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| Boilerpipe Text | Official portrait, 2025
Second presidency of Donald Trump
January 20, 2025Â â present
Vice President
JD Vance
Cabinet
Full list
Party
Republican
Election
2024
Seat
White House
âÂ
Joe Biden
Seal of the President
Official website
Donald Trump
's second and current tenure as the
president of the United States
began upon
his inauguration
as the
47th president
on January 20, 2025. Trump, a
Republican
, previously served as the
45th president from 2017 to 2021
. He lost re-election to
Democratic
nominee
Joe Biden
in
2020
, and then won against Democratic nominee
Kamala Harris
in
2024
, who replaced Biden following
his withdrawal from the race
on July 21. Trump is the second
former U.S. president to return to office
.
[
a
]
Alongside Trump's second presidency, the Republican Party also currently holds majorities in the
House of Representatives
and the
Senate
during the
119th U.S. Congress
following the
2024 elections
, thereby attaining an overall federal
government trifecta
.
During 2025, Trump signed 225
executive orders
, the most of any president in a single year since
Franklin D. Roosevelt
. Many of these have been or are being challenged in court.
[
1
]
His
attempts to expand presidential power
and
conflict with the courts
have been described as a defining characteristic of his second presidency.
[
2
]
The Trump administration
has taken action against law firms
for challenging its policies. On
immigration
, Trump signed the
Laken Riley Act
into law, revived numerous immigration laws from his first presidency,
attempted
to restrict
birthright citizenship
, and initiated procedures for
mass deportations
, including nationwide raids by
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
. In January 2025, Trump launched the
Department of Government Efficiency
(DOGE), with
Elon Musk
briefly overseeing it. DOGE was tasked with reducing federal spending and limiting bureaucracy, and it oversaw
mass layoffs of civil servants
along with efforts to dismantle government agencies such as the
Agency for International Development
. Trump has also overseen
a series of tariff increases and pauses
, which led to retaliatory tariffs from other countries and
stock market volatility
.
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
In international affairs, Trump has further strengthened
U.S. relations with Israel
. His administration
increased support for Israel in the Gaza war
, aided
Israel
in the June 2025
Twelve-Day War
that he named, and carried out
strikes on Iranian nuclear sites
.
[
7
]
In early October 2025, Trump's
plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal
between Israel and
Hamas
was signed. Amid the
Russo-Ukrainian war
that began in 2022, the Trump administration undertook multiple attempts at
peace negotiations
. Trump has authorized a series of lethal
strikes on suspected drug traffickers
in the
Caribbean Sea
, whose legality is widely disputed under both U.S. and international law, and subsequently ordered
a military operation
to capture
NicolĂĄs Maduro
, the
disputed
president of Venezuela.
[
8
]
[
9
]
In February 2026, he launched a
major attack on Iran
with Israel with the stated goal of regime change, including the
assassination
of
Ali Khamenei
, the
Supreme Leader of Iran
. As in his first presidency, Trump initiated the withdrawal of the U.S. from the
World Health Organization
, the
Paris Climate Accords
, and
UNESCO
.
[
10
]
The Trump administration has been criticized for
its targeting of political opponents and civil society
. Many of his administration's actions have been found by judges to be illegal and unconstitutional,
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
[
14
]
and have been criticized as authoritarian and contributing to
democratic backsliding in the country
. Trump is the first president with a
felony
conviction.
[
b
]
At 78 years old and seven months, he is the
oldest person to become U.S. president
. Following his electoral victories
in 2016
and 2024, he is constitutionally ineligible from seeking further terms due to the
Twenty-second Amendment
to the
U.S. Constitution
, although Trump and many of his associates have discussed the possibility of
him running for a third term
.
[
15
]
Milestones
2024 election
2024 Electoral College vote results
Trump, who
previously served
as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 and lost
his reelection bid
to
Joe Biden
in the
2020 presidential election
,
[
16
]
announced
his candidacy
for the
nomination
of the
Republican Party
in the
2024 presidential election
on November 15, 2022.
[
17
]
[
18
]
In March 2024, Trump secured the Republican nomination.
Trump selected
Senator
JD Vance
of Ohio, a former critic of his, as his
running mate
, and the two were officially nominated at the
2024 Republican National Convention
.
[
19
]
On July 13, 2024, Trump was the victim of an
attempted assassination
during a campaign rally in
Butler, Pennsylvania
. The attempt resulted in the bullet grazing his ear, but he was otherwise unharmed.
[
20
]
Early on November 6, 2024, the day after the election, Trump was projected to have secured the presidency.
[
21
]
[
22
]
Trump won the
presidential election
with 312 electoral votes and 49.8% of the popular vote, while
Kamala Harris
received 226 electoral votes and 48.3% of the popular vote.
[
23
]
[
24
]
Trump, upon taking office, became the second president in U.S. history to serve non-consecutive terms after Grover Cleveland in 1893,
[
25
]
and the first with a felony to serve the presidency after
his conviction
in May 2024.
[
26
]
In the concurrent
congressional elections
, Republicans secured a
government trifecta
after retaining their majority in the
House of Representatives
and winning back control of the
Senate
.
[
27
]
Transition period and inauguration
Inaugural portrait
The
presidential transition period
began following Trump's victory in the
2024 U.S. presidential election
, though Trump had chosen
Linda McMahon
and
Howard Lutnick
to begin planning for the transition in August 2024. According to
The New York Times
, Trump was "superstitious" and preferred to avoid discussing the presidential transition process until after Election Day. His transition team relied on the work of the
America First Policy Institute
, rather than
the Heritage Foundation
, a conservative think tank that garnered controversy during the election for
Project 2025
, a set of initiatives that would reshape the federal government.
[
28
]
By October, he had not participated in the federal presidential transition process,
[
29
]
and he had not signed a required ethics pledge, as of November.
[
30
]
During the transition period, Trump announced nominations for his
cabinet
and
administration
. Trump was
inaugurated
on January 20, 2025.
[
31
]
He was sworn in by
Chief Justice
John Roberts
.
[
32
]
The inauguration occurred indoors in the
Capitol Rotunda
.
[
33
]
Two days before the inauguration, Trump launched a
meme coin
,
$Trump
.
[
34
]
In his first weeks, several of Trump's actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the Constitution.
[
35
]
[
36
]
First 100 days
In Trump's
first hundred days
in office, he signed 143
executive orders
, the most of any president in this period, 42
presidential memoranda
, 42
presidential proclamations
, the
Laken Riley Act
,
a continuing appropriations act
, and other pieces of
legislation
for Congress.
Trump's extensive use of executive orders
drew a mixed reception from both Republicans and Democrats. Some executive orders tested the limits of
executive authority
, and others faced immediate legal challenges.
[
37
]
[
38
]
Major topics Trump focused on included
immigration reform
,
deportations
,
applying tariffs on other countries
, cutting federal spending, reducing the federal workforce, increasing executive authority, and implementing a
non-interventionist
foreign policy.
Administration
Cabinet
Cabinet meeting, February 2025
Second Trump cabinet
Office
Name
Term
President
Donald Trump
2025âpresent
Vice President
JD Vance
2025âpresent
Secretary of State
Marco Rubio
2025âpresent
Secretary of the Treasury
Scott Bessent
2025âpresent
Secretary of Defense
Pete Hegseth
2025âpresent
Attorney General
Pam Bondi
2025âpresent
Secretary of the Interior
Doug Burgum
2025âpresent
Secretary of Agriculture
Brooke Rollins
2025âpresent
Secretary of Commerce
Howard Lutnick
2025âpresent
Secretary of Labor
Lori Chavez-DeRemer
2025âpresent
Secretary of Health and
Human Services
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
2025âpresent
Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development
Scott Turner
2025âpresent
Secretary of Transportation
Sean Duffy
2025âpresent
Secretary of Energy
Chris Wright
2025âpresent
Secretary of Education
Linda McMahon
2025âpresent
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Doug Collins
2025âpresent
Secretary of Homeland Security
Kristi Noem
2025â2026
Markwayne Mullin
TBDâ
Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency
Lee Zeldin
2025âpresent
Director of the Office of
Management and Budget
Russell Vought
2025âpresent
Director of National Intelligence
Tulsi Gabbard
2025âpresent
Director of the
Central Intelligence Agency
John Ratcliffe
2025âpresent
United States Trade Representative
Jamieson Greer
2025âpresent
Administrator of the
Small Business Administration
Kelly Loeffler
2025âpresent
White House Chief of Staff
Susie Wiles
2025âpresent
Trump's cabinet choices were described by news media as valuing personal loyalty over relevant experience,
[
39
]
[
40
]
and for having a range of conflicting ideologies and "eclectic personalities".
[
41
]
[
42
]
It was also described as the wealthiest administration in modern history, with over 13 billionaires chosen to take government posts.
[
43
]
[
44
]
He nominated or appointed 23 former
Fox News
employees to his administration.
[
45
]
Notably, Trump's nomination of
Scott Bessent
as
Secretary of the Treasury
made Bessent the highest ranking openly LGBTQ person to serve in the United States government.
[
46
]
In March 2026,
The Wall Street Journal
reported that Trump was planning to fire
Kristi Noem
after a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing during which she was criticised for her actions during her term of office, including her handling of the killings of
Renée Good
and
Alex Pretti
, inappropriate relations with her advisor,
Corey Lewandowski
, and mismanagement of funds.
[
47
]
On March 5, Trump announced her reassignment to a new position, "
Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas
"
[
48
]
, and announced Oklahoma senator,
Markwayne Mullin
as her successor as the Secretary of Homeland Security.
[
49
]
Noem is the first Cabinet official to be removed from her post during Trump's second presidency.
[
50
]
Loyalty tests
Once the second Trump presidency began, White House screening teams fanned out to federal agencies to screen job applicants for their loyalty to the president's agenda. On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order asserting to restore merit-based federal hiring practices and "dedication to our Constitution".
[
51
]
[
52
]
As part of its
U.S. federal deferred resignation program
, the Trump administration demanded "loyalty" from federal workers.
[
53
]
In a break from politically neutral speech, the Justice Department issued memos about "insubordination", "abhorrent conduct" and vowed to pursue opponents of Trump's cost-cutting efforts "to the ends of the Earth" in what was described by current and former law enforcement officials as a campaign of intimidation against agents insufficiently loyal to Trump.
[
54
]
Staffers were dispatched across federal agencies to look for anti-Trump sentiment among government agencies. Some new hires were told to provide examples of what they did to help Trump's 2024 presidential campaign, when their moment of "MAGA revelation" occurred, prove their "enthusiasm", be positively referenced by confirmed loyalists, and provide access to their social media handles.
The Associated Press
described the intense loyalty tests as a way to separate individuals following traditional Republican orthodoxy from Trump's MAGA ideology.
[
51
]
Candidates for top national intelligence and law enforcement positions were given Trump loyalty tests. Candidates were asked to give yes or no responses to whether or not January 6 was an "inside job" and whether or not the 2020 election was "stolen". Those that did not say yes to both answers were not hired.
[
55
]
Advisors
Trump had assistance from Elon Musk, other political operatives, and an antisemitism task force.
[
56
]
Advisors were
Christopher Rufo
in education;
Stephen Miller
in domestic policy and immigration; and four co-authors of Project 2025:
Russell Vought
,
Peter Navarro
,
Paul S. Atkins
, and
Brendan Carr
.
[
57
]
Executive orders
Trump signed the most first-day executive orders of recent presidents. First-day executive orders by previous ten presidents, 1969â2025
Trump began office with the most executive orders ever signed on the first day of a United States presidential term,
[
58
]
at 26
executive orders
.
[
59
]
Trump's signing of executive orders was described as a "shock and awe" campaign that tested the limits of executive authority.
[
60
]
[
61
]
Four days into Trump's second term, analysis conducted by
Time
found that nearly two-thirds of
his executive actions
"mirror or partially mirror" proposals from
Project 2025
,
[
62
]
which was seconded with analysis from
Bloomberg Government
.
[
63
]
The signing of many of
Trump's executive orders are being challenged in court
, with the executive orders affecting federal funding, federal employee status, immigration, federal programs,
government data availability
, and more. The majority of the early cases were filed in response to executive orders related to the establishment of the
Department of Government Efficiency
(DOGE),
Executive Order 14158
, and the actions taken by
Elon Musk
and the DOGE team towards federal agencies described as cost-cutting measures.
[
64
]
Economic issues, trade, and tariffs
Though Trump on December 9, 2025, rated his economy as "A+++++", the unemployment rate had increased during his second term.
[
65
]
Though Trump in December 2025 rated his economy as "A+++++",
[
65
]
employment figures during 2025 showed little net change after his April tariffs announcement.
[
66
]
GDP growth rate
In the first quarter of 2025, economic growth was a negative 0.5%.
CBS News
said the decline occurred because "businesses scrambled to bring in foreign goods ahead of new U.S. tariffs," .
[
67
]
Second quarter economic growth was 3.8% annualized (as if continuing for the full year).
[
68
]
In the third quarter,
real GDP
grew to 4.3%, the fastest rate in two years.
[
69
]
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was a
U.S. federal statute
which constituted the core of the Trump administration's second-term economic agenda. It contains hundreds of provisions. Among the most notable, the Act extends the individual tax rates
Trump signed into law in 2017
, raises the cap on the
state and local tax deduction
to $40,000 for taxpayers making less than $500,000, expands work requirements for
SNAP benefits
, adds work requirements and makes significant spending cuts to
Medicaid
, and significantly increases spending on defense and border security.
[
70
]
[
71
]
[
72
]
The OBBBA has been criticized for limiting health insurance coverage and resulting in an upwards transfer of wealth.
[
73
]
[
74
]
It is expected to add a total of $3 trillion to the national debt of the United States by 2034, according to the
Congressional Budget Office
.
[
70
]
[
71
]
[
73
]
[
75
]
Government shutdown in OctoberâNovember 2025
Because the Senate could not muster 60 votes per
filibuster
rules, funding for non-essential services ended October 1, 2025. Throughout October and into November, Senate had 14 votes, all of which failed to reach the 60-vote threshold. The shutdown ended on November 12.
[
76
]
[
77
]
In early October,
Senate majority leader John Thune
said, "We have a majority of senators â 55 senators have already voted for this clean, short-term, nonpartisan CR," referring to a
continuing resolution
.
Minority Leader Chuck Schumer
spoke from the floor of the Senate and said 70% of Americans supported keeping the same money for the
Affordable Care Act
, informally "Obamacare". In addition, Schumer claimed that a survey by
KFF
showed that 57% of
MAGA
supporters also favored keeping the same money for Obamacare.
[
76
]
The governments of 25 states sued the Trump administration regarding SNAP benefits ("food stamps") which were expected to run out on the first day of November. 1 out of 8 Americans rely on these benefits. SNAP stands for "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program."
[
78
]
The administration says that they are prohibited by law from using the "contingency fund" for normal, operational expenses because this money is purposed for extraordinary events such as
Hurricane Melissa
. The states suing say this both goes against the wording of the law and is a "dramatic change," pointing out that the contingency fund was used for SNAP benefits during the 2019 shutdown.
[
79
]
On October 31, a federal judge in Rhode Island cited the
Administrative Procedure Act
and temporarily ordered the Trump administration to continue SNAP funding. A second federal judge in Boston said the Trump administration's plan to stop SNAP funding during the shutdown was against the law, but did not order payments to resume.
[
80
]
On November 7,
Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson
temporarily froze the lower court order requiring full payment of SNAP.
[
81
]
ABC News
stated, "at least nine states had already begun issuing SNAP benefits under the direction of the federal agency that operates SNAP," reportedly including California, Wisconsin, Kansas, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont.
[
82
]
In early November, Trump called for ending the Senate's rule and tradition of the filibuster.
[
83
]
On November 6, some Republican senators talked about making a "clean" Continuing Resolution one of the exceptions to the filibuster rule, but it's estimated that this change is unlikely.
[
84
]
On November 9, the Senate achieved a 60-vote compromise of a "mini-bus" which will fund certain departments through next September and the rest of government through January 30. SNAP would be funded through September 2026. Senate Republicans agreed to have a vote on the Obamacare funding by the 2nd week of December. Eight Democrats voted with Republicans to end the shutdown.
[
85
]
On November 12, the House passed the bill, 222 to 209. Trump then signed it into law.
[
86
]
CBS News
said, "The moderates viewed the deal â after Republicans leaders refused Schumer's offer â as the best possible offer they could secure, arguing that continuing the shutdown would only inflict more pain without any hopes of a better deal." In addition,
Senator Tim Kaine
(D-
Virginia
) was won over by a new continuing resolution coming from the
White House
which reversed the October layoffs.
[
77
]
Government funding starting January 30, 2026
On January 8, 2026, the
House of Representatives
voted 397 - 28 for a three-bill package, known as a "minibus," which House and Senate negotiators had put forward earlier that week.
[
87
]
There was a partial shutdown from
January 31 till February 3, 2026
. On February 3, the House passed and President Trump signed the Senate version to fund the United States government through September, which the exception of the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
only being funding through February 13. This is the result of disagreement between Democrats and Republicans over how to move forward from the
situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota
.
[
88
]
In the end, 21 House Democrats had voted for the funding bill and 21 House Republicans had voted against it.
[
89
]
DHS partial shutdown starting February 14, 2026
A partial shutdown of the Department of Homeland Security began on Saturday, February 14, 2026. Most of the government employees affected will be expected to keep working, but their paychecks may be delayed depending on the length of the shutdown. This affects the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Coast Guard, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
[
90
]
The disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress pertains most recently to the
situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota
and more generally to immigration enforcement policies and actions by the Trump administration.
[
90
]
Democrats are asking for judicial warrants before agents can enter private property, a ban on ICE agents wearing face masks, the mandatory use of body cams, and new laws for use-of-force standards.
[
90
]
In fact, both President Trump and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem have spoken in favor of body cams starting in Minneapolis and going nationwide as funding becomes available.
[
91
]
Trade and tariffs
Trump with
European Commission
president
Ursula von der Leyen
in Scotland on the day of the signing of the US-EU trade agreement, July 27, 2025
Trump has been a strong proponent of tariffs both during his campaign and as president.
[
92
]
[
93
]
Throughout the first 100 days of his presidency, he implemented tariffs on multiple different countries, though mainly China, Mexico, and Canada, leading to retaliation.
[
94
]
On April 2, 2025, a day Trump nicknamed "
Liberation Day
", he announced a 10% universal import duty on all goods brought into the US (even higher for some trade partners), before ordering a 90-day pause shortly after drops in the market.
[
95
]
[
96
]
The Trump administration promised it would achieve 90 trade deals during this period, though only managed to achieve two by the end of the deadline, July 9, as well as ongoing negotiations with China, extending the window until August 1.
[
97
]
Trump threatened to raise tariffs on multiple countries after the first deadline was met, including Japan and South Korea.
[
98
]
Upon imposing the highest U.S. tariffs since the Great Depression (called "Liberation Day" in April 2025), Trump claimed that "jobs and factories will come roaring back". However, manufacturing employment declined every month for the rest of the year.
[
99
]
Though Trump claimed in December 2025 that "
inflation
has stopped", the
consumer price index
(CPI) began increasing in the months following his April 2025 announcement of tariffs.
[
100
]
Trump asserted tariffs on Chinese goods in February and April 2025, igniting a trade war that injected uncertainty as China turned to other sources.
[
101
]
In January 2026, the US dollar reached its lowest point in four years.
[
102
]
A lower dollar makes US goods less expensive abroad, but it also makes foreign products more expensive in the US and thus tends to increase inflation.
[
103
]
Immediate impact on market
Tariffs were primarily absorbed by importers by compressing profit margins. Oxford Economics estimated that tariffs contributed about 0.4 percentage points to the 2025 September
Consumer Price Index
's annual rate of 3.0%, keeping inflation above the Federal Reserve's target. Corporate earnings were significantly affected, with global companies reporting more than $35 billion in tariff-related costs ahead of the third-quarter earnings season.
[
104
]
TSMC chairman and CEO
C. C. Wei
standing next to President Trump and
Howard Lutnick
, announcing that TSMC is planning to invest in the U.S., March 3, 2025
Supreme Court hears IEEPA tariff case
On August 29, 2025, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled 7-4 that many of the Trump tariffs were invalid. The Appeals Court had ruled that the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (1977)
, did not grant the broad powers which the Trump administration was claiming. This decision did not affect some specific tariffs, such as steel or aluminum which were increased under other presidential authority.
[
105
]
On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court decided in
Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump
that the IEEPA did not authorise the president to impose tariffs. All tariffs imposed under IEEPA were struck down.
[
106
]
[
107
]
China
On May 12, the United States and China announced that tariffs would be reduced for a period of 90 days. U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods would be reduced from 145% to 30% and Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods would be reduced from 125% to 10%.
[
108
]
[
109
]
However, this 30% is still more expensive for consumers in the United States compared to the state of affairs before Trump's initial tariffs.
[
110
]
On August 11, 2025, this deal was extended for another 90 days.
[
111
]
EU
On July 27, 2025, the United States and the
European Union
concluded a trade agreement, providing for 15% tariffs on European exports. The deal was announced by Trump and President of the European Commission
Ursula von der Leyen
at
Turnberry
, Scotland.
[
112
]
[
113
]
European states committed to $750 billion in
energy purchases
and $600 billion in additional investments in the United States.
[
114
]
Middle East
From May 13 to 16, 2025, Donald Trump undertook a
four-day visit to the Middle East
, focused primarily on securing business deals and investments in the United States.
[
115
]
[
116
]
[
117
]
[
118
]
Trump calls for 10% cap on credit card interest
In early January 2026, President Trump called for capping credit card interest at 10%.
Bankrate
reported at the time that the average credit card interest rate was over 19%.
[
119
]
[
120
]
However, Wall Street analysts say that such a cap would require legislation from Congress which they estimate has "slim odds" of passing, and that this might hurt the overall economy since consumer spending is a major driver.
[
119
]
Proposals for housing affordability
In January 2026, Trump proposed several actions and policies to make housing more affordable. These included the banning of "large institutional investors" from buying single-family homes, buying up to $200 billion of mortgage debt in order to reduce mortgage interest rates [already started earlier in the month], making 50-year mortgages available, making portable mortgages available, and allowing homebuyers to use their 401(k)s plans for down payments.
[
121
]
Critics say
the housing shortage
is the number one reason for higher prices and that addressing this shortage will take a number of state and local actions. Critics also say that making portable mortgages available would give existing home-owners an even bigger advantage over first-time buyers.
[
121
]
In January 2026, Trump announced that he had ordered
Fannie Mae
and
Freddie Mac
to buy up to $200 billion in mortgage-backed bonds to drive down interest rates for new mortgages. The interest rates have since fallen.
[
121
]
Domestic policy
Abortion
In April 2024, former president Trump had declared that
abortion
should be delegated to states.
[
122
]
[
123
]
He said he would not sign a federal ban and criticized the
Arizona Supreme Court
's ruling in
Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes
(2024), which upheld an 1864 law.
[
124
]
[
125
]
The
Alabama Supreme Court
ruled in
LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine
(2024) that
frozen embryos
are living beings. In contrast, Trump positioned himself in favor of
in vitro fertilisation
(IVF).
[
126
]
[
127
]
In January 2025, Trump reinstated the
Mexico City policy ("global gag rule")
, which had been rescinded by the
Biden administration
. Since the 1980s, this rule has been put in place during Republican administrations and rescinded during Democratic administrations.
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]
In May 2025, in a case involving
telehealth
prescriptions and the abortion-drug
Mifepristone
, the Trump administration asked the court to dismiss the case, arguing that the states involve did not have
standing
. This case was
Missouri v. FDA
brought before
federal judge Matthew Kacsmaryk
in the
Northern District of Texas
. The states involved were Missouri, Idaho, and Kansas.
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In June 2025, the
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
ended the rule which required hospitals to provide emergency abortions under the
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act
.
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]
[
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]
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]
In October 2025, the
Food and Drug Administration
approved a generic version of the abortion pill
mifepristone
, allowing three U.S. companies to produce it and expanding access to medication abortion. The administration has not implemented major new restrictions on medication abortion, although
Health and Human Services
officials announced a review of mifepristone's safety in response to pressure from opponents.
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Anti-LGBTQ+ policies
During his second presidency beginning in 2025, Donald Trump launched a campaign of anti-LGBTQ+ and especially
anti-transgender policies
that eliminated federal recognition of transgender people, stripped legal protections, and sought to erase trans identities from public life.
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Through
a series of executive orders
, the administration defined sex strictly by birth biology, banned trans people from the military,
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restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare, censored research and education materials,
[
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and targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting "
gender ideology
". Additional measures barred transgender athletes from sports, limited passport access,
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and fueled international efforts to undermine trans rights. Accompanied by rhetoric portraying transgender people as a societal threat, these policies triggered widespread legal challenges, condemnation from human rights groups, and a surge in emigration and asylum claims by transgender Americans.
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Environmental and energy policy
In May 2025,
NOAA/NCEI
in the Trump administration indicated that it would no longer assemble the data that forms the basis of this chart.
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NOAA/NCEI has access to non-public data, so that any private databases would be more limited in scope.
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Within hours of his January 2025 inauguration, Trump signed an executive order withdrawing the country from the 2015
Paris Agreement
, joining only Iran, Libya and Yemen as the only countries not party to the agreement.
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]
The same day, Trump issued
Executive Order 14154
, "Unleashing American Energy", which included pausing funding for the
Inflation Reduction Act
,
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]
introducing uncertainty as to the
energy transition
.
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His administration soon renewed a practice from his first term: removing mentions of climate change across numerous federal government websites that had been reinstated during Joe Biden's intervening term.
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In April, Trump dismissed the scientists and experts who compile the
National Climate Assessments
(NCAs) that are required by Congress, the next assessment having been planned for 2028.
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The
globalchange.gov
websiteâestablished in 1990 to host legislatively mandated reports such as the NCAsâwas taken down altogether at the end of June.
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]
In May 2025,
NOAA
said that its
National Centers for Environmental Information
would no longer update its
Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters
database beyond 2024, and that its informationâgoing as far back as 1980âwould be archived.
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In July, the chief administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency
announced rescinding of the 2009
endangerment finding
, which concluded that planet-warming
greenhouse gases
pose a threat to public health.
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(The endangerment finding is the
scientific determination
that underpins the federal government's legal authority to
combat climate change
.
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]
) In concurrence with the attempt to rollback the endangerment finding, Trump's
Department of Energy
released an assessment titled
A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate
. The report was assembled by five climate science contrarians and was heavily criticized for cherry-picked evidence, falsehoods, and distortions.
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The Union of Concerned Scientists called it "deeply flawed [and] anti-science." Climate scientist Andrew Dessler called it "a mockery of science."
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]
On February 12, 2026, the
EPA
formally rescinded the
Endangerment Finding
.
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]
In August 2025, the
Bureau of Land Management
initiated a review of offshore wind energy regulations and revised its rules to favor fossil fuel production over renewables.
[
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]
On September 23, 2025,
Trump told the United Nations General Assembly
that climate change is "the greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world", that scientific
predictions
"were made by stupid people", and that renewable energy is a "scam".
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In October 2025, the US used trade and visa threats to sabotage an agreement for cleaner international shipping at the
International Maritime Organization
.
[
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]
In December 2025, Russel Vought announced plans to dismantle the
National Center for Atmospheric Research
.
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]
The Department of Energy issued several emergency orders in 2025 directing coal power plants to continue operating. The cost to ratepayers to maintain and run these aging plants was estimated at $3 billion per year.
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]
On January 7, 2026, Trump announced that the United States would be withdrawing from the 1992
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCC), the UN's
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), and 65 other international organizationsâalleging the treaties "no longer serve American interests".
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]
The next day, Trump's administration announced that the country would be withdrawing from the
Green Climate Fund
, which since 2010 has provided funds to help poorer nations deal with the effects of climate change.
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On January 14, 2026, the EPA revised its regulations on air pollution so as to no longer consider the dollar value of pollution's impact on human health when determining acceptable levels of polluted air for public health.
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Nuclear power
The Trump administration has sought to drastically expand the US's nuclear power generation, setting a goal to quadruple it by 2050. The administration seeks to revive production at decommissioned plants, such as the plant at
Three Mile Island
in Pennsylvania. It also seeks to promote the construction of new
small modular reactors
. The administration considers nuclear power generation a strategic priority because of its potential use in powering data centers needed to compete in the international AI development race. Experts are divided on the feasibility of Trump's nuclear power goals, with many expressing skepticism that they can be reached due to the high cost of nuclear power generation, while others say the conditions for financing nuclear power are relatively favorable. Despite efforts to increase nuclear power generation, data centers have led to steep increases in the cost of power in some communities, prompting local backlash.
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Deployment of federal forces, and potential deployment
This section needs to be
updated
.
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
(
November 2025
)
Trump and FBI Director
Kash Patel
(far right) in a press conference on
crime in Washington, D.C.
in August 2025
Los Angeles
During the
June 2025 Los Angeles protests
against local immigration raids, against the wishes of the governor of California and the mayor of Los Angeles, Trump federalized the California National Guard and deployed them to Los Angeles along with 700
Marines
.
Washington, D.C.
Declaring a crime emergency
in August 2025, the Trump administration deployed 2,000 National Guard soldiers to
Washington, D.C.
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The administration also federalized the
D.C. Metropolitan Police Department
for 30 days. The increased presence was mainly used in tourist areas instead of high-crime areas.
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Memphis, Tennessee
In September 2025, Trump announced the deployment of national guardsmen to
Memphis, Tennessee
, saying that the city "is deeply troubled."
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Their presence in Memphis started on October 1. U.S. attorney general
Pam Bondi
said in a social media post that the
Memphis Safe Task Force
has made more than 50 arrests over two days. Tennessee governor
Bill Lee
indicated that he believed that any deployment of National Guard troops would include no more than 150 unarmed personnel.
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]
Chicago
Trump has repeatedly singled out Chicago as "next," calling it a "mess" and claiming residents are "screaming" for federal intervention.
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No formal request has been made by Illinois officials, and crime data shows a decline.
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As reported by
BBC
, Chicago has had a declining homicide rate with 19 homicides per 100,000 persons in 2023 and 17 per 100,000 in 2024.
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]
On September 6, Trump threatened "
Apocalypse Now
"-style action against Chicago, writing "I love the smell of deportations in the morning" amid an AI-generated picture of himself as Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore in front of a burning Chicago skyline with helicopters and that "Chicago [is] about to find out why it's called the Department of WAR". The post was criticized by local elected leaders, with governor of Illinois
JB Pritzker
writing, "The President of the United States is threatening to go to war with an American city. This is not a joke. This is not normal."
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]
On Sunday September 28,
U.S. Border Patrol
and
Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
agents with automatic weapons and full combat gear patrolled high-visibility tourist areas in
Downtown Chicago
. Federal officers repeatedly fired chemicals at a crowd of 100 protesters after some of this crowd attempted to block a car from driving down a street toward the ICE building.
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On October 7,
Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson
said, "We do know that much like what we've seen in other parts of the country, there is a process that the National Guard goes through before they're actually released into the streets of Chicago or anywhere."
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On October 9, a federal judge issued a restraining order against the use of National Guard soldiers in Illinois through October 23.
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In mid-October, the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit
upheld this pause on deployment, but also upheld the federalization.
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On October 17, the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to review this decision.
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Portland, Oregon
On October 5, a federal judge whom Trump had appointed issued a temporary restraining order against the deployment of the National Guard in Portland, Oregon. This restraining order was effective through October 19.
BBC
summarized the judge's rationale as being that "the use of the military to quell unrest without Oregon's consent risked the sovereignty of that state and others, and inflamed tensions in the city of Portland."
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On October 20, a three-judge panel for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
9th Circuit
ruled 2-1 that the Trump administration can go forward with deploying National Guard soldiers in Portland. This conflicts with the decision of U.S. Court of Appeals for the
7th Circuit
for Chicago.
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]
New Orleans
This case is different because Louisiana governor
Jeff Landry
has requested the National Guard for large upcoming events: the
Bayou Classic
college football event November 27â29, New Year Eve and Day celebrations, and Mardi Gras celebrations in February. The New Orleans police superintendent said, "We are working together and planning their deployment". New Orleans had been the site of the
January 1, 2025, terrorism attack
in which 14 persons lost their lives and at least 57 persons were injured.
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]
Minneapolis
In early January 2026, federal agents
shot and killed Renee Good
. On January 24, federal agents
shot and killed Alex Pretti
. The Department of Homeland Security said the agent acted in self-defense after attempting to disarm Pretti. However, video shows him holding a cell phone.
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]
On January 26, President Trump and
Minnesota Governor Tim Walz
talked by phone, in a call which Walz described as "productive" and Trump described as "on a similar wavelength." A top official with the
U.S. Border Patrol
, along with some agents, will be leaving Minnesota.
Homeland Security Tom Homan
will be traveling to Minnesota.
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]
On February 2, 2026, Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem announced that all immigration officers in Minneapolis will begin wearing body cams (and nationwide as funding becomes available). Also on February 2, President Trump said that body cams "generally tend to be good for law enforcement because people can't lie about what's happening."
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]
Troop deployments to U.S. cities cost $496 million in 2025
The
Congressional Budget Office
, provided this estimate when requested by Senate Democrats. Deployments to five American cities â Los Angeles, Portland (Oregon), Chicago, Memphis, and Washington, DC â cost approximately $496 million from June through the end of December. Even in cities of Portland, Oregon, and Chicago, Illinois, in which National Guard soldiers were prevented from assisting law enforcement due to court order, the stand-by status still largely cost the same amount of money.
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FEMA
In April, the
Federal Emergency Management Agency
denied an extension of benefits for areas in Georgia and North Carolina which had been hit by
Hurricane Helene
in September 2024.
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]
Tornadoes hit parts the state of Mississippi in March and a major disaster declaration by the federal government took more than two months, even at the request of Republican governor
Tate Reeves
of Mississippi.
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On May 23, the Trump administration approved disaster aid for areas within 8 states including Mississippi, as well as Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.
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Health policy
Trump and his administration's
Make America Healthy Again
agenda promoted various
anti-science
and
anti-vaccine
claims, which led to a resurgence of whooping cough and measles. They alleged they were working against
Big Pharma
.
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]
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On November 14, Trump announced that he would nominate
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
for Health and Human Services Secretary. This was controversial given Kennedy's repeated endorsement of
anti-vaccine conspiracy theories
. The director of the
American Public Health Association
, America's largest organization of public health professionals, said, "He is not competent by training, management skills, temperament or trust to have this job."
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]
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]
On February 18, Trump signed an executive order calling for the policy recommendations for reducing the out-of-pocket costs of
In Vitro Fertilisation
.
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]
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On February 25, Trump signed an executive order to improve healthcare cost transparency.
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]
Trump with families of
overdose
victims after signing the HALT Fentanyl Act, July 16, 2025
By late April, the Trump administration had placed on leave and then temporarily rehired federal employees in the NIOSH, or National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, who had been involved in monitoring for black lung disease.
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On June 9, Kennedy fired all 17 members of the
Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices
. He claimed that it "has become little more than a rubber stamp for any vaccine."
Senator Bill Cassidy
, a medical doctor, said "now the fear is that the ACIP will be filled up with people who know nothing about vaccines except suspicion." These firings came before a scheduled June 25 meeting in which the committee was expected to issue new recommendations for vaccines including COVID-19.
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]
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]
In late January, several CDC websites, pages, and datasets related to HIV and STI prevention, and LGBT and youth health
became unavailable for viewing
.
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]
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]
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]
In mid-February, around 1,300 CDC employees were laid off.
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In April, it was reported that among the reductions were the elimination of the Freedom of Information Act team, the Division of Violence Prevention, labs involved in testing for antibiotic resistance, and the team responsible for recalls of hazardous infant products. Additional cuts affected the technology branch of the Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics, which was established during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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On June 25, 2025, Kennedy announced that the U.S. was stopping its donations to the Gavi vaccine alliance, until Gavi can better demonstrate vaccine safety.
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The United States had been providing approximately 13 percent of Gavi's budget.
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On August 5, 2025, Secretary Kennedy announced that he was stopping 22 vaccine projects using mRNA technology, including Covid, RSV, and bird flu. A critic of this funding halt pointed out that mRNA vaccines have the potential for faster roll-out.
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On December 5, 2025, it was no longer systematically recommended for newborns of mothers having never gotten
Hepatitis B
to get vaccinated against this infection. The memos sparked indignation among most health experts.
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]
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On February 24, 2026, more than a dozen U.S. states led by Democratic attorneys general filed a federal lawsuit against the Trump administration and its Department of Health and Human Services, challenging changes to the childhood vaccination schedule that reduced the number of routinely recommended immunisations and shifted some to âshared clinical decision-making.â
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2025 CDC leadership dispute
On May 14, 2025,
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
stated that lawyer Matthew Buzzelli is acting CDC director, though the CDC web site did not list that name.
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]
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]
Susan Monarez
was confirmed as CDC head on July 31, 2025, but on August 27, she was fired. Monarez disputed the legality of the firing, as it had not been carried out by the president, and it had been falsely reported that she had resigned. The president later officially carried out the firing.
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The firing was due to her refusing to rubber stamp what were expected to be unscientific recommendations from the senior staff vaccine experts, as well as refusing to fire them. The dispute began over demands from Kennedy and his top staff for changing the recommendation for COVID vaccine to persons with higher-risk conditions and senior citizens only. The official recommendation also affects insurance coverage and whether vaccines are available in pharmacies. Senator Bill Cassidy called for the next meeting of the
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices
to be postponed. He said, "Serious allegations have been made about the meeting agenda, membership, and lack of scientific process being followed for the now announced September ACIP meeting. These decisions directly impact children's health and the meeting should not occur until significant oversight has been conducted."
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The next day, the Trump administration announced the selection of Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services
Jim O'Neill
as a replacement.
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]
Following news of Monarez's ouster, at least four other CDC senior officials announced their resignations:
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]
[
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]
[
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]
Debra Houry
, Chief Medical Officer
Demetre Daskalakis
, Director of the
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
Daniel Jernigan, Director of the
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
Jennifer Layden
, Director of the Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, which contains the
National Center for Health Statistics
Dozens of CDC employees walked out of headquarters and protested in support of Monarez and the departing officials.
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]
Claims about autism
On September 22, 2025, Trump and other U.S. Department of Human Service officials delivered speeches issuing a major agenda for combating
autism
. Warnings were for doctors not to recommend during pregnancy the pain- and fever-reducer
acetaminophen
, which is commonly used as an ingredient in
Tylenol
.
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]
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]
These warnings were issued in spite of the fact that medical experts have found no link between autism and this ingredient, with autism generally established to be a result of complex neurological factors.
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]
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]
Scientific American
has reported that fever itself in the second [2nd] trimester is a risk factor for autism, and therefore the claims made by the Trump administration are counter-productive.
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]
Also on September 22, Trump also spoke in favor of and the
FDA
approved the use of the chemotherapy drug
leucovorin
to also help alleviate the symptoms of autism.
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]
However, the justification for this approval was based on limited evidence.
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]
A
CBS News
contributor said, "Not all children with autism have this defect, so there's a test you can do to assess whether that's what's at play. For those kids, leucovorin has been shown to help, particularly with speech, getting kids to be more verbal than they were before."
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]
The
National Institute of Health
(NIH) was also granted $50 million in funding for 13 projects to help transform autism research through the proposed Autism Data Science Initiative.
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]
Two-thirds of the increase in autism are estimated by an April 2025
Scientific American
article to be due to better diagnosis and the desire of parents and schools to get started with early intervention. However, this same article estimates that one-third is due to an actual increase in autism from a variety of factors such as mothers in richer countries being older on average at childbirth, the ability to keep more premature children alive and healthy, and small-particle air pollution during the 3rd trimester which can cause an inflammatory response.
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]
On October 9, 2025, Trump and U.S. secretary of health and human services
Robert Kennedy Jr.
alleged a link between autism and
circumcisions
.
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]
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]
Kennedy cited a 2015
Danish
study to justify this claim.
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]
The validity of Kennedy's assertion about circumcisions being linked to autism has also been challenged by scientists and medical experts.
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]
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]
Prescription drug prices
In December 2025, President Trump announced a deal in which nine major pharmaceutical companies will in 2026 begin offering "Most Favored Nation" pricing to state Medicaid programs. In return, the companies will receive a reduction in tariffs for three years. This announcement brings the total to 14 out of the 17 largest pharmaceutical manufacturers agreeing to this deal, leaving AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, and Regeneron as the major holdouts. In 2026, the Trump administration plans to start a website named TrumpRx which will not sell drugs directly, but will give patients information and links on pricing. Trump officials said the deal also included more than $150 billion for new investment within the U.S. In addition, several of the companies will be donating pharmaceutical ingredients to the
Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve
.
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]
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]
Senior citizens on
Medicare
will see lower prices in 2026 from the first negotiated prices going into effect from the
Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)
signed in 2022 by
President Biden
. This includes
blood thinners
such as Eliquis and Xarelto and
diabetes drugs
such as Jardiance and Januvia. However, a negative feature of the Inflation Adjustment Act is, that since it penalizes year-to-year increases in drug prices, drug companies have responded by setting higher starting prices. One study found that "launch prices" for new drugs became approximately 50% higher over the three-year period from 2022 to 2024 (inclusive), with an expert saying this practice is likely to continue until it receives a policy response.
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Subsidies for Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")
On January 8, 2026, the
House
voted 230â196 to extend the higher
Biden-era
subsidies for another three years. Without this extension, it's estimated that monthly premiums will double for many persons who are signed up for the
Affordable Care Act
. One House Republican said, "I am voting in favor of this discharge and of this legislation to send it to the Senate, so that the Senate will have the opportunity to put forth a reform package that can pass Congress and become law."
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]
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]
Immigration
Kristi Noem
,
Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security
President-elect Trump stated his intentions to revive the
immigration policies
from his first presidency, including a
travel ban
on refugees from
Iran
,
Iraq
,
Libya
,
Somalia
,
Sudan
,
Syria
, and
Yemen
. Other policies included
expulsion of asylum seekers
by asserting that they carry
infectious diseases
, deputization of
police officers
and soldiers to assist in mass
deportations
, and the establishment of sprawling
detention camps
.
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]
Trump said "there is no price tag" to carry out these deportations.
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]
On November 10, 2024, Trump announced that
Tom Homan
would be "
border czar
".
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]
While border crossings reached record highs during the first half of the Biden presidency, they fell to lower levels near the end of his term, then dropped even further at the start of Trump's presidency.
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]
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]
Shortly after he became president on January 20, 2025, the Trump administration ended services for the app of
CBP One
, reinstated the
national emergency
at the
southern border
, ordered the armed forces to draft plans for deployment,
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and began the steps towards labeling Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations.
[
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]
Trump increased deportation authorities for the
Drug Enforcement Administration
, the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
, and the
Marshals Service
.
[
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]
He gave ICE the power to deport immigrants who had come to the United States legally under
Biden administration
programs,
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]
and established daily deportation quotas to ICE offices.
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]
Trump also signed an
executive order
attempting to end
birthright citizenship
for children of unauthorized immigrants as well as immigrants legally but temporarily present in the United States. At least nine lawsuits have been filed challenging the order on constitutional grounds, and as of February 2025
, four federal judges have issued preliminary injunctions blocking its implementation and enforcement nationwide.
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On June 27, the Supreme Court limited the ability of individual District Judges to issue injunctions against executive actions, meaning to pause executive action. The Supreme Court did not rule on the merits of birthright citizenship. District Judges can still issue injunctions in limited circumstances, such as for persons directly involved in a class action lawsuit.
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On January 22, 2025, Trump ended the policy from 2011 which prohibited immigration arrests in sensitive areas such as courthouses, schools, churches, and hospitals, or during funerals and weddings.
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NPR reported that a "growing number" of Democrat and Republican officials in cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments stated they would not assist in migrant raids citing public safety, civil rights, and administrative capability concerns.
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On January 29, Trump signed the
Laken Riley Act
into law, the first legislation of his second term.
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On the same day, he signed a presidential memorandum to begin expansion of the
Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center
to house up to 30,000 migrants under detention, separate from the high security military prison at Guantanamo Bay.
On February 6,
U.S. Border Patrol
chief
Michael W. Banks
claimed that illegal border crossings were already down almost 90% since Trump's inauguration, and that criminal prosecutions of those apprehended were up more than 50%.
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On February 25, Trump announced that the US would launch "
Gold Card
" residency permits for wealthy immigrants for a price of US$5 million, with an estimated release near the end of March 2025.
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]
Trump deported 37,660 people during his first month in office.
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]
In response to injunctions countering his deportations, Trump considered suspending
habeas corpus
.
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253
]
Stephen Miller
in May 2025 said regarding immigration cases that "
habeas corpus
can be suspended in a time of invasion", and that the Trump administration was "actively looking at" carrying out such a suspension, depending on "whether the courts do the right thing or not";
Article One of the United States Constitution
forbids such a suspension "unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it."
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]
On July 1, Trump toured a newly built facility in the Florida Everglades nicknamed "
Alligator Alcatraz
". This facility is designed to keep 3,000 persons in detention.
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]
On July 10, the Department of Health and Human Services announced they would be restricting undocumented immigrants from enrolling for
Head Start
, a federally funded U.S. preschool program.
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]
The administration announced on August 21, 2025, that it would be reviewing all 55 million visa holders in the United States.
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257
]
In October 2025, the White House set a record-low refugee admissions cap of 7,500 for the 2026 fiscal year, primarily for white Afrikaners from South Africa.
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258
]
By December 2025, the Department of Homeland Security reported the deportation of over 605,000 individuals, while an additional 1.9 million people voluntarily left the country. This resulted in a net negative immigration flow in 2025, marking the first such occurrence in 50 years. According to
Brookings Institution
, the net loss of immigrants ranged from 10,000 to 295,000 people.
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In January 2026, the U.S. suspended immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, citing concerns over potential financial burdens and a need to reassess immigration procedures to prevent reliance on public welfare.
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]
On February 2026, the Global Entry program that expedites U.S. Customs and Immigration clearance for pre-approved low-risk travelers was suspended to "preserve limited funds and personnel". However, the Trump administration reinstated it on March 11, 2026.
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]
Labor policy
Coal mining regulations
A rule from 2024 had been scheduled to go into effect in Spring of 2025 lowering the allowable silica dust from 100 to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air averaged over an 8-hour shift, with 50 being the standard already enforced by
OSHA
in other industries. However, industry lawsuits delayed the rule in April 2025, and the Trump administration did not energetically defend the new standard. In addition, a group of seven Republicans in the
U.S. House
led by
Tim Walberg
(
R
-
Michigan's
5th Congressional District
) signed a letter to the
Mine Safety and Health Administration
saying the new rule ignored cheaper solutions such as job rotation.
[
260
]
In 2018,
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
reported that approximately one in five coal miners with at least 25 years' experience in central
Appalachia
had
black lung disease
. However, among 11,000 workers who sought chest X-rays from 2020 to 2025, approximately 55% had some form of black lung.
[
260
]
CBS News
said, "Some angry retired miners with black lung are fighting back, demanding that President Donald Trump honor promises he made to the people who voted him in."
[
260
]
Mass federal layoffs and firings
On February 13, Charles Ezell, acting director of the U.S.
Office of Personnel Management
, signed a directive instructing federal agencies to dismiss probationary employeesâgenerally, federal workers who have held their jobs less than a year, or had been promoted into the
excepted service
during that time.
[
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]
[
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]
Ezell told agencies to tell the fired employees that their performance was inadequate, and that they needed to cite no evidence.
[
263
]
As of May 12, 2025
,
The New York Times
tracked more than 58,000 confirmed cuts, more than 76,000 employee buyouts, and more than 149,000 other planned reductions; cuts total 12% of the 2.4 million civilian federal workers.
[
264
]
As of July 14, 2025
,
CNN
has tracked more than 128,000 workers laid off or targeted for layoffs.
[
265
]
The administration took back some layoffs such as for bird flu and nuclear safety.
[
266
]
In December 2025, the Office of Personnel Management launched the
United States Tech Force
, a two-year hiring initiative intended to recruit about 1,000 technologists (including AI engineers) for federal technology modernization projects across multiple agencies.
[
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]
[
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]
Trump oversaw mass firings of federal workers at various agencies, many of them described as breaking with precedent or federal law and with the intent to replace them with workers more aligned with Trump's agenda.
[
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]
[
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]
[
271
]
[
272
]
On January 24, 2025, less than a week into Trump's second presidency, he fired 17 independent
inspectors general
at federal agencies, which appeared to violate federal law that requires advance notice of dismissals to both chambers of congress with reasons given 30 days in advance.
[
273
]
Trump also fired all Democratic but not Republican members of the
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board
, which would prevent the board from meeting quorum and functioning.
[
274
]
Trump also fired members of the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
,
National Labor Relations Board
and 56 senior officials at
USAID
for allegedly attempting to thwart his priorities.
[
269
]
Defense and military
President Trump fired over 160 members of the
National Security Council
for not aligning with his agenda.
[
269
]
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired
Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse
who had been the director of the
Defense Intelligence Agency
, reportedly because his preliminary assessments regarding the June bombing of nuclear sites in Iran disagreed with President Trump's public address to the nation that the Iran nuclear program had been set back "basically decades." Also on August 22,
CBS News
confirmed that
Rear Adm. Milton Sands
, who had served as commander of Navy Special Warfare, and
Vice Adm. Nancy Lacore
, who had been the chief of the Navy Reserve, both had been fired. In addition, CBS News reported that
Maj. Gen. J. Patrick Work
, commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division, had "recently" been pulled from a future role as deputy commander of
U.S. Central Command
.
[
275
]
Announced on October 4,
Secretary of Defense Hegseth
fired Navy chief of staff
Jon Harrison
.
[
276
]
Firing of BLS director
Trump fired BLS
director Erika McEntarfer
soon after a downward revision to the July 2025 employment statistic, but subsequent months showed no net improvement over July's number.
[
66
]
In December 2025, Trump rated his economy as "A+++++".
[
65
]
In early August, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) revised their numbers for May from 125,000 new jobs to 19,000, and their June numbers from 147,000 new jobs to 14,000. The BLS frequently revises monthly jobs numbers, but typically not to this extent.
[
277
]
For the United States, unemployment is still low at 4.2%. The BLS estimates that 73,000 new jobs were added in July.
[
277
]
President Trump fired BLS
director Erika McEntarfer
. On social media, he wrote, "No one can be that wrong? We need accurate Jobs Numbers. She will be replaced with someone much more competent and qualified. Important numbers like this must be fair and accurate, they can't be manipulated for political purposes."
[
277
]
In the last 10 years, companies have responded slower to the jobs survey and the percentage of companies responding at all has fallen. However, the survey gets responses from roughly 200,000 business locations, which can be independent companies or franchise owners.
[
277
]
Two former commissioners with the BLS, including one appointed by Trump during his first term, made public statements criticizing the firing and supporting Director McEntarfer.
Associated Press
describes the economic data provided by the United States government as having long being regarded as the gold standard of economic measurement.
[
277
]
National Security
Counterterrorism policies
Trump issued
NSPM-7
(National Security Presidential Memorandum-7) on September 25, 2025, directing a government-wide strategy to counter what it characterizes as organized domestic terrorism and political violence. The memorandum cites "common threads" such as "anti-Americanism", "anti-capitalism", "anti-Christianity", support for 'overthrowing' the United States Government, and extremism related to migration, race, and gender. It assigns the National Joint Terrorism Task Force to lead investigations, directs the Department of Justice to prioritize prosecutions and consider domestic terrorist organization designations, and instructs the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service to disrupt financial networks, while noting that the directive creates no enforceable rights. Thirty-one
[
which?
]
members of Congress later warned in a letter that NSPM-7 raises constitutional and civil-liberties concerns if used to target political dissent or ideological speech.
[
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]
[
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]
[
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]
[
281
]
Punishing states with cuts to Homeland Security funding
Due to the specific states not cooperating with Trump immigration policy, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reduced more than $233 million from Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and state of Washington. In addition, funding was cut to the District of Columbia.
[
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]
In December, a federal judge ruled that the Trump administration could not do this, stating in her decision, "To hold hostage funding for programs like these based solely on what appear to be defendants' political whims is unconscionable and, at least here, unlawful."
[
282
]
On March 18, 2025, the Social Security Administration announced they would be implementing tighter identity requirements starting March 31,
[
283
]
[
284
]
with this date pushed forward to April 14. The new policy requires takes away the telephone option and requires individuals to either apply online or appear in-person at a field office.
Applications for SSDI, Medicare, or SSI are exempted from this in-person requirement, along with applicants subject to extreme situations "such as terminal cases or prisoner pre-release scenarios."
This new policy comes at a time the Trump administration is closing some field offices and laying off some Social Security staff.
In late March,
Wired
reported that DOGE was putting together a team to migrate the Social Security base code from
COBOL
to a more modern programming language, with the goal of achieving this in a matter of months, whereas most experts say it should take several years to do and test this safely.
[
287
]
[
288
]
It was reported in mid-April that the Trump administration had placed on the "Death Master File", renamed the "Ineligible Master File", more than 6,000 persons who are legal immigrants whom officials claim are either on a terrorism watch list or have an FBI criminal record. The White House, however, did not provide evidence for this claim.
[
289
]
Social Security will "clawback" money from a disabled or retired person's monthly payments in cases in which overpayments are discovered. Overpayments can either be the fault of Social Security or of the recipient, for example, a person on SSDI disability not reporting monthly work income over a certain threshold. The Biden administration had capped the clawback rate at 10%, but this expired on March 27, 2025, reverting to 100%. On April 25, the Trump administration reduced this clawback rate to 50%.
Universities
Leo Terrell
, the head of the Trump administration's
Task Force to Combat Antisemitism
, with Donald Trump and Israeli prime minister
Benjamin Netanyahu
at the White House, April 7, 2025
In February 2025,
Leo Terrell
, the chair of the Department of Justice's
Task Force to Combat Antisemitism
, announced that he would investigate
Columbia University
,
Harvard University
,
George Washington University
,
Johns Hopkins University
,
New York University
,
Northwestern University
,
University of California, Berkeley
,
University of California, Los Angeles
, the
University of Minnesota
, and the
University of Southern California
as part of the Department of Justice's broader investigation into
antisemitism
on college campuses.
[
291
]
Trump's actions targeting higher education were described as part of an intimidation campaign against institutions viewed as hostile to his political views.
[
292
]
[
293
]
He
targeted higher education
by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and
targeted activists
, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.
[
294
]
Trump froze billions of dollars in federal funding for multiple universities in express defiance of existing laws prohibiting such actions without following proper legal processes that did not happen.
[
295
]
The deals and demands made by Trump were criticized as coercive, a shakedown, and legalized extortion in what
Axios
described as pursuit of a "cultural crackdown".
[
296
]
[
295
]
On September 3, Judge
Allison D. Burroughs
found Trump's efforts to freeze billions of dollars of funding for Harvard illegal, writing that the government had infringed upon Harvard's free speech rights and that it was "difficult to conclude anything other than that defendants used antisemitism as a smokescreen for a targeted, ideologically-motivated assault on this country's premier universities".
[
297
]
Foreign policy
Asked: Are there limits on your global power?
    Â
Yeah, there is one thing. My own morality. My own mind. It's the only thing that can stop me. I don't need international law. I'm not looking to hurt people.
âDonald Trump, January 7, 2026
[
298
]
New York Times
White House correspondents wrote that "Mr. Trump's assessment... was the most blunt acknowledgment yet of his worldview. At its core is the concept that national strength, rather than laws, treaties and conventions, should be the deciding factor as powers collide."
[
298
]
A 2025
Pew Research Center
study found that more than half in 19 of 24 countries surveyed, said they lack confidence in Trump's leadership of world affairs, with views about Trump differing sharply along ideological and partisan lines.
[
299
]
Among 24 surveyed countries, Trump's 2025 ratings trailed those of Joe Biden's 2024 ratings by an average of twelve percentage points in world affairs, though Trump fared better among right-wing populist parties in Europe.
[
300
]
As of January 2026,
Trump has made eight international trips
to thirteen different countries during his second presidency.
Trump's second term foreign policy has been described as a mixture of both
imperialist
and
expansionist
policies.
[
301
]
[
302
]
[
303
]
[
304
]
He engaged in a
realist
and
isolationist
"
America First
" foreign policy agenda.
[
305
]
[
306
]
His administration favored
hard power
to achieve foreign policy goals,
[
307
]
and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American
soft power
.
[
308
]
[
309
]
The moves were described as ceding American global influence and creating a void filled by
Russia
and
China
.
[
310
]
His relations with allies were transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, and he threatened them with economic tariffs or annexation.
[
311
]
[
312
]
He was described as taking the side of Russia in the
Russian invasion of Ukraine
,
[
311
]
[
312
]
[
313
]
and overseeing a rupture of the post-1945 rules-based
liberal international order
and abandonment of
multilateralism
.
[
314
]
[
305
]
[
306
]
Michael Klare
wrote that
containing the influence of China
and preventing the rise of any rival power is the central foreign policy objective of the administration.
[
315
]
Trump has attempted to deepen the
U.S.-India partnership
.
[
316
]
Trump's administration saw large drops in global public opinion of the U.S.
[
317
]
Countries like Canada, Germany, the U.K., Denmark, and Finland warned their citizens about traveling to the U.S.
[
318
]
[
319
]
[
320
]
[
321
]
[
322
]
Americas
Trump's second presidency has been characterized by a renewed American interference in the internal affairs of Latin American nations. These efforts have included both threats and promises made to influence the outcomes of elections in Honduras, Chile and Argentina, as well as tariff threats against Brazil and Mexico and military action against Venezuela.
[
323
]
Argentina
Trump with Argentina president
Javier Milei
on February 22, 2025
On October 20, the United States and Argentina agreed to a currency swap for up to $20 billion. About President Javier Milei of Argentina and his upcoming October 26 mid-term elections, President Trump said, "If he loses, we are not going to be generous with Argentina."
