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| Boilerpipe Text | South Park
Title card featuring the four main characters:
Stan
,
Kyle
,
Kenny
, and
Cartman
Genre
Animated sitcom
Black comedy
Comedy drama
Satire
Created by
Trey Parker
Matt Stone
Showrunners
Trey Parker
Matt Stone
Voices of
Trey Parker
Matt Stone
Mary Kay Bergman
Isaac Hayes
Eliza Schneider
Mona Marshall
April Stewart
Adrien Beard
Theme music composer
Primus
Composers
Adam Berry
Scott Nickoley
Jamie Dunlap
Country of origin
United States
Original language
English
No.
of seasons
28
No.
of episodes
338
(
list of episodes
)
Production
Executive producers
Trey Parker
Matt Stone
Brian Graden
Deborah Liebling
Frank C. Agnone II
Bruce Howell
Anne Garefino
Producers
Vernon Chatman
Eric Stough
Bruce Howell
Adrien Beard
Jack Shih
Cinematography
Kenny Gioseffi
Running time
22 minutes
[
1
]
Production companies
Comedy Partners
South Park Studios
[
a
]
Celluloid Studios
(pilot)
Original release
Network
Comedy Central
Paramount+
Release
August 13, 1997
–
present
Related
The Spirit of Christmas
South Park
is an American
animated sitcom
created by
Trey Parker
and
Matt Stone
for
Comedy Central
. The series revolves around four boys—
Stan Marsh
,
Kyle Broflovski
,
Eric Cartman
, and
Kenny McCormick
—and their adventures in and around the titular
Colorado
town.
South Park
also features many recurring characters. The series became infamous for its
profanity
and
dark
,
surreal humor
that
satirizes
a
large range of subject matter
.
Parker and Stone developed
South Park
from two animated short films, both titled
The Spirit of Christmas
, released in 1992 and 1995. The second short became one of the first
viral
Internet videos, leading to the series' production. The
pilot episode
was produced using
cutout animation
; the remainder of the series uses
computer animation
based on the cutout technique. Since the fourth season, episodes have generally been written and produced during the week preceding their broadcast, with Parker serving as the lead writer and director.
Since its debut on August 13, 1997,
338 episodes
of
South Park
have been broadcast. It debuted with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied, but it remains one of Comedy Central's longest-running programs. In August 2021,
South Park
was renewed through 2027, and a series of television specials was announced for
Paramount+
, the first two of which were released later that year.
[
2
]
[
3
]
In October 2019, it was announced that
WarnerMedia
had acquired exclusive streaming rights to
South Park
starting in June 2020 for
HBO Max
.
[
4
]
After the HBO Max deal expired in late June 2025, on July 21, 2025, Parker and Stone announced a five-year agreement with Paramount+ to stream the series exclusively and to have 10 episodes produced per year.
[
5
]
The
twenty-eighth season
premiered on October 16, 2025.
[
6
]
South Park
has received critical acclaim, and is included in various publications' lists of the
greatest television shows
. It has received numerous accolades, including five
Primetime Emmy Awards
and a
Peabody Award
. A theatrical film,
South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut
, was released in June 1999 to commercial and critical success, garnering an
Academy Award
nomination. In 2013,
TV Guide
ranked
South Park
the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time.
[
7
]
Premise
Setting and characters
South Park
centers around four boys:
Stan Marsh
,
Kyle Broflovski
,
Eric Cartman
and
Kenny McCormick
. The boys live in the
fictional small town
of South Park, located within the real-life
South Park basin
in the
Rocky Mountains
of central
Colorado
,
[
8
]
approximately a one-hour drive from
Denver
.
[
9
]
The town is also home to an
assortment of other characters
, including students, families, and elementary school staff.
[
10
]
Prominent settings include South Park Elementary, various neighborhoods and the surrounding mountain range, actual Colorado landmarks, and the businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in
Fairplay, Colorado
.
[
8
]
[
10
]
As one of the few television programs set in the
Mountain West
region that takes place outside the urban core of Denver,
South Park
frequently features the unique culture of the region, including cattle ranchers, Old West theme parks, snowy climates, mountaineering,
Mormons
, real-life Colorado locations such as
Casa Bonita
and
Cave of the Winds
, and many other regionally specific characteristics.
Stan is portrayed as an average American boy; however, he has many mishaps throughout the series. In the first 22 seasons, Stan lived in South Park, but in the episodes during and after
season 22
, Stan resided in Tegridy Farms. Kyle is
Jewish
, and his portrayal as one of the few such people in South Park is often satirized.
[
11
]
Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker and Stone's friendship,
[
12
]
is a common topic throughout the series. Cartman (as he is commonly referred to) is amoral and increasingly
psychopathic
, and is commonly portrayed as an
antagonist
. His staunch
antisemitism
has resulted in a progressive rivalry with Kyle.
[
11
]
[
13
]
Kenny, who comes from a poor family, tightly wears his
parka
hood to the point where it obscures most of his face and muffles his speech. During the first five seasons, Kenny died in almost every episode, only to reappear in the next with no clear explanation. He was killed off in the
fifth season
episode "
Kenny Dies
", before being reintroduced in the sixth season finale, "
Red Sleigh Down
". Since then, Kenny has been depicted as dying sporadically. The children were in
third grade
for the first three seasons and have been in
fourth grade
since the show's
fourth season
.
[
14
]
[
15
]
Plots are often set in motion by events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen in the town.
[
16
]
The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among the adult populace, who are customarily depicted as irrational, gullible, and prone to overreaction.
[
8
]
[
17
]
They are frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society.
[
10
]
[
18
]
Themes and style
Each episode opens with a
tongue-in-cheek
all persons fictitious disclaimer
: "All characters and events in this show—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional. All celebrity voices are impersonated.....poorly. The following program contains coarse language and due to its content it should not be viewed by anyone."
[
19
]
[
20
]
South Park
was the first weekly program to be rated
TV-MA
,
[
21
]
and is generally intended for adult audiences.
[
22
]
[
23
]
[
24
]
The boys and most other child characters use strong profanity, with only the most taboo words being
bleeped
during a typical broadcast.
[
10
]
Parker and Stone perceive this as the manner in which real-life small boys speak when they are alone.
[
25
]
[
26
]
South Park
commonly makes use of
carnivalesque
and
absurdist
techniques,
[
27
]
numerous
running gags
,
[
28
]
[
29
]
violence
,
[
29
]
[
30
]
sexual content
,
[
31
]
[
32
]
offhand pop-cultural references, and satirical portrayal of celebrities.
[
33
]
Early episodes tended to be
shock value
-oriented and featured more slapstick-style humor.
[
34
]
While social
satire
had been used on the show occasionally earlier on, it became more prevalent as the series progressed, with the show retaining some of its focus on the boys' fondness of
scatological humor
in an attempt to remind adult viewers "what it was like to be eight years old".
[
11
]
Parker and Stone also began further developing other characters by giving them larger roles in certain storylines,
[
11
]
and began writing plots as parables based on religion, politics, and numerous other topics.
[
10
]
This provided the opportunity for the show to spoof both extreme sides of contentious issues,
[
35
]
while lampooning both
liberal
and
conservative
points of view.
[
10
]
[
17
]
[
36
]
Rebecca Raphael described the show as "an equal opportunity offender",
[
16
]
while Parker and Stone describe their main purpose as to "be funny" and "make people laugh",
[
37
]
[
38
]
while stating that no particular topic or group of people be exempt from mockery and satire.
[
17
]
[
33
]
[
39
]
[
40
]
[
41
]
Parker and Stone insist that the show is still more about "kids being kids" and "what it's like to be in [elementary school] in
America
",
[
42
]
stating that the introduction of a more satirical element to the series was the result of the two adding more of a "moral center" to the show so that it would rely less on simply being crude and shocking in an attempt to maintain an audience.
[
37
]
[
38
]
While profane, Parker notes that there is still an "underlying sweetness" aspect to the child characters,
[
35
]
and
Time
described the boys as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence".
[
12
]
Usually, the boys or other characters pondered over what transpired during an episode and conveyed the important lesson taken from it with a short monologue. During earlier seasons, this speech commonly began with a variation of the phrase "You know, I've learned something today...".
[
43
]
Development
South Park
creators
Trey Parker
(left) and
Matt Stone
continue to do most of the writing, directing and voice acting on the show.
Parker and Stone met in film class at the
University of Colorado
in 1992 and discovered a shared love of
Monty Python
, which they often cite as one of their primary inspirations.
[
44
]
They created an
animated short
entitled
The Spirit of Christmas
.
[
28
]
The film was created by animating construction paper cutouts with
stop motion
, and features
prototypes
of the main characters of
South Park
, including a character resembling Cartman but named "Kenny", an unnamed character resembling what is today Kenny, and two near-identical unnamed characters who resemble Stan and Kyle.
Fox Broadcasting Company
executive and mutual friend
Brian Graden
commissioned Parker and Stone to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second
The Spirit of Christmas
short resembled the style of the later series more closely.
[
45
]
To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts, the first short is often referred to as
Jesus vs. Frosty
, and the second short as
Jesus vs. Santa
. Graden sent copies of the video to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first
viral videos
.
[
28
]
[
12
]
As
Jesus vs. Santa
became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of developing the short into a television series about four children residing in a fictional
Colorado
town in the real-life
South Park
basin. Fox eagerly agreed to meet with the duo about the show's premise, having prided itself on edgier products such as
Cops
,
The Simpsons
, and
The X-Files
. However, during the meeting at the Fox office in
Century City
, disagreements between the two creators and the network began to arise, mainly over the latter's refusal to air a show that included a supporting talking stool character named
Mr. Hankey
. Some executives at
20th Century Fox Television
(which was to produce the series) agreed with its then-sister network's stance on Mr. Hankey and repeatedly requested Parker and Stone to remove the character in order for the show to proceed. Refusing to meet their demands, the duo cut ties with Fox and its sister companies all together and began shopping the series somewhere else.
[
46
]
[
47
]
[
48
]
The two then entered negotiations with both
MTV
and
Comedy Central
. Parker preferred the show be produced by Comedy Central, fearing that MTV would turn it into a kids show.
[
49
]
When Comedy Central executive
Doug Herzog
watched the short, he commissioned for it to be developed into a series.
[
28
]
[
50
]
Parker and Stone assembled a small staff and spent three months creating the
pilot
episode "
Cartman Gets an Anal Probe
".
[
51
]
South Park
was in danger of being canceled before it even aired when the show fared poorly with test audiences, particularly with women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity over the Internet, and Comedy Central ordered a run of six episodes.
[
37
]
[
49
]
South Park
debuted with "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" on August 13, 1997.
[
52
]
Production
Except for the pilot episode, which was produced using
cutout animation
, all episodes of
South Park
are created with the use of software, primarily
Autodesk Maya
.
[
53
]
As opposed to the pilot, which took three months to complete,
[
54
]
and other animated sitcoms, which are traditionally
hand-drawn
by companies in
South Korea
in a process that takes roughly eight to nine months,
[
28
]
[
36
]
individual episodes of
South Park
take significantly less time to produce. Using computers as an animation method, the show's production staff were able to generate an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons.
[
55
]
Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are typically completed in one week,
[
28
]
[
35
]
[
36
]
with some in as little as three to four days.
[
56
]
[
57
]
[
58
]
Nearly the entire production of an episode is accomplished within one set of offices, which were originally at a complex in
Westwood, Los Angeles, California
and are now part of South Park Studios in
Culver City, California
.
[
50
]
[
54
]
Parker and Stone have been the show's executive producers throughout its entire history.
[
59
]
Debbie Liebling
, who was Senior Vice President of original programming and development for Comedy Central, also served as an executive producer during the show's first five seasons, coordinating the show's production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central's headquarters in New York City.
[
60
]
[
61
]
During its early stages, finished episodes of
South Park
were hastily recorded to
D-2
to be sent to
Comedy Central
for airing in just a few days' time.
[
62
]
Each episode used to cost $250,000.
[
63
]
Writing
The Border Patrol raid during the
Elián González
affair is referenced in "
Quintuplets 2000
", which aired within the same week the event occurred.
Scripts are not written before a season begins.
[
64
]
Production of an episode begins on a Thursday, with the show's writing consultants
brainstorming
with Parker and Stone. Former staff writers include
Pam Brady
, who has since written scripts for the films
Hot Rod
,
Hamlet 2
and
Team America: World Police
(with Parker and Stone), and
Nancy Pimental
, who served as co-host of
Win Ben Stein's Money
and wrote the film
The Sweetest Thing
after her tenure with the show during its first three seasons.
[
65
]
[
66
]
Television producer and writer
Norman Lear
, an idol of both Parker and Stone, and who also saw
South Park
as a way to bond with his son Benjamin,
[
67
]
[
68
]
served as a guest writing consultant for the
season seven
(2003) episodes "
Cancelled
" and "
I'm a Little Bit Country
".
[
64
]
[
69
]
[
70
]
During the 12th and 13th seasons,
Saturday Night Live
actor and writer
Bill Hader
served as a
creative consultant
and co-producer.
[
71
]
[
72
]
[
73
]
After exchanging ideas, Parker will write a script, and from there the entire team of animators, editors, technicians, and sound engineers will each typically work 100–120 hours in the ensuing week.
[
51
]
Since the show's
fourth season
(2000), Parker has assumed most of the show's directorial duties, while Stone relinquished his share of the directing to focus on handling the coordination and business aspects of the production.
[
28
]
[
74
]
On Wednesday, a completed episode is sent to Comedy Central's headquarters via satellite uplink, sometimes just a few hours before its air time of 10 PM
Eastern Time
.
[
28
]
[
75
]
Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in a funnier show.
[
28
]
The schedule also allows
South Park
to both stay more topical and respond more quickly to specific current events than other satiric animated shows.
[
11
]
[
76
]
One of the earliest examples of this was in the
season four
(2000) episode "
Quintuplets 2000
", which references the
United States Border Patrol
's raid of a house during the
Elián González affair
, an event which occurred only four days before the episode originally aired.
[
77
]
The
season nine
(2005) episode "
Best Friends Forever
" references the
Terri Schiavo case
,
[
26
]
[
35
]
and originally aired in the midst of the controversy and less than 12 hours before she died.
[
36
]
[
78
]
A scene in the
season seven
(2003) finale "
It's Christmas in Canada
" references the discovery of dictator
Saddam Hussein
in a "spider hole" and his subsequent
capture
, which happened a mere three days prior to the episode airing.
[
79
]
The
season 12
(2008) episode "
About Last Night...
" revolves around
Barack Obama
's victory in the
2008 presidential election
, and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, using segments of dialogue from Obama's real victory speech.
[
80
]
On October 16, 2013, the show failed to meet their production deadline for the first time ever, after a power outage on October 15 at the production studio prevented the episode, season 17's "
Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers
", from being finished in time. The episode was rescheduled to air a week later on October 23, 2013.
[
81
]
Animation
The various stages of production (from top to bottom): the storyboard sketch, the CorelDRAW props with stock character models, and a frame from the fully rendered episode, "
Super Fun Time
"
The show's style of animation is inspired by the paper cut-out cartoons made by
Terry Gilliam
for
Monty Python's Flying Circus
, of which Parker and Stone have been lifelong fans.
[
49
]
[
12
]
[
82
]
Construction paper
and traditional
stop motion
cutout animation
techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes have been produced by
computer animation
, providing a similar look to the originals while requiring a fraction of the time to produce. Before computer artists begin animating an episode, a series of
animatics
drawn in
Toon Boom
are provided by the show's storyboard artists.
[
51
]
[
83
]
The characters and objects are composed of simple geometrical shapes and
primary
and
secondary colors
. Most child characters are the same size and shape, and are distinguished by their clothing, hair and skin colors, and headwear.
[
18
]
Characters are mostly presented two-dimensionally and from only one angle. Their movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion, as they are purposely not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters.
[
11
]
[
54
]
[
84
]
Occasionally, some non-fictional characters are depicted with photographic cutouts of their actual head and face in lieu of a face reminiscent of the show's traditional style. Canadians on the show are often portrayed in an even more minimalist fashion; they have simple beady eyes, and the top halves of their heads simply flap up and down when the characters speak.
[
39
]
When the show began using computers, the cardboard cutouts were scanned and re-drawn with
CorelDRAW
, then imported into
PowerAnimator
, which was used with
SGI
workstations to animate the characters.
[
51
]
[
54
]
The workstations were linked to a 54-processor
render farm
that could render 10 to 15
shots
an hour.
[
51
]
Beginning with
season five
, the animators began using
Maya
instead of PowerAnimator.
[
85
]
As of 2012, the studio ran a 120-processor render farm that can produce 30 or more shots an hour.
[
51
]
PowerAnimator and Maya are high-end programs mainly used for
3D computer graphics
, while co-producer and former animation director
Eric Stough
notes that PowerAnimator was initially chosen because its features helped animators retain the show's "homemade" look.
[
54
]
PowerAnimator was also used for making some of the show's visual effects,
[
54
]
which are now created using
Motion
,
[
51
]
a newer graphics program created by
Apple, Inc.
for their
Mac OS X
operating system
. The show's visual quality has improved in recent seasons,
[
11
]
though several other techniques are used to intentionally preserve the cheap cutout animation look.
[
28
]
[
55
]
[
86
]
A few episodes feature sections of
live-action
footage, while others have incorporated other styles of animation. Portions of the
season eight
(2004) premiere "
Good Times with Weapons
" are done in
anime
style, while the
season 10
episode "
Make Love, Not Warcraft
" is done partly in
machinima
.
[
87
]
The
season 12
episode "
Major Boobage
", a homage to the 1981 animated film
Heavy Metal
, implements scenes accomplished with
rotoscoping
.
[
88
]
Voice cast
Parker and Stone voice most of the male
South Park
characters.
[
10
]
[
11
]
[
89
]
Mary Kay Bergman
voiced the majority of the female characters until her death in November 1999.
Mona Marshall
and
Eliza Schneider
succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its
seventh season
(2003). She was replaced by
April Stewart
, who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several
Disney
and other kid-friendly characters.
[
90
]
Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar,
[
91
]
while Schneider was sometimes credited under her
rock opera
performance
pseudonym
Blue Girl.
[
92
]
Other voice actors and members of
South Park
's production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while a few staff members voice recurring characters. Supervising producer
Jennifer Howell
voices student
Bebe Stevens
;
[
89
]
co-producer and storyboard artist
Adrien Beard
voices
Tolkien Black
,
[
nb 1
]
[
93
]
who was the school's only
African-American
student until the introduction of Nichole in "
Cartman Finds Love
"; writing consultant
Vernon Chatman
voices an
anthropomorphic
towel named
Towelie
;
[
89
]
and production supervisor
John Hansen
voices
Mr. Slave
, the former gay lover of
Mr. Garrison
.
[
94
]
Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff.
[
95
]
When voicing child characters, the voice actors speak within their normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection. The recorded audio is then edited with
Pro Tools
, and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader.
[
75
]
[
96
]
[
97
]
Isaac Hayes
voiced the character of
Chef
, an African-American,
soul-singing
cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted.
[
12
]
[
98
]
Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates, which also included
Lou Rawls
and
Barry White
.
[
99
]
Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with
South Park
, recorded his dialogue on a digital audio tape while a director gave directions over the phone, after which the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California.
[
54
]
After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was
killed off
in the
season 10
(2006) premiere "
The Return of Chef
".
Guest stars
Celebrities who are depicted on the show are usually impersonated, though some celebrities do their own voices for the show. Celebrities who have voiced themselves include
Michael Buffer
,
[
100
]
[
101
]
Brent Musburger
,
[
102
]
Jay Leno
,
[
103
]
Robert Smith
,
[
104
]
and the bands
Radiohead
and
Korn
.
[
105
]
[
106
]
Comedy team
Cheech & Chong
voiced characters representing their likenesses for the
season four
(2000) episode "
Cherokee Hair Tampons
", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years.
[
107
]
Malcolm McDowell
appears in live-action sequences as the narrator of the season four episode "
Pip
".
[
108
]
Jennifer Aniston
,
[
109
]
Richard Belzer
,
[
110
]
Natasha Henstridge
,
[
104
]
Norman Lear
,
[
111
]
and
Peter Serafinowicz
[
112
]
have guest starred as other speaking characters. During
South Park
's earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted;
George Clooney
provided the barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the
season one
(1997) episode "
Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride
",
[
113
]
Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale "
Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut
",
[
113
]
and
Henry Winkler
voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the
season two
(1998) episode "
City on the Edge of Forever
".
[
114
]
Jerry Seinfeld
offered to lend his voice for the
Thanksgiving
episode "
Starvin' Marvin
", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as "Turkey #2".
[
115
]
Music
Chef
would often sing in a style reminiscent of that of his voice actor,
Isaac Hayes
.
Parker says that the varying uses of music are of utmost importance to
South Park
.
[
116
]
Several characters often play or sing songs in order to change or influence a group's behavior, or to educate, motivate, or indoctrinate others. The show also frequently features scenes in which its characters have disapproving reactions to the performances of certain popular musicians.
[
116
]
Adam Berry
, the show's original score composer, used
sound synthesis
to simulate a small orchestra, and frequently alluded to existing famous pieces of music. Berry also used signature acoustic guitar and mandolin cues as
leitmotifs
for the show's establishing shots.
[
116
]
[
117
]
After Berry left in 2001, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley of the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided the show's original music for the next seven seasons.
[
96
]
Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show's sole score composer.
[
118
]
Dunlap's contributions to the show are one of the few that are not achieved at the show's own production offices. Dunlap reads a script, creates a score using digital audio software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it is edited to fit with the completed episode.
[
96
]
In addition to singing in an effort to explain something to the children, Chef would also sing about things relevant to what had transpired in the plot. These songs were original compositions written by Parker, and they were performed by Hayes in the same sexually suggestive
R&B
style he had used during his own music career. The band DVDA, which consists of Parker and Stone, along with show staff members Bruce Howell and D.A. Young, performed the music for these compositions and, until the character's death on the show, were listed as "Chef's Band" in the closing credits.
[
54
]
Rick James
,
Elton John
,
Meat Loaf
,
Joe Strummer
,
Ozzy Osbourne
,
Primus
,
Rancid
, and
Ween
all guest starred and briefly performed in the
season two
(1998) episode "
Chef Aid
". Korn debuted their single "
Falling Away from Me
" as guest stars on the
season three
(1999) episode "
Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery
".
[
106
]
Main theme
The show's
theme song
was a musical score performed by the band
Primus
, with the lyrics alternately sung by the band's lead singer,
Les Claypool
, and the show's four central characters during the opening title sequence. Kenny's muffled lines are altered after every few seasons. His lines are usually
sexually explicit
in nature, such as his original lines, "I like girls with big fat titties, I like girls with deep vaginas".
[
119
]
The original unaired opening composition was originally slower and had a length of 40 seconds. It was deemed too long for the opening sequence. So Parker and Stone sped it up for the show's opening, having Claypool re-record his vocals. The
instrumental
version of the original composition is often played during the show's closing credits.
[
120
]
The opening song played in the first four seasons (and the end credits in all seasons) has a
folk rock
instrumentation with
bass guitar
,
trumpets
and rhythmic drums. Its
beat
is fast in the opening and leisurely in the closing credits. It is in the
minor key
and it features a
tritone
or a diminished fifth, creating a melodic
dissonance
, which captures the show's surrealistic nature.
[
how?
]
In the latter parts of seasons 4 and 5, the opening tune has an
electro funk
arrangement with
pop
qualities. Seasons 6–9 have a sprightly
bluegrass
instrumentation with a usage of
banjo
and is set in the
major key
. For the later seasons, the arrangement is
electro rock
with a
breakbeat
influence, which feature
electric guitars
backed up by
synthesized
,
groovy
drumbeats.
[
96
]
The opening theme song has been remixed three times during the course of the series, including a remix performed by
Paul Robb
.
[
121
]
In 2006, the theme music was remixed with the song "Whamola" by
Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade
, from the album
Purple Onion
.
[
122
]
Episodes
Distribution
International
South Park
is broadcast internationally in several countries and territories, including India, New Zealand, and several countries throughout Europe and Latin America on channels that are subsidiaries of Comedy Central and
Paramount Media Networks
, both subsidiaries of Paramount.
[
28
]
[
123
]
[
124
]
In distribution deals with Comedy Central, other independent networks also broadcast the series in other international markets. In Australia, the show is broadcast on
The Comedy Channel
,
Comedy Central
and
free-to-air
channel
SBS Viceland
(before 2009), while new episodes aired on
SBS
. The program also airs free-to-air in Australia on
10 Shake
, a sister network to Comedy Central through Paramount.
[
125
]
The series is broadcast uncensored in Canada in English on
The Comedy Network
[
126
]
and, later,
Much
. The series was formerly broadcast on
Global
.
South Park
also airs in Irish on
TG4
in Ireland,
[
127
]
STV
in Scotland,
[
128
]
Comedy Central
and
MTV
in the UK (previously on
Sky One
,
Channel 4
,
VIVA
and
5Star
),
B92
in
Serbia
,
[
129
]
and on
Game One
and
NRJ 12
in
France
. In September 2020, SBS, which aired South Park in Australia since 1997, removed South Park from its television line-up, though reruns could air on SBS Viceland.
[
130
]
[
131
]
Syndication
Broadcast syndication
rights to
South Park
were acquired by
Debmar-Mercury
and
Tribune Entertainment
in 2003 and 2004 respectively.
[
132
]
[
133
]
Episodes further edited for content began running in syndication on September 19, 2005, and were aired in the United States with the
TV-14
rating.
[
133
]
[
134
]
20th Television
replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. By the time its run in syndication ended in 2015,
[
135
]
it aired in 90 percent of the television markets across the United States and Canada, where it generated an estimated US$25 million a year in advertising revenue.
[
136
]
[
137
]
In 2019,
CBS Television Distribution
(the syndication arm of ViacomCBS, now known as
Paramount Skydance
), took over the full distribution rights following the
acquisition
of
21st Century Fox
(parent of 20th Television) by
The Walt Disney Company
(who had employed Debmar-Mercury founder Mort Marcus as the head of their
syndication division
), distributing the show in syndication.
[
138
]
In 2021, South Park Studios struck a deal with
ViacomCBS
, which allows
[
clarification needed
]
the show to be renewed all the way up to season 30 and 14 additional films, enough to carry the show to at least 2027.
[
139
]
[
140
]
[
needs update
]
Home media
Complete seasons of
South Park
have been regularly released in their entirety on DVD since 2002, with
season twenty-six
being the most recently released. Several other themed DVD compilations have been released by
Rhino Entertainment
and Comedy Central,
[
141
]
while the three-episode
Imaginationland
story arc
was reissued
straight-to-DVD
as a full-length feature in 2008.
[
142
]
[
143
]
[
144
]
Blu-ray
releases started in 2008 with the release of
season twelve
.
[
145
]
Subsequent seasons have been released in this format alongside the longer-running DVD releases. The first eleven seasons were released on Blu-ray for the first time in December 2017.
[
146
]
[
147
]
Streaming
In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of
South Park
available for free full-length
on-demand
legal streaming
on the official South Park Studios website.
[
148
]
From March 2008 until December 2013, new episodes were added to the site the day following their debut, and an uncensored version was posted the following day. The episode stayed up for the remainder of the week, then taken down, and added to the site three weeks later.
Within a week, the site served more than a million streams of full episodes,
[
148
]
and the number grew to 55 million by October 2008.
[
149
]
Legal issues prevent the U.S. content from being accessible outside the United States,
[
150
]
so local servers have been set up in other countries.
[
151
]
In September 2009, a South Park Studios website with streaming episodes was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
[
152
]
In Canada, episodes were available for streaming from The Comedy Network's website, though due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available.
[
153
]
In April 2010, the season five episode "
Super Best Friends
" and the season fourteen episodes "
200
" and "
201
" were removed from the site; additionally, these episodes no longer air in reruns and are only available exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray. These episodes remain unavailable following the 2014 purchase by Hulu.
In July 2014, it was announced that
Hulu
had signed a three-year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights to
South Park
for a reported $80 million. Following the announcement every episode remained available for free on the South Park Studios website, using the Hulu
player
. As of September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 select episodes would be featured for free viewing at a time on a rotating basis on the website, with new episodes being available for an entire month starting the day following their original airings. The entire series was available on Hulu by this point.
[
154
]
As of July 2015, all episodes of
South Park
are available for streaming in Canada on the service
CraveTV
, which first consisted of seasons 1–18. Subsequent seasons were released the following July.
[
155
]
In early October 2019, industry rumors suggested that the streaming rights for
South Park
were being offered to various services, creating an intense bidding war that was estimated to be as high as
US$500 million
. HBO and South Park Digital Studios announced that HBO had secured a multi-year deal for the exclusive streaming rights for
South Park
on their
HBO Max
service starting June 24, 2020.
