🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa064)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks","crawl_time":1774212200,"first_indexed_time":1376001930,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Six-party_talks s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Six-party talks - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nSix-party talks\nChinese name\nTraditional Chinese\n六方會談\nSimplified Chinese\n六方会谈\nTranscriptions\nStandard Mandarin\nHanyu Pinyin\nLiùfāng Huìtán\nListen\nⓘ\nJapanese name\nKanji\n六者会合\nKana\nろくしゃかいごう\nTranscriptions\nRomanization\nRokusha Kaigō\nNorth Korean name\nChosŏn'gŭl\n륙자 회담\nHancha\n六者會談\nTranscriptions\nRevised Romanization\nRyukja hoedam\nMcCune–Reischauer\nRyukcha hoedam\nSouth Korean name\nHangul\n육자 회담\nHanja\n六者會談\nTranscriptions\nRevised Romanization\nYukja hoedam\nMcCune–Reischauer\nYukcha hoedam\nRussian name\nRussian\nШестисторо́нние перегово́ры\nRomanization\nShestistorónniye peregovóry\nThe\nsix-party talks\nwere a series of multilateral discussions between 2003 and 2007, held between six states and hosted in\nBeijing\n,\n[\n1\n]\naimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the\nNorth Korean nuclear weapons program\n. The states involved were:\nThese talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the\nNuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\n(NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress\n[\n2\n]\nuntil the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan.\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\nResponding angrily to the\nUnited Nations Security Council\n's Presidential Statement\n[\n5\n]\nissued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean\nfailed satellite launch\n, the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent.\n[\n6\n]\nNorth Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country.\n[\n7\n]\nContent of the six-party talks\n[\nedit\n]\nMembers of the six-party nuclear talks\nThe main points of contention were:\nSecurity guarantee\n– this issue has been raised by North Korea since the\nBush administration\n(2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when\nPresident\nGeorge W. Bush\nnamed North Korea as part of an \"\naxis of evil\n\" in his 2002\nState of the Union Address\n. After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks.\n[\n8\n]\nThe construction of\nlight water reactors\n– under the 1994\nAgreed Framework\ntwo\nlight-water reactors\nwould be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated\nnuclear power plant\nprogram at\nYongbyon\n. This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002.\nPeaceful use of nuclear energy\n– whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities.\n[\n9\n]\nDiplomatic relations\n– North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program.\nFinancial restrictions \/ Trade normalization\n– The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US$24 million\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nin Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts.\n[\n12\n]\nThe United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008.\n[\n13\n]\nVerifiable and Irreversible disarmament\n– Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position.\n[\n14\n]\nChina and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of\nnuclear disarmament\n. North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil.\n1st round (27–29 August 2003)\n[\nedit\n]\nA figure of a table of the six party talks\nOutcomes\nA Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks.\nNo agreement between parties made.\nSee \"Why the 6-party talks will fail\" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal\n2nd round (25–28 February 2004)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives:\n \nSouth Korea\n: Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n:\nKim Kye-gwan\n, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nOutcomes\nA Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including:\nDenuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\nPeaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises.\nAgreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004.\n3rd round (23–26 June 2004)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nOutcomes\nA Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including:\nReaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification\nAgreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005\n1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n:\nSong Min-soon\n, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n:\nChristopher Hill\n, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n:\nWu Dawei\n, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nOutcomes\nU.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy\nThree-week recess of talks due to\nASEAN Regional Forum\n(ARF) meeting\n2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nOutcomes\nAgreement on a Joint Statement\n[\n15\n]\nof six articles, including:\nVerifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\nObserve and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration\nNorth Korea to agree to abandon all\nnuclear weapons and nuclear programs\nand return to the\nNPT\nas soon as possible\nHowever, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy.\nThe issue of the\nlight water reactors\nwill be discussed \"at an appropriate time\"\n[\n16\n]\nU.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula\nU.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect\nU.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together.\nJapan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes.\nThe other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral\/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment.\nSouth Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7\/12\/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program.\nThe Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately.\n'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'.\nAgreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005.\n1st phase (9–11 November 2005)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nOutcomes\nJoint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for:\nModifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle.\nNo agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time.\nEvents between phases 1 and 2\n[\nedit\n]\nIn April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in\nMacau\n.\n[\n17\n]\nThe U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not.\nNorth Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons\n[\n18\n]\n[\n19\n]\nOn October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a\nsuccessful nuclear test\n, verified by the U.S. on October 11.\nIn response, the\nUnited Nations Security Council\npassed\nResolution 1718\n[\n20\n]\nunanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units,\nWMD\n-related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the\nPeople's Republic of China\nand the\nRussian Federation\nwere quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy.\nOn 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator\nChristopher Hill\nlater stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what\nBBC News\ncalled \"frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations\" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister\nTaro Aso\nstated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons.\n[\n21\n]\nOn 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon.\n[\n22\n]\nOn 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006.\n[\n23\n]\n2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)\n[\nedit\n]\nChairman's Statement issued\nAll six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner.\nAll six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met.\nNumerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations.\nSeparate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007.\n[\n29\n]\nThe 5th round only went into \"recess\" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing.\n[\n30\n]\nEvents between phases 2 and 3\n[\nedit\n]\nRussia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator.\n[\n31\n]\nLosyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004.\n[\n32\n]\nOn 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007.\n[\n33\n]\nApparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007.\n[\n34\n]\nThe dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the\nPRC\nand\nROK\ndelegations.\n[\n35\n]\nBoth Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to \"certain agreements\" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday.\n[\n31\n]\nNorth Korea has viewed these talks as the \"bilateral negotiations\" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in \"preparation for the six-party talks\".\n[\n36\n]\nU.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US$13 million of the US$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia.\n[\n37\n]\nChina has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007.\n[\n38\n]\nNorth Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of\nfuel oil\na year, similar to the 1994\nAgreed Framework\njust before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill.\n[\n39\n]\nThere were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill.\n[\n40\n]\n3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nObjectives achieved\nJoint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm\nNorth Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications\nIn return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days.\nAll six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.\nAll six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism.\nThe working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas.\nAll parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days\nDetails of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation.\nOnce the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\nThe sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase.\n[\n41\n]\nEvents during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks\nChina drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be \"suspended, shut down and sealed\" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish \"four to six\" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was \"prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps\" but was \"neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved\"\n[\n42\n]\n[\n43\n]\n[\n44\n]\nChina held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting.\n[\n39\n]\nChina's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was \"unreasonable\" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued.\n[\n39\n]\nOn February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a \"final text\" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by\nJohn Bolton\n, former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent \"exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world\".\n[\n45\n]\nThe Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day.\n[\n46\n]\n1st phase (19–22 March 2007)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nObjectives achieved\nOn March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the $25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula.\n[\n12\n]\nHowever, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a \"Chinese matter\". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said \"there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction\". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. \"The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will\", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day.\n[\n47\n]\nThe US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle.\nThe talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the $25 million in their hands.\nA South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though.\n[\n48\n]\nEvents taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks\nThe 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue.\n[\n49\n]\nOn June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea.\n[\n50\n]\nOn July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program.\n[\n51\n]\nOn July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities.\n[\n52\n]\nResumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n:\nKim Kye-gwan\n, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n:\nChristopher Hill\n, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n:\nWu Dawei\n, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n:\nVladimir Rakhmanin\n, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nObjectives achieved\nJoint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007\n[\n53\n]\nThe six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other.\nThe parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of \"action for action\".\nNorth Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs.\nAgreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus.\nTalks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\nA deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met.\n[\n54\n]\nNorth Korea warned of a \"crisis\" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue.\n[\n55\n]\nEvents taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks\nSouth Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks.\n[\n56\n]\nUS President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms.\n[\n57\n]\nIsrael reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea.\n[\n58\n]\nJapanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea.\n[\n59\n]\n2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)\n[\nedit\n]\nRepresentatives\n \nSouth Korea\n: Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n \nNorth Korea\n: Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nUnited States\n: Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n \nChina\n: Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n \nJapan\n: Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n \nRussia\n: Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\nObjectives achieved\nReports from working groups heard and endorsed.\nImplementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed\nList of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007.\n[\n60\n]\nDPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility.\nThe DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007.\nThe DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a\nstate sponsor of terrorism\n, and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations.\nThe DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration.\nIn accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of\nHFO\n(inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.\n[\n61\n]\nThe Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time.\nA final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.\n[\n62\n]\nHowever, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks.\nDiscontinuation of talks in 2009\n[\nedit\n]\nOn April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced\nsatellite launch\n, despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of\nICBM\ntechnology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the\nPacific Ocean\n. Despite the failure, U.S. President\nBarack Obama\nresponded that \"violations must be punished.\"\n[\n63\n]\nSouth Korea urged heavier\nsanctions against North Korea\n. On April 13, the\nUnited Nations Security Council\nagreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea.\n[\n64\n]\n[\n65\n]\nThe following day,\nNorth Korea\n, responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it \"will never again take part in such [six party] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks.\" North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the\nInternational Atomic Energy Agency\nthat they would resume their nuclear weapons program.\n[\n66\n]\nOn May 25, 2009, North Korea\ndetonated a nuclear device underground\n.\n[\n67\n]\nThe test was condemned by the United Nations,\n[\n68\n]\nNATO,\n[\n69\n]\nthe other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nOn October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand.\nOn November 10, 2009, the\nDaecheong incident\ntook place.\n[\n70\n]\nOn this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties.\nNorth Korean attacks in 2010\n[\nedit\n]\nCheonan\n, a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard,\nsank\nafter an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of\nBaengnyeong Island\nat 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that\nCheonan\nwas sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine.\n[\n71\n]\n[\n72\n]\nThis incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea.\nOn October 26, 2010,\nRed Cross\nofficials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did\nUNC\nand North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting.\n[\n73\n]\nOn November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's\nYeonpyeong\nIsland. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period.\n[\n74\n]\nProposed resumptions\n[\nedit\n]\nOn 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a \"leap day\" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks.\n[\n75\n]\nOn 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder\nKim il-Sung\n's 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the \"leap day\" agreement.\n[\n76\n]\nOn 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea.\n[\n77\n]\nOn 29\n \nJanuary 2014, the official Chinese\nXinhua News Agency\nannounced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations.\n[\n78\n]\nOn April 5, 2018,\nChina\n's\nparamount leader\nXi Jinping\nannounced that after a\nmeeting\nwith\nNorth Korea's supreme leader\nKim Jong-un\nthat Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending.\nOn April 25, 2019, after his\nfirst meeting\nwith Kim Jong-un,\nRussian President\nVladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks.\n[\n79\n]\n2006 North Korean nuclear test\nAgreed Framework\n(United States–North Korea)\nHistory of Japan–Korea relations\nNorth Korea–United States relations\nYongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\n2018–19 Korean peace process\nP5+1\nNotes and references\n[\nedit\n]\n^\n\"The Six-party Talks Kicked off\"\n.\nPermanent Representative of China to the United Nations\n. 27 August 2003. Archived from\nthe original\non 14 December 2019\n. Retrieved\n24 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"6-party talks: 2nd phase, 5th round\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 18 December 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 September 2009\n. Retrieved\n19 December\n2006\n.\n^\n\"Rice hails N Korea nuclear deal\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 13 February 2007\n. Retrieved\n13 February\n2007\n.\n^\nScanlon, Charles (13 February 2007).\n\"The end of a long confrontation?\"\n.\nBBC News\n. Retrieved\n13 February\n2007\n.\n^\n\"UNSC Presidential Statement\"\n(PDF)\n.\nUnited Nations\n. 13 April 2009. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 10 September 2012\n. Retrieved\n12 July\n2010\n.\n^\n\"DPRK Foreign Ministry Vehemently Refutes UNSC's \"Presidential Statement\"\n\"\n.\nKCNA\n. 14 April 2009. Archived from\nthe original\non 10 September 2012\n. Retrieved\n12 July\n2010\n.\n^\nLandler, Mark (15 April 2009).\n\"North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2010\n.\n^\nNorth Korea and regional security | Corea del Norte y la seguridad regional\n. Editorial Verbum. 2008. p. 49.\nISBN\n \n978-84-7962-580-1\n.\n^\nBuszynski, Leszek (2013).\nNegotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue\n. Oxon: Routledge.\nISBN\n \n978-1-135-04484-8\n.\n^\n\"お知らせ : Yomiuri Online（読売新聞）\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 November 2011\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2007\n.\n^\n\"Talks to focus on disarming N.K.\"\nThe Korea Herald\n. 4 April 2010\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (\nlink\n)\n^\na\nb\n6자회담\n[Six party talk].\n국가기록원\n(in Korean). 26 November 2015\n. Retrieved\n16 May\n2018\n.\n^\nCooper, Helene (12 October 2008).\n\"U.S. Declares North Korea Off Terror List\"\n.\nNew York Times\n.\n^\nDiFilippo, A. (2006).\nJapan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella\n. Springer. p. 173.\nISBN\n \n978-0-230-60072-0\n.\n^\nJoint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005\n^\n\"North Korea – U.S. Statement\"\n. State Department. 19 September 2005.\n^\n\"N Korea offers nuclear talks deal\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 13 April 2006\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"DPRK to conduct nuclear test against U.S. hostile policy\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 3 October 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 October 2006\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"N Korea statement on nuclear test\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 3 October 2006\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nUnited Nations Security Council\nVerbatim Report\n5551\n.\nS\/PV\/5551\n14 October 2006.  Retrieved 6 April 2008.\n^\n\"North Korea talks 'set to resume'\"\nArchived\nJuly 18, 2016, at the\nWayback Machine\n,\nBBC News\n, 31 October 2006\n^\nN. Korea Six Party talks unlikely before '07: Russia\nWashington Post\n, 5 December 2006\n^\n\"Six-party talks on Korean nuclear issue to resume from Dec.18\"\n.\nXinhua News Agency\n. 11 December 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 March 2016.\n^\n\"ROK new chief negotiator for six-party talks visits China\"\n.\nPeople's Daily\n. 9 March 2006.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 November 2007.\n^\n\"ROK urges six-party talks to focus on denuclearization\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 13 December 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 6 January 2009\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Japan's top negotiator in six-party talks arrives in Beijing\"\n.\nXinhua News Agency\n. 26 November 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 18 February 2014.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"China, DPRK, U.S. chief delegates to six-party talks meet in Beijing\"\n.\nPeople's Daily\n. 28 November 2006\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Russia changes lead negotiator in six-party talks\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2010\n.\n^\n\"DPRK, U.S. meet on nuke, financial issues as six-party talks enter 2nd day\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 20 December 2006. Archived from\nthe original\non 7 January 2009\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"6-party talks could start as early as this month: sources\"\n. English.hani.co.kr\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"News | the Scotsman\"\n.\nThe Scotsman\n. Retrieved\n19 January\n2007\n.\n[\npermanent dead link\n]\n^\n\"ISCIP – The NIS Observed: Analytical Review: 12 May 2004\"\n. Bu.edu. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 February 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Itar-Tass\"\n. Itar-Tass. Archived from\nthe original\non 27 September 2007.\n^\n\"Announcement on Resuming Six-Party North Korean Nuke Talks Coming on Monday, Japanese Envoy Says\"\n.\nFox News\n. 28 January 2007.\n^\n\"Swift return to Six-Party Talks called for\"\n.\nPeople's Daily\n. 26 January 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"\n'Progress' in N Korea-US talks\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 19 January 2007\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2010\n.\n^\n\"Archived copy\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 19 October 1996\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2007\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Archived copy\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 30 September 2007\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2007\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (\nlink\n)\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"Six-party talks focus on energy aid, uncertainty remains for deal\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 11 February 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 14 October 2012\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Hill denies signing alleged memorandum with DPRK\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 8 February 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 February 2010\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Six-party talks end with joint document\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 13 February 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 5 March 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nKim, Jack; Ueno, Teruaki (19 January 2013).\n\"U.S. and North Korea Caution on Hope for Deal\"\n. Abcnews.go.com. Reuters. Archived from\nthe original\non 18 February 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nCallick, Rowan (10 February 2007).\n\"Beijing proposal opens up N-talks\"\n.\nThe Australian\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 February 2007.\n^\n\"Six-party talks moving to a possible agreement\"\n. Xinhua News Agency. 9 February 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 February 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"\n'Deal reached' at N Korea talks\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 13 February 2007\n. Retrieved\n13 February\n2007\n.\n^\n\"Nuclear talks appear to secure breakthrough\"\n. Chinadaily.com.cn\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"North Korea Nuclear Talks Recess Amid Transfer Snafu (Update3)\"\n.\nBloomberg\n. 22 March 2007.\n^\nKaku, Michio (10 June 2012).\n\"Images of North Korean reactor hint at progress of talks\"\n.\nInternational Herald Tribune\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nHagström, Linus (2009) \"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks,\" Asian Survey 49 (5): 831–51,\nHagströöm, Linus (2009). \"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks?\".\nAsian Survey\n.\n49\n(5):\n831–\n851.\ndoi\n:\n10.1525\/as.2009.49.5.831\n.\n^\n\"Russia Agrees To Help End North Korea Banking Row\"\n. Spacewar.com\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nHerman, Burt (15 July 2007).\n\"Envoy: N. Korea ready to stop nuclear programs\"\n.\nHouston Chronicle\n. Associated Press\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"U.N. verifies closure of North Korean nuclear facilities\"\n.\nCNN\n. 18 July 2007\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2010\n.\n^\n\"Full text of press communique released at new round of six-nation : International : Home\"\n. English.hani.co.kr\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"North Korea talks end but wrangling to continue\"\n. Thestar.com.my. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 October 2012\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"North Korea Warns Japan Courts 'Disaster' Over Abductee Demands\"\n.\nBloomberg\n. 21 July 2007.\n^\n\"S.Korea's Roh seeks economic community with North\"\n.\nReuters\n. 15 August 2007.\n^\nWatts, Jonathan (8 September 2007).\n\"Bush offers North Korea a deal to end the world's oldest cold war\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n. London\n. Retrieved\n23 May\n2010\n.\n^\n\"Politics – Israel 'warned US about North Korea-Syria link'\n\"\n. The Daily Star. 22 September 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"News – New Japan PM promises NKorea flexibility\"\n. Radio Australia. 24 September 2007\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement (Six-Party Talks on North Korean Issues)\"\n. MOFA\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nHayes, Peter (13 November 2007).\n\"The Six-Party Talks: Meeting North Korea's energy needs\"\n. Thebulletin.org. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 June 2013\n. Retrieved\n28 September\n2006\n.\n^\n\"Date of 6-sided meeting on NKorea to be set by yearend – Losyukov\"\n. Itar-Tass. 1 October 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 October 2007.\n^\nRemarks by President Barack Obama\nArchived\nJune 10, 2015, at the\nWayback Machine\n, Prague, April 5, 2009.\n^\nUnited Nations Security Council\nVerbatim Report\n6106\n.\nS\/PV\/6106\n{{{date}}}.  Retrieved 16 April 2009.\n^\nSC\/9364\nArchived\nSeptember 4, 2014, at the\nWayback Machine\nSecurity Council Condemns Launch by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Agrees to Adjust Travel Ban, Assets Freeze, Arms Embargo Imposed in 2006, April 13, 2009\n^\nLandler, Mark (14 April 2009).\n\"North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. Retrieved\n15 April\n2009\n.\n^\n\"North Korea conducts nuclear test\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 25 May 2009.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 November 2016.\n^\nCharbonneau, Louis (25 May 2009).\n\"U.N. Security Council condemns North Korea nuclear test\"\n.\nReuters\n. Retrieved\n26 May\n2009\n.\n^\n\"FACTBOX-Reaction to North Korea's nuclear test\"\n.\nForbes\n. 25 May 2009. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 May 2009\n. Retrieved\n25 May\n2009\n.\n^\nFoster, Peter (10 November 2009).\n\"North and South Korea warships exchange fire\"\n.\nThe Daily Telegraph\n. London.\n^\n\"Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report\"\n. Koreatimes.co.kr. 13 September 2010\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Report: South Korean navy ship sinks - CNN.com\"\n. Articles.cnn.com. 27 March 2010. Archived from\nthe original\non 13 July 2012\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\nKorea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society\n, Rüdiger Frank, James E. Hoare, Patrick Köllner, Susan Pares.  2011.\n^\n\"NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines\"\n.\nThe Dong-a Ilbo\n. 24 November 2010\n. Retrieved\n20 January\n2014\n.\n^\n\"North Korean nuclear progress: Leap of faith\"\n.\nThe Economist online\n. 1 March 2012\n. Retrieved\n17 March\n2012\n.\n^\nSang-hun, Choe; Myers, Steven Lee (16 March 2012).\n\"North Korea Says It Will Launch Satellite Into Orbit\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. Retrieved\n17 March\n2012\n.\n^\n\"North Korea Rocket 2012: Launch Reported By South Korea\"\n.\nHuffington Post\n. 12 April 2012\n. Retrieved\n6 April\n2012\n.\n^\n\"Tweet by Xinhua News Agency: DPRK ambassador to China on resumption of six-party talks\"\n.\nTwitter\n. Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2014\n. Retrieved\n17 February\n2014\n.\n^\nSoldatkin, Vladimir; Vasilyeva, Maria (25 April 2019).\n\"Putin says U.S. guarantees unlikely to prompt North Korea to de-nuclearize\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nLinus Hagström and Marie Söderberg (2006)\nNorth Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers\n, London and New York: Routledge.\nInitial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement\n(Full text of Chairman's Statement),\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs\n,\nPeople's Republic of China\n, 13 February 2007\nThe Best U.S. Response to North Korea's Failed Missile Test\nNOW on PBS\n, July 7, 2006\nNorth Korean Denuclearisation: A Chinese View of the Way Forward\nArchived\nApril 15, 2011, at the\nWayback Machine\n,\nAcronym Institute\n, Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring 2006\n\"Inside Multilateralism: The Six-Party Talks\"\n(PDF)\n. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 30 December 2006\n. Retrieved\n8 January\n2007\n.\n \n(113 KB)\n, John S. Park,\nThe Washington Quarterly\n, Vol. 28, No. 4, Autumn 2005\nNorth Korea Says It Will Abandon Nuclear Efforts\n,\nNew York Times\n, September 19, 2005\nU.S.-Korean Deal on Arms Leaves Key Points Open\n,\nNew York Times\n, September 20, 2005\nNuke talks reach agreements\nArchived\nNovember 24, 2007, at the\nWayback Machine\n,\nKorea.Net\n, September 19, 2005\nFull Text of Six-nation Statement on North Korea\n,\nNautilus Institute\n, September 20, 2005\nLight Water Reactors at the Six Party Talks: The Barrier that Makes the Water Flow\n,\nNautilus Institute\n, September 21, 2005\nFull text of Chairman's Statement\n,\nMinistry of Foreign Affairs\n,\nPeople's Republic of China\n, 11 November 2005\nNorth Korea Unveils 5-Step Roadmap for Scrapping Nukes\n[\npermanent dead link\n]\n,\nKorea Times\n, 14 November 2005\nNorth Korea and the \"six-party talks\": a road to nowhere\n, David Wall,\nopenDemocracy\n, 12 April 2006\nWhither the Six-Party Talks?\nU.S. Institute of Peace\nBriefing, May 2006\nA Denuclearization Deal in Beijing\nArchived\nNovember 24, 2007, at the\nWayback Machine\n, Gavan McCormack, 2007-02-15 – step-by-step review of Bush policies towards the negotiations\nLinus Hagström (2009)\n\"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks\"\nAsian Survey\n49 (5): 831–51.\nNorth Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement\n,\nChristopher R. Hill\n,\nAssistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\n,\nHouse Foreign Affairs Committee\n, February 28, 2007.\n\"North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement\"\n. February 28, 2007\n. Retrieved\nJune 25,\n2017\n.\nRichard S. Tracey\nUsing the PATRIOT Act to Turn North Korea's Dirty Money into a Bargaining Chip\n, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Summer 2009.