[
324
]
The Trump administration also announced plans to increase beef imports from Argentina. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association objected to this plan with their leader saying, "If President Trump is truly an ally of America's cattle producers, we call on him to abandon this effort to manipulate markets." On October 22, Trump posted on social media that American ranchers need to help get beef prices down, and said that ranchers "don't understand that the only reason they are doing so well, for the first time in decades, is because I put Tariffs on cattle coming into the United States, including a 50% Tariff on Brazil."
[
325
]
Boat strikes
At Trump's direction, the United States has executed a series of
airstrikes
in the Caribbean Sea on vessels alleged to be smuggling illegal drugs. As of January 4, 2026, a total of 35 strikes have been conducted, in which 115 individuals have been killed and 2 have been rescued after surviving the strikes.
[
326
]
Since the first strike, which was conducted on September 2, 2025, and killed eleven people, the Trump Administration has invoked combatting "terrorism" conducted by drug cartels as a justification for the strikes.
[
327
]
Many legal experts have argued that the strikes constitute illegal
extrajudicial killings
under both U.S. and
international law
, noting that drug smuggling is generally considered to be a crime, not an act of war, and that the military is categorically prohibited from targeting civilians, even suspected criminals, unless facing a threat of imminent harm.
[
328
]
Conservative
lawyer and commentator
Andrew C. McCarthy
, writing in
National Review
, called the strikes "lawless" and "not legitimate under the law."
[
329
]
The
U.S. Department of Justice
's
Office of Legal Counsel
defended the strikes in a memo that has not been released to the public, endorsing President Trump's claim that the United States is an armed conflict with Latin American drug cartels and arguing that the destruction of drug boats eliminates a source of revenue that could be used to purchase weapons for attacks against the United States.
[
330
]
On November 27,
The Washington Post
published an article alleging that Secretary of Defense
Pete Hegseth
had ordered the officers responsible for the first airstrike on September 2, 2025, to "kill everyone," on board, prompting Admiral
Frank M. Bradley
to order a second strike to kill the two survivors of the initial strike, who were clinging to the wreckage of the boat that had been by the initial strike.
[
331
]
As
no quarter
orders are forbidden under the
Law of war
, the second September 2 strike was widely criticized as constituting a
war crime
even under the Trump Administration's justification for the boat strike campaign in general, with the chair of the
United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
,
Republican
Senator
Roger Wicker
, along with ranking member
Jack Reed
, promising "vigorous oversight to determine the facts related to these circumstances."
[
332
]
According to
The New York Times
, five U.S. officials stated that while Hegseth did, on September 2, order the killing of all individuals aboard the alleged drug boat, he did not specifically address what was to be done if any individuals survived the initial strike and was not present when Bradley carried out the second strike.
[
333
]
After Hegseth refused to release a video of the second strike to
Congress
, the
United States Senate
placed a provision in the 2026
National Defense Authorization Act
holding back a quarter of Hegseth's travel budget until he showed the video to lawmakers.
[
334
]
Venezuela
On January 3, 2026, the United States launched
airstrikes
in Venezuela, capturing Venezuelan president
NicolĂĄs Maduro
and his wife,
[
335
]
and resulting in an estimated 80 casualties, including Maduro's personal guard, military personnel, and civilians
[
336
]
. The airstrike was done without congressional awareness or authorization, resulting in criticism from media and a number of congressmen.
[
337
]
Maduro and his wife were arraigned in a Manhattan federal court on 5, January 2026. Both pleaded not guilty to a number of drug trafficking charges,
[
338
]
and Judge
Alvin Hellerstein
ordered that Maduro be held until at least a 17 March hearing, later delayed to March 26, 2026.
[
339
]
Europe
Trump has emphasized good relations with Finland, especially with the "
icebreaker
trade" in October 2025.
[
340
]
[
341
]
Trump with Finnish president
Alexander Stubb
at the
Oval Office
.
NATO spending
The Trump administration has argued that European nations should contribute more to their own defense while the U.S. focuses on China.
[
342
]
During his 2024 campaign, he said he would not defend
NATO
allies if they did not meet the alliance's spending target of 2% of
GDP
on defense, and that he would "encourage" Russia to "do whatever the hell they want".
[
343
]
[
344
]
[
345
]
Trump officials privately expressed contempt for European "freeloading";.
[
346
]
[
347
]
Trump's policies and rhetoric accelerated an
ongoing European rearmament
.
[
348
]
[
349
]
[
350
]
[
351
]
Trump called Poland, which exceeds the NATO defense spending target, "one of the best groups of people I have ever met".
[
352
]
Vice President JD Vance
Trump's administration has also expressed cultural disagreement with Europe and the
European Union
: in
a speech
at the
61st Munich Security Conference
, Vice President Vance criticized European policies on free speech and democratic values, and accused European leaders of suppressing dissenting views on issues such as immigration.
[
342
]
[
353
]
Vance also expressed support for lifting restrictions on the
Alternative for Germany
, a far-right German political party.
[
354
]
UK
Trump with British prime minister
Keir Starmer
at
Turnberry
, Scotland, July 28, 2025
While meeting with British prime minister
Keir Starmer
in February 2025, Trump accepted a request from
King Charles III
for a
state visit
in the U.K.;
[
355
]
[
356
]
both Trump and Starmer praised the U.S.âU.K. "
Special Relationship
".
[
355
]
The state visit
occurred between September 16â18
2025.
[
357
]
Ukraine
Trump began a push for
peace negotiations
to end the
RussiaâUkraine war
.
[
358
]
Trump's first foreign visit as
president-elect
was to Paris for
the reopening
of the
Notre-Dame de Paris
, during which he met with French president
Emmanuel Macron
and Ukrainian president
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
to discuss the war,
[
359
]
[
360
]
and met with other European officials.
[
361
]
[
362
]
In February 2025,
Trump held phone calls
with Russian president
Vladimir Putin
and with Zelenskyy that he said marked the beginning of negotiations.
[
363
]
He threatened Ukraine with a suspension of
U.S. military aid
[
364
]
and Russia with sanctions and tariffs if he decided they were not negotiating in good faith.
[
365
]
[
366
]
The U.S. sought a
mineral resources agreement with Ukraine
[
367
]
though was unwilling to offer postwar security guarantees for Ukraine in exchange.
[
367
]
[
368
]
Negotiators reached a deal on the agreement
[
369
]
[
370
]
[
371
]
but the agreement fell through after
a contentious meeting between Trump and Zelenskyy
in the
Oval Office
that ended when the Ukrainian delegation was abruptly asked to leave.
[
355
]
[
372
]
Afterwards, the U.K. and France developed a proposal in which a "
coalition of the willing
" would provide security guarantees to Ukraine.
[
373
]
[
374
]
The
U.S. and Russia held a summit
in Saudi Arabia for peace talks in February
[
375
]
and U.S. held a summit with Ukraine the next month, during which Ukraine accepted a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire.
[
376
]
[
377
]
Putin did not accept the ceasefire,
[
378
]
though on March 18 Russia agreed to a 30-day ceasefire only for strikes on energy infrastructure and in the
Black Sea
,
[
379
]
which Ukraine agreed to.
[
380
]
[
381
]
Trump and Ukrainian president
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
at
NATO summit
in
The Hague
, June 25, 2025
On July 9, Trump reversed a previously suspended military aid package to Ukraine following Russia's largest aerial assault on the country, involving hundreds of drones and missiles. The suspension, reportedly authorized by senior defense officials without Trump's prior knowledge. Trump expressed growing frustration with Russian president Vladimir Putin, accusing him of insincerity and relentless aggression, saying, "He wants to go all the way, just keep killing people, it's no good." The U.S. are discussing sending 10
Patriot missiles
to Ukraine, and Trump said he is reviewing a
proposed sanctions bill
by Senator
Lindsey Graham
that would impose 500%
tariffs
on countries trading with Russia. Although Trump has previously mentioned
secondary sanctions
, none have been implemented so far, with the president citing their cost and waiting to see if a peace deal would emerge.
[
382
]
On July 14, 2025, Trump threatened to impose 100% tariffs and secondary sanctions on
countries purchasing Russian oil
if Russia did not agree to a ceasefire within 50 days.
[
383
]
[
384
]
Trump confirmed a
summit meeting
between him and Putin to be held on August 15, 2025, in
Alaska
[
385
]
The high-level summit at
Joint Base ElmendorfâRichardson
in
Anchorage
concluded without progress toward a ceasefire. Following the talks, Trump suggested the United States could assist Ukraine with surveillance flights or air defense support, while ruling out the deployment of ground troops.
[
386
]
[
387
]
EU, NATO members and Zelenskyy in Washington D.C.
, August 18, 2025
Trump emphasized that European nations should shoulder the primary burden of assistance and pressed Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to take greater responsibility in securing peace. He further hinted that Ukraine may eventually face difficult choices, including potential territorial concessions, to bring the conflict to an end.
[
388
]
In September 2025, Trump urged Europe to stop buying
Russian oil
and start putting
economic pressure on China
for funding Russia's war effort.
[
389
]
Treasury Secretary
Scott Bessent
said the Trump administration is "prepared to increase pressure on Russia, but we need our European partners to follow us."
[
390
]
In September 2025, the Trump administration approved the delivery of the first two packages of weapons to Ukraine from US stockpiles totalling approximately $1 billion, which would be paid for by NATO allies, under the new mechanism called
Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List
(PURL). The mechanism aims to deliver aid worth up to $10 billion.
[
391
]
On September 27, 2025, President Zelenskyy announced a $90 billion arms agreement with the United States in works.
[
392
]
On October 22, 2025, the United States imposed sanctions on Russian energy companies
Rosneft
and
Lukoil
,
[
393
]
affecting their customers in
China
and
India
.
[
394
]
Africa
South Africa
Trump with South African president
Cyril Ramaphosa
in May 2025
Trump's administration strained
relations with South Africa
. Trump suspended all aid to South Africa, saying the country's
land expropriation law
discriminated against
Afrikaners
;
[
395
]
he also offered Afrikaners refugee status in the U.S.
[
342
]
[
396
]
Rubio refused to attend the
G20 foreign ministers' meeting in Johannesburg
[
397
]
and he declared the South African ambassador
persona non grata
for his criticism of U.S. policies.
[
398
]
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda
Rubio condemned the
Rwandan
-backed
Goma offensive
in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
and called for an immediate ceasefire and respect for territorial integrity.
[
399
]
In April, U.S. officials entered into talks with the DRC on a minerals deal after a proposal from Congolese president
FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
.
[
400
]
Signing ceremony for the peace agreement, Washington, D.C., June 27, 2025.
In June 2025, President Trump brokered a
peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda
, with the U.S. getting "a lot of mineral rights." This potentially brings to an end a 30+ year conflict dating back to the
1994 Rwanda genocide
. Each country had accused the other of financing and supporting rebel groups. On June 27, in a deal signed in the White House, each country pledged to end such support, allow the return of refugees, and create a joint security coordination mechanism aimed at resolving disputes.
[
401
]
An estimated 6 million persons have died in this conflict, and Trump said that this deal ends "one of the worst wars anyone's ever seen." A critic said, "It risks reducing peace to a transactional exchange. Minerals are only one driver of conflict." Secretary of State Marco Rubio said, "This is an important moment after 30 years of war. President Trump is a president of peace. He really does want peace. He prioritizes it above all else."
[
401
]
A former prime minister of the DR Congo, Joseph Kabila, expressed skepticism of the peace deal, saying that it was "nothing more than a trade agreement."
[
402
]
South Sudan
In April 2025, the U.S. revoked all visas of and barred entry to citizens of
South Sudan
after a dispute over the deportation of a South Sudanese citizen.
[
403
]
Asia
Middle East
Trump and Qatar's emir
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
in
Lusail
, Qatar during
Donald Trump's visit to the Middle East
, May 2025
Houthis
In March 2025, the
U.S. began a series of airstrikes
on
Houthi
targets in Yemen to counter
attacks on Red Sea shipping
, with the goal of restoring freedom of navigation and deterring further aggression.
[
404
]
U.S. officials accidentally included
The Atlantic
editor
Jeffrey Goldberg
in a
Signal
group chat discussing the military plans,
sparking a political scandal
and accusations of risking national security and violating records-preservation laws.
[
405
]
[
406
]
[
407
]
In May 2025, Trump announced that his administration had reached a
ceasefire
deal with the Houthis.
[
408
]
Iran
Trump and Vance in the
Situation Room
during
strikes on Iran
Trump reinstated his
"maximum pressure" campaign
against Iran and sought
a new set of negotiations
to limit
Iran's nuclear program
.
[
409
]
[
410
]
In March 2025, Trump sent a letter to Iranian supreme leader
Ali Khamenei
urging new negotiations and warning of military action if talks fail.
[
411
]
[
412
]
[
413
]
On June 13, 2025,
Israeli planes bombed sites in Iran
associated with Iran's nuclear program. President Trump stated he was not involved, although Iranian leaders have said they do not believe this. There have been reports that Trump vetoed a plan to kill Iran's Ayatollah Khamenei, and that the United States communicated to Israel that Iran has not killed an American and discussions of killing political leaders should not be on the table.
[
414
]
In retaliation, Iran has fired missiles and drones at Israel, most of which has been shot down by Israel's
Iron Dome
air defense system.
[
415
]
As of June 15, 24 people have been killed in Israel
[
416
]
and 224 people have been killed in Iran,
[
417
]
according to state media.
On June 18, Trump said he had not decided whether to join with Israeli bombing runs on nuclear program sites in Iran. Trump said that it is "very late to be talking." An Iranian foreign ministry spokesman told Al Jazeera news that he did not believe the Trump administration could dictate to Israel what it can and cannot do.
[
418
]
Regarding whether the United States will strike with B-2 planes carrying "bunker-buster" bombs directed against Iran's Fordo nuclear site (which is buried in a mountain), President Trump said, "Based on the fact that there is a substantial chance of negotiations that may or may not take place with Iran in the near future, I will make my decision whether or not to go within the next two weeks."
[
419
]
On June 21, 2025, the U.S.
attacked three nuclear sites
: the
Fordow
uranium enrichment facility, the
Natanz
nuclear facility, and
Isfahan
nuclear technology center.
[
420
]
[
421
]
B-2 airplanes took off from the state of Missouri and made the 18-hour flight to Iran, being refueled multiple times en route. Entering Iranian airspace, fighter jets cleared space ahead of them, and a Navy sub fired more than 24 Tomahawk missiles. The leading B-2 dropped two Massive Ordnance Penetrators bombs (MOPs, or "bunker-busters") at the Fordo site. A total of 14 MOPs were dropped at two target sites.
Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth
said, "We devastated the Iranian nuclear program, but it's worth noting that the operation did not target Iranian troops or the Iranian people."
[
422
]
On June 22, Trump said that since the Islamic regime in control of Iran has failed to make Iran great, it should be replaced to "Make Iran Great Again".
[
423
]
[
424
]
Later he posted on social media that their constant anger, hostility, and despair have only led them to ruin. The path they're on offers no hope, only more hardship, " I wish the leadership of Iran would realize that you often get more with honey than you do with vinegar".
[
425
]
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired director of
Defense Intelligence Agency
Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse
. This reportedly was done because General Kruse had made a preliminary assessment that Iran had moved some of their uranium stockpile and that the bombing had only set Iran back a matter of mere months, whereas President Trump had said in a speech to the nation that Iran's program had been set back "basically decades."
Senator Mark Warner
(Democrat - Virginia), who is vice-chair of the
Senate Select Intelligence Committee
, said, "The firing of yet another senior national security official underscores the Trump administration's dangerous habit of treating intelligence as a loyalty test rather than a safeguard for our country."
[
275
]
During the
2025â2026 Iranian protests
, Trump repeatedly warned the Iranian authorities that the U.S. would "intervene" if the regime did not halt its
crackdown on protesters
.
[
426
]
On January 16, 2026, Trump announced that the Iranian leadership had reportedly canceled over 800 planned executions.
[
427
]
On February 28, 2026, Trump launched a
major attack on Iran
with Israel with the stated goal of
regime change
.
[
428
]
Israel and Gaza
President Trump hosting
Benjamin Netanyahu
at the White House on July 7, 2025
Secretary of Defense
Pete Hegseth
hosting Netanyahu at the Pentagon on July 9, 2025
After being elected in November 2024, Trump said he wished to end the
Gaza war
,
[
429
]
[
430
]
telling Israeli prime minister
Benjamin Netanyahu
to end
Israel's invasion
within two months
[
429
]
and warning Hamas that they would have "all hell to pay" if they did not agree to a ceasefire and
release all hostages
by Trump's inauguration.
[
431
]
Trump's incoming administration joined the Biden administration in pressuring negotiations,
[
432
]
[
433
]
[
434
]
and Israel and Hamas
agreed to a phased ceasefire
on January 15, 2025.
[
435
]
[
436
]
In February 2025, Trump
proposed an American takeover of Gaza
in which the territory's Palestinian population would be relocated to allow for its redevelopment, which was criticized by Egypt and Jordan.
[
437
]
[
438
]
The ceasefire lasted until March 18, when
Israel launched attacks on Gaza
.
[
439
]
Trump's special envoy
Steve Witkoff
blamed Hamas for renewed fighting in Gaza.
[
440
]
On May 16, while in
Abu Dhabi
, United Arab Emirates, Trump said, "We're looking at Gaza. And we're going to get that taken care of. A lot of people are starving." This is an area of tension between President Trump and
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu
. Israel claims that
Hamas
systemically raids food aid in order to support its operations, and Israel has put forward a plan of food distributed through a system of hubs run by private contractors and protected by Israeli soldiers. The U.S.-backed
Gaza Humanitarian Foundation
has been set up to carry out this plan and announced it would be ready to begin operations by the end of May.
[
441
]
[
442
]
On July 28, while in
Scotland
, President Trump said he believed there was
starvation occurring in Gaza
. He further added, "Nobody's done anything great over there. The whole place is a mess... I told Israel maybe they have to do it a different way." Israeli Prime Minister said, "And what has interdicted the supply of humanitarian aid is one force, Hamas. Again, the reversal of truth."
[
443
]
[
444
]
Asked about an Israeli
double-strike on a hospital
on August 25, 2025, Trump said he was "not happy about it," adding, "We have to end this whole nightmare."
[
445
]
Trump at the
Gaza peace summit
in
Sharm El Sheikh
, Egypt, on October 13, 2025
On September 29, 2025, President Trump announced, alongside Prime Minister Netanyahu, a
20-Point Gaza Peace Plan
from the White House which consisted of 20 specific points aimed at achieving a ceasefire, the return of
Israeli hostages
, dismantling
Hamas
's military capabilities, and establishing a transitional governance structure in the
Gaza Strip
.
[
446
]
In October 2025, President Trump announced his deal for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas had been reached and that the remaining hostages would be released.
[
447
]
In exchange, Israel will release 250 Palestinian prisoners serving longterm sentences and another 1,700 other prisoners. The Israeli military will withdraw from a "blue line" to a "yellow line" further away from the Gaza coast.
[
448
]
Trump was widely praised for negotiating this settlement, including by former presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama and former Secretary of State and 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.
[
449
]
[
450
]
On October 23, 2025, the
Knesset
passed a bill that would apply
Israeli sovereignty
to all West Bank settlements. The bill was condemned by Vice President
JD Vance
as a "very stupid political stunt" and by Secretary of State
Marco Rubio
as "counterproductive" to Trump's Gaza peace plan. Trump added that "Israel would lose all of its support from the United States if that happened."
[
451
]
Qatar
In September 2025, following an Israeli strike against suspected Hamas terrorists in Qatar's capital city of Doha, President Trump signed an executive order which stated, "The United States shall regard any armed attack on the territory, sovereignty, or critical infrastructure of the State of Qatar as a threat to the peace and security of the United States."
[
452
]
President Biden had begun a closer relationship with Qatar following their help with the 2001 American withdrawal from Afghanistan. In January 2022, Biden named Qatar a "major non-NATO ally," although this was largely a symbolic honor.
[
453
]
The editorial board of
The Wall Street Journal
wrote, "This is a decision that can be and should have been debated. Instead it comes out of the blue â an executive order following no public debate."
[
453
]
In October, Defense Secretary Hegseth announced a training agreement that the Qatar Air Force will build a facility at the Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho. The United States has a similar arrangement with Singapore, at the same base. Hegseth emphasized that the U.S. will remain in charge of the facility "like we do with all partners."
[
452
]
Syria
Trump with Syrian president
Ahmed al-Sharaa
and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Mohammed bin Salman
in
Riyadh
, Saudi Arabia, May 14, 2025
During the
2024 Syrian opposition offensives
that
toppled the Assad regime
in Syria, Trump said that the U.S. should stay out of the conflict.
[
454
]
In March 2025, Rubio condemned the
massacres of Syrian Alawites
.
[
455
]
Trump agreed to lift sanctions on Syria after discussing the situation with
Mohammed bin Salman
and
ErdoÄan
.
[
456
]
[
457
]
Indian subcontinent
Trump with Indian prime minister
Narendra Modi
, February 2025
India
rejected Trump's offer to mediate
IndiaâChina tensions
.
[
458
]
On February 13, 2025, Indian prime minister
Narendra Modi
became the fourth world leader to visit Donald Trump at the White House.
[
459
]
In early 2025, deportations to Bhutan of Nepali-speaking
Bhutanese refugees
who had been settled in the US for nearly two decades resulted in statelessness of the deportees following their interrogation and expulsion from Bhutan upon arrival. Some of the
refouled refugees
, who had encountered largely minor legal issues in the US, were then arrested for illegal entry to Nepal upon seeking to re-enter the refugee camps they had previously inhabited before US resettlement.
[
460
]
[
461
]
Trump with Pakistani prime minister
Shehbaz Sharif
(left) and Pakistani chief of Army staff
Asim Munir
(right)
In response to the
2025 IndiaâPakistan conflict
, Vice President Vance said that, a potential war between India and Pakistan is "none of our business."
[
462
]
Trump claimed to have negotiated a ceasefire, a claim that Pakistan corroborated and India denied.
[
463
]
[
464
]
[
465
]
In July 2025, Trump criticized India over its continued oil trade with Russia, despite ongoing Western sanctions.
[
466
]
On July 30, 2025, Trump announced that Indian products would be subject to 25% reciprocal
tariffs
upon arrival in the United States starting August 1, and that a "penalty" would be added for the purchase of Russian oil.
[
467
]
On August 6, 2025, Trump raised the tariff to 50%, a 25% increase, over India's purchase of Russian oil.
[
468
]
In July 2025, Trump's administration reached a
trade agreement
with Pakistan, in which Trump announced that the United States would help Pakistan develop its large and untapped
oil reserves
.
[
469
]
The agreement also reduced American reciprocal tariffs on Pakistan to 19%, the lowest of any country in
South Asia
.
[
469
]
Caucasus
Azerbaijani president
Ilham Aliyev
, President Trump and Armenian prime minister
Nikol Pashinyan
signing a trilateral joint declaration in Washington, D.C., on August 8, 2025
On August 8, 2025, Armenian prime minister
Nikol Pashinyan
and Azerbaijani president
Ilham Aliyev
signed a
peace agreement
in a ceremony hosted by President Donald Trump in the White House,
[
470
]
aiming to end the more than
35-year conflict
between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
[
471
]
Southeast Asia
In 2025, Trump attempted to negotiate a ceasefire in the
border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand
.
[
472
]
[
473
]
China
Trump meets with
Chinese leader
Xi Jinping
at the
APEC summit
in
Busan
on October 30, 2025
In February 2025, Trump signed an executive order that directed the
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
(CFIUS) to restrict Chinese investment in strategic economic areas.
[
474
]
Trump blamed China for the
opioid crisis in the United States
.
[
475
]
He said the tariffs are intended to pressure China to do more to stop the flow of
fentanyl
into the US.
[
476
]
Opioids
, predominantly fentanyl, have killed over 500,000 Americans since 2012.
[
477
]
In September 2025, Trump asked the EU to impose 100% tariffs on China to punish it for
buying Russian oil
and de facto financing Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
[
478
]
[
479
]
Oceania
Australia
On October 21, 2025, partly as a consequence of the
ChinaâU.S. trade war
that included China imposing restrictions on its sale of processed
rare-earth elements
, Trump signed a deal with
Anthony Albanese
, Prime Minister of Australia,
[
480
]
over rare-earths and other
critical minerals
[
c
]
that are needed for commercial
clean energy
production and technologically advanced
military hardware
. They each committed to provide at least US$1bn (A$1.54bn) towards a number of projects worth $US8.5bn (A$13bn) in both countries over six months.
[
482
]
[
483
]
The deal has been well received by the
Australian rare-earths industry
[
484
]
[
485
]
and the markets,
[
486
]
and is important to the U.S. because rare earths are used in many technologies, including components of the Defense Force such as
F-35
fighter jets and
Tomahawk missiles
.
[
487
]
The deal is also seen as a major shift in economic alliances.
[
486
]
Foreign aid
Freezing most programs for 90 days
DOGE dismantled most of
USAID
,
[
488
]
which had been a 10,000-person agency originally tasked to carry-out humanitarian projects.
[
489
]
USAID's critics maintained that many of the projects were in fact not all that humanitarian and/or much of the money was not well spent.
[
490
]
In January 2025, the administration issued a 90-day stop-work order worldwide,
[
491
]
[
492
]
Stop work interrupted about 30
clinical trials
,
[
493
]
and interrupted projects such as emergency medical care for displaced Palestinians and Yemenis, aid for war refugees on the Sudan-Chad border, and electricity for Ukrainian refugees.
[
492
]
The HIV Modeling Consortium estimated the death toll from HIV in sub-Saharan Africa at approximately 15,000 adults and 1,600 children in the one month after Trump's January 2025 funding freeze.
[
494
]
[
495
]
A key controversy is whether or not waivers are being made and money actually starting to flow again for the most essential programs.
[
492
]
For example, the
Associated Press
reported on February 19, that waivers for
PEPFAR
, the program that has saved 26Â million lives from
AIDS
, were not in force, despite a federal judge having lifted the funding freeze.
[
496
]
U.S. Army and Air Force service members assist USAID with the transportation of nearly 12,000 pounds of medical kits from the Netherlands, through Germany and on to Lebanon in August 2020.
In early February 2025, it was reported that the
USAID
director of security and a deputy were put on administrative leave after they "blocked efforts by DOGE members to physically access restricted areas" in order to obtain sensitive information. The DOGE members eventually gained access to the information, which reportedly included email as well as classified information for which they did not have security clearance. And they obtained the ability to lock USAID staff out. Musk had earlier tweeted "USAID is a criminal organization" and that it is "Time for it to die."
[
497
]
Estimates do vary.
Oxfam
criticized Musk's policies and actions as the world's richest individual deciding "to shutter the world's largest provider of lifesaving humanitarian aid."
[
498
]
USAID staff were instructed to keep away from USAID headquarters while hundreds of USAID staff lost access to USAID computer systems.
[
488
]
There have been reports that China has offered to take over development projects if the United States permanently leaves.
[
499
]
[
500
]
[
501
]
During a February 6 press conference,
Secretary of State Marco Rubio
stated, "If it's providing food or medicine or anything that is saving lives and is immediate and urgent, you're not included in the freeze."
[
502
]
However, a February 8 CNN article reported that many waivers were not being acted upon because of staff placed on leave, plus payment systems had been taken over.
[
502
]
In an interview before the
February 9 Super Bowl
, Trump said, "Let him take care of the few good ones", referring to Rubio.
[
503
]
[
504
]
On February 13, federal judge
Amir Ali
ordered the Trump administration to continue contracts and grants which were in effect January 19.
[
505
]
Chief Justice John Roberts, overseeing cases for the District of Columbia, paused this order.
[
506
]
[
507
]
On March 5, the Supreme Court ruled 5â4 that the Trump administration must comply with Judge Ali's order.
[
508
]
[
509
]
However, the Supreme Court stated that Judge Ali must clarify the payment obligations with "due regard for the feasibility of any compliance timelines".
[
508
]
On March 10, Judge Ali ruled that the Trump administration must pay for completed projects at the rate of 300 back payments a day, meaning four days for all 1,200 back payments, and this being for projects completed by February 13.
[
510
]
[
511
]
A March 11
ABC News
article reported that, until recently, no payments were being made because DOGE had disabled the payment system.
[
511
]
Keeping 17% of programs
On March 10, Secretary of State
Marco Rubio
announced that he was cancelling 83% of USAID programs, or approximately 5,200 out of 6,200 programs. The remaining 1,000 programs (approximately) would be moved to the Department of State.
[
512
]
[
513
]
As of late March, DOGE no longer lists the details of canceled USAID contracts on its "Wall of Receipts".
[
514
]
DOGE lists approximately $12 billion saved, although a former USAID analyst estimates the actual amount is closer to $6 or $7 billion.
[
514
]
In early April, USAID announced it was adding back 14 nations to grants under the UN's
World Food Programme
. These nations include Lebanon, Syria, Somalia, Jordan, Iraq and Ecuador, plus the
International Organization for Migration
in the Pacific region.
[
515
]
However, food aid was not restored to either Yemen or Afghanistan, with a State Department spokesperson saying this was "based on concern that the funding was benefiting terrorist groups, including the Houthis and the Taliban".
[
516
]
July 2025 rescissions ("claw backs"), but not for PEPFAR
In June 2025, the White House requested that Congress pass a package of
rescissions
, or "claw backs", of approximately $8 billion in foreign aid and $1 billion for the
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
including
NPR
and
PBS
.
[
517
]
The House of Representatives passed the cuts as requested. The Senate excluded the
PEPFAR
cuts, which is the program started in 2003 during the
presidency of George W Bush
to help provide HIV medicines to lower-income countries. The Senate passed two preliminary votes in close 51-50 fashion with
Vice President JD Vance
casting the tie-breaking votes. A rescission is one of the exceptions to the Senate's 60-vote
filibuster
rule.
[
517
]
President Trump focused on the public broadcasting aspect, criticizing CNN and also "MSDNC" which is a mix of
MSNBC
and
DNC
(Democratic National Committee). In a
Truth Social
post, he wrote, "It is very important that all Republicans adhere to my Recissions Bill and, in particular, DEFUND THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING (PBS and NPR), which is worse than CNN & MSDNC put together."
[
518
]
In a late night session at 2:00 AM on July 17, the Senate voted 51â48 in favor of the cuts. Later that same day, the House of Representatives voted 216 - 213 for the Senate version, meaning PEPFAR was protected in the amount of $400 million.
[
518
]
Regarding the cuts to public broadcasting, service to rural areas became one of the political issues.
[
519
]
Disaster response
Myanmar earthquake, March 2025
President Trump stated the United States would help in response to the
March 28 earthquake in Myanmar
, although the question was asked by a former USAID executive of whether or not the United States will beat other countries in getting there with a relief team(s).
[
520
]
Hurricane Melissa, October 2025
Hurricane Melissa
was a
Category 5
hurricane
which first made landfall at
Jamaica
on October 28, 2025, and then hit other
Caribbean islands
.
Secretary of State Rubio
activated a disaster assistance response team. By October 31, three U.S.
CH-47 Chinook helicopters
were deployed to Jamaica to help with relief efforts, with five more on the way.
[
521
]
In early November, the State Department promised $12 million in aid to Jamaica, $8 to
Haiti
, $3 million to
Cuba
, and 1/2 million to
The Bahamas
.
[
522
]
Refugees
On January 20, 2025, Trump signed the executive order named "Securing Our Borders". Due to this order,
the Uniting for Ukraine parole program
is suspended and no new applications from
Ukrainian refugees
with relatives in the United States are being accepted.
[
523
]
[
524
]
On May 12, 59
white South African refugees arrived
from South Africa. The Trump administration has been criticized for fast-tracking their applications while pausing other refugee programs.
[
525
]
The Trump administration slowed the entry of
Afghan refugees
into the U.S., including persons who had fought on the U.S. side against the Taliban. A leader of an American veterans group said, "these pilots risked everything for America. Their lives are now on the line because of our failure to follow through on our promises."
[
526
]
On May 12,
Department of Homeland Security
Secretary Noem
announced that
TPS
, or
temporary protected status
, for Afghan refugees would be ended in 60 days, which is the shortest time period permitted by United States law. This decision cited improved conditions in Afghanistan.
[
527
]
The Hill
reports that the
UN high commissioner for refugees
has stated that the situation in Afghanistan has not improved, with a report stating "The large-scale returns are putting even greater pressure on already stretched humanitarian resources." On the other hand, Secretary Noem has pointed to an increase in tourists from China and a drop in the number of Afghans needing assistance from 29 million to 24 million.
[
527
]
Fox News
reported that the leader of "Afghans for Trump", which formed in the aftermath of President Biden's chaotic 2021 withdrawal from Afghanistan, claimed that conditions have not significantly improved and urged President Trump to reconsider.
[
528
]
Expansionism and revanchism
Trump with NATO general secretary
Mark Rutte
at the
2025 The Hague NATO summit
In the lead-up to his second inauguration, Trump proposed plans and ideas that would expand the United States' political influence and territory.
[
529
]
It has been characterized as a revival of the
Monroe Doctrine
.
[
530
]
The
last territory acquired by the United States was in 1947
when the
Mariana
,
Caroline
, and
Marshall Islands
were acquired.
Canada
Trump with Canadian prime minister
Mark Carney
, June 2025
The Trump administration has imposed 25% tariffs on Canadian goods imports that do not fall under
CanadaâUnited StatesâMexico Agreement
, with exceptions for steel, aluminum, and Canadian-made passenger vehicle content.
[
531
]
Canadian officials responded with retaliatory 25% tariffs,
[
532
]
[
533
]
and have even proposed cutting off the supply of Canadian energy into the
Northern United States
.
[
534
]
Manitoba
has diverted energy to Canada that it previously supplied to the USA.
[
535
]
Peter Navarro
, a trade envoy and high-ranking Trump official, has suggested expelling Canada from the
Five Eyes
intelligence alliance to increase pressure in the trade war.
[
536
]
Trump has repeatedly stated his desire for the United States to annex Canada and calling for it to become the 51st state,
[
537
]
calling former Canadian prime minister
Justin Trudeau
"Governor of the Great State of Canada".
[
538
]
Trudeau stated to business leaders in Canada that he believes the annexation threats are a "real thing".
[
539
]
The strained relations have led to a "Buy Canadian" movement to boycott American goods and services,
[
540
]
and booing the American national anthem during international hockey games.
[
541
]
When tariffs were implemented on March 4, Trudeau stated that Trump's goal in the trade war was to weaken Canada in order to annex it.
[
542
]
On February 8, 2026, Trump threatened to block the opening of the
Gordie Howe International Bridge
, citing Canada's recent trade developments with China and the alleged one-sided nature of the contract (wherein Canada gains all revenue from bridge tolls to pay back construction costs). Trump said the bridge's opening will be delayed until multiple trade and bridge related grievances were resolved. Trump's announcement was criticised by politicians, business leaders and industry groups.
[
543
]
[
544
]
[
545
]
On February 12, 2026, the United States House of Representatives voted to repeal the tariffs that had been imposed on Canadian goods during Donald Trump's administration. The resolution passed by a 219â211 vote, with a small number of Republican lawmakers joining nearly all Democrats in support. The tariffs had originally been enacted under a national emergency declaration in February 2025, and their repeal represented a rare bipartisan rebuke of Trump's trade policy. Following the vote, President Trump reportedly threatened political consequences for Republicans who voted against the measure. While passage in the House reflects congressional concern over the tariffs, actual repeal would still require Senate approval and presidential assent, and was expected to face a potential veto.
[
546
]
[
547
]
[
548
]
Greenland
Greenlandic leader
Jens Frederik-Nielsen
announcing "We choose Denmark" at a January 2026 press conference with
Mette Frederiksen
in response to
Trump's threats to invade or annex
the country
[
549
]
[
550
]
In December 2024, Trump stated a further
proposal for the United States to purchase Greenland from Denmark
, describing "ownership" and control of the island as "an absolute necessity" for national security purposes. This builds upon a prior offer from Trump to buy Greenland during his first term, which the
Danish Realm
refused, causing him to cancel his August 2019 visit to Denmark.
[
551
]
[
better source needed
]
On January 7, 2025, Trump's son
Donald Trump Jr.
visited Greenland's capital city
Nuuk
alongside
Charlie Kirk
to hand out
MAGA hats
.
[
552
]
At a press conference the following day, Trump refused to rule out military or economic force to take over Greenland or the Panama Canal.
[
553
]
However, he did rule out military force in taking over Canada.
[
553
]
On January 14, the Trump-affiliated
Nelk Boys
also visited Nuuk, handing out
dollar bills
to locals.
[
554
]
On January 16, the CEOs of major Danish companies Novo Nordisk,
Vestas
and
Carlsberg
among others were assembled for a crisis meeting in the
Ministry of State
to discuss the situation.
[
555
]
[
556
]
On the subsequent day, former chief executive
Friis Arne Petersen
in the Danish
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
described the situation as "historically unheard of", while
Noa Redington
, special adviser to former prime minister
Helle Thorning-Schmidt
, compared the international pressure on Denmark that during the 2005
Jyllands-Posten
Muhammad cartoons controversy
.
[
557
]
On February 12, 2025, a bill was introduced in Congress to advance efforts to acquire Greenland and rename it Red, White, and Blueland.
[
558
]
Trump's actions against Greenland have been described as
hybrid warfare
by academics and analysts.
[
559
]
Prime Minister
Mette Frederiksen
said that "the Kingdom of Denmarkâand thus Greenlandâis a member of NATO and is therefore covered by the Alliance's
collective security guarantee
... I ... strongly urge the United States to cease its threats against a historically close ally."
[
560
]
The official Danish threat assessment published by the
Danish Defence Intelligence Service
in 2025 for the first time mentioned the
United States
as a threat to
national security
, alongside
Russia
and
China
.
[
561
]
[
562
]
[
563
]
In 2026 Greenland and Denmark saw massive
anti-Trump protests
, the
Hands off Greenland
protests, where protesters chanted "Greenland is not for sale".
[
564
]
[
565
]
[
566
]
Panama Canal
In 2024, Trump demanded that
Panama
return control of the
Panama Canal
to the United States due to 'excessive rates' being charged for American passage.
[
567
]
The United States previously was in control of the
Panama Canal Zone
from
1903
until
1999
, and has
invaded Panama before in 1989
.
[
568
]
[
569
]
Trump told Congress in March 2025 that his administration "will be reclaiming the Panama Canal".
[
570
]
Also that month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth instructed the Trump administration to "immediately" present "credible military options to ensure fair and unfettered US military and commercial access to the Panama Canal".
[
571
]
United Nations
On July 22, 2025, the United States informed of its decision to withdraw from
UNESCO
, effective December 31, 2026.
[
572
]
[
573
]
[
574
]
In a presidential memorandum issued on January 7, 2026, Donald Trump directed to start the process of withdrawal of the US from the 66 organizations, agencies and commissions of the
United Nations
, including
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), calling them "contrary to the interests of the United States".
[
575
]
[
576
]
World Health Organization
On January 22, 2026, President Donald Trump completed the withdrawal of the United States from the
World Health Organization
(WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, a year after he signed
Executive OrderâŻ14155
on January 20, 2025. As announced by the
Department of Health and Human Services
, the United States officially exited the organization, ending its 78-year membership and halting all U.S. funding and participation in the WHO's governance and activities.
[
577
]
Although the organization hoped for a reconsideration the day after Trump's executive order,
[
578
]
the administration continued with the decision.
The administration justified the withdrawal by citing concerns about the WHO's handling of global health emergencies, including the
COVID-19 pandemic
, its resistance to reforms, and its failure to operate independently from inappropriate political influence of other WHO member states.
[
577
]
In a joint statement by
Secretary of State
Marco Rubio
and
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
, they said that the WHO "tarnished and trashed everything that America has done for it" and it "abandoned its core mission and acted repeatedly against the interests of the United States," including the failure to "hand over the American flag that hung in front of it."
[
579
]
The United States still owes outstanding dues to the WHO from 2024 to 2025, raising questions about the legality and financial implications of the exit.
[
580
]
Being one of the biggest donors to the WHO, the country's unpaid fees of estimated $260 million has already caused massive job losses at the organization. However, as a response, Washington said they saw no reason to comply.
[
581
]
Ronald G. Nahass, president of the
Infectious Diseases Society of America
(IDSA), criticized the withdrawal, calling it "a shortsighted and misguided abandonment of our global health commitments" and "scientifically reckless." He emphasized that "It fails to acknowledge the fundamental natural history of infectious diseases" and that "Global cooperation and communication are critical to keep our own citizens protected because germs do not respect borders," adding that global cooperation is "not a luxury" but a "biological necessity."
[
582
]
Ethics
Trump's second presidency was described by political commentators as having fewer prohibitions on business activity and guardrails against potential conflicts of interest than his first, and for having more opportunities to directly influence Trump.
[
583
]
[
584
]
Trump repealed and rolled back anti-corruption measures and ethical standards for himself and his allies, dropped corruption charges against political figures with ties to him, and fired inspectors generals investigating fraud and abuse.
The New York Times
described Trump as making up statistics "out of thin air", and for accusing government agencies and "anyone he disfavors of corruption and even criminality without proof".
[
585
]
His second presidency was described as breaking with decades of ethical norms,
[
586
]
and raising substantial
corruption
concerns.
[
587
]
[
588
]
Congressional Republicans largely downplayed or ignored the concerns.
[
589
]
[
586
]
Federal judges found many of the administration's actions to be illegal and unconstitutional,
[
11
]
[
12
]
[
13
]
and by mid-July, a
Washington Post
analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.
[
14
]
His defiance of court orders and a claimed right to disobey the courts raised fears among legal experts of a
constitutional crisis
.
[
590
]
By August 2025, several grant terminations and spending freezes were found by judges and the
Government Accountability Office
as being illegal and unconstitutional.
[
591
]
[
592
]
Pardons and commutations
As of November 2025
Trump has issued nearly two thousand pardons and commutations
[
593
]
including for some prosecuted during his first presidency.
[
594
]
Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists.
[
595
]
[
596
]
Lobbyists have told the Wall Street Journal and other news outlets that fees of $1M are standard. Some would-be pardon recipients have offered success fees of $6M for a successful application.
[
597
]
[
598
]
[
599
]
Trump frequently bypassed the
Office of the Pardon Attorney
, and on March 7, 2025, fired its leader, Department of Justice career attorney Liz Oyer, and installed political loyalist
Ed Martin
in the role.
[
600
]
[
601
]
Ed Martin described the rationale for granting pardons as "No MAGA left behind".
[
602
]
In April 2025, Oyer testified to the Senate and accused the Justice Department of "ongoing corruption" and that "the leadership of the Department of Justice appears to value political loyalty above the fair and responsible administration of justice".
[
603
]
In 2025, Trump pardoned 42 people charged with white-collar crimes. As of late January 2026, he had pardoned an additional 10 white collar criminals.
[
604
]
"Pay-for-access" and MAGA Inc.
Trump maintained what
The New York Times
described as a "pay-for-access" operation, with millions being raised for his pro-Trump PAC,
Make America Great Again Inc.
, which had collected $177
Â
million in the first half of 2025, twice as much than was raised by the
Republican National Committee
and unusually large for term-limited presidents. Millions were raised from individuals, lobbyists, corporations, and donors to it and other Trump-friendly outlets. Those that gave were granted access to the president and shortly afterward several received presidential pardons, favorable regulatory and policy actions, or appointments for government positions.
[
605
]
Examples of criticism included but were not limited to the Trump administration lifting a ban on
Central Romana Corporation
shipping sugar to the United States following allegations of forced labor at the company. According to
OpenSecrets
,
Fanjul Corp
, which owns Central Romana, had given $1
Â
million to MAGA Inc.
[
606
]
[
607
]
Another action criticized was the
pardon of Paul Walczak
following his mother's attendance at a $1
Â
million per person fund raising "candlelight dinner" sponsored by MAGA
Â
Inc. Walczak was alleged by prosecutors to have withheld over $10
Â
million from paychecks of staff at a nursing home for
trust fund taxes
instead using the money to buy a $2
Â
million yacht among other expenses. Walczak was supposed to pay $4.3
Â
million in
restitution
prior to his pardon.
[
608
]
[
609
]
The Trump administration was also criticized for delaying a rule change which would restrict coverage of skin substitutes under Medicare after Extremity Care "a leading seller of skin substitutes" gave $5
Â
million to MAGA Inc.
[
610
]
[
611
]
Conflicts of interest
Trump with Elon Musk and Saudi crown prince
Mohammed bin Salman
during Trump's
visit to the Middle East
in May 2025
Trump's second presidency included multiple potential conflicts of interest that did not exist during his first term in office, including a publicly traded company in
Truth Social
,
a cryptocurrency venture
, new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.
[
583
]
His
2024 campaign
was noted for an "unprecedented" mixing of personal business and political fundraising.
[
614
]
Trump promoted $59.99
bibles
, $399
sneakers
, $99 "Victory47" cologne, and $99 Trump-branded
NFT
digital trading cards for his personal, non-campaign accounts.
[
615
]
[
616
]
Trump's campaign was noted for spending large sums of campaign money at Trump-owned businesses, in particular his
Mar-a-Lago
resort and the
Trump National Doral Miami
.
[
617
]
After winning the election, Trump mirrored his first term's ethics commitments and did not divest from his interests in branding and real estate. He also did not place his assets in a trust managed by an independent trustee.
[
618
]
Trump did not adopt his own formal ethics guidelines.
[
619
]
Trump transferred his shares of Truth Social into a trust in which he is the sole beneficiary, of which his oldest son is the trustee. Ethics experts described it as falling "well short of the blind trusts and divestitures from private business interests that other presidents have used to avoid ethical conflicts with their job". Trump's son,
Eric Trump
, said the
Trump Organization
would continue to pursue business deals overseas, dropping a self-imposed prohibition during Trump's first presidency.
[
584
]
Trump profited from holding events at his hotels and golf courses.
[
618
]
[
620
]
Trump's conflicts of interest were described as having national-security risks, with particular emphasis placed on relationships with the Saudi and Emirati governments through the Trump Organization and his son-in-law
Jared Kushner
's investment fund backed by the Saudis.
[
621
]
Trump noted that conflict of interest laws did not apply to him and that he was protected by broad immunity for his official actions as president.
[
622
]
On March 11, 2025, Trump and Elon Musk promoted Tesla vehicles on the White House south lawn.
[
623
]
As part of the
Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions
, Trump repealed
Ethic Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel
which prohibited executive branch employees accepting major gifts from lobbyists and two year bans on lobbyists seeking executive jobs and vice versa. Critics described the repeal as the opposite of his pledge to "
drain the swamp
".
[
624
]
Trump also signed
Executive Order 14209
to stop the Justice Department prosecuting Americans accused of bribing foreign government officials under the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
.
[
625
]
Trump's wife, Melania, entered into a deal with
Amazon
to create
Melania (film)
a documentary about herself, which raised ethics concerns as it was made while she was still in office.
[
618
]
In March 2025, Trump praised
Tesla's
cars on the White House lawn with notes about the cars' features alongside
Elon Musk
in "something of a sales pitch" which was described in
The Nation
as "brazenly corrupt".
[
623
]
[
626
]
Countries facing tariffs were pushed by the State Department to approve Musk's
Starlink
satellite service.
[
627
]
Apple Inc. CEO
Tim Cook
and Donald Trump in the oval office with a gold gift to the president in the foreground at the announcement of a $100 billion "investment" in the US
On April 9, 2025, Trump's encouragement of investors to buy stocks hours before
pausing tariffs
that sent markets soaring was scrutinized by Democrats and government ethics experts as possible market manipulation.
[
628
]
Representative
Adam Schiff
called on Congress to investigate whether in pausing tariffs, Trump had engaged in insider trading or market manipulation.
[
629
]
His use of tariff exemptions also raised concerns of corruption, with claims of insider trading and special exemptions being given to friends and to punish rivals.
[
630
]
Trump has suggested those who "invest" within the United States would be able to reduce their tariffs.
[
631
]
[
632
]
[
633
]
Trump participates in the grand opening ceremony of Trump International Golf Links Aberdeen in July 2025
In May 2025, Trump's intention to accept
a $400 million luxury jet
from Qatar to serve first as
Air Force One
and later be transferred to
his presidential library
elicited rare, bipartisan criticism, with his supporters deriding it as a "bribe", "grift" and "corruption".
[
634
]
The Guardian
criticized it as an example of a
quid pro quo
.
[
635
]
The Boston Globe
described the deal as an example of an increasingly transactional presidency, describing it as more direct than during his first term and showing that he was "willing to bend for anyone who gives him what he craves: praise, prestige, and a cut of the profits".
[
636
]
By August 12, the
United States Office of Government Ethics
reported that Trump had made 690 stock transactions since taking office, including purchasing at least $100 million in bonds from local authorities, gas districts, and major American corporations. CNBC reported that federal law exempted the president and vice president from some conflict of interest regulations.
[
637
]
An August 2025 New Yorker Piece entitled "The Number" by
David D. Kirkpatrick
estimated that Trump had gained over $3Â billion from the presidency. The number was calculated from increased business at Mar-a-Lago, legal fees, TrumpStore.com ("the official retail website of The Trump Organization"
[
638
]
), deals with the
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
,
N7478D
,
Trump International, Vietnam
,
Trump's conflict with the media
, the Trump Media & Technology Group,
1789 Capital
and Trumps activities involving Cryptocurrency.
[
639
]
Trump's cabinet were noted to have a large number of potential conflicts of interest, with the
Campaign Legal Center
finding over 467 that would require recusal, with the most, 106, belonging to
Howard Lutnick
.
[
619
]
Trump Media gifted 25,946 shares of stock of DJT to each of his picks for FBI director,
Kash Patel
, and education secretary nominee,
Linda McMahon
, totaling $779,400 each as of January 31, 2025. Both members served as directors for his company, and they later said they would not accept the award. He also gifted thousands of shares to his son.
[
640
]
At the
2025 Gaza peace summit
, a live microphone recorded Indonesian president
Prabowo Subianto
asking Trump if he could meet his son, Eric Trump. Trump replied he would have Eric call him. Speculation arose over the involvement of Trump organization. At the time, Eric Trump served as an executive vice president of
The Trump Organization
, which had business interests in Indonesia, including an operating golf club near Jakarta and a planned resort in Bali. The media described it as a 'hot mic moment'.
[
641
]
[
642
]
[
643
]
Prabowo had told Trump that he had also informed Hary, reportedly referring to
Hary Tanoesoedibjo
, an Indonesian developer with ties to the Trump Organization. The incident prompted criticism. Tony Carrk, executive director of the watchdog group Accountable.US, stated that the exchange showed "there is no line between Trump presidential and personal business."
[
644
]
In October 2025, Trump demanded the Justice Department pay him $230 million to compensate him for his former federal investigations. The move was described as unparalleled in American history and the starkest example of a conflict of interest due to the president installing his personal lawyers as leaders of the department.
[
645
]
You've been so generous in your contributions, very substantial money, fully financed. It's fully taken care of now. And in fact, we'll have money left over and we'll use that for something.
â Trump at an October 2025 dinner for ballroom donors,
[
646
]
[
647
]
Trump's
White House State Ballroom
will reportedly be heavily funded by private donors.
[
648
]
Trump hosted an October 2025 dinner for donors to the ballroom.
[
649
]
In October 2025, Trump said that an anonymous private donor has given $130Â million to the U.S. government to help pay troops during the government shutdown.
[
650
]
[
651
]
While Trump refused to identify the donor, the donor was reported to be
Timothy Mellon
.
[
652
]
The Justice Department reportedly shut down an investigation into
Tom Homan
accepting $50,000.
[
653
]
[
654
]
[
655
]
Of a $200Â million ad campaign, the majority ($143Â million
[
656
]
) reportedly was awarded to Safe America Media LLC with the
national emergency
designation used to bypass "the normal competitive bidding"
[
657
]
procurement
process.
[
658
]
The LLC was incorporated eight days before the contract award with its address being the home of a Republican consultant.
[
659
]
[
658
]
While, "subcontractors hired to do work on the DHS ads are not disclosed in federal contracting databases", a production as part of the contract was run by the Strategy Group. The group's CEO is Ben Yoho
[
660
]
[
661
]
who is married to
Tricia McLaughlin
the
assistant secretary
for Public Affairs at
DHS
.
[
662
]
[
658
]
USAspending.gov
lists the Office of Public Affairs at DHS as the "Funding Office" of the award.
[
656
]
Noem had previously required "that she personally approve any payment over $100,000".
[
658
]
[
663
]
Noem had previously been accused of intervening as South Dakota governor "to ensure the Strategy Group got the deal". The group paid "up to $25,000" to
Madison Sheahan
described as "one of Noem's closest advisers in South Dakota".
[
658
]
Yoho had also "worked under
Lewandowski
on the publicity campaign for
Noem's 2024 memoir
".
[
658
]
Another firm, "People Who Think", owned by Jay Connaughton, has a $77Â million award for advertising from DHS.
[
658
]
[
664
]
In 2023, "Connaughton appeared to have worked" with Lewandowski.
[
665
]
The Trump Library Foundation "expects to raise about $50Â million" in 2025.
[
666
]
MGX Fund Management Limited
chaired by
Sheikh Tahnoon
put $2Â billion into
World Liberty Financial
to invest in
binance
. Two weeks later, Trump announced "over $200Â billion in commercial deals between the United States and the United Arab Emiratesâbringing the total of investment agreements in the Gulf region to over $2Â trillion"
[
667
]
[
668
]
Discussions reportedly involved
David O. Sacks
and
Steve Witkoff
.
[
669
]
Trump pardoned Binance founder
Changpeng Zhao
.
The TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL COMMITTEE, INC. raised over $700Â million.
[
670
]
[
671
]
[
672
]
David O. Sacks
"stands out as a special government employee because of his hundreds of investments in tech companies, which can benefit from policies that he influences".
[
673
]
Trump will host the
2026 G20 summit
at
Trump National Doral Miami
, a resort owned by
The Trump Organization
.
[
674
]
Following the
2026 United States intervention in Venezuela
, Trump posted that Venezuelan oil "money will be controlled by me".
[
675
]
[
676
]
The main bank account for the oil sells was located in Qatar.
[
677
]
[
678
]
[
679
]
Pam Bondi sold between $1 million and $5 million in
Trump Media & Technology Group
on 2 April 2025. The same day Trump announced
Liberation Day tariffs
.
[
680
]
Trump bought at least a million dollars in Netflix and Warner Bros. Discovery bonds. A
proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery
would need the administration's approval.
[
681
]
The Interior Department Associate Deputy Secretary, as of 2026, Karen Budd-Falen's husband Frank Falen entered into a deal with a subsidiary of
Lithium Americas
for $3.5 million. A year after the deal, during the first Trump presidency, Budd-Falen met with the subsidiary while
Thacker Pass lithium mine
was pending federal review.
[
682
]
A 2025 New York Times investigation "traced" over half a billion dollarsâ to 346 donors who each gave at least $250,000. Of the 346 donors, "more than half of them have benefited, or are involved in an industry that has benefited, from the actions or statements" of the administration including "pardons, favorable regulatory moves, the dropping of legal cases, access to the president and more." The investigation looked at "a buffet of options (...) presented to donors" including the inaugural committee, Trust for the National Mall,
White House State Ballroom
,
White House Historical Association
,
America250
,
Securing American Greatness
,
Kennedy Center
,
National Park Foundation
(
Freedom 250
). Unlike
MAGA Inc.
and the
Republican National Committee
, donations to the "buffet" do not require disclosure to the
Federal Election Commission
. At least 32 people in the administration, themselves, their families or their companies, donated at least $250,000 to Trump's "causes after the election". "Since retaking office, the president has lavished his post-election donors with praise and access to himself and his inner circle. (...) The White House has used government platforms to praise major donors to a wider audience."
[
683
]
In January 2026, Trump sued the IRS for $10 billion for a leak of the
tax returns of Donald Trump
.
[
684
]
After the 2024 US presidential election,
Eric Trump
signed a deal for a 49% stake in
World Liberty Financial
(WLF) with Aryam Investment (which is under
Sheikh Tahnoon
) making Aryam the largest shareholder in WLF. The deal was described in The Wall Street Journal as "unprecedented in American politics: a foreign government official taking a major ownership stake in an incoming U.S. presidentâs company." "Disclosures on World Libertyâs website showed the Trump familyâs equity interest fell to 38% from 75% last year, indicating someone had likely purchased a stake, but the company has never disclosed a buyer." "The deal placed two Aryam executives, who also held top positions at Tahnoonâs
G42
, on World Libertyâs five-person board, which at the time included Eric Trump and
Zach Witkoff
". The two executives also "would play key roles in the U.A.E.âs chip lobbying efforts with the Trump administration". The deal did not include "the rights to future WLFI token sales, leaving the Tahnoon-backed entity out of what was then the companyâs only source of revenue". "The deal to purchase the stake was hugely profitable to World Libertyâs founders. (...) Of the first $250 million installment from the Tahnoon-backed company (...) $187 million was directed to Trump family entities DT Marks DEFI LLC and DT Marks SC LLC (...) Trump personally owned 70% of DT Marks DEFI while other family members owned 30% as of the end of 2024". In March 2025, Trump hosted a White House dinner for Tahnoon which included the vice president and multiple members of the cabinet. Former government officials said typically foreign officials meet with their US counterparts rather than the president. The UAE had also pushed for faster review of investments in the US which in May 2025
[
685
]
the US Treasury announced it would launch. In May 2025, at the
royal palace in Abu Dhabi
, Trump told
Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
"Your relationship and mine canât get better, so I canât say itâs going to get better because itâs at the highest level it can be". Tahnoon's
MGX Fund Management Limited
also became a investor in the
TikTok USDS Joint Venture
following
efforts to ban TikTok in the United States
.