[
156
]
While the terms of the deal were not disclosed,
Variety
reported the deal fell between
US$500 million
and
US$550 million
.
[
157
]
Beginning with season 25 in 2022, HBO Max posts new episodes the next day after their Comedy Central airing.
[
158
]
Once that deal expires in 2025,
Paramount+
will become the exclusive streaming home. In addition, the season 27 episodes would stream first on Paramount+ before hitting HBO Max.
[
159
]
Though season 27 would have originally aired in 2024, the season was delayed due to what Parker and Stone claimed to be uncertainties about the
2024 United States presidential election
(mainly the exhaustion of
humor set around Donald Trump
), along with the
merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global
.
[
160
]
In February 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery filed a lawsuit which claimed that Paramount breached its exclusivity contract with HBO Max by airing
South Park
on its own streaming platform.
[
161
]
Re-rendered episodes
From its debut in 1997 to the
season twelve finale
in 2008 the series had been originally produced in
standard definition
, with a
4:3
aspect ratio
. In 2009, the series switched to being produced in
16:9
high definition
1080p
with the beginning of the
thirteenth season
.
[
162
]
All twelve seasons originally produced in standard definition have been
remastered
by South Park Studios, being fully
re-rendered
in high definition. The aspect ratio of these episodes was converted from 4:3 to 16:9 as well.
[
162
]
The re-rendered versions were also released on Blu-ray. Several of the re-rendered episodes from the earlier seasons have their original uncensored audio tracks; they had previously been released in censored form.
[
162
]
[
163
]
[
164
]
[
165
]
The series premiere, Cartman Gets an Anal Probe, is the only episode that was animated using
cut-out animation
.
[
166
]
As a result, it retains its original 4:3 aspect ratio, while all other episodes in Season 1 were re-rendered in 16:9 widescreen. When the South Park team first started using Alia PowerAnimator, they scanned all the available frames into a high-quality version of the episode, for the purpose of reusing the character textures of the first episode as a base for subsequent episodes. Later, during the re-rendering process, they made minor adjustments to the scanned frames to correct errors, including recreating missing frames.
[
167
]
The fifth-season episode "
Super Best Friends
", which was pulled from syndication and online streams following the
controversy surrounding episode "201"
, was not released alongside the rest of the season when it was released in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode was later re-rendered and made available for the Blu-ray release of the season that was released on December 5, 2017.
[
146
]
The episode is presented in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series.
[
168
]
Reception
Ratings
When
South Park
debuted, it was a huge ratings success for Comedy Central and is seen as being largely responsible for the success of the channel, with Herzog crediting it for putting the network "on the map".
[
28
]
[
50
]
[
169
]
The show's first episode, "
Cartman Gets an Anal Probe
", earned a
Nielsen
rating of 1.3 (980,000 viewers), at the time considered high for a
cable program
.
[
169
]
The show instantly generated buzz among television viewers, and mass viewing parties began assembling on college campuses.
[
22
]
[
16
]
[
24
]
By the time the eighth episode, "
Starvin' Marvin
", aired—three months after the show debuted—ratings and viewership had tripled, and
South Park
was already the most successful show in Comedy Central's history.
[
24
]
When the tenth episode "
Damien
" aired the following February, viewership increased another 33 percent. The episode earned a 6.4 rating, which at the time was over 10 times the average rating earned by a cable show aired in
prime time
.
[
22
]
[
169
]
The ratings peaked with the second episode of
season two
, "
Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut
", which aired on April 22, 1998. The episode earned an 8.2 rating (6.2 million viewers) and, at the time, set a record as the highest-rated non-sports show in basic cable history.
[
30
]
[
38
]
[
169
]
During the spring of 1998, eight of the ten highest-rated shows on basic cable were
South Park
episodes.
[
23
]
South Park's
second season would average a 5.8 rating (12.5 million viewers) which was a lower rating due to Comedy Central's households being much higher.
[
clarification needed
]
The success of
South Park
prompted more cable companies to carry Comedy Central and led it to its becoming one of the fastest-growing cable channels. The number of households that had Comedy Central jumped from 9.1 million in 1997 to 50 million in June 1998.
[
169
]
When the show debuted, the most Comedy Central had earned for a 30-second commercial was US$7,500.
[
22
]
Within a year, advertisers were paying an average of US$40,000 for 30 seconds of advertising time during airings of
South Park
in its second season, while some paid as much as US$80,000.
[
170
]
By the third season (1999), the series' ratings began to decrease.
[
171
]
The third-season premiere episode drew 3.4 million viewers, a dramatic drop from the 5.5 million of the previous season's premiere.
[
169
]
Stone and Parker attributed this drop in the show's ratings to the media hype that surrounded the show in the previous year, adding that the third season ratings reflected the show's "true" fan base.
[
169
]
Regardless the viewership stayed consistent with an average rating being between 3.0 (8 million viewers) to a 5.5 (17.5 million viewers). The show's ratings dropped further in its fourth season (2000), with episodes averaging just above 1.5 million viewers (though the season premiere would get 22.1 million viewers due to the hype caused by the movie). The ratings eventually increased, and seasons five through nine consistently averaged about 3 million viewers per episode.
[
169
]
Season 8's episode "Goobacks" would have
South Park
's
viewership peak at 30 million viewers. Seasons 10 to 12 would average 5 million viewers. Though its viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons,
South Park
remains one of the highest-rated series on Comedy Central.
[
172
]
The
season 14
(2010) premiere gained 3.7 million viewers, the show's highest-rated season premiere since 1998.
[
173
]
In 2016, a
New York Times
study of the 50 TV shows with the most
Facebook Likes
found that "perhaps unsurprisingly, South Park ... is most popular in Colorado".
[
174
]
Subsequent seasons saw substantially lower ratings, though after taking on
Donald Trump
directly in
season 27
, ratings jumped to over 6.2 million viewers cross-platform, the show's highest since 2018.
[
175
]
Recognitions and awards
In 2004,
Channel 4
voted
South Park
the third-greatest cartoon of all time.
[
176
]
In 2007,
Time
magazine included the show on its list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time", proclaiming it as "America's best source of rapid-fire satire for [the past] decade".
[
177
]
The same year,
Rolling Stone
declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.
[
178
]
In 2008,
South Park
was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by
Entertainment Weekly
,
[
179
]
while
AOL
declared it as having the "most astute" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.
[
180
]
In 2011,
South Park
was voted number one in the
25 Greatest Animated TV Series
poll by
Entertainment Weekly
.
[
181
]
The character of Cartman ranked 10th on
TV Guide
's 2002 list of the "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters",
[
182
]
198th on
VH1
's "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons",
[
183
]
19th on
Bravo
's "100 Greatest TV Characters" television special in 2004,
[
184
]
and second on
MSNBC
's 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind
Mr. Burns
from
The Simpsons
.
[
185
]
In 2006, Comedy Central received a
Peabody Award
for
South Park
's "stringent social commentary" and "undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life".
[
28
]
[
42
]
[
186
]
[
187
]
In 2013, the
Writers Guild of America
ranked
South Park
at number 63 among the "101 Best-Written Shows Ever".
[
188
]
Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the "60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time".
[
189
]
In 2019, the series was ranked 42nd on
The Guardian
newspaper's list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century.
[
190
]
South Park
won the
CableACE Award
for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.
[
191
]
In 1998,
South Park
was nominated for the
Annie Award
for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program. It was also nominated for the 1998
GLAAD Award
for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for "
Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride
".
[
33
]
South Park
has been nominated for the
Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program
eighteen times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004–2011, 2013–2018 and 2021). The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode "
Best Friends Forever
",
[
186
]
the 2006 episode "
Make Love, Not Warcraft
",
[
192
]
the 2009 episode "
Margaritaville
", and the 2012 episode "
Raising the Bar
".
[
193
]
The "
Imaginationland
" trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More) in 2008.
[
194
]
It was also nominated twice for the
Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance
for the 68th Emmy Awards.
[
195
]
Criticism
The show's frequent depiction of
taboo
subject matter, general toilet humor, accessibility to younger viewers, disregard for
conservative
sensibilities, negative depiction of
liberal
causes, and portrayal of religion for comic effect have generated controversy and debate over the course of its run.
[
196
]
As the series became popular, students in two schools were barred from wearing
South Park
-related T-shirts,
[
19
]
[
23
]
[
33
]
and the headmaster of a
UK public school
asked parents not to let their children watch the programme after eight- and nine-year-old children voted the
South Park
character Cartman as their favorite personality in a 1999 poll.
[
197
]
Parker and Stone assert that the show is not meant to be viewed by young children, and the show is certified with TV ratings that indicate its intention for mature audiences.
[
23
]
In 1999, they went on record to cancel the release of the
Game Boy Color
game based on the series, as Parker and Stone determined that a game based on an adult animated series would be inappropriate for a console whose core demographic consisted of children.
[
198
]
Parents Television Council
founder
L. Brent Bozell III
and
Action for Children's Television
founder
Peggy Charren
have both condemned the show, with the latter claiming it is "dangerous to the democracy".
[
19
]
[
170
]
[
199
]
[
200
]
Several other activist groups have protested the show's parodies of
Christianity
and portrayal of
Jesus Christ
.
[
19
]
[
201
]
Stone has stated that parents who disapprove of
South Park
for its portrayal of how kids behave are upset because they "have an idyllic vision of what kids are like", adding "[kids] don't have any kind of social tact or etiquette, they're just complete little raging bastards".
[
33
]
[
197
]
Controversies
The show further lampooned the controversy surrounding its use of profanity, as well as the media attention surrounding the network show
Chicago Hope
's singular use of the word
shit
, with the
season five
premiere "
It Hits the Fan
",
[
202
]
in which the word
shit
is said 162 times without being bleeped for censorship purposes, while also appearing uncensored in written form.
[
38
]
In the days following the show's original airing, 5,000 disapproving e-mails were sent to Comedy Central.
[
49
]
Despite its 43 uncensored uses of the racial slur
nigger
, the
season 11
episode "
With Apologies to Jesse Jackson
" generated relatively little controversy, as most in the black community and the
NAACP
praised the episode for its context and its comedic way of conveying other races' perceptions of how black people feel when hearing the word.
[
203
]
[
204
]
Specific controversies regarding the show have included an
April Fools' Day
prank played on its viewers in 1998,
[
205
]
its depiction of the
Virgin Mary
in the
season nine
(2005) finale "
Bloody Mary
" that angered several
Catholics
,
[
36
]
its depiction of
Steve Irwin
with a
stingray
barb stuck in his chest in the episode "
Hell on Earth 2006
", which originally aired less than two months after Irwin was killed in the same fashion,
[
206
]
[
207
]
Comedy Central's censorship of the depiction of
Muhammad
in the
season 10
episode "
Cartoon Wars Part II
" in the wake of the
Jyllands-Posten
Muhammad cartoons controversy
[
201
]
and consistent mockery of the concept of
climate change
by using
climate change denialist
talking points.
[
208
]
[
209
]
[
210
]
The
season nine
(2005) episode "
Trapped in the Closet
" denounces
Scientology
as nothing more than "a big fat global scam",
[
201
]
while freely divulging church information that Scientology normally only reveals to members who make significant monetary contributions to the church.
[
211
]
The episode also ambiguously parodies the rumors involving the sexual orientation of Scientologist
Tom Cruise
, who allegedly demanded any further reruns of the episode be canceled.
[
206
]
[
212
]
Isaac Hayes
, a Scientologist, later quit
South Park
because of his objection to the episode.
[
213
]
The season fourteen episodes "
200
" and "
201
" were mired in controversy for satirizing issues surrounding the depiction of the Islamic prophet,
Muhammad
. The website for the organization
Revolution Muslim
, a New York-based radical Muslim organization, posted an entry that included a warning to creators Parker and Stone that they risk violent retribution for their
depictions of Muhammad
. It said that they "will probably wind up like
Theo van Gogh
for airing this show". The posting provided the addresses to Comedy Central in New York and the production company in Los Angeles.
[
214
]
The author of the post,
Zachary Adam Chesser
(whose alias is Abu Talhah al-Amrikee),
[
215
]
said it was meant to serve as a warning to Parker and Stone, not a threat, and that providing the addresses was meant to give people the opportunity to protest.
[
216
]
[
217
]
Despite Chesser's claims that the website entry was a warning, several media outlets and observers interpreted it as a threat.
[
218
]
[
219
]
[
220
]
Comedy Central censored the episode's broadcast in response, by
bleeping out
several speeches and covering Mohammed's appearances with a giant "censored" label.
[
214
]
Support for the episode has come in the form of
Everybody Draw Mohammed Day
, a movement started on Facebook that encourages people to draw Muhammad on May 20.
[
221
]
The "200" episode, which also depicted
the Buddha
snorting
cocaine
, prompted the government of
Sri Lanka
to ban the series outright.
[
222
]
Due to many taboo topics in China—such as
Dalai Lama
,
Winnie the Pooh
,
[
223
]
labor camps
,
freedom of speech
and
cannabis culture
—being involved in the
season 23
(2019) episode "
Band in China
",
South Park
was entirely banned in China after the episode's broadcast. The series'
Baidu Baike
article,
Baidu Tieba
forum,
Douban
page,
Zhihu
page and
Bilibili
videos have been deleted or inaccessible to the public, all related keywords and topics have been prohibited from being searched and discussed on China-based search engines and social media sites including
Baidu
,
QQ
,
Weibo
and on
WeChat
public platforms.
[
224
]
[
225
]
[
226
]
Parker and Stone issued a sarcastic apology in response.
[
227
]
[
228
]
Legacy
Cultural
Commentary made in episodes has been interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are attempting to make to the viewing public,
[
229
]
and these opinions have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, social, and political concepts.
[
27
]
[
229
]
[
230
]
Since
South Park
debuted, college students have written term papers and doctoral theses analyzing the show,
[
56
]
while
Brooklyn College
offers a course called "
South Park
and Political Correctness".
[
231
]
[
232
]
Soon after one of Kenny's trademark deaths on the show, other characters would typically shout "Oh my God, they killed Kenny!", followed by another yelling out "You bastard(s)!"—these lines were usually said by the characters Stan and Kyle, respectively. The exclamation quickly became a popular catchphrase,
[
12
]
while the running gag of Kenny's recurring deaths is one of the more recognized hallmarks among viewers of modern television.
[
233
]
[
234
]
Cartman's exclamations of "Respect my authori-tah!" and "Screw you guys ...I'm going home!" became catchphrases as well, and during the show's earlier seasons, were highly popular in the lexicon of viewers.
[
235
]
Cartman's eccentric intonation of "Hey!" was included in the 2002 edition of
The Oxford Dictionary of Catchphrases
.
[
236
]
In the
season two
episode "
Chef Aid
", attorney
Johnnie Cochran
uses what's called in the show the
Chewbacca defense
, which is a legal strategy that involves addressing plot holes related to
Chewbacca
in the film
Return of the Jedi
rather than discussing the trial at hand during a closing argument in a deliberate attempt to confuse jurors into thinking there is
reasonable doubt
. The term "Chewbacca defense" has been documented as being used by criminologists, forensic scientists, and political commentators in their various discussions of similar methods used in legal cases and public forums.
[
237
]
[
238
]
Another season two episode, "
Gnomes
", revolves around a group of "underpants
gnomes
" who, as their name suggests, run a corporation stealing people's underpants. When asked about their business model, various gnomes reply that theirs is a three-step process: Phase 1 is "collect underpants". Phase 3 is "profit". However, the gnomes are unable to explain what is to occur between the first and final steps, and "Phase 2" is accompanied by a large question mark on their corporate flow chart. Using "????" and "PROFIT!" as the last two steps in a process (usually jokingly) became a widely popular
Internet meme
because of this.
[
239
]
[
240
]
Especially in the context of politics and economics, "underpants gnomes" has been used by some commentators to characterize a conspicuous gap of logic or planning.
[
241
]
[
242
]
When Sophie Rutschmann of the
University of Strasbourg
discovered a mutated gene that causes an adult
fruit fly
to die within two days after it is infected with certain bacteria, she named the gene
kep1
in honor of Kenny.
[
243
]
[
244
]
[
245
]
Similarly, when a mutated ortholog of
KIAA1109
was also found for said species that inhibited their ability to stand upright, walk, and caused seizures, indicative of severe neurological defects, a different set of researchers named it
Tweek
in honor of Tweek.
[
246
]
Political
While some
conservatives
have condemned
South Park
for its vulgarity, a growing population of people who hold
center-right
political beliefs, including teenagers and young adults, have embraced the show for its tendency to mock
liberal
viewpoints and lampoon liberal celebrities and icons.
[
247
]
Political commentator
Andrew Sullivan
dubbed the group
South Park
Republicans
, or
South Park
conservatives.
[
41
]
[
17
]
[
248
]
Sullivan averred that members of the group are "extremely skeptical of political correctness but also are socially liberal on many issues", though he says the phrase applied to them is meant to be more of a casual indication of beliefs than a strong partisan label.
[
17
]
[
41
]
Brian C. Anderson
describes the group as "generally characterized by holding strong
libertarian
beliefs and rejecting more conservative social policy", and notes that although the show makes "wicked fun of conservatives", it is "at the forefront of a conservative revolt against liberal media" and Hollywood's "liberal hegemony".
[
247
]
[
249
]
Parker and Stone reject the idea that the show has any underlying political position, and deny having a political agenda when creating an episode.
[
37
]
[
248
]
[
250
]
The two claim the show's higher proportion of instances lampooning liberal rather than conservative orthodoxies stems simply from their preference for making fun of liberals.
[
17
]
[
76
]
While Stone has been quoted saying, "I hate conservatives, but I really fucking hate liberals", Stone and Parker have explained that their drive to lampoon a given target comes first from the target's insistence on telling other people how to behave.
[
202
]
The duo explain that they regard liberals as having both delusions of entitlement to remain free from satire, and a propensity to enforce political correctness while patronizing the citizens of
Middle America
.
[
40
]
[
41
]
Parker and Stone are uncomfortable with the idea of themselves or
South Park
being assigned any kind of
partisan
classification.
[
37
]
[
248
]
Parker said he rejects the "
South Park
Republican" and "
South Park
conservative" labels, feeling that either tag implies that one only adheres to strictly conservative or liberal viewpoints.
[
36
]
[
247
]
The duo has in the past reluctantly labeled themselves libertarians and fans of
government gridlock
. In 2006, they said that they were "rooting for
Hillary Clinton
in 2008 simply because it would be weird to have her as president".
[
249
]
Franchise
See also
South Park (Park County, Colorado)
South Park City
Notes
^
Formerly Token Black; retconned in "
The Big Fix
".
^
Originally known as Braniff Productions from 1997 to 2006, and Parker-Stone Productions from 2006 to 2007.
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Further reading
Anderson, Brian C. (2005).
South Park Conservatives: The Revolt Against Liberal Media Bias
. Regnery Publishing.
ISBN
978-0-89526-019-2
.
Broman, Per F.; Jacoby, Henry (2006). Arp, Robert (ed.).
South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today
. The Blackwell Philosophy & Pop Culture Series. Blackwell Publishing.
ISBN
978-1-4051-6160-2
.
Cogan, Brian, ed. (2011).
Deconstructing South Park: Critical Examinations of Animated Transgression
. Lexington Books.
ISBN
978-0-7391-6745-8
.
Hanley, Richard, ed. (2007).
South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating
. Open Court.
ISBN
978-0-8126-9613-4
.
Johnson-Woods, Toni (2007).
Blame Canada!: South Park and Popular Culture
. Continuum.
ISBN
978-0-8264-1731-2
.
Mansour, David (2005).
From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century
. Kansas City, Missouri:
Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC
.
ISBN
0-7407-5118-2
.
OCLC
57316726
.
Nye, Sean,
"From Punk to the Musical: South Park, Music, and the Cartoon Format"
, in Music in Television: Channels of Listening, ed. James Deaville (London: Routledge, 2011): 143–64.
ISBN
978-0415881357
Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew; Fallows, Randall (2008).
Taking South Park Seriously
. SUNY Press.
ISBN
978-0-7914-7566-9
.
External links
Official website
South Park
at
IMDb
South Park
at
TV Guide
South Park
on
Metacritic
South Park
on
Rotten Tomatoes
South Park
at
Don Markstein's Toonopedia
Johnny 2 Cozy,
"Four Hours of South Park Lore To Fall Asleep To,"
via YouTube.com, November 29, 2024.
(Video compilation of literary criticism)
Ryan Parker (September 14, 2016).
"
'South Park' History: Trey Parker, Matt Stone on Censors, Tom Cruise and Scientology's Role in Isaac Hayes Quitting"
.
The Hollywood Reporter
. Retrieved
February 21,
2022
. |
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- [1 Premise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Premise)
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- [1\.1 Setting and characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Setting_and_characters)
- [1\.2 Themes and style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Themes_and_style)
- [2 Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Development)
- [3 Production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Production)
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- [3\.1 Writing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Writing)
- [3\.2 Animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Animation)
- [3\.3 Voice cast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Voice_cast)
- [3\.3.1 Guest stars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Guest_stars)
- [3\.4 Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Music)
- [3\.4.1 Main theme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Main_theme)
- [4 Episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Episodes)
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- [6\.3 Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Criticism)
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- [7\.1 Cultural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Cultural)
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- [8 Franchise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Franchise)
- [9 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#See_also)
- [10 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Notes)
- [11 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#References)
- [12 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#Further_reading)
- [13 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#External_links)
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# *South Park*
110 languages
- [Адыгабзэ](https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Adyghe")
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AB_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83 "ساوث بارك – Arabic")
- [الدارجة](https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AB_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83 "ساوث پارك – Moroccan Arabic")
- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Asturian")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99nubi_Park "Cənubi Park – Azerbaijani")
- [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Balinese")
- [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Bavarian")
- [Žemaitėška](https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97it%C5%AB_Parks "Pėitū Parks – Samogitian")
- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA "Паўднёвы парк – Belarusian")
- [Betawi](https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Betawi")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA "Саут Парк – Bulgarian")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95 "সাউথ পার্ক – Bangla")
- [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Breton")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Bosnian")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Catalan")
- [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Cebuano")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bste%C4%8Dko_South_Park "Městečko South Park – Czech")
- [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Welsh")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – German")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Greek")
- [Emiliàn e rumagnòl](https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Emiliano-Romagnolo")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Estonian")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Basque")
- [Estremeñu](https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Extremaduran")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9 "ساوت پارک – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Finnish")
- [Na Vosa Vakaviti](https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Fijian")
- [Føroyskt](https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Faroese")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – French")
- [Furlan](https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Friulian")
- [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Western Frisian")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Irish")
- [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Galician")
- [ગુજરાતી](https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A5_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%95 "સાઉથ પાર્ક – Gujarati")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA%27_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7 "סאות' פארק – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95 "साउथ पार्क – Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Croatian")
- [Kreyòl ayisyen](https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Haitian Creole")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A3%D5%AB_\(%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%BF%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC\) "Հարավային այգի (մուլտսերիալ) – Armenian")
- [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Interlingua")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Indonesian")
- [Ilokano](https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Iloko")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF "サウスパーク – Japanese")
- [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98 "სამხრეთის პარკი – Georgian")
- [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B0%D2%9B "Оңтүстік Саябақ – Kazakh")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%ED%8C%8C%ED%81%AC "사우스 파크 – Korean")
- [Kernowek](https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Cornish")
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- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA "Південний парк – Ukrainian")
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- [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Uzbek")
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- [მარგალური](https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Mingrelian")
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- [Zeêuws](https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Zeelandic")
- [ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ](https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A5%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D_%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%BD "ⴰⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight")
- [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park "South Park – Minnan")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E4%BB%94%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%92 "衰仔樂園 – Cantonese")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American animated sitcom
This article is about the television series. For the franchise, see [*South Park* (franchise)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(franchise\) "South Park (franchise)"). For other uses, see [South Park (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(disambiguation\) "South Park (disambiguation)").
| *South Park* | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park.png)Title card featuring the four main characters: [Stan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Kenny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick"), and [Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") | |
| Genre | [Animated sitcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_sitcom "Animated sitcom") [Black comedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy "Black comedy") [Comedy drama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_drama "Comedy drama") [Satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") |
| Created by | [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") |
| Showrunners | Trey Parker Matt Stone |
| Voices of | Trey Parker Matt Stone [Mary Kay Bergman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kay_Bergman "Mary Kay Bergman") [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes") [Eliza Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Schneider "Eliza Schneider") [Mona Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Marshall "Mona Marshall") [April Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Stewart "April Stewart") [Adrien Beard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Beard "Adrien Beard") |
| Theme music composer | [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)") |
| Composers | Adam Berry Scott Nickoley Jamie Dunlap |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 28 |
| No. of episodes | 338 ([list of episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes")) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Trey Parker Matt Stone Brian Graden [Deborah Liebling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Liebling "Deborah Liebling") Frank C. Agnone II Bruce Howell [Anne Garefino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Garefino "Anne Garefino") |
| Producers | [Vernon Chatman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Chatman "Vernon Chatman") [Eric Stough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Stough "Eric Stough") Bruce Howell Adrien Beard Jack Shih |
| Cinematography | Kenny Gioseffi |
| Running time | 22 minutes[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-1) |
| Production companies | [Comedy Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Partners "Comedy Partners") South Park Studios[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-2) Celluloid Studios (pilot) |
| Original release | |
| Network | [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") |
| Release | August 13, 1997 (1997-08-13) – present |
| Related | |
| *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")* | |
***South Park*** is an American [animated sitcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_sitcom "Animated sitcom") created by [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") and [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") for [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). The series revolves around four boys—[Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman"), and [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick")—and their adventures in and around the titular [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") town. *South Park* also features many recurring characters. The series became infamous for its [profanity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profanity "Profanity") and [dark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy "Black comedy"), [surreal humor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surreal_humor "Surreal humor") that [satirizes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") a [large range of subject matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_matter_in_South_Park "Subject matter in South Park").
Parker and Stone developed *South Park* from two animated short films, both titled *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")*, released in 1992 and 1995. The second short became one of the first [viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video") Internet videos, leading to the series' production. The [pilot episode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_episode "Pilot episode") was produced using [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation"); the remainder of the series uses [computer animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation "Computer animation") based on the cutout technique. Since the fourth season, episodes have generally been written and produced during the week preceding their broadcast, with Parker serving as the lead writer and director.
Since its debut on August 13, 1997, [338 episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes") of *South Park* have been broadcast. It debuted with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied, but it remains one of Comedy Central's longest-running programs. In August 2021, *South Park* was renewed through 2027, and a series of television specials was announced for [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+"), the first two of which were released later that year.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-3)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-4) In October 2019, it was announced that [WarnerMedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarnerMedia "WarnerMedia") had acquired exclusive streaming rights to *South Park* starting in June 2020 for [HBO Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBO_Max "HBO Max").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-5) After the HBO Max deal expired in late June 2025, on July 21, 2025, Parker and Stone announced a five-year agreement with Paramount+ to stream the series exclusively and to have 10 episodes produced per year.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-2025_deal-6) The [twenty-eighth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_28 "South Park season 28") premiered on October 16, 2025.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-7)
*South Park* has received critical acclaim, and is included in various publications' lists of the [greatest television shows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_shows_considered_the_best "List of television shows considered the best"). It has received numerous accolades, including five [Primetime Emmy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award "Primetime Emmy Award") and a [Peabody Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peabody_Award "Peabody Award"). A theatrical film, *[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut")*, was released in June 1999 to commercial and critical success, garnering an [Academy Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award "Academy Award") nomination. In 2013, *[TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")* ranked *South Park* the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-8)
## Premise
### Setting and characters
Main article: [List of *South Park* characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_characters "List of South Park characters")
*South Park* centers around four boys: [Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") and [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick"). The boys live in the [fictional small town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_towns_in_animation "List of fictional towns in animation") of South Park, located within the real-life [South Park basin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)") in the [Rocky Mountains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains "Rocky Mountains") of central [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9) approximately a one-hour drive from [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-10) The town is also home to an [assortment of other characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_characters "List of South Park characters"), including students, families, and elementary school staff.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) Prominent settings include South Park Elementary, various neighborhoods and the surrounding mountain range, actual Colorado landmarks, and the businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in [Fairplay, Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairplay,_Colorado "Fairplay, Colorado").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) As one of the few television programs set in the [Mountain West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_states "Mountain states") region that takes place outside the urban core of Denver, *South Park* frequently features the unique culture of the region, including cattle ranchers, Old West theme parks, snowy climates, mountaineering, [Mormons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormons "Mormons"), real-life Colorado locations such as [Casa Bonita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Bonita "Casa Bonita") and [Cave of the Winds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Winds_\(Colorado\) "Cave of the Winds (Colorado)"), and many other regionally specific characteristics.
