by its exit from consumer-oriented lines of business.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-96) On 6 April 2018, Toshiba announced the completion of the sale of Westinghouse's holding company to [Brookfield Business Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookfield_Business_Partners "Brookfield Business Partners") and some partners for \$4.6 billion.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-wnn-20180406-97)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lazona_Kawasaki_Toshiba_Building.jpg "Toshiba Science Museum in Kawasaki, Japan")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Himeji.jpg "Toshiba factory in Taishi, Japan")
Toshiba factory in [Taishi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taishi,_Hy%C5%8Dgo "Taishi, Hyōgo"), Japan
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elevator_Research_Tower_of_Toshiba_Fuchu_Complex.jpg "Elevator Research Tower of Toshiba Fuchu Complex. The largest factory complex in the Toshiba organization")
Elevator Research Tower of Toshiba Fuchu Complex. The largest factory complex in the Toshiba organization
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Rinkan_Hospital.jpg "Toshiba Rinkan Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan")
Toshiba Rinkan Hospital, [Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanagawa "Kanagawa"), Japan
In June 2018, Toshiba sold 80.1% of its Client Solutions ([personal computers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer "Personal computer")) business unit to [Sharp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation") for \$36m, with an option allowing Sharp to buy the remaining 19.9% share.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-98) Sharp renamed the business to [Dynabook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc."), a brand name Toshiba had used in Japan, and started releasing products under that name. On 30 June 2020, Sharp exercised its option to acquire the remaining 19.9% percent of Dynabook shares from Toshiba.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:3-99) In May 2019, Toshiba announced that it would put non-Japanese investors on its board for the first time in nearly 80 years.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-100) In November, the company transferred its logistics service business to SBS Group.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-101)
In January 2020, Toshiba unveiled its plan to launch quantum cryptography services by September the same year.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-quantumToshiba-5) It also announced a number of other technologies waiting for commercialization, including an affordable solid-state [Lidar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidar "Lidar") based on [silicon photomultiplier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_photomultiplier "Silicon photomultiplier"), high-capacity [hydrogen fuel cells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_fuel_cells "Hydrogen fuel cells"),[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-102)[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-103) and a proprietary [computer algorithm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm "Algorithm") named *Simulated Bifurcation Algorithm* that mimics [quantum computing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing "Quantum computing"), of which it plans to sell access to other parties such as financial institutions, social networking services, etc. The company claims the algorithm running on a desktop PC at room temperature environment is capable of surpassing the performance of similar algorithms running on existing [supercomputers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer "Supercomputer"), even that of laser-based quantum computer when a specialized setting is given.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-104) It has been added to quantum computing services offered by major cloud platforms including [Microsoft Azure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azure "Microsoft Azure").[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-105) In October 2020, Toshiba made a decision to pull out of the system [LSI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit#LSI "Integrated circuit") business citing mounted losses while reportedly mulling on the sale of its semiconductor fabs as well.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-106)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-107) In April 2021, [CVC Capital Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVC_Capital_Partners "CVC Capital Partners") made a takeover offer.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-108)
On 12 November 2021, Toshiba announced that it would split into three separate companies. Two of the companies will respectively focus on infrastructure and electronic devices; the third, which will retain the Toshiba name, would manage the 40.6% stake in [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia") and all other remaining assets. The company expected to complete the plan by March 2024[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Breakup_-_WSJ-109) but the plan was challenged by stockholders, and at an extraordinary general meeting on 24 March 2022, they rejected the plan. They also rejected an alternative plan put forward by a large institutional investor that would have had the company search for buyers among private equity firms.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:4-15) Toshiba announced in February 2022 that it plans to split into two companies instead after the original proposal proved unpopular with shareholders.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-110)
In March 2023, the company announced it had accepted a [¥](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_yen "Japanese yen")2 trillion (\$15 billion) buyout offer from a consortium of 20 companies, which was led by [Japan Industrial Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Industrial_Partners "Japan Industrial Partners") (JIP), a Tokyo-based private equity firm,[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-111) and includes [Orix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orix "Orix"), [Chubu Electric Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubu_Electric_Power "Chubu Electric Power"), and [Rohm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohm "Rohm"). On September 27, after the public offering was completed in the middle of that month, it was reported that it would be transferred to a new parent company, TBJH.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-112)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-113) On 22 December 2023, it was announced that JIP's purchase of the company had been completed, two days after being delisted.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-114) This move brought the company back to Japan after it had been run by overseas [activist investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_investor "Activist investor").[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-115)[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-116)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_research_and_development_center_Komukaitoshiba.jpg "The Toshiba research and development facility in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan")