[
686
]
"the Trump Organization, said it wouldnât enter into new contracts with foreign governments during his presidency but didnât restrict itself from pursuing new foreign deals with private companiesâa change from the first term."
[
686
]
Following lobbying from the nursing home industry, including "nearly $4.8 million to MAGA Inc.", the administration revoked a policy change to increase staffing in nursing homes.
[
687
]
Reuters reported that the "Office of Management and Budget, which Vought leads, is allocating $15 million of what remains of USAID operating expenses" for
Russell Vought
.
[
688
]
Cryptocurrency ventures
Trump and his family involvement in the cryptocurrency industry have given rise to ethical and legal concerns.
[
689
]
On January 17, 2025, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited
[
624
]
from a cryptocurrency
memecoin
,
$Trump
, that soared to a market valuation of over $5Â billion within a few hoursâa total $27Â billion diluted valueâthrough a Trump-owned company called CIC Digital LLC, which owned 80 percent of the coin's supply.
[
690
]
Within two days, the $Trump coin became the 19th most valuable form of cryptocurrency in the world, with a total trading value of nearly $13Â billion, and a total of $29Â billion worth of trades based on a $64 value of each of the 200Â million tokens issued by the afternoon of January 19.
The New York Times
reported that Trump affiliates controlled an additional 800Â million tokens that, hypothetically, could be worth over $51Â billion, potentially making Trump one of the richest people in the world. Trump also launched a new meme coin named after his wife$, Melania, and promoted it on Truth Social shortly before attending an inauguration rally. The crypto venture was criticized by ethics experts and government watchdogs.
[
691
]
The venture and the possibility of foreign governments buying the coin was highlighted as possibly violating the Constitution's
Foreign Emoluments Clause
.
[
692
]
He promoted exclusive access to him for the largest holders of $Trump, including
hosting a dinner
, which according to
The New York Times
, certain buyers in interviews and statements said they "bought the coins or entered the dinner contest with the intention of securing an action by Mr. Trump to affect United States policy".
[
693
]
He directly benefited from his cryptocurrency company
World Liberty Financial
which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy. It directly solicited access to Trump with secret payments and currency swaps from foreign investors, companies, and individuals with criminal records and investigations. At least one investigation was dropped after payment worth several million was made to the firm, and Trump granted an official pardon to an investor of a company World Liberty had invested in. Trump's family received a cut of all transactions made through the World Liberty, and the company directly advertised its connections to Trump, who disclosed income of nearly US$60Â million in an ethics filing.
[
694
]
[
695
]
Several actions taken by Trump's administration regarding cryptocurrency were noted to bolster the company's assets and position. A spokeswoman for Trump stated that since his assets were in a trust managed by his children, there were "no conflicts of interest".
[
622
]
On May 12, 2025, another family bitcoin company co-founded by
Eric Trump
in March,
American Bitcoin
, announced plans to go public by merging with an existing Nasdaq company.
[
696
]
In September 2025, Trump announced a widespread crackdown on left-wing groups and donors, saying that "the radicals on the left are the problem" with
political violence
.
[
697
]
[
698
]
Cumulatively over decades, most extremist killings in the US have been caused by right-wing perpetrators.
[
699
]
[
700
]
Government targeting of political opponents and civil society
During
Donald Trump
's second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target his political opponents and
civil society
. His actions were described by news outlets as part of his promised "retribution" and "revenge" campaign, within the context of a strongly personalist and leader-centered conception of politics.
[
701
]
[
702
]
[
703
]
[
704
]
During
his 2024 presidential campaign
, he repeatedly stated that he had "every right" to go after his political opponents.
[
705
]
He undertook a massive expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the
unitary executive theory
,
[
706
]
and several of his actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the
Constitution
, according to American legal scholars.
[
707
]
[
708
]
[
709
]
He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the
Democratic Party
.
[
710
]
He politicized the
civil service
,
[
706
]
undertaking
mass layoffs of government employees
to recruit workers more loyal to himself.
[
711
]
He ended the post-
Watergate
norm of
Justice Department
independence, weaponizing it and ordering it to target his political enemies.
[
712
]
He utilized several government agencies to retaliate against his political enemies and continued filing personal lawsuits against his political opponents, companies, and news organizations that angered him.
[
703
]
[
713
]
By July 2025, Trump had extracted more than $1.2 billion in settlements in a "cultural crackdown" against a variety of institutions that largely chose to settle rather than fight back.
[
714
]
He engaged in an unprecedented
targeting of law firms and lawyers
that previously represented positions adverse to himself.
[
715
]
[
716
]
He
targeted higher education
by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and
targeted activists
, legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.
[
717
]
He
detained and deported United States citizens
.
[
718
]
Trump's actions against
civil society
have been described by legal experts and political scientists as
authoritarian
and contributing to
democratic backsliding
,
[
719
]
[
720
]
[
721
]
and negatively impacting
freedom of the press
,
[
722
]
[
723
]
[
724
]
free speech
, and the
rule of law
.
[
712
]
[
725
]
[
726
]
[
727
]
In February 2026, during his State of the Union address to Congress, Trump was publicly criticized by Representatives
Ilhan Omar
and
Rashida Tlaib
, who challenged his immigration policies and accused his administration of harming U.S. citizens. In response, Trump posted on his social media platform Truth Social, suggesting that the lawmakers "should be sent back from where they came". Omar, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in
Somalia
, and Tlaib, a U.S.-born citizen of Palestinian descent, were both widely reported to have been the focus of these remarks. Media outlets and civil rights organizations described Trump's comments as xenophobic and controversial, drawing bipartisan criticism for targeting members of Congress based on their heritage.
[
728
]
[
729
]
[
730
]
[
731
]
Flood-the-zone strategy
Comparisons between numbers of first-day executive orders.
The beginning of Trump's second presidency is largely recognized as the one theorized by political strategist
Steve Bannon
during Trump's first presidency, here deployed by
Stephen Miller
. The strategy consists of "flood[ing] the zone of shit," with an impressive number of claims and executive orders with the intent to tire journalists, political opponents and judicial institutions. As such the latter can't react rapidly and appropriately enough, and it nips controversies in the bud because of the flood of information. The administration had already prepared diverse executive orders to allow the signing of 55 executive orders in 20 days, a frequency never-before-seen.
[
732
]
[
733
]
[
734
]
[
735
]
[
736
]
[
737
]
Individually,
The Hill
columnist Chris Truax argues that some of Trump's "ridiculous" and "bizarre" claims and policies, joint with his frequent
confabulations
, could be partly explained by an early stage of
dementia
.
[
738
]
[
739
]
Concentration of executive power
A month after the beginning of the presidency, the government had been sued 200 times for "executive overreach", which the administration lost for the most part.
[
740
]
On
Twitter
, Trump justified his policies by quoting
Napoleon
: "He who saves his Country does not violate any Law".
[
741
]
In reaction, the American left accused him of acting as a dictator.
[
742
]
[
743
]
[
744
]
The right-wing and left-wing media both claim that their policies allowed a hitherto concentration of executive power in US history. Experts and newspapers feared a constitutional crisis because of frequent
checks and balances
breaches.
[
741
]
The Trump administration often questioned the legitimacy of judges blocking his executive orders.
[
742
]
[
743
]
[
745
]
According to
The New Yorker
, Trump's new governance based itself on unconditional loyalty towards himself. Trump allegedly implemented a climate where any criticism even among the Republicans is sanctioned. Figures like
Jack Posobiec
and
Laura Loomer
acted as ideological safeguards by listing potential dissidents among the party.
[
746
]
The administrations openly wanted to concentrate political powers within Trump's hands. They justify it with the
unitary executive theory
, alleging that by having been elected and with the approval of the Constitution, Trump is warranted in having unchecked and absolute power on the judicial branch, and on politics in general.
[
740
]
Legal expert Julien Jeanneney argued that the "unconstitutional" policies of Trump are backed by the
Supreme Court
, of which a third of the judges had been appointed by Trump during his first presidency, hence making Republican judges the majority. According to Jeanneney most of the judges "seem clearly on Trump's side concerning most of his policies, even when they violate the Court's long-lived principles."
[
747
]
Numerous experts of fascism and historians (
Jason Stanley
,
Marci Shore
,
Timothy Snyder
,
[
748
]
Johann Chapoutot
,
[
749
]
Paul Lerner, Anne Berg,
[
750
]
Diana Garvin, Tiffany Florvil, Claudia Koonz
[
751
]
,
Asma Mhalla
,
[
752
]
and Ben Worthy
[
753
]
) denounced the authoritarianism of the presidency, which they explicitly
linked to fascism
. However experts
Christopher R. Browning
[
750
]
,
Roger Griffin
,
[
754
]
Janos Bourgeois,
[
755
]
Lloyd Cox and Brendon O'Connor
[
756
]
contested this comparison, although Browning noted "uncanny resemblances" between Trump and Hitler,
[
750
]
and Cox and O'Connor talked about "proto-fascist phenomenon."
[
756
]
Elections during the second Trump presidency
Congressional party leaders
Senate leaders
House leaders
Congress
Year
Majority
Minority
Speaker
Minority
119th
2025âpresent
Thune
Schumer
Johnson
Jeffries
Republican seats in Congress
Congress
Senate
House
119th
[
d
]
53
220
Relations with other branches
Judicial appointments
Internal Republican politics
MAGA fallout over non-release of Jeffrey Epstein files
On July 7, 2025, the FBI issued a two-page statement saying they had concluded that infamous
sex offender
Jeffrey Epstein
did not possess a "
client list
", even though Attorney General
Pam Bondi
had hinted in February that such a document was on her desk. Several right-wing media personalities were highly critical of the decision. And per mainstream sources, FBI Deputy Director
Dan Bongino
is considering resigning and had been feuding with Bondi. One of the reasons given for the non-release is the privacy of the victims. At a White House press conference on the same day, President Trump asked a reporter, "Are you still talking about Jeffrey Epstein?"
[
757
]
In late-July 24, several Senator Republicans spoke in favor of releasing the information.
Lindsey Graham
(
Republican
-
South Carolina
) said, "The idea that Trump did something nefarious and Biden sat on it for four years, It's hard to believe. Just put it out. Let people look at it."
Josh Hawley
(R-
Missouri
) said, "Anybody who ever met him is going to be mentioned, so I don't think that's a big deal ... but nor is it a reason to withhold the documents."
Thom Tillis
(R-
North Carolina
) said, "I'm where I've been every time you always ask me this question. Release the damn files."
[
758
]
On September 3, 2025, at an at large outside press conference on the Capitol steps, legislators were joined by nearly a dozen women who state they had been abused by convicted offender Epstein. Representatives
Ro Khanna
, a California Democrat,
Thomas Massie
, a Kentucky Republican and
Marjorie Taylor Greene
, a Georgia Republican and close ally of Trump, urged the House of Representatives to vote to release the full files. House Republican leaders offered an alternative vote to continue investigation by the House Oversight Committee.
On September 3, President Trump spoke to reporters from the Oval Office, and said that the call for release of files is a "Democrat hoax that never ends."
[
759
]
[
760
]
Similarly,
CNN
states that Democrats have "sought to weaponize the Epstein issue against Trump and the GOP in recent weeks, trying to force votes that would put vulnerable Republicans in difficult positions. But the tone of Wednesday's press conference was far less partisan."
[
760
]
On October 7, Attorney General Bondi testified before the
Senate Judiciary Committee
and BBC drew five "takeaways" including "3. Bondi keen to focus on crime" and "4. But Democrats focus on Epstein." However,
Senator John Kennedy
(
Republican
-
Louisiana
) repeated comments from
Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick
that Epstein was "the greatest blackmailer ever."
[
761
]
On November 12, 2025, the petition to force a House vote for the release of the Epstein files by the Department of Justice secured the final required signature from Democratic Rep.
Adelita Grijalva
, the latter being sworn in for her position after the end of the October 2025 government shutdown.
[
762
]
On the same day, House Democrats released a series of private emails between Epstein, Gishaline Maxwell, and journalist
Michael Wolff
. Among them was an email in which Epstein stated that "Trump knew about the girls," though without it being clear that this refers to Epstein's crimes.
[
763
]
On November 18, the
Epstein Files Transparency Act
cleared the House and Senate with overwhelming majorities, requiring the release of all materials relating to the Epstein investigation within 30 days.
[
764
]
This would exclude victims' names, as well as material which depicts sexual abuse. The Justice Department may also withhold any materials whose release would "jeapordise an active federal investigation or ongoing prosecution, provided that such withholding is narrowly tailored and temporary." This fact has drawn concern from certain lawmakers, who argue that recently started, ongoing investigations into Bill Clinton and
Larry Summers
may delay the release of some materials.
[
764
]
The Act also requires the executive branch to provide an unredacted "list of all government officials and politically exposed persons" who are included in the material.
CNN
has expressed scepticism about this aspect of the Act, arguing in an analysis article that "the administration might play games with whatever discretion it has â say, by releasing information that's politically advantageous but withholding other information using the available justifications."
[
765
]
Trump has reversed course and now states he favors the release of the material.
[
766
]
He signed the Epstein Files Transparency Act on November 19, and made a lengthy post on Truth Social which included the claim, "Do not forget â The Biden Administration did not turn over a SINGLE file or page related to Democrat Epstein, nor did they ever even speak about him.
[
767
]
[
768
]
Historical evaluations and public opinion
Evaluations
Though touting "landslide" victories, Trump won the 2024 election with 58% of the electoral collegeâplacing the win in approximately the 28th percentile of all presidential elections.
[
769
]
Though Trump repeatedly promoted his 2024 victory as a
mandate
âto inflate the actual degree of voter supportâhe failed to receive 50% of the popular vote.
[
770
]
His 1.5 percentage point
margin of victory
in 2024 (shown in chart) place it in only the 20th percentile of presidential elections since 1828.
[
771
]
Professor
Christina Pagel
mapped the first actions of the Trump administration in a Venn diagram that identifies "five broad domains that correspond to features of proto-authoritarian states". These five domains are: undermining democratic institutions and the rule of law, dismantling federal government; dismantling social protections and rights, enrichment and corruption; suppressing dissent and controlling information; attacking science, environment, health, arts and education, particularly universities; aggressive foreign policy and global destabilization.
[
772
]
Journalist Martin Sandu and authoritarian politics researcher Alex Norris described the maximalist interpretation of
executive power
in Trump's second term as president, including sweeping
executive orders
, the
federal funding freeze
,
actions against political opponents and the media
,
pardons of those involved in the 2021 attempted self-coup
, the actions of
Elon Musk
's
Department of Government Efficiency
, and the like as an attempted
self-coup
.
[
773
]
[
774
]
Political scientist Lee Morgenbesser argued the actions of DOGE are a form of
state capture
.
[
775
]
Public opinion
Trump's aggregated presidential approval ratings consistently declined over the first ten months of his second term, with more disapproval ratings than approval ratings just two months after his election and disapproval ratings rising to over 50% after three months.
[
776
]
In a larger context, Trump's approval rating (
Gallup polling
) after the first year of his second term was the lowest of any president since 1977.
[
777
]
Donald Trump began his second term with another historically low job approval rating, only improving on his lowest-ever rating (occurring in his first term) by three percentage points.
[
778
]
President Trump began his first term at 45% job approval, and his second with 47%. According to
Gallup
, "Trump remains the only elected president with sub-50% initial approval ratings".
[
778
]
In a
CBS News
/
YouGov
poll conducted from February 5â7, 2025, Trump reached a career high poll rating of 53%.
[
779
]
According to ABC News, Trump's approval rating at the end of his first 100 days in office was 39%, even lower than his already low 42% approval rating at the end of his first 100 days of his first presidency and the worst of any president's approval ratings after their 100 days in 80 years.
[
780
]
By July 2025, Gallup found Trump's approval rating reached the lowest for his second term at 37%, largely driven by declining support from independents,
[
781
]
and in August, multiple surveys revealed record or near-record low job approval ratings, which Gallup found to be lower than any modern president.
[
782
]
As was the case during Trump's first term,
[
783
]
[
784
]
[
785
]
the president's approval ratings have remained remarkably stable.
[
786
]
[
787
]
[
788
]
His ratings are also very polarized, often with more Republicans than Democrats approving of his leadership.
Immigration enforcement and protests against ICE
In early June 2025 in response to street
protests against ICE actions
, President Trump activated and sent 2,100 members of the
California National Guard
to the Los Angeles area.
[
789
]
Reuters
reported that the protests were the strongest domestic backlash to Trump since he took office in January,
[
790
]
and became a focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest, the use of federal force in domestic affairs, the boundaries of presidential power, and freedom of speech and assembly.
[
791
]
Banking and Citizenship Data Policy
In February 2026, the Trump administration was reported to be considering an executive order that would require U.S. banks to collect citizenship information from both new and existing customers as part of broader efforts to crack down on undocumented migration and impose new documentation requirements.
[
792
]
June 2025 military parade and "No Kings" protests
On June 14, the Trump administration held the
U.S. Army 250th Anniversary Parade
in Washington, D.C., to celebrate the anniversary of the U.S. Army and coinciding with President Trump's 79th birthday.
[
793
]
The parade is estimated to have cost somewhere between $25 and $45
Â
million.
[
793
]
In protest,
50501
,
Indivisible
, and other organizations
[
794
]
organized
No Kings protests
in many American cities. Millions attended the largest protest since Trump was re-elected.
[
793
]
[
795
]
October 2025 "No Kings" protests
No Kings protests
(also called No Kings 2.0
[
796
]
[
797
]
[
798
]
and No Kings Day 2.0
[
799
]
[
800
]
) took place on October 18, 2025, as part of a series of
demonstrations
taking place largely in the United States against
Donald Trump
's policies and actions during his second presidency. The demonstrations, which followed the
June 2025 No Kings protests
, took place in some 2,700 locations across the country, including the
National Mall
in
Washington, D.C.
,
Chicago
, and
New York City
.
Organizers of the protests estimated that the protests drew nearly 7 million attendees,
[
801
]
[
802
]
while a partnership between data journalist
G. Elliott Morris
and the Xylom, an independent Atlanta-based science newsroom, estimated 5 million to 6.5 million participants. Either estimate would make this one of the
largest single-day protests in American history
.
[
803
]
In January 2026, organizers announced plans to hold a
third "No Kings" mass mobilization
on March 28, 2026, in response to the
killings of Alex Pretti
and
Renée Good
, as well as the
2026 Minnesota general strike
.
[
804
]
See also
Bibliography of Donald Trump
Efforts to impeach Donald Trump
Government attacks on journalists in the United States during Donald Trump's second presidency
List of federal political scandals in the United States (21st century)
List of United States presidential vetoes § Donald Trump
Make America Great Again
 â American political slogan
Political positions of Donald Trump
Notes
^
The first was
Grover Cleveland
, following his victory in the
1892 presidential election
.
^
He was
convicted in 2024
for
falsifying business records
to conceal
hush money
payments.
^
Rare-earth elements or minerals are distinct from minerals or materials described as
critical minerals
or raw materials, which refers to materials that are considered to be of strategic or economic importance to a country. There is no single list, but individual governments compile lists of materials that are critical for their own economies.
[
481
]
However the two terms are often used interchangeably, especially in the U.S.
^
17 days of the
119th Congress
(January 3, 2025 â January 19, 2025) took place under
President Biden
.
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March 22,
2025
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^
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"How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More"
.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
March 20,
2025
.
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^
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"Trump announces new tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China"
.
CNN
.
^
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"Trump agrees to pause tariffs on Canada and Mexico after they pledge to boost border enforcement"
.
Associated Press News
. Retrieved
February 3,
2025
.
^
Gowling, Jordan (February 1, 2025).
"Canada to place retaliatory 25 per cent tariffs on $155 billion in U.S. goods in two phases"
.
Financial Post
.
^
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.
CNBC
. Retrieved
April 6,
2025
.
^
"Trump wants Jordan and Egypt to accept more Palestinian refugees and floats plan to 'clean out' Gaza"
.
Associated Press
. January 26, 2025.
^
Savage, Charlie; Rosenberg, Carol; Gamio, Lazaro (December 29, 2025).
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.
The New York Times
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^
Savage, Charlie (December 4, 2025).
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^
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.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
Â
0261-3077
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2025
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^
a
b
Savage, Charlie (May 23, 2025).
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.
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August 16,
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^
a
b
Sneed, Tierney (January 23, 2025).
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.
CNN
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2025
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^
a
b
Lucas, Ryan (May 2, 2025).
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.
NPR News
. Retrieved
August 18,
2025
.
A federal judge on Friday struck down President Trump's executive order targeting the prominent law firm of Perkins Coie, finding it unconstitutional and declaring it an attack on the foundational principles of the American legal system.
^
a
b
Jouvenal, Justin (July 21, 2025).
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.
The Washington Post
. Retrieved
August 1,
2025
.
A comprehensive analysis of hundreds of lawsuits against Trump policies shows dozens of examples of defiance, delay and dishonesty, which experts say pose an unprecedented threat to the U.S. legal system. [...] The Post examined 337 lawsuits filed against the administration since Trump returned to the White House and began a rapid-fire effort to reshape government programs and policy. As of mid-July, courts had ruled against the administration in 165 of the lawsuits. The Post found that the administration is accused of defying or frustrating court oversight in 57 of those cases â almost 35 percent. Legal experts said the pattern of conduct is unprecedented for any presidential administration and threatens to undermine the judiciary's role as a check on an executive branch asserting vast powers that test the boundaries of the law and Constitution.
^
"Can Trump serve a third term as US president?"
.
www.bbc.com
. October 27, 2025
. Retrieved
November 5,
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^
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.
The New York Times
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April 22,
2025
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^
Watson, Kathryn (November 15, 2022).
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.
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2024
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^
Orr, Gabby; Holmes, Kristen; Stracqualursi, Veronica (November 16, 2022).
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.
CNN
.
Archived
from the original on January 15, 2023
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^
Herman, Alice (July 15, 2024).
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.
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. Retrieved
November 6,
2024
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^
Colvin, Jill; Tucker, Eric; Condon, Bernard; Mustian, Jim (July 26, 2024).
"FBI says Trump was indeed struck by bullet during assassination attempt"
.
Associated Press
.
Archived
from the original on July 30, 2024.
^
Wren, Adam (November 6, 2024).
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.
Politico
. Retrieved
November 6,
2024
.
^
Yilek, Caitlin (November 6, 2024).
"Trump wins Wisconsin, clinching presidency, CBS News projects. See the county-by-county results"
.
CBS News
. Retrieved
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2024
.
^
Jacobson, Louis (November 22, 2024).
"How big was Donald Trump's 2024 election victory? 8 charts explain"
.
PolitiFact
. Retrieved
April 22,
2025
.
^
"2024 Presidential Election Results"
(PDF)
.
Federal Election Commission
. January 16, 2025.
^
Watkins, Ali (November 6, 2024).
"Trump Is Not the First President to Come Back From Defeat"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on November 6, 2024
. Retrieved
November 6,
2024
.
^
Tucker, Brianna (November 6, 2024).
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.
The Washington Post
. Retrieved
November 6,
2024
.
^
Brooks, Emily (November 11, 2024).
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.
The Hill
. Retrieved
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2024
.
^
Swan, Jonathan
;
Haberman, Maggie
; Savage, Charlie (August 16, 2024).
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.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
November 10,
2024
.
^
Bensinger, Ken (October 9, 2024).
"Trump Holds Up Transition Process, Skirting Ethics and Fund-Raising Rules"
.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on November 10, 2024
. Retrieved
November 10,
2024
.
^
Bensinger, Ken (November 9, 2024).
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.
The New York Times
.
Archived
from the original on November 10, 2024
. Retrieved
November 10,
2024
.
^
Crowley, Kinsey (November 5, 2024).
"When is Inauguration Day? What to know about the next president's swearing in"
.
USA Today
. Retrieved
November 6,
2024
.
^
Henderson, Alex (January 21, 2025).
"How John Roberts 'played a significant role' in Trump's return to White House"
.
AlterNet
. Retrieved
August 15,
2025
.
^
Kinnard, Meg; Beaumont, Thomas (January 17, 2025).
"The inauguration is moving indoors. Here's what to know about the changed plans"
. Associated Press
. Retrieved
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2025
.
^
Lipton, Eric (January 18, 2025).
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.
The New York Times
. Retrieved
January 18,
2025
.
^
Rein, Lisa (January 29, 2025).
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.
The Washington Post
.
ProQuest
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3161181247
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^
Pereira, Ivan (January 28, 2025).
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.
ABC News
. Retrieved
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2025
.
^
Wootson Jr., Cleve R. (January 21, 2025).
"Trump's executive orders already face pushback, legal challenges"
.
The Washington Post
.
ISSN
Â
0190-8286
. Retrieved
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.
^
Peterson, Matt (January 21, 2025).
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.
Barron's
.
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. Retrieved
January 23,
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.
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^
Griffiths, Brent D. (November 13, 2024).
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.
Business Insider
. Retrieved
December 22,
2024
.
^
Slattery, Gram; Ulmer, Alexander (November 11, 2024).
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. Reuters
. Retrieved
December 22,
2024
.
^
Ball, Molly (December 17, 2024).
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.
The Wall Street Journal
. Retrieved
December 24,
2024
.
^
Barrow, Bill (November 25, 2024).
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. Associated Press
. Retrieved
December 24,
2024
.
^
Charalambous, Peter; Romero, Laura; Kim, Soo Rin (December 17, 2024).
"Trump has tapped an unprecedented 13 billionaires for his administration. Here's who they are"
. ABC News
. Retrieved
December 24,
2024
.
^
Barber, Rachel (November 21, 2024).
"A billionaire presidential administration? Who Trump plans to nominate so far"
.
USA Today
. Retrieved
December 24,
2024
.
^
Baragona, Justin (May 9, 2025).
"Trump gets the Fox News band back together for his second administration"
.
The Independent
.
^
Kane, Christopher
(November 24, 2024).
"Trump nominates gay man for Treasury secretary"
.
Washington Blade
.
^
Hackman, Josh Dawsey, Tarini Parti and Michelle (March 5, 2026).
"Trump Ousts Kristi Noem From DHS"
.
The Wall Street Journal
. Retrieved
March 11,
2026
.
{{
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I am pleased to announce that the Interim Authorities in Venezuela will be turning over between 30 and 50 MILLION Barrels of High Quality, Sanctioned Oil, to the United States of America. This Oil will be sold at its Market Price, and that money will be controlled by me, as President of the United States of America, to ensure it is used to benefit the people of Venezuela and the United States! I have asked Energy Secretary Chris Wright to execute this plan, immediately. It will be taken by storage ships, and brought directly to unloading docks in the United States. Thank you for your attention to this matter!
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- [1\.1 2024 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#2024_election)
- [1\.2 Transition period and inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Transition_period_and_inauguration)
- [1\.3 First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#First_100_days)
- [2 Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Administration)
Toggle Administration subsection
- [2\.1 Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Cabinet)
- [2\.2 Loyalty tests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Loyalty_tests)
- [2\.3 Advisors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Advisors)
- [3 Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Executive_orders)
- [4 Economic issues, trade, and tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Economic_issues,_trade,_and_tariffs)
Toggle Economic issues, trade, and tariffs subsection
- [4\.1 GDP growth rate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#GDP_growth_rate)
- [4\.2 One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act)
- [4\.3 Government shutdown in OctoberâNovember 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Government_shutdown_in_October%E2%80%93November_2025)
- [4\.4 Government funding starting January 30, 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Government_funding_starting_January_30,_2026)
- [4\.5 DHS partial shutdown starting February 14, 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#DHS_partial_shutdown_starting_February_14,_2026)
- [4\.6 Trade and tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Trade_and_tariffs)
- [4\.6.1 Immediate impact on market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Immediate_impact_on_market)
- [4\.6.2 Supreme Court hears IEEPA tariff case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Supreme_Court_hears_IEEPA_tariff_case)
- [4\.6.3 China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#China)
- [4\.6.4 EU](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#EU)
- [4\.6.5 Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Middle_East)
- [4\.7 Trump calls for 10% cap on credit card interest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Trump_calls_for_10%25_cap_on_credit_card_interest)
- [4\.8 Proposals for housing affordability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Proposals_for_housing_affordability)
- [5 Domestic policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Domestic_policy)
Toggle Domestic policy subsection
- [5\.1 Abortion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Abortion)
- [5\.2 Anti-LGBTQ+ policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Anti-LGBTQ+_policies)
- [5\.3 Environmental and energy policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Environmental_and_energy_policy)
- [5\.3.1 Nuclear power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Nuclear_power)
- [5\.4 Deployment of federal forces, and potential deployment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Deployment_of_federal_forces,_and_potential_deployment)
- [5\.4.1 Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Los_Angeles)
- [5\.4.2 Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Washington,_D.C.)
- [5\.4.3 Memphis, Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Memphis,_Tennessee)
- [5\.4.4 Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Chicago)
- [5\.4.5 Portland, Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Portland,_Oregon)
- [5\.4.6 New Orleans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#New_Orleans)
- [5\.4.7 Minneapolis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Minneapolis)
- [5\.4.8 Troop deployments to U.S. cities cost \$496 million in 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Troop_deployments_to_U.S._cities_cost_$496_million_in_2025)
- [5\.5 FEMA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#FEMA)
- [5\.6 Health policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Health_policy)
- [5\.6.1 2025 CDC leadership dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#2025_CDC_leadership_dispute)
- [5\.6.2 Claims about autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Claims_about_autism)
- [5\.6.3 Prescription drug prices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Prescription_drug_prices)
- [5\.6.4 Subsidies for Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Subsidies_for_Affordable_Care_Act_\("Obamacare"\))
- [5\.7 Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Immigration)
- [5\.8 Labor policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Labor_policy)
- [5\.8.1 Coal mining regulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Coal_mining_regulations)
- [5\.8.2 Mass federal layoffs and firings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Mass_federal_layoffs_and_firings)
- [5\.8.2.1 Defense and military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Defense_and_military)
- [5\.8.2.2 Firing of BLS director](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Firing_of_BLS_director)
- [5\.9 National Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#National_Security)
- [5\.9.1 Counterterrorism policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Counterterrorism_policies)
- [5\.9.2 Punishing states with cuts to Homeland Security funding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Punishing_states_with_cuts_to_Homeland_Security_funding)
- [5\.10 Social Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Social_Security)
- [5\.11 Universities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Universities)
- [6 Foreign policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Foreign_policy)
Toggle Foreign policy subsection
- [6\.1 Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Americas)
- [6\.1.1 Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Argentina)
- [6\.1.2 Boat strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Boat_strikes)
- [6\.1.3 Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Venezuela)
- [6\.2 Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Europe)
- [6\.2.1 NATO spending](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#NATO_spending)
- [6\.2.2 Vice President JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Vice_President_JD_Vance)
- [6\.2.3 UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#UK)
- [6\.2.4 Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Ukraine)
- [6\.3 Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Africa)
- [6\.3.1 South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#South_Africa)
- [6\.3.2 Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_and_Rwanda)
- [6\.3.3 South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#South_Sudan)
- [6\.4 Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Asia)
- [6\.4.1 Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Middle_East_2)
- [6\.4.1.1 Houthis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Houthis)
- [6\.4.1.2 Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Iran)
- [6\.4.1.3 Israel and Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Israel_and_Gaza)
- [6\.4.1.4 Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Qatar)
- [6\.4.1.5 Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Syria)
- [6\.4.2 Indian subcontinent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Indian_subcontinent)
- [6\.4.3 Caucasus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Caucasus)
- [6\.4.4 Southeast Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Southeast_Asia)
- [6\.4.5 China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#China_2)
- [6\.5 Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Oceania)
- [6\.5.1 Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Australia)
- [6\.6 Foreign aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Foreign_aid)
- [6\.6.1 Freezing most programs for 90 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Freezing_most_programs_for_90_days)
- [6\.6.2 Keeping 17% of programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Keeping_17%25_of_programs)
- [6\.6.3 July 2025 rescissions ("claw backs"), but not for PEPFAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#July_2025_rescissions_\("claw_backs"\),_but_not_for_PEPFAR)
- [6\.7 Disaster response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Disaster_response)
- [6\.7.1 Myanmar earthquake, March 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Myanmar_earthquake,_March_2025)
- [6\.7.2 Hurricane Melissa, October 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Hurricane_Melissa,_October_2025)
- [6\.8 Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Refugees)
- [6\.9 Expansionism and revanchism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Expansionism_and_revanchism)
- [6\.9.1 Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Canada)
- [6\.9.2 Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Greenland)
- [6\.9.3 Panama Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Panama_Canal)
- [6\.10 United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#United_Nations)
- [6\.10.1 World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#World_Health_Organization)
- [7 Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Ethics)
Toggle Ethics subsection
- [7\.1 Pardons and commutations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Pardons_and_commutations)
- [7\.2 "Pay-for-access" and MAGA Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#"Pay-for-access"_and_MAGA_Inc.)
- [7\.3 Conflicts of interest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Conflicts_of_interest)
- [7\.4 Cryptocurrency ventures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Cryptocurrency_ventures)
- [7\.5 Authoritarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Authoritarianism)
- [7\.5.1 Government targeting of political opponents and civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Government_targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society)
- [7\.5.2 Flood-the-zone strategy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Flood-the-zone_strategy)
- [7\.5.3 Concentration of executive power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Concentration_of_executive_power)
- [8 Elections during the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Elections_during_the_second_Trump_presidency)
- [9 Relations with other branches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Relations_with_other_branches)
Toggle Relations with other branches subsection
- [9\.1 Judicial appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Judicial_appointments)
- [10 Internal Republican politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Internal_Republican_politics)
Toggle Internal Republican politics subsection
- [10\.1 MAGA fallout over non-release of Jeffrey Epstein files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#MAGA_fallout_over_non-release_of_Jeffrey_Epstein_files)
- [11 Historical evaluations and public opinion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Historical_evaluations_and_public_opinion)
Toggle Historical evaluations and public opinion subsection
- [11\.1 Evaluations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Evaluations)
- [11\.2 Public opinion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Public_opinion)
- [11\.2.1 Immigration enforcement and protests against ICE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Immigration_enforcement_and_protests_against_ICE)
- [11\.2.2 Banking and Citizenship Data Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Banking_and_Citizenship_Data_Policy)
- [11\.2.3 June 2025 military parade and "No Kings" protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#June_2025_military_parade_and_"No_Kings"_protests)
- [11\.2.4 October 2025 "No Kings" protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#October_2025_"No_Kings"_protests)
- [12 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#See_also)
- [13 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Notes)
- [14 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#References)
- [15 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# Second presidency of Donald Trump
23 languages
- [ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ©](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9 "۱ۊۧ۳۩ ŰŻÙÙۧÙŰŻ ŰȘ۱Ù
Űš ۧÙ۫ۧÙÙŰ© â Arabic")
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- [ÄeĆĄtina](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A9_prezidentstv%C3%AD_Donalda_Trumpa "DruhĂ© prezidentstvĂ Donalda Trumpa â Czech")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Pr%C3%A4sidentschaft_von_Donald_Trump "Zweite PrĂ€sidentschaft von Donald Trump â German")
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ÎÏÏÎœÎ±Î»ÎœÏ Î€ÏÎ±ÎŒÏ â Greek")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_presidencia_de_Donald_Trump "Segunda presidencia de Donald Trump â Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trumpi_teine_presidentuur "Donald Trumpi teine presidentuur â Estonian")
- [Ùۧ۱۳Û](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE "ŰŻÙÙ
ÛÙ ŰŻÙŰ±Ù Ű±Ûۧ۳ŰȘâŰŹÙ
ÙÙŰ±Û ŰŻÙÙۧÙŰŻ ŰȘ۱ۧÙ
ÙŸ â Persian")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_pr%C3%A9sidence_de_Donald_Trump "Seconde prĂ©sidence de Donald Trump â French")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dara_t%C3%A9arma_Donald_Trump "Dara tĂ©arma Donald Trump â Irish")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_m%C3%A1sodik_eln%C3%B6ks%C3%A9ge "Donald Trump mĂĄsodik elnöksĂ©ge â Hungarian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa_kepresidenan_kedua_Donald_Trump "Masa kepresidenan kedua Donald Trump â Indonesian")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_presidenza_di_Donald_Trump "Seconda presidenza di Donald Trump â Italian")
- [æ„æŹèȘ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AC%A1%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E6%94%BF%E6%A8%A9 "珏2æŹĄăă©ăłăæżæš© â Japanese")
- [ÒĐ°Đ·Đ°ÒŃĐ°](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96 "ĐĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐŽ ĐąŃĐ°ĐŒĐżŃŃÒŁ Đ”ĐșŃĐœŃŃ ĐżŃĐ”Đ·ĐžĐŽĐ”ĐœŃŃŃĐłŃ â Kazakh")
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- [PortuguĂȘs](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_presid%C3%AAncia_de_Donald_Trump "Segunda presidĂȘncia de Donald Trump â Portuguese")
- [Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0 "ĐŃĐŸŃĐŸĐ” ĐżŃĐ”Đ·ĐžĐŽĐ”ĐœŃŃŃĐČĐŸ ĐĐŸĐœĐ°Đ»ŃĐŽĐ° ĐąŃĐ°ĐŒĐżĐ° â Russian")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
U.S. presidential administration since 2025
For a chronological guide, see [Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies § Second presidency (2025âpresent)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies#Second_presidency_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies").
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|  | This article **contains an excessive amount of intricate [detail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:DETAIL "Wikipedia:DETAIL")**. Please help [improve it](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump&action=edit) by [spinning off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_forks#Article_spinoffs:_.22Summary_style.22_meta-articles_and_summary_sections "Wikipedia:Content forks") or [relocating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Handling_trivia#Recommendations_for_handling_trivia "Wikipedia:Handling trivia") relevant information and removing excessive detail that goes against [Wikipedia's inclusion policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not "Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"). *(June 2025)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal"))* |
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|  | This article **may be [too long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size "Wikipedia:Article size") to read and navigate comfortably**. When this tag was added, its [readable prose size](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SIZERULE "Wikipedia:SIZERULE") was 19,800 words. Consider [splitting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting "Wikipedia:Splitting") content into sub-articles, [condensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style "Wikipedia:Summary style") it, or adding [subheadings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections "Help:Section"). Please discuss this issue on the article's [talk page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Talk:Second presidency of Donald Trump"). *(February 2026)* |
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| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")[Official portrait, 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump#2025_presidential_portrait "Official portraits of Donald Trump") | |
| **Second presidency of Donald Trump** January 20, 2025 â present | |
| Vice President | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") |
| Cabinet | [Full list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") |
| Party | [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") |
| Election | [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") |
| [Seat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_government "Seat of government") | [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") |
| â [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg) [Seal of the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States "Seal of the president of the United States") | |
| [Official website](https://whitehouse.gov/) | |
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|---|---|
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| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_\(2025\)_\(3x4_close_cropped\).jpg) | This article is part of a series about[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") |
| Life and business [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") [*The Apprentice*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)") [bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump "Family of Donald Trump") [Age and health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Donald_Trump "Public image of Donald Trump") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") [Eponyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump "List of things named after Donald Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Indictments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indictments_against_Donald_Trump "Indictments against Donald Trump") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Handshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_handshakes "Donald Trump and handshakes") [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") [Views and ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") ["Make America Great Again"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") [Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_movement "MAGA movement") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Nicknames](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of endorsements by Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") ["Trump always chickens out"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") ["Trump derangement syndrome"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") 45th and 47th President of the United States Presidencies [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") [second]() [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") Transitions [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") Inaugurations [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "First inauguration of Donald Trump") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") Tenure First 100 days [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the first Trump presidency") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_executive_orders_\(disambiguation\) "Trump executive orders (disambiguation)") [proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of proclamations by Donald Trump") [pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Polls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Opinion polling on the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Legal affairs of Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [TikTok controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%E2%80%93TikTok_controversy "Donald TrumpâTikTok controversy") [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") Domestic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") Economic [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") tariffs [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [China trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") Environment [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Environmental policy of the second Trump administration") Foreign [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") [America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") Immigration [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") [Infrastructure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump "Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump") Social [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Social policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Social policy of the second Trump administration") cannabis [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") Space [first](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Space policy of the first Trump administration") [second](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_Trump_administration_\(disambiguation\) "Political appointments of the Trump administration (disambiguation)") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "Cabinet of Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump_\(disambiguation\) "List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump (disambiguation)") [Federal judges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump") [Gorsuch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination "Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination") [Kavanaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination "Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination") [Barrett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination "Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination") [Supreme Court candidates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates "Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates") [Executives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_appointments_by_Donald_Trump "Executive Office appointments by Donald Trump") [U.S. Attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Presidential campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump "Political career of Donald Trump") [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Reform Party presidential primaries") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* tape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") [Spygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spygate_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Spygate (conspiracy theory)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") endorsements [political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016â2022)") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [GOP reactions to election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [TrumpâRaffensperger phone call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Raffensperger_phone_call "TrumpâRaffensperger phone call") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_oppose_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who oppose the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") assassination attempts [PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Matthew_Crooks "Thomas Matthew Crooks") [photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Wesley_Routh "Ryan Wesley Routh") Impeachments [Efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [First impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment of Donald Trump") [TrumpâUkraine scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal "TrumpâUkraine scandal") [House inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump "Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "First impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Second impeachment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment of Donald Trump") [Capitol attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack") [Senate trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump "Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump") [Proposed expungements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump "Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump") Civil and criminal prosecutions [2020 election federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Classified documents federal indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") [Plasmic Echo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)")* [New York indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy DanielsâDonald Trump scandal") [Karen McDougal affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Affair_with_Donald_Trump "Karen McDougal") [financial fraud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Georgia election indictment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [Georgia election investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Georgia_election_investigation "2020 Georgia election investigation") [mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States "COVID-19 pandemic in the United States") [Taskforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force "White House Coronavirus Task Force") [Communication](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Government response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic "U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic") [stimulus bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_\(economics\) "Stimulus (economics)") [CARES Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARES_Act "CARES Act") [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2021 "Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021") [Operation Warp Speed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed "Operation Warp Speed") [White House outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak "White House COVID-19 outbreak") [Interference with science agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies "Trump administration political interference with science agencies") [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump's signature")  | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Template:Donald Trump series") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump_series "Template talk:Donald Trump series") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump_series "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump series") | |
[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s second and current tenure as the [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") began upon [his inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") as the [47th president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") on January 20, 2025. Trump, a [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)"), previously served as the [45th president from 2017 to 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"). He lost re-election to [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") nominee [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), and then won against Democratic nominee [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") in [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"), who replaced Biden following [his withdrawal from the race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election") on July 21. Trump is the second [former U.S. president to return to office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_ran_for_office "List of former presidents of the United States who ran for office").[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-1) Alongside Trump's second presidency, the Republican Party also currently holds majorities in the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") and the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") during the [119th U.S. Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") following the [2024 elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_elections "2024 United States elections"), thereby attaining an overall federal [government trifecta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_trifecta#United_States "Government trifecta").
During 2025, Trump signed 225 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order "Executive order"), the most of any president in a single year since [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Franklin D. Roosevelt"). Many of these have been or are being challenged in court.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:3-2) His [attempts to expand presidential power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory#Growth_of_presidential_powers "Unitary executive theory") and [conflict with the courts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency") have been described as a defining characteristic of his second presidency.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-3) The Trump administration [has taken action against law firms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") for challenging its policies. On [immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States "Immigration to the United States"), Trump signed the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") into law, revived numerous immigration laws from his first presidency, [attempted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") to restrict [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States"), and initiated procedures for [mass deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), including nationwide raids by [Immigration and Customs Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement "United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement"). In January 2025, Trump launched the [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE), with [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") briefly overseeing it. DOGE was tasked with reducing federal spending and limiting bureaucracy, and it oversaw [mass layoffs of civil servants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") along with efforts to dismantle government agencies such as the [Agency for International Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_International_Development "Agency for International Development"). Trump has also overseen [a series of tariff increases and pauses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration"), which led to retaliatory tariffs from other countries and [stock market volatility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_stock_market_crash "2025 stock market crash").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_agrees_to_pause_tariffs_on_Canada_and_Mexico,_February_3,_2025-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Financial_Post,_Canada_to_place_retaliatory_25_per_cent,_February_1,_2025-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-7)
In international affairs, Trump has further strengthened [U.S. relations with Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations "IsraelâUnited States relations"). His administration [increased support for Israel in the Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war"), aided [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel "Israel") in the June 2025 [Twelve-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") that he named, and carried out [strikes on Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-8) In early October 2025, Trump's [plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") between Israel and [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") was signed. Amid the [Russo-Ukrainian war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)") that began in 2022, the Trump administration undertook multiple attempts at [peace negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)"). Trump has authorized a series of lethal [strikes on suspected drug traffickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") in the [Caribbean Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Sea "Caribbean Sea"), whose legality is widely disputed under both U.S. and international law, and subsequently ordered [a military operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") to capture [NicolĂĄs Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "NicolĂĄs Maduro"), the [disputed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election "2024 Venezuelan presidential election") president of Venezuela.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-10) In February 2026, he launched a [major attack on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_conflict "2026 Iran conflict") with Israel with the stated goal of regime change, including the [assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei "Assassination of Ali Khamenei") of [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei"), the [Supreme Leader of Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran "Supreme Leader of Iran"). As in his first presidency, Trump initiated the withdrawal of the U.S. from the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization"), the [Paris Climate Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement"), and [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-11)
The Trump administration has been criticized for [its targeting of political opponents and civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration"). Many of his administration's actions have been found by judges to be illegal and unconstitutional,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05232025-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Sneed_01232025-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lucas_05022025-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jouvenal_07212025-15) and have been criticized as authoritarian and contributing to [democratic backsliding in the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"). Trump is the first president with a [felony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felonies_in_the_United_States "Felonies in the United States") conviction.[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-16) At 78 years old and seven months, he is the [oldest person to become U.S. president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age"). Following his electoral victories [in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") and 2024, he is constitutionally ineligible from seeking further terms due to the [Twenty-second Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution") to the [U.S. Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Constitution "U.S. Constitution"), although Trump and many of his associates have discussed the possibility of [him running for a third term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_third_term_proposal "Donald Trump third term proposal").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-17)
## Milestones
### 2024 election
Main articles: [Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign"), [2024 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"), and [2025 United States Electoral College vote count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2025 United States Electoral College vote count")
Further information: [2024 United States elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_elections "2024 United States elections"), [2024 Republican Party presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries"), and [2024 Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2024.svg)
2024 Electoral College vote results
Trump, who [previously served](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 and lost [his reelection bid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") to [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"),[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-18) announced [his candidacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") for the [nomination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") of the [Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") in the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") on November 15, 2022.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-19)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-20) In March 2024, Trump secured the Republican nomination. [Trump selected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") Senator [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") of Ohio, a former critic of his, as his [running mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_mate "Running mate"), and the two were officially nominated at the [2024 Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-21) On July 13, 2024, Trump was the victim of an [attempted assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") during a campaign rally in [Butler, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania "Butler, Pennsylvania"). The attempt resulted in the bullet grazing his ear, but he was otherwise unharmed.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-22)
Early on November 6, 2024, the day after the election, Trump was projected to have secured the presidency.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-23)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-24) Trump won the [presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") with 312 electoral votes and 49.8% of the popular vote, while [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") received 226 electoral votes and 48.3% of the popular vote.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-25)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-26) Trump, upon taking office, became the second president in U.S. history to serve non-consecutive terms after Grover Cleveland in 1893,[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-27) and the first with a felony to serve the presidency after [his conviction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") in May 2024.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WaPoFirsts-28) In the concurrent [congressional elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_elections "2024 United States elections"), Republicans secured a [government trifecta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_trifecta "Government trifecta") after retaining their majority in the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") and winning back control of the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-29)
### Transition period and inauguration
Main articles: [Second presidential transition of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") and [Second inauguration of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_2025_Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_Donald_J._Trump.jpg)
Inaugural portrait
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20241113CS-0503_\(cropped\).jpg)
Incumbent president [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") and President-elect Trump in the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office") on November 13, 2024
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
[Chief Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice "Chief Justice") [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts") administers the [presidential oath of office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States "Oath of office of the president of the United States") to Trump in the [Capitol rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda "United States Capitol rotunda"), January 20, 2025
The [presidential transition period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") began following Trump's victory in the [2024 U.S. presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"), though Trump had chosen [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") and [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") to begin planning for the transition in August 2024. According to *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*, Trump was "superstitious" and preferred to avoid discussing the presidential transition process until after Election Day. His transition team relied on the work of the [America First Policy Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Policy_Institute "America First Policy Institute"), rather than [the Heritage Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation "The Heritage Foundation"), a conservative think tank that garnered controversy during the election for [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025"), a set of initiatives that would reshape the federal government.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-30) By October, he had not participated in the federal presidential transition process,[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-31) and he had not signed a required ethics pledge, as of November.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-32)
During the transition period, Trump announced nominations for his [cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") and [administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Executive Office of the President of the United States"). Trump was [inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-33) He was sworn in by [Chief Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States "Chief Justice of the United States") [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-34) The inauguration occurred indoors in the [Capitol Rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda "United States Capitol rotunda").[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-35) Two days before the inauguration, Trump launched a [meme coin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme_coin "Meme coin"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_2025-01-18-36) In his first weeks, several of Trump's actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the Constitution.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-38)
### First 100 days
Main article: [First 100 days of the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency")
In Trump's [first hundred days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_hundred_days_\(United_States\) "First hundred days (United States)") in office, he signed 143 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order_\(United_States\) "Executive order (United States)"), the most of any president in this period, 42 [presidential memoranda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_memoranda "Presidential memoranda"), 42 [presidential proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_proclamation "Presidential proclamation"), the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act"), [a continuing appropriations act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_budget "2025 United States federal budget"), and other pieces of [legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislation "Legislation") for Congress. [Trump's extensive use of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump") drew a mixed reception from both Republicans and Democrats. Some executive orders tested the limits of [executive authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_authority "Executive authority"), and others faced immediate legal challenges.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-39)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-40) Major topics Trump focused on included [immigration reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration"), [deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), [applying tariffs on other countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration"), cutting federal spending, reducing the federal workforce, increasing executive authority, and implementing a [non-interventionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-interventionism "Non-interventionism") foreign policy.
