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| Meta Title | Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States - Wikipedia |
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| Boilerpipe Text | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Legality of cannabis in the United States
Â
 Legal for recreational use
Â
 Legal for medical use
Â
 No comprehensive medical program
â—Ź
 Decriminalized
Notes
:
·
Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
·
Map does not show state legality of
hemp
-derived
cannabinoids
such as
CBD
or
delta-8-THC
, which
have been legal
at federal level since enactment of the
2018 Farm Bill
.
v
t
e
Timeline of
Gallup polls
in US on legalizing marijuana. See data table below.
[
1
]
Gallup polls
. Do you think the use of marijuana should be legal, or not?
[
1
]
Date
% Yes, legal
10/2/2023
70
10/3/2022
68
10/1/2021
68
10/1/2020
68
10/1/2019
66
5/15/2019
64
10/1/2018
66
10/5/2017
64
10/5/2016
60
10/7/2015
58
10/12/2014
51
10/3/2013
58
11/26/2012
48
10/6/2011
50
10/7/2010
46
10/1/2009
44
10/13/2005
36
11/10/2003
34
8/3/2001
34
8/29/2000
31
8/28/1995
25
5/17/1985
23
6/27/1980
25
5/18/1979
25
4/1/1977
28
1/26/1973
16
5/3/1972
15
10/2/1969
12
The
legal history of cannabis in the United States
began with state-level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with
Oregon
in 1973, individual states began to
liberalize cannabis
laws through
decriminalization
. In 1996,
California
became the first state to legalize
medical cannabis
, sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012,
Washington
and
Colorado
became the first states to legalize
cannabis
for
recreational use
.
1937: The
Marihuana Tax Act
is enacted, effectively prohibiting cannabis at the federal level. Although medical use is still permitted, new fees and regulatory requirements significantly curtail its use.
[
2
]
1969: The Marihuana Tax Act is struck down in the case
Leary v. United States
. The Supreme Court rules that the act violates the
Fifth Amendment's
protection against self-incrimination.
[
3
]
1970: The
Controlled Substances Act
is enacted. Cannabis is classified as a
Schedule I drug
, determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, thereby prohibiting its use for any purpose.
[
4
]
1979:
DEA
creates
Domestic Cannabis Eradication / Suppression Program
to destroy marijuana plants by
incineration
.
[
5
]
1985:
Marinol
is
prescribed
for the first time
1990: The
Solomon–Lautenberg amendment
is enacted.
[
6
]
As a result, many states pass "Smoke a joint, lose your license" laws under which any drug offense is punished with a mandatory six month driver's license suspension.
[
7
]
[
8
]
2014: The
Rohrabacher–Farr amendment
passes the U.S. House and is signed into law. Requiring annual renewal, it prohibits the
Justice Department
from interfering with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws.
[
9
]
[
10
]
The
Cole Memorandum
had in 2013 assigned similar policies from within the Justice Department.
[
11
]
[
12
]
2016: The
ATF
adds marijuana to
Form 4473
2018: The
2018 farm bill
legalizes low-THC (less than 0.3% THC) hemp and hemp-derived products such as
cannabidiol
(CBD) at the federal level. The bill also fully removed or
"descheduled"
low-THC cannabis products from the
Controlled Substances Act
, where they had been listed as Schedule I drugs since the CSA's inception in 1970.
[
4
]
[
13
]
2022: The
Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act
is signed into law to allow cannabis to be more easily researched for medical purposes. It is the first standalone cannabis reform bill enacted at the federal level.
[
14
]
[
15
]
Prohibition begins – 1911
[
edit
]
1911: Massachusetts requires a prescription for sales of
Indian hemp
.
[
16
]
1913: California, Maine, Wyoming, and Indiana ban marijuana.
[
16
]
1915: Utah and Vermont ban marijuana.
[
16
]
1917: Colorado legislators make the use and cultivation of cannabis a misdemeanor.
1923: Iowa, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont ban marijuana.
[
16
]
1927: New York,
[
16
]
Idaho, Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska ban marijuana.
[
17
]
1931: Illinois bans marijuana.
[
18
]
1931: Texas declares cannabis a
narcotic
, allowing up to life sentences for possession.
[
19
]
1933: North Dakota and Oklahoma ban marijuana.
[
17
]
By this year, 29 states have criminalized cannabis.
[
20
]
Decriminalization begins – 1973
[
edit
]
US annual marijuana arrests.
NORML
.
[
21
]
1973: Texas law is amended to declare possession of four ounces or less a misdemeanor.
[
19
]
[
22
]
1973: Oregon becomes the first state to decriminalize cannabis – reducing the penalty for up to one ounce to a $100 fine.
[
23
]
1975: Alaska, Maine, Colorado, California, and Ohio decriminalize cannabis.
[
23
]
1975: Alaska's Supreme Court establishes that the right to privacy includes possession of small amounts of marijuana.
[
24
]
1976: Minnesota decriminalizes cannabis.
[
23
]
1977: Mississippi, New York, and North Carolina decriminalize cannabis.
[
23
]
South Dakota also decriminalizes cannabis, but the law is repealed almost immediately afterwards.
[
25
]
1978: Nebraska decriminalizes cannabis.
[
23
]
No other state would decriminalize until 2001.
1978: New Mexico passes the
Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act
, becoming the first state to enact legislation recognizing the medical value of marijuana.
[
26
]
1979: Virginia passes legislation allowing doctors to recommend cannabis for
glaucoma
or the side effects of
chemotherapy
.
[
27
]
[
28
]
1982: Alaska passes legislation to further decrease penalties for cannabis.
[
29
]
1990: Alaska recriminalizes cannabis by voter initiative, restoring criminal penalties for possession of any amount of cannabis.
[
30
]
Medical cannabis begins – 1996
[
edit
]
1996: California becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis with the approval of
Proposition 215
.
[
31
]
Arizona also passes a medical cannabis ballot measure, but it is rendered ineffective on a technicality.
[
32
]
1998: Oregon, Alaska, and Washington all legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.
[
33
]
Nevada also passes a medical cannabis initiative, but it requires second approval in 2000 to become law, as per the
state constitution
.
[
34
]
1999: Maine legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
[
33
]
2000: Hawaii becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
35
]
2000: Nevada and Colorado legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.
[
33
]
2001: Nevada decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
36
]
2003: Maryland passes legislation establishing reduced penalties for persons using cannabis due to a
medical necessity
(as established at trial).
[
37
]
2004: Vermont legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
38
]
2004: Montana legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
2006: Rhode Island legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
39
]
2007: New Mexico legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
40
]
2008: Michigan approves a ballot initiative to legalize medical cannabis. Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to decriminalize cannabis.
[
41
]
2010: New Jersey legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
42
]
2010: Arizona legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
2010: California legislators reduce penalties for cannabis to a civil infraction.
[
43
]
2011: Delaware legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
44
]
2011: Connecticut decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
45
]
2012: Connecticut legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
46
]
2012: Rhode Island decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
47
]
Recreational legalization begins – 2012
[
edit
]
2012: Colorado and Washington become the first two states to legalize the recreational use of cannabis following the passage of
Amendment 64
and
Initiative 502
.
[
48
]
Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to legalize medical cannabis.
2013: Vermont decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
49
]
2013: New Hampshire legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
50
]
2013: Illinois legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
51
]
2014: Utah becomes the first state to pass a
low-THC, high-CBD
medical cannabis law.
[
52
]
These laws allow low-THC cannabis oil to be used for treatment of certain medical conditions (mostly seizure disorders) with a doctor's recommendation.
2014: Maryland legislators decriminalize cannabis and approve a comprehensive medical cannabis law, expanding the very limited measure that was passed in 2003.
[
53
]
2014: Missouri decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
54
]
2014: Minnesota legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
55
]
2014: New York legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
56
]
2014: Alaska and Oregon legalize recreational cannabis through ballot measure.
2014: By the end of the year, 10 more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Alabama, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Tennessee, Iowa, South Carolina, Florida, North Carolina, and Missouri.
[
57
]
2015: Delaware decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
58
]
2015: Louisiana legislators pass a limited medical cannabis law.
[
59
]
[
60
]
2015: During the year, five more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Virginia, Georgia, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming.
[
57
]
2016: Pennsylvania legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
61
]
2016: Ohio legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
62
]
2016: Illinois decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
63
]
2016: California, Nevada, Maine, and Massachusetts approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis. Arkansas, Florida, and North Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
2017: West Virginia legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
64
]
2017: Indiana passes a low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis law.
[
65
]
2017: New Hampshire decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
66
]
2018: Vermont becomes the first state to legalize recreational cannabis through state legislature. Unlike all other states that had legalized recreational cannabis, however, no provision was made for commercial sale.
[
67
]
2018: Indiana legalizes CBD for any use.
[
68
]
2018: Kansas legalizes CBD for any use.
[
69
]
2018: Oklahoma legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
[
70
]
2018: Michigan approves a ballot measure to legalize recreational cannabis.
[
71
]
Missouri and Utah approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
2019: New Mexico decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
72
]
2019: North Dakota decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
73
]
2019: Illinois legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature, including its commercial sale. It became the first state to legalize the commercial sale of recreational cannabis through an act of state legislature.
[
74
]
2019: Hawaii decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
75
]
2020: Virginia decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
76
]
2020: Vermont legalizes commercial recreational cannabis sales through state legislature.
[
77
]
2020: Arizona, Montana, New Jersey, and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis, with South Dakota becoming the first state to legalize recreational use without first legalizing medical use.
[
78
]
Mississippi and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
[
79
]
2021:
South Dakota initiative to legalize recreational use
is ruled state-unconstitutional by a
circuit court judge
.
[
80
]
2021: New York legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
81
]
2021: Virginia legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
82
]
2021: New Mexico legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
83
]
2021: Mississippi initiative to legalize medical cannabis is overturned by the
Supreme Court of Mississippi
due to issue with state's
ballot initiative
process.