\nThe Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future\nby Fu Ying","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Six-party+talks \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Six-party+talks \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks)\n- [1 Content of the six-party talks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Content_of_the_six-party_talks)\n- [2 1st round (27–29 August 2003)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#1st_round_\$27%E2%80%9329_August_2003\$)\n- [3 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#2nd_round_\$25%E2%80%9328_February_2004\$)\n- [4 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#3rd_round_\$23%E2%80%9326_June_2004\$)\n- [5 4th round](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#4th_round)\n  Toggle 4th round subsection\n  - [5\\.1 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_\$26_July_%E2%80%93_7_August_2005\$)\n  - [5\\.2 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_\$13%E2%80%9319_September_2005\$)\n- [6 5th round](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#5th_round)\n  Toggle 5th round subsection\n  - [6\\.1 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_\$9%E2%80%9311_November_2005\$)\n  - [6\\.2 Events between phases 1 and 2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Events_between_phases_1_and_2)\n  - [6\\.3 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_\$18%E2%80%9322_December_2006\$)\n  - [6\\.4 Events between phases 2 and 3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Events_between_phases_2_and_3)\n  - [6\\.5 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#3rd_phase_\$8%E2%80%9313_February_2007\$)\n- [7 6th round](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#6th_round)\n  Toggle 6th round subsection\n  - [7\\.1 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_\$19%E2%80%9322_March_2007\$)\n  - [7\\.2 Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Resumption_of_1st_phase_\$18%E2%80%9320_July_2007\$)\n  - [7\\.3 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_\$27%E2%80%9330_September_2007\$)\n- [8 Discontinuation of talks in 2009](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Discontinuation_of_talks_in_2009)\n- [9 North Korean attacks in 2010](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#North_Korean_attacks_in_2010)\n- [10 Proposed resumptions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Proposed_resumptions)\n- [11 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#See_also)\n- [12 Notes and references](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#Notes_and_references)\n- [13 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Six-party talks\n20 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9 \"المحادثات السداسية – Arabic\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sekspartsforhandlingerne \"Sekspartsforhandlingerne – Danish\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sechs-Parteien-Gespr%C3%A4che \"Sechs-Parteien-Gespräche – German\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ses-partiaj_interparoloj \"Ses-partiaj interparoloj – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Di%C3%A1logo_de_los_Seis \"Diálogo de los Seis – Spanish\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B4_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87 \"گفتگوهای شش جانبه – Persian\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pourparlers_%C3%A0_six \"Pourparlers à six – French\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perundingan_enam_negara \"Perundingan enam negara – Indonesian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AD%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E5%90%88 \"六者会合 – Japanese\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6%EC%9E%90_%ED%9A%8C%EB%8B%B4 \"6자 회담 – Korean\")\n- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2 \"ခြောက်နိုင်ငံ မျက်နှာစုံညီ စည်းဝေးပွဲ – Burmese\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeslandenoverleg \"Zeslandenoverleg – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sekspartsforhandlingene \"Sekspartsforhandlingene – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Di%C3%A1logo_a_Seis \"Diálogo a Seis – Portuguese\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexpartssamtalen \"Sexpartssamtalen – Swedish\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2 \"การเจรจาหกฝ่าย – Thai\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8 \"Шестисторонні переговори – Ukrainian\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%90%C3%A0m_ph%C3%A1n_S%C3%A1u_b%C3%AAn \"Đàm phán Sáu bên – Vietnamese\")\n- [吴语](https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%9A%E8%B0%88 \"六方会谈 – Wu\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%9A%E8%B0%88 \"六方会谈 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q495543#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Six-party_talks \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Six-party_talks \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Six-party_talks \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&oldid=1315233631 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Six-party_talks&id=1315233631&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSix-party_talks)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Six-party_talks&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Six-party_talks)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q495543 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nMeetings on North Korea nuclear program\n\nFor South Korea variety show, see [*Six-Party Talks* (TV series)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-Party_Talks_\$TV_series\$ \"Six-Party Talks (TV series)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg\/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png) | This article includes a list of [general references](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\"), but **it lacks sufficient corresponding [inline citations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")**. Please help to [improve](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability \"Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability\") this article by [introducing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:When_to_cite \"Wikipedia:When to cite\") more precise citations. *(August 2019)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n\n| Six-party talks |   |\n|---|---|\n| Chinese name |   |\n| [Traditional Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_Chinese_characters \"Traditional Chinese characters\") | 六方會談 |\n| [Simplified Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simplified_Chinese_characters \"Simplified Chinese characters\") | 六方会谈 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Standard Mandarin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Standard_Chinese \"Standard Chinese\") |   |\n| [Hanyu Pinyin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanyu_Pinyin \"Hanyu Pinyin\") | Liùfāng Huìtán [Listen](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg\/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg.mp3 \"Play audio\")[ⓘ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan\$Six-Party_Talks\$.ogg \"File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan(Six-Party Talks).ogg\") |\n| Japanese name |   |\n| [Kanji](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanji \"Kanji\") | 六者会合 |\n| [Kana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kana \"Kana\") | ろくしゃかいごう |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanization_of_Japanese \"Romanization of Japanese\") | Rokusha Kaigō |\n| North Korean name |   |\n| [Chosŏn'gŭl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hangul \"Hangul\") | 륙자 회담 |\n| [Hancha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanja \"Hanja\") | 六者會談 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Revised Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean \"Revised Romanization of Korean\") | Ryukja hoedam |\n| [McCune–Reischauer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer \"McCune–Reischauer\") | Ryukcha hoedam |\n| South Korean name |   |\n| [Hangul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hangul \"Hangul\") | 육자 회담 |\n| [Hanja](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanja \"Hanja\") | 六者會談 |\n| Transcriptions |   |\n| [Revised Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean \"Revised Romanization of Korean\") | Yukja hoedam |\n| [McCune–Reischauer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer \"McCune–Reischauer\") | Yukcha hoedam |\n| Russian name |   |\n| [Russian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_language \"Russian language\") | Шестисторо́нние перегово́ры |\n| [Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romanization_of_Russian \"Romanization of Russian\") | *Shestistorónniye peregovóry* |\n\nThe **six-party talks** were a series of multilateral discussions between 2003 and 2007, held between six states and hosted in [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing \"Beijing\"),[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-1) aimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the [North Korean nuclear weapons program](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korean_nuclear_weapons_program \"North Korean nuclear weapons program\"). The states involved were:\n\n- [![China](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\") [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\")\n- [![Japan](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\") [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\")\n- [![North Korea](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\") [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\")\n- [![South Korea](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\") [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\")\n- [![Russia](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\") [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\")\n- [![United States](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\")\n\nThese talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the [Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty \"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\") (NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-2) until the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-4) Responding angrily to the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\")'s Presidential Statement[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-5) issued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean [failed satellite launch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 \"Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2\"), the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-6) North Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-7)\n\n## Content of the six-party talks\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Content of the six-party talks\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Six-party_talks.PNG\/500px-Six-party_talks.PNG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Six-party_talks.PNG)\n\nMembers of the six-party nuclear talks\n\nThe main points of contention were:\n\n- **Security guarantee** – this issue has been raised by North Korea since the [Bush administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush_administration \"George W. Bush administration\") (2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when [President](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") [George W. Bush](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush \"George W. Bush\") named North Korea as part of an \"[axis of evil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axis_of_evil \"Axis of evil\")\" in his 2002 [State of the Union Address](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_the_Union_Address \"State of the Union Address\"). After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-8)\n- **The construction of [light water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_water_reactor \"Light water reactor\")** – under the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S.-North_Korea_Agreed_Framework \"U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework\") two [light-water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-water_reactor \"Light-water reactor\") would be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated [nuclear power plant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_power_plant \"Nuclear power plant\") program at [Yongbyon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center \"Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\"). This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002.\n- **Peaceful use of nuclear energy** – whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-9)\n- **Diplomatic relations** – North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program.\n- **Financial restrictions \/ Trade normalization** – The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US\\$24 million[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-11) in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) The United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-13)\n- **Verifiable and Irreversible disarmament** – Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-14) China and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of [nuclear disarmament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_disarmament \"Nuclear disarmament\"). North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil.\n\n## 1st round (27–29 August 2003)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: 1st round (27–29 August 2003)\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg\/250px-Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg)\n\nA figure of a table of the six party talks\n\n- **Representatives:**\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): [Lee Soo-hyuck](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_Soo-hyuck \"Lee Soo-hyuck\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): [Kim Yong-il](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Yong-il_\$politician,_born_1947\$ \"Kim Yong-il (politician, born 1947)\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): [James Kelly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_A._Kelly \"James A. Kelly\"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs \"Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\")\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): [Wang Yi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wang_Yi_\$politician\$ \"Wang Yi (politician)\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): [Mitoji Yabunaka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mitoji_Yabunaka \"Mitoji Yabunaka\"), Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): [Alexander Losyukov](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Losyukov \"Alexander Losyukov\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks.\n- No agreement between parties made.\n\nSee \"Why the 6-party talks will fail\" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal\n\n## 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives:**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Kye-gwan \"Kim Kye-gwan\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including:\n  - Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\n  - Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises.\n- Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004.\n\n## 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including:\n  - Reaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification\n- Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005\n\n## 4th round\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: 4th round\")\\]\n\n### 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): [Song Min-soon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Song_Min-soon \"Song Min-soon\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): [Wu Dawei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Dawei \"Wu Dawei\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy\n- Three-week recess of talks due to [ASEAN Regional Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASEAN_Regional_Forum \"ASEAN Regional Forum\") (ARF) meeting\n\n### 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- Agreement on a Joint Statement[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-15) of six articles, including:\n  - Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\n  - Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration\n  - North Korea to agree to abandon all [nuclear weapons and nuclear programs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction \"North Korea and weapons of mass destruction\") and return to the [NPT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty \"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\") as soon as possible\n  - However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy.\n  - The issue of the [light water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_water_reactor \"Light water reactor\") will be discussed \"at an appropriate time\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-16)\n  - U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula\n  - U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect\n  - U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together.\n  - Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes.\n  - The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral\/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment.\n  - South Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7\/12\/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program.\n  - The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately.\n  - 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'.\n- Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005.\n\n## 5th round\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: 5th round\")\\]\n\n### 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for:\n  - Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle.\n- No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time.\n\n### Events between phases 1 and 2\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Events between phases 1 and 2\")\\]\n\n- In April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macau \"Macau\").[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-17)\n  - The U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not.\n- North Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-19)\n- On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a [successful nuclear test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2006 North Korean nuclear test\"), verified by the U.S. on October 11.\n- In response, the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") passed [Resolution 1718](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718\")[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV5551_2006-20) unanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units, [WMD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction \"Weapons of Mass Destruction\")\\-related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\") and the [Russian Federation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Federation \"Russian Federation\") were quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy.\n- On 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\") later stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")* called \"frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations\" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister [Taro Aso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taro_Aso \"Taro Aso\") stated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-21)\n- On 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-22)\n- On 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-23)\n\n### 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): [Chun Yung-woo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chun_Yung-woo \"Chun Yung-woo\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-24)[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-25)  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated4-26)[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27)  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27)  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27)  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated4-26)  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): [Sergey Razov](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Sergey_Razov&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Sergey Razov (page does not exist)\"), Russian Ambassador to China[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-28)  \n   \n **Objectives achieved**\n\n- Chairman's Statement issued\n  - All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner.\n  - All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met.\n- Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations.\n- Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-29)\n- The 5th round only went into \"recess\" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-30)\n\n### Events between phases 2 and 3\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Events between phases 2 and 3\")\\]\n\n- Russia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) Losyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-32)\n- On 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-33) Apparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-34) The dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the [PRC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\") and [ROK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\") delegations.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-35)\n- Both Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to \"certain agreements\" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) North Korea has viewed these talks as the \"bilateral negotiations\" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in \"preparation for the six-party talks\".[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-36)\n- U.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US\\$13 million of the US\\$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-37)\n- China has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-38)\n- North Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of [fuel oil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuel_oil \"Fuel oil\") a year, similar to the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agreed_Framework \"Agreed Framework\") just before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) There were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-40)\n\n### 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm\n  - North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications\n  - In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days.\n  - All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.\n  - All six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism.\n  - The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas.\n  - All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days\n- Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation.\n- Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\n  - The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-41)\n\n**Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks**\n\n- China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be \"suspended, shut down and sealed\" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish \"four to six\" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was \"prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps\" but was \"neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved\"[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-42)[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-43)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-44)\n- China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39)\n- China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was \"unreasonable\" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39)\n- On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a \"final text\" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by [John Bolton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_R._Bolton \"John R. Bolton\"), former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent \"exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world\".[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-45)\n- The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-46)\n\n## 6th round\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: 6th round\")\\]\n\n### 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the \\$25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a \"Chinese matter\". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said \"there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction\". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. \"The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will\", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-47)\n- The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle.\n- The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the \\$25 million in their hands.\n- A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-48)\n\n**Events taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks**\n\n- The 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-49)\n- On June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-50)\n- On July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-51) On July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-52)\n\n### Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Kye-gwan \"Kim Kye-gwan\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): [Wu Dawei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Dawei \"Wu Dawei\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): [Vladimir Rakhmanin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Rakhmanin \"Vladimir Rakhmanin\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-53)\n  - The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other.\n  - The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of \"action for action\".\n  - North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs.\n  - Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus.\n  - Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\n- A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-54)\n- North Korea warned of a \"crisis\" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-55)\n\n**Events taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks**\n\n- South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-56)\n- US President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-57)\n- Israel reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-58)\n- Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-59)\n\n### 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**\n\n![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Reports from working groups heard and endorsed.\n- Implementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed\n- List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007.[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-60)\n  - DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility.\n  - The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007.\n  - The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a [state sponsor of terrorism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism \"State Sponsors of Terrorism\"), and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations.\n  - The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration.\n  - In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of [HFO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heavy_fuel_oil \"Heavy fuel oil\") (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-61)\n  - The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time.\n- A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-62) However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks.\n\n## Discontinuation of talks in 2009\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: Discontinuation of talks in 2009\")\\]\n\nOn April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced [satellite launch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 \"Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2\"), despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of [ICBM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICBM \"ICBM\") technology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the [Pacific Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean \"Pacific Ocean\"). Despite the failure, U.S. President [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") responded that \"violations must be punished.\"[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-63) South Korea urged heavier [sanctions against North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanctions_against_North_Korea \"Sanctions against North Korea\"). On April 13, the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") agreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV6106-64)[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-65) The following day, [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"), responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it \"will never again take part in such \\[six party\\] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks.\" North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the [International Atomic Energy Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency \"International Atomic Energy Agency\") that they would resume their nuclear weapons program.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-NYT_halt_talks-66)\n\nOn May 25, 2009, North Korea [detonated a nuclear device underground](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2009 North Korean nuclear test\").[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-bbc-67) The test was condemned by the United Nations,[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-68) NATO,[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-69) the other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] On October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand.\n\nOn November 10, 2009, the [Daecheong incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daecheong_incident \"Daecheong incident\") took place.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-70) On this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties.\n\n## North Korean attacks in 2010\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: North Korean attacks in 2010\")\\]\n\n*[Cheonan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ROKS_Cheonan \"ROKS Cheonan\")*, a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard, [sank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking \"ROKS Cheonan sinking\") after an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of [Baengnyeong Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baengnyeong_Island \"Baengnyeong Island\") at 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that *Cheonan* was sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-Korea_Times-71)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-cnn_world-72) This incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea.\n\nOn October 26, 2010, [Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Cross \"Red Cross\") officials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did [UNC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Command \"United Nations Command\") and North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-73)\n\nOn November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's [Yeonpyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeonpyeong \"Yeonpyeong\") Island. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-The_Dong-a_Ilbo-74)\n\n## Proposed resumptions\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: Proposed resumptions\")\\]\n\nOn 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a \"leap day\" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-75) On 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder [Kim il-Sung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_il-Sung \"Kim il-Sung\")'s 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the \"leap day\" agreement.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-76) On 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-77)\n\nOn 29 January 2014, the official Chinese [Xinhua News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhua_News_Agency \"Xinhua News Agency\") announced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-78)\n\nOn April 5, 2018, [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\")'s [paramount leader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount_leader \"Paramount leader\") [Xi Jinping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xi_Jinping \"Xi Jinping\") announced that after a [meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings \"Kim–Xi meetings\") with [North Korea's supreme leader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_leaders_of_North_Korea \"List of leaders of North Korea\") [Kim Jong-un](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong-un \"Kim Jong-un\") that Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending.\n\nOn April 25, 2019, after his [first meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit \"2019 North Korea–Russia summit\") with Kim Jong-un, [Russian President](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia \"President of Russia\") Vladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-79)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=21 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/01\/A_coloured_voting_box.svg\/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg)[Politics portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Politics \"Portal:Politics\")\n\n- [2006 North Korean nuclear test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2006 North Korean nuclear test\")\n- [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agreed_Framework \"Agreed Framework\") (United States–North Korea)\n- [History of Japan–Korea relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations \"History of Japan–Korea relations\")\n- [North Korea–United States relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations \"North Korea–United States relations\")\n- [Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center \"Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\")\n- [2018–19 Korean peace process](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process \"2018–19 Korean peace process\")\n- [P5+1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P5%2B1 \"P5+1\")\n\n## Notes and references\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=22 \"Edit section: Notes and references\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"The Six-party Talks Kicked off\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191214182709\/http:\/\/www.china-un.org\/eng\/zt\/ch\/t25488.htm). [Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Representative_of_China_to_the_United_Nations \"Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations\"). 27 August 2003. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.china-un.org\/eng\/zt\/ch\/t25488.htm) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2017.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"6-party talks: 2nd phase, 5th round\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090915190624\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/18\/content_5503201.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 18 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/18\/content_5503201.htm) on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2006.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Rice hails N Korea nuclear deal\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6358797.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. 13 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-4)**\n   Scanlon, Charles (13 February 2007). [\"The end of a long confrontation?\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6357853.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. Retrieved 13 February 2007.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"UNSC Presidential Statement\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120910123926\/http:\/\/daccess-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/N09\/301\/03\/PDF\/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF). [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations \"United Nations\"). 13 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/daccess-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/N09\/301\/03\/PDF\/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"DPRK Foreign Ministry Vehemently Refutes UNSC's \"Presidential Statement\"\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120910123631\/http:\/\/www.kcna.co.jp\/item\/2009\/200904\/news14\/20090414-23ee.html). [KCNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Central_News_Agency \"Korean Central News Agency\"). 14 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.kcna.co.jp\/item\/2009\/200904\/news14\/20090414-23ee.html) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-7)**\n   Landler, Mark (15 April 2009). [\"North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/15\/world\/asia\/15korea.html?ref=global-home). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 23 May 2010.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-8)**\n   *North Korea and regional security \\| Corea del Norte y la seguridad regional*. Editorial Verbum. 2008. p. 49. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-84-7962-580-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-84-7962-580-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-84-7962-580-1\")\n   \n   .\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-9)**\n   Buszynski, Leszek (2013). *Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue*. Oxon: Routledge. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-135-04484-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-135-04484-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-135-04484-8\")\n   \n   .\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-10)**\n    [\"お知らせ : Yomiuri Online（読売新聞）\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111125010252\/http:\/\/www.yomiuri.co.jp\/dy\/world\/20070129TDY01003.htm). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.yomiuri.co.jp\/dy\/world\/20070129TDY01003.htm) on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2007.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Talks to focus on disarming N.K.\"](http:\/\/www.koreaherald.co.kr\/SITE\/data\/html_dir\/2007\/01\/29\/200701290004.asp) *The Korea Herald*. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service \"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\"))\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-1)\n    [6자회담](http:\/\/www.archives.go.kr\/next\/search\/listSubjectDescription.do?id=010094)\n    \n    \\[Six party talk\\].\n    \n    국가기록원\n    \n    (in Korean). 26 November 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2018.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-13)**\n    Cooper, Helene (12 October 2008). [\"U.S. Declares North Korea Off Terror List\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/10\/13\/world\/asia\/13terror.html). *New York Times*.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-14)**\n    DiFilippo, A. (2006). *Japan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella*. Springer. p. 173. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-230-60072-0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-230-60072-0 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-230-60072-0\")\n    \n    .\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-15)** [Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2005\/53490.htm)\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"North Korea – U.S. Statement\"](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2005\/53499.htm). State Department. 19 September 2005.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"N Korea offers nuclear talks deal\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/4905308.stm). *BBC News*. 13 April 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"DPRK to conduct nuclear test against U.S. hostile policy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061004151629\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-10\/03\/content_5167518.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 3 October 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-10\/03\/content_5167518.htm) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"N Korea statement on nuclear test\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/asia-pacific\/5402292.stm). *BBC News*. 3 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-UN_SPV5551_2006_20-0)** [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") *Verbatim Report* *5551*. [S\/PV\/5551](https:\/\/undocs.org\/S\/PV\/5551) 14 October 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2008.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-21)** [\"North Korea talks 'set to resume'\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6102092.stm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160718190405\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6102092.stm) July 18, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*, 31 October 2006\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-22)** [N. Korea Six Party talks unlikely before '07: Russia](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121104140432\/http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2006\/12\/05\/AR2006120500866.html) *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*, 5 December 2006\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Six-party talks on Korean nuclear issue to resume from Dec.18\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304035957\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/11\/content_5469250.htm). [Xinhua News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhua_News_Agency \"Xinhua News Agency\"). 11 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/11\/content_5469250.htm) on 4 March 2016.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"ROK new chief negotiator for six-party talks visits China\"](http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200603\/09\/eng20060309_249357.html). *[People's Daily](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Daily \"People's Daily\")*. 9 March 2006. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124035546\/http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200603\/09\/eng20060309_249357.html) from the original on 24 November 2007.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"ROK urges six-party talks to focus on denuclearization\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090106101108\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/13\/content_5476896.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 13 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/13\/content_5476896.htm) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated4_26-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated4_26-1)\n    [\"Japan's top negotiator in six-party talks arrives in Beijing\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140218214639\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-11\/26\/content_5377310.htm). [Xinhua News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhua_News_Agency \"Xinhua News Agency\"). 26 November 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-11\/26\/content_5377310.htm) on 18 February 2014.\n27. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-2)\n    [\"China, DPRK, U.S. chief delegates to six-party talks meet in Beijing\"](http:\/\/english.people.com.cn\/200611\/28\/eng20061128_326090.html). *People's Daily*. 28 November 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"Russia changes lead negotiator in six-party talks\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2006\/12\/16\/AR2006121601194.html). *The Washington Post*. Retrieved 23 May 2010.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-29)**\n    [\"DPRK, U.S. meet on nuke, financial issues as six-party talks enter 2nd day\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090107054801\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/20\/content_5508931.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 20 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/20\/content_5508931.htm) on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"6-party talks could start as early as this month: sources\"](http:\/\/english.hani.co.kr\/arti\/english_edition\/e_international\/183259.html). English.hani.co.kr. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n31. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated3_31-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated3_31-1)\n    [\"News \\| the Scotsman\"](http:\/\/news.scotsman.com\/latest.cfm?id=88802007). *The Scotsman*. Retrieved 19 January 2007.\n    \n    \\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"ISCIP – The NIS Observed: Analytical Review: 12 May 2004\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070203015602\/http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/iscip\/digest\/vol9\/ed0908.html). Bu.edu. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/iscip\/digest\/vol9\/ed0908.html) on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"Itar-Tass\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070927230617\/http:\/\/www.itar-tass.com\/eng\/level2.html?NewsID=11193927&PageNum=0). Itar-Tass. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.itar-tass.com\/eng\/level2.html?NewsID=11193927&PageNum=0) on 27 September 2007.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-34)**\n    [\"Announcement on Resuming Six-Party North Korean Nuke Talks Coming on Monday, Japanese Envoy Says\"](https:\/\/www.foxnews.com\/story\/announcement-on-resuming-six-party-north-korean-nuke-talks-coming-on-monday-japanese-envoy-says). *Fox News*. 28 January 2007.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Swift return to Six-Party Talks called for\"](http:\/\/english.people.com.cn\/200701\/26\/eng20070126_345024.html). *People's Daily*. 26 January 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"'Progress' in N Korea-US talks\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/asia-pacific\/6277551.stm). *BBC News*. 19 January 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-37)**\n    [\"Archived copy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19961019132104\/http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.businessweek.com\/) on 19 October 1996. Retrieved 28 January 2007.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title \"Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title\"))\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-38)**\n    [\"Archived copy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070930165334\/http:\/\/www.tuscaloosanews.com\/article\/20070130\/API\/701300525). 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Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-40)**\n    [\"Hill denies signing alleged memorandum with DPRK\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100203193828\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2007-02\/08\/content_5713268.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 8 February 2007. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2007-02\/08\/content_5713268.htm) on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-41)**\n    [\"Six-party talks end with joint document\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070305192355\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2007-02\/13\/content_5735516.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 13 February 2007. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2007-02\/13\/content_5735516.htm) on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-42)**\n    Kim, Jack; Ueno, Teruaki (19 January 2013). [\"U.S. and North Korea Caution on Hope for Deal\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070218004132\/https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory?id=2862187). Abcnews.go.com. Reuters. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/International\/wireStory?id=2862187) on 18 February 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-43)**\n    Callick, Rowan (10 February 2007). [\"Beijing proposal opens up N-talks\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070211190537\/http:\/\/www.theaustralian.news.com.au\/story\/0,20867,21201335-31477,00.html). *The Australian*. 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Retrieved 13 February 2007.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-46)**\n    [\"Nuclear talks appear to secure breakthrough\"](http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/world\/2007-02\/13\/content_808419.htm). Chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-47)**\n    [\"North Korea Nuclear Talks Recess Amid Transfer Snafu (Update3)\"](https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601101&sid=aVWf.4rVYsDQ&refer=japan). *Bloomberg*. 22 March 2007.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-48)**\n    Kaku, Michio (10 June 2012). [\"Images of North Korean reactor hint at progress of talks\"](http:\/\/www.iht.com\/articles\/2007\/04\/17\/news\/korea.php). *International Herald Tribune*. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-49)**\n    Hagström, Linus (2009) \"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks,\" Asian Survey 49 (5): 831–51,\n    \n    Hagströöm, Linus (2009). \"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks?\". *Asian Survey*. **49** (5): 831–851\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1525\/as.2009.49.5.831](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525%2Fas.2009.49.5.831).\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-50)**\n    [\"Russia Agrees To Help End North Korea Banking Row\"](http:\/\/www.spacewar.com\/reports\/Russia_Agrees_To_Help_End_North_Korea_Banking_Row_999.html). Spacewar.com. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-51)**\n    Herman, Burt (15 July 2007). [\"Envoy: N. 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Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n54. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-54)**\n    [\"North Korea talks end but wrangling to continue\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121004153922\/http:\/\/thestar.com.my\/news\/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F7%2F20%2Fworldupdates%2F2007-07-20T144737Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_-285706-3&sec=Worldupdates). Thestar.com.my. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/thestar.com.my\/news\/story.asp?file=\/2007\/7\/20\/worldupdates\/2007-07-20T144737Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_-285706-3&sec=Worldupdates) on 4 October 2012. 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Retrieved 23 May 2010.\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"Politics – Israel 'warned US about North Korea-Syria link'\"](http:\/\/www.dailystar.com.lb\/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=85466). The Daily Star. 22 September 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-59)**\n    [\"News – New Japan PM promises NKorea flexibility\"](http:\/\/www.radioaustralia.net.au\/news\/stories\/s2041331.htm). Radio Australia. 24 September 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-60)**\n    [\"Second-Phase Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement (Six-Party Talks on North Korean Issues)\"](http:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/region\/asia-paci\/n_korea\/6party\/action0710.html). MOFA. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n61. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-61)**\n    Hayes, Peter (13 November 2007). [\"The Six-Party Talks: Meeting North Korea's energy needs\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130602180507\/http:\/\/www.thebulletin.org\/web-edition\/features\/the-six-party-talks-meeting-north-korea%E2%80%99s-energy-needs). Thebulletin.org. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.thebulletin.org\/web-edition\/features\/the-six-party-talks-meeting-north-korea%E2%80%99s-energy-needs) on 2 June 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2006.\n62. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-62)**\n    [\"Date of 6-sided meeting on NKorea to be set by yearend – Losyukov\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071002223641\/http:\/\/www.itar-tass.com\/eng\/level2.html?NewsID=11923173&PageNum=0). Itar-Tass. 1 October 2007. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.itar-tass.com\/eng\/level2.html?NewsID=11923173&PageNum=0) on 2 October 2007.\n63. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-63)** [Remarks by President Barack Obama](https:\/\/obamawhitehouse.archives.gov\/the_press_office\/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered\/) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150610235129\/http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the_press_office\/Remarks-By-President-Barack-Obama-In-Prague-As-Delivered\/) June 10, 2015, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), Prague, April 5, 2009.\n64. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-UN_SPV6106_64-0)** [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") *Verbatim Report* *6106*. [S\/PV\/6106](https:\/\/undocs.org\/S\/PV\/6106) {{{date}}}. Retrieved 16 April 2009.\n65. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-65)** [SC\/9364](https:\/\/www.un.org\/News\/Press\/docs\/2009\/sc9634.doc.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140904142215\/http:\/\/www.un.org\/News\/Press\/docs\/2009\/sc9634.doc.htm) September 4, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") Security Council Condemns Launch by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Agrees to Adjust Travel Ban, Assets Freeze, Arms Embargo Imposed in 2006, April 13, 2009\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-NYT_halt_talks_66-0)**\n    Landler, Mark (14 April 2009). [\"North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/15\/world\/asia\/15korea.html?ref=global-home). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 15 April 2009.\n67. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-bbc_67-0)**\n    [\"North Korea conducts nuclear test\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/8066615.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. 25 May 2009. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161123154242\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/8066615.stm) from the original on 23 November 2016.\n68. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-68)**\n    Charbonneau, Louis (25 May 2009). [\"U.N. Security Council condemns North Korea nuclear test\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/worldNews\/idUSTRE54O4FS20090525). *Reuters*. Retrieved 26 May 2009.\n69. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-69)**\n    [\"FACTBOX-Reaction to North Korea's nuclear test\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090531054141\/http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/feeds\/reuters\/2009\/05\/25\/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html). *Forbes*. 25 May 2009. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/feeds\/reuters\/2009\/05\/25\/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html) on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.\n70. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-70)**\n    Foster, Peter (10 November 2009). [\"North and South Korea warships exchange fire\"](https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/southkorea\/6536557\/North-and-South-Korea-warships-exchange-fire.html). *The Daily Telegraph*. London.\n71. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-Korea_Times_71-0)**\n    [\"Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report\"](https:\/\/www.koreatimes.co.kr\/www\/news\/nation\/2010\/09\/205_72997.html). Koreatimes.co.kr. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n72. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-cnn_world_72-0)**\n    [\"Report: South Korean navy ship sinks - CNN.com\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120713090742\/http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2010-03-26\/world\/south.korea.ship.sinking_1_korean-broadcasting-system-kbs-north-korea?_s=PM:WORLD). Articles.cnn.com. 27 March 2010. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/articles.cnn.com\/2010-03-26\/world\/south.korea.ship.sinking_1_korean-broadcasting-system-kbs-north-korea?_s=PM:WORLD) on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n73. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-73)** *[Korea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=xnhPyHbdD-gC&dq=Wu+dawei+red+cross&pg=PA16)*, Rüdiger Frank, James E. Hoare, Patrick Köllner, Susan Pares. 2011.\n74. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-The_Dong-a_Ilbo_74-0)**\n    [\"NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines\"](http:\/\/english.donga.com\/srv\/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388). *The Dong-a Ilbo*. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n75. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-75)**\n    [\"North Korean nuclear progress: Leap of faith\"](https:\/\/www.economist.com\/blogs\/banyan\/2012\/03\/north-korean-nuclear-progress). *The Economist online*. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.\n76. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-76)**\n    Sang-hun, Choe; Myers, Steven Lee (16 March 2012). [\"North Korea Says It Will Launch Satellite Into Orbit\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/03\/17\/world\/asia\/north-korea-satellite-launch-missile-test.html?pagewanted=all). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 17 March 2012.\n77. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-77)**\n    [\"North Korea Rocket 2012: Launch Reported By South Korea\"](https:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/2012\/04\/12\/north-korea-rocket-2012-l_n_1422319.html). *Huffington Post*. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.\n78. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-78)**\n    [\"Tweet by Xinhua News Agency: DPRK ambassador to China on resumption of six-party talks\"](https:\/\/twitter.com\/XHNews\/statuses\/428431591141298177). *Twitter*. Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.\n79. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-79)**\n    Soldatkin, Vladimir; Vasilyeva, Maria (25 April 2019). [\"Putin says U.S. guarantees unlikely to prompt North Korea to de-nuclearize\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-northkorea-russia\/putin-says-u-s-guarantees-unlikely-to-prompt-north-korea-to-de-nuclearize-idUSKCN1S02TP). *Reuters*.\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=23 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- Linus Hagström and Marie Söderberg (2006) [*North Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers*](http:\/\/www.routledge.com\/books\/details\/9780415399166\/), London and New York: Routledge.\n- [Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement](http:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/zxxx\/t297463.htm) (Full text of Chairman's Statement), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China\"), [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\"), 13 February 2007\n- [The Best U.S. Response to North Korea's Failed Missile Test](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061127182306\/http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/now\/shows\/227\/north-korea-missile-test.html) *NOW on PBS*, July 7, 2006\n- [North Korean Denuclearisation: A Chinese View of the Way Forward](http:\/\/www.acronym.org.uk\/dd\/dd82\/82hz.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110415084554\/http:\/\/www.acronym.org.uk\/dd\/dd82\/82hz.htm) April 15, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), [Acronym Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acronym_Institute \"Acronym Institute\"), Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring 2006\n- [\"Inside Multilateralism: The Six-Party Talks\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061230192135\/http:\/\/www.twq.com\/05autumn\/docs\/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.twq.com\/05autumn\/docs\/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF) on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2007.\n  (113 KB), John S. Park, [The Washington Quarterly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Quarterly \"The Washington Quarterly\"), Vol. 28, No. 4, Autumn 2005\n- [North Korea Says It Will Abandon Nuclear Efforts](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/09\/19\/international\/asia\/19korea.html), [New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\"), September 19, 2005\n- [U.S.-Korean Deal on Arms Leaves Key Points Open](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/09\/20\/international\/asia\/20korea.html), [New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\"), September 20, 2005\n- [Nuke talks reach agreements](http:\/\/www.korea.net\/News\/News\/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124082632\/http:\/\/www.korea.net\/News\/News\/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), [Korea.Net](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Korea.Net&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Korea.Net (page does not exist)\"), September 19, 2005\n- [Full Text of Six-nation Statement on North Korea](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051222082506\/http:\/\/www.nautilus.org\/napsnet\/sr\/2005\/0577Agreement.html), [Nautilus Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability \"Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability\"), September 20, 2005\n- [Light Water Reactors at the Six Party Talks: The Barrier that Makes the Water Flow](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051222090859\/http:\/\/www.nautilus.org\/fora\/security\/0578LWR.html), [Nautilus Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability \"Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability\"), September 21, 2005\n- [Full text of Chairman's Statement](http:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/zxxx\/t221094.htm), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China\"), [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\"), 11 November 2005\n- [North Korea Unveils 5-Step Roadmap for Scrapping Nukes](http:\/\/times.hankooki.com\/lpage\/nation\/200511\/kt2005111417033311950.htm)\\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\], [Korea Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_Times \"Korea Times\"), 14 November 2005\n- [North Korea and the \"six-party talks\": a road to nowhere](http:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/globalization-institutions_government\/northkorea_3445.jsp), David Wall, [openDemocracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenDemocracy \"OpenDemocracy\"), 12 April 2006\n- [Whither the Six-Party Talks?](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060518092046\/http:\/\/www.usip.org\/pubs\/usipeace_briefings\/2006\/0517_six_party_talks.html) [U.S. Institute of Peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Institute_of_Peace \"U.S. Institute of Peace\") Briefing, May 2006\n- [A Denuclearization Deal in Beijing](http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/ArticleView\/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124080444\/http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/ArticleView\/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), Gavan McCormack, 2007-02-15 – step-by-step review of Bush policies towards the negotiations\n- Linus Hagström (2009) [\"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks\"](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/discover\/10.1525\/as.2009.49.5.831?uid=16801488&uid=3738984&uid=2&uid=3&uid=18149320&uid=67&uid=62&sid=21101166739457) [Asian Survey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asian_Survey \"Asian Survey\") 49 (5): 831–51.\n- [North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/rm\/2007\/81204.htm), [Christopher R. Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs \"Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\"), [House Foreign Affairs Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee \"House Foreign Affairs Committee\"), February 28, 2007.\n  [\"North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement\"](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/rm\/2007\/81204.htm). February 28, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017.\n- Richard S. Tracey [*Using the PATRIOT Act to Turn North Korea's Dirty Money into a Bargaining Chip*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090617095049\/http:\/\/www.au.af.mil\/au\/ssq\/2009\/Summer\/tracey.pdf), Strategic Studies Quarterly, Summer 2009.\n- [The Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future](https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/the-korean-nuclear-issue-past-present-and-future\/) by Fu Ying\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea \"Template:Nuclear program of North Korea\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea \"Template talk:Nuclear program of North Korea\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Nuclear program of North Korea\")[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction \"North Korea and weapons of mass destruction\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Main topics | [Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_North_Korean_nuclear_program \"Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program\") [Nuclear power in North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_power_in_North_Korea \"Nuclear power in North Korea\") [1994 North Korean nuclear crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis \"1994 North Korean nuclear crisis\") [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agreed_Framework \"Agreed Framework\") [Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Peninsula_Energy_Development_Organization \"Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization\") [A. Q. Khan network](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abdul_Qadeer_Khan#North_Korea,_Iran,_and_Libya \"Abdul Qadeer Khan\") [Japan–North Korea Pyongyang Declaration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan%E2%80%93North_Korea_Pyongyang_Declaration \"Japan–North Korea Pyongyang Declaration\") [Six-party talks]() [Sanctions against North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanctions_against_North_Korea \"Sanctions against North Korea\") [2017–18 North Korea crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017%E2%80%9318_North_Korea_crisis \"2017–18 North Korea crisis\") [2018 inter-Korean summit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/April_2018_inter-Korean_summit \"April 2018 inter-Korean summit\") [2018 DPRK—US Singapore Summit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit \"2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit\") [2019 DPRK–US Hanoi Summit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit \"2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit\") [2019 Koreas–US DMZ Summit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit \"2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit\") |\n| [Missile tests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_North_Korean_missile_tests \"List of North Korean missile tests\") | [1993](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1993_North_Korean_missile_test \"1993 North Korean missile test\") [2006](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_missile_test \"2006 North Korean missile test\") [2009](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_North_Korean_missile_tests \"2009 North Korean missile tests\") [2013](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_North_Korean_missile_tests \"2013 North Korean missile tests\") [2014](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_North_Korean_missile_tests \"2014 North Korean missile tests\") [2017](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017_North_Korean_missile_tests \"2017 North Korean missile tests\") [2021–2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021%E2%80%932023_North_Korean_missile_tests \"2021–2023 North Korean missile tests\") |\n| [Nuclear tests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_North_Korea \"List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Fission | [2006](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2006 North Korean nuclear test\") [2009](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2009 North Korean nuclear test\") [2013](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2013 North Korean nuclear test\") [September 2016](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_2016_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"September 2016 North Korean nuclear test\") |\n| Claimed as [thermonuclear](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermonuclear_weapon \"Thermonuclear weapon\") | [January 2016](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/January_2016_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"January 2016 North Korean nuclear test\") [2017](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2017 North Korean nuclear test\") |\n| Facilities |   |\n|   |   |\n| Production | [Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nyongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center \"Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\") [Kangson enrichment site](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kangson_enrichment_site \"Kangson enrichment site\") [Pyongsan uranium mine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pyongsan_County#Uranium_mine_and_milling_plant \"Pyongsan County\") |\n| Testing | [Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punggye-ri_Nuclear_Test_Site \"Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site\") |\n| People |   |\n|   |   |\n| Leaders | [Kim Jong Il](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong_Il \"Kim Jong Il\") [Kim Jong Un](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong_Un \"Kim Jong Un\") |\n| Diplomats | [Kang Sok-ju](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kang_Sok-ju \"Kang Sok-ju\") [Kim Kye-gwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Kye-gwan \"Kim Kye-gwan\") [Choe Son-hui](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Choe_Son-hui \"Choe Son-hui\") |\n| Scientists | [Hong Sung-mu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hong_Sung-mu \"Hong Sung-mu\") [Ri Hong-sop](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ri_Hong-sop \"Ri Hong-sop\") [Chon Chibu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chon_Chibu \"Chon Chibu\") [Kyong Won-ha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kyong_Won-ha \"Kyong Won-ha\") |\n| [Nuclear warheads](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_warhead \"Nuclear warhead\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Warheads | [Hwasan-31](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasan-31 \"Hwasan-31\") [tactical warhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tactical_nuclear_weapon \"Tactical nuclear weapon\") [Hwasong-13 warhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hwasong-13_warhead&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Hwasong-13 warhead (page does not exist)\") \\[[ko](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KN-08_%ED%95%B5%ED%83%84%EB%91%90 \"ko:KN-08 핵탄두\")\\] [Hwasong-15 warhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hwasong-15_warhead&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Hwasong-15 warhead (page does not exist)\") \\[[ko](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/KN-22_%EC%97%B4%ED%95%B5%ED%83%84%EB%91%90 \"ko:KN-22 열핵탄두\")\\] |\n| Land | *[Hwasong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasong_\$missile_family\$ \"Hwasong (missile family)\")* ballistic missiles [Intercontinental](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICBM \"ICBM\") [Hwasong-15](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasong-15 \"Hwasong-15\") [Hwasong-17](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasong-17 \"Hwasong-17\") [Hwasong-18](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasong-18 \"Hwasong-18\") *Hwasal* cruise missiles [Hwasal-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasal-1 \"Hwasal-1\") [Hwasal-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwasal-2 \"Hwasal-2\") |\n| Sea | *[Pukguksong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Navy#Weapons \"Korean People's Navy\")* submarine-launched ballistic missiles |\n| [UN resolutions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea \"List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea\") | [825](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_825 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 825\") [1695](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1695 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695\") [1718](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718\") [1874](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1874 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874\") [1928](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1928 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1928\") [1985](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1985 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1985\") [2087](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2087 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2087\") [2094](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2094 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2094\") [2270](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2270 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2270\") [2321](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2321 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2321\") [2371](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2371 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2371\") [2375](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2375 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2375\") [2397](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2397 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 2397\") |\n| Related | [Korean People's Army](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army \"Korean People's Army\") [Strategic Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Army_Strategic_Force \"Korean People's Army Strategic Force\") [Missile Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DPRK_Missile_Administration \"DPRK Missile Administration\") [Navy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_People%27s_Navy \"Korean People's Navy\") [2024 DPRK–Russia treaty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korean%E2%80%93Russian_Treaty_on_Comprehensive_Strategic_Partnership \"North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership\") [Assassination of Kim Jong-nam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam \"Assassination of Kim Jong-nam\") [South Korea and weapons of mass destruction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction \"South Korea and weapons of mass destruction\") [South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea_Ballistic_Missile_Range_Guidelines \"South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines\") [Nuclear power in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea \"Nuclear power in South Korea\") [Pakistan–North Korea relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pakistan%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations \"Pakistan–North Korea relations\") |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&oldid=1315233631>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [History of international relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:History_of_international_relations \"Category:History of international relations\")\n- [Nuclear program of North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea \"Category:Nuclear program of North Korea\")\n- [Multilateral relations of Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Multilateral_relations_of_Russia \"Category:Multilateral relations of Russia\")\n- [Multilateral relations of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Multilateral_relations_of_China \"Category:Multilateral relations of China\")\n- [Diplomatic conferences in China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Diplomatic_conferences_in_China \"Category:Diplomatic conferences in China\")\n- [21st-century diplomatic 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The states involved were:\n\nThese talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the [Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty \"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\") (NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-2) until the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-4) Responding angrily to the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\")'s Presidential Statement[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-5) issued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean [failed satellite launch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 \"Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2\"), the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-6) North Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-7)\n\n## Content of the six-party talks\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Content of the six-party talks\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Six-party_talks.PNG\/500px-Six-party_talks.PNG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Six-party_talks.PNG)\n\nMembers of the six-party nuclear talks\n\nThe main points of contention were:\n\n- **Security guarantee** – this issue has been raised by North Korea since the [Bush administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush_administration \"George W. Bush administration\") (2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when [President](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_the_United_States \"President of the United States\") [George W. Bush](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_W._Bush \"George W. Bush\") named North Korea as part of an \"[axis of evil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axis_of_evil \"Axis of evil\")\" in his 2002 [State of the Union Address](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_of_the_Union_Address \"State of the Union Address\"). After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-8)\n- **The construction of [light water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_water_reactor \"Light water reactor\")** – under the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S.