## Administration
Further information: [Political appointments of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the second Trump administration")
### Cabinet
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_holds_a_cabinet_meeting_\(54352151297\).jpg)
Cabinet meeting, February 2025
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_in_August_2025.jpg) | | |
| Second Trump cabinet | | |
| Office | Name | Term |
| [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | 2025âpresent |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State "United States Secretary of State") | [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury "United States Secretary of the Treasury") | [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") | [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") | 2025âpresent |
| [Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General "United States Attorney General") | [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of the Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior "United States Secretary of the Interior") | [Doug Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Agriculture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture "United States Secretary of Agriculture") | [Brooke Rollins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke_Rollins "Brooke Rollins") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Commerce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce "United States Secretary of Commerce") | [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor "United States Secretary of Labor") | [Lori Chavez-DeRemer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer "Lori Chavez-DeRemer") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") | [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") | [Scott Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Turner_\(politician\) "Scott Turner (politician)") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation "United States Secretary of Transportation") | [Sean Duffy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Duffy "Sean Duffy") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy "United States Secretary of Energy") | [Chris Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wright "Chris Wright") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education "United States Secretary of Education") | [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Veterans Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs "United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs") | [Doug Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Collins_\(politician\) "Doug Collins (politician)") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security") | [Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") | 2025â2026 |
| [Markwayne Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") | TBDâ | |
| [Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency "Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency") | [Lee Zeldin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Zeldin "Lee Zeldin") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of the Office of Management and Budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget "Office of Management and Budget") | [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of National Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence "Director of National Intelligence") | [Tulsi Gabbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard "Tulsi Gabbard") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") | [John Ratcliffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ratcliffe "John Ratcliffe") | 2025âpresent |
| [United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") | [Jamieson Greer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson_Greer "Jamieson Greer") | 2025âpresent |
| [Administrator of the Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration "Administrator of the Small Business Administration") | [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") | 2025âpresent |
| [White House Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") | [Susie Wiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Wiles "Susie Wiles") | 2025âpresent |
Main article: [Second cabinet of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump")
See also: [Vice presidency of JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_JD_Vance "Vice presidency of JD Vance") and [List of vice presidential trips made by JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vice_presidential_trips_made_by_JD_Vance "List of vice presidential trips made by JD Vance")
Trump's cabinet choices were described by news media as valuing personal loyalty over relevant experience,[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-41)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-42) and for having a range of conflicting ideologies and "eclectic personalities".[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-43)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-44) It was also described as the wealthiest administration in modern history, with over 13 billionaires chosen to take government posts.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-45)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-46) He nominated or appointed 23 former [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") employees to his administration.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) Notably, Trump's nomination of [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") as [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury "Secretary of the Treasury") made Bessent the highest ranking openly LGBTQ person to serve in the United States government.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)
In March 2026, [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal") reported that Trump was planning to fire [Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") after a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing during which she was criticised for her actions during her term of office, including her handling of the killings of [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good") and [Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti"), inappropriate relations with her advisor, [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), and mismanagement of funds.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-49) On March 5, Trump announced her reassignment to a new position, "[Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")"[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-50), and announced Oklahoma senator, [Markwayne Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") as her successor as the Secretary of Homeland Security.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-51) Noem is the first Cabinet official to be removed from her post during Trump's second presidency.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-52)
### Loyalty tests
Once the second Trump presidency began, White House screening teams fanned out to federal agencies to screen job applicants for their loyalty to the president's agenda. On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order asserting to restore merit-based federal hiring practices and "dedication to our Constitution".[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-maga_loyalty-53)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-54) As part of its [U.S. federal deferred resignation program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_deferred_resignation_program "U.S. federal deferred resignation program"), the Trump administration demanded "loyalty" from federal workers.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In a break from politically neutral speech, the Justice Department issued memos about "insubordination", "abhorrent conduct" and vowed to pursue opponents of Trump's cost-cutting efforts "to the ends of the Earth" in what was described by current and former law enforcement officials as a campaign of intimidation against agents insufficiently loyal to Trump.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-56)
Staffers were dispatched across federal agencies to look for anti-Trump sentiment among government agencies. Some new hires were told to provide examples of what they did to help Trump's 2024 presidential campaign, when their moment of "MAGA revelation" occurred, prove their "enthusiasm", be positively referenced by confirmed loyalists, and provide access to their social media handles. *The Associated Press* described the intense loyalty tests as a way to separate individuals following traditional Republican orthodoxy from Trump's MAGA ideology.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-maga_loyalty-53) Candidates for top national intelligence and law enforcement positions were given Trump loyalty tests. Candidates were asked to give yes or no responses to whether or not January 6 was an "inside job" and whether or not the 2020 election was "stolen". Those that did not say yes to both answers were not hired.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-57)
### Advisors
Trump had assistance from Elon Musk, other political operatives, and an antisemitism task force.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJed-58) Advisors were [Christopher Rufo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Rufo "Christopher Rufo") in education; [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") in domestic policy and immigration; and four co-authors of Project 2025: [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought"), [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"), [Paul S. Atkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_S._Atkins "Paul S. Atkins"), and [Brendan Carr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Carr_\(lawyer\) "Brendan Carr (lawyer)").[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-59)
## Executive orders
See also: [List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_has_signed_the_most_first-day_executive_orders_of_recent_presidents._First-day_executive_orders_by_previous_ten_presidents,_1969%E2%80%932025.png)
Trump signed the most first-day executive orders of recent presidents. First-day executive orders by previous ten presidents, 1969â2025
Trump began office with the most executive orders ever signed on the first day of a United States presidential term,[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-60) at 26 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-61) Trump's signing of executive orders was described as a "shock and awe" campaign that tested the limits of executive authority.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-62)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-63) Four days into Trump's second term, analysis conducted by *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* found that nearly two-thirds of [his executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") "mirror or partially mirror" proposals from [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025"),[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-64) which was seconded with analysis from [Bloomberg Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_Government "Bloomberg Government").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-65)
The signing of many of [Trump's executive orders are being challenged in court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_cases_related_to_Donald_Trump%27s_second_presidential_term "Court cases related to Donald Trump's second presidential term"), with the executive orders affecting federal funding, federal employee status, immigration, federal programs, [government data availability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_data_removals "2025 United States government data removals"), and more. The majority of the early cases were filed in response to executive orders related to the establishment of the [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE), [Executive Order 14158](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14158 "Executive Order 14158"), and the actions taken by [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") and the DOGE team towards federal agencies described as cost-cutting measures.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-66)
## Economic issues, trade, and tariffs
See also: [Economic policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Unemployment_rate_-_US.svg)
Though Trump on December 9, 2025, rated his economy as "A+++++", the unemployment rate had increased during his second term.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021-_Change_in_non-farm_employment_-_US.svg)
Though Trump in December 2025 rated his economy as "A+++++",[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67) employment figures during 2025 showed little net change after his April tariffs announcement.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BLS_EmploymentChange_20251228-68)
### GDP growth rate
In the first quarter of 2025, economic growth was a negative 0.5%. [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") said the decline occurred because "businesses scrambled to bring in foreign goods ahead of new U.S. tariffs," .[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_2nd_Quarter_GDP,_Aug_28,_2025-69) Second quarter economic growth was 3.8% annualized (as if continuing for the full year).[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-70) In the third quarter, [real GDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_GDP "Real GDP") grew to 4.3%, the fastest rate in two years.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-71)
### One Big Beautiful Bill Act
Main article: [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act")
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was a [U.S. federal statute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_statute "U.S. federal statute") which constituted the core of the Trump administration's second-term economic agenda. It contains hundreds of provisions. Among the most notable, the Act extends the individual tax rates [Trump signed into law in 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"), raises the cap on the [state and local tax deduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_and_local_tax_deduction "State and local tax deduction") to \$40,000 for taxpayers making less than \$500,000, expands work requirements for [SNAP benefits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP_benefits "SNAP benefits"), adds work requirements and makes significant spending cuts to [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid"), and significantly increases spending on defense and border security.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Budget_Act,_July_5,_2025-72)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nbcoverview-73)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Here's_what's_in_Trump's_'big,_beautiful,'_July_4,_2025-74)
The OBBBA has been criticized for limiting health insurance coverage and resulting in an upwards transfer of wealth.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:15-75)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-76) It is expected to add a total of \$3 trillion to the national debt of the United States by 2034, according to the [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Budget_Act,_July_5,_2025-72)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nbcoverview-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:15-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-77)
### Government shutdown in OctoberâNovember 2025
See also: [2025 United States federal government shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2025 United States federal government shutdown")
Because the Senate could not muster 60 votes per [filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster "Filibuster") rules, funding for non-essential services ended October 1, 2025. Throughout October and into November, Senate had 14 votes, all of which failed to reach the 60-vote threshold. The shutdown ended on November 12.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025-78)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025-79)
In early October, [Senate majority leader John Thune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thune "John Thune") said, "We have a majority of senators â 55 senators have already voted for this clean, short-term, nonpartisan CR," referring to a [continuing resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_resolution "Continuing resolution"). [Minority Leader Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") spoke from the floor of the Senate and said 70% of Americans supported keeping the same money for the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"), informally "Obamacare". In addition, Schumer claimed that a survey by [KFF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser_Family_Foundation "Kaiser Family Foundation") showed that 57% of [MAGA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA "MAGA") supporters also favored keeping the same money for Obamacare.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025-78)
The governments of 25 states sued the Trump administration regarding SNAP benefits ("food stamps") which were expected to run out on the first day of November. 1 out of 8 Americans rely on these benefits. SNAP stands for "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program."[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Detroit_Free_Press,_Nov_6,_2025-80) The administration says that they are prohibited by law from using the "contingency fund" for normal, operational expenses because this money is purposed for extraordinary events such as [Hurricane Melissa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Melissa "Hurricane Melissa"). The states suing say this both goes against the wording of the law and is a "dramatic change," pointing out that the contingency fund was used for SNAP benefits during the 2019 shutdown.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-81)
On October 31, a federal judge in Rhode Island cited the [Administrative Procedure Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act "Administrative Procedure Act") and temporarily ordered the Trump administration to continue SNAP funding. A second federal judge in Boston said the Trump administration's plan to stop SNAP funding during the shutdown was against the law, but did not order payments to resume.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_asked_court_to_'clarify'_SNAP_ruling,_Oct_31-82)
On November 7, [Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Ketanji_Brown_Jackson "Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson") temporarily froze the lower court order requiring full payment of SNAP.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-83) [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") stated, "at least nine states had already begun issuing SNAP benefits under the direction of the federal agency that operates SNAP," reportedly including California, Wisconsin, Kansas, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-84)
In early November, Trump called for ending the Senate's rule and tradition of the filibuster.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) On November 6, some Republican senators talked about making a "clean" Continuing Resolution one of the exceptions to the filibuster rule, but it's estimated that this change is unlikely.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
On November 9, the Senate achieved a 60-vote compromise of a "mini-bus" which will fund certain departments through next September and the rest of government through January 30. SNAP would be funded through September 2026. Senate Republicans agreed to have a vote on the Obamacare funding by the 2nd week of December. Eight Democrats voted with Republicans to end the shutdown.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-87) On November 12, the House passed the bill, 222 to 209. Trump then signed it into law.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-88) [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") said, "The moderates viewed the deal â after Republicans leaders refused Schumer's offer â as the best possible offer they could secure, arguing that continuing the shutdown would only inflict more pain without any hopes of a better deal." In addition, [Senator Tim Kaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Kaine "Tim Kaine") (D-[Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia "Virginia")) was won over by a new continuing resolution coming from the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") which reversed the October layoffs.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025-79)
### Government funding starting January 30, 2026
Main article: [2026 United States federal government shutdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdowns "2026 United States federal government shutdowns")
On January 8, 2026, the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") voted 397 - 28 for a three-bill package, known as a "minibus," which House and Senate negotiators had put forward earlier that week.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_House_approves_partial_funding_package,_Jan_8,_2026-89)
There was a partial shutdown from [January 31 till February 3, 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%E2%80%93February_2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdown#Shutdown "JanuaryâFebruary 2026 United States federal government shutdown"). On February 3, the House passed and President Trump signed the Senate version to fund the United States government through September, which the exception of the [Department of Homeland Security (DHS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security "United States Department of Homeland Security") only being funding through February 13. This is the result of disagreement between Democrats and Republicans over how to move forward from the [situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Minneapolis).[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Trump_signs_bill_to_end_government_shutdown,_Feb_3,_2026-90)
In the end, 21 House Democrats had voted for the funding bill and 21 House Republicans had voted against it.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-91)
### DHS partial shutdown starting February 14, 2026
A partial shutdown of the Department of Homeland Security began on Saturday, February 14, 2026. Most of the government employees affected will be expected to keep working, but their paychecks may be delayed depending on the length of the shutdown. This affects the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Coast Guard, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92)
The disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress pertains most recently to the [situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Minneapolis) and more generally to immigration enforcement policies and actions by the Trump administration.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92)
Democrats are asking for judicial warrants before agents can enter private property, a ban on ICE agents wearing face masks, the mandatory use of body cams, and new laws for use-of-force standards.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92) In fact, both President Trump and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem have spoken in favor of body cams starting in Minneapolis and going nationwide as funding becomes available.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026-93)
### Trade and tariffs
Main article: [Tariffs in the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_between_Ursula_von_der_Leyen,_President_of_the_EC,_and_Donald_Trump,_President_of_the_United_States_-_2025_\(1\).jpg)
Trump with [European Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II "Von der Leyen Commission II") president [Ursula von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") in Scotland on the day of the signing of the US-EU trade agreement, July 27, 2025
Trump has been a strong proponent of tariffs both during his campaign and as president.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-94)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-95) Throughout the first 100 days of his presidency, he implemented tariffs on multiple different countries, though mainly China, Mexico, and Canada, leading to retaliation.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-96)
On April 2, 2025, a day Trump nicknamed "[Liberation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day "Liberation Day")", he announced a 10% universal import duty on all goods brought into the US (even higher for some trade partners), before ordering a 90-day pause shortly after drops in the market.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-97)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-98) The Trump administration promised it would achieve 90 trade deals during this period, though only managed to achieve two by the end of the deadline, July 9, as well as ongoing negotiations with China, extending the window until August 1.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-99) Trump threatened to raise tariffs on multiple countries after the first deadline was met, including Japan and South Korea.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-100)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Manufacturing_activity_monthly_\(US\).svg)
Upon imposing the highest U.S. tariffs since the Great Depression (called "Liberation Day" in April 2025), Trump claimed that "jobs and factories will come roaring back". However, manufacturing employment declined every month for the rest of the year.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20260115-101)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Consumer_Price_Index_-_monthly.svg)
Though Trump claimed in December 2025 that "[inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation "Inflation") has stopped", the [consumer price index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index_in_the_United_States "Consumer price index in the United States") (CPI) began increasing in the months following his April 2025 announcement of tariffs.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_CPI_20251211-102)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_US_farm_product_exports_to_China.svg)
Trump asserted tariffs on Chinese goods in February and April 2025, igniting a trade war that injected uncertainty as China turned to other sources.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Grist_20260121-103)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_US_Dollar_Index.svg)
In January 2026, the US dollar reached its lowest point in four years.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-FRED_202601-104) A lower dollar makes US goods less expensive abroad, but it also makes foreign products more expensive in the US and thus tends to increase inflation.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_20260127-105)
#### Immediate impact on market
Tariffs were primarily absorbed by importers by compressing profit margins. Oxford Economics estimated that tariffs contributed about 0.4 percentage points to the 2025 September [Consumer Price Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index "Consumer price index")'s annual rate of 3.0%, keeping inflation above the Federal Reserve's target. Corporate earnings were significantly affected, with global companies reporting more than \$35 billion in tariff-related costs ahead of the third-quarter earnings season.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-106)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TSMC_CC_Wei_and_Trump_2025.png)
TSMC chairman and CEO [C. C. Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._C._Wei_\(business_executive\) "C. C. Wei (business executive)") standing next to President Trump and [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick"), announcing that TSMC is planning to invest in the U.S., March 3, 2025
#### Supreme Court hears IEEPA tariff case
On August 29, 2025, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled 7-4 that many of the Trump tariffs were invalid. The Appeals Court had ruled that the [International Emergency Economic Powers Act (1977)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act "International Emergency Economic Powers Act"), did not grant the broad powers which the Trump administration was claiming. This decision did not affect some specific tariffs, such as steel or aluminum which were increased under other presidential authority.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_US_court_rules_many,_August_29,_2025-107)
On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court decided in *[Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Resources,_Inc._v._Trump "Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump")* that the IEEPA did not authorise the president to impose tariffs. All tariffs imposed under IEEPA were struck down.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn_decision-108)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-109)
#### China
On May 12, the United States and China announced that tariffs would be reduced for a period of 90 days. U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods would be reduced from 145% to 30% and Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods would be reduced from 125% to 10%.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Trump_says_US-China_relations_'reset,'_May_12,_2025-110)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Dow_closes_up_1,160_points,_May_12,_2025-111) However, this 30% is still more expensive for consumers in the United States compared to the state of affairs before Trump's initial tariffs.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_News,_Dow_adds_1,100_points,_May_12,_2025-112)
On August 11, 2025, this deal was extended for another 90 days.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_delays_China_tariff_hike_for_another_90_days,_August_11,_2025-113)
#### EU
On July 27, 2025, the United States and the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") concluded a trade agreement, providing for 15% tariffs on European exports. The deal was announced by Trump and President of the European Commission [Ursula von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") at [Turnberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Turnberry "Trump Turnberry"), Scotland.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:6-114)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-115) European states committed to \$750 billion in [energy purchases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States "Energy policy of the United States") and \$600 billion in additional investments in the United States.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-116)
#### Middle East
From May 13 to 16, 2025, Donald Trump undertook a [four-day visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East"), focused primarily on securing business deals and investments in the United States.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-117)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-118)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)
### Trump calls for 10% cap on credit card interest
In early January 2026, President Trump called for capping credit card interest at 10%. [Bankrate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankrate "Bankrate") reported at the time that the average credit card interest rate was over 19%.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026-121)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump's_affordability_pledge,_Jan_16,_2026-122)
However, Wall Street analysts say that such a cap would require legislation from Congress which they estimate has "slim odds" of passing, and that this might hurt the overall economy since consumer spending is a major driver.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026-121)
### Proposals for housing affordability
In January 2026, Trump proposed several actions and policies to make housing more affordable. These included the banning of "large institutional investors" from buying single-family homes, buying up to \$200 billion of mortgage debt in order to reduce mortgage interest rates \[already started earlier in the month\], making 50-year mortgages available, making portable mortgages available, and allowing homebuyers to use their 401(k)s plans for down payments.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
Critics say [the housing shortage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_crisis_in_the_United_States "Housing crisis in the United States") is the number one reason for higher prices and that addressing this shortage will take a number of state and local actions. Critics also say that making portable mortgages available would give existing home-owners an even bigger advantage over first-time buyers.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
In January 2026, Trump announced that he had ordered [Fannie Mae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae "Fannie Mae") and [Freddie Mac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mac "Freddie Mac") to buy up to \$200 billion in mortgage-backed bonds to drive down interest rates for new mortgages. The interest rates have since fallen.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
## Domestic policy
Main article: [Domestic policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration")
### Abortion
In April 2024, former president Trump had declared that [abortion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States "Abortion in the United States") should be delegated to states.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-124)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-125) He said he would not sign a federal ban and criticized the [Arizona Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Supreme_Court "Arizona Supreme Court")'s ruling in *[Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_Parenthood_Arizona_v._Mayes "Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes")* (2024), which upheld an 1864 law.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-126)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-127)
The [Alabama Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Supreme_Court "Alabama Supreme Court") ruled in *[LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LePage_v._Center_for_Reproductive_Medicine "LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine")* (2024) that [frozen embryos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_cryopreservation "Embryo cryopreservation") are living beings. In contrast, Trump positioned himself in favor of [in vitro fertilisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation "In vitro fertilisation") (IVF).[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-128)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:9-129)
In January 2025, Trump reinstated the [Mexico City policy ("global gag rule")](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City_Policy "Mexico City Policy"), which had been rescinded by the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"). Since the 1980s, this rule has been put in place during Republican administrations and rescinded during Democratic administrations.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)
In May 2025, in a case involving [telehealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telehealth "Telehealth") prescriptions and the abortion-drug [Mifepristone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone "Mifepristone"), the Trump administration asked the court to dismiss the case, arguing that the states involve did not have [standing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_\(law\) "Standing (law)"). This case was *Missouri v. FDA* brought before [federal judge Matthew Kacsmaryk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Kacsmaryk "Matthew Kacsmaryk") in the [Northern District of Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_District_of_Texas "Northern District of Texas"). The states involved were Missouri, Idaho, and Kansas.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-131)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-132)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-133)
In June 2025, the [Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services") ended the rule which required hospitals to provide emergency abortions under the [Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Treatment_and_Active_Labor_Act "Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-134)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-135)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-136)
In October 2025, the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration") approved a generic version of the abortion pill [mifepristone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone "Mifepristone"), allowing three U.S. companies to produce it and expanding access to medication abortion. The administration has not implemented major new restrictions on medication abortion, although [Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services") officials announced a review of mifepristone's safety in response to pressure from opponents.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-137)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-138)
### Anti-LGBTQ+ policies
Main article: [Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration")
During his second presidency beginning in 2025, Donald Trump launched a campaign of anti-LGBTQ+ and especially [anti-transgender policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") that eliminated federal recognition of transgender people, stripped legal protections, and sought to erase trans identities from public life.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto1-139) Through [a series of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration#Executive_Orders "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration"), the administration defined sex strictly by birth biology, banned trans people from the military,[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-140) restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare, censored research and education materials,[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-141) and targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting "[gender ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_ideology "Gender ideology")". Additional measures barred transgender athletes from sports, limited passport access,[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-142) and fueled international efforts to undermine trans rights. Accompanied by rhetoric portraying transgender people as a societal threat, these policies triggered widespread legal challenges, condemnation from human rights groups, and a surge in emigration and asylum claims by transgender Americans.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto1-139)
### Environmental and energy policy
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20201211_Billion_dollar_events_related_to_climate_change_-_U.S._-en.svg)
In May 2025, [NOAA/NCEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration") in the Trump administration indicated that it would no longer assemble the data that forms the basis of this chart.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143) NOAA/NCEI has access to non-public data, so that any private databases would be more limited in scope.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143)
Within hours of his January 2025 inauguration, Trump signed an executive order withdrawing the country from the 2015 [Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement"), joining only Iran, Libya and Yemen as the only countries not party to the agreement.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250120-144) The same day, Trump issued [Executive Order 14154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14154 "Executive Order 14154"), "Unleashing American Energy", which included pausing funding for the [Inflation Reduction Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act "Inflation Reduction Act"),[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-145) introducing uncertainty as to the [energy transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transition "Energy transition").[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-146) His administration soon renewed a practice from his first term: removing mentions of climate change across numerous federal government websites that had been reinstated during Joe Biden's intervening term.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250204-147) In April, Trump dismissed the scientists and experts who compile the [National Climate Assessments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Climate_Assessment "National Climate Assessment") (NCAs) that are required by Congress, the next assessment having been planned for 2028.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250428-148) The [globalchange.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program "U.S. Global Change Research Program") websiteâestablished in 1990 to host legislatively mandated reports such as the NCAsâwas taken down altogether at the end of June.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250701-149)
In May 2025, [NOAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration") said that its [National Centers for Environmental Information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information "National Centers for Environmental Information") would no longer update its [Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20201211_Billion_dollar_events_related_to_climate_change_-_U.S._-en.svg "File:20201211 Billion dollar events related to climate change - U.S. -en.svg") database beyond 2024, and that its informationâgoing as far back as 1980âwould be archived.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143) In July, the chief administrator of the [Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency "United States Environmental Protection Agency") announced rescinding of the 2009 [endangerment finding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act#Endangerment "Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act"), which concluded that planet-warming [greenhouse gases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas "Greenhouse gas") pose a threat to public health.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250725-150) (The endangerment finding is the [scientific determination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatology "Climatology") that underpins the federal government's legal authority to [combat climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation "Climate change mitigation").[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250725-150)) In concurrence with the attempt to rollback the endangerment finding, Trump's [Department of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy "United States Department of Energy") released an assessment titled *[A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Critical_Review_of_Impacts_of_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_on_the_U.S._Climate "A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate")*. The report was assembled by five climate science contrarians and was heavily criticized for cherry-picked evidence, falsehoods, and distortions.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-151)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-152) The Union of Concerned Scientists called it "deeply flawed \[and\] anti-science." Climate scientist Andrew Dessler called it "a mockery of science."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-153) On February 12, 2026, the [EPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency "United States Environmental Protection Agency") formally rescinded the [Endangerment Finding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act "Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act").[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20260212-154)
In August 2025, the [Bureau of Land Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management "Bureau of Land Management") initiated a review of offshore wind energy regulations and revised its rules to favor fossil fuel production over renewables.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
On September 23, 2025, [Trump told the United Nations General Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_at_the_United_Nations "2025 Donald Trump speech at the United Nations") that climate change is "the greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world", that scientific [predictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change "Scientific consensus on climate change") "were made by stupid people", and that renewable energy is a "scam".[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-TrumpUN_20250923-156)
In October 2025, the US used trade and visa threats to sabotage an agreement for cleaner international shipping at the [International Maritime Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization "International Maritime Organization").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
In December 2025, Russel Vought announced plans to dismantle the [National Center for Atmospheric Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research "National Center for Atmospheric Research").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
The Department of Energy issued several emergency orders in 2025 directing coal power plants to continue operating. The cost to ratepayers to maintain and run these aging plants was estimated at \$3 billion per year.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-157)
On January 7, 2026, Trump announced that the United States would be withdrawing from the 1992 [United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change") (UNFCC), the UN's [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change") (IPCC), and 65 other international organizationsâalleging the treaties "no longer serve American interests".[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260107-158) The next day, Trump's administration announced that the country would be withdrawing from the [Green Climate Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund "Green Climate Fund"), which since 2010 has provided funds to help poorer nations deal with the effects of climate change.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_20260108-159)
On January 14, 2026, the EPA revised its regulations on air pollution so as to no longer consider the dollar value of pollution's impact on human health when determining acceptable levels of polluted air for public health.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-160)
#### Nuclear power
The Trump administration has sought to drastically expand the US's nuclear power generation, setting a goal to quadruple it by 2050. The administration seeks to revive production at decommissioned plants, such as the plant at [Three Mile Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_Nuclear_Generating_Station "Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station") in Pennsylvania. It also seeks to promote the construction of new [small modular reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor "Small modular reactor"). The administration considers nuclear power generation a strategic priority because of its potential use in powering data centers needed to compete in the international AI development race. Experts are divided on the feasibility of Trump's nuclear power goals, with many expressing skepticism that they can be reached due to the high cost of nuclear power generation, while others say the conditions for financing nuclear power are relatively favorable. Despite efforts to increase nuclear power generation, data centers have led to steep increases in the cost of power in some communities, prompting local backlash.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-161)
### Deployment of federal forces, and potential deployment
Main article: [2025 deployment of federal forces in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States "2025 deployment of federal forces in the United States")
| | |
|---|---|
|  | This section needs to be **updated**. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. *(November 2025)* |
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250811AM-0326_President_Donald_Trump_holds_a_press_conference.jpg)
Trump and FBI Director [Kash Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash_Patel "Kash Patel") (far right) in a press conference on [crime in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Washington,_D.C. "Crime in Washington, D.C.") in August 2025
#### Los Angeles
During the [June 2025 Los Angeles protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests_against_mass_deportation "June 2025 Los Angeles protests against mass deportation") against local immigration raids, against the wishes of the governor of California and the mayor of Los Angeles, Trump federalized the California National Guard and deployed them to Los Angeles along with 700 [Marines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps").
#### Washington, D.C.
[Declaring a crime emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") in August 2025, the Trump administration deployed 2,000 National Guard soldiers to [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.")[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-162) The administration also federalized the [D.C. Metropolitan Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") for 30 days. The increased presence was mainly used in tourist areas instead of high-crime areas.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-163)
#### Memphis, Tennessee
In September 2025, Trump announced the deployment of national guardsmen to [Memphis, Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee "Memphis, Tennessee"), saying that the city "is deeply troubled."[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-165) Their presence in Memphis started on October 1. U.S. attorney general [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") said in a social media post that the [Memphis Safe Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Safe_Task_Force "Memphis Safe Task Force") has made more than 50 arrests over two days. Tennessee governor [Bill Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Lee_\(Tennessee_politician\) "Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)") indicated that he believed that any deployment of National Guard troops would include no more than 150 unarmed personnel.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-166)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-167)
#### Chicago
Trump has repeatedly singled out Chicago as "next," calling it a "mess" and claiming residents are "screaming" for federal intervention.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-168) No formal request has been made by Illinois officials, and crime data shows a decline.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-169) As reported by [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC"), Chicago has had a declining homicide rate with 19 homicides per 100,000 persons in 2023 and 17 per 100,000 in 2024.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Chicago's_crime_levels,_5_Sept_2025-170)
On September 6, Trump threatened "*[Apocalypse Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_Now "Apocalypse Now")*"-style action against Chicago, writing "I love the smell of deportations in the morning" amid an AI-generated picture of himself as Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore in front of a burning Chicago skyline with helicopters and that "Chicago \[is\] about to find out why it's called the Department of WAR". The post was criticized by local elected leaders, with governor of Illinois [JB Pritzker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JB_Pritzker "JB Pritzker") writing, "The President of the United States is threatening to go to war with an American city. This is not a joke. This is not normal."[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-171)
On Sunday September 28, [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol "U.S. Border Patrol") and [Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement "United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement") agents with automatic weapons and full combat gear patrolled high-visibility tourist areas in [Downtown Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Loop "Chicago Loop"). Federal officers repeatedly fired chemicals at a crowd of 100 protesters after some of this crowd attempted to block a car from driving down a street toward the ICE building.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-172)
On October 7, [Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Johnson "Brandon Johnson") said, "We do know that much like what we've seen in other parts of the country, there is a process that the National Guard goes through before they're actually released into the streets of Chicago or anywhere."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Texas_National_Guard_headed_to_Illinois,_Oct_7,_2025-173)
On October 9, a federal judge issued a restraining order against the use of National Guard soldiers in Illinois through October 23.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_judge_temporarily_blocks,_Oct_9,_2025-174) In mid-October, the [U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit "United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit") upheld this pause on deployment, but also upheld the federalization.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Trump_asks_Supreme_Court_to_allow_deployment,_Oct_17,_2025-175)
On October 17, the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to review this decision.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-176)
#### Portland, Oregon
On October 5, a federal judge whom Trump had appointed issued a temporary restraining order against the deployment of the National Guard in Portland, Oregon. This restraining order was effective through October 19. [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC") summarized the judge's rationale as being that "the use of the military to quell unrest without Oregon's consent risked the sovereignty of that state and others, and inflamed tensions in the city of Portland."[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Judge_blocks_Trump,_Oct_6,_2025-177)
On October 20, a three-judge panel for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the [9th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Circuit "9th Circuit") ruled 2-1 that the Trump administration can go forward with deploying National Guard soldiers in Portland. This conflicts with the decision of U.S. Court of Appeals for the [7th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Circuit "7th Circuit") for Chicago.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Appeals_court,_Oct_20-178)
#### New Orleans
This case is different because Louisiana governor [Jeff Landry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Landry "Jeff Landry") has requested the National Guard for large upcoming events: the [Bayou Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou_Classic "Bayou Classic") college football event November 27â29, New Year Eve and Day celebrations, and Mardi Gras celebrations in February. The New Orleans police superintendent said, "We are working together and planning their deployment". New Orleans had been the site of the [January 1, 2025, terrorism attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_New_Orleans_truck_attack "2025 New Orleans truck attack") in which 14 persons lost their lives and at least 57 persons were injured.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_expected_in_New_Orleans,_Oct_21-179)
#### Minneapolis
Main article: [Operation Metro Surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Metro_Surge "Operation Metro Surge")
In early January 2026, federal agents [shot and killed Renee Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good"). On January 24, federal agents [shot and killed Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti"). The Department of Homeland Security said the agent acted in self-defense after attempting to disarm Pretti. However, video shows him holding a cell phone.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Border_Patrol_kills_Alex_Pretti,_Jan_25,_2026-180)
On January 26, President Trump and [Minnesota Governor Tim Walz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Walz "Tim Walz") talked by phone, in a call which Walz described as "productive" and Trump described as "on a similar wavelength." A top official with the [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol"), along with some agents, will be leaving Minnesota. [Homeland Security Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") will be traveling to Minnesota.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_possible_thaw,_Trump_and_Minnesota's_governor_talk,_Jan_26,_2026-181)
On February 2, 2026, Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem announced that all immigration officers in Minneapolis will begin wearing body cams (and nationwide as funding becomes available). Also on February 2, President Trump said that body cams "generally tend to be good for law enforcement because people can't lie about what's happening."[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026-93)
#### Troop deployments to U.S. cities cost \$496 million in 2025
The [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office"), provided this estimate when requested by Senate Democrats. Deployments to five American cities â Los Angeles, Portland (Oregon), Chicago, Memphis, and Washington, DC â cost approximately \$496 million from June through the end of December. Even in cities of Portland, Oregon, and Chicago, Illinois, in which National Guard soldiers were prevented from assisting law enforcement due to court order, the stand-by status still largely cost the same amount of money.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_cost_nearly_half_a_billion_dollars,_Jan_29,_2026-182)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump's_National_Guard_deployments_have_cost,_Jan_29,_2026-183)
### FEMA
In April, the [Federal Emergency Management Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency "Federal Emergency Management Agency") denied an extension of benefits for areas in Georgia and North Carolina which had been hit by [Hurricane Helene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Helene "Hurricane Helene") in September 2024.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek,_Trump_denies_FEMA_aid_extension,_April_12,_2025-184)
Tornadoes hit parts the state of Mississippi in March and a major disaster declaration by the federal government took more than two months, even at the request of Republican governor [Tate Reeves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_Reeves "Tate Reeves") of Mississippi.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_While_Trump_overhauls_FEMA,_May_20,_2025-185) On May 23, the Trump administration approved disaster aid for areas within 8 states including Mississippi, as well as Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Trump_approves_FEMA_disaster_relief_for_8_states,_May_23,_2025-186)
### Health policy
See also: [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention § Second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention#Second_Trump_administration "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention")
Trump and his administration's [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") agenda promoted various [anti-science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-science "Anti-science") and [anti-vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") claims, which led to a resurgence of whooping cough and measles. They alleged they were working against [Big Pharma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry "Pharmaceutical industry").[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-187)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-188)
On November 14, Trump announced that he would nominate [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") for Health and Human Services Secretary. This was controversial given Kennedy's repeated endorsement of [anti-vaccine conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_conspiracy_theories "Anti-vaccine conspiracy theories"). The director of the [American Public Health Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Public_Health_Association "American Public Health Association"), America's largest organization of public health professionals, said, "He is not competent by training, management skills, temperament or trust to have this job."[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-189)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Trump_with_RFK,_Jr.,_December_2024-190)
On February 18, Trump signed an executive order calling for the policy recommendations for reducing the out-of-pocket costs of [In Vitro Fertilisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation "In vitro fertilisation").[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:9-129)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-191) On February 25, Trump signed an executive order to improve healthcare cost transparency.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-192)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250716MR-0146_President_Donald_Trump_attends_a_signing_ceremony_for_the_HALT_Fentanyl_Act.jpg)
Trump with families of [overdose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_overdose "Drug overdose") victims after signing the HALT Fentanyl Act, July 16, 2025
By late April, the Trump administration had placed on leave and then temporarily rehired federal employees in the NIOSH, or National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, who had been involved in monitoring for black lung disease.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_'I_want_to_live':_Coal_miners_speak,_April_29,_2025-193)
On June 9, Kennedy fired all 17 members of the [Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices"). He claimed that it "has become little more than a rubber stamp for any vaccine." [Senator Bill Cassidy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cassidy "Bill Cassidy"), a medical doctor, said "now the fear is that the ACIP will be filled up with people who know nothing about vaccines except suspicion." These firings came before a scheduled June 25 meeting in which the committee was expected to issue new recommendations for vaccines including COVID-19.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_RFK_Jr._removes_every_member_of_CDC_vaccine_advisory_committee,_June_9,_2025-194)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_RFK_Jr_sacks_entire_US_vaccine_committee,_June_10,_2025-195)
See also: [2025 United States government online resource removals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_online_resource_removals "2025 United States government online resource removals")
In late January, several CDC websites, pages, and datasets related to HIV and STI prevention, and LGBT and youth health [became unavailable for viewing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_data_removals "2025 United States government data removals").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-196)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-197)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Faust-198)
In mid-February, around 1,300 CDC employees were laid off.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-199) In April, it was reported that among the reductions were the elimination of the Freedom of Information Act team, the Division of Violence Prevention, labs involved in testing for antibiotic resistance, and the team responsible for recalls of hazardous infant products. Additional cuts affected the technology branch of the Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics, which was established during the COVID-19 pandemic.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sdfsadfg-200)
On June 25, 2025, Kennedy announced that the U.S. was stopping its donations to the Gavi vaccine alliance, until Gavi can better demonstrate vaccine safety.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Kennedy_says_US_is_pulling_funding,_June_26,_2025-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_RFK_Jr.'s_halt_to_U.S._funding,_June_26,_2025-202) The United States had been providing approximately 13 percent of Gavi's budget.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_RFK_Jr_will_be_'personally_responsible',_June_26,_2025-203)
On August 5, 2025, Secretary Kennedy announced that he was stopping 22 vaccine projects using mRNA technology, including Covid, RSV, and bird flu. A critic of this funding halt pointed out that mRNA vaccines have the potential for faster roll-out.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_RFK_Jr._pulls_$500_million,_August_5,_2025-204)
On December 5, 2025, it was no longer systematically recommended for newborns of mothers having never gotten [Hepatitis B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B "Hepatitis B") to get vaccinated against this infection. The memos sparked indignation among most health experts.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-206)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-207)
On February 24, 2026, more than a dozen U.S. states led by Democratic attorneys general filed a federal lawsuit against the Trump administration and its Department of Health and Human Services, challenging changes to the childhood vaccination schedule that reduced the number of routinely recommended immunisations and shifted some to âshared clinical decision-making.â[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-208)
#### 2025 CDC leadership dispute
On May 14, 2025, [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") stated that lawyer Matthew Buzzelli is acting CDC director, though the CDC web site did not list that name.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-faust-209)[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-faust2-210)
[Susan Monarez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Monarez "Susan Monarez") was confirmed as CDC head on July 31, 2025, but on August 27, she was fired. Monarez disputed the legality of the firing, as it had not been carried out by the president, and it had been falsely reported that she had resigned. The president later officially carried out the firing.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-211) The firing was due to her refusing to rubber stamp what were expected to be unscientific recommendations from the senior staff vaccine experts, as well as refusing to fire them. The dispute began over demands from Kennedy and his top staff for changing the recommendation for COVID vaccine to persons with higher-risk conditions and senior citizens only. The official recommendation also affects insurance coverage and whether vaccines are available in pharmacies. Senator Bill Cassidy called for the next meeting of the [Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices") to be postponed. He said, "Serious allegations have been made about the meeting agenda, membership, and lack of scientific process being followed for the now announced September ACIP meeting. These decisions directly impact children's health and the meeting should not occur until significant oversight has been conducted."[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_standoff_over_Monarez_firing,_August_28,_2025-212)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-213) The next day, the Trump administration announced the selection of Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services [Jim O'Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_O%27Neill_\(investor\) "Jim O'Neill (investor)") as a replacement.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-214)
Following news of Monarez's ouster, at least four other CDC senior officials announced their resignations:[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnbc-27aug2025-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-th-27aug2025-216)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guard-28aug2025-2-217)
- [Debra Houry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Houry "Debra Houry"), Chief Medical Officer
- [Demetre Daskalakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetre_Daskalakis "Demetre Daskalakis"), Director of the [National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Immunization_and_Respiratory_Diseases "National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases")
- Daniel Jernigan, Director of the [National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Emerging_and_Zoonotic_Infectious_Diseases "National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases")
- [Jennifer Layden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Layden "Jennifer Layden"), Director of the Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, which contains the [National Center for Health Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics "National Center for Health Statistics")
Dozens of CDC employees walked out of headquarters and protested in support of Monarez and the departing officials.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-218)
#### Claims about autism
See also: [False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term) § Press conference about autism, Tylenol, and vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\)#Press_conference_about_autism,_Tylenol,_and_vaccines "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)")
On September 22, 2025, Trump and other U.S. Department of Human Service officials delivered speeches issuing a major agenda for combating [autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism "Autism"). Warnings were for doctors not to recommend during pregnancy the pain- and fever-reducer [acetaminophen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen "Acetaminophen"), which is commonly used as an ingredient in [Tylenol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylenol#Questions_about_safety_during_pregnancy "Tylenol").[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219)[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025credibility-220) These warnings were issued in spite of the fact that medical experts have found no link between autism and this ingredient, with autism generally established to be a result of complex neurological factors.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-221)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_and_RFK_Jr,_Sept_22,_2025-222) *[Scientific American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_American "Scientific American")* has reported that fever itself in the second \[2nd\] trimester is a risk factor for autism, and therefore the claims made by the Trump administration are counter-productive.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Scientific_American,_RFK,_Jr.,_Is_Wrong_about_Cause,_April_17,_2025-223)
Also on September 22, Trump also spoke in favor of and the [FDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA "FDA") approved the use of the chemotherapy drug [leucovorin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucovorin "Leucovorin") to also help alleviate the symptoms of autism.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219) However, the justification for this approval was based on limited evidence.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025credibility-220) A [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") contributor said, "Not all children with autism have this defect, so there's a test you can do to assess whether that's what's at play. For those kids, leucovorin has been shown to help, particularly with speech, getting kids to be more verbal than they were before."[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_and_RFK_Jr,_Sept_22,_2025-222) The [National Institute of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Health "National Institute of Health") (NIH) was also granted \$50 million in funding for 13 projects to help transform autism research through the proposed Autism Data Science Initiative.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219)
Two-thirds of the increase in autism are estimated by an April 2025 *Scientific American* article to be due to better diagnosis and the desire of parents and schools to get started with early intervention. However, this same article estimates that one-third is due to an actual increase in autism from a variety of factors such as mothers in richer countries being older on average at childbirth, the ability to keep more premature children alive and healthy, and small-particle air pollution during the 3rd trimester which can cause an inflammatory response.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Scientific_American,_RFK,_Jr.,_Is_Wrong_about_Cause,_April_17,_2025-223)
On October 9, 2025, Trump and U.S. secretary of health and human services [Robert Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_Jr. "Robert Kennedy Jr.") alleged a link between autism and [circumcisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcisions "Circumcisions").[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-224)[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-rfjrcircumsicisionautism-225) Kennedy cited a 2015 [Danish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark "Denmark") study to justify this claim.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-226) The validity of Kennedy's assertion about circumcisions being linked to autism has also been challenged by scientists and medical experts.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-rfjrcircumsicisionautism-225)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-227)
#### Prescription drug prices
In December 2025, President Trump announced a deal in which nine major pharmaceutical companies will in 2026 begin offering "Most Favored Nation" pricing to state Medicaid programs. In return, the companies will receive a reduction in tariffs for three years. This announcement brings the total to 14 out of the 17 largest pharmaceutical manufacturers agreeing to this deal, leaving AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, and Regeneron as the major holdouts. In 2026, the Trump administration plans to start a website named TrumpRx which will not sell drugs directly, but will give patients information and links on pricing. Trump officials said the deal also included more than \$150 billion for new investment within the U.S. In addition, several of the companies will be donating pharmaceutical ingredients to the [Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Active_Pharmaceutical_Ingredients_Reserve "Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve").[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_deals_on_prescription_pricing,_Dec_19,_2025-228)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_deals_w/_pharmacy_companies,_Dec_19,_2025-229)
Senior citizens on [Medicare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_\(United_States\) "Medicare (United States)") will see lower prices in 2026 from the first negotiated prices going into effect from the [Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act "Inflation Reduction Act") signed in 2022 by [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"). This includes [blood thinners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant "Anticoagulant") such as Eliquis and Xarelto and [diabetes drugs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication "Diabetes medication") such as Jardiance and Januvia. However, a negative feature of the Inflation Adjustment Act is, that since it penalizes year-to-year increases in drug prices, drug companies have responded by setting higher starting prices. One study found that "launch prices" for new drugs became approximately 50% higher over the three-year period from 2022 to 2024 (inclusive), with an expert saying this practice is likely to continue until it receives a policy response.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_2022's_Inflation_Reduction_Act_interplay,_Dec_25,_2025-230)
#### Subsidies for Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")
On January 8, 2026, the [House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress#House_party_summary "119th United States Congress") voted 230â196 to extend the higher [Biden-era](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden#Infrastructure_and_climate "Joe Biden") subsidies for another three years. Without this extension, it's estimated that monthly premiums will double for many persons who are signed up for the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"). One House Republican said, "I am voting in favor of this discharge and of this legislation to send it to the Senate, so that the Senate will have the opportunity to put forth a reform package that can pass Congress and become law."[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_8_Jan_2026,_House_votes_to_extend_ACA_higher_subsidies-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_17_House_Republicans_vote_with_Democrats_to_extend_Obamacare_subsidies,_Jan_8,_2026-232)
### Immigration
Main articles: [Immigration policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") and [Deportation in the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration")
See also: [MexicoâUnited States border crisis § Second Trump administration (2025âpresent)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis#Second_Trump_administration_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "MexicoâUnited States border crisis"), [MexicoâUnited States border wall § Second Trump administration (2025âpresent)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_wall#Second_Trump_administration_\(2025%E2%80%93present\) "MexicoâUnited States border wall"), and [Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration § Detention of activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_and_deportation_controversies_in_the_second_Trump_administration#Detention_of_activists "Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_Secretary_Kristi_Noem.jpg)
[Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem"), [Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security")
President-elect Trump stated his intentions to revive the [immigration policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") from his first presidency, including a [travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_travel_ban "Trump travel ban") on refugees from [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran "Iran"), [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq "Iraq"), [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya "Libya"), [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia "Somalia"), [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan "Sudan"), [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria "Syria"), and [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen "Yemen"). Other policies included [expulsion of asylum seekers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_42_expulsion "Title 42 expulsion") by asserting that they carry [infectious diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseases "Infectious diseases"), deputization of [police officers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officers "Police officers") and soldiers to assist in mass [deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation "Deportation"), and the establishment of sprawling [detention camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment "Internment").[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-233) Trump said "there is no price tag" to carry out these deportations.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-234) On November 10, 2024, Trump announced that [Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") would be "[border czar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_czar "Border czar")".[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collins-2024-235)
While border crossings reached record highs during the first half of the Biden presidency, they fell to lower levels near the end of his term, then dropped even further at the start of Trump's presidency.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-236)[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-237)
Shortly after he became president on January 20, 2025, the Trump administration ended services for the app of [CBP One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBP_One "CBP One"), reinstated the [national emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emergency "National emergency") at the [southern border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border "MexicoâUnited States border"), ordered the armed forces to draft plans for deployment,[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-238)[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-239) and began the steps towards labeling Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-240) Trump increased deportation authorities for the [Drug Enforcement Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration "Drug Enforcement Administration"), the [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"), and the [Marshals Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service "United States Marshals Service").[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-241)
He gave ICE the power to deport immigrants who had come to the United States legally under [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration "Biden administration") programs,[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-242) and established daily deportation quotas to ICE offices.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-243)
Trump also signed an [executive order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") attempting to end [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States") for children of unauthorized immigrants as well as immigrants legally but temporarily present in the United States. At least nine lawsuits have been filed challenging the order on constitutional grounds, and as of February 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump&action=edit), four federal judges have issued preliminary injunctions blocking its implementation and enforcement nationwide.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:2-244)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:1-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-246) On June 27, the Supreme Court limited the ability of individual District Judges to issue injunctions against executive actions, meaning to pause executive action. The Supreme Court did not rule on the merits of birthright citizenship. District Judges can still issue injunctions in limited circumstances, such as for persons directly involved in a class action lawsuit.[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Supreme_Court,_June_27,_2025-247)
On January 22, 2025, Trump ended the policy from 2011 which prohibited immigration arrests in sensitive areas such as courthouses, schools, churches, and hospitals, or during funerals and weddings.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-248) NPR reported that a "growing number" of Democrat and Republican officials in cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments stated they would not assist in migrant raids citing public safety, civil rights, and administrative capability concerns.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-249) On January 29, Trump signed the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") into law, the first legislation of his second term.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-250)[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto-251) On the same day, he signed a presidential memorandum to begin expansion of the [Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center "Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center") to house up to 30,000 migrants under detention, separate from the high security military prison at Guantanamo Bay.
On February 6, [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol") chief [Michael W. Banks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Banks_\(law_enforcement_officer\) "Mike Banks (law enforcement officer)") claimed that illegal border crossings were already down almost 90% since Trump's inauguration, and that criminal prosecutions of those apprehended were up more than 50%.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOX20250206-252) On February 25, Trump announced that the US would launch "[Gold Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Gold_Card "Trump Gold Card")" residency permits for wealthy immigrants for a price of US\$5 million, with an estimated release near the end of March 2025.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-253) Trump deported 37,660 people during his first month in office.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-254)
In response to injunctions countering his deportations, Trump considered suspending [*habeas corpus*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus_in_the_United_States "Habeas corpus in the United States").[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-255) [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") in May 2025 said regarding immigration cases that "*habeas corpus* can be suspended in a time of invasion", and that the Trump administration was "actively looking at" carrying out such a suspension, depending on "whether the courts do the right thing or not"; [Article One of the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution "Article One of the United States Constitution") forbids such a suspension "unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it."[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-256)
On July 1, Trump toured a newly built facility in the Florida Everglades nicknamed "[Alligator Alcatraz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_Alcatraz "Alligator Alcatraz")". This facility is designed to keep 3,000 persons in detention.[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Trump_visits-257) On July 10, the Department of Health and Human Services announced they would be restricting undocumented immigrants from enrolling for [Head Start](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_Start_\(program\) "Head Start (program)"), a federally funded U.S. preschool program.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-258)
The administration announced on August 21, 2025, that it would be reviewing all 55 million visa holders in the United States.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-259)
In October 2025, the White House set a record-low refugee admissions cap of 7,500 for the 2026 fiscal year, primarily for white Afrikaners from South Africa.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
By December 2025, the Department of Homeland Security reported the deportation of over 605,000 individuals, while an additional 1.9 million people voluntarily left the country. This resulted in a net negative immigration flow in 2025, marking the first such occurrence in 50 years. According to [Brookings Institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Institution "Brookings Institution"), the net loss of immigrants ranged from 10,000 to 295,000 people.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
In January 2026, the U.S. suspended immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, citing concerns over potential financial burdens and a need to reassess immigration procedures to prevent reliance on public welfare.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
On February 2026, the Global Entry program that expedites U.S. Customs and Immigration clearance for pre-approved low-risk travelers was suspended to "preserve limited funds and personnel". However, the Trump administration reinstated it on March 11, 2026.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-261)
### Labor policy
#### Coal mining regulations
A rule from 2024 had been scheduled to go into effect in Spring of 2025 lowering the allowable silica dust from 100 to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air averaged over an 8-hour shift, with 50 being the standard already enforced by [OSHA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSHA "OSHA") in other industries. However, industry lawsuits delayed the rule in April 2025, and the Trump administration did not energetically defend the new standard. In addition, a group of seven Republicans in the [U.S. House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") led by [Tim Walberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Walberg "Tim Walberg") ([R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")\- [Michigan's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan "Michigan") [5th Congressional District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%27s_5th_congressional_district "Michigan's 5th congressional district")) signed a letter to the [Mine Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration "Mine Safety and Health Administration") saying the new rule ignored cheaper solutions such as job rotation.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
In 2018, [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health") reported that approximately one in five coal miners with at least 25 years' experience in central [Appalachia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachia "Appalachia") had [black lung disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_lung_disease "Black lung disease"). However, among 11,000 workers who sought chest X-rays from 2020 to 2025, approximately 55% had some form of black lung.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
[CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS "CBS") said, "Some angry retired miners with black lung are fighting back, demanding that President Donald Trump honor promises he made to the people who voted him in."[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
#### Mass federal layoffs and firings
Main article: [2025 United States federal mass layoffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs")
On February 13, Charles Ezell, acting director of the U.S. [Office of Personnel Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management "United States Office of Personnel Management"), signed a directive instructing federal agencies to dismiss probationary employeesâgenerally, federal workers who have held their jobs less than a year, or had been promoted into the [excepted service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excepted_service "Excepted service") during that time.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-263)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-264) Ezell told agencies to tell the fired employees that their performance was inadequate, and that they needed to cite no evidence.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-265)
As of May 12, 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump&action=edit), *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* tracked more than 58,000 confirmed cuts, more than 76,000 employee buyouts, and more than 149,000 other planned reductions; cuts total 12% of the 2.4 million civilian federal workers.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shao/NYT-266) As of July 14, 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump&action=edit), *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")* has tracked more than 128,000 workers laid off or targeted for layoffs.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN-tracker-267) The administration took back some layoffs such as for bird flu and nuclear safety.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes,_Feb_26,_2025-268)
In December 2025, the Office of Personnel Management launched the [United States Tech Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Tech_Force "United States Tech Force"), a two-year hiring initiative intended to recruit about 1,000 technologists (including AI engineers) for federal technology modernization projects across multiple agencies.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-269)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-270)
Trump oversaw mass firings of federal workers at various agencies, many of them described as breaking with precedent or federal law and with the intent to replace them with workers more aligned with Trump's agenda.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collinson_1282025-272)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_1282025-273)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-274) On January 24, 2025, less than a week into Trump's second presidency, he fired 17 independent [inspectors general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_\(United_States\) "Office of Inspector General (United States)") at federal agencies, which appeared to violate federal law that requires advance notice of dismissals to both chambers of congress with reasons given 30 days in advance.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-275) Trump also fired all Democratic but not Republican members of the [Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_and_Civil_Liberties_Oversight_Board "Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board"), which would prevent the board from meeting quorum and functioning.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_1252025-276) Trump also fired members of the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission"), [National Labor Relations Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board "National Labor Relations Board") and 56 senior officials at [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") for allegedly attempting to thwart his priorities.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)
##### Defense and military
President Trump fired over 160 members of the [National Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council "United States National Security Council") for not aligning with his agenda.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired [Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Kruse "Jeffrey Kruse") who had been the director of the [Defense Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency "Defense Intelligence Agency"), reportedly because his preliminary assessments regarding the June bombing of nuclear sites in Iran disagreed with President Trump's public address to the nation that the Iran nuclear program had been set back "basically decades." Also on August 22, [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") confirmed that [Rear Adm. Milton Sands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Sands_III "Milton Sands III"), who had served as commander of Navy Special Warfare, and [Vice Adm. Nancy Lacore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_S._Lacore "Nancy S. Lacore"), who had been the chief of the Navy Reserve, both had been fired. In addition, CBS News reported that [Maj. Gen. J. Patrick Work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Patrick_Work "J. Patrick Work"), commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division, had "recently" been pulled from a future role as deputy commander of [U.S. Central Command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Central_Command "United States Central Command").[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Three-star_general_Jeffrey_Kruse_ousted,_August_23,_2025-277)
Announced on October 4, [Secretary of Defense Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") fired Navy chief of staff [Jon Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Harrison_\(U.S._Navy\) "Jon Harrison (U.S. Navy)").[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-militarytimes,_Oct_4-278)
##### Firing of BLS director
See also: [False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term) § Firing of Erika McEntarfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\)#Firing_of_Erika_McEntarfer "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021-_Change_in_non-farm_employment_-_US.svg)
Trump fired BLS [director Erika McEntarfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_McEntarfer "Erika McEntarfer") soon after a downward revision to the July 2025 employment statistic, but subsequent months showed no net improvement over July's number.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BLS_EmploymentChange_20251228-68) In December 2025, Trump rated his economy as "A+++++".[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67)
In early August, the [Bureau of Labor Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics "Bureau of Labor Statistics") (BLS) revised their numbers for May from 125,000 new jobs to 19,000, and their June numbers from 147,000 new jobs to 14,000. The BLS frequently revises monthly jobs numbers, but typically not to this extent.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279) For the United States, unemployment is still low at 4.2%. The BLS estimates that 73,000 new jobs were added in July.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
President Trump fired BLS [director Erika McEntarfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_McEntarfer "Erika McEntarfer"). On social media, he wrote, "No one can be that wrong? We need accurate Jobs Numbers. She will be replaced with someone much more competent and qualified. Important numbers like this must be fair and accurate, they can't be manipulated for political purposes."[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
In the last 10 years, companies have responded slower to the jobs survey and the percentage of companies responding at all has fallen. However, the survey gets responses from roughly 200,000 business locations, which can be independent companies or franchise owners.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279) Two former commissioners with the BLS, including one appointed by Trump during his first term, made public statements criticizing the firing and supporting Director McEntarfer. [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") describes the economic data provided by the United States government as having long being regarded as the gold standard of economic measurement.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
### National Security
#### Counterterrorism policies
Trump issued [NSPM-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSPM-7 "NSPM-7") (National Security Presidential Memorandum-7) on September 25, 2025, directing a government-wide strategy to counter what it characterizes as organized domestic terrorism and political violence. The memorandum cites "common threads" such as "anti-Americanism", "anti-capitalism", "anti-Christianity", support for 'overthrowing' the United States Government, and extremism related to migration, race, and gender. It assigns the National Joint Terrorism Task Force to lead investigations, directs the Department of Justice to prioritize prosecutions and consider domestic terrorist organization designations, and instructs the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service to disrupt financial networks, while noting that the directive creates no enforceable rights. Thirty-one\[*[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")*\] members of Congress later warned in a letter that NSPM-7 raises constitutional and civil-liberties concerns if used to target political dissent or ideological speech.[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-280)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-281)[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-282)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-283)
#### Punishing states with cuts to Homeland Security funding
Due to the specific states not cooperating with Trump immigration policy, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reduced more than \$233 million from Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and state of Washington. In addition, funding was cut to the District of Columbia.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Judge_rules_you_can't_cut_security_funding_as_payback,_Dec_23,_2025-284)
In December, a federal judge ruled that the Trump administration could not do this, stating in her decision, "To hold hostage funding for programs like these based solely on what appear to be defendants' political whims is unconscionable and, at least here, unlawful."[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Judge_rules_you_can't_cut_security_funding_as_payback,_Dec_23,_2025-284)
### Social Security
On March 18, 2025, the Social Security Administration announced they would be implementing tighter identity requirements starting March 31,[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-285)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-286) with this date pushed forward to April 14. The new policy requires takes away the telephone option and requires individuals to either apply online or appear in-person at a field office.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Social_Security_press_release,_March_26,_2025-287) Applications for SSDI, Medicare, or SSI are exempted from this in-person requirement, along with applicants subject to extreme situations "such as terminal cases or prisoner pre-release scenarios."[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Social_Security_press_release,_March_26,_2025-287) This new policy comes at a time the Trump administration is closing some field offices and laying off some Social Security staff.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Social_Security_says,_Mar_26,_2025-288)
In late March, *Wired* reported that DOGE was putting together a team to migrate the Social Security base code from [COBOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL "COBOL") to a more modern programming language, with the goal of achieving this in a matter of months, whereas most experts say it should take several years to do and test this safely.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wired,_DOGE_Plans_to_Rebuild_SSA_Code_Base,_March_28,_2025-289)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-yahoo!_finance,_From_COBOL_To_Crisis,_April_4,_2025-290)
It was reported in mid-April that the Trump administration had placed on the "Death Master File", renamed the "Ineligible Master File", more than 6,000 persons who are legal immigrants whom officials claim are either on a terrorism watch list or have an FBI criminal record. The White House, however, did not provide evidence for this claim.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_What_we_know,_April_11,_2025-291)
Social Security will "clawback" money from a disabled or retired person's monthly payments in cases in which overpayments are discovered. Overpayments can either be the fault of Social Security or of the recipient, for example, a person on SSDI disability not reporting monthly work income over a certain threshold. The Biden administration had capped the clawback rate at 10%, but this expired on March 27, 2025, reverting to 100%. On April 25, the Trump administration reduced this clawback rate to 50%.[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Social_Security_to_reduce_overpayment_clawbacks,_May_5,_2025-292)
### Universities
Main article: [Education policy of the second Trump administration § Actions against universities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration#Actions_against_universities "Education policy of the second Trump administration")
Further information: [Columbia University's settlement with the Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University%27s_settlement_with_the_Trump_administration "Columbia University's settlement with the Trump administration") and [Harvard v. Department of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_v._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Harvard v. Department of Health and Human Services")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_White_House_-_54437403521.jpg)
[Leo Terrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Terrell "Leo Terrell"), the head of the Trump administration's [Task Force to Combat Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States#Efforts_to_combat_antisemitism "Antisemitism in the United States"), with Donald Trump and Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") at the White House, April 7, 2025
In February 2025, [Leo Terrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Terrell "Leo Terrell"), the chair of the Department of Justice's [Task Force to Combat Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_to_Combat_Anti-Semitism "Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism"), announced that he would investigate [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University"), [Harvard University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University "Harvard University"), [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University"), [Johns Hopkins University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University "Johns Hopkins University"), [New York University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University "New York University"), [Northwestern University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_University "Northwestern University"), [University of California, Berkeley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley "University of California, Berkeley"), [University of California, Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles "University of California, Los Angeles"), the [University of Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota "University of Minnesota"), and the [University of Southern California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California "University of Southern California") as part of the Department of Justice's broader investigation into [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism "Universities and antisemitism") on college campuses.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-293)
Trump's actions targeting higher education were described as part of an intimidation campaign against institutions viewed as hostile to his political views.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-294)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-295) He [targeted higher education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration#Actions_against_universities "Education policy of the second Trump administration") by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and [targeted activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_deportations_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Activist deportations in the second Trump presidency"), legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-296) Trump froze billions of dollars in federal funding for multiple universities in express defiance of existing laws prohibiting such actions without following proper legal processes that did not happen.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_07302025-297) The deals and demands made by Trump were criticized as coercive, a shakedown, and legalized extortion in what *Axios* described as pursuit of a "cultural crackdown".[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_07302025-298)[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_07302025-297) On September 3, Judge [Allison D. Burroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_D._Burroughs "Allison D. Burroughs") found Trump's efforts to freeze billions of dollars of funding for Harvard illegal, writing that the government had infringed upon Harvard's free speech rights and that it was "difficult to conclude anything other than that defendants used antisemitism as a smokescreen for a targeted, ideologically-motivated assault on this country's premier universities".[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-299)
## Foreign policy
Main article: [Foreign policy of the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration")
Asked: Are there limits on your global power?
> Yeah, there is one thing. My own morality. My own mind. It's the only thing that can stop me. I don't need international law. I'm not looking to hurt people.
âDonald Trump, January 7, 2026[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260108-300)
*New York Times* White House correspondents wrote that "Mr. Trump's assessment... was the most blunt acknowledgment yet of his worldview. At its core is the concept that national strength, rather than laws, treaties and conventions, should be the deciding factor as powers collide."[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260108-300)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025_Foreign_views_of_the_US.svg)
A 2025 [Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center") study found that more than half in 19 of 24 countries surveyed, said they lack confidence in Trump's leadership of world affairs, with views about Trump differing sharply along ideological and partisan lines.[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pew_20250611-301)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025_Rating_of_Biden_2024_and_Trump_2025_-_survey_results.svg)
Among 24 surveyed countries, Trump's 2025 ratings trailed those of Joe Biden's 2024 ratings by an average of twelve percentage points in world affairs, though Trump fared better among right-wing populist parties in Europe.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pew_20250611p3-302)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:List_of_international_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_during_his_second_presidency.svg)
As of January 2026, [Trump has made eight international trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") to thirteen different countries during his second presidency.