[
84
]
2021: Alabama legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
85
]
2021: Louisiana decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.
[
86
]
2021: Connecticut legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
87
]
2022: Mississippi legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
88
]
2022: Rhode Island legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
89
]
2022: Maryland and Missouri voters approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis.
[
90
]
2023: Kentucky legalizes medical cannabis
through state legislature
.
[
91
]
2023: Delaware legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
92
]
2023: Minnesota legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.
[
93
]
2023: Ohio legalizes recreational cannabis through
Issue 2
.
[
94
]
2025: Texas legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.
[
95
]
2025: Nebraska legalizes medical cannabis through
Initiative 437
after legal issues were resolved.
[
96
]
1906:
Washington, D.C.
requires a prescription for cannabis drugs.
[
97
]
1915:
El Paso, Texas
restricts cannabis.
[
98
]
1972:
Ann Arbor
City Council decriminalized cannabis, reducing the penalty to a $5 fine.
[
99
]
The law was overturned by a Republican-led council a year later,
[
100
]
but reinstated through voter referendum in 1974.
[
101
]
1977:
Madison, Wisconsin
decriminalized cannabis through ballot initiative.
[
102
]
1978:
San Francisco
residents approved Proposition W, a non-binding measure directing city law enforcement to "cease the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in the cultivation, transfer, or possession of marijuana".
[
103
]
Mayor
George Moscone
was assassinated shortly afterwards, however,
[
104
]
and the initiative was disregarded by new mayor
Dianne Feinstein
.
[
105
]
1991: San Francisco residents approved the non-binding Proposition P in support of the medical use of cannabis.
[
106
]
The city Board of Supervisors followed with Resolution 141–92 in 1992, which allowed for the distribution of medical cannabis throughout the city.
[
107
]
1998: Washington, D.C. residents approved
Initiative 59
to legalize medical cannabis, but the Barr amendment blocked implementation until 2009, with the first legal sales finally occurring in 2013.
[
108
]
2003:
Seattle
residents voted to make enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority.
[
109
]
2004:
Oakland, California
residents approved Measure Z, making private adult cannabis offenses the lowest possible priority for law enforcement, establishing a system to regulate, tax, and sell cannabis pending state legalization, and urging legalization on the state and national levels.
[
110
]
2005:
Denver
residents voted to legalize cannabis.
[
111
]
2006: San Francisco made enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority. The change was approved through a Board of Supervisors vote.
[
112
]
2009:
Breckenridge, Colorado
residents voted to legalize cannabis.
[
113
]
2012:
Chicago
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
114
]
2012:
Detroit
,
Grand Rapids
, and
Flint
residents voted to decriminalize cannabis.
[
115
]
2013:
Portland, Maine
residents voted to legalize cannabis.
[
116
]
2014:
Philadelphia
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
117
]
2014: After a city council vote decriminalized cannabis in March,
[
118
]
Washington D.C. residents voted to approve
Initiative 71
in November to legalize recreational use of cannabis and personal cultivation.
[
119
]
A congressional rider passed afterwards prevented D.C. City Council from legalizing commercial sales.
[
120
]
2014:
New York City
decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by city officials.
[
121
]
2015:
Wichita, Kansas
decriminalized cannabis through voter referendum.
[
122
]
2015:
Miami-Dade
commissioners voted to decriminalize cannabis.
[
123
]
2015:
Toledo, Ohio
residents voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).
[
124
]
2015:
Pittsburgh
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
125
]
2016:
Tampa
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
126
]
2016:
New Orleans
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
127
]
2016:
Orlando
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
128
]
2016:
Nashville
decriminalized cannabis through a Metro Council vote.
[
129
]
2016:
Memphis
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
130
]
2016: Residents in the Ohio cities of
Bellaire
,
Logan
,
Newark
, and
Roseville
voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).
[
124
]
2017:
Houston
decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by the city's district attorney.
[
131
]
2017:
Kansas City, Missouri
residents voted to decriminalize cannabis, eliminating jail time for possession of 35 grams (1ÂĽ oz) or less and reducing the penalty to a $25 fine.
[
132
]
2017:
Atlanta
decriminalized possession of one ounce or less of cannabis via unanimous city council vote.
[
133
]
2018:
Albuquerque
decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.
[
134
]
2014:
Guam
legalized medical cannabis through ballot measure.
[
135
]
2014: The
United States Virgin Islands
decriminalized cannabis.
[
136
]
2015:
Puerto Rico
legalized medical cannabis by executive order.
[
137
]
2018: The
Northern Mariana Islands
legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.
[
138
]
2019: The United States Virgin Islands legalized medical cannabis through an act of legislature.
[
139
]
2019: Guam legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.
[
140
]
2023: The United States Virgin Islands legalized recreational cannabis through territorial legislature.
[
141
]
Native American reservations
[
edit
]
2014: The
Justice Department
announced a policy to allow recognized Native American tribes to legalize cannabis on their reservations, including in states where cannabis remains illegal.
[
142
]
2015: The
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota) voted to legalize recreational cannabis on its reservation.
[
143
]
2015: The
Squaxin Island Tribe
in the
Puget Sound area
legalized and opened the United States' first tribal retail cannabis sales shop on their trust lands.
[
144
]
Suquamish Tribe
followed later in the same year.
[
145
]
2015: The
Pinoleville Pomo Nation
in California announced a plan to grow cannabis and sell it to California medical dispensaries.
[
146
]
[
147
]
2016: The
Puyallup Tribe
made legal arrangements with the State of Washington to grow its own medical cannabis.
[
148
]
2021: The
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
in North Carolina legalized the possession of up to one ounce of cannabis, through a tribal council vote.
[
149
]
2023: The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
approved a voter referendum
directing the tribal council to legalize recreational sales.
[
150
]
1972: President
Richard Nixon
opposes the policy of cannabis decriminalization. He states: "I do not believe that you can have effective criminal justice based on a philosophy that something is half legal and half illegal ... despite what the [
Shafer Commission
] has recommended."
[
151
]
1977: President
Jimmy Carter
endorses legislation to federally decriminalize cannabis, declaring that "Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself."
[
152
]
[
153
]
1980: Presidential candidate
Ronald Reagan
warns that "Leading medical researchers are coming to the conclusion that marijuana ... is probably the most dangerous drug in the United States."
[
154
]
1996: Former Presidents
Gerald Ford
,
Jimmy Carter
, and
George H. W. Bush
urge the defeat of medical cannabis initiatives in California and Arizona, asserting in an open letter that the measures pose "enormous threats" to the public health of all Americans.
[
155
]
2000: President
Bill Clinton
, in an interview with
Rolling Stone
shortly before leaving office, states his support for decriminalizing cannabis.
[
156
]
[
157
]
2015: President
Barack Obama
declares his support for cannabis decriminalization but opposition to legalization.
[
158
]
[
159
]
2022: President
Joe Biden
, in ordering a review of the
scheduling status of cannabis
, states: "We classify marijuana at the same level as
heroin
– and more serious than
fentanyl
. It makes no sense."
[
160
]
1969:
Gallup
conducted its first poll on legalizing cannabis, finding 12% in favor.
[
161
]
1973:
General Social Survey
's first poll on legalizing cannabis showed 19% in favor.
[
162
]
1977: Gallup reported 28% support for the legalization of cannabis, a number that would not be surpassed until 2000.
[
161
]
2011: Gallup reported 50% support for legalizing cannabis.
[
163
]
2013:
Pew Research
reported 52%
[
164
]
and Gallup 58%
[
165
]
in support of legalizing cannabis. In both polls, a majority of respondents supported legalization for the first time.
2017: Gallup's annual poll showed 64% support for the legalization of cannabis, including a majority of
Republicans
for the first time.
[
166
]
2018: Reflecting the increased growth of support for marijuana legalization, Gallup's annual poll showed that 66% of Americans supported legalization, including 75% of
Democrats
, 71% of
Independents
, 59% of people over 55, and at least 65% support in the
East
,
South
,
Midwest
, and
West
.
[
167
]
Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States
Legality of cannabis in the United States, by jurisdiction
Medical cannabis in the United States
Timeline of cannabis law
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^
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# Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_US_state_cannabis_laws.svg)
**Legality of cannabis in the United States**
***
Legal for recreational use
Legal for medical use
No comprehensive medical program
â—Ź Decriminalized
***
Notes:
**·** Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
**·** Map does not show state legality of [hemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp "Hemp")\-derived [cannabinoids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoids "Cannabinoids") such as [CBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol "Cannabidiol") or [delta-8-THC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol "Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol"), which [have been legal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp_loophole "Hemp loophole") at federal level since enactment of the [2018 Farm Bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_farm_bill "2018 United States farm bill").
- [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Template:Legality of cannabis by US state")
- [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Template talk:Legality of cannabis by US state")
- [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Special:EditPage/Template:Legality of cannabis by US state")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timeline_of_Gallup_polls_in_US_on_legalizing_marijuana.png)
Timeline of [Gallup polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc "Gallup, Inc") in US on legalizing marijuana. See data table below.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-galluppolls-1)
| Date | % Yes, legal |
|---|---|
| 10/2/2023 | 70 |
| 10/3/2022 | 68 |
| 10/1/2021 | 68 |
| 10/1/2020 | 68 |
| 10/1/2019 | 66 |
| 5/15/2019 | 64 |
| 10/1/2018 | 66 |
| 10/5/2017 | 64 |
| 10/5/2016 | 60 |
| 10/7/2015 | 58 |
| 10/12/2014 | 51 |
| 10/3/2013 | 58 |
| 11/26/2012 | 48 |
| 10/6/2011 | 50 |
| 10/7/2010 | 46 |
| 10/1/2009 | 44 |
| 10/13/2005 | 36 |
| 11/10/2003 | 34 |
| 8/3/2001 | 34 |
| 8/29/2000 | 31 |
| 8/28/1995 | 25 |
| 5/17/1985 | 23 |
| 6/27/1980 | 25 |
| 5/18/1979 | 25 |
| 4/1/1977 | 28 |
| 1/26/1973 | 16 |
| 5/3/1972 | 15 |
| 10/2/1969 | 12 |
The [legal history of cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legal history of cannabis in the United States") began with state-level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") in 1973, individual states began to [liberalize cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_liberalization "Drug liberalization") laws through [decriminalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization "Decriminalization"). In 1996, [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California "California") became the first state to legalize [medical cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Medical cannabis in the United States"), sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_\(state\) "Washington (state)") and [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") became the first states to legalize [cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_\(drug\) "Cannabis (drug)") for [recreational use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States").