Stan is portrayed as an average American boy; however, he has many mishaps throughout the series. In the first 22 seasons, Stan lived in South Park, but in the episodes during and after [season 22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_22 "South Park season 22"), Stan resided in Tegridy Farms. Kyle is [Jewish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Jews "American Jews"), and his portrayal as one of the few such people in South Park is often satirized.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker and Stone's friendship,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) is a common topic throughout the series. Cartman (as he is commonly referred to) is amoral and increasingly [psychopathic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy "Psychopathy"), and is commonly portrayed as an [antagonist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonist "Antagonist"). His staunch [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism "Antisemitism") has resulted in a progressive rivalry with Kyle.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-NPR-14) Kenny, who comes from a poor family, tightly wears his [parka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parka "Parka") hood to the point where it obscures most of his face and muffles his speech. During the first five seasons, Kenny died in almost every episode, only to reappear in the next with no clear explanation. He was killed off in the [fifth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)") episode "[Kenny Dies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dies "Kenny Dies")", before being reintroduced in the sixth season finale, "[Red Sleigh Down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sleigh_Down "Red Sleigh Down")". Since then, Kenny has been depicted as dying sporadically. The children were in [third grade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_grade "Third grade") for the first three seasons and have been in [fourth grade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_grade "Fourth grade") since the show's [fourth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-11jan2005-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-8oct2008-16)
Plots are often set in motion by events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen in the town.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17) The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among the adult populace, who are customarily depicted as irrational, gullible, and prone to overreaction.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18) They are frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvamerica-19)
### Themes and style
See also: [Subject matter in *South Park*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_matter_in_South_Park "Subject matter in South Park")
Each episode opens with a [tongue-in-cheek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek "Tongue-in-cheek") [all persons fictitious disclaimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_persons_fictitious_disclaimer "All persons fictitious disclaimer"): "All characters and events in this show—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional. All celebrity voices are impersonated.....poorly. The following program contains coarse language and due to its content it should not be viewed by anyone."[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-21)
*South Park* was the first weekly program to be rated [TV-MA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-MA "TV-MA"),[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-psu-22) and is generally intended for adult audiences.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) The boys and most other child characters use strong profanity, with only the most taboo words being [bleeped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleep_censor "Bleep censor") during a typical broadcast.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) Parker and Stone perceive this as the manner in which real-life small boys speak when they are alone.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-avr-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc4-27)
*South Park* commonly makes use of [carnivalesque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivalesque "Carnivalesque") and [absurdist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absurdist_fiction "Absurdist fiction") techniques,[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blame-28) numerous [running gags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_gag "Running gag"),[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-crude-30) [violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_violence "Graphic violence"),[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-crude-30)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trash-31) [sexual content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_content "Sexual content"),[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-32)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-33) offhand pop-cultural references, and satirical portrayal of celebrities.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)
Early episodes tended to be [shock value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_value "Shock value")\-oriented and featured more slapstick-style humor.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trendy-35) While social [satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") had been used on the show occasionally earlier on, it became more prevalent as the series progressed, with the show retaining some of its focus on the boys' fondness of [scatological humor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet_humour "Toilet humour") in an attempt to remind adult viewers "what it was like to be eight years old".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) Parker and Stone also began further developing other characters by giving them larger roles in certain storylines,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) and began writing plots as parables based on religion, politics, and numerous other topics.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) This provided the opportunity for the show to spoof both extreme sides of contentious issues,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) while lampooning both [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism "Liberalism") and [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism "Conservatism") points of view.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) Rebecca Raphael described the show as "an equal opportunity offender",[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17) while Parker and Stone describe their main purpose as to "be funny" and "make people laugh",[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) while stating that no particular topic or group of people be exempt from mockery and satire.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland2-40)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv-41)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42)
Parker and Stone insist that the show is still more about "kids being kids" and "what it's like to be in \[elementary school\] in [America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States")",[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rocky-43) stating that the introduction of a more satirical element to the series was the result of the two adding more of a "moral center" to the show so that it would rely less on simply being crude and shocking in an attempt to maintain an audience.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) While profane, Parker notes that there is still an "underlying sweetness" aspect to the child characters,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) and *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* described the boys as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) Usually, the boys or other characters pondered over what transpired during an episode and conveyed the important lesson taken from it with a short monologue. During earlier seasons, this speech commonly began with a variation of the phrase "You know, I've learned something today...".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philo-44)
## Development
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trey_Parker_and_Matt_Stone_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
*South Park* creators [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") (left) and [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") continue to do most of the writing, directing and voice acting on the show.
Parker and Stone met in film class at the [University of Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder "University of Colorado at Boulder") in 1992 and discovered a shared love of [Monty Python](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python "Monty Python"), which they often cite as one of their primary inspirations.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-montypython-45) They created an [animated short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_subject "Short subject") entitled *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")*.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29) The film was created by animating construction paper cutouts with [stop motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_motion "Stop motion"), and features [prototypes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype "Prototype") of the main characters of *South Park*, including a character resembling Cartman but named "Kenny", an unnamed character resembling what is today Kenny, and two near-identical unnamed characters who resemble Stan and Kyle. [Fox Broadcasting Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company "Fox Broadcasting Company") executive and mutual friend [Brian Graden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Graden "Brian Graden") commissioned Parker and Stone to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second *The Spirit of Christmas* short resembled the style of the later series more closely.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-46) To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts, the first short is often referred to as *Jesus vs. Frosty*, and the second short as *Jesus vs. Santa*. Graden sent copies of the video to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first [viral videos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)
As *Jesus vs. Santa* became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of developing the short into a television series about four children residing in a fictional [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") town in the real-life [South Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)") basin. Fox eagerly agreed to meet with the duo about the show's premise, having prided itself on edgier products such as [*Cops*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cops_\(TV_program\) "Cops (TV program)"), *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")*, and *[The X-Files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_X-Files "The X-Files")*. However, during the meeting at the Fox office in [Century City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City "Century City"), disagreements between the two creators and the network began to arise, mainly over the latter's refusal to air a show that included a supporting talking stool character named [Mr. Hankey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Hankey "Mr. Hankey"). Some executives at [20th Century Fox Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television "20th Century Fox Television") (which was to produce the series) agreed with its then-sister network's stance on Mr. Hankey and repeatedly requested Parker and Stone to remove the character in order for the show to proceed. Refusing to meet their demands, the duo cut ties with Fox and its sister companies all together and began shopping the series somewhere else.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-47)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-48)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-49)
The two then entered negotiations with both [MTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV "MTV") and [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). Parker preferred the show be produced by Comedy Central, fearing that MTV would turn it into a kids show.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) When Comedy Central executive [Doug Herzog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Herzog "Doug Herzog") watched the short, he commissioned for it to be developed into a series.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51) Parker and Stone assembled a small staff and spent three months creating the [pilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_pilot "Television pilot") episode "[Cartman Gets an Anal Probe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Gets_an_Anal_Probe "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe")".[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) *South Park* was in danger of being canceled before it even aired when the show fared poorly with test audiences, particularly with women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity over the Internet, and Comedy Central ordered a run of six episodes.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) *South Park* debuted with "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" on August 13, 1997.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously227-53)
## Production
Except for the pilot episode, which was produced using [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation"), all episodes of *South Park* are created with the use of software, primarily [Autodesk Maya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Maya "Autodesk Maya").[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-54) As opposed to the pilot, which took three months to complete,[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) and other animated sitcoms, which are traditionally [hand-drawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_animation "Traditional animation") by companies in [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") in a process that takes roughly eight to nine months,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) individual episodes of *South Park* take significantly less time to produce. Using computers as an animation method, the show's production staff were able to generate an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cheesy-56) Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are typically completed in one week,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) with some in as little as three to four days.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesstudy-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-19mar2004-58)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-59) Nearly the entire production of an episode is accomplished within one set of offices, which were originally at a complex in [Westwood, Los Angeles, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood,_Los_Angeles,_California "Westwood, Los Angeles, California") and are now part of South Park Studios in [Culver City, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culver_City,_California "Culver City, California").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) Parker and Stone have been the show's executive producers throughout its entire history.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-garefino-60) [Debbie Liebling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie_Liebling "Debbie Liebling"), who was Senior Vice President of original programming and development for Comedy Central, also served as an executive producer during the show's first five seasons, coordinating the show's production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central's headquarters in New York City.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-62) During its early stages, finished episodes of *South Park* were hastily recorded to [D-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-2_\(video\) "D-2 (video)") to be sent to [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") for airing in just a few days' time.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-63) Each episode used to cost \$250,000.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-64)
### Writing
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elianandkenny.jpg)
The Border Patrol raid during the [Elián González](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez "Elián González") affair is referenced in "[Quintuplets 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintuplets_2000 "Quintuplets 2000")", which aired within the same week the event occurred.
Scripts are not written before a season begins.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lear-65) Production of an episode begins on a Thursday, with the show's writing consultants [brainstorming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming "Brainstorming") with Parker and Stone. Former staff writers include [Pam Brady](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Brady "Pam Brady"), who has since written scripts for the films *[Hot Rod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Rod_\(2007_film\) "Hot Rod (2007 film)")*, *[Hamlet 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_2 "Hamlet 2")* and *[Team America: World Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_America:_World_Police "Team America: World Police")* (with Parker and Stone), and [Nancy Pimental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pimental "Nancy Pimental"), who served as co-host of *[Win Ben Stein's Money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win_Ben_Stein%27s_Money "Win Ben Stein's Money")* and wrote the film *[The Sweetest Thing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sweetest_Thing_\(film\) "The Sweetest Thing (film)")* after her tenure with the show during its first three seasons.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-66)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-67) Television producer and writer [Norman Lear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lear "Norman Lear"), an idol of both Parker and Stone, and who also saw *South Park* as a way to bond with his son Benjamin,[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-68)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-69) served as a guest writing consultant for the [season seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003) episodes "[Cancelled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancelled_\(South_Park\) "Cancelled (South Park)")" and "[I'm a Little Bit Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_a_Little_Bit_Country "I'm a Little Bit Country")".[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lear-65)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-70)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-71) During the 12th and 13th seasons, *[Saturday Night Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live "Saturday Night Live")* actor and writer [Bill Hader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hader "Bill Hader") served as a [creative consultant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_consultant "Creative consultant") and co-producer.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-74)
After exchanging ideas, Parker will write a script, and from there the entire team of animators, editors, technicians, and sound engineers will each typically work 100–120 hours in the ensuing week.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) Since the show's [fourth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000), Parker has assumed most of the show's directorial duties, while Stone relinquished his share of the directing to focus on handling the coordination and business aspects of the production.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-75) On Wednesday, a completed episode is sent to Comedy Central's headquarters via satellite uplink, sometimes just a few hours before its air time of 10 PM [Eastern Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone "Eastern Time Zone").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sps40-76)
Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in a funnier show.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29) The schedule also allows *South Park* to both stay more topical and respond more quickly to specific current events than other satiric animated shows.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc3-77) One of the earliest examples of this was in the [season four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000) episode "[Quintuplets 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintuplets_2000 "Quintuplets 2000")", which references the [United States Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol")'s raid of a house during the [Elián González affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_affair "Elián González affair"), an event which occurred only four days before the episode originally aired.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-78) The [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) episode "[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(South_Park\) "Best Friends Forever (South Park)")" references the [Terri Schiavo case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case "Terri Schiavo case"),[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc4-27)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) and originally aired in the midst of the controversy and less than 12 hours before she died.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesarts-79) A scene in the [season seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003) finale "[It's Christmas in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Christmas_in_Canada "It's Christmas in Canada")" references the discovery of dictator [Saddam Hussein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein "Saddam Hussein") in a "spider hole" and his subsequent [capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn "Operation Red Dawn"), which happened a mere three days prior to the episode airing.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-19dec2003-80) The [season 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)") (2008) episode "[About Last Night...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Last_Night..._\(South_Park\) "About Last Night... (South Park)")" revolves around [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")'s victory in the [2008 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election "2008 United States presidential election"), and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, using segments of dialogue from Obama's real victory speech.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-IGNobama-81)
On October 16, 2013, the show failed to meet their production deadline for the first time ever, after a power outage on October 15 at the production studio prevented the episode, season 17's "[Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_Kids_3:_Dawn_of_the_Posers "Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers")", from being finished in time. The episode was rescheduled to air a week later on October 23, 2013.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Power_Outage-82)
### Animation
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park_production_comparison.png)
The various stages of production (from top to bottom): the storyboard sketch, the CorelDRAW props with stock character models, and a frame from the fully rendered episode, "[Super Fun Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Fun_Time "Super Fun Time")"
The show's style of animation is inspired by the paper cut-out cartoons made by [Terry Gilliam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Gilliam "Terry Gilliam") for *[Monty Python's Flying Circus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus "Monty Python's Flying Circus")*, of which Parker and Stone have been lifelong fans.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-18apr2001-83) [Construction paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_paper "Construction paper") and traditional [stop motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_motion "Stop motion") [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation") techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes have been produced by [computer animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation "Computer animation"), providing a similar look to the originals while requiring a fraction of the time to produce. Before computer artists begin animating an episode, a series of [animatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_animation "Traditional animation") drawn in [Toon Boom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toon_Boom "Toon Boom") are provided by the show's storyboard artists.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-84)
The characters and objects are composed of simple geometrical shapes and [primary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color "Primary color") and [secondary colors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_color "Secondary color"). Most child characters are the same size and shape, and are distinguished by their clothing, hair and skin colors, and headwear.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvamerica-19) Characters are mostly presented two-dimensionally and from only one angle. Their movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion, as they are purposely not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-autogenerated2-85) Occasionally, some non-fictional characters are depicted with photographic cutouts of their actual head and face in lieu of a face reminiscent of the show's traditional style. Canadians on the show are often portrayed in an even more minimalist fashion; they have simple beady eyes, and the top halves of their heads simply flap up and down when the characters speak.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland2-40)
When the show began using computers, the cardboard cutouts were scanned and re-drawn with [CorelDRAW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CorelDRAW "CorelDRAW"), then imported into [PowerAnimator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerAnimator "PowerAnimator"), which was used with [SGI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics "Silicon Graphics") workstations to animate the characters.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) The workstations were linked to a 54-processor [render farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Render_farm "Render farm") that could render 10 to 15 [shots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_\(filmmaking\) "Shot (filmmaking)") an hour.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) Beginning with [season five](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)"), the animators began using [Maya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Maya "Autodesk Maya") instead of PowerAnimator.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-14may2001-86) As of 2012, the studio ran a 120-processor render farm that can produce 30 or more shots an hour.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)
PowerAnimator and Maya are high-end programs mainly used for [3D computer graphics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics "3D computer graphics"), while co-producer and former animation director [Eric Stough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Stough "Eric Stough") notes that PowerAnimator was initially chosen because its features helped animators retain the show's "homemade" look.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) PowerAnimator was also used for making some of the show's visual effects,[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) which are now created using [Motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_\(software\) "Motion (software)"),[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) a newer graphics program created by [Apple, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple,_Inc. "Apple, Inc.") for their [Mac OS X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X "Mac OS X") [operating system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system "Operating system"). The show's visual quality has improved in recent seasons,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) though several other techniques are used to intentionally preserve the cheap cutout animation look.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cheesy-56)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ars3-87)
A few episodes feature sections of [live-action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live-action "Live-action") footage, while others have incorporated other styles of animation. Portions of the [season eight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_8\) "South Park (season 8)") (2004) premiere "[Good Times with Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Times_with_Weapons "Good Times with Weapons")" are done in [anime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime "Anime") style, while the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") episode "[Make Love, Not Warcraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Love,_Not_Warcraft "Make Love, Not Warcraft")" is done partly in [machinima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinima "Machinima").[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-88) The [season 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)") episode "[Major Boobage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Boobage "Major Boobage")", a homage to the 1981 animated film *[Heavy Metal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_\(film\) "Heavy Metal (film)")*, implements scenes accomplished with [rotoscoping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotoscoping "Rotoscoping").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-89)
### Voice cast
Main article: [List of *South Park* cast members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_cast_members "List of South Park cast members")
Parker and Stone voice most of the male *South Park* characters.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) [Mary Kay Bergman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kay_Bergman "Mary Kay Bergman") voiced the majority of the female characters until her death in November 1999. [Mona Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Marshall "Mona Marshall") and [Eliza Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Schneider "Eliza Schneider") succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its [seventh season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003). She was replaced by [April Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Stewart "April Stewart"), who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") and other kid-friendly characters.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ewbergman-91) Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar,[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-92) while Schneider was sometimes credited under her [rock opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_opera "Rock opera") performance [pseudonym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym "Pseudonym") Blue Girl.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-93)
Other voice actors and members of *South Park*'s production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while a few staff members voice recurring characters. Supervising producer [Jennifer Howell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Howell "Jennifer Howell") voices student [Bebe Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe_Stevens "Bebe Stevens");[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) co-producer and storyboard artist [Adrien Beard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Beard "Adrien Beard") voices [Tolkien Black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien_Black "Tolkien Black"),[\[nb 1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-94)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-30apr2001-95) who was the school's only [African-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American "African-American") student until the introduction of Nichole in "[Cartman Finds Love](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Finds_Love "Cartman Finds Love")"; writing consultant [Vernon Chatman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Chatman "Vernon Chatman") voices an [anthropomorphic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphism "Anthropomorphism") towel named [Towelie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towelie_\(character\) "Towelie (character)");[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) and production supervisor [John Hansen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hansen_\(voice_actor\) "John Hansen (voice actor)") voices [Mr. Slave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Slave "Mr. Slave"), the former gay lover of [Mr. Garrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Garrison "Mr. Garrison").[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-21nov2003-96) Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-97)
When voicing child characters, the voice actors speak within their normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection. The recorded audio is then edited with [Pro Tools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools "Pro Tools"), and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sps40-76)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-99)
[Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes") voiced the character of [Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_\(South_Park\) "Chef (South Park)"), an African-American, [soul-singing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_music "Soul music") cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-28jun2001-100) Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates, which also included [Lou Rawls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Rawls "Lou Rawls") and [Barry White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_White "Barry White").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-goindown-101) Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with *South Park*, recorded his dialogue on a digital audio tape while a director gave directions over the phone, after which the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was [killed off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darth_Chef "Darth Chef") in the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") (2006) premiere "[The Return of Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Return_of_Chef "The Return of Chef")".
#### Guest stars
Main article: [List of *South Park* guest stars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_guest_stars "List of South Park guest stars")
Celebrities who are depicted on the show are usually impersonated, though some celebrities do their own voices for the show. Celebrities who have voiced themselves include [Michael Buffer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Buffer "Michael Buffer"),[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-102)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-103) [Brent Musburger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Musburger "Brent Musburger"),[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-104) [Jay Leno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Leno "Jay Leno"),[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-105) [Robert Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smith_\(musician\) "Robert Smith (musician)"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydaily-106) and the bands [Radiohead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohead "Radiohead") and [Korn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn "Korn").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-107)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mtvkorn-108) Comedy team [Cheech & Chong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheech_%26_Chong "Cheech & Chong") voiced characters representing their likenesses for the [season four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000) episode "[Cherokee Hair Tampons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Hair_Tampons "Cherokee Hair Tampons")", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-109) [Malcolm McDowell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell "Malcolm McDowell") appears in live-action sequences as the narrator of the season four episode "[Pip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pip_\(South_Park\) "Pip (South Park)")".[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-12nov2008-110)
[Jennifer Aniston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston "Jennifer Aniston"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-20apr2001-111) [Richard Belzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Belzer "Richard Belzer"),[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-112) [Natasha Henstridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natasha_Henstridge "Natasha Henstridge"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydaily-106) [Norman Lear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lear "Norman Lear"),[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-113) and [Peter Serafinowicz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Serafinowicz "Peter Serafinowicz")[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-114) have guest starred as other speaking characters. During *South Park*'s earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; [George Clooney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clooney "George Clooney") provided the barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the [season one](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_1\) "South Park (season 1)") (1997) episode "[Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Gay_Al%27s_Big_Gay_Boat_Ride "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride")",[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27oct2001-115) Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale "[Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman%27s_Mom_Is_a_Dirty_Slut "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut")",[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27oct2001-115) and [Henry Winkler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Winkler "Henry Winkler") voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") (1998) episode "[City on the Edge of Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever_\(South_Park\) "City on the Edge of Forever (South Park)")".[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-116) [Jerry Seinfeld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Seinfeld "Jerry Seinfeld") offered to lend his voice for the [Thanksgiving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_\(United_States\) "Thanksgiving (United States)") episode "[Starvin' Marvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvin%27_Marvin_\(South_Park\) "Starvin' Marvin (South Park)")", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as "Turkey \#2".[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-117)
### Music
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BLACK_SOUL_SINGER_ISAAC_HAYES_PERFORMS_AT_THE_INTERNATIONAL_AMPHITHEATER_IN_CHICAGO_AS_PART_OF_THE_ANNUAL_PUSH_%27BLACK..._-_NARA_-_556307.jpg)
[Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_\(South_Park\) "Chef (South Park)") would often sing in a style reminiscent of that of his voice actor, [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes").
Parker says that the varying uses of music are of utmost importance to *South Park*.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118) Several characters often play or sing songs in order to change or influence a group's behavior, or to educate, motivate, or indoctrinate others. The show also frequently features scenes in which its characters have disapproving reactions to the performances of certain popular musicians.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118)
[Adam Berry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Berry "Adam Berry"), the show's original score composer, used [sound synthesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_synthesis "Sound synthesis") to simulate a small orchestra, and frequently alluded to existing famous pieces of music. Berry also used signature acoustic guitar and mandolin cues as [leitmotifs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitmotif "Leitmotif") for the show's establishing shots.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-119) After Berry left in 2001, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley of the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided the show's original music for the next seven seasons.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98) Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show's sole score composer.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-showcredits-120) Dunlap's contributions to the show are one of the few that are not achieved at the show's own production offices. Dunlap reads a script, creates a score using digital audio software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it is edited to fit with the completed episode.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)
In addition to singing in an effort to explain something to the children, Chef would also sing about things relevant to what had transpired in the plot. These songs were original compositions written by Parker, and they were performed by Hayes in the same sexually suggestive [R\&B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues "Rhythm and blues") style he had used during his own music career. The band DVDA, which consists of Parker and Stone, along with show staff members Bruce Howell and D.A. Young, performed the music for these compositions and, until the character's death on the show, were listed as "Chef's Band" in the closing credits.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55)
[Rick James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_James "Rick James"), [Elton John](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John "Elton John"), [Meat Loaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Loaf "Meat Loaf"), [Joe Strummer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Strummer "Joe Strummer"), [Ozzy Osbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne "Ozzy Osbourne"), [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)"), [Rancid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancid_\(band\) "Rancid (band)"), and [Ween](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ween "Ween") all guest starred and briefly performed in the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") (1998) episode "[Chef Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid "Chef Aid")". Korn debuted their single "[Falling Away from Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_Away_from_Me "Falling Away from Me")" as guest stars on the [season three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_3\) "South Park (season 3)") (1999) episode "[Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn%27s_Groovy_Pirate_Ghost_Mystery "Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery")".[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mtvkorn-108)
#### Main theme
The show's [theme song](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_song "Theme song") was a musical score performed by the band [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)"), with the lyrics alternately sung by the band's lead singer, [Les Claypool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Claypool "Les Claypool"), and the show's four central characters during the opening title sequence. Kenny's muffled lines are altered after every few seasons. His lines are usually [sexually explicit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscenity "Obscenity") in nature, such as his original lines, "I like girls with big fat titties, I like girls with deep vaginas".[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-121)
The original unaired opening composition was originally slower and had a length of 40 seconds. It was deemed too long for the opening sequence. So Parker and Stone sped it up for the show's opening, having Claypool re-record his vocals. The [instrumental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_music "Instrumental music") version of the original composition is often played during the show's closing credits.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27mar2002-122)
The opening song played in the first four seasons (and the end credits in all seasons) has a [folk rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock "Folk rock") instrumentation with [bass guitar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar "Bass guitar"), [trumpets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet "Trumpet") and rhythmic drums. Its [beat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_\(music\) "Beat (music)") is fast in the opening and leisurely in the closing credits. It is in the [minor key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_key "Minor key") and it features a [tritone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone "Tritone") or a diminished fifth, creating a melodic [dissonance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance "Consonance and dissonance"), which captures the show's surrealistic nature.\[*[how?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\] In the latter parts of seasons 4 and 5, the opening tune has an [electro funk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_funk "Electro funk") arrangement with [pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music "Pop music") qualities. Seasons 6–9 have a sprightly [bluegrass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluegrass_music "Bluegrass music") instrumentation with a usage of [banjo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo "Banjo") and is set in the [major key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_key "Major key"). For the later seasons, the arrangement is [electro rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_rock "Electro rock") with a [breakbeat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakbeat "Breakbeat") influence, which feature [electric guitars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_guitars "Electric guitars") backed up by [synthesized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music "Electronic music"), [groovy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_\(music\) "Groove (music)") drumbeats.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)
The opening theme song has been remixed three times during the course of the series, including a remix performed by [Paul Robb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robb "Paul Robb").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-robb-123) In 2006, the theme music was remixed with the song "Whamola" by [Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Les_Claypool%27s_Fearless_Flying_Frog_Brigade "Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade"), from the album *[Purple Onion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Onion_\(album\) "Purple Onion (album)")*.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whamola-124)
## Episodes
Main article: [List of *South Park* episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes")
| Season | Episodes | Originally released | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First released | Last released | Network | | |
| [1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_1_\(1997%E2%80%931998\) "List of South Park episodes") | 13 | August 13, 1997 (1997-08-13) | February 25, 1998 (1998-02-25) | [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") |
| [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_2_\(1998%E2%80%931999\) "List of South Park episodes") | 18 | April 1, 1998 (1998-04-01) | January 20, 1999 (1999-01-20) | |
| [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_3_\(1999%E2%80%932000\) "List of South Park episodes") | 17 | April 7, 1999 (1999-04-07) | January 12, 2000 (2000-01-12) | |
| [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_4_\(2000\) "List of South Park episodes") | 17 | April 5, 2000 (2000-04-05) | December 20, 2000 (2000-12-20) | |
| [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_5_\(2001\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | June 20, 2001 (2001-06-20) | December 12, 2001 (2001-12-12) | |
| [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_6_\(2002\) "List of South Park episodes") | 17 | March 6, 2002 (2002-03-06) | December 11, 2002 (2002-12-11) | |
| [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_7_\(2003\) "List of South Park episodes") | 15 | March 19, 2003 (2003-03-19) | December 17, 2003 (2003-12-17) | |
| [8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_8_\(2004\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 17, 2004 (2004-03-17) | December 15, 2004 (2004-12-15) | |
| [9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_9_\(2005\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 9, 2005 (2005-03-09) | December 7, 2005 (2005-12-07) | |
| [10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_10_\(2006\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 22, 2006 (2006-03-22) | November 15, 2006 (2006-11-15) | |
| [11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_11_\(2007\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 7, 2007 (2007-03-07) | November 14, 2007 (2007-11-14) | |
| [12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_12_\(2008\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 12, 2008 (2008-03-12) | November 19, 2008 (2008-11-19) | |
| [13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_13_\(2009\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 11, 2009 (2009-03-11) | November 18, 2009 (2009-11-18) | |
| [14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_14_\(2010\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 17, 2010 (2010-03-17) | November 17, 2010 (2010-11-17) | |
| [15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_15_\(2011\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | April 27, 2011 (2011-04-27) | November 16, 2011 (2011-11-16) | |
| [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_16_\(2012\) "List of South Park episodes") | 14 | March 14, 2012 (2012-03-14) | November 7, 2012 (2012-11-07) | |
| [17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_17_\(2013\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 25, 2013 (2013-09-25) | December 11, 2013 (2013-12-11) | |
| [18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_18_\(2014\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 24, 2014 (2014-09-24) | December 10, 2014 (2014-12-10) | |
| [19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_19_\(2015\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 16, 2015 (2015-09-16) | December 9, 2015 (2015-12-09) | |
| [20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_20_\(2016\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 14, 2016 (2016-09-14) | December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07) | |
| [21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_21_\(2017\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 13, 2017 (2017-09-13) | December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06) | |
| [22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_22_\(2018\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 26, 2018 (2018-09-26) | December 12, 2018 (2018-12-12) | |
| [23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_23_\(2019\) "List of South Park episodes") | 10 | September 25, 2019 (2019-09-25) | December 11, 2019 (2019-12-11) | |
| [24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_24_\(2020%E2%80%932021\) "List of South Park episodes") | 2 | September 30, 2020 (2020-09-30) | March 10, 2021 (2021-03-10) | |
| [Specials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Specials_\(2021\) "List of South Park episodes") | 2 | November 25, 2021 (2021-11-25) | December 16, 2021 (2021-12-16) | [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") |
| [25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_25_\(2022\) "List of South Park episodes") | 6 | February 2, 2022 (2022-02-02) | March 16, 2022 (2022-03-16) | Comedy Central |
| [Specials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Specials_\(2022\) "List of South Park episodes") | 2 | June 1, 2022 (2022-06-01) | July 13, 2022 (2022-07-13) | Paramount+ |
| [26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_26_\(2023\) "List of South Park episodes") | 6 | February 8, 2023 (2023-02-08) | March 29, 2023 (2023-03-29) | Comedy Central |
| [Specials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Specials_\(2023%E2%80%932024\) "List of South Park episodes") | 3 | October 27, 2023 (2023-10-27) | May 24, 2024 (2024-05-24) | Paramount+ |
| [27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_27_\(2025\) "List of South Park episodes") | 5 | July 23, 2025 (2025-07-23) | September 24, 2025 (2025-09-24) | Comedy Central |
| [28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes#Season_28_\(2025\) "List of South Park episodes") | 5 | October 15, 2025 (2025-10-15) | December 10, 2025 (2025-12-10) | |
## Distribution
### International
*South Park* is broadcast internationally in several countries and territories, including India, New Zealand, and several countries throughout Europe and Latin America on channels that are subsidiaries of Comedy Central and [Paramount Media Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks "Paramount Media Networks"), both subsidiaries of Paramount.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-125)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-126) In distribution deals with Comedy Central, other independent networks also broadcast the series in other international markets. In Australia, the show is broadcast on [The Comedy Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedy_Channel "The Comedy Channel"), [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_\(Australia\) "Comedy Central (Australia)") and [free-to-air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-to-air "Free-to-air") channel [SBS Viceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_Viceland "SBS Viceland") (before 2009), while new episodes aired on [SBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_\(Australian_TV_channel\) "SBS (Australian TV channel)"). The program also airs free-to-air in Australia on [10 Shake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Shake "10 Shake"), a sister network to Comedy Central through Paramount.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-127) The series is broadcast uncensored in Canada in English on [The Comedy Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedy_Network "The Comedy Network")[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-128) and, later, [Much](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_\(TV_channel\) "Much (TV channel)"). The series was formerly broadcast on [Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_\(TV_channel\) "Global (TV channel)"). *South Park* also airs in Irish on [TG4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TG4 "TG4") in Ireland,[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-129) [STV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_\(TV_network\) "STV (TV network)") in Scotland,[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-130) [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "Comedy Central (UK and Ireland)") and [MTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "MTV (UK and Ireland)") in the UK (previously on [Sky One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_One "Sky One"), [Channel 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4"), [VIVA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "Viva (UK and Ireland)") and [5Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5Star "5Star")), [B92](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B92 "B92") in [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia "Serbia"),[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-131) and on [Game One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_One "Game One") and [NRJ 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRJ_12 "NRJ 12") in [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France"). In September 2020, SBS, which aired South Park in Australia since 1997, removed South Park from its television line-up, though reruns could air on SBS Viceland.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-132)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-133)
### Syndication
[Broadcast syndication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_syndication "Broadcast syndication") rights to *South Park* were acquired by [Debmar-Mercury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debmar-Mercury "Debmar-Mercury") and [Tribune Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune_Entertainment "Tribune Entertainment") in 2003 and 2004 respectively.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-debmar-134)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-esyndication-135) Episodes further edited for content began running in syndication on September 19, 2005, and were aired in the United States with the [TV-14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-14-LV "TV-14-LV") rating.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-esyndication-135)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-136) [20th Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Television "20th Television") replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. By the time its run in syndication ended in 2015,[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-137) it aired in 90 percent of the television markets across the United States and Canada, where it generated an estimated US\$25 million a year in advertising revenue.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-138)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-139) In 2019, [CBS Television Distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Television_Distribution "CBS Television Distribution") (the syndication arm of ViacomCBS, now known as [Paramount Skydance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Skydance "Paramount Skydance")), took over the full distribution rights following the [acquisition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney "Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney") of [21st Century Fox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_Century_Fox "21st Century Fox") (parent of 20th Television) by [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") (who had employed Debmar-Mercury founder Mort Marcus as the head of their [syndication division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney-ABC_Domestic_Television "Disney-ABC Domestic Television")), distributing the show in syndication.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-140) In 2021, South Park Studios struck a deal with [ViacomCBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViacomCBS "ViacomCBS"), which allows\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\] the show to be renewed all the way up to season 30 and 14 additional films, enough to carry the show to at least 2027.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-141)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-142)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
### Home media
Main article: [List of South Park home video releases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_home_video_releases "List of South Park home video releases")
Complete seasons of *South Park* have been regularly released in their entirety on DVD since 2002, with [season twenty-six](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_26 "South Park season 26") being the most recently released. Several other themed DVD compilations have been released by [Rhino Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhino_Entertainment "Rhino Entertainment") and Comedy Central,[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-143) while the three-episode *[Imaginationland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginationland:_The_Movie "Imaginationland: The Movie")* [story arc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_arc "Story arc") was reissued [straight-to-DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-to-video "Direct-to-video") as a full-length feature in 2008.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-144)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-145)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-146) [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") releases started in 2008 with the release of [season twelve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)").[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-147) Subsequent seasons have been released in this format alongside the longer-running DVD releases. The first eleven seasons were released on Blu-ray for the first time in December 2017.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvshowsondvd_delay-148)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-149)
### Streaming
In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of *South Park* available for free full-length [on-demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand "Video on demand") [legal streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") on the official South Park Studios website.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-news-25mar2008-150) From March 2008 until December 2013, new episodes were added to the site the day following their debut, and an uncensored version was posted the following day. The episode stayed up for the remainder of the week, then taken down, and added to the site three weeks later.