-North_Korea_Agreed_Framework \"U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework\") two [light-water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light-water_reactor \"Light-water reactor\") would be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated [nuclear power plant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_power_plant \"Nuclear power plant\") program at [Yongbyon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center \"Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\"). This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002.\n- **Peaceful use of nuclear energy** – whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-9)\n- **Diplomatic relations** – North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program.\n- **Financial restrictions \/ Trade normalization** – The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US\\$24 million[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-10)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-11) in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) The United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-13)\n- **Verifiable and Irreversible disarmament** – Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-14) China and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of [nuclear disarmament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_disarmament \"Nuclear disarmament\"). North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil.\n\n## 1st round (27–29 August 2003)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: 1st round (27–29 August 2003)\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f9\/Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg\/250px-Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg)\n\nA figure of a table of the six party talks\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks.\n- No agreement between parties made.\n\nSee \"Why the 6-party talks will fail\" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal\n\n## 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives:**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Kye-gwan \"Kim Kye-gwan\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including:\n  - Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\n  - Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises.\n- Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004.\n\n## 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including:\n  - Reaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification\n- Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005\n\n### 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): [Song Min-soon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Song_Min-soon \"Song Min-soon\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): [Wu Dawei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Dawei \"Wu Dawei\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy\n- Three-week recess of talks due to [ASEAN Regional Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ASEAN_Regional_Forum \"ASEAN Regional Forum\") (ARF) meeting\n\n### 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- Agreement on a Joint Statement[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-15) of six articles, including:\n  - Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula\n  - Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration\n  - North Korea to agree to abandon all [nuclear weapons and nuclear programs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction \"North Korea and weapons of mass destruction\") and return to the [NPT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty \"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty\") as soon as possible\n  - However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy.\n  - The issue of the [light water reactors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_water_reactor \"Light water reactor\") will be discussed \"at an appropriate time\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-16)\n  - U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula\n  - U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect\n  - U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together.\n  - Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes.\n  - The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral\/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment.\n  - South Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7\/12\/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program.\n  - The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately.\n  - 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'.\n- Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005.\n\n### 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Outcomes**\n\n- Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for:\n  - Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle.\n- No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time.\n\n### Events between phases 1 and 2\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Events between phases 1 and 2\")\\]\n\n- In April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in [Macau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macau \"Macau\").[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-17)\n  - The U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not.\n- North Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-19)\n- On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a [successful nuclear test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2006 North Korean nuclear test\"), verified by the U.S. on October 11.\n- In response, the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") passed [Resolution 1718](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 \"United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718\")[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV5551_2006-20) unanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units, [WMD](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction \"Weapons of Mass Destruction\")\\-related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\") and the [Russian Federation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_Federation \"Russian Federation\") were quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy.\n- On 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\") later stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")* called \"frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations\" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister [Taro Aso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taro_Aso \"Taro Aso\") stated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-21)\n- On 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-22)\n- On 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-23)\n\n### 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)\")\\]\n\n- Chairman's Statement issued\n  - All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner.\n  - All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met.\n- Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations.\n- Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-29)\n- The 5th round only went into \"recess\" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-30)\n\n### Events between phases 2 and 3\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Events between phases 2 and 3\")\\]\n\n- Russia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) Losyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-32)\n- On 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-33) Apparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-34) The dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the [PRC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\") and [ROK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\") delegations.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-35)\n- Both Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to \"certain agreements\" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) North Korea has viewed these talks as the \"bilateral negotiations\" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in \"preparation for the six-party talks\".[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-36)\n- U.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US\\$13 million of the US\\$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-37)\n- China has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-38)\n- North Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of [fuel oil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fuel_oil \"Fuel oil\") a year, similar to the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agreed_Framework \"Agreed Framework\") just before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) There were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-40)\n\n### 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm\n  - North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications\n  - In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days.\n  - All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum.\n  - All six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism.\n  - The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas.\n  - All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days\n- Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation.\n- Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\n  - The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-41)\n\n**Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks**\n\n- China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be \"suspended, shut down and sealed\" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish \"four to six\" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was \"prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps\" but was \"neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved\"[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-42)[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-43)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-44)\n- China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39)\n- China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was \"unreasonable\" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39)\n- On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a \"final text\" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by [John Bolton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_R._Bolton \"John R. Bolton\"), former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent \"exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world\".[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-45)\n- The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-46)\n\n### 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the \\$25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a \"Chinese matter\". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said \"there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction\". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. \"The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will\", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-47)\n- The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle.\n- The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the \\$25 million in their hands.\n- A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-48)\n\n**Events taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks**\n\n- The 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-49)\n- On June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-50)\n- On July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-51) On July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-52)\n\n### Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**  \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Kye-gwan \"Kim Kye-gwan\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): [Christopher Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): [Wu Dawei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wu_Dawei \"Wu Dawei\"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): [Vladimir Rakhmanin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vladimir_Rakhmanin \"Vladimir Rakhmanin\"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-53)\n  - The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other.\n  - The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of \"action for action\".\n  - North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs.\n  - Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus.\n  - Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia.\n- A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-54)\n- North Korea warned of a \"crisis\" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-55)\n\n**Events taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks**\n\n- South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-56)\n- US President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-57)\n- Israel reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-58)\n- Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea.[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-59)\n\n### 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)\")\\]\n\n**Representatives**\n\n![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_Korea \"South Korea\"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/51\/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5d\/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/9e\/Flag_of_Japan.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan \"Japan\"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau   \n ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Russia.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russia \"Russia\"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs\n\n**Objectives achieved**\n\n- Reports from working groups heard and endorsed.\n- Implementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed\n- List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007.[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-60)\n  - DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility.\n  - The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007.\n  - The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a [state sponsor of terrorism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism \"State Sponsors of Terrorism\"), and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations.\n  - The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration.\n  - In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of [HFO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heavy_fuel_oil \"Heavy fuel oil\") (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-61)\n  - The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time.\n- A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-62) However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks.\n\n## Discontinuation of talks in 2009\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: Discontinuation of talks in 2009\")\\]\n\nOn April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced [satellite launch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 \"Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2\"), despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of [ICBM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ICBM \"ICBM\") technology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the [Pacific Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Ocean \"Pacific Ocean\"). Despite the failure, U.S. President [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") responded that \"violations must be punished.\"[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-63) South Korea urged heavier [sanctions against North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanctions_against_North_Korea \"Sanctions against North Korea\"). On April 13, the [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") agreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV6106-64)[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-65) The following day, [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\"), responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it \"will never again take part in such \\[six party\\] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks.\" North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the [International Atomic Energy Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency \"International Atomic Energy Agency\") that they would resume their nuclear weapons program.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-NYT_halt_talks-66)\n\nOn May 25, 2009, North Korea [detonated a nuclear device underground](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2009 North Korean nuclear test\").[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-bbc-67) The test was condemned by the United Nations,[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-68) NATO,[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-69) the other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] On October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand.\n\nOn November 10, 2009, the [Daecheong incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daecheong_incident \"Daecheong incident\") took place.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-70) On this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties.\n\n## North Korean attacks in 2010\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: North Korean attacks in 2010\")\\]\n\n*[Cheonan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ROKS_Cheonan \"ROKS Cheonan\")*, a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard, [sank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking \"ROKS Cheonan sinking\") after an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of [Baengnyeong Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baengnyeong_Island \"Baengnyeong Island\") at 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that *Cheonan* was sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-Korea_Times-71)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-cnn_world-72) This incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea.\n\nOn October 26, 2010, [Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Cross \"Red Cross\") officials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did [UNC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Command \"United Nations Command\") and North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-73)\n\nOn November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's [Yeonpyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeonpyeong \"Yeonpyeong\") Island. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-The_Dong-a_Ilbo-74)\n\n## Proposed resumptions\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=20 \"Edit section: Proposed resumptions\")\\]\n\nOn 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a \"leap day\" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-75) On 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder [Kim il-Sung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_il-Sung \"Kim il-Sung\")'s 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the \"leap day\" agreement.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-76) On 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-77)\n\nOn 29 January 2014, the official Chinese [Xinhua News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhua_News_Agency \"Xinhua News Agency\") announced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-78)\n\nOn April 5, 2018, [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/China \"China\")'s [paramount leader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paramount_leader \"Paramount leader\") [Xi Jinping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xi_Jinping \"Xi Jinping\") announced that after a [meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings \"Kim–Xi meetings\") with [North Korea's supreme leader](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_leaders_of_North_Korea \"List of leaders of North Korea\") [Kim Jong-un](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Jong-un \"Kim Jong-un\") that Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending.\n\nOn April 25, 2019, after his [first meeting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit \"2019 North Korea–Russia summit\") with Kim Jong-un, [Russian President](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/President_of_Russia \"President of Russia\") Vladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_note-79)\n\n- [2006 North Korean nuclear test](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test \"2006 North Korean nuclear test\")\n- [Agreed Framework](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agreed_Framework \"Agreed Framework\") (United States–North Korea)\n- [History of Japan–Korea relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations \"History of Japan–Korea relations\")\n- [North Korea–United States relations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations \"North Korea–United States relations\")\n- [Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center \"Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center\")\n- [2018–19 Korean peace process](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process \"2018–19 Korean peace process\")\n- [P5+1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P5%2B1 \"P5+1\")\n\n## Notes and references\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=22 \"Edit section: Notes and references\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"The Six-party Talks Kicked off\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191214182709\/http:\/\/www.china-un.org\/eng\/zt\/ch\/t25488.htm). [Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Representative_of_China_to_the_United_Nations \"Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations\"). 27 August 2003. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.china-un.org\/eng\/zt\/ch\/t25488.htm) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2017.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"6-party talks: 2nd phase, 5th round\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090915190624\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/18\/content_5503201.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 18 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/18\/content_5503201.htm) on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2006.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-3)**\n   [\"Rice hails N Korea nuclear deal\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6358797.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. 13 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-4)**\n   Scanlon, Charles (13 February 2007). [\"The end of a long confrontation?\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6357853.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. Retrieved 13 February 2007.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"UNSC Presidential Statement\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120910123926\/http:\/\/daccess-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/N09\/301\/03\/PDF\/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF). [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations \"United Nations\"). 13 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/daccess-dds-ny.un.org\/doc\/UNDOC\/GEN\/N09\/301\/03\/PDF\/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"DPRK Foreign Ministry Vehemently Refutes UNSC's \"Presidential Statement\"\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120910123631\/http:\/\/www.kcna.co.jp\/item\/2009\/200904\/news14\/20090414-23ee.html). [KCNA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Central_News_Agency \"Korean Central News Agency\"). 14 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.kcna.co.jp\/item\/2009\/200904\/news14\/20090414-23ee.html) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-7)**\n   Landler, Mark (15 April 2009). [\"North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/15\/world\/asia\/15korea.html?ref=global-home). *The New York Times*. Retrieved 23 May 2010.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-8)**\n   *North Korea and regional security \\| Corea del Norte y la seguridad regional*. Editorial Verbum. 2008. p. 49. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-84-7962-580-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-84-7962-580-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-84-7962-580-1\")\n   \n   .\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-9)**\n   Buszynski, Leszek (2013). *Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue*. Oxon: Routledge. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-1-135-04484-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-135-04484-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-135-04484-8\")\n   \n   .\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-10)**\n    [\"お知らせ : Yomiuri Online（読売新聞）\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111125010252\/http:\/\/www.yomiuri.co.jp\/dy\/world\/20070129TDY01003.htm). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.yomiuri.co.jp\/dy\/world\/20070129TDY01003.htm) on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2007.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Talks to focus on disarming N.K.\"](http:\/\/www.koreaherald.co.kr\/SITE\/data\/html_dir\/2007\/01\/29\/200701290004.asp) *The Korea Herald*. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service \"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\"))\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-1)\n    [6자회담](http:\/\/www.archives.go.kr\/next\/search\/listSubjectDescription.do?id=010094)\n    \n    \\[Six party talk\\].\n    \n    국가기록원\n    \n    (in Korean). 26 November 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2018.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-13)**\n    Cooper, Helene (12 October 2008). [\"U.S. Declares North Korea Off Terror List\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2008\/10\/13\/world\/asia\/13terror.html). *New York Times*.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-14)**\n    DiFilippo, A. (2006). *Japan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella*. Springer. p. 173. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-230-60072-0](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-230-60072-0 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-230-60072-0\")\n    \n    .\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-15)** [Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2005\/53490.htm)\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"North Korea – U.S. Statement\"](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/r\/pa\/prs\/ps\/2005\/53499.htm). State Department. 19 September 2005.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"N Korea offers nuclear talks deal\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/4905308.stm). *BBC News*. 13 April 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-18)**\n    [\"DPRK to conduct nuclear test against U.S. hostile policy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061004151629\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-10\/03\/content_5167518.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 3 October 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-10\/03\/content_5167518.htm) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"N Korea statement on nuclear test\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/asia-pacific\/5402292.stm). *BBC News*. 3 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-UN_SPV5551_2006_20-0)** [United Nations Security Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Security_Council \"United Nations Security Council\") *Verbatim Report* *5551*. [S\/PV\/5551](https:\/\/undocs.org\/S\/PV\/5551) 14 October 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2008.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-21)** [\"North Korea talks 'set to resume'\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6102092.stm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160718190405\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/asia-pacific\/6102092.stm) July 18, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*, 31 October 2006\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-22)** [N. Korea Six Party talks unlikely before '07: Russia](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121104140432\/http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2006\/12\/05\/AR2006120500866.html) *[Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington_Post \"Washington Post\")*, 5 December 2006\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Six-party talks on Korean nuclear issue to resume from Dec.18\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304035957\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/11\/content_5469250.htm). [Xinhua News Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhua_News_Agency \"Xinhua News Agency\"). 11 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/11\/content_5469250.htm) on 4 March 2016.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"ROK new chief negotiator for six-party talks visits China\"](http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200603\/09\/eng20060309_249357.html). *[People's Daily](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Daily \"People's Daily\")*. 9 March 2006. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124035546\/http:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/200603\/09\/eng20060309_249357.html) from the original on 24 November 2007.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"ROK urges six-party talks to focus on denuclearization\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090106101108\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2006-12\/13\/content_5476896.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 13 December 2006. 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[\"Putin says U.S. guarantees unlikely to prompt North Korea to de-nuclearize\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-northkorea-russia\/putin-says-u-s-guarantees-unlikely-to-prompt-north-korea-to-de-nuclearize-idUSKCN1S02TP). *Reuters*.\n\n- Linus Hagström and Marie Söderberg (2006) [*North Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers*](http:\/\/www.routledge.com\/books\/details\/9780415399166\/), London and New York: Routledge.\n- [Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement](http:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/zxxx\/t297463.htm) (Full text of Chairman's Statement), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China\"), [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\"), 13 February 2007\n- [The Best U.S. Response to North Korea's Failed Missile Test](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061127182306\/http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/now\/shows\/227\/north-korea-missile-test.html) *NOW on PBS*, July 7, 2006\n- [North Korean Denuclearisation: A Chinese View of the Way Forward](http:\/\/www.acronym.org.uk\/dd\/dd82\/82hz.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110415084554\/http:\/\/www.acronym.org.uk\/dd\/dd82\/82hz.htm) April 15, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), [Acronym Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acronym_Institute \"Acronym Institute\"), Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring 2006\n- [\"Inside Multilateralism: The Six-Party Talks\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061230192135\/http:\/\/www.twq.com\/05autumn\/docs\/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.twq.com\/05autumn\/docs\/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF) on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2007.