The Toshiba research and development facility in [Kawasaki, Kanagawa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki,_Kanagawa "Kawasaki, Kanagawa"), Japan
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TEG_Gebaeude.jpg "Toshiba Europe offices in Neuss, Germany")
Toshiba Europe offices in [Neuss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuss "Neuss"), [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ToshibaCanada2.jpg "Toshiba Canada offices")
Toshiba Canada offices
As of 2012, Toshiba had 39 R\&D facilities worldwide, which employed around 4,180 people,[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) and was organized into four main business groupings: the Digital Products Group, the Electronic Devices Group, the Home Appliances Group and the Social Infrastructure Group.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) In the year ended 31 March 2012, Toshiba had total revenues of ¥6,100.3 billion, of which 25.2 percent was generated by the Digital Products Group, 24.5 percent by the Electronic Devices Group, 8.7 percent by the Home Appliances Group, 36.6 percent by the Social Infrastructure Group and 5 percent by other activities. In the same year, 45 percent of Toshiba's sales were generated in Japan and 55 percent in the rest of the world.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117)
Toshiba invested a total of ¥319.9 billion in R\&D in the year ended 31 March 2012, equivalent to 5.2 percent of sales.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) Toshiba registered a total of 2,483 patents in the United States in 2011, the fifth-largest number of any company (after [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM"), [Samsung Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics "Samsung Electronics"), [Canon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_Inc. "Canon Inc.") and [Panasonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic "Panasonic")).[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-annrepop2012-117) Toshiba had around 141,256 employees as of 31 March 2018.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-corporatedata-118)
## Products, services, and standards
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Products, services, and standards")\]
Toshiba has had a range of products and services, including air conditioners,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119) consumer electronics (including televisions and DVD and Blu-ray players),[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-dps-120) control systems (including air-traffic control systems, railway systems, security systems and traffic control systems),[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-sisc-121) electronic point of sale equipment,[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tec-122) elevators and escalators,[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-123) home appliances (including refrigerators and washing machines),[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119) IT services,[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-124) lighting,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tceh-119)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-125) materials and electronic components,[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-126) medical equipment (including CT and MRI scanners, ultrasound equipment and X-ray equipment),[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-127) office equipment,[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-tec-122)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-128) business telecommunication equipment[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-129) personal computers,[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-dps-120) semiconductors,[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-130) power systems (including electricity turbines, fuel cells and nuclear reactors)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-131) power transmission and distribution systems,[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-sisc-121) and TFT displays.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-132)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_lift.jpg "A Toshiba elevator")
A Toshiba elevator
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_NX.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook NX")
TOSHIBA dynabook NX
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_TV.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook TV")
TOSHIBA dynabook TV
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba-AC100.jpg "Toshiba-AC100")
Toshiba-AC100
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_T1850_laptop_dismantled.jpg "Toshiba T1850 laptop dismantled")
Toshiba T1850 laptop dismantled
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Regza_S_Series.jpg "Toshiba Regza television")
Toshiba [Regza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regza "Regza") television
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_BDX_2250_Wi-Fi_Blu-ray_Disc_Player.jpg "Toshiba Blu-ray disc player")
Toshiba [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") disc player
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IFA_2005_Toshiba_HBS_A_001_HD-DVD_Player_\(Dual-Layer_HD-DVD_30GB\)_and_\(DVD-HD-DVD-Twin-Disc_5GB_15GB\)_\(by_HDTVTotalDOTcom\).jpg "Toshiba HD-DVD player")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Qosmio_X70-A-12N_PSPLTE-2895.jpg "Toshiba Qosmio notebook")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_old_television.jpg "A Toshiba cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.")
A Toshiba cathode-ray tube (CRT) television.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Vacuum_tube_Radio.jpg "Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio")
Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Portege_G900_in_hand.jpg "Toshiba Portege G900 smartphone with a Russian interface of Windows Mobile, connected to the Belarusian operator Velcom.")
Toshiba Portege G900 smartphone with a Russian interface of Windows Mobile, connected to the Belarusian operator Velcom.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disassembling_TOSHIBA_SD-K16G.jpg "Disassembled SD card \"TOSHIBA SD-K16G\".")
Disassembled SD card "TOSHIBA SD-K16G".