## Federal
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Federal")\]
- 1937: The [Marihuana Tax Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937 "Marihuana Tax Act of 1937") is enacted, effectively prohibiting cannabis at the federal level. Although medical use is still permitted, new fees and regulatory requirements significantly curtail its use.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Pacula-2)
- 1969: The Marihuana Tax Act is struck down in the case *[Leary v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leary_v._United_States "Leary v. United States")*. The Supreme Court rules that the act violates the [Fifth Amendment's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution") protection against self-incrimination.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-3)
- 1970: The [Controlled Substances Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act "Controlled Substances Act") is enacted. Cannabis is classified as a [Schedule I drug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_I_drug "Schedule I drug"), determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, thereby prohibiting its use for any purpose.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-4)
- 1979: [DEA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration "Drug Enforcement Administration") creates [Domestic Cannabis Eradication / Suppression Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Cannabis_Eradication/Suppression_Program "Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program") to destroy marijuana plants by [incineration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incineration "Incineration").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5)
- 1985: [Marinol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronabinol "Dronabinol") is [prescribed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_prescription "Medical prescription") for the first time
- 1990: The [Solomon–Lautenberg amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%E2%80%93Lautenberg_amendment "Solomon–Lautenberg amendment") is enacted.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6) As a result, many states pass "Smoke a joint, lose your license" laws under which any drug offense is punished with a mandatory six month driver's license suspension.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-8)
- 2014: The [Rohrabacher–Farr amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrabacher%E2%80%93Farr_amendment "Rohrabacher–Farr amendment") passes the U.S. House and is signed into law. Requiring annual renewal, it prohibits the [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") from interfering with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-10) The [Cole Memorandum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Memorandum "Cole Memorandum") had in 2013 assigned similar policies from within the Justice Department.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-12)
- 2016: The [ATF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives") adds marijuana to [Form 4473](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_4473 "Form 4473")
- 2018: The [2018 farm bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_farm_bill "2018 United States farm bill") legalizes low-THC (less than 0.3% THC) hemp and hemp-derived products such as [cannabidiol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol "Cannabidiol") (CBD) at the federal level. The bill also fully removed or ["descheduled"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act "Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act") low-THC cannabis products from the [Controlled Substances Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act "Controlled Substances Act"), where they had been listed as Schedule I drugs since the CSA's inception in 1970.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-4)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-13)
- 2022: The [Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act "Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act") is signed into law to allow cannabis to be more easily researched for medical purposes. It is the first standalone cannabis reform bill enacted at the federal level.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-14)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-15)
## State
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: State")\]
### Prohibition begins – 1911
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Prohibition begins – 1911")\]
- 1911: Massachusetts requires a prescription for sales of [Indian hemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_hemp "Indian hemp").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1913: California, Maine, Wyoming, and Indiana ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1915: Utah and Vermont ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1917: Colorado legislators make the use and cultivation of cannabis a misdemeanor.
- 1923: Iowa, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1927: New York,[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16) Idaho, Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska ban marijuana.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Davenport-Hines2012-17)
- 1931: Illinois bans marijuana.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-18)
- 1931: Texas declares cannabis a [narcotic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic "Narcotic"), allowing up to life sentences for possession.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ngccpra-19)
- 1933: North Dakota and Oklahoma ban marijuana.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Davenport-Hines2012-17) By this year, 29 states have criminalized cannabis.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-LabateCavnar2014-20)
### Decriminalization begins – 1973
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Decriminalization begins – 1973")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_annual_marijuana_arrests_chart_-_NORML.png)
US annual marijuana arrests. [NORML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NORML "NORML").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21)
- 1973: Texas law is amended to declare possession of four ounces or less a misdemeanor.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ngccpra-19)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-22)
- 1973: Oregon becomes the first state to decriminalize cannabis – reducing the penalty for up to one ounce to a \$100 fine.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1975: Alaska, Maine, Colorado, California, and Ohio decriminalize cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1975: Alaska's Supreme Court establishes that the right to privacy includes possession of small amounts of marijuana.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-alaska_law-24)
- 1976: Minnesota decriminalizes cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1977: Mississippi, New York, and North Carolina decriminalize cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23) South Dakota also decriminalizes cannabis, but the law is repealed almost immediately afterwards.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Bewley-Taylor2012-25)
- 1978: Nebraska decriminalizes cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23) No other state would decriminalize until 2001.
- 1978: New Mexico passes the [Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Therapeutic_Research_Act "Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act"), becoming the first state to enact legislation recognizing the medical value of marijuana.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-GrinspoonBakalar1997-26)
- 1979: Virginia passes legislation allowing doctors to recommend cannabis for [glaucoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma "Glaucoma") or the side effects of [chemotherapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy "Chemotherapy").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-InciardiHarrison1999-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28)
- 1982: Alaska passes legislation to further decrease penalties for cannabis.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Lippman2013-29)
- 1990: Alaska recriminalizes cannabis by voter initiative, restoring criminal penalties for possession of any amount of cannabis.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Lyman2013-30)
### Medical cannabis begins – 1996
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Medical cannabis begins – 1996")\]
- 1996: California becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis with the approval of [Proposition 215](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition_215 "Proposition 215").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-31) Arizona also passes a medical cannabis ballot measure, but it is rendered ineffective on a technicality.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-32)
- 1998: Oregon, Alaska, and Washington all legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33) Nevada also passes a medical cannabis initiative, but it requires second approval in 2000 to become law, as per the [state constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Constitution "Nevada Constitution").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)
- 1999: Maine legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33)
- 2000: Hawaii becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)
- 2000: Nevada and Colorado legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33)
- 2001: Nevada decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36)
- 2003: Maryland passes legislation establishing reduced penalties for persons using cannabis due to a [medical necessity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_necessity "Medical necessity") (as established at trial).[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37)
- 2004: Vermont legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)
- 2004: Montana legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2006: Rhode Island legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39)
- 2007: New Mexico legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40)
- 2008: Michigan approves a ballot initiative to legalize medical cannabis. Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to decriminalize cannabis.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41)
- 2010: New Jersey legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-42)
- 2010: Arizona legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2010: California legislators reduce penalties for cannabis to a civil infraction.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43)
- 2011: Delaware legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-44)
- 2011: Connecticut decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45)
- 2012: Connecticut legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46)
- 2012: Rhode Island decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47)
### Recreational legalization begins – 2012
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Recreational legalization begins – 2012")\]
- 2012: Colorado and Washington become the first two states to legalize the recreational use of cannabis following the passage of [Amendment 64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Amendment_64 "Colorado Amendment 64") and [Initiative 502](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502 "Washington Initiative 502").[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2013: Vermont decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49)
- 2013: New Hampshire legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50)
- 2013: Illinois legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51)
- 2014: Utah becomes the first state to pass a [low-THC, high-CBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States#Low-THC,_high-CBD_laws "Medical cannabis in the United States") medical cannabis law.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) These laws allow low-THC cannabis oil to be used for treatment of certain medical conditions (mostly seizure disorders) with a doctor's recommendation.