Trump's second term foreign policy has been described as a mixture of both [imperialist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism "Imperialism") and [expansionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansionism "Expansionism") policies.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-303)[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-304)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-305)[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-306) He engaged in a [realist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_\(international_relations\) "Realism (international relations)") and [isolationist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationist "Isolationist") "[America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)")" foreign policy agenda.[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_2282025-307)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Blaxland_2182025-308) His administration favored [hard power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_power "Hard power") to achieve foreign policy goals,[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baker_02022025-309) and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American [soft power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power "Soft power").[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hvistendahl_07232025-310)[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-311) The moves were described as ceding American global influence and creating a void filled by [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") and [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China").[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hsu_06242025-312)
His relations with allies were transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, and he threatened them with economic tariffs or annexation.[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Erlanger_2272025-313)[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Broadwater_2272025-314) He was described as taking the side of Russia in the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine"),[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Erlanger_2272025-313)[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Broadwater_2272025-314)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-315) and overseeing a rupture of the post-1945 rules-based [liberal international order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_international_order "Liberal international order") and abandonment of [multilateralism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateralism "Multilateralism").[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-316)[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_2282025-307)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Blaxland_2182025-308)
[Michael Klare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare "Michael Klare") wrote that [containing the influence of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations "ChinaâUnited States relations") and preventing the rise of any rival power is the central foreign policy objective of the administration.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-317) Trump has attempted to deepen the [U.S.-India partnership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations "IndiaâUnited States relations").[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-318)
Trump's administration saw large drops in global public opinion of the U.S.[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Henley_06112025-319) Countries like Canada, Germany, the U.K., Denmark, and Finland warned their citizens about traveling to the U.S.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-320)[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-321)[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-322)[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-323)[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-324)
### Americas
Trump's second presidency has been characterized by a renewed American interference in the internal affairs of Latin American nations. These efforts have included both threats and promises made to influence the outcomes of elections in Honduras, Chile and Argentina, as well as tariff threats against Brazil and Mexico and military action against Venezuela.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-325)
#### Argentina
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_Argentina%E2%80%99s_President_Javier_Milei_\(54348219476\).jpg)
Trump with Argentina president [Javier Milei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei "Javier Milei") on February 22, 2025
On October 20, the United States and Argentina agreed to a currency swap for up to \$20 billion. About President Javier Milei of Argentina and his upcoming October 26 mid-term elections, President Trump said, "If he loses, we are not going to be generous with Argentina."[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian,_$20bn_currency_swap_deal,_Oct_20-326)
The Trump administration also announced plans to increase beef imports from Argentina. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association objected to this plan with their leader saying, "If President Trump is truly an ally of America's cattle producers, we call on him to abandon this effort to manipulate markets." On October 22, Trump posted on social media that American ranchers need to help get beef prices down, and said that ranchers "don't understand that the only reason they are doing so well, for the first time in decades, is because I put Tariffs on cattle coming into the United States, including a 50% Tariff on Brazil."[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Cattlemen's_trade_group,_Oct_23-327)
#### Boat strikes
See also: [United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear")
At Trump's direction, the United States has executed a series of [airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstrike "Airstrike") in the Caribbean Sea on vessels alleged to be smuggling illegal drugs. As of January 4, 2026, a total of 35 strikes have been conducted, in which 115 individuals have been killed and 2 have been rescued after surviving the strikes.[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-328) Since the first strike, which was conducted on September 2, 2025, and killed eleven people, the Trump Administration has invoked combatting "terrorism" conducted by drug cartels as a justification for the strikes.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-329)
Many legal experts have argued that the strikes constitute illegal [extrajudicial killings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing "Extrajudicial killing") under both U.S. and [international law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law "International law"), noting that drug smuggling is generally considered to be a crime, not an act of war, and that the military is categorically prohibited from targeting civilians, even suspected criminals, unless facing a threat of imminent harm.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-330) [Conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States "Conservatism in the United States") lawyer and commentator [Andrew C. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_C._McCarthy "Andrew C. McCarthy"), writing in [National Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review "National Review"), called the strikes "lawless" and "not legitimate under the law."[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-331) The [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice")'s [Office of Legal Counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel "Office of Legal Counsel") defended the strikes in a memo that has not been released to the public, endorsing President Trump's claim that the United States is an armed conflict with Latin American drug cartels and arguing that the destruction of drug boats eliminates a source of revenue that could be used to purchase weapons for attacks against the United States.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-332)
On November 27, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* published an article alleging that Secretary of Defense [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") had ordered the officers responsible for the first airstrike on September 2, 2025, to "kill everyone," on board, prompting Admiral [Frank M. Bradley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_M._Bradley "Frank M. Bradley") to order a second strike to kill the two survivors of the initial strike, who were clinging to the wreckage of the boat that had been by the initial strike.[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-333) As [no quarter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_quarter "No quarter") orders are forbidden under the [Law of war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_war "Law of war"), the second September 2 strike was widely criticized as constituting a [war crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime "War crime") even under the Trump Administration's justification for the boat strike campaign in general, with the chair of the [United States Senate Committee on Armed Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services "United States Senate Committee on Armed Services"), [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Senator [Roger Wicker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Wicker "Roger Wicker"), along with ranking member [Jack Reed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Reed_\(Rhode_Island_politician\) "Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)"), promising "vigorous oversight to determine the facts related to these circumstances." [\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-334) According to [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times"), five U.S. officials stated that while Hegseth did, on September 2, order the killing of all individuals aboard the alleged drug boat, he did not specifically address what was to be done if any individuals survived the initial strike and was not present when Bradley carried out the second strike.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-335) After Hegseth refused to release a video of the second strike to [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress"), the [United States Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") placed a provision in the 2026 [National Defense Authorization Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act "National Defense Authorization Act") holding back a quarter of Hegseth's travel budget until he showed the video to lawmakers.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-336)
#### Venezuela
See also: [2026 United States intervention in Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela")
On January 3, 2026, the United States launched [airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") in Venezuela, capturing Venezuelan president [NicolĂĄs Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "NicolĂĄs Maduro") and his wife,[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-337) and resulting in an estimated 80 casualties, including Maduro's personal guard, military personnel, and civilians[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-338). The airstrike was done without congressional awareness or authorization, resulting in criticism from media and a number of congressmen.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-339) Maduro and his wife were arraigned in a Manhattan federal court on 5, January 2026. Both pleaded not guilty to a number of drug trafficking charges,[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-340) and Judge [Alvin Hellerstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Hellerstein "Alvin Hellerstein") ordered that Maduro be held until at least a 17 March hearing, later delayed to March 26, 2026.[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-341)
### Europe
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_President_Alexander_Stubb.jpg)
Trump has emphasized good relations with Finland, especially with the "[icebreaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icebreaker "Icebreaker") trade" in October 2025.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-342)[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-343) Trump with Finnish president [Alexander Stubb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb "Alexander Stubb") at the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office").
#### NATO spending
The Trump administration has argued that European nations should contribute more to their own defense while the U.S. focuses on China.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344) During his 2024 campaign, he said he would not defend [NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO "NATO") allies if they did not meet the alliance's spending target of 2% of [GDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP "GDP") on defense, and that he would "encourage" Russia to "do whatever the hell they want".[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-345)[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-346)[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-347) Trump officials privately expressed contempt for European "freeloading";.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-348)[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Smialek/NYT-349) Trump's policies and rhetoric accelerated an [ongoing European rearmament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_European_rearmament "2020s European rearmament").[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-350)[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-351)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-352)[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-353) Trump called Poland, which exceeds the NATO defense spending target, "one of the best groups of people I have ever met".[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-354)
#### Vice President JD Vance
Trump's administration has also expressed cultural disagreement with Europe and the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union"): in [a speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference "2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference") at the [61st Munich Security Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_Munich_Security_Conference "61st Munich Security Conference"), Vice President Vance criticized European policies on free speech and democratic values, and accused European leaders of suppressing dissenting views on issues such as immigration.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344)[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-355) Vance also expressed support for lifting restrictions on the [Alternative for Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany "Alternative for Germany"), a far-right German political party.[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-356)
#### UK
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_US_President_Donald_Trump_\(54687372410\).jpg)
Trump with British prime minister [Keir Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") at [Turnberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnberry,_South_Ayrshire "Turnberry, South Ayrshire"), Scotland, July 28, 2025
While meeting with British prime minister [Keir Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") in February 2025, Trump accepted a request from [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") for a [state visit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_visit "State visit") in the U.K.;[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357)[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-358) both Trump and Starmer praised the U.S.âU.K. "[Special Relationship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Relationship "Special Relationship")".[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357) The state visit [occurred between September 16â18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2025 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") 2025.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC4Sep2025-359)
#### Ukraine
Further information: [Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent) § Developments under the second Trump presidency (since 2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\)#Developments_under_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(since_2025\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)")
Trump began a push for [peace negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)") to end the [RussiaâUkraine war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-360) Trump's first foreign visit as [president-elect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States "President-elect of the United States") was to Paris for [the reopening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris "Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris") of the [Notre-Dame de Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris "Notre-Dame de Paris"), during which he met with French president [Emmanuel Macron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron "Emmanuel Macron") and Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") to discuss the war,[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-361)[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-362) and met with other European officials.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-363)[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-364) In February 2025, [Trump held phone calls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_phone_call "February 2025 PutinâTrump phone call") with Russian president [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin") and with Zelenskyy that he said marked the beginning of negotiations.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guardian-20250212b2-365) He threatened Ukraine with a suspension of [U.S. military aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine")[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-366) and Russia with sanctions and tariffs if he decided they were not negotiating in good faith.[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoscowTimesJan2025-367)[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-368) The U.S. sought a [mineral resources agreement with Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_Mineral_Resources_Agreement "UkraineâUnited States Mineral Resources Agreement")[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_minerals2-369) though was unwilling to offer postwar security guarantees for Ukraine in exchange.[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_minerals2-369)[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-370) Negotiators reached a deal on the agreement[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tarasova-Markina_20250226-371)[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_fulltext_20250225-372)[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Butenko_20250226-373) but the agreement fell through after [a contentious meeting between Trump and Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 TrumpâZelenskyy Oval Office meeting") in the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office") that ended when the Ukrainian delegation was abruptly asked to leave.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357)[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:62-374) Afterwards, the U.K. and France developed a proposal in which a "[coalition of the willing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_\(Russo-Ukrainian_War\) "Coalition of the willing (Russo-Ukrainian War)")" would provide security guarantees to Ukraine.[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-375)[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Deutsche_Welle_20250302-376) The [U.S. and Russia held a summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_United_States%E2%80%93Russia_summit_in_Saudi_Arabia "February 2025 United StatesâRussia summit in Saudi Arabia") in Saudi Arabia for peace talks in February[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-377) and U.S. held a summit with Ukraine the next month, during which Ukraine accepted a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire.[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:102-378)[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-379) Putin did not accept the ceasefire,[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-380) though on March 18 Russia agreed to a 30-day ceasefire only for strikes on energy infrastructure and in the [Black Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea "Black Sea"),[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-381) which Ukraine agreed to.[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:16-382)[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:17-383)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_participates_in_a_bilateral_meeting_with_Ukrainian_president_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_P20250625DT-0727.jpg)
Trump and Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") at [NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit") in [The Hague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague "The Hague"), June 25, 2025
On July 9, Trump reversed a previously suspended military aid package to Ukraine following Russia's largest aerial assault on the country, involving hundreds of drones and missiles. The suspension, reportedly authorized by senior defense officials without Trump's prior knowledge. Trump expressed growing frustration with Russian president Vladimir Putin, accusing him of insincerity and relentless aggression, saying, "He wants to go all the way, just keep killing people, it's no good." The U.S. are discussing sending 10 [Patriot missiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot "MIM-104 Patriot") to Ukraine, and Trump said he is reviewing a [proposed sanctions bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctioning_Russia_Act "Sanctioning Russia Act") by Senator [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") that would impose 500% [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") on countries trading with Russia. Although Trump has previously mentioned [secondary sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sanctions "Secondary sanctions"), none have been implemented so far, with the president citing their cost and waiting to see if a peace deal would emerge.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-384) On July 14, 2025, Trump threatened to impose 100% tariffs and secondary sanctions on [countries purchasing Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap "2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap") if Russia did not agree to a ceasefire within 50 days.[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-385)[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-386) Trump confirmed a [summit meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_Summit "2025 RussiaâUnited States Summit") between him and Putin to be held on August 15, 2025, in [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska "Alaska")[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-387) The high-level summit at [Joint Base ElmendorfâRichardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Base_Elmendorf%E2%80%93Richardson "Joint Base ElmendorfâRichardson") in [Anchorage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska "Anchorage, Alaska") concluded without progress toward a ceasefire. Following the talks, Trump suggested the United States could assist Ukraine with surveillance flights or air defense support, while ruling out the deployment of ground troops.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-388)[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-389)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_hosts_a_multilateral_meeting_with_President_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_of_Ukraine_and_European_leaders_\(54731808486\).jpg)
[EU, NATO members and Zelenskyy in Washington D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine "August 2025 White House multilateral meeting on Ukraine"), August 18, 2025
Trump emphasized that European nations should shoulder the primary burden of assistance and pressed Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to take greater responsibility in securing peace. He further hinted that Ukraine may eventually face difficult choices, including potential territorial concessions, to bring the conflict to an end.[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-390)
In September 2025, Trump urged Europe to stop buying [Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector "Russia in the European energy sector") and start putting [economic pressure on China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations "ChinaâEuropean Union relations") for funding Russia's war effort.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-391) Treasury Secretary [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") said the Trump administration is "prepared to increase pressure on Russia, but we need our European partners to follow us."[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-392)
In September 2025, the Trump administration approved the delivery of the first two packages of weapons to Ukraine from US stockpiles totalling approximately \$1 billion, which would be paid for by NATO allies, under the new mechanism called [Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prioritized_Ukraine_Requirements_List&action=edit&redlink=1 "Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List (page does not exist)") (PURL). The mechanism aims to deliver aid worth up to \$10 billion.[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-393) On September 27, 2025, President Zelenskyy announced a \$90 billion arms agreement with the United States in works.[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-394)
On October 22, 2025, the United States imposed sanctions on Russian energy companies [Rosneft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosneft "Rosneft") and [Lukoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukoil "Lukoil"),[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-395) affecting their customers in [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War "China and the Russo-Ukrainian War") and [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-396)
### Africa
#### South Africa
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_greets_President_of_South_Africa_Cyril_Ramaphosa_\(54537936065\).jpg)
Trump with South African president [Cyril Ramaphosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa "Cyril Ramaphosa") in May 2025
Trump's administration strained [relations with South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations "South AfricaâUnited States relations"). Trump suspended all aid to South Africa, saying the country's [land expropriation law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expropriation_Act,_2024 "Expropriation Act, 2024") discriminated against [Afrikaners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaners "Afrikaners");[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:03-397) he also offered Afrikaners refugee status in the U.S.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344)[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guard-12may2025-398) Rubio refused to attend the [G20 foreign ministers' meeting in Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_G20_Johannesburg_Summit "2025 G20 Johannesburg Summit")[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:23-399) and he declared the South African ambassador *[persona non grata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_non_grata "Persona non grata")* for his criticism of U.S. policies.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:33-400)
#### Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda
Rubio condemned the [Rwandan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda")\-backed [Goma offensive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Goma_offensive "2025 Goma offensive") in the [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "Democratic Republic of the Congo") and called for an immediate ceasefire and respect for territorial integrity.[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-401) In April, U.S. officials entered into talks with the DRC on a minerals deal after a proposal from Congolese president [FĂ©lix Tshisekedi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi "FĂ©lix Tshisekedi").[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-402)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary_Rubio_Hosts_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo-Rwanda_Peace_Agreement_\(54618044678\).jpg)
Signing ceremony for the peace agreement, Washington, D.C., June 27, 2025.
In June 2025, President Trump brokered a [peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Rwanda_peace_agreement "2025 Democratic Republic of the CongoâRwanda peace agreement"), with the U.S. getting "a lot of mineral rights." This potentially brings to an end a 30+ year conflict dating back to the [1994 Rwanda genocide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide "Rwandan genocide"). Each country had accused the other of financing and supporting rebel groups. On June 27, in a deal signed in the White House, each country pledged to end such support, allow the return of refugees, and create a joint security coordination mechanism aimed at resolving disputes.[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_heralds_US-brokered_peace_deal,_June_27,_2025-403)
An estimated 6 million persons have died in this conflict, and Trump said that this deal ends "one of the worst wars anyone's ever seen." A critic said, "It risks reducing peace to a transactional exchange. Minerals are only one driver of conflict." Secretary of State Marco Rubio said, "This is an important moment after 30 years of war. President Trump is a president of peace. He really does want peace. He prioritizes it above all else."[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_heralds_US-brokered_peace_deal,_June_27,_2025-403) A former prime minister of the DR Congo, Joseph Kabila, expressed skepticism of the peace deal, saying that it was "nothing more than a trade agreement."[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_DR_Congo-Rwanda_peace_deal,_June_28,_2025-404)
#### South Sudan
In April 2025, the U.S. revoked all visas of and barred entry to citizens of [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan "South Sudan") after a dispute over the deportation of a South Sudanese citizen.[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_Apr_6,_20252-405)
### Asia
#### Middle East
Further information: [2025â2026 IranâUnited States negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_negotiations "2025â2026 IranâUnited States negotiations"), [MarchâMay 2025 United States attacks in Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "MarchâMay 2025 United States attacks in Yemen"), and [Twelve-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_state_visit_to_Qatar,_2025-05-14_P20250514DT-2130.jpg)
Trump and Qatar's emir [Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani") in [Lusail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusail "Lusail"), Qatar during [Donald Trump's visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East"), May 2025
##### Houthis
In March 2025, the [U.S. began a series of airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "MarchâMay 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") on [Houthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis "Houthis") targets in Yemen to counter [attacks on Red Sea shipping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis "Red Sea crisis"), with the goal of restoring freedom of navigation and deterring further aggression.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-406) U.S. officials accidentally included *[The Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic")* editor [Jeffrey Goldberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg "Jeffrey Goldberg") in a [Signal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_\(software\) "Signal (software)") group chat discussing the military plans, [sparking a political scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_government_group_chat_leak "United States government group chat leak") and accusations of risking national security and violating records-preservation laws.[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-407)[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-408)[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-409)
In May 2025, Trump announced that his administration had reached a [ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire "Ceasefire") deal with the Houthis.[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-410)
##### Iran
See also: [IranâUnited States relations during the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_second_Trump_administration "IranâUnited States relations during the second Trump administration")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_his_national_security_team_meet_in_the_Situation_Room_of_the_White_House_\(54607926187\).jpg)
Trump and Vance in the [Situation Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_Room "Situation Room") during [strikes on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites")
Trump reinstated his ["maximum pressure" campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_pressure_campaign "Maximum pressure campaign") against Iran and sought [a new set of negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_negotiations "2025â2026 IranâUnited States negotiations") to limit [Iran's nuclear program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran "Nuclear program of Iran").[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-411)[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-412) In March 2025, Trump sent a letter to Iranian supreme leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") urging new negotiations and warning of military action if talks fail.[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-413)[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-414)[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-415)
On June 13, 2025, [Israeli planes bombed sites in Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") associated with Iran's nuclear program. President Trump stated he was not involved, although Iranian leaders have said they do not believe this. There have been reports that Trump vetoed a plan to kill Iran's Ayatollah Khamenei, and that the United States communicated to Israel that Iran has not killed an American and discussions of killing political leaders should not be on the table.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Israel-Iran_live_updates,_June_15,_2025-416)
In retaliation, Iran has fired missiles and drones at Israel, most of which has been shot down by Israel's [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") air defense system.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-417) As of June 15, 24 people have been killed in Israel[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-418) and 224 people have been killed in Iran,[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-419) according to state media.
On June 18, Trump said he had not decided whether to join with Israeli bombing runs on nuclear program sites in Iran. Trump said that it is "very late to be talking." An Iranian foreign ministry spokesman told Al Jazeera news that he did not believe the Trump administration could dictate to Israel what it can and cannot do.[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-420)
Regarding whether the United States will strike with B-2 planes carrying "bunker-buster" bombs directed against Iran's Fordo nuclear site (which is buried in a mountain), President Trump said, "Based on the fact that there is a substantial chance of negotiations that may or may not take place with Iran in the near future, I will make my decision whether or not to go within the next two weeks."[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-421)
On June 21, 2025, the U.S. [attacked three nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites"): the [Fordow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordow_Fuel_Enrichment_Plant "Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant") uranium enrichment facility, the [Natanz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natanz_Nuclear_Facility "Natanz Nuclear Facility") nuclear facility, and [Isfahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan "Isfahan") nuclear technology center.[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-422)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-423) B-2 airplanes took off from the state of Missouri and made the 18-hour flight to Iran, being refueled multiple times en route. Entering Iranian airspace, fighter jets cleared space ahead of them, and a Navy sub fired more than 24 Tomahawk missiles. The leading B-2 dropped two Massive Ordnance Penetrators bombs (MOPs, or "bunker-busters") at the Fordo site. A total of 14 MOPs were dropped at two target sites. [Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") said, "We devastated the Iranian nuclear program, but it's worth noting that the operation did not target Iranian troops or the Iranian people."[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-424)
On June 22, Trump said that since the Islamic regime in control of Iran has failed to make Iran great, it should be replaced to "Make Iran Great Again".[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:02-425)[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-426) Later he posted on social media that their constant anger, hostility, and despair have only led them to ruin. The path they're on offers no hope, only more hardship, " I wish the leadership of Iran would realize that you often get more with honey than you do with vinegar".[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-427)
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired director of [Defense Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency "Defense Intelligence Agency") [Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Kruse "Jeffrey Kruse"). This reportedly was done because General Kruse had made a preliminary assessment that Iran had moved some of their uranium stockpile and that the bombing had only set Iran back a matter of mere months, whereas President Trump had said in a speech to the nation that Iran's program had been set back "basically decades." [Senator Mark Warner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Warner "Mark Warner") (Democrat - Virginia), who is vice-chair of the [Senate Select Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Select_Intelligence_Committee "Senate Select Intelligence Committee"), said, "The firing of yet another senior national security official underscores the Trump administration's dangerous habit of treating intelligence as a loyalty test rather than a safeguard for our country."[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Three-star_general_Jeffrey_Kruse_ousted,_August_23,_2025-277)
During the [2025â2026 Iranian protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iranian_protests "2025â2026 Iranian protests"), Trump repeatedly warned the Iranian authorities that the U.S. would "intervene" if the regime did not halt its [crackdown on protesters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_massacres "2026 Iran massacres").[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-428) On January 16, 2026, Trump announced that the Iranian leadership had reportedly canceled over 800 planned executions.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-429)
On February 28, 2026, Trump launched a [major attack on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_conflict "2026 Iran conflict") with Israel with the stated goal of [regime change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime_change "Regime change").[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-430)
##### Israel and Gaza
See also: [United States support for Israel in the Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_Welcomes_Israeli_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu_to_the_White_House_\(cropped_b\).jpg)
President Trump hosting [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") at the White House on July 7, 2025
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:250709-D-PM193-1255_SecDef_Pete_Hegseth_Hosts_Israeli_PM_Netanyahu_at_the_Pentagon.jpg)
Secretary of Defense [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") hosting Netanyahu at the Pentagon on July 9, 2025
After being elected in November 2024, Trump said he wished to end the [Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war "Gaza war"),[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:52-431)[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-432) telling Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") to end [Israel's invasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip "Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip") within two months[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:52-431) and warning Hamas that they would have "all hell to pay" if they did not agree to a ceasefire and [release all hostages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis "Gaza war hostage crisis") by Trump's inauguration.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-433) Trump's incoming administration joined the Biden administration in pressuring negotiations,[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-washingtonpost202501152-434)[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-haaretz202501132-435)[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nytimes20250115a2-436) and Israel and Hamas [agreed to a phased ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire "January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire") on January 15, 2025.[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-437)[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-agreementconfirmed-438) In February 2025, Trump [proposed an American takeover of Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") in which the territory's Palestinian population would be relocated to allow for its redevelopment, which was criticized by Egypt and Jordan.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-439)[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_plan-440) The ceasefire lasted until March 18, when [Israel launched attacks on Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_Israeli_attacks_on_the_Gaza_Strip "March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip").[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-breaking_ceasefire-441) Trump's special envoy [Steve Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Witkoff "Steve Witkoff") blamed Hamas for renewed fighting in Gaza.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-442)
On May 16, while in [Abu Dhabi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi "Abu Dhabi"), United Arab Emirates, Trump said, "We're looking at Gaza. And we're going to get that taken care of. A lot of people are starving." This is an area of tension between President Trump and [Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu"). Israel claims that [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") systemically raids food aid in order to support its operations, and Israel has put forward a plan of food distributed through a system of hubs run by private contractors and protected by Israeli soldiers. The U.S.-backed [Gaza Humanitarian Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Humanitarian_Foundation "Gaza Humanitarian Foundation") has been set up to carry out this plan and announced it would be ready to begin operations by the end of May.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_Trump_acknowledges_starvation_in_Gaza,_May_16,_2025-443)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Trump_says-444)
On July 28, while in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), President Trump said he believed there was [starvation occurring in Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine "Gaza Strip famine"). He further added, "Nobody's done anything great over there. The whole place is a mess... I told Israel maybe they have to do it a different way." Israeli Prime Minister said, "And what has interdicted the supply of humanitarian aid is one force, Hamas. Again, the reversal of truth."[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_'real_starvation,'_Trump_says,_July_28,_2025-445)[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian,_does_not_endorse_Netanyahu's_claim_there_is_no_starvation,_July_28,_2025-446)
Asked about an Israeli [double-strike on a hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nasser_Hospital_strikes "2025 Nasser Hospital strikes") on August 25, 2025, Trump said he was "not happy about it," adding, "We have to end this whole nightmare."[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Israel_faces_new_pressure_over_hospital_strikes,_August_27,_2025-447)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_President_Donald_Trump_speaks_at_the_2025_Sharm_El-Sheikh_Peace_Summit_02.jpg)
Trump at the [Gaza peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_peace_summit "2025 Gaza peace summit") in [Sharm El Sheikh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh "Sharm El Sheikh"), Egypt, on October 13, 2025
On September 29, 2025, President Trump announced, alongside Prime Minister Netanyahu, a [20-Point Gaza Peace Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") from the White House which consisted of 20 specific points aimed at achieving a ceasefire, the return of [Israeli hostages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis "Gaza war hostage crisis"), dismantling [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas")'s military capabilities, and establishing a transitional governance structure in the [Gaza Strip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip "Gaza Strip").[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-448)
In October 2025, President Trump announced his deal for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas had been reached and that the remaining hostages would be released.[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-449) In exchange, Israel will release 250 Palestinian prisoners serving longterm sentences and another 1,700 other prisoners. The Israeli military will withdraw from a "blue line" to a "yellow line" further away from the Gaza coast.[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Israel-Hamas_ceasefire,_Oct_9,_2025-450) Trump was widely praised for negotiating this settlement, including by former presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama and former Secretary of State and 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-451)[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-452)
On October 23, 2025, the [Knesset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset "Knesset") passed a bill that would apply [Israeli sovereignty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank "Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank") to all West Bank settlements. The bill was condemned by Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") as a "very stupid political stunt" and by Secretary of State [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") as "counterproductive" to Trump's Gaza peace plan. Trump added that "Israel would lose all of its support from the United States if that happened."[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-453)
##### Qatar
In September 2025, following an Israeli strike against suspected Hamas terrorists in Qatar's capital city of Doha, President Trump signed an executive order which stated, "The United States shall regard any armed attack on the territory, sovereignty, or critical infrastructure of the State of Qatar as a threat to the peace and security of the United States."[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025-454) President Biden had begun a closer relationship with Qatar following their help with the 2001 American withdrawal from Afghanistan. In January 2022, Biden named Qatar a "major non-NATO ally," although this was largely a symbolic honor.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025-455)
The editorial board of *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")* wrote, "This is a decision that can be and should have been debated. Instead it comes out of the blue â an executive order following no public debate."[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025-455)
In October, Defense Secretary Hegseth announced a training agreement that the Qatar Air Force will build a facility at the Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho. The United States has a similar arrangement with Singapore, at the same base. Hegseth emphasized that the U.S. will remain in charge of the facility "like we do with all partners."[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025-454)
##### Syria
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_Bin_Salman_and_President_of_Syria_Ahmed_al-Sharaa_\(2025\).jpg)
Trump with Syrian president [Ahmed al-Sharaa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa "Ahmed al-Sharaa") and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") in [Riyadh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh "Riyadh"), Saudi Arabia, May 14, 2025
During the [2024 Syrian opposition offensives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives "2024 Syrian opposition offensives") that [toppled the Assad regime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime "Fall of the Assad regime") in Syria, Trump said that the U.S. should stay out of the conflict.[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-456) In March 2025, Rubio condemned the [massacres of Syrian Alawites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Alawites "2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites").[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-457) Trump agreed to lift sanctions on Syria after discussing the situation with [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") and [ErdoÄan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan").[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ghinwa_Obeid-458)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gram_Slattery_et_al.-459)
#### Indian subcontinent
Further information: [2025 United StatesâIndia diplomatic and trade crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93India_diplomatic_and_trade_crisis "2025 United StatesâIndia diplomatic and trade crisis")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250213MR-1471.jpg)
Trump with Indian prime minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi"), February 2025
[India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") rejected Trump's offer to mediate [IndiaâChina tensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations "ChinaâIndia relations").[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-460) On February 13, 2025, Indian prime minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi") became the fourth world leader to visit Donald Trump at the White House.[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-461)
In early 2025, deportations to Bhutan of Nepali-speaking [Bhutanese refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese_refugees "Bhutanese refugees") who had been settled in the US for nearly two decades resulted in statelessness of the deportees following their interrogation and expulsion from Bhutan upon arrival. Some of the [refouled refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-refoulement "Non-refoulement"), who had encountered largely minor legal issues in the US, were then arrested for illegal entry to Nepal upon seeking to re-enter the refugee camps they had previously inhabited before US resettlement.[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-462)[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-463)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250925DT-0757_President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Shehbaz_Sharif_and_Field_Marshal_Asim_Munir_of_Pakistan.jpg)
Trump with Pakistani prime minister [Shehbaz Sharif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif "Shehbaz Sharif") (left) and Pakistani chief of Army staff [Asim Munir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asim_Munir "Asim Munir") (right)
In response to the [2025 IndiaâPakistan conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_strikes "2025 IndiaâPakistan strikes"), Vice President Vance said that, a potential war between India and Pakistan is "none of our business."[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-464) Trump claimed to have negotiated a ceasefire, a claim that Pakistan corroborated and India denied.[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-465)[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-466)[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-467)
In July 2025, Trump criticized India over its continued oil trade with Russia, despite ongoing Western sanctions.[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:12-468) On July 30, 2025, Trump announced that Indian products would be subject to 25% reciprocal [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") upon arrival in the United States starting August 1, and that a "penalty" would be added for the purchase of Russian oil.[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-469) On August 6, 2025, Trump raised the tariff to 50%, a 25% increase, over India's purchase of Russian oil.[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-470)
In July 2025, Trump's administration reached a [trade agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_trade_deal "PakistanâUnited States trade deal") with Pakistan, in which Trump announced that the United States would help Pakistan develop its large and untapped [oil reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves "Oil reserves").[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:5-471) The agreement also reduced American reciprocal tariffs on Pakistan to 19%, the lowest of any country in [South Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia "South Asia").[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:5-471)
#### Caucasus
Main article: [ArmeniaâAzerbaijan peace agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_peace_agreement "ArmeniaâAzerbaijan peace agreement")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250808DT-1377_President_Donald_Trump_signs_a_trilateral_joint_declaration_with_President_Ilham_Aliyev_of_Azerbaijan_and_Prime_Minister_Nikol_Pashinyan_of_Armenia.jpg)
Azerbaijani president [Ilham Aliyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev "Ilham Aliyev"), President Trump and Armenian prime minister [Nikol Pashinyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan "Nikol Pashinyan") signing a trilateral joint declaration in Washington, D.C., on August 8, 2025
On August 8, 2025, Armenian prime minister [Nikol Pashinyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan "Nikol Pashinyan") and Azerbaijani president [Ilham Aliyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev "Ilham Aliyev") signed a [peace agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_peace_agreement "ArmeniaâAzerbaijan peace agreement") in a ceremony hosted by President Donald Trump in the White House,[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-472) aiming to end the more than [35-year conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict") between Armenia and Azerbaijan.[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-473)
#### Southeast Asia
In 2025, Trump attempted to negotiate a ceasefire in the [border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_border_conflict "2025 CambodiaâThailand border conflict").[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-474)[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-475)
#### China
Further information: [ChinaâUnited States trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_greets_Chinese_President_Xi_Jinping_before_a_bilateral_meeting_at_the_Gimhae_International_Airport_terminal_\(54890669668\).jpg)
Trump meets with [Chinese leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") at the [APEC summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2025 "APEC South Korea 2025") in [Busan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan "Busan") on October 30, 2025
In February 2025, Trump signed an executive order that directed the [Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Investment_in_the_United_States "Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States") (CFIUS) to restrict Chinese investment in strategic economic areas.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-476)
Trump blamed China for the [opioid crisis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States "Opioid epidemic in the United States").[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-477) He said the tariffs are intended to pressure China to do more to stop the flow of [fentanyl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl "Fentanyl") into the US.[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-478) [Opioids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid "Opioid"), predominantly fentanyl, have killed over 500,000 Americans since 2012.[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-479)
In September 2025, Trump asked the EU to impose 100% tariffs on China to punish it for [buying Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine") and de facto financing Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-480)[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-481)
### Oceania
#### Australia
On October 21, 2025, partly as a consequence of the [ChinaâU.S. trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") that included China imposing restrictions on its sale of processed [rare-earth elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare-earth_element "Rare-earth element"), Trump signed a deal with [Anthony Albanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese "Anthony Albanese"), Prime Minister of Australia,[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sherman2025-482) over rare-earths and other [critical minerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_minerals "Critical minerals")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-484) that are needed for commercial [clean energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_energy "Clean energy") production and technologically advanced [military hardware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_hardware "Military hardware"). They each committed to provide at least US\$1bn (A\$1.54bn) towards a number of projects worth \$US8.5bn (A\$13bn) in both countries over six months.[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-barrett-485)[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-govtannounce-486) The deal has been well received by the [Australian rare-earths industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rare-earths_industry "Australian rare-earths industry")[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-li2025-487)[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-wood2025-488) and the markets,[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-capolingua-489) and is important to the U.S. because rare earths are used in many technologies, including components of the Defense Force such as [F-35](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35 "F-35") fighter jets and [Tomahawk missiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomahawk_missile "Tomahawk missile").[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-490) The deal is also seen as a major shift in economic alliances.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-capolingua-489)
### Foreign aid
Main article: [United States Agency for International Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development "United States Agency for International Development")
#### Freezing most programs for 90 days
DOGE dismantled most of [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID"),[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:10-491) which had been a 10,000-person agency originally tasked to carry-out humanitarian projects.[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-492) USAID's critics maintained that many of the projects were in fact not all that humanitarian and/or much of the money was not well spent.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-493)
In January 2025, the administration issued a 90-day stop-work order worldwide,[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_State_Department_freezes_new_funding,_January_24,_2025-494)[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) Stop work interrupted about 30 [clinical trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial "Clinical trial"),[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-496) and interrupted projects such as emergency medical care for displaced Palestinians and Yemenis, aid for war refugees on the Sudan-Chad border, and electricity for Ukrainian refugees.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) The HIV Modeling Consortium estimated the death toll from HIV in sub-Saharan Africa at approximately 15,000 adults and 1,600 children in the one month after Trump's January 2025 funding freeze.[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-497)[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-498) A key controversy is whether or not waivers are being made and money actually starting to flow again for the most essential programs.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) For example, the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reported on February 19, that waivers for [PEPFAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPFAR "PEPFAR"), the program that has saved 26 million lives from [AIDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS "AIDS"), were not in force, despite a federal judge having lifted the funding freeze.[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-499)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_and_Air_Force_in_Europe_join_USAID_to_provide_support_to_Lebanon_\(6303783\).jpg)
U.S. Army and Air Force service members assist USAID with the transportation of nearly 12,000 pounds of medical kits from the Netherlands, through Germany and on to Lebanon in August 2020.
In early February 2025, it was reported that the [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") director of security and a deputy were put on administrative leave after they "blocked efforts by DOGE members to physically access restricted areas" in order to obtain sensitive information. The DOGE members eventually gained access to the information, which reportedly included email as well as classified information for which they did not have security clearance. And they obtained the ability to lock USAID staff out. Musk had earlier tweeted "USAID is a criminal organization" and that it is "Time for it to die."[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-500) Estimates do vary. [Oxfam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfam "Oxfam") criticized Musk's policies and actions as the world's richest individual deciding "to shutter the world's largest provider of lifesaving humanitarian aid."[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-501)
USAID staff were instructed to keep away from USAID headquarters while hundreds of USAID staff lost access to USAID computer systems.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:10-491)
There have been reports that China has offered to take over development projects if the United States permanently leaves.[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump_says_dismantling,_Feb_7,_2025-502)[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico,_As_USAID,_Feb_10,_2025-503)[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_News,_Cambodian_mine-clearing,_Feb_14,_2025-504)
During a February 6 press conference, [Secretary of State Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") stated, "If it's providing food or medicine or anything that is saving lives and is immediate and urgent, you're not included in the freeze."[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025-505) However, a February 8 CNN article reported that many waivers were not being acted upon because of staff placed on leave, plus payment systems had been taken over.[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025-505) In an interview before the [February 9 Super Bowl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIX "Super Bowl LIX"), Trump said, "Let him take care of the few good ones", referring to Rubio.[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Unspent_aid_worth_billions,_Feb_11,_2035-506)[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-507)
On February 13, federal judge [Amir Ali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Ali_\(judge\) "Amir Ali (judge)") ordered the Trump administration to continue contracts and grants which were in effect January 19.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Judge_orders_Trump_administration_to_temporarily_restore_funding,_Feb_13,_2025-508) Chief Justice John Roberts, overseeing cases for the District of Columbia, paused this order.[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Chief_Justice_halts,_Feb_27,_2025-509)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Foreign_aid_groups_ask,_Feb_28,_2025-510) On March 5, the Supreme Court ruled 5â4 that the Trump administration must comply with Judge Ali's order.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025-511)[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-512) However, the Supreme Court stated that Judge Ali must clarify the payment obligations with "due regard for the feasibility of any compliance timelines".[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025-511) On March 10, Judge Ali ruled that the Trump administration must pay for completed projects at the rate of 300 back payments a day, meaning four days for all 1,200 back payments, and this being for projects completed by February 13.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Axios,_Judge_holds_Congress_has_power,_March_11,_2025-513)[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025-514) A March 11 [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") article reported that, until recently, no payments were being made because DOGE had disabled the payment system.[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025-514)
#### Keeping 17% of programs
On March 10, Secretary of State [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") announced that he was cancelling 83% of USAID programs, or approximately 5,200 out of 6,200 programs. The remaining 1,000 programs (approximately) would be moved to the Department of State.[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-515)[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Secretary_of_state_says_83%25,_March_10,_2025-516) As of late March, DOGE no longer lists the details of canceled USAID contracts on its "Wall of Receipts".[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025-517)
DOGE lists approximately \$12 billion saved, although a former USAID analyst estimates the actual amount is closer to \$6 or \$7 billion.[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025-517)
In early April, USAID announced it was adding back 14 nations to grants under the UN's [World Food Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme "World Food Programme"). These nations include Lebanon, Syria, Somalia, Jordan, Iraq and Ecuador, plus the [International Organization for Migration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration "International Organization for Migration") in the Pacific region.[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Trump_administration_moves,_April_8,_2025-518) However, food aid was not restored to either Yemen or Afghanistan, with a State Department spokesperson saying this was "based on concern that the funding was benefiting terrorist groups, including the Houthis and the Taliban".[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_USAID_reverses_course,_April_9,_2025-519)
#### July 2025 rescissions ("claw backs"), but not for PEPFAR
In June 2025, the White House requested that Congress pass a package of [rescissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescission_bill "Rescission bill"), or "claw backs", of approximately \$8 billion in foreign aid and \$1 billion for the [Corporation for Public Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting "Corporation for Public Broadcasting") including [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR") and [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS").[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025-520)
The House of Representatives passed the cuts as requested. The Senate excluded the [PEPFAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPFAR "PEPFAR") cuts, which is the program started in 2003 during the [presidency of George W Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush "Presidency of George W. Bush") to help provide HIV medicines to lower-income countries. The Senate passed two preliminary votes in close 51-50 fashion with [Vice President JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") casting the tie-breaking votes. A rescission is one of the exceptions to the Senate's 60-vote [filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate "Filibuster in the United States Senate") rule.[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025-520)
President Trump focused on the public broadcasting aspect, criticizing CNN and also "MSDNC" which is a mix of [MSNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC") and [DNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") (Democratic National Committee). In a [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") post, he wrote, "It is very important that all Republicans adhere to my Recissions Bill and, in particular, DEFUND THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING (PBS and NPR), which is worse than CNN & MSDNC put together."[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025-521)
In a late night session at 2:00 AM on July 17, the Senate voted 51â48 in favor of the cuts. Later that same day, the House of Representatives voted 216 - 213 for the Senate version, meaning PEPFAR was protected in the amount of \$400 million.[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025-521) Regarding the cuts to public broadcasting, service to rural areas became one of the political issues.[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Trump's_cuts_clear_Congress,_July_17,_2025-522)
### Disaster response
#### Myanmar earthquake, March 2025
President Trump stated the United States would help in response to the [March 28 earthquake in Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Myanmar_earthquake "2025 Myanmar earthquake"), although the question was asked by a former USAID executive of whether or not the United States will beat other countries in getting there with a relief team(s).[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-523)
#### Hurricane Melissa, October 2025
[Hurricane Melissa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Melissa "Hurricane Melissa") was a [Category 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale "SaffirâSimpson scale") [hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane "Hurricane") which first made landfall at [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") on October 28, 2025, and then hit other [Caribbean islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean "Caribbean"). [Secretary of State Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") activated a disaster assistance response team. By October 31, three U.S. [CH-47 Chinook helicopters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook "Boeing CH-47 Chinook") were deployed to Jamaica to help with relief efforts, with five more on the way.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-524) In early November, the State Department promised \$12 million in aid to Jamaica, \$8 to [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti "Haiti"), \$3 million to [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba "Cuba"), and 1/2 million to [The Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas").[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-525)
### Refugees
On January 20, 2025, Trump signed the executive order named "Securing Our Borders". Due to this order, [the Uniting for Ukraine parole program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_\(United_States_immigration\)#Uniting_for_Ukraine "Parole (United States immigration)") is suspended and no new applications from [Ukrainian refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis "Ukrainian refugee crisis") with relatives in the United States are being accepted.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-526)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-527)
On May 12, 59 [white South African refugees arrived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_South_African_refugee_program "White South African refugee program") from South Africa. The Trump administration has been criticized for fast-tracking their applications while pausing other refugee programs.[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_First_group_of_49_white_South_Africans,_May_11,_2025-528)
The Trump administration slowed the entry of [Afghan refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_refugees "Afghan refugees") into the U.S., including persons who had fought on the U.S. side against the Taliban. A leader of an American veterans group said, "these pilots risked everything for America. Their lives are now on the line because of our failure to follow through on our promises."[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_News,_Afghan_pilots_who_fought_in_20-year_war_against_Taliban_in_limbo,_March_28,_2025-529)
On May 12, [Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security "United States Department of Homeland Security") [Secretary Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") announced that [TPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_protected_status "Temporary protected status"), or [temporary protected status](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_Protected_Status "Temporary Protected Status"), for Afghan refugees would be ended in 60 days, which is the shortest time period permitted by United States law. This decision cited improved conditions in Afghanistan.[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025-530)
*[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)")* reports that the [UN high commissioner for refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") has stated that the situation in Afghanistan has not improved, with a report stating "The large-scale returns are putting even greater pressure on already stretched humanitarian resources." On the other hand, Secretary Noem has pointed to an increase in tourists from China and a drop in the number of Afghans needing assistance from 29 million to 24 million. [\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025-530)
[Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") reported that the leader of "Afghans for Trump", which formed in the aftermath of President Biden's chaotic 2021 withdrawal from Afghanistan, claimed that conditions have not significantly improved and urged President Trump to reconsider.[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Fox_News,_'Afghans_for_Trump'_group_feels_abandoned,_May_16,_2025-531)
### Expansionism and revanchism
Main article: [American expansionism under Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OTAN_Summit_2025_-_June_25,_2025_\(54611827592\).jpg)
Trump with NATO general secretary [Mark Rutte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte "Mark Rutte") at the [2025 The Hague NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit")
In the lead-up to his second inauguration, Trump proposed plans and ideas that would expand the United States' political influence and territory.[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-532) It has been characterized as a revival of the [Monroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine "Monroe Doctrine").[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-533) The [last territory acquired by the United States was in 1947](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_territorial_acquisitions_table "United States territorial acquisitions table") when the [Mariana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands "Mariana Islands"), [Caroline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Islands "Caroline Islands"), and [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands "Marshall Islands") were acquired.
#### Canada
See also: [Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States § Proposals to annex Canada by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States#Proposals_to_annex_Canada_by_Donald_Trump "Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250616DT-0088_President_Donald_Trump_attends_the_G7_Summit_in_Canada.jpg)
Trump with Canadian prime minister [Mark Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney"), June 2025
The Trump administration has imposed 25% tariffs on Canadian goods imports that do not fall under [CanadaâUnited StatesâMexico Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States%E2%80%93Mexico_Agreement "CanadaâUnited StatesâMexico Agreement"), with exceptions for steel, aluminum, and Canadian-made passenger vehicle content.[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-534) Canadian officials responded with retaliatory 25% tariffs,[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-535)[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-536) and have even proposed cutting off the supply of Canadian energy into the [Northern United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_United_States "Northern United States").[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-537) [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba "Manitoba") has diverted energy to Canada that it previously supplied to the USA.[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-538) [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"), a trade envoy and high-ranking Trump official, has suggested expelling Canada from the [Five Eyes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Eyes "Five Eyes") intelligence alliance to increase pressure in the trade war.[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-p983-539)
Trump has repeatedly stated his desire for the United States to annex Canada and calling for it to become the 51st state,[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-d293-540) calling former Canadian prime minister [Justin Trudeau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau "Justin Trudeau") "Governor of the Great State of Canada".[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-541) Trudeau stated to business leaders in Canada that he believes the annexation threats are a "real thing".[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-s944-542) The strained relations have led to a "Buy Canadian" movement to boycott American goods and services,[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-u378-543) and booing the American national anthem during international hockey games.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-t749-544) When tariffs were implemented on March 4, Trudeau stated that Trump's goal in the trade war was to weaken Canada in order to annex it.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-g713-545)
On February 8, 2026, Trump threatened to block the opening of the [Gordie Howe International Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe_International_Bridge "Gordie Howe International Bridge"), citing Canada's recent trade developments with China and the alleged one-sided nature of the contract (wherein Canada gains all revenue from bridge tolls to pay back construction costs). Trump said the bridge's opening will be delayed until multiple trade and bridge related grievances were resolved. Trump's announcement was criticised by politicians, business leaders and industry groups.[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-546)[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-547)[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-548)
On February 12, 2026, the United States House of Representatives voted to repeal the tariffs that had been imposed on Canadian goods during Donald Trump's administration. The resolution passed by a 219â211 vote, with a small number of Republican lawmakers joining nearly all Democrats in support. The tariffs had originally been enacted under a national emergency declaration in February 2025, and their repeal represented a rare bipartisan rebuke of Trump's trade policy. Following the vote, President Trump reportedly threatened political consequences for Republicans who voted against the measure. While passage in the House reflects congressional concern over the tariffs, actual repeal would still require Senate approval and presidential assent, and was expected to face a potential veto.[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-549)[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-550)[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-551)
#### Greenland
See also: [Greenland crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis") and [Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland "Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jens-Frederik_Nielsen_%26_Mette_Frederiksen_by_Christian_Ursilva_\(3\).jpg)
Greenlandic leader [Jens Frederik-Nielsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens-Frederik_Nielsen "Jens-Frederik Nielsen") announcing "We choose Denmark" at a January 2026 press conference with [Mette Frederiksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen "Mette Frederiksen") in response to [Trump's threats to invade or annex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis") the country[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-552)[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-553)
In December 2024, Trump stated a further [proposal for the United States to purchase Greenland from Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland "Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland"), describing "ownership" and control of the island as "an absolute necessity" for national security purposes. This builds upon a prior offer from Trump to buy Greenland during his first term, which the [Danish Realm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Realm "Danish Realm") refused, causing him to cancel his August 2019 visit to Denmark.[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-554)\[*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")*\] On January 7, 2025, Trump's son [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") visited Greenland's capital city [Nuuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuuk "Nuuk") alongside [Charlie Kirk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kirk "Charlie Kirk") to hand out [MAGA hats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_hat "MAGA hat").[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-555) At a press conference the following day, Trump refused to rule out military or economic force to take over Greenland or the Panama Canal.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Davies-2025-556) However, he did rule out military force in taking over Canada.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Davies-2025-556) On January 14, the Trump-affiliated [Nelk Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelk "Nelk") also visited Nuuk, handing out [dollar bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note "Federal Reserve Note") to locals.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-557) On January 16, the CEOs of major Danish companies Novo Nordisk, [Vestas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas "Vestas") and [Carlsberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsberg_Group "Carlsberg Group") among others were assembled for a crisis meeting in the [Ministry of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_State_\(Denmark\) "Ministry of State (Denmark)") to discuss the situation.[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-558)[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-559)
On the subsequent day, former chief executive [Friis Arne Petersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_Arne_Petersen "Friis Arne Petersen") in the Danish [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_\(Denmark\) "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)") described the situation as "historically unheard of", while [Noa Redington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa_Redington "Noa Redington"), special adviser to former prime minister [Helle Thorning-Schmidt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt "Helle Thorning-Schmidt"), compared the international pressure on Denmark that during the 2005 [*Jyllands-Posten* Muhammad cartoons controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy").[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-560) On February 12, 2025, a bill was introduced in Congress to advance efforts to acquire Greenland and rename it Red, White, and Blueland.[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-561) Trump's actions against Greenland have been described as [hybrid warfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_warfare "Hybrid warfare") by academics and analysts.[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-dab-562) Prime Minister [Mette Frederiksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen "Mette Frederiksen") said that "the Kingdom of Denmarkâand thus Greenlandâis a member of NATO and is therefore covered by the Alliance's [collective security guarantee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty#Article_5 "North Atlantic Treaty") ... I ... strongly urge the United States to cease its threats against a historically close ally."[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-mefr-563) The official Danish threat assessment published by the [Danish Defence Intelligence Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service "Danish Defence Intelligence Service") in 2025 for the first time mentioned the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") as a threat to [national security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security "National security"), alongside [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") and [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China").[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-politico-564)[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-565)[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-566) In 2026 Greenland and Denmark saw massive [anti-Trump protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Trump_protests "Anti-Trump protests"), the [Hands off Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_off_Greenland "Hands off Greenland") protests, where protesters chanted "Greenland is not for sale".[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-567)[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-568)[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-569)
#### Panama Canal
In 2024, Trump demanded that [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama "Panama") return control of the [Panama Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal "Panama Canal") to the United States due to 'excessive rates' being charged for American passage.[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-570) The United States previously was in control of the [Panama Canal Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone "Panama Canal Zone") from [1903](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty "HayâBunau-Varilla Treaty") until [1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties "TorrijosâCarter Treaties"), and has [invaded Panama before in 1989](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama "United States invasion of Panama").[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-571)[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-572) Trump told Congress in March 2025 that his administration "will be reclaiming the Panama Canal".[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-573) Also that month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth instructed the Trump administration to "immediately" present "credible military options to ensure fair and unfettered US military and commercial access to the Panama Canal".[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-574)
### United Nations
On July 22, 2025, the United States informed of its decision to withdraw from [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO"), effective December 31, 2026.[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-575)[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-us_withdrawal-576)[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-577)
In a presidential memorandum issued on January 7, 2026, Donald Trump directed to start the process of withdrawal of the US from the 66 organizations, agencies and commissions of the [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"), including [UN Framework Convention on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change "UN Framework Convention on Climate Change") (UNFCCC), calling them "contrary to the interests of the United States".[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WH-578)[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-579)
#### World Health Organization
On January 22, 2026, President Donald Trump completed the withdrawal of the United States from the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, a year after he signed [Executive Order 14155](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14155 "Executive Order 14155") on January 20, 2025. As announced by the [Department of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services"), the United States officially exited the organization, ending its 78-year membership and halting all U.S. funding and participation in the WHO's governance and activities.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HHS-580) Although the organization hoped for a reconsideration the day after Trump's executive order,[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-581) the administration continued with the decision.