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Verpackung_einer_MicroSD-Speicherkarte.jpg "Toshiba microSD card")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_THN-U301W0320A4_20170814b.jpg "Toshiba USB flash drive")
Toshiba USB flash drive
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Thrive.jpg "Toshiba Thrive")
Toshiba Thrive
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_dynabook_Qosmio.jpg "TOSHIBA dynabook Qosmio")
TOSHIBA dynabook Qosmio
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_G500.jpg "Toshiba G500")
Toshiba G500
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_zinc_battery.jpg "Toshiba zinc battery")
Toshiba zinc battery
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_S-6080B.jpg "Silicon thyristor")
Silicon thyristor
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Tecra_8100.jpg "Toshiba Tecra 8100")
Toshiba Tecra 8100
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu_docomo_REGZA_Phone_Licensed_by_TOSHIBA_T-01D_Black_Back.JPG "Fujitsu Toshiba Regza smartphone")
Fujitsu Toshiba [Regza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regza "Regza") [smartphone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone "Smartphone")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_Microwave_Oven_ER-J3_.jpg "Toshiba microwave oven")
Toshiba microwave oven
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%B1%E8%8A%9D%E3%81%AE%E7%82%8A%E9%A3%AF%E5%99%A8_RCK-10GF_20110604.jpg "Toshiba rice cooker")
Toshiba rice cooker
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2017-09-19_\(304\)_Air_conditioner_Toshiba_RAV-SP564AT-E_at_Bahnhof_Melk.jpg "Toshiba air conditioner")
Toshiba air conditioner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Batt-6F22KG-Toshiba--21lyeyxy.jpg "Toshiba battery")
Toshiba battery
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_PC-G33.jpg "Toshiba PC-G33")
Toshiba PC-G33
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_washing_machine_2024-12-22.jpg "Toshiba washing machine")
Toshiba washing machine
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_SCiB_cell_in_Tokyo_Motor_Show_2011.jpg "Toshiba SCiB rechargeable battery")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T9769A_01.jpg "Toshiba T9769A integrated circuit")
Toshiba T9769A integrated circuit
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_XM-7002B-1168.jpg "Slimline CD-ROM Drive Toshiba XM-7002B")
Slimline CD-ROM Drive Toshiba XM-7002B
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_85A2.JPG "Toshiba 85A2")
Toshiba 85A2
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_CR2032-92326.jpg "Coin cell Toshiba CR2032")
Coin cell Toshiba CR2032
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:16_MB_SD_Card,_Toshiba-2724.jpg "16MB SD Card by Toshiba")
16MB SD Card by Toshiba
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SEU-3_-_Toshiba_TC4024BP-3849.jpg "Toshiba TC4024BP - 7-stage binary ripple counter")
Toshiba TC4024BP - 7-stage binary ripple counter
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Super3B.JPG "Toshiba Super3B")
Toshiba Super3B
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_MK4313MAT_HDD_\(dark1\).jpg "Toshiba hard disk")
Toshiba hard disk
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_MK5065GSXF_for_Apple_OEM.jpg "Toshiba MK5065GSXF for Apple OEM")
Toshiba MK5065GSXF for Apple OEM
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_TLUR123_3mm_GaAsP.jpg "Toshiba TLUR123 3mm GaAsP")
Toshiba TLUR123 3mm GaAsP
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_Remote_Model_CT-90325.jpg "A Toshiba remote control.")
A Toshiba remote control.