- 2014: Maryland legislators decriminalize cannabis and approve a comprehensive medical cannabis law, expanding the very limited measure that was passed in 2003.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53)
- 2014: Missouri decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54)
- 2014: Minnesota legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55)
- 2014: New York legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56)
- 2014: Alaska and Oregon legalize recreational cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2014: By the end of the year, 10 more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Alabama, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Tennessee, Iowa, South Carolina, Florida, North Carolina, and Missouri.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CBD_states-57)
- 2015: Delaware decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58)
- 2015: Louisiana legislators pass a limited medical cannabis law.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60)
- 2015: During the year, five more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Virginia, Georgia, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CBD_states-57)
- 2016: Pennsylvania legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-61)
- 2016: Ohio legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62)
- 2016: Illinois decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63)
- 2016: California, Nevada, Maine, and Massachusetts approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis. Arkansas, Florida, and North Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2017: West Virginia legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64)
- 2017: Indiana passes a low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis law.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65)
- 2017: New Hampshire decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66)
- 2018: Vermont becomes the first state to legalize recreational cannabis through state legislature. Unlike all other states that had legalized recreational cannabis, however, no provision was made for commercial sale.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67)
- 2018: Indiana legalizes CBD for any use.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68)
- 2018: Kansas legalizes CBD for any use.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69)
- 2018: Oklahoma legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70)
- 2018: Michigan approves a ballot measure to legalize recreational cannabis.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) Missouri and Utah approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2019: New Mexico decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72)
- 2019: North Dakota decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73)
- 2019: Illinois legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature, including its commercial sale. It became the first state to legalize the commercial sale of recreational cannabis through an act of state legislature.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74)
- 2019: Hawaii decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75)
- 2020: Virginia decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76)
- 2020: Vermont legalizes commercial recreational cannabis sales through state legislature.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77)
- 2020: Arizona, Montana, New Jersey, and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis, with South Dakota becoming the first state to legalize recreational use without first legalizing medical use.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) Mississippi and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79)
- 2021: [South Dakota initiative to legalize recreational use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_South_Dakota_Amendment_A "2020 South Dakota Amendment A") is ruled state-unconstitutional by a [circuit court judge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota_Circuit_Courts "South Dakota Circuit Courts").[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80)
- 2021: New York legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81)
- 2021: Virginia legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82)
- 2021: New Mexico legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83)
- 2021: Mississippi initiative to legalize medical cannabis is overturned by the [Supreme Court of Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi "Supreme Court of Mississippi") due to issue with state's [ballot initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States "Initiatives and referendums in the United States") process.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84)
- 2021: Alabama legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85)
- 2021: Louisiana decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86)
- 2021: Connecticut legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87)
- 2022: Mississippi legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88)
- 2022: Rhode Island legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89)
- 2022: Maryland and Missouri voters approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90)
- 2023: Kentucky legalizes medical cannabis [through state legislature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Senate_Bill_47 "Kentucky Senate Bill 47").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91)
- 2023: Delaware legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92)
- 2023: Minnesota legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93)
- 2023: Ohio legalizes recreational cannabis through [Issue 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ohio_Issue_2 "2023 Ohio Issue 2").[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94)
- 2025: Texas legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95)
- 2025: Nebraska legalizes medical cannabis through [Initiative 437](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nebraska_Initiative_437 "2025 Nebraska Initiative 437") after legal issues were resolved.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96)
## Municipal
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Municipal")\]
- 1906: [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") requires a prescription for cannabis drugs.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Delinquency1977-97)
- 1915: [El Paso, Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas "El Paso, Texas") restricts cannabis.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98)
- 1972: [Ann Arbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan "Ann Arbor, Michigan") City Council decriminalized cannabis, reducing the penalty to a \$5 fine.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) The law was overturned by a Republican-led council a year later,[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) but reinstated through voter referendum in 1974.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101)
- 1977: [Madison, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin "Madison, Wisconsin") decriminalized cannabis through ballot initiative.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-102)
- 1978: [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") residents approved Proposition W, a non-binding measure directing city law enforcement to "cease the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in the cultivation, transfer, or possession of marijuana".[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) Mayor [George Moscone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Moscone "George Moscone") was assassinated shortly afterwards, however,[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) and the initiative was disregarded by new mayor [Dianne Feinstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein "Dianne Feinstein").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Heddleston-105)
- 1991: San Francisco residents approved the non-binding Proposition P in support of the medical use of cannabis.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) The city Board of Supervisors followed with Resolution 141–92 in 1992, which allowed for the distribution of medical cannabis throughout the city.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-107)
- 1998: Washington, D.C. residents approved [Initiative 59](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative_59 "Initiative 59") to legalize medical cannabis, but the Barr amendment blocked implementation until 2009, with the first legal sales finally occurring in 2013.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108)
- 2003: [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") residents voted to make enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)
- 2004: [Oakland, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California "Oakland, California") residents approved Measure Z, making private adult cannabis offenses the lowest possible priority for law enforcement, establishing a system to regulate, tax, and sell cannabis pending state legalization, and urging legalization on the state and national levels.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)
- 2005: [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111)
- 2006: San Francisco made enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority. The change was approved through a Board of Supervisors vote.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112)
- 2009: [Breckenridge, Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breckenridge,_Colorado "Breckenridge, Colorado") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113)
- 2012: [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114)
- 2012: [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit "Detroit"), [Grand Rapids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan "Grand Rapids, Michigan"), and [Flint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint,_Michigan "Flint, Michigan") residents voted to decriminalize cannabis.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-115)
- 2013: [Portland, Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine "Portland, Maine") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116)
- 2014: [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117)
- 2014: After a city council vote decriminalized cannabis in March,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118) Washington D.C. residents voted to approve [Initiative 71](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Washington,_D.C._Initiative_71 "2014 Washington, D.C. Initiative 71") in November to legalize recreational use of cannabis and personal cultivation.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119) A congressional rider passed afterwards prevented D.C. City Council from legalizing commercial sales.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-120)
- 2014: [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by city officials.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-121)
- 2015: [Wichita, Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas "Wichita, Kansas") decriminalized cannabis through voter referendum.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-122)
- 2015: [Miami-Dade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida "Miami-Dade County, Florida") commissioners voted to decriminalize cannabis.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-123)
- 2015: [Toledo, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio "Toledo, Ohio") residents voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ibtimes1-124)
- 2015: [Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh "Pittsburgh") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-125)
- 2016: [Tampa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida "Tampa, Florida") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-126)
- 2016: [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-127)
- 2016: [Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)
- 2016: [Nashville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee "Nashville, Tennessee") decriminalized cannabis through a Metro Council vote.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129)
- 2016: [Memphis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee "Memphis, Tennessee") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-130)
- 2016: Residents in the Ohio cities of [Bellaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellaire,_Ohio "Bellaire, Ohio"), [Logan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan,_Ohio "Logan, Ohio"), [Newark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_Ohio "Newark, Ohio"), and [Roseville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseville,_Ohio "Roseville, Ohio") voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ibtimes1-124)
- 2017: [Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston "Houston") decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by the city's district attorney.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-131)
- 2017: [Kansas City, Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri "Kansas City, Missouri") residents voted to decriminalize cannabis, eliminating jail time for possession of 35 grams (1ÂĽ oz) or less and reducing the penalty to a \$25 fine.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-132)
- 2017: [Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") decriminalized possession of one ounce or less of cannabis via unanimous city council vote.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-133)
- 2018: [Albuquerque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico "Albuquerque, New Mexico") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-134)
## Territory
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Territory")\]
- 2014: [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam") legalized medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-135)
- 2014: The [United States Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands "United States Virgin Islands") decriminalized cannabis.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-136)
- 2015: [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico "Puerto Rico") legalized medical cannabis by executive order.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-137)
- 2018: The [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands "Northern Mariana Islands") legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-138)
- 2019: The United States Virgin Islands legalized medical cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-139)
- 2019: Guam legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-140)
- 2023: The United States Virgin Islands legalized recreational cannabis through territorial legislature.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-141)
## Native American reservations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Native American reservations")\]
- 2014: The [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") announced a policy to allow recognized Native American tribes to legalize cannabis on their reservations, including in states where cannabis remains illegal.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)
- 2015: The [Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandreau_Santee_Sioux_Tribe "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe") (South Dakota) voted to legalize recreational cannabis on its reservation.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Tribe_Bets-143)
- 2015: The [Squaxin Island Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin_Island_Tribe "Squaxin Island Tribe") in the [Puget Sound area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_area "Puget Sound area") legalized and opened the United States' first tribal retail cannabis sales shop on their trust lands.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-KUOW-144) [Suquamish Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suquamish_Tribe "Suquamish Tribe") followed later in the same year.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145)
- 2015: The [Pinoleville Pomo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinoleville_Pomo_Nation "Pinoleville Pomo Nation") in California announced a plan to grow cannabis and sell it to California medical dispensaries.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147)
- 2016: The [Puyallup Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puyallup_Tribe "Puyallup Tribe") made legal arrangements with the State of Washington to grow its own medical cannabis.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148)
- 2021: The [Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians "Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians") in North Carolina legalized the possession of up to one ounce of cannabis, through a tribal council vote.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-149)
- 2023: The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians [approved a voter referendum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians_Marijuana_Legalization_Measure "2023 Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Marijuana Legalization Measure") directing the tribal council to legalize recreational sales.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-150)
## Opinion
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Opinion")\]
### Presidential
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Presidential")\]
- 1972: President [Richard Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon "Presidency of Richard Nixon") opposes the policy of cannabis decriminalization. He states: "I do not believe that you can have effective criminal justice based on a philosophy that something is half legal and half illegal ... despite what the \[[Shafer Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafer_Commission "Shafer Commission")\] has recommended."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-151)
- 1977: President [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter") endorses legislation to federally decriminalize cannabis, declaring that "Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself."[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153)
- 1980: Presidential candidate [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan "Presidency of Ronald Reagan") warns that "Leading medical researchers are coming to the conclusion that marijuana ... is probably the most dangerous drug in the United States."[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)
- 1996: Former Presidents [Gerald Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford "Presidency of Gerald Ford"), [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter"), and [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush "Presidency of George H. W. Bush") urge the defeat of medical cannabis initiatives in California and Arizona, asserting in an open letter that the measures pose "enormous threats" to the public health of all Americans.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-155)
- 2000: President [Bill Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton "Presidency of Bill Clinton"), in an interview with *[Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone "Rolling Stone")* shortly before leaving office, states his support for decriminalizing cannabis.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156)[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157)
- 2015: President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Presidency of Barack Obama") declares his support for cannabis decriminalization but opposition to legalization.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)
- 2022: President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), in ordering a review of the [scheduling status of cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act "Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act"), states: "We classify marijuana at the same level as [heroin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin "Heroin") – and more serious than [fentanyl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl "Fentanyl"). It makes no sense."[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160)
### Public
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Public")\]
- 1969: [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup_\(company\) "Gallup (company)") conducted its first poll on legalizing cannabis, finding 12% in favor.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-gallup-161)
- 1973: [General Social Survey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Social_Survey "General Social Survey")'s first poll on legalizing cannabis showed 19% in favor.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-162)
- 1977: Gallup reported 28% support for the legalization of cannabis, a number that would not be surpassed until 2000.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-gallup-161)
- 2011: Gallup reported 50% support for legalizing cannabis.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163)
- 2013: [Pew Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center") reported 52% [\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164) and Gallup 58%[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165) in support of legalizing cannabis. In both polls, a majority of respondents supported legalization for the first time.