Within a week, the site served more than a million streams of full episodes,[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-news-25mar2008-150) and the number grew to 55 million by October 2008.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-151) Legal issues prevent the U.S. content from being accessible outside the United States,[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-152) so local servers have been set up in other countries.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-153) In September 2009, a South Park Studios website with streaming episodes was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-154) In Canada, episodes were available for streaming from The Comedy Network's website, though due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-155)
In April 2010, the season five episode "[Super Best Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Best_Friends "Super Best Friends")" and the season fourteen episodes "[200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_\(South_Park\) "200 (South Park)")" and "[201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\) "201 (South Park)")" were removed from the site; additionally, these episodes no longer air in reruns and are only available exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray. These episodes remain unavailable following the 2014 purchase by Hulu.
In July 2014, it was announced that [Hulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu "Hulu") had signed a three-year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights to *South Park* for a reported \$80 million. Following the announcement every episode remained available for free on the South Park Studios website, using the Hulu [player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_player_\(software\) "Media player (software)"). As of September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 select episodes would be featured for free viewing at a time on a rotating basis on the website, with new episodes being available for an entire month starting the day following their original airings. The entire series was available on Hulu by this point.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Hulu2014-156)
As of July 2015, all episodes of *South Park* are available for streaming in Canada on the service [CraveTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CraveTV "CraveTV"), which first consisted of seasons 1–18. Subsequent seasons were released the following July.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-157)
In early October 2019, industry rumors suggested that the streaming rights for *South Park* were being offered to various services, creating an intense bidding war that was estimated to be as high as US\$500 million. HBO and South Park Digital Studios announced that HBO had secured a multi-year deal for the exclusive streaming rights for *South Park* on their [HBO Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_\(streaming_service\) "Max (streaming service)") service starting June 24, 2020.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-158) While the terms of the deal were not disclosed, *Variety* reported the deal fell between US\$500 million and US\$550 million.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-159) Beginning with season 25 in 2022, HBO Max posts new episodes the next day after their Comedy Central airing.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-160) Once that deal expires in 2025, [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") will become the exclusive streaming home. In addition, the season 27 episodes would stream first on Paramount+ before hitting HBO Max.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-161) Though season 27 would have originally aired in 2024, the season was delayed due to what Parker and Stone claimed to be uncertainties about the [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") (mainly the exhaustion of [humor set around Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture")), along with the [merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_of_Skydance_Media_and_Paramount_Global "Merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global").[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-162)
In February 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery filed a lawsuit which claimed that Paramount breached its exclusivity contract with HBO Max by airing *South Park* on its own streaming platform.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-163)
### Re-rendered episodes
From its debut in 1997 to the [season twelve finale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ungroundable "The Ungroundable") in 2008 the series had been originally produced in [standard definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_definition "Standard definition"), with a [4:3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullscreen_\(aspect_ratio\) "Fullscreen (aspect ratio)") [aspect ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_\(image\) "Aspect ratio (image)"). In 2009, the series switched to being produced in [16:9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio "16:9 aspect ratio") [high definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television "High-definition television") [1080p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080p "1080p") with the beginning of the [thirteenth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_13\) "South Park (season 13)").[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164) All twelve seasons originally produced in standard definition have been [remastered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster "Remaster") by South Park Studios, being fully [re-rendered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_\(computer_graphics\) "Rendering (computer graphics)") in high definition. The aspect ratio of these episodes was converted from 4:3 to 16:9 as well.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164) The re-rendered versions were also released on Blu-ray. Several of the re-rendered episodes from the earlier seasons have their original uncensored audio tracks; they had previously been released in censored form.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-165)[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq_targetdvd-166)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-167) The series premiere, Cartman Gets an Anal Probe, is the only episode that was animated using [cut-out animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-168) As a result, it retains its original 4:3 aspect ratio, while all other episodes in Season 1 were re-rendered in 16:9 widescreen. When the South Park team first started using Alia PowerAnimator, they scanned all the available frames into a high-quality version of the episode, for the purpose of reusing the character textures of the first episode as a base for subsequent episodes. Later, during the re-rendering process, they made minor adjustments to the scanned frames to correct errors, including recreating missing frames.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-169)
The fifth-season episode "[Super Best Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Best_Friends "Super Best Friends")", which was pulled from syndication and online streams following the [controversy surrounding episode "201"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\)#Threats_and_censorship "201 (South Park)"), was not released alongside the rest of the season when it was released in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode was later re-rendered and made available for the Blu-ray release of the season that was released on December 5, 2017.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvshowsondvd_delay-148) The episode is presented in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-170)
## Reception
### Ratings
When *South Park* debuted, it was a huge ratings success for Comedy Central and is seen as being largely responsible for the success of the channel, with Herzog crediting it for putting the network "on the map".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171)
The show's first episode, "[Cartman Gets an Anal Probe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Gets_an_Anal_Probe "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe")", earned a [Nielsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nielsen_ratings "Nielsen ratings") rating of 1.3 (980,000 viewers), at the time considered high for a [cable program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States "Cable television in the United States").[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) The show instantly generated buzz among television viewers, and mass viewing parties began assembling on college campuses.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) By the time the eighth episode, "[Starvin' Marvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvin%27_Marvin_\(South_Park\) "Starvin' Marvin (South Park)")", aired—three months after the show debuted—ratings and viewership had tripled, and *South Park* was already the most successful show in Comedy Central's history.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) When the tenth episode "[Damien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_\(South_Park\) "Damien (South Park)")" aired the following February, viewership increased another 33 percent. The episode earned a 6.4 rating, which at the time was over 10 times the average rating earned by a cable show aired in [prime time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time").[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) The ratings peaked with the second episode of [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)"), "[Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman%27s_Mom_Is_Still_a_Dirty_Slut "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut")", which aired on April 22, 1998. The episode earned an 8.2 rating (6.2 million viewers) and, at the time, set a record as the highest-rated non-sports show in basic cable history.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trash-31)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) During the spring of 1998, eight of the ten highest-rated shows on basic cable were *South Park* episodes.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24) *South Park's* second season would average a 5.8 rating (12.5 million viewers) which was a lower rating due to Comedy Central's households being much higher.\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\]
The success of *South Park* prompted more cable companies to carry Comedy Central and led it to its becoming one of the fastest-growing cable channels. The number of households that had Comedy Central jumped from 9.1 million in 1997 to 50 million in June 1998.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) When the show debuted, the most Comedy Central had earned for a 30-second commercial was US\$7,500.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23) Within a year, advertisers were paying an average of US\$40,000 for 30 seconds of advertising time during airings of *South Park* in its second season, while some paid as much as US\$80,000.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon-172)
By the third season (1999), the series' ratings began to decrease.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-173) The third-season premiere episode drew 3.4 million viewers, a dramatic drop from the 5.5 million of the previous season's premiere.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Stone and Parker attributed this drop in the show's ratings to the media hype that surrounded the show in the previous year, adding that the third season ratings reflected the show's "true" fan base.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Regardless the viewership stayed consistent with an average rating being between 3.0 (8 million viewers) to a 5.5 (17.5 million viewers). The show's ratings dropped further in its fourth season (2000), with episodes averaging just above 1.5 million viewers (though the season premiere would get 22.1 million viewers due to the hype caused by the movie). The ratings eventually increased, and seasons five through nine consistently averaged about 3 million viewers per episode.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Season 8's episode "Goobacks" would have *South Park*'s viewership peak at 30 million viewers. Seasons 10 to 12 would average 5 million viewers. Though its viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons, *South Park* remains one of the highest-rated series on Comedy Central.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-174) The [season 14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_14\) "South Park (season 14)") (2010) premiere gained 3.7 million viewers, the show's highest-rated season premiere since 1998.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-175) In 2016, a *[New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times")* study of the 50 TV shows with the most [Facebook Likes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Like "Facebook Like") found that "perhaps unsurprisingly, South Park ... is most popular in Colorado".[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-katz20161227-176) Subsequent seasons saw substantially lower ratings, though after taking on [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") directly in [season 27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_27 "South Park season 27"), ratings jumped to over 6.2 million viewers cross-platform, the show's highest since 2018.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-177)
### Recognitions and awards
Main article: [*South Park* awards and nominations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_South_Park "List of awards and nominations received by South Park")
In 2004, [Channel 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4") voted *South Park* the third-greatest cartoon of all time.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-100GrestCartns-178) In 2007, *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* magazine included the show on its list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time", proclaiming it as "America's best source of rapid-fire satire for \[the past\] decade".[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-179) The same year, *[Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone "Rolling Stone")* declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-180) In 2008, *South Park* was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by *[Entertainment Weekly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly "Entertainment Weekly")*,[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-181) while [AOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL "AOL") declared it as having the "most astute" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-182) In 2011, *South Park* was voted number one in the *25 Greatest Animated TV Series* poll by *Entertainment Weekly*.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-183) The character of Cartman ranked 10th on [TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")'s 2002 list of the "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters",[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-TVGuide-184) 198th on [VH1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VH1 "VH1")'s "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons",[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-pop-185) 19th on [Bravo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravo_\(American_TV_network\) "Bravo (American TV network)")'s "100 Greatest TV Characters" television special in 2004,[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-186) and second on [MSNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC")'s 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind [Mr. Burns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Burns "Mr. Burns") from *The Simpsons*.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-msnbccartman-187) In 2006, Comedy Central received a [Peabody Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peabody_Award "Peabody Award") for *South Park*'s "stringent social commentary" and "undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rocky-43)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-basile2-188)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-189) In 2013, the [Writers Guild of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America "Writers Guild of America") ranked *South Park* at number 63 among the "101 Best-Written Shows Ever".[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-190) Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the "60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time".[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-191) In 2019, the series was ranked 42nd on *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* newspaper's list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-192)
*South Park* won the [CableACE Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CableACE_Award "CableACE Award") for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-193) In 1998, *South Park* was nominated for the [Annie Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Award "Annie Award") for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program. It was also nominated for the 1998 [GLAAD Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Awards "GLAAD Media Awards") for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for "[Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Gay_Al%27s_Big_Gay_Boat_Ride "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride")".[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)
*South Park* has been nominated for the [Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program_\(for_Programming_Less_Than_One_Hour\) "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour)") eighteen times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004–2011, 2013–2018 and 2021). The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode "[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(South_Park\) "Best Friends Forever (South Park)")",[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-basile2-188) the 2006 episode "[Make Love, Not Warcraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Love,_Not_Warcraft "Make Love, Not Warcraft")",[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-194) the 2009 episode "[Margaritaville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaritaville_\(South_Park\) "Margaritaville (South Park)")", and the 2012 episode "[Raising the Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Bar_\(South_Park\) "Raising the Bar (South Park)")".[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-195) The "[Imaginationland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginationland_Episode_I "Imaginationland Episode I")" trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More) in 2008.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-196) It was also nominated twice for the [Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Voice-Over_Performance "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance") for the 68th Emmy Awards.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-197)
### Criticism
The show's frequent depiction of [taboo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboo "Taboo") subject matter, general toilet humor, accessibility to younger viewers, disregard for [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative "Conservative") sensibilities, negative depiction of [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States "Modern liberalism in the United States") causes, and portrayal of religion for comic effect have generated controversy and debate over the course of its run.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mifflin-198)
As the series became popular, students in two schools were barred from wearing *South Park*\-related T-shirts,[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34) and the headmaster of a [UK public school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school_\(United_Kingdom\) "Public school (United Kingdom)") asked parents not to let their children watch the programme after eight- and nine-year-old children voted the *South Park* character Cartman as their favorite personality in a 1999 poll.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bbcpoll-199) Parker and Stone assert that the show is not meant to be viewed by young children, and the show is certified with TV ratings that indicate its intention for mature audiences.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24) In 1999, they went on record to cancel the release of the [Game Boy Color](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Boy_Color "Game Boy Color") game based on the series, as Parker and Stone determined that a game based on an adult animated series would be inappropriate for a console whose core demographic consisted of children.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-LoChiatto-200)
[Parents Television Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council "Parents Television and Media Council") founder [L. Brent Bozell III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III "L. Brent Bozell III") and [Action for Children's Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_for_Children%27s_Television "Action for Children's Television") founder [Peggy Charren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Charren "Peggy Charren") have both condemned the show, with the latter claiming it is "dangerous to the democracy".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon-172)[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv2-202) Several other activist groups have protested the show's parodies of [Christianity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity "Christianity") and portrayal of [Jesus Christ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus "Jesus").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) Stone has stated that parents who disapprove of *South Park* for its portrayal of how kids behave are upset because they "have an idyllic vision of what kids are like", adding "\[kids\] don't have any kind of social tact or etiquette, they're just complete little raging bastards".[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bbcpoll-199)
#### Controversies
Main article: [*South Park* controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_controversies "South Park controversies")
The show further lampooned the controversy surrounding its use of profanity, as well as the media attention surrounding the network show *[Chicago Hope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Hope "Chicago Hope")*'s singular use of the word *[shit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shit "Shit")*, with the [season five](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)") premiere "[It Hits the Fan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Hits_the_Fan "It Hits the Fan")",[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-gillespie-204) in which the word *shit* is said 162 times without being bleeped for censorship purposes, while also appearing uncensored in written form.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) In the days following the show's original airing, 5,000 disapproving e-mails were sent to Comedy Central.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) Despite its 43 uncensored uses of the racial slur *[nigger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigger "Nigger")*, the [season 11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_11\) "South Park (season 11)") episode "[With Apologies to Jesse Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With_Apologies_to_Jesse_Jackson "With Apologies to Jesse Jackson")" generated relatively little controversy, as most in the black community and the [NAACP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People") praised the episode for its context and its comedic way of conveying other races' perceptions of how black people feel when hearing the word.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-boston-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-206)
Specific controversies regarding the show have included an [April Fools' Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day "April Fools' Day") prank played on its viewers in 1998,[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-207) its depiction of the [Virgin Mary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_\(mother_of_Jesus\) "Mary (mother of Jesus)") in the [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) finale "[Bloody Mary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Mary_\(South_Park\) "Bloody Mary (South Park)")" that angered several [Catholics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism "Catholicism"),[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) its depiction of [Steve Irwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Irwin "Steve Irwin") with a [stingray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray "Stingray") barb stuck in his chest in the episode "[Hell on Earth 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_on_Earth_2006 "Hell on Earth 2006")", which originally aired less than two months after Irwin was killed in the same fashion,[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-odoherty-208)[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-209) Comedy Central's censorship of the depiction of [Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad "Muhammad") in the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") episode "[Cartoon Wars Part II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon_Wars_Part_II "Cartoon Wars Part II")" in the wake of the [*Jyllands-Posten* Muhammad cartoons controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy")[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) and consistent mockery of the concept of [climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change "Climate change") by using [climate change denialist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_denial "Climate change denial") talking points.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon2-210)[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-vox-211)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-guardian-212)
The [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) episode "[Trapped in the Closet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped_in_the_Closet_\(South_Park\) "Trapped in the Closet (South Park)")" denounces [Scientology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology "Scientology") as nothing more than "a big fat global scam",[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) while freely divulging church information that Scientology normally only reveals to members who make significant monetary contributions to the church.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-213) The episode also ambiguously parodies the rumors involving the sexual orientation of Scientologist [Tom Cruise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise "Tom Cruise"), who allegedly demanded any further reruns of the episode be canceled.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-odoherty-208)[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Hilden-214) [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes"), a Scientologist, later quit *South Park* because of his objection to the episode.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-foxnews3-215)
The season fourteen episodes "[200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_\(South_Park\) "200 (South Park)")" and "[201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\) "201 (South Park)")" were mired in controversy for satirizing issues surrounding the depiction of the Islamic prophet, [Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad "Muhammad"). The website for the organization [Revolution Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_Muslim "Revolution Muslim"), a New York-based radical Muslim organization, posted an entry that included a warning to creators Parker and Stone that they risk violent retribution for their [depictions of Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depictions_of_Muhammad "Depictions of Muhammad"). It said that they "will probably wind up like [Theo van Gogh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_\(film_director\) "Theo van Gogh (film director)") for airing this show". The posting provided the addresses to Comedy Central in New York and the production company in Los Angeles.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-:0-216) The author of the post, [Zachary Adam Chesser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Adam_Chesser "Zachary Adam Chesser") (whose alias is Abu Talhah al-Amrikee),[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-217) said it was meant to serve as a warning to Parker and Stone, not a threat, and that providing the addresses was meant to give people the opportunity to protest.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-218)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Rhett-219)
Despite Chesser's claims that the website entry was a warning, several media outlets and observers interpreted it as a threat.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-AC360-220)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-OReilly-221)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-222) Comedy Central censored the episode's broadcast in response, by [bleeping out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleep_censor "Bleep censor") several speeches and covering Mohammed's appearances with a giant "censored" label.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-:0-216) Support for the episode has come in the form of [Everybody Draw Mohammed Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody_Draw_Mohammed_Day "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day"), a movement started on Facebook that encourages people to draw Muhammad on May 20.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-223) The "200" episode, which also depicted [the Buddha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha "Gautama Buddha") snorting [cocaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine "Cocaine"), prompted the government of [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") to ban the series outright.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-224)
Due to many taboo topics in China—such as [Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama "14th Dalai Lama"), [Winnie the Pooh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_of_Winnie-the-Pooh_in_China "Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh in China"),[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-225) [labor camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_labor_camps "Chinese labor camps"), [freedom of speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_China "Freedom of speech in China") and [cannabis culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_culture "Cannabis culture")—being involved in the [season 23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_23\) "South Park (season 23)") (2019) episode "[Band in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_in_China "Band in China")", *South Park* was entirely banned in China after the episode's broadcast. The series' [Baidu Baike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike "Baidu Baike") article, [Baidu Tieba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Tieba "Baidu Tieba") forum, [Douban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douban "Douban") page, [Zhihu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhihu "Zhihu") page and [Bilibili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilibili "Bilibili") videos have been deleted or inaccessible to the public, all related keywords and topics have been prohibited from being searched and discussed on China-based search engines and social media sites including [Baidu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu "Baidu"), [QQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent_QQ "Tencent QQ"), [Weibo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibo "Weibo") and on [WeChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat "WeChat") public platforms.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-226)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-227)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-RFI0-228) Parker and Stone issued a sarcastic apology in response.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-229)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-230)
## Legacy
### Cultural
Commentary made in episodes has been interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are attempting to make to the viewing public,[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously-231) and these opinions have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, social, and political concepts.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blame-28)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blmp-232) Since *South Park* debuted, college students have written term papers and doctoral theses analyzing the show,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesstudy-57) while [Brooklyn College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_College "Brooklyn College") offers a course called "*South Park* and Political Correctness".[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nypostbklyn-233)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-npr2-234)
Soon after one of Kenny's trademark deaths on the show, other characters would typically shout "Oh my God, they killed Kenny!", followed by another yelling out "You bastard(s)!"—these lines were usually said by the characters Stan and Kyle, respectively. The exclamation quickly became a popular catchphrase,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) while the running gag of Kenny's recurring deaths is one of the more recognized hallmarks among viewers of modern television.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nypostkenny-235)[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-236) Cartman's exclamations of "Respect my authori-tah!" and "Screw you guys ...I'm going home!" became catchphrases as well, and during the show's earlier seasons, were highly popular in the lexicon of viewers.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-perth-237) Cartman's eccentric intonation of "Hey!" was included in the 2002 edition of *The Oxford Dictionary of Catchphrases*.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-oxford-238)
In the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") episode "[Chef Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid "Chef Aid")", attorney [Johnnie Cochran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnie_Cochran "Johnnie Cochran") uses what's called in the show the [Chewbacca defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewbacca_defense "Chewbacca defense"), which is a legal strategy that involves addressing plot holes related to [Chewbacca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewbacca "Chewbacca") in the film *[Return of the Jedi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi "Return of the Jedi")* rather than discussing the trial at hand during a closing argument in a deliberate attempt to confuse jurors into thinking there is [reasonable doubt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_doubt "Reasonable doubt"). The term "Chewbacca defense" has been documented as being used by criminologists, forensic scientists, and political commentators in their various discussions of similar methods used in legal cases and public forums.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-239)[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-240)
Another season two episode, "[Gnomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomes_\(South_Park\) "Gnomes (South Park)")", revolves around a group of "underpants [gnomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome "Gnome")" who, as their name suggests, run a corporation stealing people's underpants. When asked about their business model, various gnomes reply that theirs is a three-step process: Phase 1 is "collect underpants". Phase 3 is "profit". However, the gnomes are unable to explain what is to occur between the first and final steps, and "Phase 2" is accompanied by a large question mark on their corporate flow chart. Using "????" and "PROFIT!" as the last two steps in a process (usually jokingly) became a widely popular [Internet meme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme "Internet meme") because of this.[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-241)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-242) Especially in the context of politics and economics, "underpants gnomes" has been used by some commentators to characterize a conspicuous gap of logic or planning.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-243)[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-244)
When Sophie Rutschmann of the [University of Strasbourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg "University of Strasbourg") discovered a mutated gene that causes an adult [fruit fly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster "Drosophila melanogaster") to die within two days after it is infected with certain bacteria, she named the gene *kep1* in honor of Kenny.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fruitfly-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-246)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-PNAS-247) Similarly, when a mutated ortholog of [KIAA1109](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIAA1109 "KIAA1109") was also found for said species that inhibited their ability to stand upright, walk, and caused seizures, indicative of severe neurological defects, a different set of researchers named it *Tweek* in honor of Tweek.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-248)
### Political
Main article: [South Park Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Republican "South Park Republican")
While some [conservatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States "Conservatism in the United States") have condemned *South Park* for its vulgarity, a growing population of people who hold [center-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right_politics "Centre-right politics") political beliefs, including teenagers and young adults, have embraced the show for its tendency to mock [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States "Modern liberalism in the United States") viewpoints and lampoon liberal celebrities and icons.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249) [Political commentator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundit "Pundit") [Andrew Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan "Andrew Sullivan") dubbed the group [*South Park* Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Republican "South Park Republican"), or *South Park* conservatives.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250) Sullivan averred that members of the group are "extremely skeptical of political correctness but also are socially liberal on many issues", though he says the phrase applied to them is meant to be more of a casual indication of beliefs than a strong partisan label.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42) [Brian C. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_C._Anderson "Brian C. Anderson") describes the group as "generally characterized by holding strong [libertarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States "Libertarianism in the United States") beliefs and rejecting more conservative social policy", and notes that although the show makes "wicked fun of conservatives", it is "at the forefront of a conservative revolt against liberal media" and Hollywood's "liberal hegemony".[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249)[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ReasonMagazine-251)
Parker and Stone reject the idea that the show has any underlying political position, and deny having a political agenda when creating an episode.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250)[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HP2010-252) The two claim the show's higher proportion of instances lampooning liberal rather than conservative orthodoxies stems simply from their preference for making fun of liberals.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc3-77) While Stone has been quoted saying, "I hate conservatives, but I really fucking hate liberals", Stone and Parker have explained that their drive to lampoon a given target comes first from the target's insistence on telling other people how to behave.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-gillespie-204) The duo explain that they regard liberals as having both delusions of entitlement to remain free from satire, and a propensity to enforce political correctness while patronizing the citizens of [Middle America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_America_\(United_States\) "Middle America (United States)").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv-41)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42) Parker and Stone are uncomfortable with the idea of themselves or *South Park* being assigned any kind of [partisan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisan_\(politics\) "Partisan (politics)") classification.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250) Parker said he rejects the "*South Park* Republican" and "*South Park* conservative" labels, feeling that either tag implies that one only adheres to strictly conservative or liberal viewpoints.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37)[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249) The duo has in the past reluctantly labeled themselves libertarians and fans of [government gridlock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridlock_\(politics\) "Gridlock (politics)"). In 2006, they said that they were "rooting for [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") in 2008 simply because it would be weird to have her as president".[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ReasonMagazine-251)
## Franchise
For more information about films, shorts, music and merchandising, see [*South Park* (franchise)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(franchise\) "South Park (franchise)"). For more information about video games, see [List of *South Park* video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_video_games "List of South Park video games").