\n  (113 KB), John S. Park, [The Washington Quarterly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Quarterly \"The Washington Quarterly\"), Vol. 28, No. 4, Autumn 2005\n- [North Korea Says It Will Abandon Nuclear Efforts](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/09\/19\/international\/asia\/19korea.html), [New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\"), September 19, 2005\n- [U.S.-Korean Deal on Arms Leaves Key Points Open](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/09\/20\/international\/asia\/20korea.html), [New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_Times \"New York Times\"), September 20, 2005\n- [Nuke talks reach agreements](http:\/\/www.korea.net\/News\/News\/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124082632\/http:\/\/www.korea.net\/News\/News\/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), [Korea.Net](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Korea.Net&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Korea.Net (page does not exist)\"), September 19, 2005\n- [Full Text of Six-nation Statement on North Korea](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051222082506\/http:\/\/www.nautilus.org\/napsnet\/sr\/2005\/0577Agreement.html), [Nautilus Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability \"Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability\"), September 20, 2005\n- [Light Water Reactors at the Six Party Talks: The Barrier that Makes the Water Flow](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051222090859\/http:\/\/www.nautilus.org\/fora\/security\/0578LWR.html), [Nautilus Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability \"Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability\"), September 21, 2005\n- [Full text of Chairman's Statement](http:\/\/www.fmprc.gov.cn\/eng\/zxxx\/t221094.htm), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China \"Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China\"), [People's Republic of China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/People%27s_Republic_of_China \"People's Republic of China\"), 11 November 2005\n- [North Korea Unveils 5-Step Roadmap for Scrapping Nukes](http:\/\/times.hankooki.com\/lpage\/nation\/200511\/kt2005111417033311950.htm)\\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\], [Korea Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_Times \"Korea Times\"), 14 November 2005\n- [North Korea and the \"six-party talks\": a road to nowhere](http:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/globalization-institutions_government\/northkorea_3445.jsp), David Wall, [openDemocracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpenDemocracy \"OpenDemocracy\"), 12 April 2006\n- [Whither the Six-Party Talks?](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060518092046\/http:\/\/www.usip.org\/pubs\/usipeace_briefings\/2006\/0517_six_party_talks.html) [U.S. Institute of Peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._Institute_of_Peace \"U.S. Institute of Peace\") Briefing, May 2006\n- [A Denuclearization Deal in Beijing](http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/ArticleView\/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071124080444\/http:\/\/english.ohmynews.com\/ArticleView\/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), Gavan McCormack, 2007-02-15 – step-by-step review of Bush policies towards the negotiations\n- Linus Hagström (2009) [\"Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks\"](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/discover\/10.1525\/as.2009.49.5.831?uid=16801488&uid=3738984&uid=2&uid=3&uid=18149320&uid=67&uid=62&sid=21101166739457) [Asian Survey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asian_Survey \"Asian Survey\") 49 (5): 831–51.\n- [North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/rm\/2007\/81204.htm), [Christopher R. Hill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_R._Hill \"Christopher R. Hill\"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs \"Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs\"), [House Foreign Affairs Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee \"House Foreign Affairs Committee\"), February 28, 2007.\n  [\"North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement\"](https:\/\/2001-2009.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/rm\/2007\/81204.htm). February 28, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017.\n- Richard S. Tracey [*Using the PATRIOT Act to Turn North Korea's Dirty Money into a Bargaining Chip*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090617095049\/http:\/\/www.au.af.mil\/au\/ssq\/2009\/Summer\/tracey.pdf), Strategic Studies Quarterly, Summer 2009.\n- [The Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future](https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/research\/the-korean-nuclear-issue-past-present-and-future\/) by Fu Ying","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Six-party talks Chinese name Traditional Chinese 六方會談 Simplified Chinese 六方会谈 Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Liùfāng Huìtán Listen ⓘ Japanese name Kanji 六者会合 Kana ろくしゃかいごう Transcriptions Romanization Rokusha Kaigō North Korean name Chosŏn'gŭl 륙자 회담 Hancha 六者會談 Transcriptions Revised Romanization Ryukja hoedam McCune–Reischauer Ryukcha hoedam South Korean name Hangul 육자 회담 Hanja 六者會談 Transcriptions Revised Romanization Yukja hoedam McCune–Reischauer Yukcha hoedam Russian name Russian Шестисторо́нние перегово́ры Romanization Shestistorónniye peregovóry The six-party talks were a series of multilateral discussions between 2003 and 2007, held between six states and hosted in Beijing , [ 1 ] aimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the North Korean nuclear weapons program . The states involved were: These talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress [ 2 ] until the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Responding angrily to the United Nations Security Council 's Presidential Statement [ 5 ] issued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean failed satellite launch , the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent. [ 6 ] North Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country. [ 7 ] Content of the six-party talks [ edit ] Members of the six-party nuclear talks The main points of contention were: Security guarantee – this issue has been raised by North Korea since the Bush administration (2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when President George W. Bush named North Korea as part of an " axis of evil " in his 2002 State of the Union Address . After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks. [ 8 ] The construction of light water reactors – under the 1994 Agreed Framework two light-water reactors would be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated nuclear power plant program at Yongbyon . This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002. Peaceful use of nuclear energy – whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities. [ 9 ] Diplomatic relations – North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program. Financial restrictions / Trade normalization – The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US$24 million [ 10 ] [ 11 ] in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts. [ 12 ] The United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008. [ 13 ] Verifiable and Irreversible disarmament – Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position. [ 14 ] China and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of nuclear disarmament . North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil. 1st round (27–29 August 2003) [ edit ] A figure of a table of the six party talks Outcomes A Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks. No agreement between parties made. See "Why the 6-party talks will fail" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal 2nd round (25–28 February 2004) [ edit ] Representatives: South Korea : Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan , Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including: Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises. Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004. 3rd round (23–26 June 2004) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including: Reaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Song Min-soon , Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill , Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei , Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy Three-week recess of talks due to ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) meeting 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes Agreement on a Joint Statement [ 15 ] of six articles, including: Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration North Korea to agree to abandon all nuclear weapons and nuclear programs and return to the NPT as soon as possible However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. The issue of the light water reactors will be discussed "at an appropriate time" [ 16 ] U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together. Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes. The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment. South Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7/12/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program. The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately. 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'. Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005. 1st phase (9–11 November 2005) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for: Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle. No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time. Events between phases 1 and 2 [ edit ] In April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in Macau . [ 17 ] The U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not. North Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons [ 18 ] [ 19 ] On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a successful nuclear test , verified by the U.S. on October 11. In response, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1718 [ 20 ] unanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units, WMD -related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation were quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy. On 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator Christopher Hill later stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what BBC News called "frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso stated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons. [ 21 ] On 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon. [ 22 ] On 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006. [ 23 ] 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006) [ edit ] Chairman's Statement issued All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner. All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met. Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations. Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007. [ 29 ] The 5th round only went into "recess" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing. [ 30 ] Events between phases 2 and 3 [ edit ] Russia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator. [ 31 ] Losyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004. [ 32 ] On 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007. [ 33 ] Apparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007. [ 34 ] The dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the PRC and ROK delegations. [ 35 ] Both Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to "certain agreements" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday. [ 31 ] North Korea has viewed these talks as the "bilateral negotiations" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in "preparation for the six-party talks". [ 36 ] U.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US$13 million of the US$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. [ 37 ] China has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007. [ 38 ] North Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of fuel oil a year, similar to the 1994 Agreed Framework just before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill. [ 39 ] There were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill. [ 40 ] 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days. All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum. All six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism. The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas. All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation. Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia. The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase. [ 41 ] Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be "suspended, shut down and sealed" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish "four to six" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was "prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps" but was "neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved" [ 42 ] [ 43 ] [ 44 ] China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting. [ 39 ] China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was "unreasonable" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued. [ 39 ] On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a "final text" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by John Bolton , former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent "exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world". [ 45 ] The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day. [ 46 ] 1st phase (19–22 March 2007) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the $25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula. [ 12 ] However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a "Chinese matter". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said "there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. "The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day. [ 47 ] The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle. The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the $25 million in their hands. A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though. [ 48 ] Events taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks The 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue. [ 49 ] On June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea. [ 50 ] On July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program. [ 51 ] On July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities. [ 52 ] Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan , Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill , Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei , Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Vladimir Rakhmanin , Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007 [ 53 ] The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other. The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of "action for action". North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs. Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus. Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia. A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met. [ 54 ] North Korea warned of a "crisis" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue. [ 55 ] Events taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks. [ 56 ] US President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms. [ 57 ] Israel reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea. [ 58 ] Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea. [ 59 ] 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007) [ edit ] Representatives South Korea : Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade North Korea : Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs United States : Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs China : Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Japan : Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau Russia : Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved Reports from working groups heard and endorsed. Implementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007. [ 60 ] DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility. The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007. The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a state sponsor of terrorism , and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations. The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration. In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of HFO (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation. [ 61 ] The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time. A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007. [ 62 ] However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks. Discontinuation of talks in 2009 [ edit ] On April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced satellite launch , despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of ICBM technology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the Pacific Ocean . Despite the failure, U.S. President Barack Obama responded that "violations must be punished." [ 63 ] South Korea urged heavier sanctions against North Korea . On April 13, the United Nations Security Council agreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea. [ 64 ] [ 65 ] The following day, North Korea , responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it "will never again take part in such [six party] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks." North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the International Atomic Energy Agency that they would resume their nuclear weapons program. [ 66 ] On May 25, 2009, North Korea detonated a nuclear device underground . [ 67 ] The test was condemned by the United Nations, [ 68 ] NATO, [ 69 ] the other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide. [ citation needed ] On October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand. On November 10, 2009, the Daecheong incident took place. [ 70 ] On this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties. North Korean attacks in 2010 [ edit ] Cheonan , a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard, sank after an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of Baengnyeong Island at 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that Cheonan was sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] This incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea. On October 26, 2010, Red Cross officials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did UNC and North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting. [ 73 ] On November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's Yeonpyeong Island. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period. [ 74 ] Proposed resumptions [ edit ] On 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a "leap day" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks. [ 75 ] On 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder Kim il-Sung 's 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the "leap day" agreement. [ 76 ] On 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea. [ 77 ] On 29 January 2014, the official Chinese Xinhua News Agency announced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations. [ 78 ] On April 5, 2018, China 's paramount leader Xi Jinping announced that after a meeting with North Korea's supreme leader Kim Jong-un that Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending. On April 25, 2019, after his first meeting with Kim Jong-un, Russian President Vladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks) - [1 Content of the six-party talks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Content_of_the_six-party_talks) - [2 1st round (27–29 August 2003)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#1st_round_$27%E2%80%9329_August_2003$) - [3 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#2nd_round_$25%E2%80%9328_February_2004$) - [4 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#3rd_round_$23%E2%80%9326_June_2004$) - [5 4th round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#4th_round) Toggle 4th round subsection - [5\.1 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_$26_July_%E2%80%93_7_August_2005$) - [5\.2 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_$13%E2%80%9319_September_2005$) - [6 5th round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#5th_round) Toggle 5th round subsection - [6\.1 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_$9%E2%80%9311_November_2005$) - [6\.2 Events between phases 1 and 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Events_between_phases_1_and_2) - [6\.3 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_$18%E2%80%9322_December_2006$) - [6\.4 Events between phases 2 and 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Events_between_phases_2_and_3) - [6\.5 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#3rd_phase_$8%E2%80%9313_February_2007$) - [7 6th round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#6th_round) Toggle 6th round subsection - [7\.1 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#1st_phase_$19%E2%80%9322_March_2007$) - [7\.2 Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Resumption_of_1st_phase_$18%E2%80%9320_July_2007$) - [7\.3 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#2nd_phase_$27%E2%80%9330_September_2007$) - [8 Discontinuation of talks in 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Discontinuation_of_talks_in_2009) - [9 North Korean attacks in 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#North_Korean_attacks_in_2010) - [10 Proposed resumptions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Proposed_resumptions) - [11 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#See_also) - [12 Notes and references](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#Notes_and_references) - [13 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Six-party talks 20 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9 "المحادثات السداسية – Arabic") - [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekspartsforhandlingerne "Sekspartsforhandlingerne – Danish") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sechs-Parteien-Gespr%C3%A4che "Sechs-Parteien-Gespräche – German") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ses-partiaj_interparoloj "Ses-partiaj interparoloj – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1logo_de_los_Seis "Diálogo de los Seis – Spanish") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B4_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87 "گفتگوهای شش جانبه – Persian") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pourparlers_%C3%A0_six "Pourparlers à six – French") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perundingan_enam_negara "Perundingan enam negara – Indonesian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E8%80%85%E4%BC%9A%E5%90%88 "六者会合 – Japanese") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/6%EC%9E%90_%ED%9A%8C%EB%8B%B4 "6자 회담 – Korean") - [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6_%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%85%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2 "ခြောက်နိုင်ငံ မျက်နှာစုံညီ စည်းဝေးပွဲ – Burmese") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeslandenoverleg "Zeslandenoverleg – Dutch") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekspartsforhandlingene "Sekspartsforhandlingene – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C3%A1logo_a_Seis "Diálogo a Seis – Portuguese") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexpartssamtalen "Sexpartssamtalen – Swedish") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9D%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2 "การเจรจาหกฝ่าย – Thai") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8 "Шестисторонні переговори – Ukrainian") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0m_ph%C3%A1n_S%C3%A1u_b%C3%AAn "Đàm phán Sáu bên – Vietnamese") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%9A%E8%B0%88 "六方会谈 – Wu") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E4%BC%9A%E8%B0%88 "六方会谈 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q495543#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Six-party_talks "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Six-party_talks "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - 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[Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Six-party_talks) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q495543 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Meetings on North Korea nuclear program For South Korea variety show, see [Six-Party Talks (TV series)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Party_Talks_$TV_series$ "Six-Party Talks (TV series)"). \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png) \| This article includes a list of [general references](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references "Wikipedia:Citing sources"), but it lacks sufficient corresponding [inline citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations "Wikipedia:Citing sources"). 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(August 2019) ([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal")) \| \| Six-party talks \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Chinese name \| \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 六方會談 \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 六方会谈 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Liùfāng Huìtán [Listen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg.mp3 "Play audio")[ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan$Six-Party_Talks$.ogg "File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan(Six-Party Talks).ogg") \| \| Japanese name \| \| \| [Kanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji "Kanji") \| 六者会合 \| \| [Kana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana "Kana") \| ろくしゃかいごう \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese "Romanization of Japanese") \| Rokusha Kaigō \| \| North Korean name \| \| \| [Chosŏn'gŭl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul "Hangul") \| 륙자 회담 \| \| [Hancha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja") \| 六者會談 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Revised Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean "Revised Romanization of Korean") \| Ryukja hoedam \| \| [McCune–Reischauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer "McCune–Reischauer") \| Ryukcha hoedam \| \| South Korean name \| \| \| [Hangul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul "Hangul") \| 육자 회담 \| \| [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja") \| 六者會談 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Revised Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean "Revised Romanization of Korean") \| Yukja hoedam \| \| [McCune–Reischauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer "McCune–Reischauer") \| Yukcha hoedam \| \| Russian name \| \| \| [Russian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language "Russian language") \| Шестисторо́нние перегово́ры \| \| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian "Romanization of Russian") \| Shestistorónniye peregovóry \| The six-party talks were a series of multilateral discussions between 2003 and 2007, held between six states and hosted in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-1) aimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the [North Korean nuclear weapons program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_nuclear_weapons_program "North Korean nuclear weapons program"). The states involved were: - [![China](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") - [![Japan](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan") - [![North Korea](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") - [![South Korea](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") - [![Russia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") - [![United States](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") These talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the [Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty") (NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-2) until the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-4) Responding angrily to the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council")'s Presidential Statement[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-5) issued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean [failed satellite launch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2"), the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-6) North Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-7) ## Content of the six-party talks \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Content of the six-party talks")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Six-party_talks.PNG/500px-Six-party_talks.PNG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Six-party_talks.PNG) Members of the six-party nuclear talks The main points of contention were: - Security guarantee – this issue has been raised by North Korea since the [Bush administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration "George W. Bush administration") (2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush") named North Korea as part of an "[axis of evil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_evil "Axis of evil")" in his 2002 [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union_Address "State of the Union Address"). After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-8) - The construction of [light water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_water_reactor "Light water reactor") – under the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.-North_Korea_Agreed_Framework "U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework") two [light-water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-water_reactor "Light-water reactor") would be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated [nuclear power plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant "Nuclear power plant") program at [Yongbyon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center "Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center"). This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002. - Peaceful use of nuclear energy – whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-9) - Diplomatic relations – North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program. - Financial restrictions / Trade normalization – The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US\$24 million[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-11) in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) The United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-13) - Verifiable and Irreversible disarmament – Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-14) China and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of [nuclear disarmament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament "Nuclear disarmament"). North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil. ## 1st round (27–29 August 2003) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: 1st round (27–29 August 2003)")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg/250px-Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg) A figure of a table of the six party talks - Representatives: - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): [Lee Soo-hyuck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Soo-hyuck "Lee Soo-hyuck"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): [Kim Yong-il](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Yong-il_$politician,_born_1947$ "Kim Yong-il (politician, born 1947)"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): [James Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Kelly "James A. Kelly"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs "Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs") - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): [Wang Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Yi_$politician$ "Wang Yi (politician)"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): [Mitoji Yabunaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitoji_Yabunaka "Mitoji Yabunaka"), Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): [Alexander Losyukov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Losyukov "Alexander Losyukov"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - A Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks. - No agreement between parties made. See "Why the 6-party talks will fail" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal ## 2nd round (25–28 February 2004) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)")\] Representatives: ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kye-gwan "Kim Kye-gwan"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including: - Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula - Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises. - Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004. ## 3rd round (23–26 June 2004) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including: - Reaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification - Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005 ## 4th round \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: 4th round")\] ### 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): [Song Min-soon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Min-soon "Song Min-soon"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): [Wu Dawei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dawei "Wu Dawei"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy - Three-week recess of talks due to [ASEAN Regional Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum "ASEAN Regional Forum") (ARF) meeting ### 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - Agreement on a Joint Statement[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-15) of six articles, including: - Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula - Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration - North Korea to agree to abandon all [nuclear weapons and nuclear programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction") and return to the [NPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty") as soon as possible - However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. - The issue of the [light water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_water_reactor "Light water reactor") will be discussed "at an appropriate time"[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-16) - U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula - U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect - U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together. - Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes. - The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment. - South Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7/12/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program. - The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately. - 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'. - Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005. ## 5th round \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: 5th round")\] ### 1st phase (9–11 November 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for: - Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle. - No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time. ### Events between phases 1 and 2 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Events between phases 1 and 2")\] - In April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau").[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-17) - The U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not. - North Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-19) - On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a [successful nuclear test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2006 North Korean nuclear test"), verified by the U.S. on October 11. - In response, the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") passed [Resolution 1718](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718")[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV5551_2006-20) unanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units, [WMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction "Weapons of Mass Destruction")\-related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China") and the [Russian Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Federation "Russian Federation") were quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy. - On 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill") later stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News") called "frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister [Taro Aso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Aso "Taro Aso") stated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-21) - On 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-22) - On 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-23) ### 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): [Chun Yung-woo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chun_Yung-woo "Chun Yung-woo"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-24)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-25) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated4-26)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated2-27) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated4-26) ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): [Sergey Razov](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sergey_Razov&action=edit&redlink=1 "Sergey Razov (page does not exist)"), Russian Ambassador to China[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-28) Objectives achieved - Chairman's Statement issued - All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner. - All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met. - Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations. - Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-29) - The 5th round only went into "recess" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-30) ### Events between phases 2 and 3 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Events between phases 2 and 3")\] - Russia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) Losyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-32) - On 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-33) Apparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-34) The dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the [PRC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China") and [ROK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") delegations.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-35) - Both Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to "certain agreements" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) North Korea has viewed these talks as the "bilateral negotiations" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in "preparation for the six-party talks".[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-36) - U.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US\$13 million of the US\$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-37) - China has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-38) - North Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of [fuel oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil "Fuel oil") a year, similar to the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreed_Framework "Agreed Framework") just before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) There were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-40) ### 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm - North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications - In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days. - All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum. - All six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism. - The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas. - All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days - Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation. - Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia. - The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-41) Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks - China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be "suspended, shut down and sealed" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish "four to six" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was "prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps" but was "neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved"[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-44) - China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) - China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was "unreasonable" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) - On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a "final text" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by [John Bolton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Bolton "John R. Bolton"), former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent "exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world".[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-45) - The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-46) ## 6th round \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: 6th round")\] ### 1st phase (19–22 March 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the \$25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a "Chinese matter". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said "there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. "The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-47) - The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle. - The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the \$25 million in their hands. - A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-48) Events taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks - The 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-49) - On June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-50) - On July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-51) On July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-52) ### Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kye-gwan "Kim Kye-gwan"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): [Wu Dawei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dawei "Wu Dawei"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): [Vladimir Rakhmanin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Rakhmanin "Vladimir Rakhmanin"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-53) - The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other. - The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of "action for action". - North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs. - Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus. - Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia. - A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-54) - North Korea warned of a "crisis" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-55) Events taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks - South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-56) - US President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-57) - Israel reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-58) - Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-59) ### 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Reports from working groups heard and endorsed. - Implementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed - List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-60) - DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility. - The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007. - The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a [state sponsor of terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism "State Sponsors of Terrorism"), and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations. - The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration. - In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of [HFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_fuel_oil "Heavy fuel oil") (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-61) - The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time. - A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-62) However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks. ## Discontinuation of talks in 2009 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: Discontinuation of talks in 2009")\] On April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced [satellite launch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2"), despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of [ICBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM "ICBM") technology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the [Pacific Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean "Pacific Ocean"). Despite the failure, U.S. President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") responded that "violations must be punished."[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-63) South Korea urged heavier [sanctions against North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_North_Korea "Sanctions against North Korea"). On April 13, the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") agreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV6106-64)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-65) The following day, [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"), responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it "will never again take part in such \[six party\] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks." North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the [International Atomic Energy Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency "International Atomic Energy Agency") that they would resume their nuclear weapons program.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-NYT_halt_talks-66) On May 25, 2009, North Korea [detonated a nuclear device underground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2009 North Korean nuclear test").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-bbc-67) The test was condemned by the United Nations,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-68) NATO,[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-69) the other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] On October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand. On November 10, 2009, the [Daecheong incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daecheong_incident "Daecheong incident") took place.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-70) On this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties. ## North Korean attacks in 2010 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: North Korean attacks in 2010")\] [Cheonan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan "ROKS Cheonan"), a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard, [sank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking "ROKS Cheonan sinking") after an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of [Baengnyeong Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baengnyeong_Island "Baengnyeong Island") at 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that Cheonan was sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-Korea_Times-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-cnn_world-72) This incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea. On October 26, 2010, [Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cross "Red Cross") officials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did [UNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Command "United Nations Command") and North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-73) On November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's [Yeonpyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeonpyeong "Yeonpyeong") Island. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-The_Dong-a_Ilbo-74) ## Proposed resumptions \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: Proposed resumptions")\] On 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a "leap day" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-75) On 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder [Kim il-Sung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_il-Sung "Kim il-Sung")'s 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the "leap day" agreement.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-76) On 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-77) On 29 January 2014, the official Chinese [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency") announced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-78) On April 5, 2018, [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China")'s [paramount leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") announced that after a [meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings "Kim–Xi meetings") with [North Korea's supreme leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_North_Korea "List of leaders of North Korea") [Kim Jong-un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong-un "Kim Jong-un") that Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending. On April 25, 2019, after his [first meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit "2019 North Korea–Russia summit") with Kim Jong-un, [Russian President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia "President of Russia") Vladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-79) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=21 "Edit section: See also")\] - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg)[Politics portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics "Portal:Politics") - [2006 North Korean nuclear test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2006 North Korean nuclear test") - [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreed_Framework "Agreed Framework") (United States–North Korea) - [History of Japan–Korea relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations "History of Japan–Korea relations") - [North Korea–United States relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations "North Korea–United States relations") - [Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center "Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center") - [2018–19 Korean peace process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018–19 Korean peace process") - [P5+1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P5%2B1 "P5+1") ## Notes and references \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Notes and references")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-1) ["The Six-party Talks Kicked off"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191214182709/http://www.china-un.org/eng/zt/ch/t25488.htm). [Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_China_to_the_United_Nations "Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations"). 27 August 2003. Archived from [the original](http://www.china-un.org/eng/zt/ch/t25488.htm) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2017. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-2) ["6-party talks: 2nd phase, 5th round"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090915190624/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/18/content_5503201.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 18 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/18/content_5503201.htm) on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2006. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-3) ["Rice hails N Korea nuclear deal"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6358797.stm). [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"). 13 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-4) Scanlon, Charles (13 February 2007). ["The end of a long confrontation?"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6357853.stm). [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"). Retrieved 13 February 2007. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-5) ["UNSC Presidential Statement"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123926/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/301/03/PDF/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF). [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"). 13 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/301/03/PDF/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-6) ["DPRK Foreign Ministry Vehemently Refutes UNSC's "Presidential Statement""](https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123631/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news14/20090414-23ee.html). [KCNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Central_News_Agency "Korean Central News Agency"). 14 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news14/20090414-23ee.html) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-7) Landler, Mark (15 April 2009). ["North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program"](https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/15/world/asia/15korea.html?ref=global-home). The New York Times. Retrieved 23 May 2010. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-8) North Korea and regional security \\| Corea del Norte y la seguridad regional. Editorial Verbum. 2008. p. 49. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-84-7962-580-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7962-580-1 "Special:BookSources/978-84-7962-580-1") . 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-9) Buszynski, Leszek (2013). Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue. Oxon: Routledge. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-135-04484-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04484-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04484-8") . 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-10) ["お知らせ : Yomiuri Online（読売新聞）"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111125010252/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/20070129TDY01003.htm). Archived from [the original](http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/20070129TDY01003.htm) on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 28 January 2007. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-11) ["Talks to focus on disarming N.K."](http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2007/01/29/200701290004.asp) The Korea Herald. 4 April 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service")) 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-:0_12-1) [6자회담](http://www.archives.go.kr/next/search/listSubjectDescription.do?id=010094) \[Six party talk\]. 국가기록원 (in Korean). 26 November 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2018. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-13)* Cooper, Helene (12 October 2008). ["U.S. Declares North Korea Off Terror List"](https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/world/asia/13terror.html). New York Times. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-14) DiFilippo, A. (2006). Japan's Nuclear Disarmament Policy and the U.S. Security Umbrella. Springer. p. 173. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-230-60072-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-60072-0 "Special:BookSources/978-0-230-60072-0") . 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-15) [Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks Beijing, September 19, 2005](https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2005/53490.htm) 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-16) ["North Korea – U.S. Statement"](https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2005/53499.htm). State Department. 19 September 2005. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-17) ["N Korea offers nuclear talks deal"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4905308.stm). BBC News. 13 April 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-18) ["DPRK to conduct nuclear test against U.S. hostile policy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061004151629/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/03/content_5167518.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 3 October 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/03/content_5167518.htm) on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-19) ["N Korea statement on nuclear test"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5402292.stm). BBC News. 3 October 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-UN_SPV5551_2006_20-0) [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") Verbatim Report 5551. [S/PV/5551](https://undocs.org/S/PV/5551) 14 October 2006. Retrieved 6 April 2008. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-21) ["North Korea talks 'set to resume'"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6102092.stm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160718190405/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6102092.stm) July 18, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"), 31 October 2006 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-22) [N. Korea Six Party talks unlikely before '07: Russia](https://web.archive.org/web/20121104140432/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/05/AR2006120500866.html) [Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post"), 5 December 2006 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-23) ["Six-party talks on Korean nuclear issue to resume from Dec.18"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035957/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/11/content_5469250.htm). [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency"). 11 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/11/content_5469250.htm) on 4 March 2016. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-24) ["ROK new chief negotiator for six-party talks visits China"](http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200603/09/eng20060309_249357.html). [People's Daily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Daily "People's Daily"). 9 March 2006. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071124035546/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200603/09/eng20060309_249357.html) from the original on 24 November 2007. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-25) ["ROK urges six-party talks to focus on denuclearization"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090106101108/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/13/content_5476896.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 13 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/13/content_5476896.htm) on 6 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 26. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated4_26-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated4_26-1) ["Japan's top negotiator in six-party talks arrives in Beijing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140218214639/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-11/26/content_5377310.htm). [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency"). 26 November 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-11/26/content_5377310.htm) on 18 February 2014. 27. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated2_27-2) ["China, DPRK, U.S. chief delegates to six-party talks meet in Beijing"](http://english.people.com.cn/200611/28/eng20061128_326090.html). People's Daily. 28 November 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-28)* ["Russia changes lead negotiator in six-party talks"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/16/AR2006121601194.html). The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 May 2010. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-29) ["DPRK, U.S. meet on nuke, financial issues as six-party talks enter 2nd day"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090107054801/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/20/content_5508931.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 20 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/20/content_5508931.htm) on 7 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-30) ["6-party talks could start as early as this month: sources"](http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/183259.html). English.hani.co.kr. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 31. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated3_31-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-autogenerated3_31-1) ["News \\| the Scotsman"](http://news.scotsman.com/latest.cfm?id=88802007). The Scotsman. Retrieved 19 January 2007. \[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-32)* ["ISCIP – The NIS Observed: Analytical Review: 12 May 2004"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070203015602/http://www.bu.edu/iscip/digest/vol9/ed0908.html). Bu.edu. Archived from [the original](http://www.bu.edu/iscip/digest/vol9/ed0908.html) on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-33) ["Itar-Tass"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230617/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=11193927&PageNum=0). Itar-Tass. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-37) ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/19961019132104/http://www.businessweek.com/). Archived from [the original](http://www.businessweek.com/) on 19 October 1996. Retrieved 28 January 2007. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title "Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title")) 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-38) ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165334/http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20070130/API/701300525). Archived from [the original](http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20070130/API/701300525) on 30 September 2007. 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["U.S. and North Korea Caution on Hope for Deal"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070218004132/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2862187). Abcnews.go.com. Reuters. Archived from [the original](https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2862187) on 18 February 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 43. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-43) Callick, Rowan (10 February 2007). ["Beijing proposal opens up N-talks"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070211190537/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21201335-31477,00.html). The Australian. Archived from [the original](http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21201335-31477,00.html) on 11 February 2007. 44. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-44) ["Six-party talks moving to a possible agreement"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070211191953/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2007-02/09/content_5718339.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 9 February 2007. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-51) Herman, Burt (15 July 2007). ["Envoy: N. Korea ready to stop nuclear programs"](https://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4968820.html). Houston Chronicle. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 52. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-52) ["U.N. verifies closure of North Korean nuclear facilities"](http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/07/18/nkorea.iaea/). CNN. 18 July 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010. 53. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-53) ["Full text of press communique released at new round of six-nation : International : Home"](http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/223847.html). English.hani.co.kr. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 54. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-57) Watts, Jonathan (8 September 2007). ["Bush offers North Korea a deal to end the world's oldest cold war"](https://www.theguardian.com/usa/story/0,,2164812,00.html). The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 May 2010. 58. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-58) ["Politics – Israel 'warned US about North Korea-Syria link'"](http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=2&article_id=85466). The Daily Star. 22 September 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 59. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-59) ["News – New Japan PM promises NKorea flexibility"](http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/s2041331.htm). Radio Australia. 24 September 2007. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 60. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-UN_SPV6106_64-0) [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") Verbatim Report 6106. [S/PV/6106](https://undocs.org/S/PV/6106) {{{date}}}. Retrieved 16 April 2009. 65. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-65) [SC/9364](https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9634.doc.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140904142215/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9634.doc.htm) September 4, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") Security Council Condemns Launch by Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Agrees to Adjust Travel Ban, Assets Freeze, Arms Embargo Imposed in 2006, April 13, 2009 66. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-NYT_halt_talks_66-0) Landler, Mark (14 April 2009). 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-69) ["FACTBOX-Reaction to North Korea's nuclear test"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090531054141/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/reuters/2009/05/25/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html). Forbes. 25 May 2009. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/feeds/reuters/2009/05/25/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html) on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009. 70. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-70) Foster, Peter (10 November 2009). ["North and South Korea warships exchange fire"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/southkorea/6536557/North-and-South-Korea-warships-exchange-fire.html). The Daily Telegraph. London. 71. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-Korea_Times_71-0) ["Seoul reaffirms N. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-The_Dong-a_Ilbo_74-0) ["NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines"](http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388). The Dong-a Ilbo. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 75. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-75) ["North Korean nuclear progress: Leap of faith"](https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/03/north-korean-nuclear-progress). The Economist online. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012. 76. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-76) Sang-hun, Choe; Myers, Steven Lee (16 March 2012). ["North Korea Says It Will Launch Satellite Into Orbit"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/world/asia/north-korea-satellite-launch-missile-test.html?pagewanted=all). The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2012. 77. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-77) ["North Korea Rocket 2012: Launch Reported By South Korea"](https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/12/north-korea-rocket-2012-l_n_1422319.html). Huffington Post. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012. 78. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-78) ["Tweet by Xinhua News Agency: DPRK ambassador to China on resumption of six-party talks"](https://twitter.com/XHNews/statuses/428431591141298177). Twitter. Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014. 79. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-79) Soldatkin, Vladimir; Vasilyeva, Maria (25 April 2019). ["Putin says U.S. guarantees unlikely to prompt North Korea to de-nuclearize"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-russia/putin-says-u-s-guarantees-unlikely-to-prompt-north-korea-to-de-nuclearize-idUSKCN1S02TP). Reuters. ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=23 "Edit section: External links")\] - Linus Hagström and Marie Söderberg (2006) [North Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers](http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415399166/), London and New York: Routledge. - [Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement](http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t297463.htm) (Full text of Chairman's Statement), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China"), [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China"), 13 February 2007 - [The Best U.S. Response to North Korea's Failed Missile Test](https://web.archive.org/web/20061127182306/http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/227/north-korea-missile-test.html) NOW on PBS, July 7, 2006 - [North Korean Denuclearisation: A Chinese View of the Way Forward](http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd82/82hz.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110415084554/http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd82/82hz.htm) April 15, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [Acronym Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym_Institute "Acronym Institute"), Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring 2006 - ["Inside Multilateralism: The Six-Party Talks"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061230192135/http://www.twq.com/05autumn/docs/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.twq.com/05autumn/docs/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF) on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2007. (113 KB), John S. Park, [The Washington Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Quarterly "The Washington Quarterly"), Vol. 28, No. 4, Autumn 2005 - [North Korea Says It Will Abandon Nuclear Efforts](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/international/asia/19korea.html), [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times"), September 19, 2005 - [U.S.