- 2017: Gallup's annual poll showed 64% support for the legalization of cannabis, including a majority of [Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States "Republican Party of the United States") for the first time.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166)
- 2018: Reflecting the increased growth of support for marijuana legalization, Gallup's annual poll showed that 66% of Americans supported legalization, including 75% of [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_United_States "Democratic Party of the United States"), 71% of [Independents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_\(voter\) "Independent (voter)"), 59% of people over 55, and at least 65% support in the [East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_United_States "Eastern United States"), [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States "Southern United States"), [Midwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_United_States "Midwestern United States"), and [West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_United_States "Western United States").[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg)[Cannabis portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cannabis "Portal:Cannabis")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg)[Law portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Law "Portal:Law")
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States "Portal:United States")
- [Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States")
- [Legality of cannabis in the United States, by jurisdiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction "Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction")
- [Medical cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Medical cannabis in the United States")
- [Timeline of cannabis law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law "Timeline of cannabis law")
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: References")\]
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-galluppolls_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-galluppolls_1-1)
Saad, Lydia (November 8, 2023). ["Grassroots Support for Legalizing Marijuana Hits Record 70%"](https://news.gallup.com/poll/514007/grassroots-support-legalizing-marijuana-hits-record.aspx). *Gallup.com*. [Gallup, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc.")
Data link is at bottom of graph.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Pacula_2-0)**
Pacula, Rosalie Piccardo (February 2002). ["State Medical Marijuana Laws: Understanding the Laws and Their Limitations"](https://impacteen.uic.edu/generalarea_PDFs/medicalmarijuanapaper100301.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of Public Health Policy*. **23** (4): 413–439\. [CiteSeerX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_\(identifier\) "CiteSeerX (identifier)") [10\.1.1.202.2274](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.202.2274). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2307/3343240](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3343240). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [3343240](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3343240). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [12532682](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12532682). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [13389317](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13389317). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180206045926/http://impacteen.uic.edu/generalarea_PDFs/medicalmarijuanapaper100301.pdf) (PDF) from the original on February 6, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-3)**
White, Hunter J. (June 13, 2018). ["Cannabis Was Legal Federally From 1969 To 1970 Because Of This Court Case"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190306164617/https://www.civilized.life/articles/anniversary-of-leary-v-united-states-federal-marijuana-prohibition-repealed/). *Civilized*. Archived from [the original](https://www.civilized.life/articles/anniversary-of-leary-v-united-states-federal-marijuana-prohibition-repealed/) on March 6, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
4. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:0_4-1)
Eddy, Mark (April 2, 2010), [*Medical Marijuana: Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies*](https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/medicalmarjiuanastatepolicies040210.pdf) (PDF), Congressional Research Service, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210722215033/https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/medicalmarjiuanastatepolicies040210.pdf) (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2021, retrieved December 17, 2020
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)**
["Domestic Cannabis Suppression / Eradication Program"](https://www.dea.gov/operations/eradication-program).
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6)**
["States Are Pressed to Suspend Driver Licenses of Drug Users"](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/16/us/states-are-pressed-to-suspend-driver-licenses-of-drug-users.html). *The New York Times*. Associated Press. November 16, 1990. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180704093811/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/16/us/states-are-pressed-to-suspend-driver-licenses-of-drug-users.html) from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-7)**
[*"Possess a Joint, Lose Your License": July 1995 Status Report*](https://web.archive.org/web/20071008235035/http://www.mpp.org/site/c.glKZLeMQIsG/b.1087547/k.33C1/Possess_a_Joint_Lose_Your_License.htm), Marijuana Policy Project, archived from [the original](http://www.mpp.org/site/c.glKZLeMQIsG/b.1087547/k.33C1/Possess_a_Joint_Lose_Your_License.htm) on October 8, 2007
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-8)**
Aiken, Joshua (December 12, 2016), ["Reinstating Common Sense: How driver's license suspensions for drug offenses unrelated to driving are falling out of favor"](https://www.prisonpolicy.org/driving/national.html), *Prison Policy Initiative*, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180428101947/https://www.prisonpolicy.org/driving/national.html) from the original on April 28, 2018, retrieved February 1, 2018
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-9)**
Reilly, Ryan (May 30, 2014). ["House Blocks DEA From Targeting Medical Marijuana"](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/30/dea-medical-marijuana-house-vote_n_5414679.html). *Huffington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140705040127/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/30/dea-medical-marijuana-house-vote_n_5414679.html) from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
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`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: External links")\]
- [Historical Timeline of Marijuana as Medicine (ProCon.org)](https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000026)
- [Milestones in U.S. Marijuana Laws (*New York Times*)](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/27/us/marijuana-legalization-timeline.html)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cannabis_in_the_United_States "Template:Cannabis in the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cannabis_in_the_United_States "Template talk:Cannabis in the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis_in_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:Cannabis in the United States")[Cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States "Cannabis in the United States") | |
|---|---|
| [Federal law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legal history of cannabis in the United States") | |
| | |
| Laws and bills | [Marihuana Tax Act of 1937](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937 "Marihuana Tax Act of 1937") [Controlled Substances Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act "Controlled Substances Act") (1970) [Solomon–Lautenberg amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%E2%80%93Lautenberg_amendment "Solomon–Lautenberg amendment") (1990) [Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ending_Federal_Marijuana_Prohibition_Act "Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act") (2011) [Cole Memorandum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Memorandum "Cole Memorandum") (2013) [Rohrabacher–Farr amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrabacher%E2%80%93Farr_amendment "Rohrabacher–Farr amendment") (2014) [STATES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STATES_Act "STATES Act") (2018) [Marijuana Justice Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_Justice_Act "Marijuana Justice Act") (2019) [Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_Freedom_and_Opportunity_Act "Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act") (2019) [SAFE Banking Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAFE_Banking_Act "SAFE Banking Act") (2019) [MORE Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_Opportunity_Reinvestment_and_Expungement_Act "Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement Act") (2019) [Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_Administration_and_Opportunity_Act "Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act") (2022) [Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act "Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act") (2022) |
| Court cases | *[Leary v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leary_v._United_States "Leary v. United States")* (1969) *[Ravin v. State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravin_v._State "Ravin v. State")* (1975) *[Conant v. Walters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conant_v._Walters "Conant v. Walters")* (2000) *[United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Oakland_Cannabis_Buyers%27_Cooperative "United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative")* (2001) *[Gonzales v. Raich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich "Gonzales v. Raich")* (2005) *[Moncrieffe v. Holder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moncrieffe_v._Holder "Moncrieffe v. Holder")* (2013) *[Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access_v._Drug_Enforcement_Administration "Americans for Safe Access v. Drug Enforcement Administration")* (2013) |
| [Legality by jurisdiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction "Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction") | |
| | |
| [Recreational use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States") | [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alaska "Cannabis in Alaska") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arizona "Cannabis in Arizona") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_California "Cannabis in California") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Colorado "Cannabis in Colorado") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Connecticut "Cannabis in Connecticut") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Delaware "Cannabis in Delaware") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Illinois "Cannabis in Illinois") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maine "Cannabis in Maine") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Maryland "Cannabis in Maryland") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Massachusetts "Cannabis in Massachusetts") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan "Cannabis in Michigan") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Minnesota "Cannabis in Minnesota") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Missouri "Cannabis in Missouri") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Montana "Cannabis in Montana") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nevada "Cannabis in Nevada") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Jersey "Cannabis in New Jersey") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Mexico "Cannabis in New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_York "Cannabis in New York") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Ohio "Cannabis in Ohio") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oregon "Cannabis in Oregon") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Rhode_Island "Cannabis in Rhode Island") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont "Cannabis in Vermont") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Virginia "Cannabis in Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington_\(state\) "Cannabis in Washington (state)") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Guam "Cannabis in Guam") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands "Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands") [U.S. Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands "Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Washington,_D.C. "Cannabis in Washington, D.C.") |
| [Medical use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Medical cannabis in the United States") | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Alabama "Cannabis in Alabama") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Arkansas "Cannabis in Arkansas") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Florida "Cannabis in Florida") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Hawaii "Cannabis in Hawaii") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Kentucky "Cannabis in Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Louisiana "Cannabis in Louisiana") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Mississippi "Cannabis in Mississippi") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Nebraska "Cannabis in Nebraska") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Hampshire "Cannabis in New Hampshire") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Dakota "Cannabis in North Dakota") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Oklahoma "Cannabis in Oklahoma") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Pennsylvania "Cannabis in Pennsylvania") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Dakota "Cannabis in South Dakota") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Utah "Cannabis in Utah") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_West_Virginia "Cannabis in West Virginia") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Puerto_Rico "Cannabis in Puerto Rico") |
| [Decriminalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States") | [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Hawaii "Cannabis in Hawaii") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Louisiana "Cannabis in Louisiana") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Mississippi "Cannabis in Mississippi") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_New_Hampshire "Cannabis in New Hampshire") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Carolina "Cannabis in North Carolina") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_North_Dakota "Cannabis in North Dakota") |
| Illegal | [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Georgia_\(U.S._state\) "Cannabis in Georgia (U.S. state)") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Idaho "Cannabis in Idaho") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Indiana "Cannabis in Indiana") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Iowa "Cannabis in Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Kansas "Cannabis in Kansas") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_South_Carolina "Cannabis in South Carolina") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Tennessee "Cannabis in Tennessee") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Texas "Cannabis in Texas") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Wisconsin "Cannabis in Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_Wyoming "Cannabis in Wyoming") [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_in_American_Samoa "Cannabis in American Samoa") |
| Regulation | [List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_cannabis_regulatory_agencies "List of United States cannabis regulatory agencies") [Cannabis product testing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_product_testing "Cannabis product testing") [Rescheduling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act "Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act") |
| Related | [Timeline]() [Congressional Cannabis Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Cannabis_Caucus "Congressional Cannabis Caucus") [Politicians who have admitted use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use "List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use") [Cannabis on American Indian reservations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_on_American_Indian_reservations "Cannabis on American Indian reservations") [Cannabis and the U.S. military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_and_the_United_States_military "Cannabis and the United States military") [Marijuana Policy Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project "Marijuana Policy Project") [NORML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws "National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws") [Harry J. Anslinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_J._Anslinger "Harry J. Anslinger") [Dispensaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_dispensaries_in_the_United_States "Cannabis dispensaries in the United States") |
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Timeline of cannabis laws in the United States
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| Readable Markdown | From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_US_state_cannabis_laws.svg)
**Legality of cannabis in the United States**
***
Legal for recreational use
Legal for medical use
No comprehensive medical program
â—Ź Decriminalized
***
Notes:
**·** Reflects laws of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
**·** Map does not show state legality of [hemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp "Hemp")\-derived [cannabinoids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoids "Cannabinoids") such as [CBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol "Cannabidiol") or [delta-8-THC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol "Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol"), which [have been legal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemp_loophole "Hemp loophole") at federal level since enactment of the [2018 Farm Bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_farm_bill "2018 United States farm bill").