## See also
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg)[1990s portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:1990s "Portal:1990s")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Animation_disc.svg)[Animation portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Animation "Portal:Animation")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mad_scientist.svg)[Cartoon portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Cartoon "Portal:Cartoon")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SMirC-laugh.svg)[Comedy portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Comedy "Portal:Comedy")
- [Colorado portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Colorado "Portal:Colorado")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg)[Television portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Television "Portal:Television")
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States "Portal:United States")
- [South Park (Park County, Colorado)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)")
- [South Park City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_City "South Park City")
## Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-94)** Formerly Token Black; retconned in "[The Big Fix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Fix_\(South_Park\) "The Big Fix (South Park)")".
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-2)** Originally known as Braniff Productions from 1997 to 2006, and Parker-Stone Productions from 2006 to 2007.
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"[City People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_People "City People")". *South Park*. Season 25. Episode 3. February 16, 2022. [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). "We're up in the mountains, about an hour from Denver."
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-6)
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11. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-growsup2_12-7)
Jaime J. Weinman (March 12, 2008). ["South Park grows up"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080321172805/http://www.macleans.ca/culture/entertainment/article.jsp?content=20080312_115131_115131). *Maclean's*. Archived from [the original](https://www.macleans.ca/culture/entertainment/article.jsp?content=20080312_115131_115131) on March 21, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-time_13-5)
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13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-NPR_14-0)**
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`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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246. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-248)**
Verstreken, Patrik; Ohyama, Tomoko; Haueter, Claire; Habets, Ron L.P.; Lin, Yong Q.; Swan, Laura E.; Ly, Cindy V.; Venken, Koen J. T.; De Camilli, Pietro; Bellen, Hugo J. (July 30, 2009). ["Tweek, an evolutionary conserved proteinis required for synaptic vesicle recycling"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759194). *Neuron*. **63** (2): 203–215\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1016/j.neuron.2009.06.017](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2009.06.017). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0896-6273](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0896-6273). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [2759194](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759194). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [19640479](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19640479).
247. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-2)
Winter, Bill. ["Trey Parker – Libertarian"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080113153236/http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/trey-parker.html). The Advocates. Archived from [the original](http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/trey-parker.html) on January 13, 2008. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
248. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-refugees_250-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-refugees_250-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-refugees_250-2)
John Tierney (August 29, 2006). ["South Park Refugees"](https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/29/opinion/29tierney.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170823132238/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/29/opinion/29tierney.html) from the original on August 23, 2017. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
249. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-ReasonMagazine_251-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-ReasonMagazine_251-1)
Tierney, John (August 31, 2006). ["South Park Refugees"](https://reason.com/archives/2006/08/31/south-park-refugees). *[Reason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reason_\(magazine\) "Reason (magazine)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190115003210/https://reason.com/archives/2006/08/31/south-park-refugees) from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
250. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-HP2010_252-0)** [Matt Stone & Trey Parker Are Not Your Political Allies (No Matter What You Believe)](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/matt-stone-trey-parker-ar_n_475744) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171002122145/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/02/25/matt-stone-trey-parker-ar_n_475744.html) October 2, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") by Alex Leo, *[HuffPost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HuffPost "HuffPost")*, February 25, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2022
## Further reading
- Anderson, Brian C. (2005). [*South Park Conservatives: The Revolt Against Liberal Media Bias*](https://archive.org/details/southparkconserv00ande). Regnery Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-89526-019-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-019-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-019-2")
.
- Broman, Per F.; Jacoby, Henry (2006). Arp, Robert (ed.). *South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today*. The Blackwell Philosophy & Pop Culture Series. Blackwell Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-4051-6160-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6160-2 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6160-2")
.
- Cogan, Brian, ed. (2011). *Deconstructing South Park: Critical Examinations of Animated Transgression*. Lexington Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-7391-6745-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6745-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6745-8")
.
- Hanley, Richard, ed. (2007). *South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating*. Open Court. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8126-9613-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9613-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9613-4")
.
- Johnson-Woods, Toni (2007). [*Blame Canada!: South Park and Popular Culture*](https://archive.org/details/blamecanada00toni). Continuum. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8264-1731-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1731-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1731-2")
.
- Mansour, David (2005). *From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century*. Kansas City, Missouri: [Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing,_LLC "Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[0-7407-5118-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2 "Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2")
. [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [57316726](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57316726).
- Nye, Sean, ["From Punk to the Musical: South Park, Music, and the Cartoon Format"](https://www.academia.edu/2898817/From_Punk_to_the_Musical_South_Park_Music_and_the_Cartoon_Format), in Music in Television: Channels of Listening, ed. James Deaville (London: Routledge, 2011): 143–64.
[ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0415881357](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415881357 "Special:BookSources/978-0415881357")
- Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew; Fallows, Randall (2008). *Taking South Park Seriously*. SUNY Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-7914-7566-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7566-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7566-9")
.
## External links
**South Park** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_Park_\(cartoon\) "c:Category:South Park (cartoon)") from Commons
- [Quotations](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/South_Park "q:South Park") from Wikiquote
- [Data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16538 "d:Q16538") from Wikidata
- [Official website](https://southpark.cc.com/)
- [*South Park*](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0121955/) at [IMDb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDb_\(identifier\) "IMDb (identifier)")
- [*South Park*](https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/-/1030177962/) at *[TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")*
- [*South Park*](https://www.metacritic.com/tv/south-park) on [Metacritic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic "Metacritic")
- [*South Park*](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/south_park) on [Rotten Tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes "Rotten Tomatoes")
- [*South Park*](http://toonopedia.com/southprk.htm) at [Don Markstein's Toonopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Markstein%27s_Toonopedia "Don Markstein's Toonopedia")
- Johnny 2 Cozy, ["Four Hours of South Park Lore To Fall Asleep To,"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JCf_fbVtso) via YouTube.com, November 29, 2024.
(Video compilation of literary criticism)
- Ryan Parker (September 14, 2016). ["'South Park' History: Trey Parker, Matt Stone on Censors, Tom Cruise and Scientology's Role in Isaac Hayes Quitting"](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/south-park-20-years-history-trey-parker-matt-stone-928212/). *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:South_Park "Template:South Park") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:South_Park "Template talk:South Park") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_Park "Special:EditPage/Template:South Park")*[South Park]()* | |
|---|---|
| [Franchise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(franchise\) "South Park (franchise)") | |
| [Characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_characters "List of South Park characters") | |
| | |
| Children | [Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh") [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski") [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick") [Butters Stotch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butters_Stotch "Butters Stotch") [Wendy Testaburger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendy_Testaburger "Wendy Testaburger") [Craig Tucker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Tucker "Craig Tucker") ([Creek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creek_\(fandom\) "Creek (fandom)")) [Tolkien Black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien_Black "Tolkien Black") [Jimmy Valmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Valmer "Jimmy Valmer") |
| Adults | [Randy Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Marsh_\(South_Park\) "Randy Marsh (South Park)") [Gerald and Sheila Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_and_Sheila_Broflovski "Gerald and Sheila Broflovski") [Liane Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liane_Cartman "Liane Cartman") [Mr. Garrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Garrison "Mr. Garrison") [Mr. Mackey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Mackey "Mr. Mackey") [Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_\(South_Park\) "Chef (South Park)") |
| Production | [Cast members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_cast_members "List of South Park cast members") [Guest stars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_guest_stars "List of South Park guest stars") [Awards and nominations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_South_Park "List of awards and nominations received by South Park") *[6 Days to Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_Days_to_Air "6 Days to Air")* |
| Films | *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")* *[Bigger, Longer & Uncut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut")* |
| [Episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes") | [Season 1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_1 "South Park season 1") [2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_2 "South Park season 2") [3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_3 "South Park season 3") [4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_4 "South Park season 4") [5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_5 "South Park season 5") [6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_6 "South Park season 6") [7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_7 "South Park season 7") [8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_8 "South Park season 8") [9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_9 "South Park season 9") [10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_10 "South Park season 10") [11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_11 "South Park season 11") [12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_12 "South Park season 12") [13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_13 "South Park season 13") [14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_14 "South Park season 14") [15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_15 "South Park season 15") [16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_16 "South Park season 16") [17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_17 "South Park season 17") [18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_18 "South Park season 18") [19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_19 "South Park season 19") [20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_20 "South Park season 20") [21](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_21 "South Park season 21") [22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_22 "South Park season 22") [23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_23 "South Park season 23") [24](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_24 "South Park season 24") [25](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_25 "South Park season 25") [26](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_26 "South Park season 26") [27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_27 "South Park season 27") [28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_28 "South Park season 28") |
| Paramount+ specials | "[Post COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Post_COVID "South Park: Post COVID")" "[The Return of COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Post_COVID:_The_Return_of_COVID "South Park: Post COVID: The Return of COVID")" "[The Streaming Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_The_Streaming_Wars "South Park The Streaming Wars")" "[The Streaming Wars Part 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_The_Streaming_Wars_Part_2 "South Park The Streaming Wars Part 2")" "[Joining the Panderverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Joining_the_Panderverse "South Park: Joining the Panderverse")" "[(Not Suitable for Children)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Not_Suitable_for_Children\) "South Park (Not Suitable for Children)")" "[The End of Obesity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_End_of_Obesity "South Park: The End of Obesity")" |
| Music | |
| | |
| Studio albums | *[Chef Aid: The South Park Album](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid:_The_South_Park_Album "Chef Aid: The South Park Album")* *[Bigger, Longer & Uncut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut_\(soundtrack\) "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (soundtrack)")* *[Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Hankey%27s_Christmas_Classics#Album "Mr. Hankey's Christmas Classics")* |
| Songs | "[Chocolate Salty Balls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Salty_Balls "Chocolate Salty Balls")" "[Blame Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blame_Canada "Blame Canada")" "[What Would Brian Boitano Do?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Would_Brian_Boitano_Do%3F "What Would Brian Boitano Do?")" "[Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy_and_the_Lords_of_the_Underworld "Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld")" |
| [Video games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_video_games "List of South Park video games") | *[South Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(video_game\) "South Park (video game)")* *[South Park Pinball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(pinball\) "South Park (pinball)")* *[Chef's Luv Shack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Chef%27s_Luv_Shack "South Park: Chef's Luv Shack")* *[South Park Rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Rally "South Park Rally")* *[South Park 10: The Game](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_10:_The_Game "South Park 10: The Game")* *[Let's Go Tower Defense Play\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Let%27s_Go_Tower_Defense_Play! "South Park Let's Go Tower Defense Play!")* *[Tenorman's Revenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Tenorman%27s_Revenge "South Park: Tenorman's Revenge")* *[The Stick of Truth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_Stick_of_Truth "South Park: The Stick of Truth")* *[The Fractured but Whole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_Fractured_but_Whole "South Park: The Fractured but Whole")* *[Phone Destroyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Phone_Destroyer "South Park: Phone Destroyer")* *[Snow Day\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Snow_Day! "South Park: Snow Day!")* |
| Inspired works | *South Park and Philosophy* *[You Know, I Learned Something Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_and_Philosophy:_You_Know,_I_Learned_Something_Today "South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today")* *[Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_and_Philosophy:_Bigger,_Longer,_and_More_Penetrating "South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating")* *[South Park Conservatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Conservatives "South Park Conservatives")* *[Babylon Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon_Park "Babylon Park")* *[Block 13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_13 "Block 13")* |
| Related | [Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_controversies "South Park controversies") [Subject matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_matter_in_South_Park "Subject matter in South Park") *[Python Night – 30 Years of Monty Python](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_Night_%E2%80%93_30_Years_of_Monty_Python "Python Night – 30 Years of Monty Python")* [Home video releases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_home_video_releases "List of South Park home video releases") [Chewbacca defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewbacca_defense "Chewbacca defense") [*South Park* Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Republican "South Park Republican") [Casa Bonita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Bonita "Casa Bonita") |
|  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:South_Park "Category:South Park") | |
| [Awards for *South Park*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_South_Park "List of awards and nominations received by South Park") | |
|---|---|
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Animated_Series "Template:Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Animated_Series "Template talk:Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Animated_Series "Special:EditPage/Template:Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series")[Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critics%27_Choice_Television_Award_for_Best_Animated_Series "Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series") | |
| *[Archer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(2009_TV_series\) "Archer (2009 TV series)")* (2011) *[Archer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(2009_TV_series\) "Archer (2009 TV series)")* (2012) *[Archer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(2009_TV_series\) "Archer (2009 TV series)")* (2013) *[Archer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(2009_TV_series\) "Archer (2009 TV series)")* (2014) *[BoJack Horseman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")* (2015) *[BoJack Horseman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")* (2016) *[Rick and Morty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_and_Morty "Rick and Morty")* (2017) *[BoJack Horseman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")* (2018) *[BoJack Horseman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")* (2019) *[BoJack Horseman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoJack_Horseman "BoJack Horseman")* (2020) *[What If...?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_If...%3F_\(TV_series\) "What If...? (TV series)")* (2021) *[Harley Quinn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley_Quinn_\(TV_series\) "Harley Quinn (TV series)")* (2022) *[Scott Pilgrim Takes Off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Pilgrim_Takes_Off "Scott Pilgrim Takes Off")* (2023) *[X-Men '97](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Men_%2797 "X-Men '97")* (2024) *[South Park]()* (2025) | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program "Template:Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program "Template talk:Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program "Special:EditPage/Template:Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program")[Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program") | |
| 1970s | *[Halloween Is Grinch Night](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween_Is_Grinch_Night "Halloween Is Grinch Night")* (1978) *[The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lion,_the_Witch_and_the_Wardrobe_\(1979_film\) "The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1979 film)")* (1979) |
| 1980s | *[Carlton Your Doorman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlton_Your_Doorman "Carlton Your Doorman")* (1980) *[Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Is_a_Circus,_Charlie_Brown "Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown")* (1981) *[The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grinch_Grinches_the_Cat_in_the_Hat "The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat")* (1982) *[Ziggy's Gift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziggy%27s_Gift "Ziggy's Gift")* (1983) *[Garfield on the Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield_on_the_Town "Garfield on the Town")* (1984) *[Garfield in the Rough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield_in_the_Rough "Garfield in the Rough")* (1985) *[Garfield's Halloween Adventure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield%27s_Halloween_Adventure "Garfield's Halloween Adventure")* (1986) *[Cathy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy_\(TV_special\) "Cathy (TV special)")* (1987) *[A Claymation Christmas Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Claymation_Christmas_Celebration "A Claymation Christmas Celebration")* (1988) *[Garfield's Babes and Bullets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garfield%27s_Babes_and_Bullets "Garfield's Babes and Bullets")* (1989) |
| 1990s | *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Life on the Fast Lane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_on_the_Fast_Lane "Life on the Fast Lane")") (1990) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_vs._Lisa_and_the_8th_Commandment "Homer vs. Lisa and the 8th Commandment")") (1991) *[Claymation Easter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claymation_Easter "Claymation Easter")* (1992) *[Batman: The Animated Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series "Batman: The Animated Series")* ("[Robin's Reckoning: Part I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%27s_Reckoning "Robin's Reckoning")") (1993) *The Roman City* (1994) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Lisa's Wedding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%27s_Wedding "Lisa's Wedding")") (1995) *[Pinky and the Brain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinky_and_the_Brain "Pinky and the Brain")* ("[A Pinky and the Brain Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Pinky_and_the_Brain_Christmas "A Pinky and the Brain Christmas")") (1996) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Homer's Phobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%27s_Phobia "Homer's Phobia")") (1997) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Trash of the Titans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trash_of_the_Titans "Trash of the Titans")") (1998) *[King of the Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_Hill "King of the Hill")* ("[And They Call It Bobby Love](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_They_Call_It_Bobby_Love "And They Call It Bobby Love")") / *[Todd McFarlane's Spawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_McFarlane%27s_Spawn "Todd McFarlane's Spawn")* (1999) |
| 2000s | |
| | |
| Program (Less Than One Hour) | *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Behind the Laughter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind_the_Laughter "Behind the Laughter")") (2000) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[HOMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOMR "HOMR")") (2001) *[Futurama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama "Futurama")* ("[Roswell That Ends Well](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_That_Ends_Well "Roswell That Ends Well")") (2002) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Three Gays of the Condo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gays_of_the_Condo "Three Gays of the Condo")") (2003) *[Samurai Jack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai_Jack "Samurai Jack")* ("The Birth of Evil") (2004) *[South Park]()* ("[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(South_Park\) "Best Friends Forever (South Park)")") (2005) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[The Seemingly Never-Ending Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seemingly_Never-Ending_Story "The Seemingly Never-Ending Story")") (2006) *[South Park]()* ("[Make Love, Not Warcraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Love,_Not_Warcraft "Make Love, Not Warcraft")") (2007) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal_Moonshine_of_the_Simpson_Mind "Eternal Moonshine of the Simpson Mind")") (2008) *[South Park]()* ("[Margaritaville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaritaville_\(South_Park\) "Margaritaville (South Park)")") (2009) |
| Program (One Hour or More) | *[Walking with Dinosaurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Dinosaurs "Walking with Dinosaurs")* (2000) *[Allosaurus: A Walking With Dinosaurs Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Big_Al "The Ballad of Big Al")* (2001) *[Walking with Prehistoric Beasts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Beasts "Walking with Beasts")* (2002) *[Chased by Dinosaurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_of_Giants_/_The_Giant_Claw "Land of Giants / The Giant Claw")* (2003) *[Star Wars: Clone Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars "Star Wars: Clone Wars")* (Volume 1: Chapters 1-20) (2004) *[Star Wars: Clone Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Wars:_Clone_Wars "Star Wars: Clone Wars")* (Volume 2: Chapters 21-25) (2005) *[Before the Dinosaurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_with_Monsters "Walking with Monsters")* (2006) *[Camp Lazlo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lazlo "Camp Lazlo")* ("[Where's Lazlo?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Lazlo:_Where%27s_Lazlo%3F "Camp Lazlo: Where's Lazlo?")") (2007) *[South Park]()* ([*Imaginationland: The Movie*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginationland_Episode_I#Imaginationland:_The_Movie "Imaginationland Episode I")) (2008) *[Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foster%27s_Home_for_Imaginary_Friends "Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends")* ("[Destination: Imagination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination:_Imagination "Destination: Imagination")") (2009) |
| 2010s | *[Prep & Landing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prep_%26_Landing "Prep & Landing")* (2010) *[Futurama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama "Futurama")* ("[The Late Philip J. Fry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Late_Philip_J._Fry "The Late Philip J. Fry")") (2011) *[The Penguins of Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Penguins_of_Madagascar "The Penguins of Madagascar")* ("[The Return of the Revenge of Dr. Blowhole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Penguins_of_Madagascar_\(season_2\)#ep99 "The Penguins of Madagascar (season 2)")") (2012) *[South Park]()* ("[Raising the Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Bar_\(South_Park\) "Raising the Bar (South Park)")") (2013) *[Bob's Burgers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%27s_Burgers "Bob's Burgers")* ("[Mazel-Tina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazel-Tina "Mazel-Tina")") (2014) *[Over the Garden Wall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Over_the_Garden_Wall "Over the Garden Wall")* (2015) *[Archer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(2009_TV_series\) "Archer (2009 TV series)")* ("[The Figgis Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_\(season_7\)#ep76 "Archer (season 7)")") (2016) *[Bob's Burgers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%27s_Burgers "Bob's Burgers")* ("[Bob Actually](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Actually "Bob Actually")") (2017) *[Rick and Morty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_and_Morty "Rick and Morty")* ("[Pickle Rick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickle_Rick "Pickle Rick")") (2018) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Mad About the Toy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_About_the_Toy "Mad About the Toy")") (2019) |
| 2020s | *[Rick and Morty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_and_Morty "Rick and Morty")* ("[The Vat of Acid Episode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vat_of_Acid_Episode "The Vat of Acid Episode")") (2020) *[Genndy Tartakovsky's Primal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primal_\(TV_series\) "Primal (TV series)")* ("[Plague of Madness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_of_Madness "Plague of Madness")") (2021) *[Arcane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcane_\(TV_series\) "Arcane (TV series)")* ("When These Walls Come Tumbling Down") (2022) *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")* ("[Treehouse of Horror XXXIII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehouse_of_Horror_XXXIII "Treehouse of Horror XXXIII")") (2023) *[Blue Eye Samurai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Eye_Samurai "Blue Eye Samurai")* ("The Tale of the Ronin and the Bride") (2024) *[Arcane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcane_\(TV_series\) "Arcane (TV series)")* ("The Dirt Under Your Nails") (2025) |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trey_Parker_and_Matt_Stone "Template:Trey Parker and Matt Stone") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Trey_Parker_and_Matt_Stone "Template talk:Trey Parker and Matt Stone") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trey_Parker_and_Matt_Stone "Special:EditPage/Template:Trey Parker and Matt Stone")[Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") and [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") | |
|---|---|
| [Parker filmography and awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roles_and_awards_of_Trey_Parker "List of roles and awards of Trey Parker") [Stone filmography and awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roles_and_awards_of_Matt_Stone "List of roles and awards of Matt Stone") | |
| Feature films | *[Cannibal! The Musical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannibal!_The_Musical "Cannibal! The Musical")* (1993) *[Orgazmo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgazmo "Orgazmo")* (1997) *[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut")* (1999) *[Team America: World Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_America:_World_Police "Team America: World Police")* (2004) *[Whitney Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_Springs "Whitney Springs")* (TBA) |
| Television | *[South Park]()* (since 1997) *[That's My Bush\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_My_Bush! "That's My Bush!")* (2001) |
| Music | *[Chef Aid: The South Park Album](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid:_The_South_Park_Album "Chef Aid: The South Park Album")* [*South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut* soundtrack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut_\(soundtrack\) "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (soundtrack)") "[Blame Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blame_Canada "Blame Canada")" "[Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timmy_and_the_Lords_of_the_Underworld "Timmy and the Lords of the Underworld")" *[The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon:_Original_Broadway_Cast_Recording "The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording")* |
| Theatre | *[The Book of Mormon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Mormon_\(musical\) "The Book of Mormon (musical)")* (since 2011) |
| Paramount+ specials | *[South Park: Post COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Post_COVID "South Park: Post COVID")* (2021) *[South Park: Post COVID: The Return of COVID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Post_COVID:_The_Return_of_COVID "South Park: Post COVID: The Return of COVID")* (2021) *[South Park The Streaming Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_The_Streaming_Wars "South Park The Streaming Wars")* (2022) *[South Park The Streaming Wars Part 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_The_Streaming_Wars_Part_2 "South Park The Streaming Wars Part 2")* (2022) *[South Park: Joining the Panderverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Joining_the_Panderverse "South Park: Joining the Panderverse")* (2023) *[South Park (Not Suitable for Children)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Not_Suitable_for_Children\) "South Park (Not Suitable for Children)")* (2023) *[South Park: The End of Obesity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_End_of_Obesity "South Park: The End of Obesity")* (2024) |
| Video games | *[South Park: The Stick of Truth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_Stick_of_Truth "South Park: The Stick of Truth")* (2014) *[South Park: Phone Destroyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Phone_Destroyer "South Park: Phone Destroyer")* (2017) *[South Park: The Fractured but Whole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_The_Fractured_but_Whole "South Park: The Fractured but Whole")* (2017) *[South Park: Snow Day\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Snow_Day! "South Park: Snow Day!")* (2024) |
| Characters | |
| | |
| Parker | [Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh") [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") [Jimmy Valmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Valmer "Jimmy Valmer") [Clyde Donovan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Donovan "Clyde Donovan") [Randy Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Marsh_\(South_Park\) "Randy Marsh (South Park)") [Mr. Garrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Garrison "Mr. Garrison") [Mr. Mackey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Mackey "Mr. Mackey") |
| Stone | [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski") [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick") [Butters Stotch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butters_Stotch "Butters Stotch") [Craig Tucker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Tucker "Craig Tucker") [Tweek Tweak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweek_Tweak "Tweek Tweak") [Gerald Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_and_Sheila_Broflovski "Gerald and Sheila Broflovski") |
| See also | *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")* *[Your Studio and You](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your_Studio_and_You "Your Studio and You")* *[Princess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_\(web_series\) "Princess (web series)")* *[6 Days to Air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_Days_to_Air "6 Days to Air")* [Casa Bonita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Bonita "Casa Bonita") *[Sassy Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassy_Justice "Sassy Justice")* *[¡Casa Bonita Mi Amor\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%A1Casa_Bonita_Mi_Amor! "¡Casa Bonita Mi Amor!")* |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Comedy_Central_animation "Template:Comedy Central animation") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Comedy_Central_animation "Template talk:Comedy Central animation") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy_Central_animation "Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy Central animation")[Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") animation | |
|---|---|
| Current | *[South Park]()* (since 1997) *[Digman\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digman! "Digman!")* (since 2023) *[Everybody Still Hates Chris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody_Still_Hates_Chris "Everybody Still Hates Chris")* (since 2024) *[Beavis and Butt-Head](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head "Beavis and Butt-Head")* (since 2025) |
| Former | *[Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Katz,_Professional_Therapist "Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist")* (1995–99, 2002) *[TV Funhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Funhouse#Comedy_Central_series "TV Funhouse")* (2000–01) *[Kid Notorious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Notorious "Kid Notorious")* (2003) *[Shorties Watchin' Shorties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorties_Watchin%27_Shorties "Shorties Watchin' Shorties")* (2004) *[Drawn Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawn_Together "Drawn Together")* (2004–07) *[Golden Age](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_\(2006_film\) "Golden Age (2006 film)")* (2006) *[Freak Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freak_Show_\(TV_series\) "Freak Show (TV series)")* (2006) *[Lil' Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil%27_Bush "Lil' Bush")* (2007–08) *[Futurama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama "Futurama")* (2008–13) *[Ugly Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly_Americans_\(TV_series\) "Ugly Americans (TV series)")* (2010–12) *[Brickleberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickleberry "Brickleberry")* (2012–15) *[TripTank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TripTank "TripTank")* (2014–16) *[Moonbeam City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonbeam_City "Moonbeam City")* (2015) *[Legends of Chamberlain Heights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legends_of_Chamberlain_Heights "Legends of Chamberlain Heights")* (2016–17) *[Jeff & Some Aliens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_%26_Some_Aliens "Jeff & Some Aliens")* (2017) *[The Predator Holiday Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Predator_Holiday_Special "The Predator Holiday Special")* (2018) *[Fairview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairview_\(TV_series\) "Fairview (TV series)")* (2022) *[Tooning Out the News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooning_Out_the_News "Tooning Out the News")* (2022–23) |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Comedy_Central_programming "Template:Comedy Central programming") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Comedy_Central_programming "Template talk:Comedy Central programming") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy_Central_programming "Special:EditPage/Template:Comedy Central programming")[Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") [original programming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_Comedy_Central "List of programs broadcast by Comedy Central") | |
|---|---|
| Current | |
| | |
| Current | *[Beavis and Butt-Head](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beavis_and_Butt-Head "Beavis and Butt-Head")* (season 11; since 2024) *[The Daily Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Show "The Daily Show")* (since 1996) *[Digman\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digman! "Digman!")* (since 2023) *[Everybody Still Hates Chris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody_Still_Hates_Chris "Everybody Still Hates Chris")* (since 2024) *[South Park]()* (since 1997) |
| Former | |
| | |
| 1990s debuts | *[Clash\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash! "Clash!")* (1991) *[Comedy Central Presents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_Presents "Comedy Central Presents")* (1998–2011) *[Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Katz,_Professional_Therapist "Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist")* (1995–2002) *[Exit 57](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_57 "Exit 57")* (1995–96) *[Frank Leaves for the Orient](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Leaves_for_the_Orient "Frank Leaves for the Orient")* (1999) *[Make Me Laugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Me_Laugh "Make Me Laugh")* (1997–98) *[The Man Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Show "The Man Show")* (1999–2004) *[Mystery Science Theater 3000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_Science_Theater_3000 "Mystery Science Theater 3000")* (1991–96) *[Night After Night with Allan Havey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_After_Night_with_Allan_Havey "Night After Night with Allan Havey")* (1991–92) *[Politically Incorrect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politically_Incorrect "Politically Incorrect")* (1993–96) *[Premium Blend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premium_Blend "Premium Blend")* (1997–2006) *[Pulp Comics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulp_Comics "Pulp Comics")* (1997–99) *[Short Attention Span Theater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Attention_Span_Theater "Short Attention Span Theater")* (1991–94) *[Strangers with Candy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strangers_with_Candy "Strangers with Candy")* (1999–2000) *The Unnaturals* (1991) *[Upright Citizens Brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upright_Citizens_Brigade_\(TV_series\) "Upright Citizens Brigade (TV series)")* (1998–2000) *[The Vacant Lot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vacant_Lot "The Vacant Lot")* (1994) *[Viva Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva_Variety "Viva Variety")* (1997–98) *[Vs.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vs._\(game_show\) "Vs. (game show)")* (1999) *[Win Ben Stein's Money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win_Ben_Stein%27s_Money "Win Ben Stein's Money")* (1997–2003) |