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5.jpg "Toshiba Aquilion Prime CT scanner")
Toshiba Aquilion Prime CT scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA,_MRI_Vantage_Titan_MRT-2004,.jpg "Toshiba Vantage Titan MRT-2004 MRI scanner")
Toshiba Vantage Titan MRT-2004 MRI scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TOSHIBA_AIR_CONDITIONER_OUTDOOR_UNIT.jpg "TOSHIBA AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT")
TOSHIBA AIR CONDITIONER OUTDOOR UNIT
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MedicalSonographicScanner.jpg "Toshiba medical ultrasound scanner")
Toshiba medical ultrasound scanner
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg "ToshibaVision screen in use during the ball drop in Times Square from 2008 to 2018")
ToshibaVision screen in use during the [ball drop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Ball "Times Square Ball") in [Times Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square "Times Square") from 2008 to 2018
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97101%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%87%E9%99%8D%E6%A9%9F.JPG "Toshiba elevator in Taipei 101")
Toshiba elevator in [Taipei 101](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_101 "Taipei 101")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HK_%E8%91%B5%E9%9D%92%E5%8D%80_Kwai_Tsing_%E9%9D%92%E8%8D%83%E8%B7%AF_Tsing_Tsuen_Road_%E9%9D%92%E8%A1%A3%E5%9F%8E_Maritime_Square_2_Two_shopping_mall_escalators_April_2022_Px3_05.jpg "Toshiba escalators")
Toshiba escalators
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JRF-HD300-901-00.jpg "Toshiba locomotive Class HD300")
Toshiba locomotive [Class HD300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_HD300 "Class HD300")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JGSDF_Type_93_Surface-to-air_missile\(04-4187\)_right_front_view_at_Camp_Shinodayama_April_16,_2017_03.jpg "Toshiba Type 93 surface-to-air missile")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Type_81_SAM_-_launcher.jpg "Toshiba Tan-SAM Type 81 SAM 6 x 6 launcher")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ABWR_Toshiba_1.jpg "Model of the nuclear power plant from Toshiba with Advanced boiling water reactor")
Model of the nuclear power plant from Toshiba with Advanced boiling water reactor
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HD-DVD.svg "HD DVD logo")
HD DVD logo
Toshiba had played a critical role in the development and proliferation of [DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD "DVD").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-133) On 19 February 2008, Toshiba announced that it would be discontinuing its HD DVD storage format, the successor of DVD, following defeat in [a format war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_optical_disc_format_war "High-definition optical disc format war") against [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc "Blu-ray Disc").[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-134) The HD DVD format had failed after most of the major US film studios backed the Blu-ray format, which was developed by [Sony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony "Sony"), Panasonic, [Philips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips "Philips") and [Pioneer Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation "Pioneer Corporation"). Conceding the abandonment of HD DVD, Toshiba's president, [Atsutoshi Nishida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsutoshi_Nishida "Atsutoshi Nishida") said "We concluded that a swift decision would be best \[and\] if we had continued, that would have created problems for consumers, and we simply had no chance to win".[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-135)
Toshiba continued to supply retailers with machines until the end of March 2008, and continued to provide technical support to the estimated one million people worldwide who owned HD DVD players and recorders. Toshiba announced a new line of stand-alone Blu-ray players as well as drives for PCs and laptops, and subsequently joined the BDA, the industry body which oversees the development of the Blu-ray format.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-136)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:REGZA_logo.svg "REGZA wordmark")
REGZA wordmark
REGZA (Real Expression Guaranteed by amaZing Architecture) is a unified television brand owned and manufactured by Toshiba. In 2010 REGZA name disappeared from the North American market, and from March 2015[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-137) new TVs carrying the Toshiba name are designed and produced by [Compal Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compal_Electronics "Compal Electronics"), a Taiwanese company, to which Toshiba has licensed its name. REGZA is also used in [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_\(operating_system\) "Android (operating system)")\-based smartphones that were developed by Fujitsu Toshiba Mobile Communications.
In October 2010, Toshiba unveiled the Toshiba Regza GL1 21" LED-backlit LCD TV glasses-free [3D prototype](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_television "3D television") at [CEATEC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEATEC "CEATEC") 2010. This system supports 3D capability without glasses (utilizing an integral imaging system of 9 parallax images with a vertical lenticular sheet). The retail product was released in December 2010.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-138)
#### 4K Ultra HD televisions
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: 4K Ultra HD televisions")\]
[4K Ultra HD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4K_resolution "4K resolution") (3840×2160p) televisions provides four times the resolution of 1080p Full HD televisions. Toshiba's 4K HD LED televisions are powered by a CEVO 4K Quad + dual-core processor.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-139)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba-t1950ct_hg.jpg)
A Toshiba T1950CT notebook computer
In 1985, Toshiba released the [T1100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_T1100 "Toshiba T1100"), the world's first commercially accepted [laptop PC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop "Laptop").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:2-14) Toshiba designed and developed PCs, predominantly laptops, under several product lines including [Satellite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Satellite "Dynabook Satellite"), [Portégé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Port%C3%A9g%C3%A9 "Dynabook Portégé"), [Libretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Libretto "Toshiba Libretto"), [Qosmio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qosmio "Qosmio") and [Tecra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Tecra "Dynabook Tecra"). Toshiba initialized process of divestment of the personal computer and laptop business, Toshiba Client Solutions, in 2018 with sale of 80.1% of shares to [Sharp Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation "Sharp Corporation"). Eventually Toshiba fully exited from the personal computing market in June 2020, transferring the remaining 19.9% shares in Toshiba Client Solutions (since being renamed to [Dynabook Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook_Inc. "Dynabook Inc.")) to Sharp.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-:3-99)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-140) Toshiba's divested personal computing business adopted the Dynabook name after a [computer concept targeted for children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynabook "Dynabook") and after one of its product lines.