- [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Template:Legality of cannabis by US state")
- [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Template talk:Legality of cannabis by US state")
- [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legality_of_cannabis_by_US_state "Special:EditPage/Template:Legality of cannabis by US state")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timeline_of_Gallup_polls_in_US_on_legalizing_marijuana.png)
Timeline of [Gallup polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc "Gallup, Inc") in US on legalizing marijuana. See data table below.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-galluppolls-1)
| Date | % Yes, legal |
|---|---|
| 10/2/2023 | 70 |
| 10/3/2022 | 68 |
| 10/1/2021 | 68 |
| 10/1/2020 | 68 |
| 10/1/2019 | 66 |
| 5/15/2019 | 64 |
| 10/1/2018 | 66 |
| 10/5/2017 | 64 |
| 10/5/2016 | 60 |
| 10/7/2015 | 58 |
| 10/12/2014 | 51 |
| 10/3/2013 | 58 |
| 11/26/2012 | 48 |
| 10/6/2011 | 50 |
| 10/7/2010 | 46 |
| 10/1/2009 | 44 |
| 10/13/2005 | 36 |
| 11/10/2003 | 34 |
| 8/3/2001 | 34 |
| 8/29/2000 | 31 |
| 8/28/1995 | 25 |
| 5/17/1985 | 23 |
| 6/27/1980 | 25 |
| 5/18/1979 | 25 |
| 4/1/1977 | 28 |
| 1/26/1973 | 16 |
| 5/3/1972 | 15 |
| 10/2/1969 | 12 |
The [legal history of cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legal history of cannabis in the United States") began with state-level prohibition in the early 20th century, with the first major federal limitations occurring in 1937. Starting with [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") in 1973, individual states began to [liberalize cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_liberalization "Drug liberalization") laws through [decriminalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization "Decriminalization"). In 1996, [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California "California") became the first state to legalize [medical cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Medical cannabis in the United States"), sparking a trend that spread to a majority of states by 2016. In 2012, [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_\(state\) "Washington (state)") and [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") became the first states to legalize [cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_\(drug\) "Cannabis (drug)") for [recreational use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States").
- 1937: The [Marihuana Tax Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937 "Marihuana Tax Act of 1937") is enacted, effectively prohibiting cannabis at the federal level. Although medical use is still permitted, new fees and regulatory requirements significantly curtail its use.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Pacula-2)
- 1969: The Marihuana Tax Act is struck down in the case *[Leary v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leary_v._United_States "Leary v. United States")*. The Supreme Court rules that the act violates the [Fifth Amendment's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution") protection against self-incrimination.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-3)
- 1970: The [Controlled Substances Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act "Controlled Substances Act") is enacted. Cannabis is classified as a [Schedule I drug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_I_drug "Schedule I drug"), determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, thereby prohibiting its use for any purpose.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-4)
- 1979: [DEA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration "Drug Enforcement Administration") creates [Domestic Cannabis Eradication / Suppression Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_Cannabis_Eradication/Suppression_Program "Domestic Cannabis Eradication/Suppression Program") to destroy marijuana plants by [incineration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incineration "Incineration").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-5)
- 1985: [Marinol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dronabinol "Dronabinol") is [prescribed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_prescription "Medical prescription") for the first time
- 1990: The [Solomon–Lautenberg amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%E2%80%93Lautenberg_amendment "Solomon–Lautenberg amendment") is enacted.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-6) As a result, many states pass "Smoke a joint, lose your license" laws under which any drug offense is punished with a mandatory six month driver's license suspension.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-8)
- 2014: The [Rohrabacher–Farr amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrabacher%E2%80%93Farr_amendment "Rohrabacher–Farr amendment") passes the U.S. House and is signed into law. Requiring annual renewal, it prohibits the [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") from interfering with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-10) The [Cole Memorandum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cole_Memorandum "Cole Memorandum") had in 2013 assigned similar policies from within the Justice Department.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-12)
- 2016: The [ATF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives") adds marijuana to [Form 4473](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_4473 "Form 4473")
- 2018: The [2018 farm bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_United_States_farm_bill "2018 United States farm bill") legalizes low-THC (less than 0.3% THC) hemp and hemp-derived products such as [cannabidiol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol "Cannabidiol") (CBD) at the federal level. The bill also fully removed or ["descheduled"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act "Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act") low-THC cannabis products from the [Controlled Substances Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Act "Controlled Substances Act"), where they had been listed as Schedule I drugs since the CSA's inception in 1970.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-:0-4)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-13)
- 2022: The [Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Marijuana_and_Cannabidiol_Research_Expansion_Act "Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act") is signed into law to allow cannabis to be more easily researched for medical purposes. It is the first standalone cannabis reform bill enacted at the federal level.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-14)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-15)
### Prohibition begins – 1911
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Prohibition begins – 1911")\]
- 1911: Massachusetts requires a prescription for sales of [Indian hemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_hemp "Indian hemp").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1913: California, Maine, Wyoming, and Indiana ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1915: Utah and Vermont ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1917: Colorado legislators make the use and cultivation of cannabis a misdemeanor.
- 1923: Iowa, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont ban marijuana.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16)
- 1927: New York,[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Boslaugh2015-16) Idaho, Kansas, Montana, and Nebraska ban marijuana.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Davenport-Hines2012-17)
- 1931: Illinois bans marijuana.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-18)
- 1931: Texas declares cannabis a [narcotic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotic "Narcotic"), allowing up to life sentences for possession.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ngccpra-19)
- 1933: North Dakota and Oklahoma ban marijuana.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Davenport-Hines2012-17) By this year, 29 states have criminalized cannabis.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-LabateCavnar2014-20)
### Decriminalization begins – 1973
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Decriminalization begins – 1973")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_annual_marijuana_arrests_chart_-_NORML.png)
US annual marijuana arrests. [NORML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NORML "NORML").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-21)
- 1973: Texas law is amended to declare possession of four ounces or less a misdemeanor.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ngccpra-19)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-22)
- 1973: Oregon becomes the first state to decriminalize cannabis – reducing the penalty for up to one ounce to a \$100 fine.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1975: Alaska, Maine, Colorado, California, and Ohio decriminalize cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1975: Alaska's Supreme Court establishes that the right to privacy includes possession of small amounts of marijuana.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-alaska_law-24)
- 1976: Minnesota decriminalizes cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23)
- 1977: Mississippi, New York, and North Carolina decriminalize cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23) South Dakota also decriminalizes cannabis, but the law is repealed almost immediately afterwards.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Bewley-Taylor2012-25)
- 1978: Nebraska decriminalizes cannabis.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Anderson-23) No other state would decriminalize until 2001.
- 1978: New Mexico passes the [Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_Substances_Therapeutic_Research_Act "Controlled Substances Therapeutic Research Act"), becoming the first state to enact legislation recognizing the medical value of marijuana.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-GrinspoonBakalar1997-26)
- 1979: Virginia passes legislation allowing doctors to recommend cannabis for [glaucoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma "Glaucoma") or the side effects of [chemotherapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy "Chemotherapy").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-InciardiHarrison1999-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-28)
- 1982: Alaska passes legislation to further decrease penalties for cannabis.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Lippman2013-29)
- 1990: Alaska recriminalizes cannabis by voter initiative, restoring criminal penalties for possession of any amount of cannabis.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Lyman2013-30)
### Medical cannabis begins – 1996
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Medical cannabis begins – 1996")\]
- 1996: California becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis with the approval of [Proposition 215](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposition_215 "Proposition 215").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-31) Arizona also passes a medical cannabis ballot measure, but it is rendered ineffective on a technicality.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-32)
- 1998: Oregon, Alaska, and Washington all legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33) Nevada also passes a medical cannabis initiative, but it requires second approval in 2000 to become law, as per the [state constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Constitution "Nevada Constitution").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-34)
- 1999: Maine legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33)
- 2000: Hawaii becomes the first state to legalize medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-35)
- 2000: Nevada and Colorado legalize medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-norml-co-33)
- 2001: Nevada decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-36)
- 2003: Maryland passes legislation establishing reduced penalties for persons using cannabis due to a [medical necessity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_necessity "Medical necessity") (as established at trial).[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-37)
- 2004: Vermont legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-38)
- 2004: Montana legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2006: Rhode Island legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-39)
- 2007: New Mexico legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-40)
- 2008: Michigan approves a ballot initiative to legalize medical cannabis. Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to decriminalize cannabis.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-41)
- 2010: New Jersey legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-42)
- 2010: Arizona legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2010: California legislators reduce penalties for cannabis to a civil infraction.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-43)
- 2011: Delaware legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-44)
- 2011: Connecticut decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-45)
- 2012: Connecticut legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-46)
- 2012: Rhode Island decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-47)
### Recreational legalization begins – 2012
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Recreational legalization begins – 2012")\]
- 2012: Colorado and Washington become the first two states to legalize the recreational use of cannabis following the passage of [Amendment 64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Amendment_64 "Colorado Amendment 64") and [Initiative 502](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Initiative_502 "Washington Initiative 502").[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-48) Massachusetts approves a ballot measure to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2013: Vermont decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-49)
- 2013: New Hampshire legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-50)
- 2013: Illinois legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-51)
- 2014: Utah becomes the first state to pass a [low-THC, high-CBD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States#Low-THC,_high-CBD_laws "Medical cannabis in the United States") medical cannabis law.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-52) These laws allow low-THC cannabis oil to be used for treatment of certain medical conditions (mostly seizure disorders) with a doctor's recommendation.