| 2000s debuts | *[American Body Shop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Body_Shop "American Body Shop")* (2007) *[Atom TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_TV "Atom TV")* (2008–10) *[BattleBots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BattleBots "BattleBots")* (2000–02) *[Beat the Geeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_the_Geeks "Beat the Geeks")* (2001–02) *[Chappelle's Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chappelle%27s_Show "Chappelle's Show")* (2003–06) *[Chocolate News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_News "Chocolate News")* (2008) *[The Colbert Report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Colbert_Report "The Colbert Report")* (2005–14) *[The Comedians of Comedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedians_of_Comedy "The Comedians of Comedy")* (2005) *[Comedy Central Roast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_Roast "Comedy Central Roast")* (2003–19) *[Con](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_\(TV_series\) "Con (TV series)")* (2005) *[Contest Searchlight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contest_Searchlight "Contest Searchlight")* (2002) *[Crank Yankers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_Yankers "Crank Yankers")* (2002–05; 2019–22) *[Crossballs: The Debate Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossballs:_The_Debate_Show "Crossballs: The Debate Show")* (2004) *[Distraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distraction_\(game_show\) "Distraction (game show)")* (2005–06) *[Dog Bites Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_Bites_Man "Dog Bites Man")* (2006) *[Don't Forget Your Toothbrush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_Forget_Your_Toothbrush "Don't Forget Your Toothbrush")* (2000) *[Drawn Together](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawn_Together "Drawn Together")* (2004–07) *[Drew Carey's Green Screen Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Carey%27s_Green_Screen_Show "Drew Carey's Green Screen Show")* (2005) *[Freak Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freak_Show_\(TV_series\) "Freak Show (TV series)")* (2006) *[Futurama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurama "Futurama")* (2008–13) *[Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Reinke%27s_Wanderlust "Gerhard Reinke's Wanderlust")* (2003) *[The Gong Show with Dave Attell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gong_Show_with_Dave_Attell "The Gong Show with Dave Attell")* (2008) *[The Graham Norton Effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Graham_Norton_Effect "The Graham Norton Effect")* (2004) *[Halfway Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfway_Home_\(TV_series\) "Halfway Home (TV series)")* (2007) *[The Hollow Men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hollow_Men_\(comedy_troupe\) "The Hollow Men (comedy troupe)")* (2005) *[I'm with Busey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_with_Busey "I'm with Busey")* (2003) *[Important Things with Demetri Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Important_Things_with_Demetri_Martin "Important Things with Demetri Martin")* (2009–10) *[Insomniac with Dave Attell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insomniac_with_Dave_Attell "Insomniac with Dave Attell")* (2001–04) *[The Jeff Dunham Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jeff_Dunham_Show "The Jeff Dunham Show")* (2009) *[Kid Notorious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Notorious "Kid Notorious")* (2003) *[Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B6d_M%C3%A4ndoon_and_the_Flaming_Sword_of_Fire "Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire")* (2009) *[Let's Bowl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s_Bowl "Let's Bowl")* (2001–02) *[Lewis Black's Root of All Evil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Black%27s_Root_of_All_Evil "Lewis Black's Root of All Evil")* (2008) *[Lil' Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil%27_Bush "Lil' Bush")* (2007–08) *[Live at Gotham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_at_Gotham "Live at Gotham")* (2006–09) *[Michael & Michael Have Issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_%26_Michael_Have_Issues "Michael & Michael Have Issues")* (2009) *[Mind of Mencia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_of_Mencia "Mind of Mencia")* (2005–08) *[The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Naked_Trucker_and_T-Bones_Show "The Naked Trucker and T-Bones Show")* (2007) *[Primetime Glick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Glick "Primetime Glick")* (2001–03) *[Reality Bites Back](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Bites_Back "Reality Bites Back")* (2008) *[Reno 911\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno_911! "Reno 911!")* (2003–09) *[The Sarah Silverman Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sarah_Silverman_Program "The Sarah Silverman Program")* (2007–10) *[Secret Girlfriend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Girlfriend "Secret Girlfriend")* (2009) *[Shorties Watchin' Shorties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorties_Watchin%27_Shorties "Shorties Watchin' Shorties")* (2004) *[The Showbiz Show with David Spade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Showbiz_Show_with_David_Spade "The Showbiz Show with David Spade")* (2005–07) *[Stella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_\(American_TV_series\) "Stella (American TV series)")* (2005) *[Straight Plan for the Gay Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_Plan_for_the_Gay_Man "Straight Plan for the Gay Man")* (2004) *[Strip Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strip_Mall "Strip Mall")* (2000–01) *[That's My Bush\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%27s_My_Bush! "That's My Bush!")* (2001) *[Too Late with Adam Carolla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Too_Late_with_Adam_Carolla "Too Late with Adam Carolla")* (2005) *[Tosh.0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosh.0 "Tosh.0")* (2009–20) *[Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tough_Crowd_with_Colin_Quinn "Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn")* (2003–04) *[Travel Sick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel_Sick "Travel Sick")* (2001–02) *[Trigger Happy TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigger_Happy_TV#US_version "Trigger Happy TV")* (2003) *[TV Funhouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Funhouse "TV Funhouse")* (2000–01) *[Wanda Does It](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanda_Does_It "Wanda Does It")* (2004) *[Weekends at the D.L.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekends_at_the_D.L. "Weekends at the D.L.")* (2005) |
| 2010s debuts | *[@midnight with Chris Hardwick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/@midnight "@midnight")* (2013–17) *[Adam Devine's House Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Devine%27s_House_Party "Adam Devine's House Party")* (2013–16) *[Alternatino with Arturo Castro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatino_with_Arturo_Castro "Alternatino with Arturo Castro")* (2019) *[Another Period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Period "Another Period")* (2015–18) *[The Ben Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ben_Show "The Ben Show")* (2013) *[The Benson Interruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Benson_Interruption "The Benson Interruption")* (2010) *[Big Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Lake_\(TV_series\) "Big Lake (TV series)")* (2010) *[Big Time in Hollywood, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Time_in_Hollywood,_FL "Big Time in Hollywood, FL")* (2015) *[Brickleberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickleberry "Brickleberry")* (2012–15) *[Broad City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_City "Broad City")* (2014–19) *[Brody Stevens: Enjoy It\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brody_Stevens:_Enjoy_It! "Brody Stevens: Enjoy It!")* (2013–14) *[The Burn with Jeff Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Burn_with_Jeff_Ross "The Burn with Jeff Ross")* (2012–13) *[The Comedy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedy_Awards "The Comedy Awards")* (2011–12) *[Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_Stand-Up_Presents "Comedy Central Stand-Up Presents")* (2012-19) *[Comedy Underground with Dave Attell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Underground_with_Dave_Attell "Comedy Underground with Dave Attell")* (2014) *[Corporate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_\(TV_series\) "Corporate (TV series)")* (2018–20) *[Detroiters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroiters "Detroiters")* (2017–18) *[Drunk History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drunk_History "Drunk History")* (2013–19) *[Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Iglesias_Presents_Stand_Up_Revolution "Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution")* (2011–14) *[The Gorburger Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gorburger_Show "The Gorburger Show")* (2017) *[The High Court with Doug Benson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_High_Court_with_Doug_Benson "The High Court with Doug Benson")* (2017) *[Idiotsitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiotsitter "Idiotsitter")* (2016–17) *[Inside Amy Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_Amy_Schumer "Inside Amy Schumer")* (2013–16) *[Jeff & Some Aliens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_%26_Some_Aliens "Jeff & Some Aliens")* (2017) *[The Jeselnik Offensive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jeselnik_Offensive "The Jeselnik Offensive")* (2013) *[The Jim Jefferies Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jim_Jefferies_Show "The Jim Jefferies Show")* (2017–19) *[John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Oliver%27s_New_York_Stand-Up_Show "John Oliver's New York Stand-Up Show")* (2010–13) *[Jon Benjamin Has a Van](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Benjamin_Has_a_Van "Jon Benjamin Has a Van")* (2011) *[Key & Peele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_%26_Peele "Key & Peele")* (2012–15) *[Klepper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klepper_\(TV_series\) "Klepper (TV series)")* (2019) *[Kroll Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroll_Show "Kroll Show")* (2013–15) *[Legends of Chamberlain Heights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legends_of_Chamberlain_Heights "Legends of Chamberlain Heights")* (2016–17) *[Lights Out with David Spade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lights_Out_with_David_Spade "Lights Out with David Spade")* (2019–20) *[The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Meltdown_with_Jonah_and_Kumail "The Meltdown with Jonah and Kumail")* (2014–16) *[Moonbeam City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moonbeam_City "Moonbeam City")* (2015) *[Nathan for You](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_for_You "Nathan for You")* (2013–17) *[Nick Swardson's Pretend Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Swardson%27s_Pretend_Time "Nick Swardson's Pretend Time")* (2010–11) *[The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nightly_Show_with_Larry_Wilmore "The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore")* (2015–16) *[Not Safe with Nikki Glaser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_Safe_with_Nikki_Glaser "Not Safe with Nikki Glaser")* (2016) *[Onion SportsDome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion_SportsDome "Onion SportsDome")* (2011) *[The Opposition with Jordan Klepper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Opposition_with_Jordan_Klepper "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper")* (2017–18) *[The Other Two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Other_Two "The Other Two")* (2019) *[The President Show](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_President_Show "The President Show")* (2017) *[Problematic with Moshe Kasher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problematic_with_Moshe_Kasher "Problematic with Moshe Kasher")* (2017) *[Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Review_\(TV_series\) "Review (TV series)")* (2014–17) *[South Side](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Side_\(TV_series\) "South Side (TV series)")* (2019) *[Sports Show with Norm Macdonald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Show_with_Norm_Macdonald "Sports Show with Norm Macdonald")* (2011) *[This Is Not Happening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Is_Not_Happening_\(TV_series\) "This Is Not Happening (TV series)")* (2015–19) *[Time Traveling Bong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Traveling_Bong "Time Traveling Bong")* (2016) *[TripTank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TripTank "TripTank")* (2014–16) *[Ugly Americans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly_Americans_\(TV_series\) "Ugly Americans (TV series)")* (2010–12) *[Why? with Hannibal Buress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why%3F_with_Hannibal_Buress "Why? with Hannibal Buress")* (2015) *[Workaholics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workaholics "Workaholics")* (2011–17) |
| 2020s debuts | *[Awkwafina Is Nora from Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awkwafina_Is_Nora_from_Queens "Awkwafina Is Nora from Queens")* (2020–23) *[Fairview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairview_\(TV_series\) "Fairview (TV series)")* (2022) *[Hell of a Week with Charlamagne tha God](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_of_a_Week_with_Charlamagne_tha_God "Hell of a Week with Charlamagne tha God")* (2021–22) *[Robbie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_\(TV_series\) "Robbie (TV series)")* (2020) *[Tooning Out the News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooning_Out_the_News "Tooning Out the News")* (2022–23) |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16538#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/292708258) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/7568891-8) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00073388) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb162127975) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb162127975) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=unn2008451108&CON_LNG=ENG) [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/9060963) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007289808205171) |
| Other | [IdRef](https://www.idref.fr/175089094) |
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Park&oldid=1345963152>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [South Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:South_Park "Category:South Park")
- [1990s American adult animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_adult_animated_television_series "Category:1990s American adult animated television series")
- [1990s American animated comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_animated_comedy_television_series "Category:1990s American animated comedy television series")
- [1990s American black comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_black_comedy_television_series "Category:1990s American black comedy television series")
- [1990s American LGBTQ-related animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_LGBTQ-related_animated_television_series "Category:1990s American LGBTQ-related animated television series")
- [1990s American satirical television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_satirical_television_series "Category:1990s American satirical television series")
- [1990s American school television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_school_television_series "Category:1990s American school television series")
- [1990s American sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_sitcoms "Category:1990s American sitcoms")
- [1990s American surreal comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1990s_American_surreal_comedy_television_series "Category:1990s American surreal comedy television series")
- [1997 American animated television series debuts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1997_American_animated_television_series_debuts "Category:1997 American animated television series debuts")
- [2000s American adult animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_adult_animated_television_series "Category:2000s American adult animated television series")
- [2000s American animated comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_animated_comedy_television_series "Category:2000s American animated comedy television series")
- [2000s American black comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_black_comedy_television_series "Category:2000s American black comedy television series")
- [2000s American LGBTQ-related animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_LGBTQ-related_animated_television_series "Category:2000s American LGBTQ-related animated television series")
- [2000s American satirical television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_satirical_television_series "Category:2000s American satirical television series")
- [2000s American school television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_school_television_series "Category:2000s American school television series")
- [2000s American sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_sitcoms "Category:2000s American sitcoms")
- [2000s American surreal comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2000s_American_surreal_comedy_television_series "Category:2000s American surreal comedy television series")
- [2010s American adult animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_adult_animated_television_series "Category:2010s American adult animated television series")
- [2010s American animated comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_animated_comedy_television_series "Category:2010s American animated comedy television series")
- [2010s American black comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_black_comedy_television_series "Category:2010s American black comedy television series")
- [2010s American LGBTQ-related animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_LGBTQ-related_animated_television_series "Category:2010s American LGBTQ-related animated television series")
- [2010s American satirical television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_satirical_television_series "Category:2010s American satirical television series")
- [2010s American school television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_school_television_series "Category:2010s American school television series")
- [2010s American sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_sitcoms "Category:2010s American sitcoms")
- [2010s American surreal comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_American_surreal_comedy_television_series "Category:2010s American surreal comedy television series")
- [2020s American adult animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_adult_animated_television_series "Category:2020s American adult animated television series")
- [2020s American animated comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_animated_comedy_television_series "Category:2020s American animated comedy television series")
- [2020s American black comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_black_comedy_television_series "Category:2020s American black comedy television series")
- [2020s American LGBTQ-related animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_LGBTQ-related_animated_television_series "Category:2020s American LGBTQ-related animated television series")
- [2020s American satirical television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_satirical_television_series "Category:2020s American satirical television series")
- [2020s American school television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_school_television_series "Category:2020s American school television series")
- [2020s American sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_sitcoms "Category:2020s American sitcoms")
- [2020s American surreal comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2020s_American_surreal_comedy_television_series "Category:2020s American surreal comedy television series")
- [American adult animated comedy television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_adult_animated_comedy_television_series "Category:American adult animated comedy television series")
- [American adult computer-animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_adult_computer-animated_television_series "Category:American adult computer-animated television series")
- [American animated sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_animated_sitcoms "Category:American animated sitcoms")
- [American animated television series about children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_animated_television_series_about_children "Category:American animated television series about children")
- [English-language American television shows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:English-language_American_television_shows "Category:English-language American television shows")
- [American television series with live action and animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_television_series_with_live_action_and_animation "Category:American television series with live action and animation")
- [Animated satirical television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Animated_satirical_television_series "Category:Animated satirical television series")
- [Censored television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Censored_television_series "Category:Censored television series")
- [Culture of Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Colorado "Category:Culture of Colorado")
- [Culture of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_United_States "Category:Culture of the United States")
- [Comedy Central animated television series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comedy_Central_animated_television_series "Category:Comedy Central animated television series")
- [Comedy Central sitcoms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Comedy_Central_sitcoms "Category:Comedy Central sitcoms")
- [Counterculture of the 1990s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counterculture_of_the_1990s "Category:Counterculture of the 1990s")
- [Counterculture of the 2000s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counterculture_of_the_2000s "Category:Counterculture of the 2000s")
- [Counterculture of the 2010s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counterculture_of_the_2010s "Category:Counterculture of the 2010s")
- [Counterculture of the 2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Counterculture_of_the_2020s "Category:Counterculture of the 2020s")
- [Fictional populated places in Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fictional_populated_places_in_Colorado "Category:Fictional populated places in Colorado")
- [Peabody Award–winning television programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Peabody_Award%E2%80%93winning_television_programs "Category:Peabody Award–winning television programs")
- [Television series created by Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Television_series_created_by_Matt_Stone "Category:Television series created by Matt Stone")
- [Television series created by Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Television_series_created_by_Trey_Parker "Category:Television series created by Trey Parker")
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*South Park*
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park) |
| Readable Markdown | | *South Park* | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park.png)Title card featuring the four main characters: [Stan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Kenny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick"), and [Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") | |
| Genre | [Animated sitcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_sitcom "Animated sitcom") [Black comedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy "Black comedy") [Comedy drama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_drama "Comedy drama") [Satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") |
| Created by | [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") |
| Showrunners | Trey Parker Matt Stone |
| Voices of | Trey Parker Matt Stone [Mary Kay Bergman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kay_Bergman "Mary Kay Bergman") [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes") [Eliza Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Schneider "Eliza Schneider") [Mona Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Marshall "Mona Marshall") [April Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Stewart "April Stewart") [Adrien Beard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Beard "Adrien Beard") |
| Theme music composer | [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)") |
| Composers | Adam Berry Scott Nickoley Jamie Dunlap |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 28 |
| No. of episodes | 338 ([list of episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes")) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Trey Parker Matt Stone Brian Graden [Deborah Liebling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Liebling "Deborah Liebling") Frank C. Agnone II Bruce Howell [Anne Garefino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Garefino "Anne Garefino") |
| Producers | [Vernon Chatman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Chatman "Vernon Chatman") [Eric Stough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Stough "Eric Stough") Bruce Howell Adrien Beard Jack Shih |
| Cinematography | Kenny Gioseffi |
| Running time | 22 minutes[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-1) |
| Production companies | [Comedy Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Partners "Comedy Partners") South Park Studios[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-2) Celluloid Studios (pilot) |
| Original release | |
| Network | [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") |
| Release | August 13, 1997 – present |
| Related | |
| *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")* | |
***South Park*** is an American [animated sitcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animated_sitcom "Animated sitcom") created by [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") and [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") for [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). The series revolves around four boys—[Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman"), and [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick")—and their adventures in and around the titular [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") town. *South Park* also features many recurring characters. The series became infamous for its [profanity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profanity "Profanity") and [dark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy "Black comedy"), [surreal humor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surreal_humor "Surreal humor") that [satirizes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") a [large range of subject matter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject_matter_in_South_Park "Subject matter in South Park").
Parker and Stone developed *South Park* from two animated short films, both titled *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")*, released in 1992 and 1995. The second short became one of the first [viral](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video") Internet videos, leading to the series' production. The [pilot episode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_episode "Pilot episode") was produced using [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation"); the remainder of the series uses [computer animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation "Computer animation") based on the cutout technique. Since the fourth season, episodes have generally been written and produced during the week preceding their broadcast, with Parker serving as the lead writer and director.
Since its debut on August 13, 1997, [338 episodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_episodes "List of South Park episodes") of *South Park* have been broadcast. It debuted with great success, consistently earning the highest ratings of any basic cable program. Subsequent ratings have varied, but it remains one of Comedy Central's longest-running programs. In August 2021, *South Park* was renewed through 2027, and a series of television specials was announced for [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+"), the first two of which were released later that year.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-3)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-4) In October 2019, it was announced that [WarnerMedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarnerMedia "WarnerMedia") had acquired exclusive streaming rights to *South Park* starting in June 2020 for [HBO Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HBO_Max "HBO Max").[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-5) After the HBO Max deal expired in late June 2025, on July 21, 2025, Parker and Stone announced a five-year agreement with Paramount+ to stream the series exclusively and to have 10 episodes produced per year.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-2025_deal-6) The [twenty-eighth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_28 "South Park season 28") premiered on October 16, 2025.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-7)
*South Park* has received critical acclaim, and is included in various publications' lists of the [greatest television shows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_television_shows_considered_the_best "List of television shows considered the best"). It has received numerous accolades, including five [Primetime Emmy Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award "Primetime Emmy Award") and a [Peabody Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peabody_Award "Peabody Award"). A theatrical film, *[South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park:_Bigger,_Longer_%26_Uncut "South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut")*, was released in June 1999 to commercial and critical success, garnering an [Academy Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award "Academy Award") nomination. In 2013, *[TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")* ranked *South Park* the tenth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-8)
Premise
Setting and characters
*South Park* centers around four boys: [Stan Marsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Marsh "Stan Marsh"), [Kyle Broflovski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle_Broflovski "Kyle Broflovski"), [Eric Cartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Cartman "Eric Cartman") and [Kenny McCormick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_McCormick "Kenny McCormick"). The boys live in the [fictional small town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_towns_in_animation "List of fictional towns in animation") of South Park, located within the real-life [South Park basin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)") in the [Rocky Mountains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountains "Rocky Mountains") of central [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"),[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9) approximately a one-hour drive from [Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver "Denver").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-10) The town is also home to an [assortment of other characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Park_characters "List of South Park characters"), including students, families, and elementary school staff.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) Prominent settings include South Park Elementary, various neighborhoods and the surrounding mountain range, actual Colorado landmarks, and the businesses along the town's main street, all of which are based on the appearance of similar locations in [Fairplay, Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairplay,_Colorado "Fairplay, Colorado").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) As one of the few television programs set in the [Mountain West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_states "Mountain states") region that takes place outside the urban core of Denver, *South Park* frequently features the unique culture of the region, including cattle ranchers, Old West theme parks, snowy climates, mountaineering, [Mormons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormons "Mormons"), real-life Colorado locations such as [Casa Bonita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Bonita "Casa Bonita") and [Cave of the Winds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Winds_\(Colorado\) "Cave of the Winds (Colorado)"), and many other regionally specific characteristics.
Stan is portrayed as an average American boy; however, he has many mishaps throughout the series. In the first 22 seasons, Stan lived in South Park, but in the episodes during and after [season 22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_22 "South Park season 22"), Stan resided in Tegridy Farms. Kyle is [Jewish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Jews "American Jews"), and his portrayal as one of the few such people in South Park is often satirized.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) Stan is modeled after Parker, while Kyle is modeled after Stone. They are best friends, and their friendship, symbolically intended to reflect Parker and Stone's friendship,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) is a common topic throughout the series. Cartman (as he is commonly referred to) is amoral and increasingly [psychopathic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychopathy "Psychopathy"), and is commonly portrayed as an [antagonist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonist "Antagonist"). His staunch [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism "Antisemitism") has resulted in a progressive rivalry with Kyle.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-NPR-14) Kenny, who comes from a poor family, tightly wears his [parka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parka "Parka") hood to the point where it obscures most of his face and muffles his speech. During the first five seasons, Kenny died in almost every episode, only to reappear in the next with no clear explanation. He was killed off in the [fifth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)") episode "[Kenny Dies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Dies "Kenny Dies")", before being reintroduced in the sixth season finale, "[Red Sleigh Down](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sleigh_Down "Red Sleigh Down")". Since then, Kenny has been depicted as dying sporadically. The children were in [third grade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_grade "Third grade") for the first three seasons and have been in [fourth grade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_grade "Fourth grade") since the show's [fourth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-11jan2005-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-8oct2008-16)
Plots are often set in motion by events, ranging from the fairly typical to the supernatural and extraordinary, which frequently happen in the town.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17) The boys often act as the voice of reason when these events cause panic or incongruous behavior among the adult populace, who are customarily depicted as irrational, gullible, and prone to overreaction.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-statesman-9)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18) They are frequently confused by the contradictory and hypocritical behavior of their parents and other adults, and often perceive them as having distorted views on morality and society.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvamerica-19)
Themes and style
Each episode opens with a [tongue-in-cheek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongue-in-cheek "Tongue-in-cheek") [all persons fictitious disclaimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_persons_fictitious_disclaimer "All persons fictitious disclaimer"): "All characters and events in this show—even those based on real people—are entirely fictional. All celebrity voices are impersonated.....poorly. The following program contains coarse language and due to its content it should not be viewed by anyone."[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-21)
*South Park* was the first weekly program to be rated [TV-MA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-MA "TV-MA"),[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-psu-22) and is generally intended for adult audiences.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) The boys and most other child characters use strong profanity, with only the most taboo words being [bleeped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleep_censor "Bleep censor") during a typical broadcast.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) Parker and Stone perceive this as the manner in which real-life small boys speak when they are alone.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-avr-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc4-27)
*South Park* commonly makes use of [carnivalesque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnivalesque "Carnivalesque") and [absurdist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absurdist_fiction "Absurdist fiction") techniques,[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blame-28) numerous [running gags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_gag "Running gag"),[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-crude-30) [violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_violence "Graphic violence"),[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-crude-30)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trash-31) [sexual content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_content "Sexual content"),[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-32)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-33) offhand pop-cultural references, and satirical portrayal of celebrities.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)
Early episodes tended to be [shock value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_value "Shock value")\-oriented and featured more slapstick-style humor.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trendy-35) While social [satire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satire "Satire") had been used on the show occasionally earlier on, it became more prevalent as the series progressed, with the show retaining some of its focus on the boys' fondness of [scatological humor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet_humour "Toilet humour") in an attempt to remind adult viewers "what it was like to be eight years old".[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) Parker and Stone also began further developing other characters by giving them larger roles in certain storylines,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) and began writing plots as parables based on religion, politics, and numerous other topics.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11) This provided the opportunity for the show to spoof both extreme sides of contentious issues,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) while lampooning both [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism "Liberalism") and [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism "Conservatism") points of view.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) Rebecca Raphael described the show as "an equal opportunity offender",[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17) while Parker and Stone describe their main purpose as to "be funny" and "make people laugh",[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) while stating that no particular topic or group of people be exempt from mockery and satire.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland2-40)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv-41)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42)
Parker and Stone insist that the show is still more about "kids being kids" and "what it's like to be in \[elementary school\] in [America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States")",[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rocky-43) stating that the introduction of a more satirical element to the series was the result of the two adding more of a "moral center" to the show so that it would rely less on simply being crude and shocking in an attempt to maintain an audience.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) While profane, Parker notes that there is still an "underlying sweetness" aspect to the child characters,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) and *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* described the boys as "sometimes cruel but with a core of innocence".[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) Usually, the boys or other characters pondered over what transpired during an episode and conveyed the important lesson taken from it with a short monologue. During earlier seasons, this speech commonly began with a variation of the phrase "You know, I've learned something today...".[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philo-44)
Development
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trey_Parker_and_Matt_Stone_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
*South Park* creators [Trey Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trey_Parker "Trey Parker") (left) and [Matt Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Stone "Matt Stone") continue to do most of the writing, directing and voice acting on the show.