-Korean Deal on Arms Leaves Key Points Open](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/20/international/asia/20korea.html), [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times"), September 20, 2005 - [Nuke talks reach agreements](http://www.korea.net/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071124082632/http://www.korea.net/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [Korea.Net](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korea.Net&action=edit&redlink=1 "Korea.Net (page does not exist)"), September 19, 2005 - [Full Text of Six-nation Statement on North Korea](https://web.archive.org/web/20051222082506/http://www.nautilus.org/napsnet/sr/2005/0577Agreement.html), [Nautilus Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability "Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability"), September 20, 2005 - [Light Water Reactors at the Six Party Talks: The Barrier that Makes the Water Flow](https://web.archive.org/web/20051222090859/http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0578LWR.html), [Nautilus Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability "Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability"), September 21, 2005 - [Full text of Chairman's Statement](http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t221094.htm), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China"), [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China"), 11 November 2005 - [North Korea Unveils 5-Step Roadmap for Scrapping Nukes](http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200511/kt2005111417033311950.htm)\[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\], [Korea Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Times "Korea Times"), 14 November 2005 - [North Korea and the "six-party talks": a road to nowhere](http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-institutions_government/northkorea_3445.jsp), David Wall, [openDemocracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDemocracy "OpenDemocracy"), 12 April 2006 - [Whither the Six-Party Talks?](https://web.archive.org/web/20060518092046/http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/0517_six_party_talks.html) [U.S. Institute of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Institute_of_Peace "U.S. Institute of Peace") Briefing, May 2006 - [A Denuclearization Deal in Beijing](http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071124080444/http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), Gavan McCormack, 2007-02-15 – step-by-step review of Bush policies towards the negotiations - Linus Hagström (2009) ["Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks"](https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.1525/as.2009.49.5.831?uid=16801488&uid=3738984&uid=2&uid=3&uid=18149320&uid=67&uid=62&sid=21101166739457) [Asian Survey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Survey "Asian Survey") 49 (5): 831–51. - [North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement](https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2007/81204.htm), [Christopher R. Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs "Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs"), [House Foreign Affairs Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee "House Foreign Affairs Committee"), February 28, 2007. ["North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement"](https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2007/81204.htm). February 28, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017. - Richard S. Tracey [Using the PATRIOT Act to Turn North Korea's Dirty Money into a Bargaining Chip](https://web.archive.org/web/20090617095049/http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2009/Summer/tracey.pdf), Strategic Studies Quarterly, Summer 2009. - [The Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future](https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-korean-nuclear-issue-past-present-and-future/) by Fu Ying \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea "Template:Nuclear program of North Korea") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea "Template talk:Nuclear program of North Korea") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea "Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear program of North Korea")[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Main topics \| [Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_North_Korean_nuclear_program "Timeline of the North Korean nuclear program") [Nuclear power in North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_North_Korea "Nuclear power in North Korea") [1994 North Korean nuclear crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis "1994 North Korean nuclear crisis") [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreed_Framework "Agreed Framework") [Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Peninsula_Energy_Development_Organization "Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization") [A. Q. Khan network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qadeer_Khan#North_Korea,_Iran,_and_Libya "Abdul Qadeer Khan") [Japan–North Korea Pyongyang Declaration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93North_Korea_Pyongyang_Declaration "Japan–North Korea Pyongyang Declaration") [Six-party talks]() [Sanctions against North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_North_Korea "Sanctions against North Korea") [2017–18 North Korea crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_North_Korea_crisis "2017–18 North Korea crisis") [2018 inter-Korean summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2018_inter-Korean_summit "April 2018 inter-Korean summit") [2018 DPRK—US Singapore Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit "2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit") [2019 DPRK–US Hanoi Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit "2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit") [2019 Koreas–US DMZ Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit "2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit") \| \| [Missile tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_missile_tests "List of North Korean missile tests") \| [1993](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_North_Korean_missile_test "1993 North Korean missile test") [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_missile_test "2006 North Korean missile test") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_North_Korean_missile_tests "2009 North Korean missile tests") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_Korean_missile_tests "2013 North Korean missile tests") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_North_Korean_missile_tests "2014 North Korean missile tests") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_North_Korean_missile_tests "2017 North Korean missile tests") [2021–2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_North_Korean_missile_tests "2021–2023 North Korean missile tests") \| \| [Nuclear tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_North_Korea "List of nuclear weapons tests of North Korea") \| \| \| \| \| \| Fission \| [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2006 North Korean nuclear test") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2009 North Korean nuclear test") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2013 North Korean nuclear test") [September 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2016_North_Korean_nuclear_test "September 2016 North Korean nuclear test") \| \| Claimed as [thermonuclear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon "Thermonuclear weapon") \| [January 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_North_Korean_nuclear_test "January 2016 North Korean nuclear test") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2017 North Korean nuclear test") \| \| Facilities \| \| \| \| \| \| Production \| [Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center "Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center") [Kangson enrichment site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangson_enrichment_site "Kangson enrichment site") [Pyongsan uranium mine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongsan_County#Uranium_mine_and_milling_plant "Pyongsan County") \| \| Testing \| [Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punggye-ri_Nuclear_Test_Site "Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site") \| \| People \| \| \| \| \| \| Leaders \| [Kim Jong Il](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il "Kim Jong Il") [Kim Jong Un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un "Kim Jong Un") \| \| Diplomats \| [Kang Sok-ju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kang_Sok-ju "Kang Sok-ju") [Kim Kye-gwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kye-gwan "Kim Kye-gwan") [Choe Son-hui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choe_Son-hui "Choe Son-hui") \| \| Scientists \| [Hong Sung-mu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Sung-mu "Hong Sung-mu") [Ri Hong-sop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri_Hong-sop "Ri Hong-sop") [Chon Chibu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chon_Chibu "Chon Chibu") [Kyong Won-ha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyong_Won-ha "Kyong Won-ha") \| \| [Nuclear warheads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_warhead "Nuclear warhead") \| \| \| \| \| \| Warheads \| [Hwasan-31](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasan-31 "Hwasan-31") [tactical warhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon "Tactical nuclear weapon") [Hwasong-13 warhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hwasong-13_warhead&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hwasong-13 warhead (page does not exist)") \[[ko](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/KN-08_%ED%95%B5%ED%83%84%EB%91%90 "ko:KN-08 핵탄두")\] [Hwasong-15 warhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hwasong-15_warhead&action=edit&redlink=1 "Hwasong-15 warhead (page does not exist)") \[[ko](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/KN-22_%EC%97%B4%ED%95%B5%ED%83%84%EB%91%90 "ko:KN-22 열핵탄두")\] \| \| Land \| [Hwasong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasong_$missile_family$ "Hwasong (missile family)") ballistic missiles [Intercontinental](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM "ICBM") [Hwasong-15](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasong-15 "Hwasong-15") [Hwasong-17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasong-17 "Hwasong-17") [Hwasong-18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasong-18 "Hwasong-18") Hwasal cruise missiles [Hwasal-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasal-1 "Hwasal-1") [Hwasal-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwasal-2 "Hwasal-2") \| \| Sea \| [Pukguksong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Navy#Weapons "Korean People's Navy") submarine-launched ballistic missiles \| \| [UN resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea "List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea") \| [825](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_825 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 825") [1695](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1695 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1695") [1718](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718") [1874](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1874 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874") [1928](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1928 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1928") [1985](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1985 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1985") [2087](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2087 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2087") [2094](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2094 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2094") [2270](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2270 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2270") [2321](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2321 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2321") [2371](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2371 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2371") [2375](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2375 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2375") [2397](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2397 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 2397") \| \| Related \| [Korean People's Army](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army "Korean People's Army") [Strategic Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Strategic_Force "Korean People's Army Strategic Force") [Missile Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPRK_Missile_Administration "DPRK Missile Administration") [Navy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Navy "Korean People's Navy") [2024 DPRK–Russia treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean%E2%80%93Russian_Treaty_on_Comprehensive_Strategic_Partnership "North Korean–Russian Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership") [Assassination of Kim Jong-nam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Kim_Jong-nam "Assassination of Kim Jong-nam") [South Korea and weapons of mass destruction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "South Korea and weapons of mass destruction") [South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea_Ballistic_Missile_Range_Guidelines "South Korea Ballistic Missile Range Guidelines") [Nuclear power in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_South_Korea "Nuclear power in South Korea") [Pakistan–North Korea relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93North_Korea_relations "Pakistan–North Korea relations") \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&oldid=1315233631>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [History of international relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_international_relations "Category:History of international relations") - [Nuclear program of North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuclear_program_of_North_Korea "Category:Nuclear program of North Korea") - [Multilateral relations of Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Multilateral_relations_of_Russia "Category:Multilateral relations of Russia") - [Multilateral 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \| Six-party talks \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Chinese name \| \| \| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") \| 六方會談 \| \| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") \| 六方会谈 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") \| \| \| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") \| Liùfāng Huìtán [Listen](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg/Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan%28Six-Party_Talks%29.ogg.mp3 "Play audio")[ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan$Six-Party_Talks$.ogg "File:Chinese-LiuFangHuiTan(Six-Party Talks).ogg") \| \| Japanese name \| \| \| [Kanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji "Kanji") \| 六者会合 \| \| [Kana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana "Kana") \| ろくしゃかいごう \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese "Romanization of Japanese") \| Rokusha Kaigō \| \| North Korean name \| \| \| [Chosŏn'gŭl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul "Hangul") \| 륙자 회담 \| \| [Hancha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja") \| 六者會談 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Revised Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean "Revised Romanization of Korean") \| Ryukja hoedam \| \| [McCune–Reischauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer "McCune–Reischauer") \| Ryukcha hoedam \| \| South Korean name \| \| \| [Hangul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul "Hangul") \| 육자 회담 \| \| [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja") \| 六者會談 \| \| Transcriptions \| \| \| [Revised Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean "Revised Romanization of Korean") \| Yukja hoedam \| \| [McCune–Reischauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer "McCune–Reischauer") \| Yukcha hoedam \| \| Russian name \| \| \| [Russian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language "Russian language") \| Шестисторо́нние перегово́ры \| \| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian "Romanization of Russian") \| Shestistorónniye peregovóry \| The six-party talks were a series of multilateral discussions between 2003 and 2007, held between six states and hosted in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-1) aimed at finding a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the [North Korean nuclear weapons program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_nuclear_weapons_program "North Korean nuclear weapons program"). The states involved were: These talks were a result of North Korea withdrawing from the [Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty") (NPT) in 2003. Apparent gains following the fourth and fifth rounds were reversed by outside events. Five rounds of talks from 2003 to 2007 produced little net progress[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-2) until the third phase of the fifth round of talks, when North Korea agreed to shut down its nuclear facilities in exchange for fuel aid and steps towards the normalization of relations with the United States and Japan.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-4) Responding angrily to the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council")'s Presidential Statement[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-5) issued on April 13, 2009, that condemned the North Korean [failed satellite launch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2"), the DPRK declared on April 14, 2009, that it would pull out of the six-party talks and that it would resume its nuclear enrichment program in order to boost its nuclear deterrent.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-6) North Korea also expelled all nuclear inspectors from the country.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-7) ## Content of the six-party talks \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Content of the six-party talks")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Six-party_talks.PNG/500px-Six-party_talks.PNG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Six-party_talks.PNG) Members of the six-party nuclear talks The main points of contention were: - Security guarantee – this issue has been raised by North Korea since the [Bush administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration "George W. Bush administration") (2001–2009) took office. North Korea labeled the Bush administration as hostile and accused it of planning to overthrow the North Korean government by force. This concern was elevated when [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush") named North Korea as part of an "[axis of evil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_evil "Axis of evil")" in his 2002 [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union_Address "State of the Union Address"). After the North Korean refusal to participate in the six-party talks in 2005, South Korea, the United States, and Japan declared that all issues of concern including security guarantees would be on the table if North Korea engaged in discussions within the six-party talks.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-8) - The construction of [light water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_water_reactor "Light water reactor") – under the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.-North_Korea_Agreed_Framework "U.S.-North Korea Agreed Framework") two [light-water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-water_reactor "Light-water reactor") would be built in return for the closure of North Korea's graphite-moderated [nuclear power plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant "Nuclear power plant") program at [Yongbyon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center "Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center"). This agreement broke down after both sides defaulted, especially since 2002. - Peaceful use of nuclear energy – whilst the NPT allows states the right to use nuclear energy for civilian purposes, this was thought to have been used by North Korea as a cover for their nuclear weapons program. South Korea was amenable to a peaceful use of nuclear energy provided the IAEA will be allowed to inspect the North's facilities.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-9) - Diplomatic relations – North Korea wanted normalization of diplomatic relations as part of the bargain for giving up its nuclear weapons program. The United States has at times disagreed and at times agreed to this condition, providing North Korea irreversibly and verifiably disarms its nuclear weapons program. - Financial restrictions / Trade normalization – The United States placed heavy financial sanctions on North Korea for what they see as an uncooperative attitude and unwillingness to dismantle its nuclear weapons program. In addition, other parties such as China took actions such as the freezing of North Korean assets in foreign bank accounts, such as the US\$24 million[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-11) in Macau's Banco Delta Asia. With the nuclear test on October 9, 2006, UNSCR 1718 was passed, which included a ban on all luxury goods to North Korea. These funds were unfrozen by the United States on March 19, 2007, to reciprocate actions by their North Korean counterparts.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) The United States removed North Korea from its list of state sponsors of terrorism in October 2008.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-13) - Verifiable and Irreversible disarmament – Members of the six-party talks disagreed on this. Japan and the United States demanded that North Korea completely dismantle its nuclear program so that it may never be restarted, and that it can be verified by the six members of the talks before aid is given. By the second round of the six-party talks, South Korea fully endorsed this position.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-14) China and Russia agreed on a milder, step-by-step solution which involves the members of the six-party talks giving a certain reward (e.g. aid) in return for each step of [nuclear disarmament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament "Nuclear disarmament"). North Korea wanted the United States to concede some of the conditions first before it will take any action in disarming their weapons program, which they see as the only guarantee to prevent a United States attack on their soil. ## 1st round (27–29 August 2003) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: 1st round (27–29 August 2003)")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg/250px-Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Table_layout_of_Six-Party_Talks.svg) A figure of a table of the six party talks Outcomes - A Chairman's Summary agreed upon for a further round of talks. - No agreement between parties made. See "Why the 6-party talks will fail" (in Korean), the Dong-A Ilbo, 27 August 2003, by Pierre Chabal ## 2nd round (25–28 February 2004) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: 2nd round (25–28 February 2004)")\] Representatives: ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kye-gwan "Kim Kye-gwan"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - A Chairman's Statement announced with seven articles, including: - Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula - Peaceful Coexistence of Participating States, stressing the use of mutually coordinated measures to resolve crises. - Agreement to hold the third round of talks with full participation during the second quarter of 2004. ## 3rd round (23–26 June 2004) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: 3rd round (23–26 June 2004)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Lee Soo-hyuck, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): James Kelly, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wang Yi, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Mitoji Yabunaka, Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - A Chairman's Statement announced with eight articles, including: - Reaffirming the commitment to denuclearising the Korean Peninsula, stressing specification of the scope and time, interval (between steps of) and method of verification - Agreement to hold fourth round of talks in Beijing before September 2005 ### 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: 1st phase (26 July – 7 August 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): [Song Min-soon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Min-soon "Song Min-soon"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): [Wu Dawei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dawei "Wu Dawei"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - U.S. and North Korea cannot agree on 'peaceful' use of nuclear energy - Three-week recess of talks due to [ASEAN Regional Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum "ASEAN Regional Forum") (ARF) meeting ### 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: 2nd phase (13–19 September 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - Agreement on a Joint Statement[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-15) of six articles, including: - Verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula - Observe and realize the 1992 Korean Peninsula Denuclearization Declaration - North Korea to agree to abandon all [nuclear weapons and nuclear programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "North Korea and weapons of mass destruction") and return to the [NPT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty") as soon as possible - However, the states still respect North Korea's stated right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. - The issue of the [light water reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_water_reactor "Light water reactor") will be discussed "at an appropriate time"[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-16) - U.S. and the South Korea to formally declare that they have no nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula - U.S. affirmed it has no intention to attack or invade North Korea and will provide a security guarantee to this effect - U.S. and North Korea will work to normalize ties, respect each other's sovereignty, exist peacefully together. - Japan and North Korea will work to normalize relations, in accordance with the Pyongyang Statement by settling historical disputes. - The other five Parties undertook to promote economic cooperation through strengthening bilateral/multilateral economic cooperation in energy, trade and investment. - South Korea reaffirmed its proposal of 7/12/05 concerning the provision of 2 million kilowatts of electricity if the DPRK abandoned its nuclear arms program. - The Korean Peninsula peace treaty to be negotiated separately. - 'Words for words'; 'actions for actions' principle to be observed, stressing 'mutually coordinated measures'. - Agreement to hold fifth round of talks in early November, 2005. ### 1st phase (9–11 November 2005) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: 1st phase (9–11 November 2005)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Song Min-soon, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Alexeyev, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Outcomes - Joint Statement issued with six points. This is essentially the same as the previous round's statements, except for: - Modifying the 'words for words' and 'actions for actions' principle to 'commitment for commitment, action for action' principle. - No agreement on when the next talks will be held, though March 2006 looked likely at the time. ### Events between phases 1 and 2 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Events between phases 1 and 2")\] - In April 2006, North Korea offered to resume talks if the U.S. releases recently frozen North Korean financial assets held in a bank in [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau").[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-17) - The U.S. treats the nuclear and financial issues as separate; North Korea does not. - North Korea then announced on October 3, 2006, that it was going to test its first nuclear weapon regardless of the world situation, blaming 'hostile U.S. policy' as the reason for the need for such a deterrent. However, it pledged a no-first-strike policy and to nuclear disarmament only when there is worldwide elimination of such nuclear weapons[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-19) - On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced a [successful nuclear test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2006 North Korean nuclear test"), verified by the U.S. on October 11. - In response, the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") passed [Resolution 1718](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1718 "United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718")[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV5551_2006-20) unanimously condemning North Korea, as well as passing Chapter VII, Article 41. Sanctions ranged from the economic to the trade of military units, [WMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons_of_Mass_Destruction "Weapons of Mass Destruction")\-related parts and technology transfer, and a ban on certain luxury goods. Both the [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China") and the [Russian Federation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Federation "Russian Federation") were quick to stress that these were not military-enforceable sanctions. The Resolution also gave the right to other nations to inspect any North Korean vessel's cargo, although the People's Republic of China has held reservations about this move, saying it wanted to avoid any military confrontation with North Korea's navy. - On 31 October 2006, the Chinese government announced that six-party talks would resume. U.S. negotiator [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill") later stated that the resumption could happen in the next month and that North Korea had not set preconditions for the talks. The deadlock was broken by what [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News") called "frantic behind-the-scenes negotiations" by Beijing. However, Japan's Foreign Minister [Taro Aso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Aso "Taro Aso") stated that his country was not willing to return to the six-party talks until North Korea had renounced nuclear weapons.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-21) - On 5 December 2006, the Russian envoy and former chief Russian negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Alexeyev said that the talks were unlikely to resume before 2007 owing to the slow progress towards the talks and the fact that Christmas was coming up soon.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-22) - On 10 December, it became apparent that talks would resume on 18 December 2006.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-23) ### 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: 2nd phase (18–22 December 2006)")\] - Chairman's Statement issued - All six parties reaffirm their commitment to the Joint Statement made on 19 September 2005 in an 'action for action' manner. - All six parties reaffirmed their positions, some of whose positions have differed greatly since the last time the parties met. - Numerous bilateral talks were held, especially the Sunday before the talks (Dec 17, 2006) and on the third and fourth days of negotiations. - Separate bilateral talks were made concerning the freezing of overseas North Korean financial assets between the U.S. delegation led by the U.S. Treasury Deputy Assistant Secretary for Terrorist Financing and Financial Crimes, Daniel Glaser, and the North Korean delegation led by the President of the DPRK's Foreign Trade Bank, O Kwang Chol. These talks ended without consensus on a stance, but both delegations agreed to meet again in New York in January 2007.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-29) - The 5th round only went into "recess" on Dec 22, 2006, indicating that the round was not over yet. China's chief six-party talks negotiator Wu Dawei stated on January 8, 2007, that working talks concerning the financial sanctions were likely to resume on January 21–22, 2007 in New York, with the main six-party talks likely to resume soon after in Beijing.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-30) ### Events between phases 2 and 3 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Events between phases 2 and 3")\] - Russia's ex-chief negotiator for the six-party talks Alexander Losyukov has taken over from Sergei Razov as the new chief negotiator.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) Losyukov was previously the Russian ambassador to Tokyo, appointed immediately after the second round of the six-party talks in March 2004.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-32) - On 26 January 2007, Russian chief negotiator Alexander Losyukov told reporters that the third phase was most likely to resume sometime in late January or early February 2007, most likely 5–8 February 2007.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-33) Apparently the North Korean delegation wants to resume these talks on 8 February 2007.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-34) The dates were chosen to take place before the Lunar New Year, which commences in mid-February in 2007. This has been supported by the [PRC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China") and [ROK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea") delegations.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-35) - Both Kim Kye-gwan for North Korea and Christopher Hill for the U.S. made positive remarks about the progress of in-between-rounds one-to-one talks held from Tuesday 16 January 2007 to Thursday 18 January 2007 in Berlin, Germany, pointing to "certain agreements" being reached. They met for six hours on Tuesday and one and a half hours on Wednesday.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated3-31) North Korea has viewed these talks as the "bilateral negotiations" it has wanted with the U.S. for a long time, whereas the U.S. refers to it as talks in "preparation for the six-party talks".[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-36) - U.S. Deputy Assistant Treasury Secretary Daniel Glaser is due to hold talks with his North Korean counterpart, O Kwang Chol, in Beijing, China, on Tuesday 30 January 2007 regarding partial lifting of financial sanctions, thought to be around US\$13 million of the US\$24 million frozen in Macau's Banco Delta Asia.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-37) - China has confirmed on Tuesday 30 January 2007 that the third phase of talks will commence on 8 February 2007.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-38) - North Korea was reported to agree to freeze their nuclear program in exchange for 500,000 tons of [fuel oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil "Fuel oil") a year, similar to the 1994 [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreed_Framework "Agreed Framework") just before the third phase of talks started after a pre-talk one-on-one meeting between Kim and Hill.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) There were rumors that a U.S.-North Korean memorandum of understanding had been signed before this phase, although this was denied by U.S. Chief Representative Christopher Hill.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-40) ### 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: 3rd phase (8–13 February 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Joint Statement issued on Tuesday 13 February 2007, 3pm - North Korea will shut down and seal the Yongbyon nuclear facility, including the reprocessing facility and invite back IAEA personnel to conduct all necessary monitoring and verifications - In return, the other five parties in the six-party talks will provide emergency energy assistance to North Korea in the initial phase of 50,000 tons of heavy fuel oil, to commence within 60 days. - All six parties agree to take positive steps to increase mutual trust, and make joint efforts for lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. Directly related parties will negotiate a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula at an appropriate separate forum. - All six parties agree on establishing five working groups – on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, normalization of North Korea-U.S. relations, normalization of North Korea-Japan relations, economy and energy cooperation, as well as a joint Northeast Asia peace and security mechanism. - The working groups will form specific plans for implementing the September 19 statement in their respective areas. - All parties agree that all working groups will meet within the next 30 days - Details of assistance will be determined through consultations and appropriate assessments in the working group on economic and energy cooperation. - Once the initial actions are implemented, the six parties will promptly hold a ministerial meeting to confirm implementation of the joint document and explore ways and means for promoting security cooperation in Northeast Asia. - The sixth round of six-party talks will take place on March 19, 2007. This will be to hear reports of the working groups and discuss actions for the next phase.