- 2014: Maryland legislators decriminalize cannabis and approve a comprehensive medical cannabis law, expanding the very limited measure that was passed in 2003.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-53)
- 2014: Missouri decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-54)
- 2014: Minnesota legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-55)
- 2014: New York legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-56)
- 2014: Alaska and Oregon legalize recreational cannabis through ballot measure.
- 2014: By the end of the year, 10 more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Alabama, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Tennessee, Iowa, South Carolina, Florida, North Carolina, and Missouri.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CBD_states-57)
- 2015: Delaware decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-58)
- 2015: Louisiana legislators pass a limited medical cannabis law.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-60)
- 2015: During the year, five more states pass low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis laws: Virginia, Georgia, Oklahoma, Texas, and Wyoming.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-CBD_states-57)
- 2016: Pennsylvania legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-61)
- 2016: Ohio legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-62)
- 2016: Illinois decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-63)
- 2016: California, Nevada, Maine, and Massachusetts approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis. Arkansas, Florida, and North Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2017: West Virginia legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-64)
- 2017: Indiana passes a low-THC, high-CBD medical cannabis law.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-65)
- 2017: New Hampshire decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-66)
- 2018: Vermont becomes the first state to legalize recreational cannabis through state legislature. Unlike all other states that had legalized recreational cannabis, however, no provision was made for commercial sale.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-67)
- 2018: Indiana legalizes CBD for any use.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-68)
- 2018: Kansas legalizes CBD for any use.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-69)
- 2018: Oklahoma legalizes medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-70)
- 2018: Michigan approves a ballot measure to legalize recreational cannabis.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-71) Missouri and Utah approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.
- 2019: New Mexico decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-72)
- 2019: North Dakota decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-73)
- 2019: Illinois legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature, including its commercial sale. It became the first state to legalize the commercial sale of recreational cannabis through an act of state legislature.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-74)
- 2019: Hawaii decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-75)
- 2020: Virginia decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-76)
- 2020: Vermont legalizes commercial recreational cannabis sales through state legislature.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-77)
- 2020: Arizona, Montana, New Jersey, and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis, with South Dakota becoming the first state to legalize recreational use without first legalizing medical use.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-78) Mississippi and South Dakota approve ballot measures to legalize medical cannabis.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-79)
- 2021: [South Dakota initiative to legalize recreational use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_South_Dakota_Amendment_A "2020 South Dakota Amendment A") is ruled state-unconstitutional by a [circuit court judge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota_Circuit_Courts "South Dakota Circuit Courts").[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-80)
- 2021: New York legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-81)
- 2021: Virginia legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-82)
- 2021: New Mexico legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-83)
- 2021: Mississippi initiative to legalize medical cannabis is overturned by the [Supreme Court of Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Mississippi "Supreme Court of Mississippi") due to issue with state's [ballot initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiatives_and_referendums_in_the_United_States "Initiatives and referendums in the United States") process.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-84)
- 2021: Alabama legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-85)
- 2021: Louisiana decriminalizes cannabis through state legislature.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-86)
- 2021: Connecticut legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-87)
- 2022: Mississippi legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-88)
- 2022: Rhode Island legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-89)
- 2022: Maryland and Missouri voters approve ballot measures to legalize recreational cannabis.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-90)
- 2023: Kentucky legalizes medical cannabis [through state legislature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky_Senate_Bill_47 "Kentucky Senate Bill 47").[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-91)
- 2023: Delaware legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-92)
- 2023: Minnesota legalizes recreational cannabis through state legislature.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-93)
- 2023: Ohio legalizes recreational cannabis through [Issue 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ohio_Issue_2 "2023 Ohio Issue 2").[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-94)
- 2025: Texas legalizes medical cannabis through state legislature.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-95)
- 2025: Nebraska legalizes medical cannabis through [Initiative 437](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nebraska_Initiative_437 "2025 Nebraska Initiative 437") after legal issues were resolved.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-96)
- 1906: [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") requires a prescription for cannabis drugs.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Delinquency1977-97)
- 1915: [El Paso, Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas "El Paso, Texas") restricts cannabis.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-98)
- 1972: [Ann Arbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan "Ann Arbor, Michigan") City Council decriminalized cannabis, reducing the penalty to a \$5 fine.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-99) The law was overturned by a Republican-led council a year later,[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-100) but reinstated through voter referendum in 1974.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-101)
- 1977: [Madison, Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin "Madison, Wisconsin") decriminalized cannabis through ballot initiative.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-102)
- 1978: [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") residents approved Proposition W, a non-binding measure directing city law enforcement to "cease the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in the cultivation, transfer, or possession of marijuana".[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-103) Mayor [George Moscone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Moscone "George Moscone") was assassinated shortly afterwards, however,[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-104) and the initiative was disregarded by new mayor [Dianne Feinstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dianne_Feinstein "Dianne Feinstein").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Heddleston-105)
- 1991: San Francisco residents approved the non-binding Proposition P in support of the medical use of cannabis.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-106) The city Board of Supervisors followed with Resolution 141–92 in 1992, which allowed for the distribution of medical cannabis throughout the city.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-107)
- 1998: Washington, D.C. residents approved [Initiative 59](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiative_59 "Initiative 59") to legalize medical cannabis, but the Barr amendment blocked implementation until 2009, with the first legal sales finally occurring in 2013.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-108)
- 2003: [Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle "Seattle") residents voted to make enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-109)
- 2004: [Oakland, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakland,_California "Oakland, California") residents approved Measure Z, making private adult cannabis offenses the lowest possible priority for law enforcement, establishing a system to regulate, tax, and sell cannabis pending state legalization, and urging legalization on the state and national levels.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-110)
- 2005: [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-111)
- 2006: San Francisco made enforcement of cannabis laws the lowest priority. The change was approved through a Board of Supervisors vote.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-112)
- 2009: [Breckenridge, Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breckenridge,_Colorado "Breckenridge, Colorado") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-113)
- 2012: [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-114)
- 2012: [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit "Detroit"), [Grand Rapids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan "Grand Rapids, Michigan"), and [Flint](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint,_Michigan "Flint, Michigan") residents voted to decriminalize cannabis.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-115)
- 2013: [Portland, Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portland,_Maine "Portland, Maine") residents voted to legalize cannabis.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-116)
- 2014: [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-117)
- 2014: After a city council vote decriminalized cannabis in March,[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-118) Washington D.C. residents voted to approve [Initiative 71](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Washington,_D.C._Initiative_71 "2014 Washington, D.C. Initiative 71") in November to legalize recreational use of cannabis and personal cultivation.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-119) A congressional rider passed afterwards prevented D.C. City Council from legalizing commercial sales.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-120)
- 2014: [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by city officials.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-121)
- 2015: [Wichita, Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas "Wichita, Kansas") decriminalized cannabis through voter referendum.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-122)
- 2015: [Miami-Dade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida "Miami-Dade County, Florida") commissioners voted to decriminalize cannabis.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-123)
- 2015: [Toledo, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio "Toledo, Ohio") residents voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ibtimes1-124)
- 2015: [Pittsburgh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh "Pittsburgh") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-125)
- 2016: [Tampa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampa,_Florida "Tampa, Florida") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-126)
- 2016: [New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans "New Orleans") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-127)
- 2016: [Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-128)
- 2016: [Nashville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee "Nashville, Tennessee") decriminalized cannabis through a Metro Council vote.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-129)
- 2016: [Memphis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee "Memphis, Tennessee") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-130)
- 2016: Residents in the Ohio cities of [Bellaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellaire,_Ohio "Bellaire, Ohio"), [Logan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan,_Ohio "Logan, Ohio"), [Newark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark,_Ohio "Newark, Ohio"), and [Roseville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseville,_Ohio "Roseville, Ohio") voted to decriminalize possession of cannabis less than 200 grams (7 oz).[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-ibtimes1-124)
- 2017: [Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston "Houston") decriminalized cannabis through a new policy announced by the city's district attorney.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-131)
- 2017: [Kansas City, Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri "Kansas City, Missouri") residents voted to decriminalize cannabis, eliminating jail time for possession of 35 grams (1ÂĽ oz) or less and reducing the penalty to a \$25 fine.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-132)
- 2017: [Atlanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta "Atlanta") decriminalized possession of one ounce or less of cannabis via unanimous city council vote.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-133)
- 2018: [Albuquerque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico "Albuquerque, New Mexico") decriminalized cannabis through a city council vote.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-134)
- 2014: [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam") legalized medical cannabis through ballot measure.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-135)
- 2014: The [United States Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands "United States Virgin Islands") decriminalized cannabis.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-136)
- 2015: [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico "Puerto Rico") legalized medical cannabis by executive order.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-137)
- 2018: The [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands "Northern Mariana Islands") legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-138)
- 2019: The United States Virgin Islands legalized medical cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-139)
- 2019: Guam legalized recreational cannabis through an act of legislature.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-140)
- 2023: The United States Virgin Islands legalized recreational cannabis through territorial legislature.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-141)
## Native American reservations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Native American reservations")\]
- 2014: The [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") announced a policy to allow recognized Native American tribes to legalize cannabis on their reservations, including in states where cannabis remains illegal.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-142)