Parker and Stone met in film class at the [University of Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder "University of Colorado at Boulder") in 1992 and discovered a shared love of [Monty Python](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python "Monty Python"), which they often cite as one of their primary inspirations.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-montypython-45) They created an [animated short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_subject "Short subject") entitled *[The Spirit of Christmas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Christmas_\(short_films\) "The Spirit of Christmas (short films)")*.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29) The film was created by animating construction paper cutouts with [stop motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_motion "Stop motion"), and features [prototypes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype "Prototype") of the main characters of *South Park*, including a character resembling Cartman but named "Kenny", an unnamed character resembling what is today Kenny, and two near-identical unnamed characters who resemble Stan and Kyle. [Fox Broadcasting Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company "Fox Broadcasting Company") executive and mutual friend [Brian Graden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Graden "Brian Graden") commissioned Parker and Stone to create a second short film as a video Christmas card. Created in 1995, the second *The Spirit of Christmas* short resembled the style of the later series more closely.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-46) To differentiate between the two homonymous shorts, the first short is often referred to as *Jesus vs. Frosty*, and the second short as *Jesus vs. Santa*. Graden sent copies of the video to several of his friends, and from there it was copied and distributed, including on the internet, where it became one of the first [viral videos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_video "Viral video").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)
As *Jesus vs. Santa* became more popular, Parker and Stone began talks of developing the short into a television series about four children residing in a fictional [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado") town in the real-life [South Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)") basin. Fox eagerly agreed to meet with the duo about the show's premise, having prided itself on edgier products such as [*Cops*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cops_\(TV_program\) "Cops (TV program)"), *[The Simpsons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simpsons "The Simpsons")*, and *[The X-Files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_X-Files "The X-Files")*. However, during the meeting at the Fox office in [Century City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century_City "Century City"), disagreements between the two creators and the network began to arise, mainly over the latter's refusal to air a show that included a supporting talking stool character named [Mr. Hankey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Hankey "Mr. Hankey"). Some executives at [20th Century Fox Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television "20th Century Fox Television") (which was to produce the series) agreed with its then-sister network's stance on Mr. Hankey and repeatedly requested Parker and Stone to remove the character in order for the show to proceed. Refusing to meet their demands, the duo cut ties with Fox and its sister companies all together and began shopping the series somewhere else.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-47)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-48)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-49)
The two then entered negotiations with both [MTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV "MTV") and [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). Parker preferred the show be produced by Comedy Central, fearing that MTV would turn it into a kids show.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) When Comedy Central executive [Doug Herzog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Herzog "Doug Herzog") watched the short, he commissioned for it to be developed into a series.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51) Parker and Stone assembled a small staff and spent three months creating the [pilot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_pilot "Television pilot") episode "[Cartman Gets an Anal Probe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Gets_an_Anal_Probe "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe")".[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) *South Park* was in danger of being canceled before it even aired when the show fared poorly with test audiences, particularly with women. However, the shorts were still gaining more popularity over the Internet, and Comedy Central ordered a run of six episodes.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) *South Park* debuted with "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe" on August 13, 1997.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously227-53)
Production
Except for the pilot episode, which was produced using [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation"), all episodes of *South Park* are created with the use of software, primarily [Autodesk Maya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Maya "Autodesk Maya").[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-54) As opposed to the pilot, which took three months to complete,[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) and other animated sitcoms, which are traditionally [hand-drawn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_animation "Traditional animation") by companies in [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") in a process that takes roughly eight to nine months,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) individual episodes of *South Park* take significantly less time to produce. Using computers as an animation method, the show's production staff were able to generate an episode in about three weeks during the first seasons.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cheesy-56) Now, with a staff of about 70 people, episodes are typically completed in one week,[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) with some in as little as three to four days.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesstudy-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-19mar2004-58)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-59) Nearly the entire production of an episode is accomplished within one set of offices, which were originally at a complex in [Westwood, Los Angeles, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westwood,_Los_Angeles,_California "Westwood, Los Angeles, California") and are now part of South Park Studios in [Culver City, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culver_City,_California "Culver City, California").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) Parker and Stone have been the show's executive producers throughout its entire history.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-garefino-60) [Debbie Liebling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie_Liebling "Debbie Liebling"), who was Senior Vice President of original programming and development for Comedy Central, also served as an executive producer during the show's first five seasons, coordinating the show's production efforts between South Park Studios and Comedy Central's headquarters in New York City.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-62) During its early stages, finished episodes of *South Park* were hastily recorded to [D-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-2_\(video\) "D-2 (video)") to be sent to [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central") for airing in just a few days' time.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-63) Each episode used to cost \$250,000.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-64)
Writing
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Elianandkenny.jpg)
The Border Patrol raid during the [Elián González](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez "Elián González") affair is referenced in "[Quintuplets 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintuplets_2000 "Quintuplets 2000")", which aired within the same week the event occurred.
Scripts are not written before a season begins.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lear-65) Production of an episode begins on a Thursday, with the show's writing consultants [brainstorming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorming "Brainstorming") with Parker and Stone. Former staff writers include [Pam Brady](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Brady "Pam Brady"), who has since written scripts for the films *[Hot Rod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Rod_\(2007_film\) "Hot Rod (2007 film)")*, *[Hamlet 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_2 "Hamlet 2")* and *[Team America: World Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_America:_World_Police "Team America: World Police")* (with Parker and Stone), and [Nancy Pimental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Pimental "Nancy Pimental"), who served as co-host of *[Win Ben Stein's Money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win_Ben_Stein%27s_Money "Win Ben Stein's Money")* and wrote the film *[The Sweetest Thing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sweetest_Thing_\(film\) "The Sweetest Thing (film)")* after her tenure with the show during its first three seasons.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-66)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-67) Television producer and writer [Norman Lear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lear "Norman Lear"), an idol of both Parker and Stone, and who also saw *South Park* as a way to bond with his son Benjamin,[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-68)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-69) served as a guest writing consultant for the [season seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003) episodes "[Cancelled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancelled_\(South_Park\) "Cancelled (South Park)")" and "[I'm a Little Bit Country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m_a_Little_Bit_Country "I'm a Little Bit Country")".[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lear-65)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-70)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-71) During the 12th and 13th seasons, *[Saturday Night Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live "Saturday Night Live")* actor and writer [Bill Hader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hader "Bill Hader") served as a [creative consultant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_consultant "Creative consultant") and co-producer.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-74)
After exchanging ideas, Parker will write a script, and from there the entire team of animators, editors, technicians, and sound engineers will each typically work 100–120 hours in the ensuing week.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) Since the show's [fourth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000), Parker has assumed most of the show's directorial duties, while Stone relinquished his share of the directing to focus on handling the coordination and business aspects of the production.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-75) On Wednesday, a completed episode is sent to Comedy Central's headquarters via satellite uplink, sometimes just a few hours before its air time of 10 PM [Eastern Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone "Eastern Time Zone").[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sps40-76)
Parker and Stone state that subjecting themselves to a one-week deadline creates more spontaneity amongst themselves in the creative process, which they feel results in a funnier show.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29) The schedule also allows *South Park* to both stay more topical and respond more quickly to specific current events than other satiric animated shows.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc3-77) One of the earliest examples of this was in the [season four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000) episode "[Quintuplets 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintuplets_2000 "Quintuplets 2000")", which references the [United States Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol")'s raid of a house during the [Elián González affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez_affair "Elián González affair"), an event which occurred only four days before the episode originally aired.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-78) The [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) episode "[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(South_Park\) "Best Friends Forever (South Park)")" references the [Terri Schiavo case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case "Terri Schiavo case"),[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc4-27)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-loudlewd2-36) and originally aired in the midst of the controversy and less than 12 hours before she died.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesarts-79) A scene in the [season seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003) finale "[It's Christmas in Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s_Christmas_in_Canada "It's Christmas in Canada")" references the discovery of dictator [Saddam Hussein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein "Saddam Hussein") in a "spider hole" and his subsequent [capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Red_Dawn "Operation Red Dawn"), which happened a mere three days prior to the episode airing.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-19dec2003-80) The [season 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)") (2008) episode "[About Last Night...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/About_Last_Night..._\(South_Park\) "About Last Night... (South Park)")" revolves around [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")'s victory in the [2008 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election "2008 United States presidential election"), and aired less than 24 hours after Obama was declared the winner, using segments of dialogue from Obama's real victory speech.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-IGNobama-81)
On October 16, 2013, the show failed to meet their production deadline for the first time ever, after a power outage on October 15 at the production studio prevented the episode, season 17's "[Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goth_Kids_3:_Dawn_of_the_Posers "Goth Kids 3: Dawn of the Posers")", from being finished in time. The episode was rescheduled to air a week later on October 23, 2013.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Power_Outage-82)
Animation
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Park_production_comparison.png)
The various stages of production (from top to bottom): the storyboard sketch, the CorelDRAW props with stock character models, and a frame from the fully rendered episode, "[Super Fun Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Fun_Time "Super Fun Time")"
The show's style of animation is inspired by the paper cut-out cartoons made by [Terry Gilliam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Gilliam "Terry Gilliam") for *[Monty Python's Flying Circus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus "Monty Python's Flying Circus")*, of which Parker and Stone have been lifelong fans.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-18apr2001-83) [Construction paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_paper "Construction paper") and traditional [stop motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_motion "Stop motion") [cutout animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation") techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode. Subsequent episodes have been produced by [computer animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_animation "Computer animation"), providing a similar look to the originals while requiring a fraction of the time to produce. Before computer artists begin animating an episode, a series of [animatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_animation "Traditional animation") drawn in [Toon Boom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toon_Boom "Toon Boom") are provided by the show's storyboard artists.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-84)
The characters and objects are composed of simple geometrical shapes and [primary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_color "Primary color") and [secondary colors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_color "Secondary color"). Most child characters are the same size and shape, and are distinguished by their clothing, hair and skin colors, and headwear.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvamerica-19) Characters are mostly presented two-dimensionally and from only one angle. Their movements are animated in an intentionally jerky fashion, as they are purposely not offered the same free range of motion associated with hand-drawn characters.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-autogenerated2-85) Occasionally, some non-fictional characters are depicted with photographic cutouts of their actual head and face in lieu of a face reminiscent of the show's traditional style. Canadians on the show are often portrayed in an even more minimalist fashion; they have simple beady eyes, and the top halves of their heads simply flap up and down when the characters speak.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland2-40)
When the show began using computers, the cardboard cutouts were scanned and re-drawn with [CorelDRAW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CorelDRAW "CorelDRAW"), then imported into [PowerAnimator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerAnimator "PowerAnimator"), which was used with [SGI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphics "Silicon Graphics") workstations to animate the characters.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) The workstations were linked to a 54-processor [render farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Render_farm "Render farm") that could render 10 to 15 [shots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shot_\(filmmaking\) "Shot (filmmaking)") an hour.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) Beginning with [season five](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)"), the animators began using [Maya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_Maya "Autodesk Maya") instead of PowerAnimator.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-14may2001-86) As of 2012, the studio ran a 120-processor render farm that can produce 30 or more shots an hour.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52)
PowerAnimator and Maya are high-end programs mainly used for [3D computer graphics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics "3D computer graphics"), while co-producer and former animation director [Eric Stough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Stough "Eric Stough") notes that PowerAnimator was initially chosen because its features helped animators retain the show's "homemade" look.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) PowerAnimator was also used for making some of the show's visual effects,[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) which are now created using [Motion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_\(software\) "Motion (software)"),[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-apple-52) a newer graphics program created by [Apple, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple,_Inc. "Apple, Inc.") for their [Mac OS X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X "Mac OS X") [operating system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system "Operating system"). The show's visual quality has improved in recent seasons,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12) though several other techniques are used to intentionally preserve the cheap cutout animation look.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cheesy-56)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ars3-87)
A few episodes feature sections of [live-action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live-action "Live-action") footage, while others have incorporated other styles of animation. Portions of the [season eight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_8\) "South Park (season 8)") (2004) premiere "[Good Times with Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Times_with_Weapons "Good Times with Weapons")" are done in [anime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime "Anime") style, while the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") episode "[Make Love, Not Warcraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Love,_Not_Warcraft "Make Love, Not Warcraft")" is done partly in [machinima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machinima "Machinima").[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-88) The [season 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)") episode "[Major Boobage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Boobage "Major Boobage")", a homage to the 1981 animated film *[Heavy Metal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Metal_\(film\) "Heavy Metal (film)")*, implements scenes accomplished with [rotoscoping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotoscoping "Rotoscoping").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-89)
Voice cast
Parker and Stone voice most of the male *South Park* characters.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesmorals-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-growsup2-12)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) [Mary Kay Bergman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Kay_Bergman "Mary Kay Bergman") voiced the majority of the female characters until her death in November 1999. [Mona Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Marshall "Mona Marshall") and [Eliza Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliza_Schneider "Eliza Schneider") succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its [seventh season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_7\) "South Park (season 7)") (2003). She was replaced by [April Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Stewart "April Stewart"), who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters. Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") and other kid-friendly characters.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ewbergman-91) Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar,[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-92) while Schneider was sometimes credited under her [rock opera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_opera "Rock opera") performance [pseudonym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonym "Pseudonym") Blue Girl.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-93)
Other voice actors and members of *South Park*'s production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while a few staff members voice recurring characters. Supervising producer [Jennifer Howell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Howell "Jennifer Howell") voices student [Bebe Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebe_Stevens "Bebe Stevens");[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) co-producer and storyboard artist [Adrien Beard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrien_Beard "Adrien Beard") voices [Tolkien Black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolkien_Black "Tolkien Black"),[\[nb 1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-94)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-30apr2001-95) who was the school's only [African-American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American "African-American") student until the introduction of Nichole in "[Cartman Finds Love](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Finds_Love "Cartman Finds Love")"; writing consultant [Vernon Chatman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Chatman "Vernon Chatman") voices an [anthropomorphic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropomorphism "Anthropomorphism") towel named [Towelie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towelie_\(character\) "Towelie (character)");[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-23apr2002-90) and production supervisor [John Hansen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hansen_\(voice_actor\) "John Hansen (voice actor)") voices [Mr. Slave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Slave "Mr. Slave"), the former gay lover of [Mr. Garrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Garrison "Mr. Garrison").[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-21nov2003-96) Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-97)
When voicing child characters, the voice actors speak within their normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection. The recorded audio is then edited with [Pro Tools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools "Pro Tools"), and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sps40-76)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-99)
[Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes") voiced the character of [Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_\(South_Park\) "Chef (South Park)"), an African-American, [soul-singing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_music "Soul music") cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-28jun2001-100) Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates, which also included [Lou Rawls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Rawls "Lou Rawls") and [Barry White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_White "Barry White").[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-goindown-101) Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with *South Park*, recorded his dialogue on a digital audio tape while a director gave directions over the phone, after which the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55) After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was [killed off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darth_Chef "Darth Chef") in the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") (2006) premiere "[The Return of Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Return_of_Chef "The Return of Chef")".
Guest stars
Celebrities who are depicted on the show are usually impersonated, though some celebrities do their own voices for the show. Celebrities who have voiced themselves include [Michael Buffer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Buffer "Michael Buffer"),[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-102)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-103) [Brent Musburger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Musburger "Brent Musburger"),[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-104) [Jay Leno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Leno "Jay Leno"),[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-105) [Robert Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smith_\(musician\) "Robert Smith (musician)"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydaily-106) and the bands [Radiohead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohead "Radiohead") and [Korn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn "Korn").[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-107)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mtvkorn-108) Comedy team [Cheech & Chong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheech_%26_Chong "Cheech & Chong") voiced characters representing their likenesses for the [season four](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_4\) "South Park (season 4)") (2000) episode "[Cherokee Hair Tampons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_Hair_Tampons "Cherokee Hair Tampons")", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-109) [Malcolm McDowell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_McDowell "Malcolm McDowell") appears in live-action sequences as the narrator of the season four episode "[Pip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pip_\(South_Park\) "Pip (South Park)")".[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-12nov2008-110)
[Jennifer Aniston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston "Jennifer Aniston"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-20apr2001-111) [Richard Belzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Belzer "Richard Belzer"),[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-112) [Natasha Henstridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natasha_Henstridge "Natasha Henstridge"),[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydaily-106) [Norman Lear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Lear "Norman Lear"),[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-113) and [Peter Serafinowicz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Serafinowicz "Peter Serafinowicz")[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-114) have guest starred as other speaking characters. During *South Park*'s earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show. As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; [George Clooney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Clooney "George Clooney") provided the barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the [season one](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_1\) "South Park (season 1)") (1997) episode "[Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Gay_Al%27s_Big_Gay_Boat_Ride "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride")",[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27oct2001-115) Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale "[Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman%27s_Mom_Is_a_Dirty_Slut "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut")",[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27oct2001-115) and [Henry Winkler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Winkler "Henry Winkler") voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") (1998) episode "[City on the Edge of Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever_\(South_Park\) "City on the Edge of Forever (South Park)")".[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-116) [Jerry Seinfeld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Seinfeld "Jerry Seinfeld") offered to lend his voice for the [Thanksgiving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_\(United_States\) "Thanksgiving (United States)") episode "[Starvin' Marvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvin%27_Marvin_\(South_Park\) "Starvin' Marvin (South Park)")", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as "Turkey \#2".[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-117)
Music
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BLACK_SOUL_SINGER_ISAAC_HAYES_PERFORMS_AT_THE_INTERNATIONAL_AMPHITHEATER_IN_CHICAGO_AS_PART_OF_THE_ANNUAL_PUSH_%27BLACK..._-_NARA_-_556307.jpg)
[Chef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_\(South_Park\) "Chef (South Park)") would often sing in a style reminiscent of that of his voice actor, [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes").
Parker says that the varying uses of music are of utmost importance to *South Park*.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118) Several characters often play or sing songs in order to change or influence a group's behavior, or to educate, motivate, or indoctrinate others. The show also frequently features scenes in which its characters have disapproving reactions to the performances of certain popular musicians.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118)
[Adam Berry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Berry "Adam Berry"), the show's original score composer, used [sound synthesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_synthesis "Sound synthesis") to simulate a small orchestra, and frequently alluded to existing famous pieces of music. Berry also used signature acoustic guitar and mandolin cues as [leitmotifs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitmotif "Leitmotif") for the show's establishing shots.[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-philomusic-118)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-119) After Berry left in 2001, Jamie Dunlap and Scott Nickoley of the Los Angeles-based Mad City Production Studios provided the show's original music for the next seven seasons.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98) Since 2008, Dunlap has been credited as the show's sole score composer.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-showcredits-120) Dunlap's contributions to the show are one of the few that are not achieved at the show's own production offices. Dunlap reads a script, creates a score using digital audio software, and then e-mails the audio file to South Park Studios, where it is edited to fit with the completed episode.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)
In addition to singing in an effort to explain something to the children, Chef would also sing about things relevant to what had transpired in the plot. These songs were original compositions written by Parker, and they were performed by Hayes in the same sexually suggestive [R\&B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues "Rhythm and blues") style he had used during his own music career. The band DVDA, which consists of Parker and Stone, along with show staff members Bruce Howell and D.A. Young, performed the music for these compositions and, until the character's death on the show, were listed as "Chef's Band" in the closing credits.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-method-55)
[Rick James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_James "Rick James"), [Elton John](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elton_John "Elton John"), [Meat Loaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Loaf "Meat Loaf"), [Joe Strummer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Strummer "Joe Strummer"), [Ozzy Osbourne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozzy_Osbourne "Ozzy Osbourne"), [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)"), [Rancid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancid_\(band\) "Rancid (band)"), and [Ween](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ween "Ween") all guest starred and briefly performed in the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") (1998) episode "[Chef Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid "Chef Aid")". Korn debuted their single "[Falling Away from Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling_Away_from_Me "Falling Away from Me")" as guest stars on the [season three](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_3\) "South Park (season 3)") (1999) episode "[Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korn%27s_Groovy_Pirate_Ghost_Mystery "Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery")".[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mtvkorn-108)
Main theme
The show's [theme song](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theme_song "Theme song") was a musical score performed by the band [Primus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primus_\(band\) "Primus (band)"), with the lyrics alternately sung by the band's lead singer, [Les Claypool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Claypool "Les Claypool"), and the show's four central characters during the opening title sequence. Kenny's muffled lines are altered after every few seasons. His lines are usually [sexually explicit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obscenity "Obscenity") in nature, such as his original lines, "I like girls with big fat titties, I like girls with deep vaginas".[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-121)
The original unaired opening composition was originally slower and had a length of 40 seconds. It was deemed too long for the opening sequence. So Parker and Stone sped it up for the show's opening, having Claypool re-record his vocals. The [instrumental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_music "Instrumental music") version of the original composition is often played during the show's closing credits.[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq-27mar2002-122)
The opening song played in the first four seasons (and the end credits in all seasons) has a [folk rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_rock "Folk rock") instrumentation with [bass guitar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar "Bass guitar"), [trumpets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet "Trumpet") and rhythmic drums. Its [beat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_\(music\) "Beat (music)") is fast in the opening and leisurely in the closing credits. It is in the [minor key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_key "Minor key") and it features a [tritone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritone "Tritone") or a diminished fifth, creating a melodic [dissonance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance "Consonance and dissonance"), which captures the show's surrealistic nature.\[*[how?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\] In the latter parts of seasons 4 and 5, the opening tune has an [electro funk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_funk "Electro funk") arrangement with [pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music "Pop music") qualities. Seasons 6–9 have a sprightly [bluegrass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluegrass_music "Bluegrass music") instrumentation with a usage of [banjo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo "Banjo") and is set in the [major key](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_key "Major key"). For the later seasons, the arrangement is [electro rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro_rock "Electro rock") with a [breakbeat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakbeat "Breakbeat") influence, which feature [electric guitars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_guitars "Electric guitars") backed up by [synthesized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music "Electronic music"), [groovy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove_\(music\) "Groove (music)") drumbeats.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-digizine-98)
The opening theme song has been remixed three times during the course of the series, including a remix performed by [Paul Robb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robb "Paul Robb").[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-robb-123) In 2006, the theme music was remixed with the song "Whamola" by [Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel_Les_Claypool%27s_Fearless_Flying_Frog_Brigade "Colonel Les Claypool's Fearless Flying Frog Brigade"), from the album *[Purple Onion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_Onion_\(album\) "Purple Onion (album)")*.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whamola-124)
Episodes
Distribution
International
*South Park* is broadcast internationally in several countries and territories, including India, New Zealand, and several countries throughout Europe and Latin America on channels that are subsidiaries of Comedy Central and [Paramount Media Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Media_Networks "Paramount Media Networks"), both subsidiaries of Paramount.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-125)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-126) In distribution deals with Comedy Central, other independent networks also broadcast the series in other international markets. In Australia, the show is broadcast on [The Comedy Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedy_Channel "The Comedy Channel"), [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_\(Australia\) "Comedy Central (Australia)") and [free-to-air](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-to-air "Free-to-air") channel [SBS Viceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_Viceland "SBS Viceland") (before 2009), while new episodes aired on [SBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS_\(Australian_TV_channel\) "SBS (Australian TV channel)"). The program also airs free-to-air in Australia on [10 Shake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_Shake "10 Shake"), a sister network to Comedy Central through Paramount.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-127) The series is broadcast uncensored in Canada in English on [The Comedy Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comedy_Network "The Comedy Network")[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-128) and, later, [Much](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_\(TV_channel\) "Much (TV channel)"). The series was formerly broadcast on [Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_\(TV_channel\) "Global (TV channel)"). *South Park* also airs in Irish on [TG4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TG4 "TG4") in Ireland,[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-129) [STV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STV_\(TV_network\) "STV (TV network)") in Scotland,[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-130) [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "Comedy Central (UK and Ireland)") and [MTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "MTV (UK and Ireland)") in the UK (previously on [Sky One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_One "Sky One"), [Channel 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4"), [VIVA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viva_\(UK_and_Ireland\) "Viva (UK and Ireland)") and [5Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5Star "5Star")), [B92](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B92 "B92") in [Serbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia "Serbia"),[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-131) and on [Game One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_One "Game One") and [NRJ 12](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRJ_12 "NRJ 12") in [France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France "France"). In September 2020, SBS, which aired South Park in Australia since 1997, removed South Park from its television line-up, though reruns could air on SBS Viceland.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-132)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-133)
Syndication
[Broadcast syndication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_syndication "Broadcast syndication") rights to *South Park* were acquired by [Debmar-Mercury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debmar-Mercury "Debmar-Mercury") and [Tribune Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribune_Entertainment "Tribune Entertainment") in 2003 and 2004 respectively.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-debmar-134)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-esyndication-135) Episodes further edited for content began running in syndication on September 19, 2005, and were aired in the United States with the [TV-14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV-14-LV "TV-14-LV") rating.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-esyndication-135)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-136) [20th Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Television "20th Television") replaced Tribune as co-distributor in early 2008. By the time its run in syndication ended in 2015,[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-137) it aired in 90 percent of the television markets across the United States and Canada, where it generated an estimated US\$25 million a year in advertising revenue.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-138)[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-139) In 2019, [CBS Television Distribution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_Television_Distribution "CBS Television Distribution") (the syndication arm of ViacomCBS, now known as [Paramount Skydance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Skydance "Paramount Skydance")), took over the full distribution rights following the [acquisition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquisition_of_21st_Century_Fox_by_Disney "Acquisition of 21st Century Fox by Disney") of [21st Century Fox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21st_Century_Fox "21st Century Fox") (parent of 20th Television) by [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") (who had employed Debmar-Mercury founder Mort Marcus as the head of their [syndication division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney-ABC_Domestic_Television "Disney-ABC Domestic Television")), distributing the show in syndication.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-140) In 2021, South Park Studios struck a deal with [ViacomCBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViacomCBS "ViacomCBS"), which allows\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\] the show to be renewed all the way up to season 30 and 14 additional films, enough to carry the show to at least 2027.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-141)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-142)\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\]
Home media
Complete seasons of *South Park* have been regularly released in their entirety on DVD since 2002, with [season twenty-six](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_26 "South Park season 26") being the most recently released. Several other themed DVD compilations have been released by [Rhino Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhino_Entertainment "Rhino Entertainment") and Comedy Central,[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-143) while the three-episode *[Imaginationland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginationland:_The_Movie "Imaginationland: The Movie")* [story arc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_arc "Story arc") was reissued [straight-to-DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-to-video "Direct-to-video") as a full-length feature in 2008.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-144)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-145)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-146) [Blu-ray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray "Blu-ray") releases started in 2008 with the release of [season twelve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_12\) "South Park (season 12)").[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-147) Subsequent seasons have been released in this format alongside the longer-running DVD releases. The first eleven seasons were released on Blu-ray for the first time in December 2017.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvshowsondvd_delay-148)[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-149)
Streaming
In March 2008, Comedy Central made every episode of *South Park* available for free full-length [on-demand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_on_demand "Video on demand") [legal streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media "Streaming media") on the official South Park Studios website.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-news-25mar2008-150) From March 2008 until December 2013, new episodes were added to the site the day following their debut, and an uncensored version was posted the following day. The episode stayed up for the remainder of the week, then taken down, and added to the site three weeks later.
Within a week, the site served more than a million streams of full episodes,[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-news-25mar2008-150) and the number grew to 55 million by October 2008.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-151) Legal issues prevent the U.S. content from being accessible outside the United States,[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-152) so local servers have been set up in other countries.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-153) In September 2009, a South Park Studios website with streaming episodes was launched in the United Kingdom and Ireland.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-154) In Canada, episodes were available for streaming from The Comedy Network's website, though due to digital rights restrictions, they are no longer available.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-155)
In April 2010, the season five episode "[Super Best Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Best_Friends "Super Best Friends")" and the season fourteen episodes "[200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_\(South_Park\) "200 (South Park)")" and "[201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\) "201 (South Park)")" were removed from the site; additionally, these episodes no longer air in reruns and are only available exclusively on DVD and Blu-ray. These episodes remain unavailable following the 2014 purchase by Hulu.