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-41) Events during the 5th round, 3rd phase of talks - China drew up a plan that was presented on Friday, 9 February 2007, building on the September 2005 agreement. It proposes that the Yongbyon 5MW(e) nuclear reactor be "suspended, shut down and sealed" within two months in exchange for energy supplies and economic aid by the other five countries to North Korea. It also proposed to establish "four to six" working groups on each of the outstanding issues not agreed on. Japan's Foreign Minister Taro Aso was reported to applaud the draft, hailing it as a breakthrough. However, Japanese chief representative Sasae Kenichiro and U.S. chief representative Christopher Hill were much more cautious, saying it was just a first step in a long process, but at least there was agreement by all parties on the fundamental points. North Korean chief representative Kim Kye-gwan said North Korea was "prepared to discuss initial denuclearization steps" but was "neither optimistic nor pessimistic because there are still a lot of problems to be resolved"[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-43)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-44) - China held one-on-one talks with each of the other five countries on Sunday 11 February 2007. The six countries' chief negotiators then had an hour-long meeting together in the afternoon. They did not announce any end date for this phase of talks after the meeting.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) - China's plan has run into some difficulties regarding the steps North Korea will take to denuclearize in exchange for aid. The Japanese chief representative claimed North Korea was demanding too much compensation in return for denuclearization. South Korea's chief representative Chun Yung-woo said it was "unreasonable" to expect a breakthrough on Sunday 11 February 2007. Russia's chief representative Losyukov said that the chances of reaching a two-page joint statement are slim, and if this does not work out, a Chairman's Statement will be issued.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-autogenerated5-39) - On February 13, 2007, Christopher Hill announced that a tentative deal had been reached between the negotiators, and a "final text" was being circulated to the governments of the six parties for approval. Even before the deal had been approved, it was criticized by [John Bolton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Bolton "John R. Bolton"), former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, who said that it sent "exactly the wrong signal to would-be proliferators around the world".[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-45) - The Chairman's Statement adopted on February 13, 2007, was the result of 16 hours of grueling negotiations, finalized only at 2 a.m. on February 13, 2007. This was circulated to all six parties, and agreed on at around 3 p.m. that same day.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-46) ### 1st phase (19–22 March 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: 1st phase (19–22 March 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Director-General for Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - On March 19, 2007, the US Chief Negotiator Christopher Hill announced that all of the \$25 million in funds belonging to the North Koreans in Banco Delta Asia that were frozen before were being unfrozen to reciprocate the positive steps the North Koreans have taken towards freezing their Yongbyon nuclear reactor and readmitting IAEA inspectors, with a future goal towards total nuclear disarmament of the Korean peninsula.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-:0-12) However, this issue was only put on the agenda on the morning of the talks instead of before hand, so the financial transaction ran into some problems in terms of time and being cleared (by the Bank of China) for the North Koreans. The North Koreans, led by Kim Kye-gwan, refused to negotiate further until they received their money. The Americans (Christopher Hill, not Daniel Glaser) denied responsibility for the delay, citing it as a "Chinese matter". The Chinese (Wu Dawei) in turn said "there wasn't enough time to accomplish the transaction". The Bank of China has been hesitant to accept the money as Banco Delta Asia has not been removed from the US' blacklist despite having the funds in question unfrozen. Nevertheless, none of the five other parties see this financial issue as posing any obstruction to the talks. "The resolution of the BDA issue is a question of time, not a question of political will", Chun Yung-woo, the South Korean Chief Negotiator, said. The talks have been put on recess at the end of the fourth day of talks after progress was not possible after the second day.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-47) - The US has also admitted that this freezing of funds was a bargaining chip used to pressure North Korea to dismantle. - The talks were abandoned as North Korea refused to proceed without receiving the \$25 million in their hands. - A South Korean newspaper reported that North Korea had taken steps to shut their Yongbyon 5MW(e) reactor though.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-48) Events taking place between halt and resumption of 1st phase of the 6th round of talks - The 60-day deadline was obviously not met because of the above, though none of the six parties made much of a hassle about it. The US has urged North Korea to meet its commitments as soon as possible, citing this matter was no longer a US one. Russia, China and South Korea have urged patience. Japan is still pressing for the abduction issue to be resolved. It keeps conditioning its provision of economic incentives to North Korea on the full resolution of the abduction issue.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-49) - On June 11, 2007, Russia agreed to transfer the unfrozen North Korean funds from the Macao bank and transfer them to North Korea.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-50) - On July 14, 2007, after receiving fuel aid from South Korea, North Korea declares it has closed the nuclear facilities at Yongbyon and says it is willing to dismantle all of its nuclear program.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-51) On July 18, 2007, IAEA inspectors verify that North Korea has closed its facilities.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-52) ### Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Resumption of 1st phase (18–20 July 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): [Kim Kye-gwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Kye-gwan "Kim Kye-gwan"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): [Christopher Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): [Wu Dawei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Dawei "Wu Dawei"), Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): [Vladimir Rakhmanin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Rakhmanin "Vladimir Rakhmanin"), Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Joint Statement issued on Friday July 20, 2007[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-53) - The six parties expressed satisfaction with the constructive efforts made by all parties to advance the six-party talks process and welcomed that productive bilateral consultations and coordination were conducted to enhance their mutual trust and improved relations with each other. - The parties restated their commitment to the Joint Statement of 19 September 2005 and the agreement of 13 February 2007 and undertook to fulfill their respective obligations under those agreements in line with the principle of "action for action". - North Korea confirmed its agreement to disclose all nuclear programs and disable all facilities related to its nuclear programs. - Agreement for the five working groups to meet before August to discuss plans for the implementation of the general consensus. - Talks will resume in September to hear the report of the working groups and work out a roadmap for implementing the general consensus. After the end of the next phase of talks the six parties will hold a ministerial meeting in Beijing as soon as possible to confirm and promote the implementation of the September 19 Joint Statement, the February 13 agreement and the general consensus, and explore ways and means to enhance security cooperation in Northeast Asia. - A deadline was not decided on during the talks until the working groups have a chance to meet. This is likely because the deadlines set in talks earlier in the year were not met.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-54) - North Korea warned of a "crisis" over Japan's refusal to fund energy assistance. Japan says it will not share the costs of the assistance until North Korea resolves the abductee issue.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-55) Events taking place between 1st and 2nd phase of the 6th round of talks - South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun proposed forming a Korean Economic Community to be discussed in new inter-Korean talks.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-56) - US President George Bush says he will work on a peace agreement on the Korean Peninsula when North Korea completely disarms.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-57) - Israel reveals an IAF strike in Syria on September 6 was targeting a Syrian nuclear facility built with assistance from North Korea.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-58) - Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is replaced with Yasuo Fukuda. Fukuda has pledge to lead improve ties with North Korea.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-59) ### 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007) \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: 2nd phase (27–30 September 2007)")\] Representatives ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png) [South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea "South Korea"): Chun Yung-woo, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png) [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"): Kim Kye-gwan, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png) [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States"): Christopher Hill, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png) [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China"): Wu Dawei, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png) [Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan "Japan"): Sasae Kenichiro, Deputy Director-General of Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png) [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia"): Alexander Losyukov, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Objectives achieved - Reports from working groups heard and endorsed. - Implementation of initial actions of February 13, 2007 Agreement confirmed - List of Second Phase Actions for Implementation of Joint Statement issued 2 October 2007.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-60) - DPRK agreed to disable all nuclear facilities subject to September 2005 Joint Statement and February 13 Agreement, including the disablement of three facilities at Yongbyan by 31 December 2007: the 5 MW Experimental Reactor, the Reprocessing Plant, and the Nuclear Fuel Rod Fabrication Facility. - The DPRK agreed to provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs in accordance with the February 13 agreement by 31 December 2007. - The DPRK and the United States will increase bilateral exchanges and enhance mutual trust. The U.S. will fulfill its commitments to the DPRK (regarding the processes of removing the designation of the DPRK as a [state sponsor of terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism "State Sponsors of Terrorism"), and that of terminating the application of the Trading with the Enemy Act to the DPRK) in parallel with the DPRK's actions, as based on consensus reached at the meetings of the Working Group on Normalization of DPRK-U.S. Relations. - The DPRK and Japan will hold intensive consultations to make sincere efforts to normalize their relations expeditiously in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration. - In accordance with the February 13 agreement, economic, energy and humanitarian assistance up to the equivalent of one million tons of [HFO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_fuel_oil "Heavy fuel oil") (inclusive of the 100,000 tons of HFO already delivered) will be provided to the DPRK. Specific modalities will be finalized through discussion by the Working Group on Economy and Energy Cooperation.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-61) - The Parties reiterated that the Six-Party Ministerial Meeting will be held in Beijing at an appropriate time. - A final meeting was decided on before the end of 2007.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-62) However, this was never realized because despite the DPRK issuing a report of its inventory in November 2007 and thus claiming that since it fulfilled its side of the bargain, it was waiting for its promised shipment of aid, the US claimed the inventory list was definitely incomplete and until the complete list was given by the DPRK, aid would be suspended. There have been numerous US-DPRK bilateral meetings held in Beijing and Geneva since the end of this phase of this round of talks. ## Discontinuation of talks in 2009 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: Discontinuation of talks in 2009")\] On April 5, 2009, North Korea proceeded with its announced [satellite launch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwangmy%C5%8Fngs%C5%8Fng-2 "Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2"), despite international pressure not to do so. The pressure was due to international belief that the satellite launch was in fact a test of [ICBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICBM "ICBM") technology. The launch was a failure, and it landed in the [Pacific Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean "Pacific Ocean"). Despite the failure, U.S. President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") responded that "violations must be punished."[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-63) South Korea urged heavier [sanctions against North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_North_Korea "Sanctions against North Korea"). On April 13, the [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") agreed unanimously to a Presidential Statement that condemned North Korea for the launch and stated the council's intention to expand sanctions on North Korea.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-UN_SPV6106-64)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-65) The following day, [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea"), responding angrily to the UN Security Council's resolution, said that it "will never again take part in such \[six party\] talks and will not be bound by any agreement reached at the talks." North Korea expelled nuclear inspectors from the country and also informed the [International Atomic Energy Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency "International Atomic Energy Agency") that they would resume their nuclear weapons program.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-NYT_halt_talks-66) On May 25, 2009, North Korea [detonated a nuclear device underground](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2009 North Korean nuclear test").[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-bbc-67) The test was condemned by the United Nations,[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-68) NATO,[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-69) the other five members of the six-party talks, and many other countries worldwide.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] On October 11, 2011, South Korea appointed a new envoy to the six-party talks; Lim Sung-Nam, who worked for the Ministry of Tourism and Sport beforehand. On November 10, 2009, the [Daecheong incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daecheong_incident "Daecheong incident") took place.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-70) On this date North and South Korean ships exchanged fire. The Southern vessel was almost unharmed while the North reportedly sustained heavy casualties. ## North Korean attacks in 2010 \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: North Korean attacks in 2010")\] [Cheonan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan "ROKS Cheonan"), a South Korean patrol vessel with 104 people aboard, [sank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROKS_Cheonan_sinking "ROKS Cheonan sinking") after an unexplained explosion tore through its hull while conducting a normal mission in the vicinity of [Baengnyeong Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baengnyeong_Island "Baengnyeong Island") at 9:22 p.m. on March 26, 2010. An investigation conducted by an international team of experts from South Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and Sweden concluded that Cheonan was sunk by a torpedo launched by a North Korean Yeono class miniature submarine.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-Korea_Times-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-cnn_world-72) This incident caused rising tension and antagonism between North and South Korea. On October 26, 2010, [Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cross "Red Cross") officials of North Korea and South Korea held meetings to discuss ways of further family reunions, but failed to reach agreement. So did [UNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Command "United Nations Command") and North Korea, failing to arrange higher-level meeting.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-73) On November 23, 2010, North Korea shelled South Korea's [Yeonpyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeonpyeong "Yeonpyeong") Island. Two South Korean soldiers were killed and a dozen injured after North Korea fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island setting more than 60 houses ablaze and sending civilians fleeing. These two incidents stood in the way of holding six-party talks during this period.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-The_Dong-a_Ilbo-74) ## Proposed resumptions \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=20 "Edit section: Proposed resumptions")\] On 29 February 2012, the United States and North Korea announced a "leap day" agreement that the United States would provide substantial food aid in return for the North agreeing to a moratorium on uranium enrichment and missile testing and a return of IAEA inspectors to Yongbyon, leading to a resumption of the six-party talks.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-75) On 16 March 2012, North Korea announced it was planning to launch a satellite to commemorate the late founder [Kim il-Sung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_il-Sung "Kim il-Sung")'s 100th birthday, drawing condemnation by the other five participants in the six-party talks, casting doubt on the "leap day" agreement.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-76) On 6 April 2012, North Korea's satellite failed to enter into orbit, and was declared a failure by the United States and South Korea. In addition, the launch was described as a provocative test of missile technology, and the United States subsequently announced the suspension of food aid to North Korea.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-77) On 29 January 2014, the official Chinese [Xinhua News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency "Xinhua News Agency") announced on Twitter that the DPRK ambassador to China had received DPRK agreement on resumption of the six-party talks and called on the United States to fulfill its related obligations.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-78) On April 5, 2018, [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China")'s [paramount leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") announced that after a [meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%E2%80%93Xi_meetings "Kim–Xi meetings") with [North Korea's supreme leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_North_Korea "List of leaders of North Korea") [Kim Jong-un](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong-un "Kim Jong-un") that Kim is willing to resume talks. Further updates are pending. On April 25, 2019, after his [first meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_summit "2019 North Korea–Russia summit") with Kim Jong-un, [Russian President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia "President of Russia") Vladimir Putin said that he believed any U.S. guarantees might need to be supported by the other nations involved in previous six-way talks on the nuclear issue. Putin promised to brief the Chinese and U.S. leadership about his talks.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_note-79) - [2006 North Korean nuclear test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test "2006 North Korean nuclear test") - [Agreed Framework](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreed_Framework "Agreed Framework") (United States–North Korea) - [History of Japan–Korea relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Japan%E2%80%93Korea_relations "History of Japan–Korea relations") - [North Korea–United States relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations "North Korea–United States relations") - [Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center "Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center") - [2018–19 Korean peace process](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process "2018–19 Korean peace process") - [P5+1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P5%2B1 "P5+1") ## Notes and references \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Six-party_talks&action=edit&section=22 "Edit section: Notes and references")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-1) ["The Six-party Talks Kicked off"](https://web.archive.org/web/20191214182709/http://www.china-un.org/eng/zt/ch/t25488.htm). [Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_China_to_the_United_Nations "Permanent Representative of China to the United Nations"). 27 August 2003. Archived from [the original](http://www.china-un.org/eng/zt/ch/t25488.htm) on 14 December 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2017. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-2) ["6-party talks: 2nd phase, 5th round"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090915190624/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/18/content_5503201.htm). Xinhua News Agency. 18 December 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-12/18/content_5503201.htm) on 15 September 2009. Retrieved 19 December 2006. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-3) ["Rice hails N Korea nuclear deal"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6358797.stm). [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"). 13 February 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2007. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-4) Scanlon, Charles (13 February 2007). ["The end of a long confrontation?"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6357853.stm). [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News"). Retrieved 13 February 2007. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-5) ["UNSC Presidential Statement"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123926/http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/301/03/PDF/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF). [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"). 13 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N09/301/03/PDF/N0930103.pdf?OpenElement) (PDF) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-6) ["DPRK Foreign Ministry Vehemently Refutes UNSC's "Presidential Statement""](https://web.archive.org/web/20120910123631/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news14/20090414-23ee.html). [KCNA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Central_News_Agency "Korean Central News Agency"). 14 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news14/20090414-23ee.html) on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 12 July 2010. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-7) Landler, Mark (15 April 2009). ["North Korea Says It Will Halt Talks and Restart Its Nuclear Program"](https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/15/world/asia/15korea.html?ref=global-home). The New York Times. Retrieved 23 May 2010. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-8) North Korea and regional security \\| Corea del Norte y la seguridad regional. Editorial Verbum. 2008. p. 49. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-84-7962-580-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7962-580-1 "Special:BookSources/978-84-7962-580-1") . 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-9) Buszynski, Leszek (2013). Negotiating with North Korea: The Six Party Talks and the Nuclear Issue. Oxon: Routledge. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-135-04484-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04484-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04484-8") . 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-10) ["お知らせ : Yomiuri Online（読売新聞）"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111125010252/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/world/20070129TDY01003.htm). 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-69) ["FACTBOX-Reaction to North Korea's nuclear test"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090531054141/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/reuters/2009/05/25/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html). Forbes. 25 May 2009. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/feeds/reuters/2009/05/25/2009-05-25T165856Z_01_SP357834_RTRIDST_0_KOREA-NORTH-REACTION-FACTBOX.html) on 31 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009. 70. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-70) Foster, Peter (10 November 2009). ["North and South Korea warships exchange fire"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/southkorea/6536557/North-and-South-Korea-warships-exchange-fire.html). The Daily Telegraph. London. 71. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-Korea_Times_71-0) ["Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report"](https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2010/09/205_72997.html). Koreatimes.co.kr. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 72. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-cnn_world_72-0) ["Report: South Korean navy ship sinks - CNN.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120713090742/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-03-26/world/south.korea.ship.sinking_1_korean-broadcasting-system-kbs-north-korea?_s=PM:WORLD). Articles.cnn.com. 27 March 2010. Archived from [the original](http://articles.cnn.com/2010-03-26/world/south.korea.ship.sinking_1_korean-broadcasting-system-kbs-north-korea?_s=PM:WORLD) on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 73. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-73) [Korea 2011: Politics, Economy and Society](https://books.google.com/books?id=xnhPyHbdD-gC&dq=Wu+dawei+red+cross&pg=PA16), Rüdiger Frank, James E. Hoare, Patrick Köllner, Susan Pares. 2011. 74. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-The_Dong-a_Ilbo_74-0) ["NK fires shells onto S. Korean island, kills 2 Marines"](http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=050000&biid=2010112430388). The Dong-a Ilbo. 24 November 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2014. 75. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-75) ["North Korean nuclear progress: Leap of faith"](https://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2012/03/north-korean-nuclear-progress). The Economist online. 1 March 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012. 76. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-76) Sang-hun, Choe; Myers, Steven Lee (16 March 2012). ["North Korea Says It Will Launch Satellite Into Orbit"](https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/world/asia/north-korea-satellite-launch-missile-test.html?pagewanted=all). The New York Times. Retrieved 17 March 2012. 77. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-77) ["North Korea Rocket 2012: Launch Reported By South Korea"](https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/12/north-korea-rocket-2012-l_n_1422319.html). Huffington Post. 12 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012. 78. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-78) ["Tweet by Xinhua News Agency: DPRK ambassador to China on resumption of six-party talks"](https://twitter.com/XHNews/statuses/428431591141298177). Twitter. Xinhua News Agency. 29 January 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014. 79. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks#cite_ref-79) Soldatkin, Vladimir; Vasilyeva, Maria (25 April 2019). ["Putin says U.S. guarantees unlikely to prompt North Korea to de-nuclearize"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-russia/putin-says-u-s-guarantees-unlikely-to-prompt-north-korea-to-de-nuclearize-idUSKCN1S02TP). Reuters. - Linus Hagström and Marie Söderberg (2006) [North Korea Policy: Japan and the Great Powers](http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415399166/), London and New York: Routledge. - [Initial Actions for the Implementation of the Joint Statement](http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t297463.htm) (Full text of Chairman's Statement), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China"), [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China"), 13 February 2007 - [The Best U.S. Response to North Korea's Failed Missile Test](https://web.archive.org/web/20061127182306/http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/227/north-korea-missile-test.html) NOW on PBS, July 7, 2006 - [North Korean Denuclearisation: A Chinese View of the Way Forward](http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd82/82hz.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110415084554/http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd82/82hz.htm) April 15, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [Acronym Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym_Institute "Acronym Institute"), Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring 2006 - ["Inside Multilateralism: The Six-Party Talks"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061230192135/http://www.twq.com/05autumn/docs/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.twq.com/05autumn/docs/05autumn_park.pdf) (PDF) on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 8 January 2007. (113 KB), John S. Park, [The Washington Quarterly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Quarterly "The Washington Quarterly"), Vol. 28, No. 4, Autumn 2005 - [North Korea Says It Will Abandon Nuclear Efforts](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/19/international/asia/19korea.html), [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times"), September 19, 2005 - [U.S.-Korean Deal on Arms Leaves Key Points Open](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/20/international/asia/20korea.html), [New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times"), September 20, 2005 - [Nuke talks reach agreements](http://www.korea.net/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071124082632/http://www.korea.net/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20050919013) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), [Korea.Net](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korea.Net&action=edit&redlink=1 "Korea.Net (page does not exist)"), September 19, 2005 - [Full Text of Six-nation Statement on North Korea](https://web.archive.org/web/20051222082506/http://www.nautilus.org/napsnet/sr/2005/0577Agreement.html), [Nautilus Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability "Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability"), September 20, 2005 - [Light Water Reactors at the Six Party Talks: The Barrier that Makes the Water Flow](https://web.archive.org/web/20051222090859/http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0578LWR.html), [Nautilus Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautilus_Institute_for_Security_and_Sustainability "Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability"), September 21, 2005 - [Full text of Chairman's Statement](http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t221094.htm), [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China"), [People's Republic of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China "People's Republic of China"), 11 November 2005 - [North Korea Unveils 5-Step Roadmap for Scrapping Nukes](http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200511/kt2005111417033311950.htm)\[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\], [Korea Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Times "Korea Times"), 14 November 2005 - [North Korea and the "six-party talks": a road to nowhere](http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization-institutions_government/northkorea_3445.jsp), David Wall, [openDemocracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDemocracy "OpenDemocracy"), 12 April 2006 - [Whither the Six-Party Talks?](https://web.archive.org/web/20060518092046/http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_briefings/2006/0517_six_party_talks.html) [U.S. Institute of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Institute_of_Peace "U.S. Institute of Peace") Briefing, May 2006 - [A Denuclearization Deal in Beijing](http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071124080444/http://english.ohmynews.com/ArticleView/article_view.asp?menu=A11100&no=345592&rel_no=1) November 24, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), Gavan McCormack, 2007-02-15 – step-by-step review of Bush policies towards the negotiations - Linus Hagström (2009) ["Normalizing Japan: Supporter, Nuisance, or Wielder of Power in the North Korean Nuclear Talks"](https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.1525/as.2009.49.5.831?uid=16801488&uid=3738984&uid=2&uid=3&uid=18149320&uid=67&uid=62&sid=21101166739457) [Asian Survey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Survey "Asian Survey") 49 (5): 831–51. - [North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement](https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2007/81204.htm), [Christopher R. Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Hill "Christopher R. Hill"), [Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs "Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs"), [House Foreign Affairs Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Foreign_Affairs_Committee "House Foreign Affairs Committee"), February 28, 2007. ["North Korea and the Current Status of Six-Party Agreement"](https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2007/81204.htm). February 28, 2007. Retrieved June 25, 2017. - Richard S. Tracey [Using the PATRIOT Act to Turn North Korea's Dirty Money into a Bargaining Chip](https://web.archive.org/web/20090617095049/http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/2009/Summer/tracey.pdf), Strategic Studies Quarterly, Summer 2009. - [The Korean nuclear issue: Past, present, and future](https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-korean-nuclear-issue-past-present-and-future/) by Fu Ying
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