In the 1980s, a Toshiba team led by [Fujio Masuoka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujio_Masuoka "Fujio Masuoka") invented [flash memory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_memory "Flash memory"), both NOR and NAND types. In March 2015, Toshiba announced the development of the first 48-layer, three-dimensional flash memory. The new flash memory is based on a vertical stacking technology that Toshiba calls BiCS (Bit Cost Scaling), stores two bits of data per transistor, and can store 128Gbits (16GB) per chip. This allowed flash memory to keep scaling up the capacity as [Moore's Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%27s_law "Moore's law") was considered to be obsolete.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-141) Toshiba's memory division was spun off as [Toshiba Memory Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba_Memory_Corporation "Toshiba Memory Corporation"), now [Kioxia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioxia "Kioxia").
## Environmental record
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toshiba&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Environmental record")\]
Toshiba has been judged as making "low" efforts to lessen its impact on the environment. In November 2012, they came second from the bottom in [Greenpeace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenpeace "Greenpeace")'s 18th edition of the Guide to Greener Electronics that ranks electronics companies according to their policies on products, energy, and sustainable operations.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-Greenpeace-142) Toshiba received 2.3 of a possible 10 points, with the top company ([WIPRO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIPRO "WIPRO")) receiving 7.1 points. "Zero" scores were received in the categories "Clean energy policy advocacy", "Use of recycled plastics in products" and "Policy and practice on [sustainable sourcing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sourcing "Sustainable sourcing") of fibres for paper". In 2010, Toshiba reported that all of its new LCD TVs comply with the [Energy Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Star "Energy Star") standards and 34 models exceed the requirements by 30% or more.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-143)
Toshiba partnered with China's Tsinghua University in 2008 in order to form a research facility to focus on energy conservation and the environment.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) The new Toshiba Energy and Environment Research Center is located in Beijing where forty students from the university will work to research electric power equipment and new technologies that will help stop the global warming process.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) Through this partnership, Toshiba hopes to develop products that will better protect the environment and save China.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) This contract between Tsinghua University and Toshiba originally began in October 2007 when they signed an agreement on joint energy and environment research.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144) The projects that they conduct work to reduce car pollution and to create power systems that don't negatively affect the environment.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-japancorp.net-144)
On 28 December 1970, Toshiba began the construction of unit 3 of the [Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant"),[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-145) which was damaged in the [Fukushima I nuclear accidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukushima_I_nuclear_accidents "Fukushima I nuclear accidents") on 14 March 2011. In April 2011, CEO Norio Sasaki declared nuclear energy would "remain as a strong option" even after the Fukushima I nuclear accidents.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-146) In late 2013, Toshiba entered the solar power business in Germany, installing PV systems on apartment buildings.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_note-147)
- [List of Toshiba subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Toshiba_subsidiaries "List of Toshiba subsidiaries")
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-7)** (Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd)
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-FY2010_1-4)
["Consolidated financial results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022 (under US GAAP)"](https://www.global.toshiba/content/dam/toshiba/ww/ir/corporate/finance/er/er2021/pdf/ter2021q4e.pdf) (PDF). Toshiba Corporation. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba#cite_ref-2)**
["基本データ \| 会社概要 \| 東芝"](https://www.global.toshiba/jp/outline/corporate/profile.html).
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[Jones, Daniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Jones_\(phonetician\) "Daniel Jones (phonetician)") (2003) \[1917\], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), *English Pronouncing Dictionary*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[3-12-539683-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2 "Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2")
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Soble, Jonathan (21 July 2015). ["Scandal Upends Toshiba's Lauded Reputation"](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/business/international/toshiba-chief-and-7-others-resign-in-accounting-scandal.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 11 July 2020.
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Mochizuki, Takashi (5 June 2018). ["Toshiba to Close the Book on Its Laptop Unit"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/toshiba-to-close-the-book-on-its-laptop-unit-1528175106). *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0099-9660](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660). Retrieved 27 July 2020.
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Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996). *Technology and Industrial Development in Japan*. Clarendon Press, Oxford. p. 158. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
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.
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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