In July 2014, it was announced that [Hulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu "Hulu") had signed a three-year deal purchasing exclusive online streaming rights to *South Park* for a reported \$80 million. Following the announcement every episode remained available for free on the South Park Studios website, using the Hulu [player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_player_\(software\) "Media player (software)"). As of September 2014, following the premiere of the eighteenth season, only 30 select episodes would be featured for free viewing at a time on a rotating basis on the website, with new episodes being available for an entire month starting the day following their original airings. The entire series was available on Hulu by this point.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Hulu2014-156)
As of July 2015, all episodes of *South Park* are available for streaming in Canada on the service [CraveTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CraveTV "CraveTV"), which first consisted of seasons 1–18. Subsequent seasons were released the following July.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-157)
In early October 2019, industry rumors suggested that the streaming rights for *South Park* were being offered to various services, creating an intense bidding war that was estimated to be as high as US\$500 million. HBO and South Park Digital Studios announced that HBO had secured a multi-year deal for the exclusive streaming rights for *South Park* on their [HBO Max](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_\(streaming_service\) "Max (streaming service)") service starting June 24, 2020.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-158) While the terms of the deal were not disclosed, *Variety* reported the deal fell between US\$500 million and US\$550 million.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-159) Beginning with season 25 in 2022, HBO Max posts new episodes the next day after their Comedy Central airing.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-160) Once that deal expires in 2025, [Paramount+](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount%2B "Paramount+") will become the exclusive streaming home. In addition, the season 27 episodes would stream first on Paramount+ before hitting HBO Max.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-161) Though season 27 would have originally aired in 2024, the season was delayed due to what Parker and Stone claimed to be uncertainties about the [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") (mainly the exhaustion of [humor set around Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture")), along with the [merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_of_Skydance_Media_and_Paramount_Global "Merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global").[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-162)
In February 2023, Warner Bros. Discovery filed a lawsuit which claimed that Paramount breached its exclusivity contract with HBO Max by airing *South Park* on its own streaming platform.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-163)
Re-rendered episodes
From its debut in 1997 to the [season twelve finale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ungroundable "The Ungroundable") in 2008 the series had been originally produced in [standard definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_definition "Standard definition"), with a [4:3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullscreen_\(aspect_ratio\) "Fullscreen (aspect ratio)") [aspect ratio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_\(image\) "Aspect ratio (image)"). In 2009, the series switched to being produced in [16:9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio "16:9 aspect ratio") [high definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-definition_television "High-definition television") [1080p](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1080p "1080p") with the beginning of the [thirteenth season](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_13\) "South Park (season 13)").[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164) All twelve seasons originally produced in standard definition have been [remastered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remaster "Remaster") by South Park Studios, being fully [re-rendered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_\(computer_graphics\) "Rendering (computer graphics)") in high definition. The aspect ratio of these episodes was converted from 4:3 to 16:9 as well.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164) The re-rendered versions were also released on Blu-ray. Several of the re-rendered episodes from the earlier seasons have their original uncensored audio tracks; they had previously been released in censored form.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HD-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-165)[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-faq_targetdvd-166)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-167) The series premiere, Cartman Gets an Anal Probe, is the only episode that was animated using [cut-out animation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutout_animation "Cutout animation").[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-168) As a result, it retains its original 4:3 aspect ratio, while all other episodes in Season 1 were re-rendered in 16:9 widescreen. When the South Park team first started using Alia PowerAnimator, they scanned all the available frames into a high-quality version of the episode, for the purpose of reusing the character textures of the first episode as a base for subsequent episodes. Later, during the re-rendering process, they made minor adjustments to the scanned frames to correct errors, including recreating missing frames.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-169)
The fifth-season episode "[Super Best Friends](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Best_Friends "Super Best Friends")", which was pulled from syndication and online streams following the [controversy surrounding episode "201"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\)#Threats_and_censorship "201 (South Park)"), was not released alongside the rest of the season when it was released in HD on iTunes in 2011. The episode was later re-rendered and made available for the Blu-ray release of the season that was released on December 5, 2017.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-tvshowsondvd_delay-148) The episode is presented in its original presentation, without Muhammad's image being obscured as in later episodes of the series.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-170)
Reception
Ratings
When *South Park* debuted, it was a huge ratings success for Comedy Central and is seen as being largely responsible for the success of the channel, with Herzog crediting it for putting the network "on the map".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytad-51)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171)
The show's first episode, "[Cartman Gets an Anal Probe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman_Gets_an_Anal_Probe "Cartman Gets an Anal Probe")", earned a [Nielsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nielsen_ratings "Nielsen ratings") rating of 1.3 (980,000 viewers), at the time considered high for a [cable program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_television_in_the_United_States "Cable television in the United States").[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) The show instantly generated buzz among television viewers, and mass viewing parties began assembling on college campuses.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-whois-17)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) By the time the eighth episode, "[Starvin' Marvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvin%27_Marvin_\(South_Park\) "Starvin' Marvin (South Park)")", aired—three months after the show debuted—ratings and viewership had tripled, and *South Park* was already the most successful show in Comedy Central's history.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-sfrubin-25) When the tenth episode "[Damien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_\(South_Park\) "Damien (South Park)")" aired the following February, viewership increased another 33 percent. The episode earned a 6.4 rating, which at the time was over 10 times the average rating earned by a cable show aired in [prime time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_time "Prime time").[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) The ratings peaked with the second episode of [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)"), "[Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartman%27s_Mom_Is_Still_a_Dirty_Slut "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut")", which aired on April 22, 1998. The episode earned an 8.2 rating (6.2 million viewers) and, at the time, set a record as the highest-rated non-sports show in basic cable history.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-augusta_trash-31)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39)[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) During the spring of 1998, eight of the ten highest-rated shows on basic cable were *South Park* episodes.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24) *South Park's* second season would average a 5.8 rating (12.5 million viewers) which was a lower rating due to Comedy Central's households being much higher.\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\]
The success of *South Park* prompted more cable companies to carry Comedy Central and led it to its becoming one of the fastest-growing cable channels. The number of households that had Comedy Central jumped from 9.1 million in 1997 to 50 million in June 1998.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) When the show debuted, the most Comedy Central had earned for a 30-second commercial was US\$7,500.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimescarter-23) Within a year, advertisers were paying an average of US\$40,000 for 30 seconds of advertising time during airings of *South Park* in its second season, while some paid as much as US\$80,000.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon-172)
By the third season (1999), the series' ratings began to decrease.[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-173) The third-season premiere episode drew 3.4 million viewers, a dramatic drop from the 5.5 million of the previous season's premiere.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Stone and Parker attributed this drop in the show's ratings to the media hype that surrounded the show in the previous year, adding that the third season ratings reflected the show's "true" fan base.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Regardless the viewership stayed consistent with an average rating being between 3.0 (8 million viewers) to a 5.5 (17.5 million viewers). The show's ratings dropped further in its fourth season (2000), with episodes averaging just above 1.5 million viewers (though the season premiere would get 22.1 million viewers due to the hype caused by the movie). The ratings eventually increased, and seasons five through nine consistently averaged about 3 million viewers per episode.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bc68-171) Season 8's episode "Goobacks" would have *South Park*'s viewership peak at 30 million viewers. Seasons 10 to 12 would average 5 million viewers. Though its viewership is lower than it was at the height of its popularity in its earliest seasons, *South Park* remains one of the highest-rated series on Comedy Central.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-174) The [season 14](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_14\) "South Park (season 14)") (2010) premiere gained 3.7 million viewers, the show's highest-rated season premiere since 1998.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-175) In 2016, a *[New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times")* study of the 50 TV shows with the most [Facebook Likes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Like "Facebook Like") found that "perhaps unsurprisingly, South Park ... is most popular in Colorado".[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-katz20161227-176) Subsequent seasons saw substantially lower ratings, though after taking on [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") directly in [season 27](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_season_27 "South Park season 27"), ratings jumped to over 6.2 million viewers cross-platform, the show's highest since 2018.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-177)
Recognitions and awards
In 2004, [Channel 4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_4 "Channel 4") voted *South Park* the third-greatest cartoon of all time.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-100GrestCartns-178) In 2007, *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* magazine included the show on its list of the "100 Best TV Shows of All Time", proclaiming it as "America's best source of rapid-fire satire for \[the past\] decade".[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-179) The same year, *[Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone "Rolling Stone")* declared it to be the funniest show on television since its debut 10 years prior.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-180) In 2008, *South Park* was named the 12th-greatest TV show of the past 25 years by *[Entertainment Weekly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly "Entertainment Weekly")*,[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-181) while [AOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL "AOL") declared it as having the "most astute" characters of any show in history when naming it the 16th-best television comedy series of all time.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-182) In 2011, *South Park* was voted number one in the *25 Greatest Animated TV Series* poll by *Entertainment Weekly*.[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-183) The character of Cartman ranked 10th on [TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")'s 2002 list of the "Top 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters",[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-TVGuide-184) 198th on [VH1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VH1 "VH1")'s "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons",[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-pop-185) 19th on [Bravo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravo_\(American_TV_network\) "Bravo (American TV network)")'s "100 Greatest TV Characters" television special in 2004,[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-186) and second on [MSNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC")'s 2005 list of TV's scariest characters behind [Mr. Burns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Burns "Mr. Burns") from *The Simpsons*.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-msnbccartman-187) In 2006, Comedy Central received a [Peabody Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peabody_Award "Peabody Award") for *South Park*'s "stringent social commentary" and "undeniably fearless lampooning of all that is self-important and hypocritical in American life".[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fortune-29)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rocky-43)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-basile2-188)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-189) In 2013, the [Writers Guild of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America "Writers Guild of America") ranked *South Park* at number 63 among the "101 Best-Written Shows Ever".[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-190) Also in 2013, TV Guide listed the show at number 10 among the "60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time".[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-191) In 2019, the series was ranked 42nd on *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* newspaper's list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-192)
*South Park* won the [CableACE Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CableACE_Award "CableACE Award") for Best Animated Series in 1997, the last year the awards were given out.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-193) In 1998, *South Park* was nominated for the [Annie Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Award "Annie Award") for Outstanding Achievement in an Animated Primetime or Late Night Television Program. It was also nominated for the 1998 [GLAAD Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLAAD_Media_Awards "GLAAD Media Awards") for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode for "[Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Gay_Al%27s_Big_Gay_Boat_Ride "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride")".[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)
*South Park* has been nominated for the [Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Animated_Program_\(for_Programming_Less_Than_One_Hour\) "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (for Programming Less Than One Hour)") eighteen times (1998, 2000, 2002, 2004–2011, 2013–2018 and 2021). The show has won the award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming Less Than One Hour) four times, for the 2005 episode "[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(South_Park\) "Best Friends Forever (South Park)")",[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-basile2-188) the 2006 episode "[Make Love, Not Warcraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_Love,_Not_Warcraft "Make Love, Not Warcraft")",[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-194) the 2009 episode "[Margaritaville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaritaville_\(South_Park\) "Margaritaville (South Park)")", and the 2012 episode "[Raising the Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raising_the_Bar_\(South_Park\) "Raising the Bar (South Park)")".[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-195) The "[Imaginationland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginationland_Episode_I "Imaginationland Episode I")" trilogy of episodes won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or More) in 2008.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-196) It was also nominated twice for the [Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award_for_Outstanding_Voice-Over_Performance "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance") for the 68th Emmy Awards.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-197)
Criticism
The show's frequent depiction of [taboo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboo "Taboo") subject matter, general toilet humor, accessibility to younger viewers, disregard for [conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative "Conservative") sensibilities, negative depiction of [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States "Modern liberalism in the United States") causes, and portrayal of religion for comic effect have generated controversy and debate over the course of its run.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mifflin-198)
As the series became popular, students in two schools were barred from wearing *South Park*\-related T-shirts,[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34) and the headmaster of a [UK public school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_school_\(United_Kingdom\) "Public school (United Kingdom)") asked parents not to let their children watch the programme after eight- and nine-year-old children voted the *South Park* character Cartman as their favorite personality in a 1999 poll.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bbcpoll-199) Parker and Stone assert that the show is not meant to be viewed by young children, and the show is certified with TV ratings that indicate its intention for mature audiences.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nydailyratings-24) In 1999, they went on record to cancel the release of the [Game Boy Color](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Boy_Color "Game Boy Color") game based on the series, as Parker and Stone determined that a game based on an adult animated series would be inappropriate for a console whose core demographic consisted of children.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-LoChiatto-200)
[Parents Television Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council "Parents Television and Media Council") founder [L. Brent Bozell III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_III "L. Brent Bozell III") and [Action for Children's Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_for_Children%27s_Television "Action for Children's Television") founder [Peggy Charren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Charren "Peggy Charren") have both condemned the show, with the latter claiming it is "dangerous to the democracy".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon-172)[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv2-202) Several other activist groups have protested the show's parodies of [Christianity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity "Christianity") and portrayal of [Jesus Christ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus "Jesus").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-reason-20)[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) Stone has stated that parents who disapprove of *South Park* for its portrayal of how kids behave are upset because they "have an idyllic vision of what kids are like", adding "\[kids\] don't have any kind of social tact or etiquette, they're just complete little raging bastards".[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-lowbrow-34)[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-bbcpoll-199)
Controversies
The show further lampooned the controversy surrounding its use of profanity, as well as the media attention surrounding the network show *[Chicago Hope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Hope "Chicago Hope")*'s singular use of the word *[shit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shit "Shit")*, with the [season five](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_5\) "South Park (season 5)") premiere "[It Hits the Fan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Hits_the_Fan "It Hits the Fan")",[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-gillespie-204) in which the word *shit* is said 162 times without being bleeped for censorship purposes, while also appearing uncensored in written form.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-wilonsky-39) In the days following the show's original airing, 5,000 disapproving e-mails were sent to Comedy Central.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-paulson-50) Despite its 43 uncensored uses of the racial slur *[nigger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigger "Nigger")*, the [season 11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_11\) "South Park (season 11)") episode "[With Apologies to Jesse Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With_Apologies_to_Jesse_Jackson "With Apologies to Jesse Jackson")" generated relatively little controversy, as most in the black community and the [NAACP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Colored_People "National Association for the Advancement of Colored People") praised the episode for its context and its comedic way of conveying other races' perceptions of how black people feel when hearing the word.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-boston-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-206)
Specific controversies regarding the show have included an [April Fools' Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day "April Fools' Day") prank played on its viewers in 1998,[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-207) its depiction of the [Virgin Mary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_\(mother_of_Jesus\) "Mary (mother of Jesus)") in the [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) finale "[Bloody Mary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Mary_\(South_Park\) "Bloody Mary (South Park)")" that angered several [Catholics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism "Catholicism"),[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37) its depiction of [Steve Irwin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Irwin "Steve Irwin") with a [stingray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingray "Stingray") barb stuck in his chest in the episode "[Hell on Earth 2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_on_Earth_2006 "Hell on Earth 2006")", which originally aired less than two months after Irwin was killed in the same fashion,[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-odoherty-208)[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-209) Comedy Central's censorship of the depiction of [Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad "Muhammad") in the [season 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_10\) "South Park (season 10)") episode "[Cartoon Wars Part II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartoon_Wars_Part_II "Cartoon Wars Part II")" in the wake of the [*Jyllands-Posten* Muhammad cartoons controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy")[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) and consistent mockery of the concept of [climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change "Climate change") by using [climate change denialist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_denial "Climate change denial") talking points.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-salon2-210)[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-vox-211)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-guardian-212)
The [season nine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_9\) "South Park (season 9)") (2005) episode "[Trapped in the Closet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapped_in_the_Closet_\(South_Park\) "Trapped in the Closet (South Park)")" denounces [Scientology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientology "Scientology") as nothing more than "a big fat global scam",[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc1-203) while freely divulging church information that Scientology normally only reveals to members who make significant monetary contributions to the church.[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-213) The episode also ambiguously parodies the rumors involving the sexual orientation of Scientologist [Tom Cruise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise "Tom Cruise"), who allegedly demanded any further reruns of the episode be canceled.[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-odoherty-208)[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Hilden-214) [Isaac Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Hayes "Isaac Hayes"), a Scientologist, later quit *South Park* because of his objection to the episode.[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-foxnews3-215)
The season fourteen episodes "[200](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_\(South_Park\) "200 (South Park)")" and "[201](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/201_\(South_Park\) "201 (South Park)")" were mired in controversy for satirizing issues surrounding the depiction of the Islamic prophet, [Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad "Muhammad"). The website for the organization [Revolution Muslim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_Muslim "Revolution Muslim"), a New York-based radical Muslim organization, posted an entry that included a warning to creators Parker and Stone that they risk violent retribution for their [depictions of Muhammad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depictions_of_Muhammad "Depictions of Muhammad"). It said that they "will probably wind up like [Theo van Gogh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_van_Gogh_\(film_director\) "Theo van Gogh (film director)") for airing this show". The posting provided the addresses to Comedy Central in New York and the production company in Los Angeles.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-:0-216) The author of the post, [Zachary Adam Chesser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Adam_Chesser "Zachary Adam Chesser") (whose alias is Abu Talhah al-Amrikee),[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-217) said it was meant to serve as a warning to Parker and Stone, not a threat, and that providing the addresses was meant to give people the opportunity to protest.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-218)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-Rhett-219)
Despite Chesser's claims that the website entry was a warning, several media outlets and observers interpreted it as a threat.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-AC360-220)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-OReilly-221)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-222) Comedy Central censored the episode's broadcast in response, by [bleeping out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleep_censor "Bleep censor") several speeches and covering Mohammed's appearances with a giant "censored" label.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-:0-216) Support for the episode has come in the form of [Everybody Draw Mohammed Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody_Draw_Mohammed_Day "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day"), a movement started on Facebook that encourages people to draw Muhammad on May 20.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-223) The "200" episode, which also depicted [the Buddha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_Buddha "Gautama Buddha") snorting [cocaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine "Cocaine"), prompted the government of [Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka "Sri Lanka") to ban the series outright.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-224)
Due to many taboo topics in China—such as [Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama "14th Dalai Lama"), [Winnie the Pooh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_of_Winnie-the-Pooh_in_China "Censorship of Winnie-the-Pooh in China"),[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-225) [labor camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_labor_camps "Chinese labor camps"), [freedom of speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_China "Freedom of speech in China") and [cannabis culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_culture "Cannabis culture")—being involved in the [season 23](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_23\) "South Park (season 23)") (2019) episode "[Band in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_in_China "Band in China")", *South Park* was entirely banned in China after the episode's broadcast. The series' [Baidu Baike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike "Baidu Baike") article, [Baidu Tieba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Tieba "Baidu Tieba") forum, [Douban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douban "Douban") page, [Zhihu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhihu "Zhihu") page and [Bilibili](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilibili "Bilibili") videos have been deleted or inaccessible to the public, all related keywords and topics have been prohibited from being searched and discussed on China-based search engines and social media sites including [Baidu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu "Baidu"), [QQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent_QQ "Tencent QQ"), [Weibo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weibo "Weibo") and on [WeChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat "WeChat") public platforms.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-226)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-227)[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-RFI0-228) Parker and Stone issued a sarcastic apology in response.[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-229)[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-230)
Legacy
Cultural
Commentary made in episodes has been interpreted as statements Parker and Stone are attempting to make to the viewing public,[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously-231) and these opinions have been subject to much critical analysis in the media and literary world within the framework of popular philosophical, theological, social, and political concepts.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blame-28)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-seriously-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-blmp-232) Since *South Park* debuted, college students have written term papers and doctoral theses analyzing the show,[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesstudy-57) while [Brooklyn College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn_College "Brooklyn College") offers a course called "*South Park* and Political Correctness".[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nypostbklyn-233)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-npr2-234)
Soon after one of Kenny's trademark deaths on the show, other characters would typically shout "Oh my God, they killed Kenny!", followed by another yelling out "You bastard(s)!"—these lines were usually said by the characters Stan and Kyle, respectively. The exclamation quickly became a popular catchphrase,[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-time-13) while the running gag of Kenny's recurring deaths is one of the more recognized hallmarks among viewers of modern television.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nypostkenny-235)[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-236) Cartman's exclamations of "Respect my authori-tah!" and "Screw you guys ...I'm going home!" became catchphrases as well, and during the show's earlier seasons, were highly popular in the lexicon of viewers.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-perth-237) Cartman's eccentric intonation of "Hey!" was included in the 2002 edition of *The Oxford Dictionary of Catchphrases*.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-oxford-238)
In the [season two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(season_2\) "South Park (season 2)") episode "[Chef Aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_Aid "Chef Aid")", attorney [Johnnie Cochran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnnie_Cochran "Johnnie Cochran") uses what's called in the show the [Chewbacca defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewbacca_defense "Chewbacca defense"), which is a legal strategy that involves addressing plot holes related to [Chewbacca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewbacca "Chewbacca") in the film *[Return of the Jedi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi "Return of the Jedi")* rather than discussing the trial at hand during a closing argument in a deliberate attempt to confuse jurors into thinking there is [reasonable doubt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_doubt "Reasonable doubt"). The term "Chewbacca defense" has been documented as being used by criminologists, forensic scientists, and political commentators in their various discussions of similar methods used in legal cases and public forums.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-239)[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-240)
Another season two episode, "[Gnomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomes_\(South_Park\) "Gnomes (South Park)")", revolves around a group of "underpants [gnomes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome "Gnome")" who, as their name suggests, run a corporation stealing people's underpants. When asked about their business model, various gnomes reply that theirs is a three-step process: Phase 1 is "collect underpants". Phase 3 is "profit". However, the gnomes are unable to explain what is to occur between the first and final steps, and "Phase 2" is accompanied by a large question mark on their corporate flow chart. Using "????" and "PROFIT!" as the last two steps in a process (usually jokingly) became a widely popular [Internet meme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme "Internet meme") because of this.[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-241)[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-242) Especially in the context of politics and economics, "underpants gnomes" has been used by some commentators to characterize a conspicuous gap of logic or planning.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-243)[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-244)
When Sophie Rutschmann of the [University of Strasbourg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Strasbourg "University of Strasbourg") discovered a mutated gene that causes an adult [fruit fly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_melanogaster "Drosophila melanogaster") to die within two days after it is infected with certain bacteria, she named the gene *kep1* in honor of Kenny.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-fruitfly-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-246)[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-PNAS-247) Similarly, when a mutated ortholog of [KIAA1109](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIAA1109 "KIAA1109") was also found for said species that inhibited their ability to stand upright, walk, and caused seizures, indicative of severe neurological defects, a different set of researchers named it *Tweek* in honor of Tweek.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-248)
Political
While some [conservatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States "Conservatism in the United States") have condemned *South Park* for its vulgarity, a growing population of people who hold [center-right](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre-right_politics "Centre-right politics") political beliefs, including teenagers and young adults, have embraced the show for its tendency to mock [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States "Modern liberalism in the United States") viewpoints and lampoon liberal celebrities and icons.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249) [Political commentator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundit "Pundit") [Andrew Sullivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan "Andrew Sullivan") dubbed the group [*South Park* Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_Republican "South Park Republican"), or *South Park* conservatives.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250) Sullivan averred that members of the group are "extremely skeptical of political correctness but also are socially liberal on many issues", though he says the phrase applied to them is meant to be more of a casual indication of beliefs than a strong partisan label.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42) [Brian C. Anderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_C._Anderson "Brian C. Anderson") describes the group as "generally characterized by holding strong [libertarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States "Libertarianism in the United States") beliefs and rejecting more conservative social policy", and notes that although the show makes "wicked fun of conservatives", it is "at the forefront of a conservative revolt against liberal media" and Hollywood's "liberal hegemony".[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249)[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ReasonMagazine-251)
Parker and Stone reject the idea that the show has any underlying political position, and deny having a political agenda when creating an episode.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250)[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-HP2010-252) The two claim the show's higher proportion of instances lampooning liberal rather than conservative orthodoxies stems simply from their preference for making fun of liberals.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cornell-18)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-abc3-77) While Stone has been quoted saying, "I hate conservatives, but I really fucking hate liberals", Stone and Parker have explained that their drive to lampoon a given target comes first from the target's insistence on telling other people how to behave.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-gillespie-204) The duo explain that they regard liberals as having both delusions of entitlement to remain free from satire, and a propensity to enforce political correctness while patronizing the citizens of [Middle America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_America_\(United_States\) "Middle America (United States)").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-nytimesconserv-41)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-cityjournal-42) Parker and Stone are uncomfortable with the idea of themselves or *South Park* being assigned any kind of [partisan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partisan_\(politics\) "Partisan (politics)") classification.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-mcfarland1-38)[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-refugees-250) Parker said he rejects the "*South Park* Republican" and "*South Park* conservative" labels, feeling that either tag implies that one only adheres to strictly conservative or liberal viewpoints.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-rs1-37)[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-theadvocates-249) The duo has in the past reluctantly labeled themselves libertarians and fans of [government gridlock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gridlock_\(politics\) "Gridlock (politics)"). In 2006, they said that they were "rooting for [Hillary Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton "Hillary Clinton") in 2008 simply because it would be weird to have her as president".[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_note-ReasonMagazine-251)
Franchise
See also
- [South Park (Park County, Colorado)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_\(Park_County,_Colorado\) "South Park (Park County, Colorado)")
- [South Park City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park_City "South Park City")
Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-94)** Formerly Token Black; retconned in "[The Big Fix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Fix_\(South_Park\) "The Big Fix (South Park)")".
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-2)** Originally known as Braniff Productions from 1997 to 2006, and Parker-Stone Productions from 2006 to 2007.
References
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-1)**
Lake, Dave (2009). ["The 10 Most Controversial 'South Park' Episodes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110515084130/http://tv.msn.com/tv/article.aspx?news=355548). MSN TV. Archived from [the original](https://tv.msn.com/tv/article.aspx?news=355548) on May 15, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-3)**
Rosario, Alexandra Del (November 18, 2021). ["'South Park: Post Covid': Stan & Kyle Are Adults In First-Look Teaser For Paramount+'s Thanksgiving Movie Event – Update"](https://deadline.com/2021/11/south-park-post-covid-premiere-date-thanksgiving-1234863692/). *Deadline Hollywood*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211125111900/https://deadline.com/2021/11/south-park-post-covid-premiere-date-thanksgiving-1234863692/) from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-4)**
Muhammad, Latifah (November 24, 2021). ["How to Watch the 'South Park: Post COVID' Special Online for Free"](https://www.indiewire.com/shop/watch-south-park-post-covid-paramount-plus-1234681309/). *IndieWire*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211125113716/https://www.indiewire.com/shop/watch-south-park-post-covid-paramount-plus-1234681309/) from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-5)**
["HBO Max Lands Exclusive Streaming Rights to South Park from South Park Digital Studios, A Joint Venture Between Viacom and South Park Creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone"](https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/es-mx/media-release/hbo-max-lands-exclusive-streaming-rights-south-park-south-park-digital-studios-joint?language_content_entity=en&fb) (Press release) (in Spanish). Warner Media Pressroom. October 29, 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230226164119/https://pressroom.warnermedia.com/es-mx/media-release/hbo-max-lands-exclusive-streaming-rights-south-park-south-park-digital-studios-joint?language_content_entity=en&fb) from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-2025_deal_6-0)**
James, Meg (July 21, 2025). ["'South Park' creators reach \$1.5-billion streaming deal with Paramount"](https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2025-07-21/south-park-creators-reach-breakthrough-in-paramount-deal-talks). *[Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times")*. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-7)**
Dunn, Jack (October 16, 2025). ["'South Park' Abruptly Starts Season 28 With Viral '6-7' TikTok Trend and Peter Thiel Hunting Down Trump's Antichrist Baby"](https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/south-park-season-28-tiktok-peter-thiel-antichrist-trump-1236554275/). *Variety*. Retrieved October 16, 2025.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-8)**
["TV Guide Magazine's 60 Greatest Cartoons of All Time"](https://www.tvguide.com/news/definitive-ranking-old-cartoons/). September 24, 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200618024102/https://www.tvguide.com/news/definitive-ranking-old-cartoons/) from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2016.
8. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-statesman_9-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-statesman_9-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-statesman_9-2)
Griffiths, Eric (June 21, 2007). ["Young offenders"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210627133812/https://www.newstatesman.com/books/2007/06/south-park-sex-studies). *[New Statesman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Statesman "New Statesman")*. Archived from [the original](http://www.newstatesman.com/books/2007/06/south-park-sex-studies) on June 27, 2021. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-10)**
"[City People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_People "City People")". *South Park*. Season 25. Episode 3. February 16, 2022. [Comedy Central](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comedy_Central "Comedy Central"). "We're up in the mountains, about an hour from Denver."
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-nytimesmorals_11-6)
Heffernan, Virginia (April 28, 2004). ["Critic's Notebook; What? Morals in 'South Park'?"](https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/28/arts/critic-s-notebook-what-morals-in-south-park.html?pagewanted=all). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181116002847/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/28/arts/critic-s-notebook-what-morals-in-south-park.html?pagewanted=all) from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
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`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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247. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Park#cite_ref-theadvocates_249-2)
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Further reading
- Anderson, Brian C. (2005). [*South Park Conservatives: The Revolt Against Liberal Media Bias*](https://archive.org/details/southparkconserv00ande). Regnery Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-89526-019-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-019-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-019-2")
.
- Broman, Per F.; Jacoby, Henry (2006). Arp, Robert (ed.). *South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today*. The Blackwell Philosophy & Pop Culture Series. Blackwell Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1-4051-6160-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6160-2 "Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6160-2")
.
- Cogan, Brian, ed. (2011). *Deconstructing South Park: Critical Examinations of Animated Transgression*. Lexington Books. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-7391-6745-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6745-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-6745-8")
.
- Hanley, Richard, ed. (2007). *South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating*. Open Court. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8126-9613-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9613-4 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9613-4")
.
- Johnson-Woods, Toni (2007). [*Blame Canada!: South Park and Popular Culture*](https://archive.org/details/blamecanada00toni). Continuum. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-8264-1731-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1731-2 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1731-2")
.
- Mansour, David (2005). *From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century*. Kansas City, Missouri: [Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrews_McMeel_Publishing,_LLC "Andrews McMeel Publishing, LLC"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[0-7407-5118-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2 "Special:BookSources/0-7407-5118-2")
. [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_\(identifier\) "OCLC (identifier)") [57316726](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57316726).
- Nye, Sean, ["From Punk to the Musical: South Park, Music, and the Cartoon Format"](https://www.academia.edu/2898817/From_Punk_to_the_Musical_South_Park_Music_and_the_Cartoon_Format), in Music in Television: Channels of Listening, ed. James Deaville (London: Routledge, 2011): 143–64. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0415881357](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415881357 "Special:BookSources/978-0415881357")
- Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew; Fallows, Randall (2008). *Taking South Park Seriously*. SUNY Press. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0-7914-7566-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7566-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7566-9")
.
External links
- [Official website](https://southpark.cc.com/)
- [*South Park*](https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0121955/) at [IMDb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMDb_\(identifier\) "IMDb (identifier)")
- [*South Park*](https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/-/1030177962/) at *[TV Guide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Guide "TV Guide")*
- [*South Park*](https://www.metacritic.com/tv/south-park) on [Metacritic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic "Metacritic")
- [*South Park*](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/south_park) on [Rotten Tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes "Rotten Tomatoes")
- [*South Park*](http://toonopedia.com/southprk.htm) at [Don Markstein's Toonopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Markstein%27s_Toonopedia "Don Markstein's Toonopedia")
- Johnny 2 Cozy, ["Four Hours of South Park Lore To Fall Asleep To,"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JCf_fbVtso) via YouTube.com, November 29, 2024.
(Video compilation of literary criticism)
- Ryan Parker (September 14, 2016). ["'South Park' History: Trey Parker, Matt Stone on Censors, Tom Cruise and Scientology's Role in Isaac Hayes Quitting"](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/south-park-20-years-history-trey-parker-matt-stone-928212/). *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved February 21, 2022. |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/South_Park s443 |