- 2015: The [Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flandreau_Santee_Sioux_Tribe "Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe") (South Dakota) voted to legalize recreational cannabis on its reservation.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-Tribe_Bets-143)
- 2015: The [Squaxin Island Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaxin_Island_Tribe "Squaxin Island Tribe") in the [Puget Sound area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puget_Sound_area "Puget Sound area") legalized and opened the United States' first tribal retail cannabis sales shop on their trust lands.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-KUOW-144) [Suquamish Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suquamish_Tribe "Suquamish Tribe") followed later in the same year.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-145)
- 2015: The [Pinoleville Pomo Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinoleville_Pomo_Nation "Pinoleville Pomo Nation") in California announced a plan to grow cannabis and sell it to California medical dispensaries.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-146)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-147)
- 2016: The [Puyallup Tribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puyallup_Tribe "Puyallup Tribe") made legal arrangements with the State of Washington to grow its own medical cannabis.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-148)
- 2021: The [Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians "Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians") in North Carolina legalized the possession of up to one ounce of cannabis, through a tribal council vote.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-149)
- 2023: The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians [approved a voter referendum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians_Marijuana_Legalization_Measure "2023 Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Marijuana Legalization Measure") directing the tribal council to legalize recreational sales.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-150)
- 1972: President [Richard Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon "Presidency of Richard Nixon") opposes the policy of cannabis decriminalization. He states: "I do not believe that you can have effective criminal justice based on a philosophy that something is half legal and half illegal ... despite what the \[[Shafer Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafer_Commission "Shafer Commission")\] has recommended."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-151)
- 1977: President [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter") endorses legislation to federally decriminalize cannabis, declaring that "Penalties against possession of a drug should not be more damaging to an individual than the use of the drug itself."[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-152)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-153)
- 1980: Presidential candidate [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan "Presidency of Ronald Reagan") warns that "Leading medical researchers are coming to the conclusion that marijuana ... is probably the most dangerous drug in the United States."[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-154)
- 1996: Former Presidents [Gerald Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford "Presidency of Gerald Ford"), [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter"), and [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush "Presidency of George H. W. Bush") urge the defeat of medical cannabis initiatives in California and Arizona, asserting in an open letter that the measures pose "enormous threats" to the public health of all Americans.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-155)
- 2000: President [Bill Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton "Presidency of Bill Clinton"), in an interview with *[Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone "Rolling Stone")* shortly before leaving office, states his support for decriminalizing cannabis.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-156)[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-157)
- 2015: President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Presidency of Barack Obama") declares his support for cannabis decriminalization but opposition to legalization.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-159)
- 2022: President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), in ordering a review of the [scheduling status of cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act "Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act"), states: "We classify marijuana at the same level as [heroin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin "Heroin") – and more serious than [fentanyl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl "Fentanyl"). It makes no sense."[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-160)
- 1969: [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup_\(company\) "Gallup (company)") conducted its first poll on legalizing cannabis, finding 12% in favor.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-gallup-161)
- 1973: [General Social Survey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Social_Survey "General Social Survey")'s first poll on legalizing cannabis showed 19% in favor.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-162)
- 1977: Gallup reported 28% support for the legalization of cannabis, a number that would not be surpassed until 2000.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-gallup-161)
- 2011: Gallup reported 50% support for legalizing cannabis.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-163)
- 2013: [Pew Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center") reported 52% [\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-164) and Gallup 58%[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-165) in support of legalizing cannabis. In both polls, a majority of respondents supported legalization for the first time.
- 2017: Gallup's annual poll showed 64% support for the legalization of cannabis, including a majority of [Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_United_States "Republican Party of the United States") for the first time.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-166)
- 2018: Reflecting the increased growth of support for marijuana legalization, Gallup's annual poll showed that 66% of Americans supported legalization, including 75% of [Democrats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_United_States "Democratic Party of the United States"), 71% of [Independents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_\(voter\) "Independent (voter)"), 59% of people over 55, and at least 65% support in the [East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_United_States "Eastern United States"), [South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States "Southern United States"), [Midwest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midwestern_United_States "Midwestern United States"), and [West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_United_States "Western United States").[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_note-167)
- [Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States")
- [Legality of cannabis in the United States, by jurisdiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction "Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction")
- [Medical cannabis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States "Medical cannabis in the United States")
- [Timeline of cannabis law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law "Timeline of cannabis law")
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-galluppolls_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-galluppolls_1-1)
Saad, Lydia (November 8, 2023). ["Grassroots Support for Legalizing Marijuana Hits Record 70%"](https://news.gallup.com/poll/514007/grassroots-support-legalizing-marijuana-hits-record.aspx). *Gallup.com*. [Gallup, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc.")
Data link is at bottom of graph.
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Pacula, Rosalie Piccardo (February 2002). ["State Medical Marijuana Laws: Understanding the Laws and Their Limitations"](https://impacteen.uic.edu/generalarea_PDFs/medicalmarijuanapaper100301.pdf) (PDF). *Journal of Public Health Policy*. **23** (4): 413–439\. [CiteSeerX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_\(identifier\) "CiteSeerX (identifier)") [10\.1.1.202.2274](https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.202.2274). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2307/3343240](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3343240). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_\(identifier\) "JSTOR (identifier)") [3343240](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3343240). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [12532682](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12532682). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_\(identifier\) "S2CID (identifier)") [13389317](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13389317). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180206045926/http://impacteen.uic.edu/generalarea_PDFs/medicalmarijuanapaper100301.pdf) (PDF) from the original on February 6, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
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White, Hunter J. (June 13, 2018). ["Cannabis Was Legal Federally From 1969 To 1970 Because Of This Court Case"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190306164617/https://www.civilized.life/articles/anniversary-of-leary-v-united-states-federal-marijuana-prohibition-repealed/). *Civilized*. Archived from [the original](https://www.civilized.life/articles/anniversary-of-leary-v-united-states-federal-marijuana-prohibition-repealed/) on March 6, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
4. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-:0_4-1)
Eddy, Mark (April 2, 2010), [*Medical Marijuana: Review and Analysis of Federal and State Policies*](https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/medicalmarjiuanastatepolicies040210.pdf) (PDF), Congressional Research Service, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210722215033/https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/37/medicalmarjiuanastatepolicies040210.pdf) (PDF) from the original on July 22, 2021, retrieved December 17, 2020
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-5)**
["Domestic Cannabis Suppression / Eradication Program"](https://www.dea.gov/operations/eradication-program).
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-6)**
["States Are Pressed to Suspend Driver Licenses of Drug Users"](https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/16/us/states-are-pressed-to-suspend-driver-licenses-of-drug-users.html). *The New York Times*. Associated Press. November 16, 1990. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180704093811/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/16/us/states-are-pressed-to-suspend-driver-licenses-of-drug-users.html) from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-7)**
[*"Possess a Joint, Lose Your License": July 1995 Status Report*](https://web.archive.org/web/20071008235035/http://www.mpp.org/site/c.glKZLeMQIsG/b.1087547/k.33C1/Possess_a_Joint_Lose_Your_License.htm), Marijuana Policy Project, archived from [the original](http://www.mpp.org/site/c.glKZLeMQIsG/b.1087547/k.33C1/Possess_a_Joint_Lose_Your_License.htm) on October 8, 2007
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Aiken, Joshua (December 12, 2016), ["Reinstating Common Sense: How driver's license suspensions for drug offenses unrelated to driving are falling out of favor"](https://www.prisonpolicy.org/driving/national.html), *Prison Policy Initiative*, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180428101947/https://www.prisonpolicy.org/driving/national.html) from the original on April 28, 2018, retrieved February 1, 2018
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Reilly, Ryan (May 30, 2014). ["House Blocks DEA From Targeting Medical Marijuana"](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/30/dea-medical-marijuana-house-vote_n_5414679.html). *Huffington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140705040127/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/30/dea-medical-marijuana-house-vote_n_5414679.html) from the original on July 5, 2014. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
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Sullum, Jacob (January 4, 2016). ["The Federal Ban on Medical Marijuana Was Not Lifted"](http://reason.com/archives/2016/01/04/the-federal-ban-on-medical-marijuana-was). *Reason*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161129110302/http://reason.com/archives/2016/01/04/the-federal-ban-on-medical-marijuana-was) from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-11)** [Memorandum for All United States Attorneys: Guidance Regarding Federal Marijuana Enforcement](https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211021060043/https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf) October 21, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), Office of the Deputy Attorney General (August 29, 2013).
12. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-12)** Ashley Southall & Jack Healy, [U.S. Won’t Sue to Reverse States' Legalization of Marijuana](https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/us/politics/us-says-it-wont-sue-to-undo-state-marijuana-laws.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211012200628/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/30/us/politics/us-says-it-wont-sue-to-undo-state-marijuana-laws.html) October 12, 2021, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), *New York Times* (August 29, 2013).
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-13)**
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Wadman, Meredith (December 2, 2022). ["New U.S. law promises to light up marijuana research"](https://www.science.org/content/article/new-u-s-law-promises-light-marijuana-research). *Science Magazine*. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
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Jaeger, Kyle (December 2, 2022). ["Biden Signs Marijuana Research Bill, A Historic First For Federal Cannabis Reform"](https://www.marijuanamoment.net/biden-signs-marijuana-research-bill-a-historic-first-for-federal-cannabis-reform/). *Marijuana Moment*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221202231156/https://www.marijuanamoment.net/biden-signs-marijuana-research-bill-a-historic-first-for-federal-cannabis-reform/) from the original on December 2, 2022. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
16. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Boslaugh2015_16-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Boslaugh2015_16-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Boslaugh2015_16-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Boslaugh2015_16-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-Boslaugh2015_16-4)
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19. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-ngccpra_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States#cite_ref-ngccpra_19-1)
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`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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- [Historical Timeline of Marijuana as Medicine (ProCon.org)](https://medicalmarijuana.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000026)
- [Milestones in U.S. Marijuana Laws (*New York Times*)](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/27/us/marijuana-legalization-timeline.html) |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_laws_in_the_United_States s443 |