The administration justified the withdrawal by citing concerns about the WHO's handling of global health emergencies, including the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), its resistance to reforms, and its failure to operate independently from inappropriate political influence of other WHO member states.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HHS-580) In a joint statement by [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_state_\(U.S._state_government\) "Secretary of state (U.S. state government)") [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") and [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Secretary of Health and Human Services") [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr."), they said that the WHO "tarnished and trashed everything that America has done for it" and it "abandoned its core mission and acted repeatedly against the interests of the United States," including the failure to "hand over the American flag that hung in front of it."[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-582)
The United States still owes outstanding dues to the WHO from 2024 to 2025, raising questions about the legality and financial implications of the exit.[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-583) Being one of the biggest donors to the WHO, the country's unpaid fees of estimated \$260 million has already caused massive job losses at the organization. However, as a response, Washington said they saw no reason to comply.[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-584)
Ronald G. Nahass, president of the [Infectious Diseases Society of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America "Infectious Diseases Society of America") (IDSA), criticized the withdrawal, calling it "a shortsighted and misguided abandonment of our global health commitments" and "scientifically reckless." He emphasized that "It fails to acknowledge the fundamental natural history of infectious diseases" and that "Global cooperation and communication are critical to keep our own citizens protected because germs do not respect borders," adding that global cooperation is "not a luxury" but a "biological necessity."[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-585)
## Ethics
See also: [First presidency of Donald Trump § Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Ethics "First presidency of Donald Trump")
Trump's second presidency was described by political commentators as having fewer prohibitions on business activity and guardrails against potential conflicts of interest than his first, and for having more opportunities to directly influence Trump.[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-586)[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-587) Trump repealed and rolled back anti-corruption measures and ethical standards for himself and his allies, dropped corruption charges against political figures with ties to him, and fired inspectors generals investigating fraud and abuse. *The New York Times* described Trump as making up statistics "out of thin air", and for accusing government agencies and "anyone he disfavors of corruption and even criminality without proof".[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-588) His second presidency was described as breaking with decades of ethical norms,[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_02172025-589) and raising substantial [corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption "Corruption") concerns.[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05122025-590)[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-591) Congressional Republicans largely downplayed or ignored the concerns.[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-592)[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_02172025-589)
Federal judges found many of the administration's actions to be illegal and unconstitutional,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05232025-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Sneed_01232025-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lucas_05022025-14) and by mid-July, a *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post")* analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jouvenal_07212025-15) His defiance of court orders and a claimed right to disobey the courts raised fears among legal experts of a [constitutional crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_crisis "Constitutional crisis").[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-593) By August 2025, several grant terminations and spending freezes were found by judges and the [Government Accountability Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") as being illegal and unconstitutional.[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-594)[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-595)
### Pardons and commutations
Further information: [List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency")
As of November 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump&action=edit) Trump has issued nearly two thousand pardons and commutations[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-596) including for some prosecuted during his first presidency.[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-597) Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists.[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-598)[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-599) Lobbyists have told the Wall Street Journal and other news outlets that fees of \$1M are standard. Some would-be pardon recipients have offered success fees of \$6M for a successful application.[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-600)[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-601)[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-602)
Trump frequently bypassed the [Office of the Pardon Attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Pardon_Attorney "Office of the Pardon Attorney"), and on March 7, 2025, fired its leader, Department of Justice career attorney Liz Oyer, and installed political loyalist [Ed Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Martin_\(Missouri_politician\) "Ed Martin (Missouri politician)") in the role.[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-603)[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-604) Ed Martin described the rationale for granting pardons as "No MAGA left behind".[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-605) In April 2025, Oyer testified to the Senate and accused the Justice Department of "ongoing corruption" and that "the leadership of the Department of Justice appears to value political loyalty above the fair and responsible administration of justice".[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-606) In 2025, Trump pardoned 42 people charged with white-collar crimes. As of late January 2026, he had pardoned an additional 10 white collar criminals.[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-607)
### "Pay-for-access" and MAGA Inc.
Trump maintained what *The New York Times* described as a "pay-for-access" operation, with millions being raised for his pro-Trump PAC, [Make America Great Again Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again_Inc. "Make America Great Again Inc."), which had collected \$177 million in the first half of 2025, twice as much than was raised by the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") and unusually large for term-limited presidents. Millions were raised from individuals, lobbyists, corporations, and donors to it and other Trump-friendly outlets. Those that gave were granted access to the president and shortly afterward several received presidential pardons, favorable regulatory and policy actions, or appointments for government positions.[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-608)
Examples of criticism included but were not limited to the Trump administration lifting a ban on [Central Romana Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Romana_Corporation "Central Romana Corporation") shipping sugar to the United States following allegations of forced labor at the company. According to [OpenSecrets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSecrets "OpenSecrets"), [Fanjul Corp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjul_Corp "Fanjul Corp"), which owns Central Romana, had given \$1 million to MAGA Inc.[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-609)[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-610) Another action criticized was the [pardon of Paul Walczak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of people granted executive clemency in the second presidency of Donald Trump") following his mother's attendance at a \$1 million per person fund raising "candlelight dinner" sponsored by MAGA Inc. Walczak was alleged by prosecutors to have withheld over \$10 million from paychecks of staff at a nursing home for [trust fund taxes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust-fund_tax "Trust-fund tax") instead using the money to buy a \$2 million yacht among other expenses. Walczak was supposed to pay \$4.3 million in [restitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restitution "Restitution") prior to his pardon.[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-611)[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-612) The Trump administration was also criticized for delaying a rule change which would restrict coverage of skin substitutes under Medicare after Extremity Care "a leading seller of skin substitutes" gave \$5 million to MAGA Inc.[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-613)[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-614)
### Conflicts of interest
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_state_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia,_2025-05-13_P20250513DT-0498.jpg)
Trump with Elon Musk and Saudi crown prince [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") during Trump's [visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East") in May 2025
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Truth_Social_app_icon.png "Avatar of Donald J. Trump") Avatar of Donald J. Trump | **Donald J. Trump** (@[realDonaldTrump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealDonaldTrump "RealDonaldTrump") ) tweeted: |
[English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language "English language"):
> I am pleased to report that I have raised, since the Great Presidential Election of 2024, in various forms and political entities, in excess of 1.5 Billion Dollars. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!!! President DJT
August 26, 2025[\[612\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-615)[\[613\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-616)
Trump's second presidency included multiple potential conflicts of interest that did not exist during his first term in office, including a publicly traded company in [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social"), [a cryptocurrency venture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial"), new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-586) His [2024 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") was noted for an "unprecedented" mixing of personal business and political fundraising.[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-617) Trump promoted \$59.99 [bibles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible "God Bless the U.S.A. Bible"), \$399 [sneakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Surrender_High-Top "Never Surrender High-Top"), \$99 "Victory47" cologne, and \$99 Trump-branded [NFT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_tokens "Non-fungible tokens") digital trading cards for his personal, non-campaign accounts.[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-618)[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-619) Trump's campaign was noted for spending large sums of campaign money at Trump-owned businesses, in particular his [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") resort and the [Trump National Doral Miami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami").[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-620)
After winning the election, Trump mirrored his first term's ethics commitments and did not divest from his interests in branding and real estate. He also did not place his assets in a trust managed by an independent trustee.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621) Trump did not adopt his own formal ethics guidelines.[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_212025-622) Trump transferred his shares of Truth Social into a trust in which he is the sole beneficiary, of which his oldest son is the trustee. Ethics experts described it as falling "well short of the blind trusts and divestitures from private business interests that other presidents have used to avoid ethical conflicts with their job". Trump's son, [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump"), said the [Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Organization "Trump Organization") would continue to pursue business deals overseas, dropping a self-imposed prohibition during Trump's first presidency.[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-587) Trump profited from holding events at his hotels and golf courses.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621)[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-623) Trump's conflicts of interest were described as having national-security risks, with particular emphasis placed on relationships with the Saudi and Emirati governments through the Trump Organization and his son-in-law [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner")'s investment fund backed by the Saudis.[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-624) Trump noted that conflict of interest laws did not apply to him and that he was protected by broad immunity for his official actions as president.[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-625)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_White_House_-_54380002927.jpg)
On March 11, 2025, Trump and Elon Musk promoted Tesla vehicles on the White House south lawn.[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ingram_03112025-626)
As part of the [Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Rescissions_of_Harmful_Executive_Orders_and_Actions "Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions"), Trump repealed [Ethic Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethic_Commitments_by_Executive_Branch_Personnel "Ethic Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel") which prohibited executive branch employees accepting major gifts from lobbyists and two year bans on lobbyists seeking executive jobs and vice versa. Critics described the repeal as the opposite of his pledge to "[drain the swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_the_swamp "Drain the swamp")".[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-627) Trump also signed [Executive Order 14209](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14209 "Executive Order 14209") to stop the Justice Department prosecuting Americans accused of bribing foreign government officials under the [Foreign Corrupt Practices Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act").[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-628) Trump's wife, Melania, entered into a deal with [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") to create [Melania (film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_\(film\) "Melania (film)") a documentary about herself, which raised ethics concerns as it was made while she was still in office.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621) In March 2025, Trump praised [Tesla's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc.") cars on the White House lawn with notes about the cars' features alongside [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") in "something of a sales pitch" which was described in [The Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation "The Nation") as "brazenly corrupt".[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ingram_03112025-626)[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-629) Countries facing tariffs were pushed by the State Department to approve Musk's [Starlink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink "Starlink") satellite service.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-630)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250806DT-0180_President_Donald_Trump_delivers_investment_remarks_alongside_Apple_CEO_Tim_Cook.jpg)
Apple Inc. CEO [Tim Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook "Tim Cook") and Donald Trump in the oval office with a gold gift to the president in the foreground at the announcement of a \$100 billion "investment" in the US
On April 9, 2025, Trump's encouragement of investors to buy stocks hours before [pausing tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs "Second Trump tariffs") that sent markets soaring was scrutinized by Democrats and government ethics experts as possible market manipulation.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-631) Representative [Adam Schiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Schiff "Adam Schiff") called on Congress to investigate whether in pausing tariffs, Trump had engaged in insider trading or market manipulation.[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-632) His use of tariff exemptions also raised concerns of corruption, with claims of insider trading and special exemptions being given to friends and to punish rivals.[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-633) Trump has suggested those who "invest" within the United States would be able to reduce their tariffs.[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-634)[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-635)[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-636)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_on_Tuesday,_July_29,_2025,_in_Aberdeen,_Scotland.jpg)
Trump participates in the grand opening ceremony of Trump International Golf Links Aberdeen in July 2025
In May 2025, Trump's intention to accept [a \$400 million luxury jet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P4-HBJ "P4-HBJ") from Qatar to serve first as [Air Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One "Air Force One") and later be transferred to [his presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") elicited rare, bipartisan criticism, with his supporters deriding it as a "bribe", "grift" and "corruption".[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-637) *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* criticized it as an example of a *[quid pro quo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo "Quid pro quo")*.[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-638) *[The Boston Globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe "The Boston Globe")* described the deal as an example of an increasingly transactional presidency, describing it as more direct than during his first term and showing that he was "willing to bend for anyone who gives him what he craves: praise, prestige, and a cut of the profits".[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-639)
By August 12, the [United States Office of Government Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Government_Ethics "United States Office of Government Ethics") reported that Trump had made 690 stock transactions since taking office, including purchasing at least \$100 million in bonds from local authorities, gas districts, and major American corporations. CNBC reported that federal law exempted the president and vice president from some conflict of interest regulations.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-640)
An August 2025 New Yorker Piece entitled "The Number" by [David D. Kirkpatrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_D._Kirkpatrick "David D. Kirkpatrick") estimated that Trump had gained over \$3 billion from the presidency. The number was calculated from increased business at Mar-a-Lago, legal fees, TrumpStore.com ("the official retail website of The Trump Organization"[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-641)), deals with the [Arab states of the Persian Gulf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf "Arab states of the Persian Gulf"), [N7478D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N7478D "N7478D"), [Trump International, Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International,_Vietnam "Trump International, Vietnam"), [Trump's conflict with the media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Trump's conflict with the media"), the Trump Media & Technology Group, [1789 Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789_Capital "1789 Capital") and Trumps activities involving Cryptocurrency.[\[639\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-642)
Trump's cabinet were noted to have a large number of potential conflicts of interest, with the [Campaign Legal Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_Legal_Center "Campaign Legal Center") finding over 467 that would require recusal, with the most, 106, belonging to [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick").[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_212025-622) Trump Media gifted 25,946 shares of stock of DJT to each of his picks for FBI director, [Kash Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash_Patel "Kash Patel"), and education secretary nominee, [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon"), totaling \$779,400 each as of January 31, 2025. Both members served as directors for his company, and they later said they would not accept the award. He also gifted thousands of shares to his son.[\[640\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-643)
At the [2025 Gaza peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_peace_summit "2025 Gaza peace summit"), a live microphone recorded Indonesian president [Prabowo Subianto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto "Prabowo Subianto") asking Trump if he could meet his son, Eric Trump. Trump replied he would have Eric call him. Speculation arose over the involvement of Trump organization. At the time, Eric Trump served as an executive vice president of [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), which had business interests in Indonesia, including an operating golf club near Jakarta and a planned resort in Bali. The media described it as a 'hot mic moment'.[\[641\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-644)[\[642\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-645)[\[643\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-646) Prabowo had told Trump that he had also informed Hary, reportedly referring to [Hary Tanoesoedibjo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hary_Tanoesoedibjo "Hary Tanoesoedibjo"), an Indonesian developer with ties to the Trump Organization. The incident prompted criticism. Tony Carrk, executive director of the watchdog group Accountable.US, stated that the exchange showed "there is no line between Trump presidential and personal business."[\[644\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-647)
In October 2025, Trump demanded the Justice Department pay him \$230 million to compensate him for his former federal investigations. The move was described as unparalleled in American history and the starkest example of a conflict of interest due to the president installing his personal lawyers as leaders of the department.[\[645\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-648)
> You've been so generous in your contributions, very substantial money, fully financed. It's fully taken care of now. And in fact, we'll have money left over and we'll use that for something.
â Trump at an October 2025 dinner for ballroom donors, [\[646\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-649)[\[647\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-650)
Trump's [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom") will reportedly be heavily funded by private donors.[\[648\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-651) Trump hosted an October 2025 dinner for donors to the ballroom.[\[649\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-652)
In October 2025, Trump said that an anonymous private donor has given \$130 million to the U.S. government to help pay troops during the government shutdown.[\[650\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-653)[\[651\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-654) While Trump refused to identify the donor, the donor was reported to be [Timothy Mellon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Mellon "Timothy Mellon").[\[652\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-655)
The Justice Department reportedly shut down an investigation into [Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") accepting \$50,000.[\[653\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-656)[\[654\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-657)[\[655\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-658)
Of a \$200 million ad campaign, the majority (\$143 million[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-SAM_LLC_USASpending-659)) reportedly was awarded to Safe America Media LLC with the [national emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_emergencies_in_the_United_States "List of national emergencies in the United States") designation used to bypass "the normal competitive bidding"[\[657\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-660) [procurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_United_States "Government procurement in the United States") process.[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) The LLC was incorporated eight days before the contract award with its address being the home of a Republican consultant.[\[659\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-662)[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) While, "subcontractors hired to do work on the DHS ads are not disclosed in federal contracting databases", a production as part of the contract was run by the Strategy Group. The group's CEO is Ben Yoho[\[660\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-663)[\[661\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-664) who is married to [Tricia McLaughlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricia_McLaughlin_\(government_official\) "Tricia McLaughlin (government official)") the [assistant secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_secretary#United_States "Assistant secretary") for Public Affairs at [DHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHS "DHS").[\[662\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-665)[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) [USAspending.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAspending.gov "USAspending.gov") lists the Office of Public Affairs at DHS as the "Funding Office" of the award.[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-SAM_LLC_USASpending-659) Noem had previously required "that she personally approve any payment over \$100,000".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661)[\[663\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-666) Noem had previously been accused of intervening as South Dakota governor "to ensure the Strategy Group got the deal". The group paid "up to \$25,000" to [Madison Sheahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Sheahan "Madison Sheahan") described as "one of Noem's closest advisers in South Dakota".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) Yoho had also "worked under [Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski") on the publicity campaign for [Noem's 2024 memoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem#No_Going_Back "Kristi Noem")".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) Another firm, "People Who Think", owned by Jay Connaughton, has a \$77 million award for advertising from DHS.[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661)[\[664\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-667) In 2023, "Connaughton appeared to have worked" with Lewandowski.[\[665\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-668)
The Trump Library Foundation "expects to raise about \$50 million" in 2025.[\[666\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-669)
[MGX Fund Management Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGX_Fund_Management_Limited "MGX Fund Management Limited") chaired by [Sheikh Tahnoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Tahnoon "Sheikh Tahnoon") put \$2 billion into [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") to invest in [binance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binance "Binance"). Two weeks later, Trump announced "over \$200 billion in commercial deals between the United States and the United Arab Emiratesâbringing the total of investment agreements in the Gulf region to over \$2 trillion"[\[667\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-670)[\[668\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-671) Discussions reportedly involved [David O. Sacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Sacks "David O. Sacks") and [Steve Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Witkoff "Steve Witkoff").[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-672) Trump pardoned Binance founder [Changpeng Zhao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpeng_Zhao "Changpeng Zhao").
The TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL COMMITTEE, INC. raised over \$700 million.[\[670\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-673)[\[671\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-674)[\[672\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-675)
[David O. Sacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Sacks "David O. Sacks") "stands out as a special government employee because of his hundreds of investments in tech companies, which can benefit from policies that he influences".[\[673\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-676)
Trump will host the [2026 G20 summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_G20_Doral_summit "2026 G20 Doral summit") at [Trump National Doral Miami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami"), a resort owned by [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization").[\[674\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-677)
Following the [2026 United States intervention in Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela"), Trump posted that Venezuelan oil "money will be controlled by me".[\[675\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-678)[\[676\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-679) The main bank account for the oil sells was located in Qatar.[\[677\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-680)[\[678\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-681)[\[679\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-682)
Pam Bondi sold between \$1 million and \$5 million in [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") on 2 April 2025. The same day Trump announced [Liberation Day tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_tariffs "Liberation Day tariffs").[\[680\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-683)
Trump bought at least a million dollars in Netflix and Warner Bros. Discovery bonds. A [proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_Warner_Bros._Discovery "Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery") would need the administration's approval.[\[681\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-684)
The Interior Department Associate Deputy Secretary, as of 2026, Karen Budd-Falen's husband Frank Falen entered into a deal with a subsidiary of [Lithium Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_Americas "Lithium Americas") for \$3.5 million. A year after the deal, during the first Trump presidency, Budd-Falen met with the subsidiary while [Thacker Pass lithium mine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thacker_Pass_lithium_mine "Thacker Pass lithium mine") was pending federal review.[\[682\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-685)
A 2025 New York Times investigation "traced" over half a billion dollarsâ to 346 donors who each gave at least \$250,000. Of the 346 donors, "more than half of them have benefited, or are involved in an industry that has benefited, from the actions or statements" of the administration including "pardons, favorable regulatory moves, the dropping of legal cases, access to the president and more." The investigation looked at "a buffet of options (...) presented to donors" including the inaugural committee, Trust for the National Mall, [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom"), [White House Historical Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association "White House Historical Association"), [America250](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America250 "America250"), [Securing American Greatness](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Securing_American_Greatness&action=edit&redlink=1 "Securing American Greatness (page does not exist)"), [Kennedy Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Center "Kennedy Center"), [National Park Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Foundation "National Park Foundation") ([Freedom 250](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_250 "Freedom 250")). Unlike [MAGA Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_Inc. "MAGA Inc.") and the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee"), donations to the "buffet" do not require disclosure to the [Federal Election Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission "Federal Election Commission"). At least 32 people in the administration, themselves, their families or their companies, donated at least \$250,000 to Trump's "causes after the election". "Since retaking office, the president has lavished his post-election donors with praise and access to himself and his inner circle. (...) The White House has used government platforms to praise major donors to a wider audience."[\[683\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-686)
In January 2026, Trump sued the IRS for \$10 billion for a leak of the [tax returns of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump").[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-687)
After the 2024 US presidential election, [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") signed a deal for a 49% stake in [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") (WLF) with Aryam Investment (which is under [Sheikh Tahnoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Tahnoon "Sheikh Tahnoon")) making Aryam the largest shareholder in WLF. The deal was described in The Wall Street Journal as "unprecedented in American politics: a foreign government official taking a major ownership stake in an incoming U.S. presidentâs company." "Disclosures on World Libertyâs website showed the Trump familyâs equity interest fell to 38% from 75% last year, indicating someone had likely purchased a stake, but the company has never disclosed a buyer." "The deal placed two Aryam executives, who also held top positions at Tahnoonâs [G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G42_\(company\) "G42 (company)"), on World Libertyâs five-person board, which at the time included Eric Trump and [Zach Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Witkoff "Zach Witkoff")". The two executives also "would play key roles in the U.A.E.âs chip lobbying efforts with the Trump administration". The deal did not include "the rights to future WLFI token sales, leaving the Tahnoon-backed entity out of what was then the companyâs only source of revenue". "The deal to purchase the stake was hugely profitable to World Libertyâs founders. (...) Of the first \$250 million installment from the Tahnoon-backed company (...) \$187 million was directed to Trump family entities DT Marks DEFI LLC and DT Marks SC LLC (...) Trump personally owned 70% of DT Marks DEFI while other family members owned 30% as of the end of 2024". In March 2025, Trump hosted a White House dinner for Tahnoon which included the vice president and multiple members of the cabinet. Former government officials said typically foreign officials meet with their US counterparts rather than the president. The UAE had also pushed for faster review of investments in the US which in May 2025[\[685\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-688) the US Treasury announced it would launch. In May 2025, at the [royal palace in Abu Dhabi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_Al_Watan "Qasr Al Watan"), Trump told [Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan "Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan") "Your relationship and mine canât get better, so I canât say itâs going to get better because itâs at the highest level it can be". Tahnoon's [MGX Fund Management Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGX_Fund_Management_Limited "MGX Fund Management Limited") also became a investor in the [TikTok USDS Joint Venture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok_USDS_Joint_Venture "TikTok USDS Joint Venture") following [efforts to ban TikTok in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_ban_TikTok_in_the_United_States "Efforts to ban TikTok in the United States").[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake-689)
"the Trump Organization, said it wouldnât enter into new contracts with foreign governments during his presidency but didnât restrict itself from pursuing new foreign deals with private companiesâa change from the first term."[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake-689)
Following lobbying from the nursing home industry, including "nearly \$4.8 million to MAGA Inc.", the administration revoked a policy change to increase staffing in nursing homes.[\[687\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-690)
Reuters reported that the "Office of Management and Budget, which Vought leads, is allocating \$15 million of what remains of USAID operating expenses" for [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought").[\[688\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-691)
### Cryptocurrency ventures
See also: [Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency")
Trump and his family involvement in the cryptocurrency industry have given rise to ethical and legal concerns.[\[689\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-692)
On January 17, 2025, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-627) from a cryptocurrency [memecoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memecoin "Memecoin"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump"), that soared to a market valuation of over \$5 billion within a few hoursâa total \$27 billion diluted valueâthrough a Trump-owned company called CIC Digital LLC, which owned 80 percent of the coin's supply.[\[690\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-693) Within two days, the \$Trump coin became the 19th most valuable form of cryptocurrency in the world, with a total trading value of nearly \$13 billion, and a total of \$29 billion worth of trades based on a \$64 value of each of the 200 million tokens issued by the afternoon of January 19. *The New York Times* reported that Trump affiliates controlled an additional 800 million tokens that, hypothetically, could be worth over \$51 billion, potentially making Trump one of the richest people in the world. Trump also launched a new meme coin named after his wife\$, Melania, and promoted it on Truth Social shortly before attending an inauguration rally. The crypto venture was criticized by ethics experts and government watchdogs.[\[691\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-694) The venture and the possibility of foreign governments buying the coin was highlighted as possibly violating the Constitution's [Foreign Emoluments Clause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Emoluments_Clause "Foreign Emoluments Clause").[\[692\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-695) He promoted exclusive access to him for the largest holders of \$Trump, including [hosting a dinner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_memecoin_dinner "Donald Trump's memecoin dinner"), which according to *The New York Times*, certain buyers in interviews and statements said they "bought the coins or entered the dinner contest with the intention of securing an action by Mr. Trump to affect United States policy".[\[693\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-696)
He directly benefited from his cryptocurrency company [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy. It directly solicited access to Trump with secret payments and currency swaps from foreign investors, companies, and individuals with criminal records and investigations. At least one investigation was dropped after payment worth several million was made to the firm, and Trump granted an official pardon to an investor of a company World Liberty had invested in. Trump's family received a cut of all transactions made through the World Liberty, and the company directly advertised its connections to Trump, who disclosed income of nearly US\$60 million in an ethics filing.[\[694\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-697)[\[695\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-698) Several actions taken by Trump's administration regarding cryptocurrency were noted to bolster the company's assets and position. A spokeswoman for Trump stated that since his assets were in a trust managed by his children, there were "no conflicts of interest".[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-625) On May 12, 2025, another family bitcoin company co-founded by [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") in March, [American Bitcoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bitcoin "American Bitcoin"), announced plans to go public by merging with an existing Nasdaq company.[\[696\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-699)
### Authoritarianism
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1975-_Ideology_of_political_murders_-_US.svg)
In September 2025, Trump announced a widespread crackdown on left-wing groups and donors, saying that "the radicals on the left are the problem" with [political violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_the_United_States "Political violence in the United States").[\[697\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250912-700)[\[698\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-701) Cumulatively over decades, most extremist killings in the US have been caused by right-wing perpetrators.[\[699\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Time_and_Cato-702)[\[700\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_20250914-703)
#### Government targeting of political opponents and civil society
These paragraphs are an excerpt from [Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration&action=edit)\]
During [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target his political opponents and [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society"). His actions were described by news outlets as part of his promised "retribution" and "revenge" campaign, within the context of a strongly personalist and leader-centered conception of politics.[\[701\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-704)[\[702\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Collinson_1282025-705)[\[703\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025-706)[\[704\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Moynihan-707) During [his 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign"), he repeatedly stated that he had "every right" to go after his political opponents.[\[705\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Byron_1222025_1-708)
He undertook a massive expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory"),[\[706\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025-709) and several of his actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the [Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States "Constitution of the United States"), according to American legal scholars.[\[707\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-710)[\[708\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-711)[\[709\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-712) He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)").[\[710\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Vogel_&_Goldmacher_2025-713) He politicized the [civil service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service "United States federal civil service"),[\[706\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025-709) undertaking [mass layoffs of government employees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") to recruit workers more loyal to himself.[\[711\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_01272025-714) He ended the post-[Watergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal "Watergate scandal") norm of [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") independence, weaponizing it and ordering it to target his political enemies.[\[712\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025-715) He utilized several government agencies to retaliate against his political enemies and continued filing personal lawsuits against his political opponents, companies, and news organizations that angered him.[\[703\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025-706)[\[713\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Cooper_09062025-716)
By July 2025, Trump had extracted more than \$1.2 billion in settlements in a "cultural crackdown" against a variety of institutions that largely chose to settle rather than fight back.[\[714\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_07302025-717) He engaged in an unprecedented [targeting of law firms and lawyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") that previously represented positions adverse to himself.[\[715\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Lucas_2025-718)[\[716\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Scarcella,_Merken_&_Sloan_2025-719) He [targeted higher education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration#Actions_against_universities "Education policy of the second Donald Trump administration") by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and [targeted activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_deportations_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Activist deportations in the second Trump presidency"), legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[717\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Kanno-Youngs-2025-720) He [detained and deported United States citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_and_detention_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation and detention of American citizens in the second Trump administration").[\[718\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-721)
Trump's actions against [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society") have been described by legal experts and political scientists as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian") and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"),[\[719\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Riccardi_2025-722)[\[720\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Leingang-2025-723)[\[721\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Mascaro-2025-724) and negatively impacting [freedom of the press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2025%E2%80%93present:_Donald_Trump's_second_presidency "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States"),[\[722\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-725)[\[723\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-726)[\[724\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-727) [free speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_speech "Free speech"), and the [rule of law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law "Rule of law").[\[712\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025-715)[\[725\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Abels_04292025-728)[\[726\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Hall_04242025-729)[\[727\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Gilliand_04262025-730)
In February 2026, during his State of the Union address to Congress, Trump was publicly criticized by Representatives [Ilhan Omar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhan_Omar "Ilhan Omar") and [Rashida Tlaib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib "Rashida Tlaib"), who challenged his immigration policies and accused his administration of harming U.S. citizens. In response, Trump posted on his social media platform Truth Social, suggesting that the lawmakers "should be sent back from where they came". Omar, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia "Somalia"), and Tlaib, a U.S.-born citizen of Palestinian descent, were both widely reported to have been the focus of these remarks. Media outlets and civil rights organizations described Trump's comments as xenophobic and controversial, drawing bipartisan criticism for targeting members of Congress based on their heritage.[\[728\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-731)[\[729\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-732)[\[730\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-733)[\[731\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-734)
#### Flood-the-zone strategy
Main article: [Flood the zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_the_zone "Flood the zone")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_has_signed_the_most_first-day_executive_orders_of_recent_presidents._First-day_executive_orders_by_previous_ten_presidents,_1969%E2%80%932025.png)
Comparisons between numbers of first-day executive orders.
The beginning of Trump's second presidency is largely recognized as the one theorized by political strategist [Steve Bannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bannon "Steve Bannon") during Trump's first presidency, here deployed by [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller "Stephen Miller"). The strategy consists of "flood\[ing\] the zone of shit," with an impressive number of claims and executive orders with the intent to tire journalists, political opponents and judicial institutions. As such the latter can't react rapidly and appropriately enough, and it nips controversies in the bud because of the flood of information. The administration had already prepared diverse executive orders to allow the signing of 55 executive orders in 20 days, a frequency never-before-seen.[\[732\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-735)[\[733\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-736)[\[734\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-737)[\[735\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-738)[\[736\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-739)[\[737\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-740)
Individually, [*The Hill*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)") columnist Chris Truax argues that some of Trump's "ridiculous" and "bizarre" claims and policies, joint with his frequent [confabulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confabulation "Confabulation"), could be partly explained by an early stage of [dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia "Dementia").[\[738\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-741)[\[739\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-742)
#### Concentration of executive power
A month after the beginning of the presidency, the government had been sued 200 times for "executive overreach", which the administration lost for the most part.[\[740\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ARTE-743) On [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"), Trump justified his policies by quoting [Napoleon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon "Napoleon"): "He who saves his Country does not violate any Law".[\[741\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:7-744) In reaction, the American left accused him of acting as a dictator.[\[742\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-745)[\[743\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:11-746)[\[744\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-747)
The right-wing and left-wing media both claim that their policies allowed a hitherto concentration of executive power in US history. Experts and newspapers feared a constitutional crisis because of frequent [checks and balances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers "Separation of powers") breaches.[\[741\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:7-744) The Trump administration often questioned the legitimacy of judges blocking his executive orders.[\[742\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-745)[\[743\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:11-746)[\[745\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-748)
According to *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")*, Trump's new governance based itself on unconditional loyalty towards himself. Trump allegedly implemented a climate where any criticism even among the Republicans is sanctioned. Figures like [Jack Posobiec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Posobiec "Jack Posobiec") and [Laura Loomer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Loomer "Laura Loomer") acted as ideological safeguards by listing potential dissidents among the party.[\[746\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-749)
The administrations openly wanted to concentrate political powers within Trump's hands. They justify it with the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory"), alleging that by having been elected and with the approval of the Constitution, Trump is warranted in having unchecked and absolute power on the judicial branch, and on politics in general.[\[740\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ARTE-743) Legal expert Julien Jeanneney argued that the "unconstitutional" policies of Trump are backed by the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"), of which a third of the judges had been appointed by Trump during his first presidency, hence making Republican judges the majority. According to Jeanneney most of the judges "seem clearly on Trump's side concerning most of his policies, even when they violate the Court's long-lived principles."[\[747\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-750)
Numerous experts of fascism and historians ([Jason Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley "Jason Stanley"), [Marci Shore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marci_Shore "Marci Shore"), [Timothy Snyder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Snyder "Timothy Snyder"),[\[748\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-751) [Johann Chapoutot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Chapoutot "Johann Chapoutot"),[\[749\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-752) Paul Lerner, Anne Berg,[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753) Diana Garvin, Tiffany Florvil, Claudia Koonz[\[751\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-754), [Asma Mhalla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asma_Mhalla "Asma Mhalla"),[\[752\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-755) and Ben Worthy[\[753\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-756)) denounced the authoritarianism of the presidency, which they explicitly [linked to fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism"). However experts [Christopher R. Browning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Browning "Christopher R. Browning")[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753), [Roger Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Griffin "Roger Griffin"),[\[754\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-757) Janos Bourgeois,[\[755\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-758) Lloyd Cox and Brendon O'Connor[\[756\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-759) contested this comparison, although Browning noted "uncanny resemblances" between Trump and Hitler,[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753) and Cox and O'Connor talked about "proto-fascist phenomenon."[\[756\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-759)
## Elections during the second Trump presidency
| | Senate leaders | House leaders | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | Year | [Majority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate "Party leaders of the United States Senate") | [Minority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate "Party leaders of the United States Senate") | [Speaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives") | [Minority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives") |
| [119th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") | 2025âpresent | **[Thune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thune "John Thune")** | [Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") | **[Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Johnson "Mike Johnson")** | [Jeffries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries "Hakeem Jeffries") |
| Congress | Senate | House |
|---|---|---|
| [119th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Congress-760) | **53** | **220** |
## Relations with other branches
Further information: [Domestic policy of the second Trump administration § Relationship with other branches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration#Relationship_with_other_branches "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration"), and [Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency")
### Judicial appointments
Main article: [List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump "List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump")
## Internal Republican politics
### MAGA fallout over non-release of Jeffrey Epstein files
On July 7, 2025, the FBI issued a two-page statement saying they had concluded that infamous [sex offender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_offender "Sex offender") [Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein "Jeffrey Epstein") did not possess a "[client list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein_client_list "Jeffrey Epstein client list")", even though Attorney General [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") had hinted in February that such a document was on her desk. Several right-wing media personalities were highly critical of the decision. And per mainstream sources, FBI Deputy Director [Dan Bongino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bongino "Dan Bongino") is considering resigning and had been feuding with Bondi. One of the reasons given for the non-release is the privacy of the victims. At a White House press conference on the same day, President Trump asked a reporter, "Are you still talking about Jeffrey Epstein?"[\[757\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_supporters_angry,_July_7,_2025-761)
In late-July 24, several Senator Republicans spoke in favor of releasing the information. [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") ([Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")\-[South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina "South Carolina")) said, "The idea that Trump did something nefarious and Biden sat on it for four years, It's hard to believe. Just put it out. Let people look at it." [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley "Josh Hawley") (R-[Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri")) said, "Anybody who ever met him is going to be mentioned, so I don't think that's a big deal ... but nor is it a reason to withhold the documents." [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis") (R-[North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina")) said, "I'm where I've been every time you always ask me this question. Release the damn files."[\[758\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Senate_Republicans,_July_24,_2025-762)
On September 3, 2025, at an at large outside press conference on the Capitol steps, legislators were joined by nearly a dozen women who state they had been abused by convicted offender Epstein. Representatives [Ro Khanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_Khanna "Ro Khanna"), a California Democrat, [Thomas Massie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Massie "Thomas Massie"), a Kentucky Republican and [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene"), a Georgia Republican and close ally of Trump, urged the House of Representatives to vote to release the full files. House Republican leaders offered an alternative vote to continue investigation by the House Oversight Committee.
On September 3, President Trump spoke to reporters from the Oval Office, and said that the call for release of files is a "Democrat hoax that never ends."[\[759\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Epstein_Survivors-763)[\[760\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025-764) Similarly, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") states that Democrats have "sought to weaponize the Epstein issue against Trump and the GOP in recent weeks, trying to force votes that would put vulnerable Republicans in difficult positions. But the tone of Wednesday's press conference was far less partisan."[\[760\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025-764)
On October 7, Attorney General Bondi testified before the [Senate Judiciary Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee "Senate Judiciary Committee") and BBC drew five "takeaways" including "3. Bondi keen to focus on crime" and "4. But Democrats focus on Epstein." However, [Senator John Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Neely_Kennedy "John Neely Kennedy") ([Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") - [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana "Louisiana")) repeated comments from [Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") that Epstein was "the greatest blackmailer ever."[\[761\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Five_takeaways,_7_Oct_2025-765)
On November 12, 2025, the petition to force a House vote for the release of the Epstein files by the Department of Justice secured the final required signature from Democratic Rep. [Adelita Grijalva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelita_Grijalva "Adelita Grijalva"), the latter being sworn in for her position after the end of the October 2025 government shutdown.[\[762\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-766) On the same day, House Democrats released a series of private emails between Epstein, Gishaline Maxwell, and journalist [Michael Wolff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wolff_\(journalist\) "Michael Wolff (journalist)"). Among them was an email in which Epstein stated that "Trump knew about the girls," though without it being clear that this refers to Epstein's crimes.[\[763\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-767)
On November 18, the [Epstein Files Transparency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act "Epstein Files Transparency Act") cleared the House and Senate with overwhelming majorities, requiring the release of all materials relating to the Epstein investigation within 30 days.[\[764\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto2-768) This would exclude victims' names, as well as material which depicts sexual abuse. The Justice Department may also withhold any materials whose release would "jeapordise an active federal investigation or ongoing prosecution, provided that such withholding is narrowly tailored and temporary." This fact has drawn concern from certain lawmakers, who argue that recently started, ongoing investigations into Bill Clinton and [Larry Summers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Summers "Lawrence Summers") may delay the release of some materials.[\[764\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto2-768) The Act also requires the executive branch to provide an unredacted "list of all government officials and politically exposed persons" who are included in the material. [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") has expressed scepticism about this aspect of the Act, arguing in an analysis article that "the administration might play games with whatever discretion it has â say, by releasing information that's politically advantageous but withholding other information using the available justifications."[\[765\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Analysis_%E2%80%93_Will_he_actually_release_them_all?,_Nov_19,_2025-769)
Trump has reversed course and now states he favors the release of the material.[\[766\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_House_to_Vote,_Nov_18,_2025-770) He signed the Epstein Files Transparency Act on November 19, and made a lengthy post on Truth Social which included the claim, "Do not forget â The Biden Administration did not turn over a SINGLE file or page related to Democrat Epstein, nor did they ever even speak about him.[\[767\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-771)[\[768\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-772)
## Historical evaluations and public opinion
### Evaluations
Main article: [Historical rankings of presidents of the United States § Since 2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Since_2018 "Historical rankings of presidents of the United States")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1789-_Percent_of_electoral_vote_\(US\).svg)
Though touting "landslide" victories, Trump won the 2024 election with 58% of the electoral collegeâplacing the win in approximately the 28th percentile of all presidential elections.[\[769\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20161218-773)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1828-_Margin_of_victory_in_US_presidential_elections_-_popular_vote.svg)
Though Trump repeatedly promoted his 2024 victory as a [mandate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_\(politics\) "Mandate (politics)")âto inflate the actual degree of voter supportâhe failed to receive 50% of the popular vote.[\[770\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20241118-774) His 1.5 percentage point [margin of victory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin "List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin") in 2024 (shown in chart) place it in only the 20th percentile of presidential elections since 1828.[\[771\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-UCSB_20241106-775)
Professor [Christina Pagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Pagel "Christina Pagel") mapped the first actions of the Trump administration in a Venn diagram that identifies "five broad domains that correspond to features of proto-authoritarian states". These five domains are: undermining democratic institutions and the rule of law, dismantling federal government; dismantling social protections and rights, enrichment and corruption; suppressing dissent and controlling information; attacking science, environment, health, arts and education, particularly universities; aggressive foreign policy and global destabilization.[\[772\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-kottke-pagel-776)
Journalist Martin Sandu and authoritarian politics researcher Alex Norris described the maximalist interpretation of [executive power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Federal_government_and_executive_power) in Trump's second term as president, including sweeping [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency"), the [federal funding freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause"), [actions against political opponents and the media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Actions_against_political_opponents_and_the_media), [pardons of those involved in the 2021 attempted self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), the actions of [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk")'s [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency"), and the like as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup").[\[773\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-777)[\[774\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-778) Political scientist Lee Morgenbesser argued the actions of DOGE are a form of [state capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capture "State capture").[\[775\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-779)
### Public opinion
Main articles: [Opinion polling on the second Trump presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_second_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the second Trump presidency") and [United States presidential approval rating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_approval_rating "United States presidential approval rating")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Composite_of_polls_of_Donald_Trump_2nd-term_presidential_approval_ratings_over_time.png)
Trump's aggregated presidential approval ratings consistently declined over the first ten months of his second term, with more disapproval ratings than approval ratings just two months after his election and disapproval ratings rising to over 50% after three months.[\[776\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_CompositePolling_2025-780)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:202512_First-year_presidential_approval_ratings.svg)
In a larger context, Trump's approval rating ([Gallup polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup_polling "Gallup polling")) after the first year of his second term was the lowest of any president since 1977.[\[777\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20251226-781)
Donald Trump began his second term with another historically low job approval rating, only improving on his lowest-ever rating (occurring in his first term) by three percentage points.[\[778\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:4-782) President Trump began his first term at 45% job approval, and his second with 47%. According to [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc."), "Trump remains the only elected president with sub-50% initial approval ratings".[\[778\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:4-782) In a [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News")/[YouGov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouGov "YouGov") poll conducted from February 5â7, 2025, Trump reached a career high poll rating of 53%.[\[779\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-783) According to ABC News, Trump's approval rating at the end of his first 100 days in office was 39%, even lower than his already low 42% approval rating at the end of his first 100 days of his first presidency and the worst of any president's approval ratings after their 100 days in 80 years.[\[780\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-784) By July 2025, Gallup found Trump's approval rating reached the lowest for his second term at 37%, largely driven by declining support from independents,[\[781\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-785) and in August, multiple surveys revealed record or near-record low job approval ratings, which Gallup found to be lower than any modern president.[\[782\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-786)
As was the case during Trump's first term,[\[783\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-787)[\[784\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-788)[\[785\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-789) the president's approval ratings have remained remarkably stable.[\[786\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-790)[\[787\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-791)[\[788\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-792) His ratings are also very polarized, often with more Republicans than Democrats approving of his leadership.
#### Immigration enforcement and protests against ICE
In early June 2025 in response to street [protests against ICE actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests "June 2025 Los Angeles protests"), President Trump activated and sent 2,100 members of the [California National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_National_Guard "California National Guard") to the Los Angeles area.[\[789\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_What_the_National_Guard_has_been_seen_doing_in_Los_Angeles_area,_June_10,_2025-793) [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters") reported that the protests were the strongest domestic backlash to Trump since he took office in January,[\[790\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pitas_06102025-794) and became a focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest, the use of federal force in domestic affairs, the boundaries of presidential power, and freedom of speech and assembly.[\[791\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bose_07082025-795)
#### Banking and Citizenship Data Policy
In February 2026, the Trump administration was reported to be considering an executive order that would require U.S. banks to collect citizenship information from both new and existing customers as part of broader efforts to crack down on undocumented migration and impose new documentation requirements.[\[792\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-796)
#### June 2025 military parade and "No Kings" protests
On June 14, the Trump administration held the [U.S. Army 250th Anniversary Parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_250th_Anniversary_Parade "U.S. Army 250th Anniversary Parade") in Washington, D.C., to celebrate the anniversary of the U.S. Army and coinciding with President Trump's 79th birthday.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797) The parade is estimated to have cost somewhere between \$25 and \$45 million.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797) In protest, [50501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_movement "50501 movement"), [Indivisible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indivisible_movement "Indivisible movement"), and other organizations[\[794\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-798) organized [No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests") in many American cities. Millions attended the largest protest since Trump was re-elected.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797)[\[795\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-799)
#### October 2025 "No Kings" protests
This section is an excerpt from [October 2025 No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2025_No_Kings_protests "October 2025 No Kings protests").\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=October_2025_No_Kings_protests&action=edit)\]
[No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2025_No_Kings_protests "October 2025 No Kings protests") (also called No Kings 2.0[\[796\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-800)[\[797\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-801)[\[798\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-802) and No Kings Day 2.0[\[799\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-803)[\[800\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-804)) took place on October 18, 2025, as part of a series of [demonstrations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_demonstration "Political demonstration") taking place largely in the United States against [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s policies and actions during his second presidency. The demonstrations, which followed the [June 2025 No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests"), took place in some 2,700 locations across the country, including the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago"), and [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City").
Organizers of the protests estimated that the protests drew nearly 7 million attendees,[\[801\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-October_2025_No_Kings_protests_AJE_millions_no_kings-805)[\[802\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-806) while a partnership between data journalist [G. Elliott Morris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Elliott_Morris "G. Elliott Morris") and the Xylom, an independent Atlanta-based science newsroom, estimated 5 million to 6.5 million participants. Either estimate would make this one of the [largest single-day protests in American history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protests_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States_by_size "List of protests and demonstrations in the United States by size").[\[803\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-807)
In January 2026, organizers announced plans to hold a [third "No Kings" mass mobilization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2026_No_Kings_protests "March 2026 No Kings protests") on March 28, 2026, in response to the [killings of Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti") and [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good"), as well as the [2026 Minnesota general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23,_2026_Minnesota_protests_against_ICE "January 23, 2026 Minnesota protests against ICE").[\[804\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-808)
## See also
- [2020s portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:2020s "Portal:2020s")
- [United States portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:United_States "Portal:United States")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg)[Politics portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics "Portal:Politics")
- [Conservatism portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Conservatism "Portal:Conservatism")
- [Bibliography of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
- [Efforts to impeach Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump")
- [Government attacks on journalists in the United States during Donald Trump's second presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2025%E2%80%93present:_Donald_Trump's_second_presidency "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States")
- [List of federal political scandals in the United States (21st century)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States_\(21st_century\) "List of federal political scandals in the United States (21st century)")
- [List of United States presidential vetoes § Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_vetoes#Donald_Trump "List of United States presidential vetoes")
- [Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") â American political slogan
- [Political positions of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump")
## Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-1)** The first was [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland"), following his victory in the [1892 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election").
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-16)** He was [convicted in 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") for [falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifying_business_records "Falsifying business records") to conceal [hush money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hush_money "Hush money") payments.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-484)** Rare-earth elements or minerals are distinct from minerals or materials described as [critical minerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_minerals "Critical minerals") or raw materials, which refers to materials that are considered to be of strategic or economic importance to a country. There is no single list, but individual governments compile lists of materials that are critical for their own economies.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-483) However the two terms are often used interchangeably, especially in the U.S.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Congress_760-0)** 17 days of the [119th Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") (January 3, 2025 â January 19, 2025) took place under [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden").
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Click "More formatting options" and choose "1-Month Net Change". â Can access via ["Top Picks" list](https://data.bls.gov/toppicks?survey=ce), select "Total Nonfarm Employment, Seasonally Adjusted - CES0000000001" and click "Retrieve data" button. Then click "More formatting options" and choose "1-Month Net Change".
67. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_2nd_Quarter_GDP,_Aug_28,_2025_69-0)**
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72. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Here's_what's_in_Trump's_'big,_beautiful,'_July_4,_2025_74-0)**
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74. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-76)**
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75. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-77)**
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76. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025_78-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025_78-1)
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77. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025_79-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025_79-1)
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78. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Detroit_Free_Press,_Nov_6,_2025_80-0)**
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79. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-81)**
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80. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_asked_court_to_'clarify'_SNAP_ruling,_Oct_31_82-0)**
["Trump says he has asked court to 'clarify' SNAP ruling with funding set to lapse"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/judge-rules-trumps-attempt-suspend-snap-funding-unlawful/story?id=127069497). *ABC News*. October 31, 2025.
81. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-83)**
["Supreme Court temporarily freezes order requiring Trump administration to provide full SNAP payments to millions of Americans"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/appeals-court-trump-administration-full-snap-benefits/). *CBS News*. November 8, 2025.
82. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-84)**
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83. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-85)**
["Thune says ending filibuster 'not happening' despite Trump's demands"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/after-breakfast-trump-thune-reiterates-filibuster-happening-despite/story?id=127222696). *ABC News*. November 5, 2025.
84. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-86)** 2nd article â ["Republicans discuss narrow filibuster change to end shutdown but unlikely to adopt it, sources say"](https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/government-shutdown-latest-senate-talks-flights/), CBS News, November 6, 2025.
85. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-87)**
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86. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-88)**
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87. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_House_approves_partial_funding_package,_Jan_8,_2026_89-0)**
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88. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC,_Trump_signs_bill_to_end_government_shutdown,_Feb_3,_2026_90-0)**
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89. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-91)**
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90. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-2)
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91. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026_93-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026_93-1)
["All immigration officers in Minneapolis will start wearing body cameras, Noem says"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-officers-minneapolis-body-cameras/). *CBS News*. February 2, 2026.
92. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-94)**
Collins, Michael. ["Donald Trump vows to impose 25% tariff on all products from Canada and Mexico"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/11/25/trump-tariff-canada-mexico/76576835007/). *USA Today*. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
93. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-95)**
["Trump's tariffs have launched global trade wars. Here's a timeline of how we got here"](https://apnews.com/article/tariffs-timeline-trade-war-trump-canada-mexico-china-a9d714eea677488ef9397547d838dbd0). *AP News*. March 26, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
94. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-96)**
["Trump's trade war draws swift retaliation with new tariffs from Mexico, Canada and China"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china-643086a6dc7ff716d876b3c83e3255b0). *AP News*. March 4, 2025. Retrieved July 10, 2025.
95. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-97)**
["Trump limits tariffs on most nations for 90 days, raises taxes on Chinese imports"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-stock-market-china-recession-deals-e8e54a68397e6829e1d27552a1d7bfb9). *AP News*. April 9, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
96. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-98)**
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["Trump's trade blitz produces few deals but lots of uncertainty"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-deadline-japan-south-korea-trade-7ea94de216329a9b011a3d3951ae5963). *AP News*. July 9, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
98. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-100)**
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99. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WashPost_20260115_101-0)**
Lynch, David J. (January 15, 2026). ["Trump's promised manufacturing boom is a bust so far"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/15/trump-manufacturing-jobs-tariffs/). *The Washington Post*.
Source credits: "Institute of Supply Management Purchasing Managers Index".
100. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN_CPI_20251211_102-0)**
Dale, Daniel (December 11, 2025). ["Analysis: How the White House is using misleading comparisons to make inflation sound better"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices). CNN. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217063806/https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices) from the original on December 17, 2025.
â Data from BLS:
["12-month percentage change, Consumer Price Index, selected categories"](https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm). US Bureau of Labor Statistics. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217065215/https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm) from the original on December 17, 2025.
â Higher-precision data from Federal Reserve:
["Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average (CPIAUCSL)"](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz). US Federal Reserve, St. Louis office. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217070037/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz) from the original on December 17, 2025.
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*Grist* credits: "Source: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (GATS)"
102. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FRED_202601_104-0)**
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105. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_US_court_rules_many,_August_29,_2025_107-0)**
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106. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-cnn_decision_108-0)**
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110. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC_News,_Dow_adds_1,100_points,_May_12,_2025_112-0)**
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111. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump_delays_China_tariff_hike_for_another_90_days,_August_11,_2025_113-0)**
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113. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-115)**
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365. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-MoscowTimesJan2025_367-0)**
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366. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-368)**
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367. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC_minerals2_369-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC_minerals2_369-1)
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370. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN_fulltext_20250225_372-0)**
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381. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:17_383-0)**
["Đ ĐŸŃŃĐžŃ Đž ĐŁĐșŃĐ°ĐžĐœĐ° ŃĐżĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŸĐ± ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ
ŃЎДлĐșĐž ĐżĐŸ ЧДŃĐœĐŸĐŒŃ ĐŒĐŸŃŃ Đž ŃĐœĐ”ŃĐłĐŸĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐ°ĐŒ. Đ§Đ”ĐŒ ĐŸŃлОŃĐ°ŃŃŃŃ ĐžŃ
ĐČĐ”ŃŃОО?"](https://www.bbc.com/russian/articles/crlxgjk85g4o). *BBC News Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐ°Ń ŃĐ»Ńжба* (in Russian). March 27, 2025. Retrieved March 27, 2025.
382. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-384)**
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385. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-387)**
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386. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-388)**
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`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list "Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list"))
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391. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-393)**
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400. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-402)**
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402. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_DR_Congo-Rwanda_peace_deal,_June_28,_2025_404-0)**
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404. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-406)**
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409. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-411)**
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410. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-412)**
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411. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-413)**
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414. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Israel-Iran_live_updates,_June_15,_2025_416-0)**
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415. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-417)**
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416. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-418)**
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419. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-421)**
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420. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-422)**
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Singh, Kanishka; Hague, Tom; Coates, Stephen (July 28, 2025). ["Rubio says US officials are in Malaysia to help in Cambodia-Thailand talks"](https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/rubio-says-us-officials-are-malaysia-help-cambodia-thailand-talks-2025-07-28/). *Reuters*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250728073745/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/rubio-says-us-officials-are-malaysia-help-cambodia-thailand-talks-2025-07-28/) from the original on July 28, 2025. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
474. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-476)**
Holland, Steve (February 22, 2025). ["Trump orders use of CFIUS to restrict Chinese investments in strategic areas"](https://www.reuters.com/world/trump-use-cfius-restrict-chinese-investments-strategic-areas-white-house-2025-02-21/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved February 22, 2025.
475. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-477)**
["How does fentanyl get into the US?"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cvg93nn1e6go). *BBC News*. March 4, 2025.
476. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-478)**
["Can Trump's tariffs break China's grip on manufacturing?"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cdxqeg51y36o). *BBC News*. March 5, 2025.
477. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-479)**
Felbab-Brown, Vanda (February 17, 2025). ["The New War on Drugs"](https://www.foreignaffairs.com/canada/new-war-drugs). *[Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs "Foreign Affairs")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250226170429/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/canada/new-war-drugs) from the original on February 26, 2025. Retrieved March 7, 2025.
478. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-480)**
Hoskins, Peter (September 10, 2025). ["Trump lobbies EU for 100% tariffs on China and India"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c80gvz3l7n2o). *BBC News*.
479. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-481)**
Kozul-Wright, Alex (September 15, 2025). ["Can the EU and NATO impose tariffs on India and China, as Trump wants?"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/15/can-the-eu-and-nato-impose-tariffs-on-india-and-china-as-trump-wants). *Al Jazeera*.
480. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-sherman2025_482-0)**
Sherman, Natalie (October 21, 2025). ["US and Australia sign rare earths deal to counter China's dominance"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly9kvrdk2xo). *[BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News "BBC News")*. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
481. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-483)**
["What are 'critical minerals' and what is their significance for climate change action?"](https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/explainers/what-are-critical-minerals-and-what-is-their-significance-for-climate-change-action/). *[Grantham Research Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grantham_Research_Institute "Grantham Research Institute")*. May 30, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2025.
482. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-barrett_485-0)**
Barrett, Jonathan (October 21, 2025). ["Australia and the US have signed a critical minerals deal to take on China's monopoly. Here's what you need to know"](https://web.archive.org/web/20251022071953/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/21/australia-us-critical-minerals-rare-earths-deal-china-explainer). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Archived from the original on October 22, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown "Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown"))
483. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-govtannounce_486-0)**
["United States-Australia Framework for Securing of Supply in the Mining and Processing of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths"](https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/united-states-australia-framework-securing-supply-mining-and-processing-critical-minerals-and-rare-earths). *[Department of Industry, Science and Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Industry,_Science_and_Resources "Department of Industry, Science and Resources")*. October 21, 2025. Retrieved October 22, 2025.
484. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-li2025_487-0)**
["Critical minerals industry cheers deal that will 'encourage greater investment' as stock prices swing"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-10-22/critical-minerals-industry-us-china-deal-rare-earths-stocks/105915274). abc.net.au. October 21, 2025.
485. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-wood2025_488-0)**
Wood, Richard (October 21, 2025). ["Australia can expect economic bonanza from rare earths deal, mining boss says"](https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-and-us-rare-earths-deal-a-game-changer-says-minerals-company-boss/dc588a43-47f7-472e-865a-c5bc90f83384). *[9News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_News "Nine News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251023012539/https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-and-us-rare-earths-deal-a-game-changer-says-minerals-company-boss/dc588a43-47f7-472e-865a-c5bc90f83384) from the original on October 23, 2025. Retrieved October 23, 2025.
486. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-capolingua_489-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-capolingua_489-1)
["Albo and Trump just had a convo about rare earths and critical minerals â here's what you need to know"](https://www.marketindex.com.au/news/albo-and-trump-just-had-a-convo-about-rare-earths-and-critical-minerals). marketindex.com.au. October 21, 2025.
487. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-490)**
Wood, Richard (October 21, 2025). ["Why the Australia-US rare earths deal matters so much for Trump"](https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-and-us-rare-earths-deal-why-critical-minerals-are-so-vital-explained/c8ccd0ac-b0a1-467b-bdd3-ee35823d6d92). *Trump Albanese meeting: Why the Australia-US rare earths deal matters so much for Trump*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251023013212/https://www.9news.com.au/national/australia-and-us-rare-earths-deal-why-critical-minerals-are-so-vital-explained/c8ccd0ac-b0a1-467b-bdd3-ee35823d6d92) from the original on October 23, 2025. Retrieved October 23, 2025.
488. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:10_491-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:10_491-1)
Knickmeyer, Ellen; Amiri, Farnoush; Gomez Licon, Adriana (February 3, 2025). ["Trump and Musk move to dismantle USAID, igniting battle with Democratic lawmakers"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-musk-usaid-c0c7799be0b2fa7cad4c806565985fe2). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
489. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-492)**
McCabe, Emily M. (January 6, 2025). [U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview](https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10261) (Report). [Congressional Research Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service "Congressional Research Service"). Retrieved February 11, 2025.
490. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-493)**
Seddon, Sean (February 7, 2025). ["What is USAID and why does Donald Trump want to end it?"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyezjwnx5ko). *BBC News*. Retrieved March 17, 2025.
491. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-AP_News,_State_Department_freezes_new_funding,_January_24,_2025_494-0)**
Knickmeyer, Ellen; Amiri, Farnoush (January 24, 2025). ["State Department freezes new funding for nearly all US aid programs worldwide"](https://apnews.com/article/state-department-trump-foreign-aid-bf047e17ef64cb42a1a1b7fdf05caffa). *AP News*.
492. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica-Jan_495-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica-Jan_495-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica-Jan_495-2)
Murphy, Brett; Barry-Jester, Anna Maria (January 31, 2025). ["'People Will Die': The Trump Administration Said It Lifted Its Ban on Lifesaving Humanitarian Aid. That's Not True"](https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-state-department-usaid-humanitarian-aid-freeze-ukraine-gaza-sudan). *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")*. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
493. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-496)**
Nolen, Stephanie (February 6, 2024). ["Abandoned in the Middle of Clinical Trials, Because of a Trump Order"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/06/health/usaid-clinical-trials-funding-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
494. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-497)**
Lubin, Rhian (March 4, 2025). ["Nearly 15,000 will have died already because of Trump and Musk's cuts to USAID, advocacy program claims"](https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-musk-usaid-cuts-deaths-aids-hiv-b2708883.html). *[The Independent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent "The Independent")*.
495. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-498)**
["PEPFAR Impact Tracker"](https://pepfar.impactcounter.com/). Impact Counter. March 4, 2025.
496. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-499)**
Farai Mutsaka; Gerald Imray (February 19, 2025). ["Trump's foreign aid freeze halted a crucial program fighting HIV in Africa. Here's what's at stake"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-aid-usaid-pepfar-africa-hiv-396263cd9e7281af7d543d3c68fa465a). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*.
497. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-500)**
Roth, Andrew (February 3, 2025). ["Senior USAID officials put on leave after denying access to Musk's Doge team"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/02/usaid-officials-put-on-leave-musk-doge). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
498. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-501)**
["The human impact of USAID cuts"](https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/issues/making-foreign-aid-work/human-impact-of-usaid-cuts/). *Oxfam*.
499. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_Trump_says_dismantling,_Feb_7,_2025_502-0)**
Paddison, Laura (February 7, 2025). ["Trump says dismantling the USAID will save money. Experts say it's a 'great gift' for China"](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/07/climate/usaid-trump-china/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
500. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Politico,_As_USAID,_Feb_10,_2025_503-0)**
Gramer, Robbie; Bazail-Eimil, Eric; Kine, Phelim (February 10, 2025). ["As USAID retreats, China pounces"](https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2025/02/10/as-usaid-retreats-china-pounces-00195922). *[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")*.
501. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC_News,_Cambodian_mine-clearing,_Feb_14,_2025_504-0)**
Delgado, Anton L.; Frayer, Janis Mackey (February 14, 2025). ["Cambodian mine-clearing program reels after Trump's USAID funding suspension"](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/usaid-cambodia-demining-trump-cuts-funding-rcna192172). *NBC News*.
502. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025_505-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025_505-1)
Kent, Lauren (February 8, 2025). ["The US State Department says humanitarian assistance can continue. Foreign aid workers say that's not happening"](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/08/world/usaid-humanitarian-assistance-aid-freeze-intl-latam/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
503. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-AP_News,_Unspent_aid_worth_billions,_Feb_11,_2035_506-0)**
Knickmeyer, Ellen (February 11, 2025). ["Unspent aid worth billions lacks oversight as Trump dismantles USAID, watchdog warns"](https://apnews.com/article/usaid-trump-musk-leave-staffers-9099c61b33aa7e4bfd40e849853be3b6). *[AP News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_News "AP News")*. Retrieved February 11, 2025.
504. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-507)**
Knickmeyer, Ellen; Kunzelman, Michael (February 7, 2025). ["Judge blocks Trump from placing thousands of USAID workers on leave and giving them 30-day deadline"](https://apnews.com/article/usaid-foreign-aid-trump-rubio-48f8460804d33bdaa18d7765c4b24f9e). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
505. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Judge_orders_Trump_administration_to_temporarily_restore_funding,_Feb_13,_2025_508-0)**
Quinn, Melissa (February 13, 2025). ["Judge orders Trump administration to temporarily restore funding for foreign assistance programs"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/judge-blocks-trump-administration-from-canceling-foreign-aid-awards-in-place-before-his-inauguration/). *[CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News")*. Retrieved February 21, 2025.
506. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Chief_Justice_halts,_Feb_27,_2025_509-0)**
Quinn, Melissa (February 27, 2025). ["Chief justice halts lower court decision ordering Trump administration to pay State Department, USAID contractors"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-administration-supreme-court-foreign-aid-freeze/). *[CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News")*. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
507. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Reuters,_Foreign_aid_groups_ask,_Feb_28,_2025_510-0)**
Kruzel, John (February 28, 2025). ["Foreign aid groups ask US Supreme Court to require Trump to release funds"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/foreign-aid-groups-ask-us-supreme-court-require-trump-release-funds-2025-02-28/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
508. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025_511-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025_511-1)
Quinn, Melissa (March 5, 2025). ["Supreme Court won't lift lower court order unfreezing \$2 billion in foreign aid funding"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/supreme-court-foreign-aid-usaid/). *[CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News")*.
509. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-512)**
Blumenthal, Paul (March 5, 2025). ["Supreme Court Says Trump Administration Must Release Frozen Foreign Aid Funds"](https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-usaid-supreme-court_n_67c85d47e4b06ea0f75950fe). *[Huffington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huffington_Post "Huffington Post")*. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
510. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Axios,_Judge_holds_Congress_has_power,_March_11,_2025_513-0)**
Falconer, Rebecca (March 11, 2025). ["Judge holds Congress has power on foreign aid spending, not president"](https://www.axios.com/2025/03/11/trump-usaid-foreign-aid-payments-power). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*.
511. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025_514-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025_514-1)
Knickmeyer, Ellen (March 11, 2025). ["Trump overstepped his constitutional authority in freezing Congress' funding for USAID, judge says"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/trump-overstepped-constitutional-authority-freezing-congress-funding-usaid-119667322). *[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)")*. [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press").
512. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-515)**
Knickmeyer, Ellen (March 10, 2025). ["Secretary of State Rubio says purge of USAID programs complete, with 83% of agency's programs gone"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-musk-rubio-usaid-foreign-aid-bf442d62af67918a6fc5eee839074601). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. Retrieved March 12, 2025.
513. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Secretary_of_state_says_83%25,_March_10,_2025_516-0)**
Caroline Linton (March 10, 2025). ["Secretary of state says 83% of USAID programs are being canceled"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/secretary-of-state-usaid-programs-canceled/). *CBS News*.
514. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025_517-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025_517-1)
Ingram; Kates; Ruetenik (March 26, 2025). ["DOGE removes details on canceled USAID contracts from its online "wall of receipts""](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doge-usaid-contracts-details-removed-wall-of-receipts/). *CBS News, please see 5th paragraph and last paragraph*.
515. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Reuters,_Trump_administration_moves,_April_8,_2025_518-0)**
["Exclusive: Trump administration moves to restore some terminated foreign aid programs, sources say"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-administration-moves-restore-some-terminated-foreign-aid-programs-sources-2025-04-08/). *Reuters*. April 8, 2025.
516. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_USAID_reverses_course,_April_9,_2025_519-0)**
Jennifer Hansler (April 9, 2025). ["USAID reverses course and restores some humanitarian aid contracts after WFP warning of possible deadly consequences"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/08/politics/trump-admin-aid-yemen-afghanistan/index.html). *CNN*.
517. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025_520-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025_520-1)
["Senate advances Trump's request to cancel billions in foreign aid, NPR and PBS funding"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-rescissions-package-foreign-aid-npr-pbs-funding/). *CBS*. July 15, 2025. "The rescissions request would cut \$8.3 billion for the United States Agency for International Development, or USAID, along with other international assistance programs â from peacekeeping efforts to refugee assistance and climate projects."
518. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025_521-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025_521-1) ["Senate to vote to formalize DOGE cuts to public broadcasting, USAID"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/senate-formalize-cuts-public-broadcast-usaid-weeks-end/story?id=123741614), *ABC News*, July 14, 2025. In a post on July 10, President Trump said, "It is very important that all Republicans adhere to my Recissions Bill and, in particular, DEFUND THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING (PBS and NPR), which is worse than CNN & MSDNC put together. Any Republican that votes to allow this monstrosity to continue broadcasting will not have my support or Endorsement. Thank you for your attention to this matter!"
519. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC,_Trump's_cuts_clear_Congress,_July_17,_2025_522-0)**
["Trump's cuts to NPR, PBS and foreign aid clear Congress"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/trumps-cuts-npr-pbs-foreign-aid-pass-congress-rcna219296). *NBC*. July 17, 2025.
520. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-523)**
Jonathan Landay; Daphne Psaledakis (March 28, 2025). ["Remaining USAID staff fired, Trump says Myanmar will still get earthquake aid"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/state-department-notified-congress-intent-reorganize-usaid-rubio-says-2025-03-28/). *Reuters*.
521. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-524)**
["Jamaica relief efforts continue in aftermath of Hurricane Melissa"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jamaica-relief-efforts-continue-aftermath-of-hurricane-melissa/). *CBS News*. November 1, 2025.
522. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-525)**
["State Department touts foreign assistance during Hurricane Melissa without USAID"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/state-department-touts-foreign-assistance-hurricane-melissa-usaid/story?id=127361232). *ABC News*. November 10, 2025.
523. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-526)**
["USCIS Officially Pauses Uniting for Ukraine (U4U) Applications and Ukrainian Re-Parole until Further Notice"](https://ukrainetaskforce.org/uscis-officially-pauses-new-uniting-for-ukraine-u4u-applications-until-further-notice/). *Ukraine immigration task force*. January 28, 2025. Retrieved February 24, 2025.
524. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-527)**
["U.S. pauses immigration applications for certain migrants welcomed under Biden"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-pauses-immigration-applications-for-certain-migrants-welcomed-under-biden/). *CBS News*. February 19, 2025.
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list "Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list"))
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631. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-634)**
Mickle, Tripp; Swanson, Ana (August 6, 2025). ["Trump Threatens 100% Tariff on Chips, With a Big Caveat"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/06/technology/trump-chip-tariffs-semiconductors.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
632. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-635)**
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633. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-636)**
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634. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-637)**
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635. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-638)**
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636. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-639)**
Pindell, James (May 13, 2025). ["Trump is trying to find and exploit the leverage points for everyone â except those giving him gifts"](https://www.bostonglobe.com/2025/05/13/nation/trump-gifts-qatar-presidency-sec/). *[The Boston Globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe "The Boston Globe")*. Retrieved May 18, 2025.
637. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-640)**
Taylor, Chloe (August 20, 2025). ["Trump has snapped up more than \$100 million in bonds since taking office"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/08/20/trump-splurged-on-more-than-100-million-in-bonds-since-taking-office.html). *CNBC*. Retrieved August 23, 2025.
638. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-641)**
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639. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-642)**
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640. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-643)**
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641. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-644)**
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642. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-645)**
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643. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-646)**
Jackson, Katharine; Pitas, Costas; Sulaiman, Stefanno. ["Indonesian president asks Trump for meeting with son Eric in 'hot mic' moment"](https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesian-president-asks-trump-meeting-with-son-eric-hot-mic-moment-2025-10-13/). *Reuters*.
644. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-647)**
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645. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-648)**
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646. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-649)**
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647. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-650)**
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648. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-651)**
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649. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-652)**
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650. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-653)**
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651. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-654)**
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652. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-655)**
Pager, Tyler (October 25, 2025). ["Donor Who Gave \$130 Million to Pay Troops Is Reclusive Heir to Mellon Fortune"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/25/us/politics/timothy-mellon-donation-troops.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
653. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-656)**
Montague, Zach (October 8, 2025). ["Tom Homan Was Said to Have Received \$50,000 From Agents. He May Not Have to Return It"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/08/us/politics/tom-homan-sting-money.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
654. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-657)**
Stein, Perry; Davis, Aaron C. (September 21, 2025). ["Trump officials shut down bribery probe of border czar Tom Homan"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/09/21/trump-administration-bribery-probe-homan/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*.
655. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-658)**
Barrett, Devlin; [Thrush, Glenn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Thrush "Glenn Thrush"); Feuer, Alan; [Haberman, Maggie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Haberman "Maggie Haberman"); Aleaziz, Hamed (September 22, 2025). ["Trump Justice Dept. Closed Investigation Into Tom Homan for Accepting Bag of Cash"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/20/us/politics/tom-homan-fbi-trump.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
656. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-SAM_LLC_USASpending_659-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-SAM_LLC_USASpending_659-1)
["IDV to SAFE AMERICA MEDIA LLC"](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/CONT_IDV_70RDA225D00000004_7001). *[USAspending.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAspending.gov "USAspending.gov")*. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
657. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-660)**
["Ranking Members Connolly and Thompson Launch Investigation into DHS's \$200 Million Bizarre "Thank You Trump" Ad Campaign Awarded to Cronies"](https://web.archive.org/web/20250409161008/https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/news/press-releases/ranking-members-connolly-and-thompson-launch-investigation-dhss-200-million). *[House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform "House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform") (Democrats)*. March 21, 2025. Archived from [the original](https://oversightdemocrats.house.gov/news/press-releases/ranking-members-connolly-and-thompson-launch-investigation-dhss-200-million) on April 9, 2025.
658. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-6)
Elliott, Justin; Kaplan, Joshua; Mierjeski, Alex (November 14, 2025). ["Firm Tied to Kristi Noem Secretly Got Money From \$220 Million DHS Ad Contracts"](https://www.propublica.org/article/kristi-noem-dhs-ad-campaign-strategy-group). *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")*.
659. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-662)**
Belmore, Ryan (October 22, 2025). ["Firm using Alexandria address wins \$220M federal contract for Trump immigration ads"](https://www.alxnow.com/2025/10/22/firm-using-alexandria-address-wins-220m-federal-contract-for-trump-immigration-ads/). *[ALXnow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALXnow "ALXnow")*.
660. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-663)**
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661. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-664)**
["Ben Yoho"](https://ballotpedia.org/Ben_Yoho). *[Ballotpedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballotpedia "Ballotpedia")*.
662. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-665)**
["Tricia McLaughlin"](http://web.archive.org/web/20260226092142/https://www.dhs.gov/person/tricia-mclaughlin). *[DHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHS "DHS")*. Archived from [the original](https://www.dhs.gov/person/tricia-mclaughlin) on February 26, 2026.
663. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-666)**
Multiple sources
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664. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-667)**
["IDV to PEOPLE WHO THINK, L.L.C."](https://www.usaspending.gov/award/CONT_IDV_70RDA225D00000003_7001) *[USASpending.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USASpending.gov "USASpending.gov")*.
665. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-668)**
Gomez Licon, Adriana (March 10, 2025). ["How the White House hired Republican political firms to launch an anti-migrant ad campaign"](https://apnews.com/article/dhs-immigration-award-republican-ad-campaign-e7939619195791493e828dfd20604d65). *[AP News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_News "AP News")*. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
666. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-669)**
[Fahrenthold, David A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Fahrenthold "David A. Fahrenthold") (November 18, 2025). ["Trump Library Foundation Expects to Raise \$50 Million This Year"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/18/us/politics/trump-library-foundation-expects-to-raise-50-million-this-year.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
667. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-670)**
["Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Secures \$200 Billion in New U.S.-UAE Deals and Accelerates Previously Committed \$1.4 Trillion UAE Investment"](http://web.archive.org/web/20260219074603/https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-200-billion-in-new-u-s-uae-deals-and-accelerates-previously-committed-1-4-trillion-uae-investment/). *[whitehouse.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehouse.gov "Whitehouse.gov")*. May 15, 2025. Archived from [the original](https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-200-billion-in-new-u-s-uae-deals-and-accelerates-previously-committed-1-4-trillion-uae-investment/) on February 19, 2026.
668. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-671)**
[Swan, Jonathan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swan "Jonathan Swan"); Nereim, Vivian; Naar, Ismaeel; [Sanger, David E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Sanger "David E. Sanger"); [Broadwater, Luke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Broadwater "Luke Broadwater") (May 12, 2025). ["Trump Heads to the Middle East Focused on Business Deals, Not Diplomacy"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/us/politics/trump-middle-east-visit-saudi-arabia-qatar-uae.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
669. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-672)**
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670. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-673)**
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671. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-674)**
Kamisar, Ben (April 21, 2025). ["Major corporate interests and megadonors gave \$239 million to fund Trump's inauguration"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/21/major-corporate-interests-and-megadonors-gave-239-million-to-fund-trumps-inauguration.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*.
672. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-675)**
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673. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-676)**
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674. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-677)**
Green, Erica L.; Cameron, Chris (September 5, 2025). ["Trump Will Host G20 Summit in 2026 at His Doral Resort"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/05/us/politics/trump-g20-summit-miami.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
675. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-678)**
[@realDonaldTrump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/@realDonaldTrump "@realDonaldTrump") (January 6, 2026). ["Truth Details"](https://web.archive.org/web/20260110053018/https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115850817778602689). *[Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social")*. Archived from [the original](https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115850817778602689) on January 10, 2026. "I am pleased to announce that the Interim Authorities in Venezuela will be turning over between 30 and 50 MILLION Barrels of High Quality, Sanctioned Oil, to the United States of America. This Oil will be sold at its Market Price, and that money will be controlled by me, as President of the United States of America, to ensure it is used to benefit the people of Venezuela and the United States! I have asked Energy Secretary Chris Wright to execute this plan, immediately. It will be taken by storage ships, and brought directly to unloading docks in the United States. Thank you for your attention to this matter\!"
676. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-679)**
[Hulse, Carl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hulse "Carl Hulse") (January 7, 2026). ["Trump's Claim to Venezuelan Oil Money Draws Scrutiny in Congress"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/07/us/politics/congress-trump-venezuela-oil-constitution.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
677. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-680)**
Isidore, Chris; Cancryn, Adam (January 15, 2026). ["Why the Trump administration is holding millions of dollars from Venezuelan oil sales in a Qatari bank \| CNN Business"](https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/15/business/qatar-venezuela-oil-sale-account). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*.
678. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-681)**
Talcott, Shelby; Mueller, Eleanor (January 14, 2026). ["US gets first \$500 million Venezuelan oil deal, holding some proceeds in Qatar"](https://www.semafor.com/article/01/14/2026/us-gets-first-500-million-venezuelan-oil-deal-holding-some-proceeds-in-qatar). *[Semafor (website)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor_\(website\) "Semafor (website)")*.
679. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-682)**
[Benen, Steve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Benen "Steve Benen") (January 29, 2026). ["Rubio sparks new questions by admitting funds from oil sales are going into Qatari account"](https://www.ms.now/rachel-maddow-show/maddowblog/venezuela-oil-sales-qatar-bank-account-marco-rubio). *[MS NOW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_NOW "MS NOW")*.
680. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-683)**
Faturechi, Robert; Roberts, Brandon (May 14, 2025). ["U.S. AG Pam Bondi Sold More than \$1 Million in Trump Media Stock the Day Trump Announced Sweeping Tariffs"](https://www.propublica.org/article/pam-bondi-trump-media-stock-tariffs). *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")*.
681. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-684)**
Nover, Scott (January 16, 2026). ["Trump bought \$1M in Netflix, Warner Bros. bonds after merger announcement"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/16/trump-bought-1m-netflix-warner-bros-bonds-after-merger-announcement/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*.
682. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-685)**
Friedman, Lisa (January 20, 2026). ["Democrats Seek Investigation of \$3.5 Million Deal by Interior Official's Husband"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/20/climate/nevada-mine-interior-department-karen-budd-falen-water-investigation.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
683. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-686)**
Yourish, Karen; [Vogel, Kenneth P.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_P._Vogel "Kenneth P. Vogel"); Smart, Charlie (December 22, 2025). ["Hundreds of Big Post-Election Donors Have Benefited From Trump's Return to Office"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/12/22/us/politics/trump-donors-fundraising-benefits.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
684. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-687)**
Duehren, Andrew (January 30, 2026). ["Trump's Lawsuit Against I.R.S. Creates 'Enormous Conflict of Interest'"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/30/us/politics/trump-lawsuit-irs-taxes.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
685. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-688)**
["U.S. Department of the Treasury Announces Intent to Launch Fast Track Pilot Program for Foreign Investors"](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0136). *[Treasury.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasury.gov "Treasury.gov")*. May 8, 2025.
686. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake_689-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake_689-1)
Kessler, Sam; [Ballhaus, Rebecca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Ballhaus "Rebecca Ballhaus"); Brown, Eliot; Berwick, Angus (February 1, 2026). ["'Spy Sheikh' Bought Secret Stake in Trump Company"](https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/spy-sheikh-secret-stake-trump-crypto-tahnoon-ea4d97e8). *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*.
687. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-690)**
Vogel, Kenneth P.; Jewett, Christina (January 27, 2026). ["After Donations, Trump Administration Revoked Rule Requiring More Nursing Home Staff"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/27/us/politics/after-donations-trump-administration-revoked-rule-requiring-more-nursing-home-staff.html). *The New York Times*.
688. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-691)**
Landay, Jonathan; Gillison, Douglas (February 13, 2026). ["Exclusive: White House uses USAID funds for budget director Vought's security, documents show"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-uses-usaid-funds-budget-director-voughts-security-documents-show-2026-02-13/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*.
689. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-692)**
Stone, Peter (May 25, 2025). ["'Roadmap for corruption': Trump dive into cryptocurrency raises ethics alarm"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/may/25/trump-crypto-corruption-ethics). *The Guardian*.
690. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-693)**
Goodman, Jasper (January 18, 2025). ["Trump launches crypto meme coin, ballooning net worth ahead of inauguration"](https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/18/trump-crypto-meme-coin-inauguration-00199157). *Politico*. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
691. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-694)**
Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David (January 19, 2025). ["Trump's Cryptocurrency Surges to Become One of the World's Most Valuable"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/19/us/politics/trump-cryptocurrency-surges.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved January 19, 2025.
692. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-695)**
Romm, Tony (January 19, 2025). ["Trump promotes meme coin, raising ethics issues as value soars"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/19/trump-meme-coin-crypto/). *The Washington Post*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0190-8286](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286). Retrieved January 19, 2025.
693. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-696)**
Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David (May 12, 2025). ["Auction to Dine With Trump Creates Foreign Influence Opportunity"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/us/politics/trump-crypto-coin-auction.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved May 18, 2025.
694. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-697)**
Steer, George (June 14, 2025). ["Donald Trump discloses \$57mn earnings from crypto venture"](https://www.ft.com/content/1508d831-60bb-4287-9c76-da7d730cf584). *Financial Times*.
695. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-698)**
Lubin, Rhian (June 15, 2025). ["Trump's made over \$50 million from stake in crypto firm"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-financial-disclosure-crypto-merchandise-b2770217.html). *The Independent*.
696. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-699)**
Yaffe-Bellany, David; Vogel, Kenneth P. (May 12, 2025). ["Trump Family Bitcoin Company Announces Plan to Go Public"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/business/trump-american-bitcoin-crypto.html). *The New York Times*.
[ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [3202859086](https://www.proquest.com/docview/3202859086). Retrieved May 18, 2025.
697. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_20250912_700-0)**
Sanger, David (September 12, 2025). ["Trump Downplays Violence on the Right and Says the Left Is the Problem"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/12/us/politics/trump-charlie-kirk-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250914051517/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/12/us/politics/trump-charlie-kirk-shooting.html) from the original on September 14, 2025.
698. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-701)**
Green, Erica L.; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Haberman, Maggie (March 20, 2025). ["How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/20/us/politics/trump-power-courts-crisis.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved March 20, 2025. "President Trump's expansive interpretation of presidential power has become the defining characteristic of his second term."
699. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Time_and_Cato_702-0)**
Schneid, Rebecca (September 16, 2025). ["Trump Called for a Crackdown on the 'Radical Left.' But Right-Wing Extremists Are Responsible for More Political Violence"](https://time.com/7317383/political-violence-america-trump-crackdown-right/). *time.com*. Time magazine. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250918205014/https://time.com/7317383/political-violence-america-trump-crackdown-right/) from the original on September 18, 2025.
â For data, Schneid cites
Nowrasteh, Alex (September 11, 2025). ["Politically Motivated Violence Is Rare in the United States"](https://www.cato.org/blog/politically-motivated-violence-rare-united-states). The Cato Institute. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250917050147/https://www.cato.org/blog/politically-motivated-violence-rare-united-states) from the original on September 17, 2025.
Table 2.
700. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-AP_20250914_703-0)**
Riccardi, Nicholas (September 14, 2025). ["Blame game after acts of political violence can lead to further attacks, experts warn"](https://apnews.com/article/charlie-kirk-political-violence-shootings-utah-7b4e9b662932943a77635a0f8e839270). *AP News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250915125254/https://apnews.com/article/charlie-kirk-political-violence-shootings-utah-7b4e9b662932943a77635a0f8e839270) from the original on September 15, 2025.
701. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-704)**
Mazaetti, Mark; Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 28, 2025). ["In Exacting Retribution, Trump Aims at the Future as Well as the Past"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/27/us/politics/trump-politics-enemies-pompeo-fauci.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved January 28, 2025. "In his first week in office, President Trump made clear that his promises to exact revenge on his perceived enemies were not empty campaign pledges â and that his retribution is intended not just to impose punishment for the past but also to intimidate anyone who might cross him in the future."
702. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Collinson_1282025_705-0)**
Collinson, Stephen (January 28, 2025). ["Trump sets about his retribution agenda with relish"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/28/politics/trump-retribution-agenda-analysis/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "The president is wasting no time in following through on his frequent campaign trail vows for retribution â with a torrent of purges and pardons."
703. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025_706-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025_706-1)
Dreisbach, Tom (April 28, 2025). ["Trump has used government powers to target more than 100 perceived enemies"](https://www.npr.org/2025/04/29/nx-s1-5327518/donald-trump-100-days-retribution-threats). *[NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")*. Retrieved April 29, 2025. "In the first 100 days of his second term, President Trump has moved aggressively to fulfill his promise of retribution against an extraordinary range of individuals and organizations, targeting political opponents, news organizations, former government officials, universities, international student protesters and law firms."
704. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Moynihan_707-0)**
Moynihan, Donald (July 10, 2025). ["Trump, Personalism, and US Administrative Capacity"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpolp.70059). *[Politics and Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_and_Policy "Politics and Policy")*. **53** (4) e70059. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/polp.70059](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpolp.70059). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1555-5623](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-5623).
705. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Byron_1222025_1_708-0)**
Tau, Byron (January 22, 2025). ["White House would have many ways to upend lives of Trump's enemies"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-revenge-retribution-retaliation-cedc7c78a1b28e4d5956f1d8e57761b8). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250122231021/https://apnews.com/article/trump-revenge-retribution-retaliation-cedc7c78a1b28e4d5956f1d8e57761b8) from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
706. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025_709-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025_709-1)
["Who will stop Donald Trump's drive for unchecked power?"](https://www.economist.com/united-states/2025/04/24/who-will-stop-donald-trumps-drive-for-unchecked-power). *The Economist*. April 24, 2025. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
707. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-710)**
[Savage, Charlie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Savage_\(author\) "Charlie Savage (author)") (February 5, 2025). ["Trump Brazenly Defies Laws in Escalating Executive Power Grab"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/05/us/trump-federal-law-power.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
708. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-711)**
Rein, Lisa (January 29, 2025). ["How Trump is stretching laws to make the federal government more political"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/29/trump-federal-government-laws-schedule-f/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
709. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-712)**
Pereira, Ivan (January 28, 2025). ["Trump funding freeze a blatant violation of Constitution, federal law: Legal experts"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-funding-freeze-blatant-violation-constitution-federal-law/story?id=118183957). *[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)")*. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
710. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Vogel_&_Goldmacher_2025_713-0)**
[Vogel, Kenneth P.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_P._Vogel "Kenneth P. Vogel"); Goldmacher, Shane (March 19, 2025). ["With Orders, Investigations and Innuendo, Trump and G.O.P. Aim to Cripple the Left"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/19/us/politics/trump-republicans-attack-democrats-actblue.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
711. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_01272025_714-0)**
Basu, Zachary; Lawler, Dave (January 27, 2025). ["Trump's bureaucracy goes to war"](https://www.axios.com/2025/01/27/trump-federal-eorkers-inspectors-general). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
712. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025_715-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025_715-1)
Savage, Charlie (April 30, 2025). ["Trump's Maximalist Assertion of Presidential Power Tests the Rule of Law"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/30/us/politics/trump-100-days-president-power-law.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved May 4, 2025. "The president, far more than in his first term, has cast aside a post-Watergate norm that the White House should stay out of law enforcement decisions. After years of baselessly accusing Barack Obama and Joseph R. Biden Jr. of directing investigations into him, he has made a reality the very weaponization of the Justice Department he once railed against."
713. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Cooper_09062025_716-0)**
Cooper, Jonathan J. (September 6, 2025). ["How Donald Trump is weaponizing the government to settle personal scores and pursue his agenda"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-weaponizing-government-second-term-54ab244ccb2328d116a498bbaeb680ef). *The Associated Press*. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
714. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_07302025_717-0)**
Basu, Zachary (July 30, 2025). ["Trump's billion-dollar settlement spree"](https://www.axios.com/2025/07/30/trump-harvard-settlement-dei-lawsuit). *Axios*. Retrieved July 30, 2025. "America's most elite institutions have largely succumbed to the Trump administration's cultural crackdown, opting to pay up â often to the tune of tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars â rather than fight back."
715. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Lucas_2025_718-0)**
Lucas, Ryan (March 19, 2025). ["Experts say Trump's targeting of law firms is unprecedented"](https://www.npr.org/2025/03/19/nx-s1-5323890/experts-say-trumps-targeting-of-law-firms-is-unprecedented). *[All Things Considered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Things_Considered "All Things Considered")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
716. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Scarcella,_Merken_&_Sloan_2025_719-0)**
Scarcella, Mike; Merken, Sara; Sloan, Karen (March 21, 2025). ["Law firm Paul Weiss defends deal with Trump as lawyers sound alarm"](https://www.reuters.com/legal/trumps-deal-with-law-firm-paul-weiss-sparks-alarm-among-lawyers-2025-03-21/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025. "... marked an unprecedented attack on their ability to do business."
717. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Kanno-Youngs-2025_720-0)**
Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Pager, Tyler; Aleaziz, Hamed (March 21, 2025). ["As Trump Broadens Crackdown, Focus Expands to Legal Immigrants and Tourists"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/us/politics/trump-immigration-visa-crackdown.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved March 29, 2025.
718. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-721)**
Danner, Chas (May 3, 2025). ["All the U.S. Citizens Who've Been Caught Up in Trump's Immigration Crackdown"](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/tracking-us-citizens-children-detained-deported-ice-trump-updates.html). *New York Magazine*. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
719. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Riccardi_2025_722-0)**
Riccardi, Nicholas (March 1, 2025). ["Trump's moves test the limits of presidential power and the resilience of US democracy"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-democracy-autocrats-authoritarian-constitution-threat-542ac437a58880e81c052f8f2df1643f). *[AP News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_News "AP News")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025. ""Trump is using the classic elected authoritarian playbook," said Brendan Nyhan of Dartmouth College, who joined more than 800 other political scientists in signing a letter warning that Trump is undermining the rule of law and the basic constitutional principle of checks and balances."
720. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Leingang-2025_723-0)**
Leingang, Rachel; Noor, Dharna (April 10, 2025). ["Fear spreads as Trump targets lawyers and non-profits in 'authoritarian' takedown"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/10/trump-administration-authoritarian). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
721. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Mascaro-2025_724-0)**
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729. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-732)**
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Kottke, Jason (February 14, 2025). ["The Venn Diagram of Trump's Authoritarian Actions"](https://kottke.org/25/02/the-venn-diagram-of-trumps-authoritarian-actions). *kottke.org*. Retrieved February 14, 2025.
773. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-777)**
Sandbu, Martin (January 30, 2025). ["Donald Trump's administrative self-coup"](https://www.ft.com/content/a221a10a-5ac2-47b6-ba8b-30e18553c181). *Financial Times*. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "This assault on both Congress's power of the purse and on the US's administrative state is as much of a self-coup as was the spurring of insurrectionists on January 6, 2021."
774. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-778)**
Norris, Alex (February 13, 2025). ["Is It a Coup?"](https://www.liberalcurrents.com/is-it-a-coup/). *Liberal Currents*. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "Verdict: Self coup, in-progress, success still unknown"
775. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-779)**
Morgebesser, Lee (February 13, 2025). ["Why we should be worried about Elon Musk's siege of the US government"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/elon-musk-donald-trump-government-state-capture-coup-b2697554.html). *The Independent*. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "More accurately, Musk's siege amounts to a form of 'state capture'. This refers to 'the appropriation of state resources by political actors for their own ends: either private or political.'"
776. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_CompositePolling_2025_780-0)**
Daniel, Annie; Huang, Jon; Igielnik, Ruth; Lee, Jasmine C.; Lemonides, Alex; Smith, Jonah; Sun, Albert; Taylor, Rumsey (March 17, 2025). ["President Trump's Approval Rating: Latest Polls"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/polls/donald-trump-approval-rating-polls.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251110164022/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/polls/donald-trump-approval-rating-polls.html) from the original on November 10, 2025. Retrieved November 11, 2025.
777. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_20251226_781-0)**
Rattner, Steven (December 26, 2025). ["Trump's First Year Back, in 10 Charts / Chart 9. America the Unhappy"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/12/27/opinion/year-in-charts-2025.html). *The New York Times*.
(Rattner credits: "Source: Gallup" and "Graphics by Sara Chodosh")
778. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:4_782-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:4_782-1)
Brenan, Megan (January 29, 2025). ["Trump's Inaugural Approval Rating Is Historically Low Again"](https://news.gallup.com/poll/655955/trump-inaugural-approval-rating-historically-low-again.aspx). [Gallup, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc.") Retrieved February 23, 2025.
779. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-783)**
Salvanto, Anthony; De Pinto, Jennifer; Backus, Fred; Khanna, Kabir (February 9, 2025). ["CBS News poll â Trump has positive approval amid "energetic" opening weeks; seen as doing what he promised â CBS News"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-approval-opinion-poll-2025-2-9/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). Retrieved February 13, 2025.
780. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-784)**
Langer, Gary (April 26, 2025). ["Trump has lowest 100-day approval rating in 80 years: Poll"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-lowest-100-day-approval-rating-80-years/story?id=121165473). *[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)")*. Retrieved May 17, 2025.
781. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-785)**
Brenan, Megan (July 24, 2025). ["Independents Drive Trump's Approval to 37% Second-Term Low"](https://news.gallup.com/poll/692879/independents-drive-trump-approval-second-term-low.aspx). *Gallup*. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
782. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-786)**
Palmer, Kathryn (August 15, 2025). ["Trump approval rating round-up: Where does president stand in recent polls?"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/08/15/trump-approval-rating-polls/85663008007/). *USA Today*. Retrieved August 16, 2025. "It's the latest in a string of national surveys released in the past month giving Trump record-low numbers, following a 37% approval from a July 7â21 Gallup poll and a 40% approval rating from a Reuters/Ispos poll at the end of the month. A historical analysis by Gallup shows Trump's approval ratings in the first July of both of his terms are lower than those of any other modern president."
783. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-787)**
Skelley, Geoffrey (March 28, 2019). ["Trump's Approval Rating Is Incredibly Steady. Is That Weird Or The New Normal?"](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/trumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal/). *[FiveThirtyEight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FiveThirtyEight "FiveThirtyEight")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
784. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-788)**
Dunn, Amina (August 24, 2020). ["Trump's approval ratings so far are unusually stable - and deeply partisan"](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/08/24/trumps-approval-ratings-so-far-are-unusually-stable-and-deeply-partisan/). *[Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
785. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-789)**
Dann, Carrie (January 17, 2021). ["Trump approval remains stable in new NBC poll, with Republicans unmoved after Capitol violence"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/meet-the-press/poll-trump-approval-remains-stable-republicans-unmoved-after-capitol-violence-n1254457). *[NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
786. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-790)**
Kiley, Jocelyn (September 30, 2025). ["Americans view Trump, Vance and congressional leaders in both parties more negatively than positively"](https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/09/30/americans-view-trump-vance-and-congressional-leaders-in-both-parties-more-negatively-than-positively/). *[Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
787. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-791)**
Blanton, Dana (January 28, 2026). ["Fox News Poll: Donald Trump starts 2026 with 44% approval"](https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fox-news-poll-donald-trump-starts-2026-44-approval). *[Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News")*. Retrieved February 3, 2026.
788. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-792)**
Thomson-DeVeaux, Amelia; Cooper, Jonathan J. (July 27, 2025). ["It's a year of rapid change, except when it comes to Trump's approval numbers, AP-NORC polling finds"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-approval-polling-favorability-presidential-approval-poll-f7eee34a49d2db7670577f4491e1caf0). *[Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press")*. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
789. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC_News,_What_the_National_Guard_has_been_seen_doing_in_Los_Angeles_area,_June_10,_2025_793-0)**
Hayes, Christal (June 10, 2025). ["What the National Guard has been seen doing in Los Angeles area"](https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cgr5vgexj1gt?post=asset%3A8568b43d-99e5-4f20-9651-2202fab4626b#post). *BBC News*. Retrieved November 11, 2025.
790. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Pitas_06102025_794-0)**
Pitas, Costas (June 10, 2025). ["Key facts about Los Angeles, progressive beacon at center of anti-Trump backlash"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/los-angeles-progressive-beacon-center-anti-trump-backlash-2025-06-10/). *Reuters*. Retrieved January 10, 2025. "Protests in Los Angeles against raids on suspected undocumented immigrants have turned into the strongest domestic backlash against President Donald Trump since he took office in January."
791. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Bose_07082025_795-0)**
Bose, Nandita (June 8, 2025). ["Political divide widens as Trump deploys National Guard to Los Angeles"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/political-divide-widens-trump-deploys-national-guard-los-angeles-2025-06-08/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved June 9, 2025. "The protests against the raids have become the latest focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest rights, and the use of federal force in domestic affairs. It also has fueled discussion on the boundaries of presidential power and the public's right to dissent."
792. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-796)**
["US weighs requiring banks collect citizenship data: reports"](https://www.businesstimes.com.sghttps//www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/banking-finance/us-weighs-requiring-banks-collect-citizenship-data-reports). *The Business Times*. February 25, 2026. Retrieved February 27, 2026.
793. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025_797-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025_797-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025_797-2)
Bernd Debusmann; John Sudworth; Kayla Epstein (June 14, 2025). ["Mass protests against Trump across US as president holds military parade"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c70622038yxo.amp). *BBC News*. Retrieved November 11, 2025.
794. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-798)**
Oppenheim, Oren (June 14, 2025). ["What to know about 'No Kings Day' protests across US to counter Trump's military parade"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/kings-day-protests-us-counter-trumps-military-parade/story?id=122813898). *ABC News*. Retrieved June 17, 2025.
795. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-799)**
Ewing, Giselle Ruhiyyih (June 14, 2025). ["The Resistance 2.0 arrives with nationwide 'No Kings' protests"](https://www.politico.com/news/2025/06/14/no-kings-protest-trump-00406243). *Politico*. Retrieved June 15, 2025. "As President Donald Trump's military parade rolled through the nation's capital on Saturday, millions of Americans across the country took part in the largest coordinated protests against the president since the start of his second administration."
796. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-800)**
["A peaceful day of No Kings protests across Oregon ends with a show of force in Portland"](https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/19/a-peaceful-day-of-no-kings-protests-across-oregon-ends-with-a-show-of-force-in-portland/). *[Oregon Public Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting "Oregon Public Broadcasting")*. October 19, 2025. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251027231843/https://www.opb.org/article/2025/10/19/a-peaceful-day-of-no-kings-protests-across-oregon-ends-with-a-show-of-force-in-portland/) from the original on October 27, 2025. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
797. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-801)**
O'Neal, Olivia (October 20, 2025). ["TSF story: Protestors rally at Statehouse for No Kings 2.0"](https://indianacitizen.org/tsf-story-protestors-rally-at-statehouse-for-no-kings-2-0/). *The Indiana Citizen*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251020142240/https://indianacitizen.org/tsf-story-protestors-rally-at-statehouse-for-no-kings-2-0/) from the original on October 20, 2025. Retrieved October 26, 2025 â via TheStatehouseFile.com.
798. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-802)**
Ober, Ryley (October 24, 2025). ["Why weren't Asheville streets closed for 'No Kings'?"](https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2025/10/24/why-didnt-police-close-downtown-asheville-streets-for-no-kings/86798700007/). *[Asheville Citizen-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asheville_Citizen-Times "Asheville Citizen-Times")*. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
799. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-803)**
Hastings, Jenette (October 18, 2025). ["'No Kings Day 2.0' rally brings out thousands in Charlottesville"](https://www.29news.com/2025/10/18/no-kings-day-20-rally-brings-out-thousands-charlottesville/). *[WVIR-TV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVIR-TV "WVIR-TV")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251020084836/https://www.29news.com/2025/10/18/no-kings-day-20-rally-brings-out-thousands-charlottesville/) from the original on October 20, 2025. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
800. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-804)**
Long, Ariama C. (October 20, 2025). ["NYC No Kings Day 2.0"](https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2025/10/20/nyc-no-kings-day-2-0/). *[New York Amsterdam News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Amsterdam_News "New York Amsterdam News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251027064720/https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2025/10/20/nyc-no-kings-day-2-0/) from the original on October 27, 2025. Retrieved October 26, 2025.
801. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-October_2025_No_Kings_protests_AJE_millions_no_kings_805-0)**
["Millions of US protesters hold anti-Trump 'No Kings' rallies"](https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/10/19/photos-millions-of-us-protesters-hold-anti-trump-no-kings-rallies). *[Al Jazeera English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English "Al Jazeera English")*. October 19, 2025. [Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_\(identifier\) "WDQ (identifier)") [Q136533001](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136533001 "d:Q136533001"). [Archived](http://web.archive.org/web/20260210072214/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/10/19/photos-millions-of-us-protesters-hold-anti-trump-no-kings-rallies) from the original on February 10, 2026.
802. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-806)** [Millions rally against Trump at âNo Kingsâ protests across the US, organizers say. Hereâs why protesters say they attended](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/19/us/protestors-voices-no-kings-trump) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251107232413/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/19/us/protestors-voices-no-kings-trump) November 7, 2025, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") CNN, Retrieved 8 November 2025
803. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-807)**
Morris, G. Elliott. ["Second "No Kings Day" protests the largest single-day political protest ever\*, with 5â6.5 million participants"](https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/second-no-kings-day-protests-likely). *G Elliott Morris*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251020023546/https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/second-no-kings-day-protests-likely) from the original on October 20, 2025. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
804. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-808)**
["No Kings Coalition Responds to Escalating Brutality and Authoritarianism with Immediate Action and Future Mobilization; Condemns ICE's Deadly Actions"](https://www.nokings.org/news/no-kings-coalition-responds-to-escalating-brutality). *No Kings*. January 28, 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260202063818/https://www.nokings.org/news/no-kings-coalition-responds-to-escalating-brutality) from the original on February 2, 2026. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
## External links
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg) Quotations related to [Second presidency of Donald Trump](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "wikiquote:Special:Search/Second presidency of Donald Trump") at Wikiquote
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|---|---|
| General | [Appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_appointments_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Political appointments of the second Trump administration") [ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of ambassadors appointed in the second Trump presidency") [attorneys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump#Second_term "List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") [Vance vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_JD_Vance "Vice presidency of JD Vance") [Executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency") [Biden directives rescission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14148 "Executive Order 14148") [Defense Department secondary name authorization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14347 "Executive Order 14347") [JFK-RFK-MLK assassination records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14176 "Executive Order 14176") [Legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency") [Use of copyrighted works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_copyrighted_works_by_the_second_Trump_administration "Use of copyrighted works by the second Trump administration") [Opinion polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_second_Trump_presidency "Opinion polling on the second Trump presidency") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of people granted executive clemency in the second Trump presidency") [January 6 defendants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants") Proclamations [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2025\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2025)") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump_\(2026\) "List of proclamations by Donald Trump (2026)") [Trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "Lists of presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2025\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2025)") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_\(2026\) "List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2026)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Marco_Rubio_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State "List of international trips made by Marco Rubio as United States Secretary of State") |
| Events | |
| | |
| [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") | [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "First 100 days of the second Trump presidency") 2025 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q1\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q1)") [Q2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q2\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q2)") [Q3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q3\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q3)") [Q4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2025_Q4\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2025 Q4)") 2026 [Q1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_second_Trump_presidency_\(2026_Q1\) "Timeline of the second Trump presidency (2026 Q1)") |
| Speeches | [2025 congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2025 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress") [2025 United Nations speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_at_the_United_Nations "2025 Donald Trump speech at the United Nations") [2026 State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_State_of_the_Union_Address "2026 State of the Union Address") |
| Other | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") [2025 Vote Count](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count "2025 United States Electoral College vote count") [Inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") [2025 stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_stock_market_crash "2025 stock market crash") [United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_250th_Anniversary_Parade "United States Army 250th Anniversary Parade") [Assassination of Charlie Kirk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Charlie_Kirk "Assassination of Charlie Kirk") [Memorial service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_service_of_Charlie_Kirk "Memorial service of Charlie Kirk") [2025 federal government shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_shutdown "2025 United States federal government shutdown") [SNAP shutdown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_SNAP_shutdown "2025 SNAP shutdown") [2026 federal government shutdowns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdowns "2026 United States federal government shutdowns") [United States Semiquincentennial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial "United States Semiquincentennial") [Memorial Circle arch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_Circle_arch "Memorial Circle arch") |
| [Policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") | |
| | |
| [Domestic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic policy of the second Trump administration") | [Cannabis policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Cannabis policy of the second Trump administration") [DEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion_policies_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Diversity, equity, and inclusion policies of the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14151](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14151 "Executive Order 14151") [Executive Order 14173](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14173 "Executive Order 14173") *[National Urban League v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Urban_League_v._Trump "National Urban League v. Trump")* *[San Francisco AIDS Foundation v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_AIDS_Foundation_v._Trump "San Francisco AIDS Foundation v. Trump")* [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Education policy of the second Trump administration") [Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14188 "Executive Order 14188") [CRT and gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14190 "Executive Order 14190") [Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_for_Academic_Excellence_in_Higher_Education "Compact for Academic Excellence in Higher Education") [Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_to_Combat_Anti-Semitism "Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism") *[E.K. v. Department of Defense Education Activity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.K._v._Department_of_Defense_Education_Activity "E.K. v. Department of Defense Education Activity")* [Columbia University settlement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University%27s_settlement_with_the_Trump_administration "Columbia University's settlement with the Trump administration") *[Harvard College v. HHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_v._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Harvard v. Department of Health and Human Services")* [English official language designation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14224 "Executive Order 14224") [Executive Order 14172](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14172 "Executive Order 14172") [Gulf of Mexico naming controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico_naming_controversy "Gulf of Mexico naming controversy") [DenaliâMount McKinley naming dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denali%E2%80%93Mount_McKinley_naming_dispute "DenaliâMount McKinley naming dispute") [Federal grants freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause") [Federal hiring freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_hiring_freeze "2025 United States federal hiring freeze") [Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jocelyn_Nungaray_National_Wildlife_Refuge "Jocelyn Nungaray National Wildlife Refuge") [Science policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Science policy of the second Trump administration") [NOAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOAA_in_the_second_Trump_administration "NOAA in the second Trump administration") [University of Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_in_the_second_Trump_administration "University of Oklahoma in the second Trump administration") [Smithsonian Institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14253 "Executive Order 14253") [Space policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Space policy of the second Trump administration") [NYC congestion pricing approval revocation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing_in_New_York_City "Congestion pricing in New York City") [Office of Shipbuilding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Shipbuilding "United States Office of Shipbuilding") [Online resource removals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_online_resource_removals "2025 United States government online resource removals") [Defense Department DEI censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense_censorship_of_DEI-connected_material "U.S. Department of Defense censorship of DEI-connected material") [Social media content moderation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14149 "Executive Order 14149") [TAKE IT DOWN Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAKE_IT_DOWN_Act "TAKE IT DOWN Act") [White House Faith Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Faith_Office "White House Faith Office") |
| [Economic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Economic policy of the second Trump administration") | [Artificial intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14179 "Executive Order 14179") [Genesis Mission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_Mission "Genesis Mission") [Stargate Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stargate_LLC "Stargate LLC") [Cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Cryptocurrency in the second Trump presidency") [CBDC and digital assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14178 "Executive Order 14178") [GENIUS Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GENIUS_Act "GENIUS Act") [Strategic bitcoin reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Strategic_Bitcoin_Reserve "U.S. Strategic Bitcoin Reserve") [OECD GMCTR agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_minimum_corporate_tax_rate#Possible_implementation_in_the_United_States "Global minimum corporate tax rate") [Tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") [Canada and Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada_and_Mexico "2025â2026 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico")/[timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2025%E2%80%9326_United_States_trade_war_with_Canada "Timeline of the 2025â26 United States trade war with Canada") [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") [farmer bailouts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts "Trump administration farmer bailouts") *[Learning Resources v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Resources_v._Trump "Learning Resources v. Trump")* [Liberation Day tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_tariffs "Liberation Day tariffs") [Pakistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_trade_deal "PakistanâUnited States trade deal") [Venezuelan oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14245 "Executive Order 14245") [TikTok PAFACA divestment deadline extensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act "Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act") |
| Environment | [Paper straws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14208 "Executive Order 14208") [Second Paris Agreement withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14162 "Executive Order 14162") |
| Fiscal | [One Big Beautiful Bill Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act "One Big Beautiful Bill Act") "[No tax on tips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_tax_on_tips "No tax on tips")" [Trump account](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_account "Trump account") [Rescissions Act of 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescissions_Act_of_2025 "Rescissions Act of 2025") [Corporation for Public Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting "Corporation for Public Broadcasting") [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID_in_the_second_Trump_administration "USAID in the second Trump administration") [2026 United States federal budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_federal_budget "2026 United States federal budget") |
| [Foreign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Foreign policy of the second Trump administration") | [Argentina currency swap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93Argentina_currency_swap "2025 United StatesâArgentina currency swap") [ArmeniaâAzerbaijan agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_peace_agreement "ArmeniaâAzerbaijan peace agreement") [ASEAN summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_ASEAN_Summits "2025 ASEAN Summits") [Kuala Lumpur accord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_Peace_Accord "Kuala Lumpur Peace Accord") [2025 Brazil diplomatic dispute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Brazil%E2%80%93United_States_diplomatic_dispute "2025 BrazilâUnited States diplomatic dispute") [2026 Cuban crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Cuban_crisis "2026 Cuban crisis") [Boat incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Cuban_boat_incident "2026 Cuban boat incident") [Donroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donroe_Doctrine "Donroe Doctrine") [DRCâRwanda peace agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Rwanda_peace_agreement "2025 Democratic Republic of the CongoâRwanda peace agreement") [Expansionism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_expansionism_under_Donald_Trump "American expansionism under Donald Trump") and [NATO crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93NATO_crisis "United StatesâNATO crisis") [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movements_for_the_annexation_of_Canada_to_the_United_States "Movements for the annexation of Canada to the United States") [Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") [Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis") [Dear Jonas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear_Jonas "Dear Jonas") [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Panama_Canal#Demands_by_Donald_Trump_to_reclaim_U.S._control_of_the_canal "History of the Panama Canal") [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela "Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela") [Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war") [Gaza Strip takeover proposal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") [Peace plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") [Peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_summit "Gaza peace summit") [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace") [Golden Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_\(missile_defense_system\) "Golden Dome (missile defense system)") [2025 Honduran general election alleged interference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Honduran_general_election#Allegations_of_fraud_and_external_interference "2025 Honduran general election") [ICC sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14203 "Executive Order 14203") [2025 India diplomatic and trade crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93India_diplomatic_and_trade_crisis "2025 United StatesâIndia diplomatic and trade crisis") [May 2025 Middle East visit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East") [61st Munich Security Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_Munich_Security_Conference "61st Munich Security Conference") [JD Vance speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference "2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference") [2026 NDAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2026 "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026") [2025 NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit") [2025 Nigeria strikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_in_Nigeria "2025 United States strikes in Nigeria") [Operation Southern Spear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Southern_Spear "Operation Southern Spear") [Caribbean military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Caribbean_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military buildup in the Caribbean during Operation Southern Spear") [2026 Venezuela intervention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") [Death of Yohana RodrĂguez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Yohana_Rodr%C3%ADguez "Death of Yohana RodrĂguez") [International reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "International reactions to the 2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") [Strikes on alleged drug trafficking boats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") [Oil blockade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_oil_blockade_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States oil blockade during Operation Southern Spear") *[United States v. Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro_and_Cilia_Flores "Prosecution of NicolĂĄs Maduro and Cilia Flores")* [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_second_Trump_administration "IranâUnited States relations during the second Trump administration") [Iranian attack on US military base in Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_strikes_on_Al_Udeid_Air_Base "Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base") [US strikes on Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites") [Iran negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_negotiations "2025â2026 IranâUnited States negotiations") [Twelve-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") [ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War_ceasefire "Twelve-Day War ceasefire") [2026 Middle East military buildup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_military_buildup_in_the_Middle_East "2026 United States military buildup in the Middle East") [2026 Iran war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war "2026 Iran war") [Ramaphosa Oval Office meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Ramaphosa_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 TrumpâRamaphosa Oval Office meeting") [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine") [Peace talks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)") [First Putin call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_phone_call "February 2025 PutinâTrump phone call") [Saudi Arabia meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_United_States%E2%80%93Russia_meeting_in_Saudi_Arabia "February 2025 United StatesâRussia meeting in Saudi Arabia") [Minerals agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_Mineral_Resources_Agreement "UkraineâUnited States Mineral Resources Agreement") [Zelenskyy Oval Office meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 TrumpâZelenskyy Oval Office meeting") [2025 Alaska summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit "2025 RussiaâUnited States summit") [White House multilateral meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine "August 2025 White House multilateral meeting on Ukraine") [2025 Budapest summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit_in_Hungary "2025 RussiaâUnited States summit in Hungary") [2026 Abu Dhabi trilateral meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Abu_Dhabi "2026 United StatesâUkraineâRussia meetings in Abu Dhabi") [2026 Geneva trilateral meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States%E2%80%93Ukraine%E2%80%93Russia_meetings_in_Geneva "2026 United StatesâUkraineâRussia meetings in Geneva") [2025â2026 Syria airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_airstrikes_in_Syria "2025â2026 United States airstrikes in Syria") [December 2025 Palmyra attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2025_Palmyra_attack "December 2025 Palmyra attack") [Trump-class battleship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump-class_battleship "Trump-class battleship") [Trump whisperer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_whisperer "Trump whisperer") [2025 state visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2025 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") [USAID closure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID_in_the_second_Trump_administration "USAID in the second Trump administration") [2025 foreign aid pause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14169 "Executive Order 14169") *[Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_State_v._AIDS_Vaccine_Advocacy_Coalition "Department of State v. AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalition")* [Withdrawal from WHO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14155 "Executive Order 14155") [Yemen attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US%E2%80%93UK_airstrikes_on_Yemen "USâUK airstrikes on Yemen") [Houthis FTO designation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14175 "Executive Order 14175") [Operation Rough Rider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "MarchâMay 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") [Signal group chat leaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_government_group_chat_leaks "United States government group chat leaks") [Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Ras_Isa_oil_terminal_airstrikes "2025 Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes") [Saada prison airstrike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Saada_prison_airstrike "2025 Saada prison airstrike") [Ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States%E2%80%93Houthi_ceasefire "2025 United StatesâHouthi ceasefire") [Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas "Shield of the Americas") ([United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")) |
| [Immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration") | [Arrest of Hannah Dugan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannah_Dugan "Hannah Dugan") [Birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") *[Barbara v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_v._Trump "Barbara v. Trump")* *[Trump v. CASA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._CASA "Trump v. CASA")* *[State of Washington v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_v._Trump_\(2025\) "Washington v. Trump (2025)")* [Deportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration") [Kilmar Abrego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Kilmar_Abrego_Garcia "Deportation of Kilmar Abrego Garcia") [Indians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Indian_nationals_under_Donald_Trump "Deportation of Indian nationals under Donald Trump") [Venezuelans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_American_deportations_of_Venezuelans "March 2025 American deportations of Venezuelans") [Ending humanitarian parole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_for_Cubans,_Haitians,_Nicaraguans,_and_Venezuelans "Parole for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans, and Venezuelans") *[A.R.P. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.R.P._v._Trump "A.R.P. v. Trump")* *[D.V.D. v. Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D.V.D._v._Department_of_Homeland_Security "D.V.D. v. Department of Homeland Security")* *[J.G.G. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.G.G._v._Trump "J.G.G. v. Trump")* *[National TPS Alliance v. Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_TPS_Alliance_v._Noem "National TPS Alliance v. Noem")* *[United States v. Russell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Russell_\(2025\) "United States v. Russell (2025)")* [Detention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_detention_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration detention in the second Trump administration") [Torture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture_of_immigrants_during_the_second_Trump_administration "Torture of immigrants during the second Trump administration") [2025 Alvarado ICE facility incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Alvarado_ICE_facility_incident "2025 Alvarado ICE facility incident") [2025 Dallas ICE facility shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Dallas_ICE_facility_shooting "2025 Dallas ICE facility shooting") [Alligator Alcatraz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_Alcatraz "Alligator Alcatraz") [Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center "Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center") [Killing of Geraldo Lunas Campos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Geraldo_Lunas_Campos "Killing of Geraldo Lunas Campos") [Liam Conejo Ramos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Liam_Conejo_Ramos "Detention of Liam Conejo Ramos") [National Defense Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Area "National Defense Area") [Roosevelt Reservation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Reservation "Roosevelt Reservation") [U.S. citizen detentions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_detentions_of_U.S._citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration detentions of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14159](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14159 "Executive Order 14159") [ICE business partnerships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_involving_ICE_and_private_businesses "Controversies involving ICE and private businesses") [Hilton Worldwide lodging controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide_ICE_lodging_controversy "Hilton Worldwide ICE lodging controversy") [Mobile Fortify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Fortify "Mobile Fortify") [ICE recruitment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICE_recruitment_during_the_second_Trump_administration "ICE recruitment during the second Trump administration") [Impersonation of immigration officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impersonations_of_United_States_immigration_officials "Impersonations of United States immigration officials") [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") [List of immigration raids and arrests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_immigration_raids_and_arrests_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of immigration raids and arrests in the second Trump presidency") [2025 Camarillo ICE raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Camarillo_ICE_raid "2025 Camarillo ICE raid") [2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Georgia_Hyundai_plant_immigration_raid "2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") [Trial of Sean Dunn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Sean_Dunn "Trial of Sean Dunn") [List of shootings by agents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shootings_by_U.S._immigration_agents_in_the_second_Trump_administration "List of shootings by U.S. immigration agents in the second Trump administration") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_U.S._Border_Patrol_shooting_in_Portland,_Oregon "2026 U.S. Border Patrol shooting in Portland, Oregon") [RenĂ©e Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of RenĂ©e Good") [Marimar Martinez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Marimar_Martinez "Shooting of Marimar Martinez") [Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti") [Silverio Villegas GonzĂĄlez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Silverio_Villegas_Gonz%C3%A1lez "Killing of Silverio Villegas GonzĂĄlez") [Operation Metro Surge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Metro_Surge "Operation Metro Surge") [Operation Midway Blitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Midway_Blitz "Operation Midway Blitz") [Operation Safeguard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Safeguard_\(United_States\) "Operation Safeguard (United States)") [Operation Salvo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Salvo "Operation Salvo") *[Noem v. Vasquez Perdomo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavanaugh_stop "Kavanaugh stop")* [Mexico border crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis "MexicoâUnited States border crisis") [Second Trump travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_travel_ban "Second Trump travel ban") [Trump Gold Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Gold_Card "Trump Gold Card") *[United States v. Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Trust_Act "Boston Trust Act")* [Visa and deportation controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_and_deportation_controversies_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration") [Deaths, deportations and detentions of US citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths,_detentions_and_deportations_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deaths, detentions and deportations of American citizens in the second Trump administration") [Leqaa Kordia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Leqaa_Kordia "Detention of Leqaa Kordia") [Mahmoud Khalil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Mahmoud_Khalil "Detention of Mahmoud Khalil") [Mohsen Mahdawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Mohsen_Mahdawi "Detention of Mohsen Mahdawi") [Rasha Alawieh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Rasha_Alawieh "Deportation of Rasha Alawieh") [RĂŒmeysa ĂztĂŒrk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_R%C3%BCmeysa_%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk "Detention of RĂŒmeysa ĂztĂŒrk") [Sarah Shaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Sarah_Shaw "Detention of Sarah Shaw") [White South African refugee program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_South_African_refugee_program "White South African refugee program") |
| Healthcare | [HHS gender dysphoria report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_administration_HHS_gender_dysphoria_report "Trump administration HHS gender dysphoria report") [HHS reorganization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services_reorganization "2025 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reorganization") [Administration for a Healthy America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_for_a_Healthy_America "Administration for a Healthy America") [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") [MAHA report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAHA_report "MAHA report") [Most Favored Nation Drug Pricing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Favored_Nation_Drug_Pricing "Most Favored Nation Drug Pricing") [Sexual and reproductive health policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Sexual and reproductive health policy of the second Trump administration") [Hyde Amendment enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14182 "Executive Order 14182") [TrumpRx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrumpRx "TrumpRx") |
| [Democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States") | [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") [Deferred resignation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._federal_deferred_resignation_program "2025 U.S. federal deferred resignation program") [Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Lawsuits involving the Department of Government Efficiency") [Mass layoffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") [Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_of_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Network of the Department of Government Efficiency") [Targets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_federal_agencies_targeted_by_DOGE "US federal agencies targeted by DOGE") *[AFGE v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AFGE_v._Trump "AFGE v. Trump")* [Domestic military deployments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_military_deployments_by_the_second_Trump_administration "Domestic military deployments by the second Trump administration") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") [November 2025 National Guard shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Washington,_D.C.,_National_Guard_shooting "2025 Washington, D.C., National Guard shooting") *[Newsom v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsom_v._Trump "Newsom v. Trump")* [Election law and voting rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_law_and_voting_rights_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Election law and voting rights under the second Trump administration") [2025â2026 United States redistricting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_United_States_redistricting "2025â2026 United States redistricting") [Fulton County FBI raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_raid_of_Fulton_County,_Georgia_election_office "FBI raid of Fulton County, Georgia election office")/[investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election_in_Georgia "FBI investigation into the 2020 United States presidential election in Georgia") [Republican Party actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_efforts_to_disrupt_voting_after_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Republican Party efforts to disrupt voting after the 2024 United States presidential election") [Independent agencies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14215 "Executive Order 14215") *[Bessent v. Dellinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessent_v._Dellinger "Bessent v. Dellinger")* [Federal investigation into Jerome Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_investigation_into_Jerome_Powell "Federal investigation into Jerome Powell") *[Trump v. Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Cook "Trump v. Cook")* *[Trump v. Slaughter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._Slaughter "Trump v. Slaughter")* [2025 inspectors general dismissals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_dismissals_of_U.S._inspectors_general "2025 dismissals of U.S. inspectors general") [2025 Justice Department resignations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_U.S._Department_of_Justice_resignations "2025 U.S. Department of Justice resignations") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_news_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the news media") *[Associated Press v. Budowich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_v._Budowich "Associated Press v. Budowich")* [Attacks on journalists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_attacks_on_journalists_during_the_Trump_presidencies "Government attacks on journalists during the Trump presidencies") [FBI raid reporter's home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_FBI_raid_on_Hannah_Natanson%27s_home "2026 FBI raid on Hannah Natanson's home") [Arrest of Don Lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon#Cities_Church_protest_and_arrest_on_federal_charges_\(2026\) "Don Lemon") [Conflicts with Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Wikipedia%E2%80%93U.S._government_conflicts "Timeline of WikipediaâU.S. government conflicts") [Pentagon press pass forfeiture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Pentagon_press_pass_forfeiture "2025 Pentagon press pass forfeiture") [Public broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14290 "Executive Order 14290") [Skydance MediaâParamount Global merger oversight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merger_of_Skydance_Media_and_Paramount_Global "Merger of Skydance Media and Paramount Global") "[Inside CECOT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside_CECOT "Inside CECOT")" [Suspension of *Jimmy Kimmel Live\!*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_of_Jimmy_Kimmel_Live! "Suspension of Jimmy Kimmel Live!") [Warner Bros. Discovery acquisition oversight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_Warner_Bros._Discovery "Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery") [White House Wire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Wire "White House Wire") [Persecution of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") "[Adult human female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_human_female "Adult human female")" [Gender identification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14168 "Executive Order 14168") [Gender-affirming care for minors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14187 "Executive Order 14187") [Military service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14183 "Executive Order 14183") [Women's sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14201 "Executive Order 14201") [San Jose State controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_State_transgender_volleyball_controversy "San Jose State transgender volleyball controversy") [Targeting political opponents and civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration") [Executive Order 14152](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_Biden_laptop_letter "Hunter Biden laptop letter") [Justice Department 2016 Russian interference counterinvestigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Department_of_Justice_counterinvestigation_into_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_election "2025 Department of Justice counterinvestigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election") [Law firms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") [National Security Presidential Memorandum-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSPM-7 "NSPM-7") [Newark immigration detention center incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_immigration_detention_center_incident "Newark immigration detention center incident") Prosecutions [John Bolton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_John_Bolton "Prosecution of John Bolton") [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_James_Comey "Prosecution of James Comey") [Letitia James](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Letitia_James "Prosecution of Letitia James") [Reprisals against commentators on the Charlie Kirk assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprisals_against_commentators_on_the_Charlie_Kirk_assassination "Reprisals against commentators on the Charlie Kirk assassination") [Weaponization Working Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weaponization_Working_Group "Weaponization Working Group") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Agenda 47](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_47 "Agenda 47") [Donald Trump and fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Election denialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States "Election denial movement in the United States") [False or misleading statements by Trump during second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)") [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025") [Unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory") |
| [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_second_Trump_administration "Protests against the second Trump administration") | [50501 movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_movement "50501 movement") [protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_protests "50501 protests") [Day of Action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_protests_in_April_2025 "50501 protests in April 2025") [Free America Walkout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_America_Walkout "Free America Walkout") [Free America Weekend](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_America_Weekend "Free America Weekend") [Anti-deportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_mass_deportation_during_the_second_Trump_administration "Protests against mass deportation during the second Trump administration") [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests_against_mass_deportation "June 2025 Los Angeles protests against mass deportation") [Portland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Portland,_Oregon_protests "2025â2026 Portland, Oregon protests") [Day Without Immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_Without_Immigrants_\(2025\) "Day Without Immigrants (2025)") [Economic Blackout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Blackout "Economic Blackout") [Efforts to impeach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump") [resolutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump "List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump") [Fight the Trump Takeover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fight_the_Trump_Takeover "Fight the Trump Takeover") [Good Trouble Lives On](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Trouble_Lives_On_protest "Good Trouble Lives On protest") [Hands Off](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_Off_protests "Hands Off protests") [Hands Off Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_off_Greenland_protests "Hands off Greenland protests") No Kings [June 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests") [October 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2025_No_Kings_protests "October 2025 No Kings protests") [People's March](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_March "People's March") [RenĂ©e Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good_protests "List of RenĂ©e Good protests") [2026 Minnesota general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Minnesota_general_strike "2026 Minnesota general strike") [Response to DOGE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_to_the_Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Response to the Department of Government Efficiency") [Stand Up for Science 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_Up_for_Science_2025 "Stand Up for Science 2025") [2025 United States boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_boycott "2025 United States boycott") [Canadian boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Canadian_boycott_of_the_United_States "2025 Canadian boycott of the United States") [2026 United States general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_general_strike "2026 United States general strike") |
| Related | [2024 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [Trump campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [Anti-LGBTQ movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States "2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States") [Beauty trends among American conservatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beauty_trends_among_American_conservatives "Beauty trends among American conservatives") [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") [Donald Trump and antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Elon Musk feud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud "TrumpâMusk feud") [Executive Branch (club)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Branch_\(club\) "Executive Branch (club)") [Jeffrey Epstein relationship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") [Birthday book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein%27s_birthday_book "Jeffrey Epstein's birthday book") [Epstein files](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_files "Epstein files") *[Best Friends Forever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Friends_Forever_\(sculpture\) "Best Friends Forever (sculpture)")* [Epstein Files Transparency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act "Epstein Files Transparency Act") *[King of the World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_the_World_\(sculpture\) "King of the World (sculpture)")* [Kennedy Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts "John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts") [Cancellations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kennedy_Center_cancellations_during_the_Trump_administration "List of Kennedy Center cancellations during the Trump administration") [Lake Kaweah and Lake Success water release](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_water_release_from_Lake_Kaweah_and_Lake_Success "2025 water release from Lake Kaweah and Lake Success") [Penny debate in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penny_debate_in_the_United_States "Penny debate in the United States") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") [Presidential Walk of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Walk_of_Fame "Presidential Walk of Fame") [Project Esther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Esther "Project Esther") [Qatari luxury jet gift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N7478D "N7478D") [TACO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Always_Chickens_Out "Trump Always Chickens Out") [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump") [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Category:Second presidency of Donald Trump")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump "Template:Donald Trump") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump "Template talk:Donald Trump") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Donald_Trump "Special:EditPage/Template:Donald Trump")[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | |
|---|---|
| [45th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") (2017â2021) and [47th]() (2025âpresent) [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
| Life and politics | |
| | |
| [Early life and education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_education_of_Donald_Trump "Early life and education of Donald Trump") [Board of Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace "Board of Peace") [Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_of_the_Americas "Shield of the Americas") ([United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")) [Media career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump "Media career of Donald Trump") *[The Apprentice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Apprentice_\(American_TV_series\) "The Apprentice (American TV series)")* [American football](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football "Donald Trump and American football") [Golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf "Donald Trump and golf") [Honors and awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Donald_Trump "List of awards and honors received by Donald Trump") [Makeup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeup_of_Donald_Trump "Makeup of Donald Trump") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") [Relationship to fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism") [Relationship to antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_antisemitism "Donald Trump and antisemitism") [Rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric_of_Donald_Trump "Rhetoric of Donald Trump") [Political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_endorsements_by_Donald_Trump "List of political endorsements by Donald Trump") [False or misleading statements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump") [first term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(first_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (first term)") [between terms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(between_terms\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (between terms)") [second term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_or_misleading_statements_by_Donald_Trump_\(second_term\) "False or misleading statements by Donald Trump (second term)") [promotion of conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories_promoted_by_Donald_Trump "List of conspiracy theories promoted by Donald Trump") [Protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump "Protests against Donald Trump") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump "Timeline of protests against Donald Trump") [Racial views](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump "Racial views of Donald Trump") [Age and health concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_health_concerns_about_Donald_Trump "Age and health concerns about Donald Trump") [Religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_religion "Donald Trump and religion") | |
| [Business career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump "Business career of Donald Trump") | [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization") [legal affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_and_business_legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump "Personal and business legal affairs of Donald Trump") [business projects in Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia "Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia") [wealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump "Wealth of Donald Trump") [tax returns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump") [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") |
| [Security incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Donald_Trump "Security incidents involving Donald Trump") | [2016 Las Vegas incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Las_Vegas_rally_incident "2016 Donald Trump Las Vegas rally incident") [July 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") [raised-fist photographs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_raised-fist_photographs "Donald Trump raised-fist photographs") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Crooks "Thomas Crooks") [September 2024 assassination attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Florida "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Florida") [perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Routh "Ryan Routh") |
| [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_family "Trump family") | |
| | |
| Children | [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") [Ivanka Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivanka_Trump "Ivanka Trump") [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") [Tiffany Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffany_Trump "Tiffany Trump") [Barron Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barron_Trump "Barron Trump") |
| [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump "Melania Trump") (wife) [Fred Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump "Fred Trump") (father) [Mary Anne MacLeod Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump "Mary Anne MacLeod Trump") (mother) [Maryanne Trump Barry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry "Maryanne Trump Barry") (sister) [Fred Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_Jr. "Fred Trump Jr.") (brother) [Robert Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trump "Robert Trump") (brother) [Frederick Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Trump "Frederick Trump") (grandfather) [Elizabeth Christ Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump "Elizabeth Christ Trump") (grandmother) [John G. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_G._Trump "John G. Trump") (uncle) [Mary L. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_L._Trump "Mary L. Trump") (niece) [Fred Trump III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Trump_III "Fred Trump III") (nephew) [John W. Walter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Walter "John W. Walter") (cousin) | |
| Campaigns | |
| | |
| [2000 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign") "[Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again")" [hat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again#MAGA_hat "Make America Great Again") [Republican opposition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Accountability "Republican Accountability") [Never Trump movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Trump_movement "Never Trump movement") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Mitt Romney speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech "Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [*Access Hollywood* recording](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape "Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape") "[Kamala is for they/them](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_is_for_they/them "Kamala is for they/them")" (attack ad) [Trump Bible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible "God Bless the U.S.A. Bible") "[God Bless the U.S.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A. "God Bless the U.S.A.")" (campaign song) "[Y.M.C.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y.M.C.A._\(song\) "Y.M.C.A. (song)")" (campaign song) | |
| [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Links between campaign officials and Russian government officials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials "Links between Trump associates and Russian officials") [Crossfire Hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_\(FBI_investigation\) "Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates "2016 United States presidential debates") [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election "International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") | [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_rallies_\(December_2016%E2%80%932022\)#2020_presidential_campaign "List of Donald Trump rallies (December 2016â2022)") [Tulsa rally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Tulsa_Trump_rally "2020 Tulsa Trump rally") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election") [political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign political endorsements") [non-political endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign non-political endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates "2020 United States presidential debates") [attempts to overturn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [fake electors plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_fake_electors_plot "Trump fake electors plot") [Chesebro memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Chesebro#Legal_work "Kenneth Chesebro") [Eastman memos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastman_memos "Eastman memos") [lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-election_lawsuits_related_to_the_2020_U.S._presidential_election "Post-election lawsuits related to the 2020 U.S. presidential election") *[Texas v. Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_v._Pennsylvania "Texas v. Pennsylvania")* [Jeffrey Clark letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Clark_letter "Jeffrey Clark letter") [Republican reactions to Trump's election fraud claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_reactions_to_Donald_Trump%27s_claims_of_2020_election_fraud "Republican reactions to Donald Trump's claims of 2020 election fraud") [Biden transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden "Presidential transition of Joe Biden") |
| [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") | [Announcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign#Announcement "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [Rallies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2024_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign "List of rallies for the 2024 Donald Trump presidential campaign") [Republican primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums "2024 Republican Party presidential debates and forums") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [General election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") [eligibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_eligibility_of_Donald_Trump "Presidential eligibility of Donald Trump") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign endorsements") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates "2024 United States presidential debates") [transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") |
| Legal affairs | [FBI investigation into handling of government documents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_investigation_into_Donald_Trump%27s_handling_of_government_documents "FBI investigation into Donald Trump's handling of government documents") [FBI search of Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_search_of_Mar-a-Lago "FBI search of Mar-a-Lago") [Gulf of Mexico naming controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico_naming_controversy "Gulf of Mexico naming controversy") [New York investigations of the Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") [Stormy Daniels scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal "Stormy DanielsâDonald Trump scandal") [civil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_business_fraud_lawsuit_against_the_Trump_Organization "New York business fraud lawsuit against the Trump Organization") [criminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_investigations_of_the_Trump_Organization#Criminal_investigation "New York investigations of the Trump Organization") *[Carroll v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jean_Carroll_v._Donald_J._Trump "E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump")* [*Trump v. United States* (2022)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States_\(2022\) "Trump v. United States (2022)") [Sexual misconduct allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations "Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations") [Epstein ties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_of_Donald_Trump_and_Jeffrey_Epstein "Relationship of Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein") State prosecutions [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_election_racketeering_prosecution "Georgia election racketeering prosecution") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") [Smith special counsel investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_special_counsel_investigation "Smith special counsel investigation") Federal prosecution [classified documents case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(classified_documents_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (classified documents case)") [election obstruction case](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_\(election_obstruction_case\) "Federal prosecution of Donald Trump (election obstruction case)") [Trump mug shot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mug_shot_of_Donald_Trump "Mug shot of Donald Trump") *[Trump v. United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_v._United_States "Trump v. United States")* |
| Related | [Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation "Donald J. Trump Foundation") [Presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") [In popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture "Donald Trump in popular culture") "[Best Sex I've Ever Had](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Sex_I%27ve_Ever_Had "Best Sex I've Ever Had")" [Trump dance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_dance "Trump dance") [filmography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography "Donald Trump filmography") [in music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music "Donald Trump in music") [*SNL* parodies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump "Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump") [Residences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump "Residences of Donald Trump") [85-15 Wareham Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump#Queens "Residences of Donald Trump") [Trump Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower "Trump Tower") [penthouse apartment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_penthouse_of_Donald_Trump "Trump Tower penthouse of Donald Trump") [Bedminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_Bedminster "Trump National Golf Club Bedminster") [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") *[The Visionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Visionary "The Visionary")* [Colorado State Capitol portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_State_Capitol_portrait_of_Donald_Trump "Colorado State Capitol portrait of Donald Trump") Social media [media use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump "Social media use by Donald Trump") [conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Donald Trump's conflict with the media") [Feud with Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Musk_feud "TrumpâMusk feud") [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter_use_by_Donald_Trump "Twitter use by Donald Trump") [wiretapping allegations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations "Trump Tower wiretapping allegations") *[Real News Update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_News_Update "Real News Update")* *[covfefe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covfefe "Covfefe")* [Donald J. Trump State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_State_Park "Donald J. Trump State Park") [Nicknames used](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump "List of nicknames used by Donald Trump") [Trump Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Force_One "Trump Force One") [Trump derangement syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome "Trump derangement syndrome") [Fort Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Trump "Fort Trump") [Official portraits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump "Official portraits of Donald Trump") Support groups [Bikers for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikers_for_Trump "Bikers for Trump") [Blacks for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_the_Black_Man "Michael the Black Man") [Black Voices for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Voices_for_Trump "Black Voices for Trump") [Gays for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Trump "Gays for Trump") [Trumpettes USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpettes_USA "Trumpettes USA") [Women for Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_for_Trump "Women for Trump") [Pseudonyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudonyms_used_by_Donald_Trump "Pseudonyms used by Donald Trump") [Wikipedia coverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump "Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump") |
| **[â Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama")** **[â Joe Biden â](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden")**  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump "Category:Donald Trump") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:JD_Vance "Template:JD Vance") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:JD_Vance "Template talk:JD Vance") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:JD_Vance "Special:EditPage/Template:JD Vance")[JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") | | |
|---|---|---|
| [50th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of vice presidents of the United States") [Vice President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") (2025âpresent) [U.S. Senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") from [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Ohio "List of United States senators from Ohio") (2023â2025) | | |
| [Vice Presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_JD_Vance "Vice presidency of JD Vance") | [Trump transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") [Munich Security Conference speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference "2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference") [2025 TrumpâZelenskyy Oval Office meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 TrumpâZelenskyy Oval Office meeting") [Signal group chat leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_government_group_chat_leak "United States government group chat leak") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JD_Vance_official_portrait_\(cropped_headshot\).jpg) |
| Politics | [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_JD_Vance "Political positions of JD Vance") [Senate tenure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_JD_Vance "US Senate career of JD Vance") [Rockbridge Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockbridge_Network "Rockbridge Network") [Springfield pet-eating hoax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_pet-eating_hoax "Springfield pet-eating hoax") | |
| Elections | | |
| | | |
| U.S. Senate | [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Ohio "2022 United States Senate election in Ohio") | |
| Vice presidential | [2024 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") [selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention") [debate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_debates#October_1:_Vice_presidential_debate_\(CBS,_New_York_City\) "2024 United States presidential debates") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") | |
| Works | *[Hillbilly Elegy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy "Hillbilly Elegy")* [film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy_\(film\) "Hillbilly Elegy (film)") *[Dawn's Early Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn%27s_Early_Light:_Taking_Back_Washington_to_Save_America "Dawn's Early Light: Taking Back Washington to Save America")* (foreword) *[Unhumans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unhumans "Unhumans")* (blurb) | |
| Family | [Usha Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usha_Vance "Usha Vance") (wife) [Nate Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate_Vance "Nate Vance") (cousin) [Lakshmi Chilukuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Chilukuri "Lakshmi Chilukuri") (mother-in-law) | |
| [â Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") ** [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:JD_Vance "Category:JD Vance")** **[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J._D._Vance "commons:Category:J. D. Vance")** | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Template:Presidents of the United States") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Template talk:Presidents of the United States") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the United States")[Presidents of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | |
|---|---|
| Presidents and presidencies | [George Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington "George Washington") ([1789â1797](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington "Presidency of George Washington")) [John Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams "John Adams") ([1797â1801](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Adams "Presidency of John Adams")) [Thomas Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson "Thomas Jefferson") ([1801â1809](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Thomas_Jefferson "Presidency of Thomas Jefferson")) [James Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison "James Madison") ([1809â1817](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Madison "Presidency of James Madison")) [James Monroe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe "James Monroe") ([1817â1825](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Monroe "Presidency of James Monroe")) [John Quincy Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams "John Quincy Adams") ([1825â1829](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Quincy_Adams "Presidency of John Quincy Adams")) [Andrew Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson "Andrew Jackson") ([1829â1837](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson "Presidency of Andrew Jackson")) [Martin Van Buren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren "Martin Van Buren") ([1837â1841](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren "Presidency of Martin Van Buren")) [William Henry Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison "William Henry Harrison") ([1841](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison#Presidency_\(1841\) "William Henry Harrison")) [John Tyler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler "John Tyler") ([1841â1845](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_Tyler "Presidency of John Tyler")) [James K. Polk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk "James K. Polk") ([1845â1849](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk "Presidency of James K. Polk")) [Zachary Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor "Zachary Taylor") ([1849â1850](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Presidency_\(1849%E2%80%931850\) "Zachary Taylor")) [Millard Fillmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Fillmore "Millard Fillmore") ([1850â1853](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Millard_Fillmore "Presidency of Millard Fillmore")) [Franklin Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce "Franklin Pierce") ([1853â1857](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce "Presidency of Franklin Pierce")) [James Buchanan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan "James Buchanan") ([1857â1861](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan "Presidency of James Buchanan")) [Abraham Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln "Abraham Lincoln") ([1861â1865](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln "Presidency of Abraham Lincoln")) [Andrew Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson "Andrew Johnson") ([1865â1869](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson "Presidency of Andrew Johnson")) [Ulysses S. Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant "Ulysses S. Grant") ([1869â1877](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant")) [Rutherford B. Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes "Rutherford B. Hayes") ([1877â1881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes "Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes")) [James A. Garfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield "James A. Garfield") ([1881](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield#Presidency_\(1881\) "James A. Garfield")) [Chester A. Arthur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur "Chester A. Arthur") ([1881â1885](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur")) [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland") ([1885â1889](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland "First presidency of Grover Cleveland")) [Benjamin Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison "Benjamin Harrison") ([1889â1893](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison "Presidency of Benjamin Harrison")) [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland") ([1893â1897](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Grover_Cleveland "Second presidency of Grover Cleveland")) [William McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley "William McKinley") ([1897â1901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley "Presidency of William McKinley")) [Theodore Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt "Theodore Roosevelt") ([1901â1909](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt")) [William Howard Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft "William Howard Taft") ([1909â1913](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft "Presidency of William Howard Taft")) [Woodrow Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson "Woodrow Wilson") ([1913â1921](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson "Presidency of Woodrow Wilson")) [Warren G. Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding "Warren G. Harding") ([1921â1923](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding "Presidency of Warren G. Harding")) [Calvin Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge "Calvin Coolidge") ([1923â1929](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge "Presidency of Calvin Coolidge")) [Herbert Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover "Herbert Hoover") ([1929â1933](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover "Presidency of Herbert Hoover")) [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Franklin D. Roosevelt") ([1933â1945](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt")) [Harry S. Truman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman "Harry S. Truman") ([1945â1953](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman "Presidency of Harry S. Truman")) [Dwight D. Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Dwight D. Eisenhower") ([1953â1961](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower")) [John F. Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy "John F. Kennedy") ([1961â1963](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy "Presidency of John F. Kennedy")) [Lyndon B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson "Lyndon B. Johnson") ([1963â1969](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson "Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson")) [Richard Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") ([1969â1974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon "Presidency of Richard Nixon")) [Gerald Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford "Gerald Ford") ([1974â1977](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford "Presidency of Gerald Ford")) [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter") ([1977â1981](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter "Presidency of Jimmy Carter")) [Ronald Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan") ([1981â1989](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan "Presidency of Ronald Reagan")) [George H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") ([1989â1993](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush "Presidency of George H. W. Bush")) [Bill Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton "Bill Clinton") ([1993â2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton "Presidency of Bill Clinton")) [George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush") ([2001â2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush "Presidency of George W. Bush")) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") ([2009â2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Presidency of Barack Obama")) [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") ([2017â2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump")) [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") ([2021â2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden")) [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") ([2025âpresent]()) |
| Presidency timelines | [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency "Timeline of the George Washington presidency") [J. Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_Adams_presidency "Timeline of the John Adams presidency") [Jefferson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Thomas_Jefferson_presidency "Timeline of the Thomas Jefferson presidency") [Madison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Madison_presidency "Timeline of the James Madison presidency") [McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_McKinley_presidency "Timeline of the William McKinley presidency") [T. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Theodore_Roosevelt_presidency "Timeline of the Theodore Roosevelt presidency") [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_William_Howard_Taft_presidency "Timeline of the William Howard Taft presidency") [Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Woodrow_Wilson_presidency "Timeline of the Woodrow Wilson presidency") [Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Warren_G._Harding_presidency "Timeline of the Warren G. Harding presidency") [Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Calvin_Coolidge_presidency "Timeline of the Calvin Coolidge presidency") [Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Herbert_Hoover_presidency "Timeline of the Herbert Hoover presidency") [F. D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Franklin_D._Roosevelt_presidency "Timeline of the Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency") [Truman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Harry_S._Truman_presidency "Timeline of the Harry S. Truman presidency") [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Dwight_D._Eisenhower_presidency "Timeline of the Dwight D. Eisenhower presidency") [Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_John_F._Kennedy_presidency "Timeline of the John F. Kennedy presidency") [L. B. Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Lyndon_B._Johnson_presidency "Timeline of the Lyndon B. Johnson presidency") [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Richard_Nixon_presidency "Timeline of the Richard Nixon presidency") [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gerald_Ford_presidency "Timeline of the Gerald Ford presidency") [Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Jimmy_Carter_presidency "Timeline of the Jimmy Carter presidency") [Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Ronald_Reagan_presidency "Timeline of the Ronald Reagan presidency") [G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_H._W._Bush_presidency "Timeline of the George H. W. Bush presidency") [Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency "Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency") [G. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency "Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency") [Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency") [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies "Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies") [Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Joe_Biden_presidency "Timeline of the Joe Biden presidency") |
|  [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_the_United_States "Category:Presidents of the United States")  [List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Template:Republican Party (United States)") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Template talk:Republican Party (United States)") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Special:EditPage/Template:Republican Party (United States)")[Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") | |
|---|---|
| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "History of the Republican Party (United States)") [National Union Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_Party_\(United_States\) "National Union Party (United States)") [Third Party System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Party_System "Third Party System") [Fourth Party System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Party_System "Fourth Party System") [Fifth Party System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Party_System "Fifth Party System") [Sixth Party System](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Party_System "Sixth Party System") | |
| [Presidential tickets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Republican_Party_presidential_tickets "List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets"), [national conventions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Convention "Republican National Convention"), and [presidential primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "List of Republican Party presidential primaries") | [1856 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention "1856 Republican National Convention"): [Frémont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont "John C. Frémont")/[Dayton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Dayton "William L. Dayton") [1860 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention "1860 Republican National Convention"): [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln "Abraham Lincoln")/[Hamlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin "Hannibal Hamlin") [1864 (Baltimore)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864_National_Union_National_Convention "1864 National Union National Convention"): [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln "Abraham Lincoln")/[Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson "Andrew Johnson") [1868 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1868_Republican_National_Convention "1868 Republican National Convention"): [Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant "Ulysses S. Grant")/[Colfax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax "Schuyler Colfax") [1872 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1872_Republican_National_Convention "1872 Republican National Convention"): [Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant "Ulysses S. Grant")/[Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wilson "Henry Wilson") [1876 (Cincinnati)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_Republican_National_Convention "1876 Republican National Convention"): [Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes "Rutherford B. Hayes")/[Wheeler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Wheeler "William A. Wheeler") [1880 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1880_Republican_National_Convention "1880 Republican National Convention"): [Garfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield "James A. Garfield")/[Arthur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur "Chester A. Arthur") [1884 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_Republican_National_Convention "1884 Republican National Convention"): [Blaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine "James G. Blaine")/[Logan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Logan "John A. Logan") [1888 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1888_Republican_National_Convention "1888 Republican National Convention"): [Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison "Benjamin Harrison")/[Morton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_P._Morton "Levi P. Morton") [1892 (Minneapolis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_Republican_National_Convention "1892 Republican National Convention"): [Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison "Benjamin Harrison")/[Reid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitelaw_Reid "Whitelaw Reid") [1896 (Saint Louis)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896_Republican_National_Convention "1896 Republican National Convention"): [McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley "William McKinley")/[Hobart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret_Hobart "Garret Hobart") [1900 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_Republican_National_Convention "1900 Republican National Convention"): [McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley "William McKinley")/[Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt "Theodore Roosevelt") [1904 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1904_Republican_National_Convention "1904 Republican National Convention"): [Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt "Theodore Roosevelt")/[Fairbanks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks "Charles W. Fairbanks") [1908 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908_Republican_National_Convention "1908 Republican National Convention"): [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft "William Howard Taft")/[Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Sherman "James S. Sherman") [1912 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Republican_National_Convention "1912 Republican National Convention"): [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft "William Howard Taft")/[Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Sherman "James S. Sherman")/[Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler "Nicholas Murray Butler") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1912 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1916 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Republican_National_Convention "1916 Republican National Convention"): [Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes "Charles Evans Hughes")/[Fairbanks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks "Charles W. Fairbanks") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1916_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1916 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1920 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Republican_National_Convention "1920 Republican National Convention"): [Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding "Warren G. Harding")/[Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge "Calvin Coolidge") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1920 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1924 (Cleveland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Republican_National_Convention "1924 Republican National Convention"): [Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge "Calvin Coolidge")/[Dawes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes "Charles G. Dawes") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1924 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1928 (Kansas City)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Republican_National_Convention "1928 Republican National Convention"): [Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover "Herbert Hoover")/[Curtis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Curtis "Charles Curtis") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1928 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1932 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Republican_National_Convention "1932 Republican National Convention"): [Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover "Herbert Hoover")/[Curtis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Curtis "Charles Curtis") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1932 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1936 (Cleveland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Republican_National_Convention "1936 Republican National Convention"): [Landon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Landon "Alf Landon")/[Knox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Knox "Frank Knox") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1936 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1940 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Republican_National_Convention "1940 Republican National Convention"): [Willkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Willkie "Wendell Willkie")/[McNary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._McNary "Charles L. McNary") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1940 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1944 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Republican_National_Convention "1944 Republican National Convention"): [Dewey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey "Thomas E. Dewey")/[Bricker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Bricker "John W. Bricker") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1944 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1948 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Republican_National_Convention "1948 Republican National Convention"): [Dewey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey "Thomas E. Dewey")/[Warren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Warren "Earl Warren") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1948 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1952 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention "1952 Republican National Convention"): [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Dwight D. Eisenhower")/[Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1952 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1956 (San Francisco)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Republican_National_Convention "1956 Republican National Convention"): [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Dwight D. Eisenhower")/[Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1956 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1960 (Chicago)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention "1960 Republican National Convention"): [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon")/[Lodge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr. "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1960 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1964 (San Francisco)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Republican_National_Convention "1964 Republican National Convention"): [Goldwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Goldwater "Barry Goldwater")/[Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Miller "William E. Miller") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1964 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1968 (Miami Beach)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention "1968 Republican National Convention"): [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon")/[Agnew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_Agnew "Spiro Agnew") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1968 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1972 (Miami Beach)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention "1972 Republican National Convention"): [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon "Richard Nixon")/[Agnew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiro_Agnew "Spiro Agnew") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1972 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1976 (Kansas City)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Republican_National_Convention "1976 Republican National Convention"): [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford "Gerald Ford")/[Dole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole "Bob Dole") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1976 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1980 (Detroit)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Republican_National_Convention "1980 Republican National Convention"): [Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan")/[G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1980 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1984 (Dallas)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Republican_National_Convention "1984 Republican National Convention"): [Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan "Ronald Reagan")/[G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1984 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1988 (New Orleans)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Republican_National_Convention "1988 Republican National Convention"): [G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush")/[Quayle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Quayle "Dan Quayle") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1988 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1992 (Houston)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Republican_National_Convention "1992 Republican National Convention"): [G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush")/[Quayle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Quayle "Dan Quayle") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1992 Republican Party presidential primaries") [1996 (San Diego)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Republican_National_Convention "1996 Republican National Convention"): [Dole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole "Bob Dole")/[Kemp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kemp "Jack Kemp") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "1996 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2000 (Philadelphia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention "2000 Republican National Convention"): [G. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush")/[Cheney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney "Dick Cheney") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2000 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2004 (New York)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention "2004 Republican National Convention"): [G. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush")/[Cheney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney "Dick Cheney") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2004 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2008 (St. Paul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention "2008 Republican National Convention"): [McCain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain "John McCain")/[Palin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Palin "Sarah Palin") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2008 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2012 (Tampa)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Republican_National_Convention "2012 Republican National Convention"): [Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitt_Romney "Mitt Romney")/[Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan "Paul Ryan") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2012 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2016 (Cleveland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention "2016 Republican National Convention"): [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")/[Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2016 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2020 (Charlotte/other locations)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention "2020 Republican National Convention"): [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")/[Pence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pence "Mike Pence") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2020 Republican Party presidential primaries") [2024 (Milwaukee)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention"): [Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")/[Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") *[2028 (Houston)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Republican_National_Convention "2028 Republican National Convention")* |
| [Presidential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") [administrations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administration_\(government\) "Administration (government)") | [Lincoln](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Abraham_Lincoln "Presidency of Abraham Lincoln") (1861â1865) [Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson "Presidency of Andrew Johnson") (1865â1868) [Grant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ulysses_S._Grant "Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant") (1869â1877) [Hayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Rutherford_B._Hayes "Presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes") (1877â1881) [Garfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield "James A. Garfield") (1881) [Arthur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Chester_A._Arthur "Presidency of Chester A. Arthur") (1881â1885) [Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Benjamin_Harrison "Presidency of Benjamin Harrison") (1889â1893) [McKinley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_McKinley "Presidency of William McKinley") (1897â1901) [Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Theodore_Roosevelt "Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt") (1901â1909) [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_William_Howard_Taft "Presidency of William Howard Taft") (1909â1913) [Harding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Warren_G._Harding "Presidency of Warren G. Harding") (1921â1923) [Coolidge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Calvin_Coolidge "Presidency of Calvin Coolidge") (1923â1929) [Hoover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Herbert_Hoover "Presidency of Herbert Hoover") (1929â1933) [Eisenhower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Dwight_D._Eisenhower "Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower") (1953â1961) [Nixon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Richard_Nixon "Presidency of Richard Nixon") (1969â1974) [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford "Presidency of Gerald Ford") (1974â1977) [Reagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan "Presidency of Ronald Reagan") (1981â1989) [G. H. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush "Presidency of George H. W. Bush") (1989â1993) [G. W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush "Presidency of George W. Bush") (2001â2009) Trump ([2017â2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"); [2025âpresent]()) |
| [U.S. Senate leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate "Party leaders of the United States Senate") and [Conference chairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference "Senate Republican Conference") | [J. P. Hale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_P._Hale "John P. Hale") (1859â1862) [Anthony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony "Henry B. Anthony") (1862â1884) [Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman "John Sherman") (1884â1885) [Edmunds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._Edmunds "George F. Edmunds") (1885â1891) [Sherman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sherman "John Sherman") (1891â1897) [Allison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Allison "William B. Allison") (1897â1908) [E. Hale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Hale "Eugene Hale") (1908â1911) [Cullom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelby_M._Cullom "Shelby M. Cullom") (1911â1913) [Gallinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger "Jacob H. Gallinger") (1913â1918) [Lodge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge "Henry Cabot Lodge") (1918â1924) [Curtis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Curtis "Charles Curtis") (1924â1929) [Watson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Watson "James E. Watson") (1929â1933) [McNary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._McNary "Charles L. McNary") (1933â1940) [Austin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Austin "Warren Austin") (1940â1941) [McNary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._McNary "Charles L. McNary") (1941â1944) [White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_H._White "Wallace H. White") (1944â1949) [Wherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_S._Wherry "Kenneth S. Wherry") (1949â1952) [Bridges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styles_Bridges "Styles Bridges") (1952â1953) [Taft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Taft "Robert A. Taft") (1953) [Knowland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Knowland "William Knowland") (1953â1959) [Dirksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Dirksen "Everett Dirksen") (1959â1969) [Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Scott "Hugh Scott") (1969â1977) [Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Baker "Howard Baker") (1977â1979) [Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Stevens "Ted Stevens") (1979â1980) [Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Baker "Howard Baker") (1980â1985) [Dole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole "Bob Dole") (1985â1996) [Lott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Lott "Trent Lott") (1996â2003) [Frist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Frist "Bill Frist") (2003â2007) [McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_McConnell "Mitch McConnell") (2007â2025) [Thune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thune "John Thune") (2025âpresent) |
| [U.S. House leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives"), [Speakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives"), and [Conference chairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Republican_Conference "House Republican Conference") | [Pennington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pennington "William Pennington") (1860â1861) [Grow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galusha_A._Grow "Galusha A. Grow") (1861â1863) [Colfax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuyler_Colfax "Schuyler Colfax") (1863â1869) [Pomeroy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_M._Pomeroy "Theodore M. Pomeroy") (1869) [Blaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G._Blaine "James G. Blaine") (1869â1875) [McCrary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._McCrary "George W. McCrary") (1875â1877) [Hale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Hale "Eugene Hale") (1877â1879) [Frye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P._Frye "William P. Frye") (1879â1881) [Keifer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Warren_Keifer "J. Warren Keifer") (1881â1883) [Cannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon "Joseph Gurney Cannon") (1883â1889) [Reed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed "Thomas Brackett Reed") (1889â1891) [T. J. Henderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Henderson_\(politician\) "Thomas J. Henderson (politician)") (1891â1895) [Reed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed "Thomas Brackett Reed") (1895â1899) [D. B. Henderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_B._Henderson "David B. Henderson") (1899â1903) [Cannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon "Joseph Gurney Cannon") (1903â1911) [Mann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Robert_Mann_\(Illinois_politician\) "James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)") (1911â1919) [Gillett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett "Frederick H. Gillett") (1919â1925) [Longworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Longworth "Nicholas Longworth") (1925â1931) [Snell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Snell "Bertrand Snell") (1931â1939) [Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr. "Joseph W. Martin Jr.") (1939â1959) [Halleck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_A._Halleck "Charles A. Halleck") (1959â1965) [Ford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford "Gerald Ford") (1965â1973) [Rhodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Rhodes "John Jacob Rhodes") (1973â1981) [Michel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Michel "Robert H. Michel") (1981â1995) [Gingrich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newt_Gingrich "Newt Gingrich") (1995â1999) [Hastert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hastert "Dennis Hastert") (1999â2007) [Boehner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boehner "John Boehner") (2007â2015) [Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan "Paul Ryan") (2015â2019) [McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_McCarthy "Kevin McCarthy") (2019â2023) [Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Johnson "Mike Johnson") (2023âpresent) |
| [RNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") | |
| | |
| Chairs | [Morgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan "Edwin D. Morgan") [Raymond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Jarvis_Raymond "Henry Jarvis Raymond") [Ward](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Lawrence_Ward "Marcus Lawrence Ward") [Claflin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Claflin "William Claflin") [Morgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan "Edwin D. Morgan") [Chandler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachariah_Chandler "Zachariah Chandler") [Cameron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Donald_Cameron "J. Donald Cameron") [Jewell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Jewell "Marshall Jewell") [Sabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_M._Sabin "Dwight M. Sabin") [Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin_Jones_\(industrialist\) "Benjamin Franklin Jones (industrialist)") [Quay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Quay "Matthew Quay") [Clarkson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_S._Clarkson "James S. Clarkson") [Campbell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James_Campbell "William James Campbell") [Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Carter "Thomas H. Carter") [Hanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hanna "Mark Hanna") [Payne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay_Payne "Henry Clay Payne") [Cortelyou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou "George B. Cortelyou") [New](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._New "Harry S. New") [Hitchcock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Harris_Hitchcock "Frank Harris Hitchcock") [Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fremont_Hill "John Fremont Hill") [Rosewater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rosewater "Victor Rosewater") [Hilles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_D._Hilles "Charles D. Hilles") [Wilcox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Russell_Willcox "William Russell Willcox") [Hays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_H._Hays "Will H. Hays") [Adams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Adams "John T. Adams") [Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Butler "William M. Butler") [Work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Work "Hubert Work") [Huston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius_H._Huston "Claudius H. Huston") [Fess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon_D._Fess "Simeon D. Fess") [Sanders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Sanders "Everett Sanders") [Fletcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher "Henry P. Fletcher") [Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hamilton_\(Kansas_politician\) "John Hamilton (Kansas politician)") [Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr. "Joseph W. Martin Jr.") [Walsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailey_Walsh "Bailey Walsh") [Spangler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison_E._Spangler "Harrison E. Spangler") [Brownell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Brownell_Jr. "Herbert Brownell Jr.") [Reece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._Carroll_Reece "B. Carroll Reece") [Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Scott "Hugh Scott") [Gabrielson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Gabrielson "Guy Gabrielson") [Summerfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield "Arthur Summerfield") [Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Wesley_Roberts "C. Wesley Roberts") [Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_W._Hall "Leonard W. Hall") [Alcorn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meade_Alcorn "Meade Alcorn") [T. Morton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thruston_Morton "Thruston Morton") [Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Miller "William E. Miller") [Burch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Burch "Dean Burch") [Bliss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_C._Bliss "Ray C. Bliss") [R. Morton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogers_Morton "Rogers Morton") [Dole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole "Bob Dole") [Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush "George H. W. Bush") [Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_\(politician\) "Mary Louise Smith (politician)") [Brock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock "Bill Brock") [Richards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Richards_\(Utah_politician\) "Richard Richards (Utah politician)") [Laxalt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Laxalt "Paul Laxalt")/[Fahrenkopf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf "Frank Fahrenkopf") [Fahrenkopf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Fahrenkopf "Frank Fahrenkopf") [Atwater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Atwater "Lee Atwater") [Yeutter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_Yeutter "Clayton Yeutter") [Bond](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bond_\(political_executive\) "Richard Bond (political executive)") [Barbour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haley_Barbour "Haley Barbour") [Nicholson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_\(Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs\) "Jim Nicholson (Secretary of Veterans Affairs)") [Gilmore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gilmore "Jim Gilmore") [Racicot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Racicot "Marc Racicot") [Gillespie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Gillespie "Ed Gillespie") [Mehlman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Mehlman "Ken Mehlman") [MartĂnez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Mart%C3%ADnez "Mel MartĂnez")/[Duncan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Duncan_\(politician\) "Mike Duncan (politician)") [Duncan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Duncan_\(politician\) "Mike Duncan (politician)") [Steele](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Steele "Michael Steele") [Priebus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reince_Priebus "Reince Priebus") [McDaniel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronna_McDaniel "Ronna McDaniel") [Whatley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Whatley "Michael Whatley") [Gruters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Gruters "Joe Gruters") |
| Chair elections | [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2009 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2011 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2013 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2015 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2017 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") 2019 2021 [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Republican_National_Committee_chairmanship_election "2023 Republican National Committee chairmanship election") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Committee_leadership_elections "2024 Republican National Committee leadership elections") |
| [Parties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "List of state parties of the Republican Party (United States)") by state and territory | |
| | |
| State | [Alabama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Republican_Party "Alabama Republican Party") [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Republican_Party "Alaska Republican Party") [Arizona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Republican_Party "Arizona Republican Party") [Arkansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Arkansas "Republican Party of Arkansas") [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Republican_Party "California Republican Party") [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Republican_Party "Colorado Republican Party") [Connecticut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Republican_Party "Connecticut Republican Party") [Delaware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_State_Committee_of_Delaware "Republican State Committee of Delaware") [Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Florida "Republican Party of Florida") [Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Republican_Party "Georgia Republican Party") [Hawaii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Republican_Party "Hawaii Republican Party") [Idaho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_Republican_Party "Idaho Republican Party") [Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Republican_Party "Illinois Republican Party") [Indiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana_Republican_Party "Indiana Republican Party") [Iowa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Iowa "Republican Party of Iowa") [Kansas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_Republican_Party "Kansas Republican Party") [Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Kentucky "Republican Party of Kentucky") [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Louisiana "Republican Party of Louisiana") [Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Republican_Party "Maine Republican Party") [Maryland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_Republican_Party "Maryland Republican Party") [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Republican_Party "Massachusetts Republican Party") [Michigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_Republican_Party "Michigan Republican Party") [Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Minnesota "Republican Party of Minnesota") [Mississippi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_Republican_Party "Mississippi Republican Party") [Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Republican_Party "Missouri Republican Party") [Montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Republican_Party "Montana Republican Party") [Nebraska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska_Republican_Party "Nebraska Republican Party") [Nevada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_Republican_Party "Nevada Republican Party") [New Hampshire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_Republican_State_Committee "New Hampshire Republican State Committee") [New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Republican_Party "New Jersey Republican Party") [New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_New_Mexico "Republican Party of New Mexico") [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Republican_State_Committee "New York Republican State Committee") [North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina_Republican_Party "North Carolina Republican Party") [North Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota_Republican_Party "North Dakota Republican Party") [Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Republican_Party "Ohio Republican Party") [Oklahoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_Republican_Party "Oklahoma Republican Party") [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon_Republican_Party "Oregon Republican Party") [Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Republican_Party "Pennsylvania Republican Party") [Rhode Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island_Republican_Party "Rhode Island Republican Party") [South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Republican_Party "South Carolina Republican Party") [South Dakota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota_Republican_Party "South Dakota Republican Party") [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Republican_Party "Tennessee Republican Party") [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Texas "Republican Party of Texas") [Utah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Republican_Party "Utah Republican Party") [Vermont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Republican_Party "Vermont Republican Party") [Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Virginia "Republican Party of Virginia") [Washington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_State_Republican_Party "Washington State Republican Party") [West Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia_Republican_Party "West Virginia Republican Party") [Wisconsin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Wisconsin "Republican Party of Wisconsin") [Wyoming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_Republican_Party "Wyoming Republican Party") |
| Territory | [American Samoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_American_Samoa "Republican Party of American Samoa") [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Republican_Party "District of Columbia Republican Party") [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Guam "Republican Party of Guam") [Northern Mariana Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(Northern_Mariana_Islands\) "Republican Party (Northern Mariana Islands)") [Puerto Rico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Puerto_Rico "Republican Party of Puerto Rico") [Virgin Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands "Republican Party of the Virgin Islands") |
| [Affiliated organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\)_organizations "Republican Party (United States) organizations") | |
| | |
| Congress | [House Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Republican_Conference "House Republican Conference") *[Legislative Digest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Digest "Legislative Digest")* [Steering and Policy Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_and_policy_committees_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Steering and policy committees of the United States House of Representatives") [Senate Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference "Senate Republican Conference") [Policy Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee "United States Senate Republican Policy Committee") [Factions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Factions in the Republican Party (United States)") [Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Caucus "Freedom Caucus") [Problem Solvers Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus "Problem Solvers Caucus") [Republican Governance Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Governance_Group "Republican Governance Group") [Republican Study Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee "Republican Study Committee") |
| Campaign committees | [National Republican Congressional Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Republican_Congressional_Committee "National Republican Congressional Committee") [National Republican Redistricting Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Republican_Redistricting_Trust "National Republican Redistricting Trust") [National Republican Senatorial Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Republican_Senatorial_Committee "National Republican Senatorial Committee") [Republican Attorneys General Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Attorneys_General_Association "Republican Attorneys General Association") [Republican Governors Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Governors_Association "Republican Governors Association") |
| Constituency groups | [College Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_Republicans "College Republicans") [Chairmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chairpersons_of_the_College_Republicans "List of chairpersons of the College Republicans") [Congressional Hispanic Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference "Congressional Hispanic Conference") [Log Cabin Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans "Log Cabin Republicans") [National Black Republican Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Black_Republican_Association "National Black Republican Association") [Republican Hindu Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Hindu_Coalition "Republican Hindu Coalition") [Republican Jewish Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Jewish_Coalition "Republican Jewish Coalition") [Republican Muslim Coalition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Muslim_Coalition "Republican Muslim Coalition") [Republican National Hispanic Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Hispanic_Assembly "Republican National Hispanic Assembly") [Republicans Abroad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicans_Abroad "Republicans Abroad") [Teen Age Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teen_Age_Republicans "Teen Age Republicans") [Young Republicans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Republicans "Young Republicans") [of Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Republicans_of_Texas "Young Republicans of Texas") [Republicans Overseas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicans_Overseas "Republicans Overseas") |
| Factional groups | [Republican Main Street Partnership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership "Republican Main Street Partnership") [Republican Majority for Choice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Majority_for_Choice "Republican Majority for Choice") [Republican Liberty Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Liberty_Caucus "Republican Liberty Caucus") [Republican National Coalition for Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Coalition_for_Life "Republican National Coalition for Life") [ConservAmerica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConservAmerica "ConservAmerica") [Liberty Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Caucus "Liberty Caucus") [Ripon Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripon_Society "Ripon Society") [The Wish List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wish_List_\(political_organization\) "The Wish List (political organization)") [Arizona Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Freedom_Caucus "Arizona Freedom Caucus") [Georgia Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Freedom_Caucus "Georgia Freedom Caucus") [Idaho Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Caucus "Idaho Freedom Caucus") [Illinois Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Freedom_Caucus "Illinois Freedom Caucus") [Louisiana Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Freedom_Caucus "Louisiana Freedom Caucus") [Missouri Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Freedom_Caucus "Missouri Freedom Caucus") [Montana Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana_Freedom_Caucus "Montana Freedom Caucus") [Oklahoma Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_Freedom_Caucus "Oklahoma Freedom Caucus") [Pennsylvania Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Freedom_Caucus "Pennsylvania Freedom Caucus") [South Carolina Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Freedom_Caucus "South Carolina Freedom Caucus") [South Dakota Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota_Freedom_Caucus "South Dakota Freedom Caucus") [Wyoming Freedom Caucus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming_Freedom_Caucus "Wyoming Freedom Caucus") |
| Related | [Primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "List of Republican Party presidential primaries") [Debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_debates "Republican Party presidential debates") [Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_history_of_the_Republican_Party "Bibliography of the history of the Republican Party") [International Democracy Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Democracy_Union "International Democracy Union") [Three Legged Stool](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Leg_Stool_\(GOP\) "The Three Leg Stool (GOP)") [Timeline of modern American conservatism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism "Timeline of modern American conservatism") [Trumpism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism "Trumpism") |
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Second presidency of Donald Trump
23 languages
[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump) |
| Readable Markdown | | | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")[Official portrait, 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_portraits_of_Donald_Trump#2025_presidential_portrait "Official portraits of Donald Trump") | |
| **Second presidency of Donald Trump** January 20, 2025 â present | |
| Vice President | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") |
| Cabinet | [Full list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") |
| Party | [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") |
| Election | [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") |
| [Seat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seat_of_government "Seat of government") | [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") |
| â [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden") | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg) [Seal of the President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_of_the_president_of_the_United_States "Seal of the president of the United States") | |
| [Official website](https://whitehouse.gov/) | |
[Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s second and current tenure as the [president of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") began upon [his inauguration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") as the [47th president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") on January 20, 2025. Trump, a [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)"), previously served as the [45th president from 2017 to 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump"). He lost re-election to [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") nominee [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"), and then won against Democratic nominee [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") in [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"), who replaced Biden following [his withdrawal from the race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_Joe_Biden_from_the_2024_United_States_presidential_election "Withdrawal of Joe Biden from the 2024 United States presidential election") on July 21. Trump is the second [former U.S. president to return to office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_presidents_of_the_United_States_who_ran_for_office "List of former presidents of the United States who ran for office").[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-1) Alongside Trump's second presidency, the Republican Party also currently holds majorities in the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") and the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") during the [119th U.S. Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") following the [2024 elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_elections "2024 United States elections"), thereby attaining an overall federal [government trifecta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_trifecta#United_States "Government trifecta").
During 2025, Trump signed 225 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order "Executive order"), the most of any president in a single year since [Franklin D. Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt "Franklin D. Roosevelt"). Many of these have been or are being challenged in court.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:3-2) His [attempts to expand presidential power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory#Growth_of_presidential_powers "Unitary executive theory") and [conflict with the courts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_the_second_Trump_presidency "Legal affairs of the second Trump presidency") have been described as a defining characteristic of his second presidency.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-3) The Trump administration [has taken action against law firms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") for challenging its policies. On [immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States "Immigration to the United States"), Trump signed the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") into law, revived numerous immigration laws from his first presidency, [attempted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") to restrict [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States"), and initiated procedures for [mass deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), including nationwide raids by [Immigration and Customs Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement "United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement"). In January 2025, Trump launched the [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE), with [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") briefly overseeing it. DOGE was tasked with reducing federal spending and limiting bureaucracy, and it oversaw [mass layoffs of civil servants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") along with efforts to dismantle government agencies such as the [Agency for International Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agency_for_International_Development "Agency for International Development"). Trump has also overseen [a series of tariff increases and pauses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration"), which led to retaliatory tariffs from other countries and [stock market volatility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_stock_market_crash "2025 stock market crash").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_agrees_to_pause_tariffs_on_Canada_and_Mexico,_February_3,_2025-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Financial_Post,_Canada_to_place_retaliatory_25_per_cent,_February_1,_2025-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-7)
In international affairs, Trump has further strengthened [U.S. relations with Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations "IsraelâUnited States relations"). His administration [increased support for Israel in the Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war "United States support for Israel in the Gaza war"), aided [Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel "Israel") in the June 2025 [Twelve-Day War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") that he named, and carried out [strikes on Iranian nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-8) In early October 2025, Trump's [plan for a Gaza ceasefire deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") between Israel and [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") was signed. Amid the [Russo-Ukrainian war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)") that began in 2022, the Trump administration undertook multiple attempts at [peace negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)"). Trump has authorized a series of lethal [strikes on suspected drug traffickers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_military_strikes_on_alleged_drug_traffickers_during_Operation_Southern_Spear "United States military strikes on alleged drug traffickers during Operation Southern Spear") in the [Caribbean Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean_Sea "Caribbean Sea"), whose legality is widely disputed under both U.S. and international law, and subsequently ordered [a military operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") to capture [NicolĂĄs Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "NicolĂĄs Maduro"), the [disputed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Venezuelan_presidential_election "2024 Venezuelan presidential election") president of Venezuela.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-9)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-10) In February 2026, he launched a [major attack on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_conflict "2026 Iran conflict") with Israel with the stated goal of regime change, including the [assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ali_Khamenei "Assassination of Ali Khamenei") of [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei"), the [Supreme Leader of Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran "Supreme Leader of Iran"). As in his first presidency, Trump initiated the withdrawal of the U.S. from the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization"), the [Paris Climate Accords](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement"), and [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-11)
The Trump administration has been criticized for [its targeting of political opponents and civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of political opponents and civil society under the second Trump administration"). Many of his administration's actions have been found by judges to be illegal and unconstitutional,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05232025-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Sneed_01232025-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lucas_05022025-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jouvenal_07212025-15) and have been criticized as authoritarian and contributing to [democratic backsliding in the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"). Trump is the first president with a [felony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felonies_in_the_United_States "Felonies in the United States") conviction.[\[b\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-16) At 78 years old and seven months, he is the [oldest person to become U.S. president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age "List of presidents of the United States by age"). Following his electoral victories [in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") and 2024, he is constitutionally ineligible from seeking further terms due to the [Twenty-second Amendment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution "Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution") to the [U.S. Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Constitution "U.S. Constitution"), although Trump and many of his associates have discussed the possibility of [him running for a third term](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_third_term_proposal "Donald Trump third term proposal").[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-17)
Milestones
2024 election
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2024.svg)
2024 Electoral College vote results
Trump, who [previously served](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "First presidency of Donald Trump") as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021 and lost [his reelection bid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign") to [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") in the [2020 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election "2020 United States presidential election"),[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-18) announced [his candidacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") for the [nomination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries "2024 Republican Party presidential primaries") of the [Republican Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") in the [2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") on November 15, 2022.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-19)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-20) In March 2024, Trump secured the Republican nomination. [Trump selected](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2024 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection") Senator [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") of Ohio, a former critic of his, as his [running mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running_mate "Running mate"), and the two were officially nominated at the [2024 Republican National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Republican_National_Convention "2024 Republican National Convention").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-21) On July 13, 2024, Trump was the victim of an [attempted assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Donald_Trump_in_Pennsylvania "Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania") during a campaign rally in [Butler, Pennsylvania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butler,_Pennsylvania "Butler, Pennsylvania"). The attempt resulted in the bullet grazing his ear, but he was otherwise unharmed.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-22)
Early on November 6, 2024, the day after the election, Trump was projected to have secured the presidency.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-23)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-24) Trump won the [presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election") with 312 electoral votes and 49.8% of the popular vote, while [Kamala Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris "Kamala Harris") received 226 electoral votes and 48.3% of the popular vote.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-25)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-26) Trump, upon taking office, became the second president in U.S. history to serve non-consecutive terms after Grover Cleveland in 1893,[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-27) and the first with a felony to serve the presidency after [his conviction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") in May 2024.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WaPoFirsts-28) In the concurrent [congressional elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_elections "2024 United States elections"), Republicans secured a [government trifecta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_trifecta "Government trifecta") after retaining their majority in the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") and winning back control of the [Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate").[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-29)
Transition period and inauguration
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:January_2025_Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_Donald_J._Trump.jpg)
Inaugural portrait
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_takes_the_oath_of_office_\(2025\)_\(alternate\).jpg)
The [presidential transition period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidential transition of Donald Trump") began following Trump's victory in the [2024 U.S. presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"), though Trump had chosen [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") and [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") to begin planning for the transition in August 2024. According to *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*, Trump was "superstitious" and preferred to avoid discussing the presidential transition process until after Election Day. His transition team relied on the work of the [America First Policy Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Policy_Institute "America First Policy Institute"), rather than [the Heritage Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation "The Heritage Foundation"), a conservative think tank that garnered controversy during the election for [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025"), a set of initiatives that would reshape the federal government.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-30) By October, he had not participated in the federal presidential transition process,[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-31) and he had not signed a required ethics pledge, as of November.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-32)
During the transition period, Trump announced nominations for his [cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump "Second cabinet of Donald Trump") and [administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States "Executive Office of the President of the United States"). Trump was [inaugurated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump "Second inauguration of Donald Trump") on January 20, 2025.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-33) He was sworn in by [Chief Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States "Chief Justice of the United States") [John Roberts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Roberts "John Roberts").[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-34) The inauguration occurred indoors in the [Capitol Rotunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda "United States Capitol rotunda").[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-35) Two days before the inauguration, Trump launched a [meme coin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme_coin "Meme coin"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump").[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYT_2025-01-18-36) In his first weeks, several of Trump's actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the Constitution.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-37)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-38)
First 100 days
In Trump's [first hundred days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_hundred_days_\(United_States\) "First hundred days (United States)") in office, he signed 143 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order_\(United_States\) "Executive order (United States)"), the most of any president in this period, 42 [presidential memoranda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_memoranda "Presidential memoranda"), 42 [presidential proclamations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_proclamation "Presidential proclamation"), the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act"), [a continuing appropriations act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_budget "2025 United States federal budget"), and other pieces of [legislation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislation "Legislation") for Congress. [Trump's extensive use of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump") drew a mixed reception from both Republicans and Democrats. Some executive orders tested the limits of [executive authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_authority "Executive authority"), and others faced immediate legal challenges.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-39)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-40) Major topics Trump focused on included [immigration reform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the second Trump administration"), [deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation in the second Trump administration"), [applying tariffs on other countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration"), cutting federal spending, reducing the federal workforce, increasing executive authority, and implementing a [non-interventionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-interventionism "Non-interventionism") foreign policy.
Administration
Cabinet
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_holds_a_cabinet_meeting_\(54352151297\).jpg)
Cabinet meeting, February 2025
| | | |
|---|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Second_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump_in_August_2025.jpg) | | |
| Second Trump cabinet | | |
| Office | Name | Term |
| [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") | [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") | 2025âpresent |
| [Vice President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States "Vice President of the United States") | [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State "United States Secretary of State") | [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury "United States Secretary of the Treasury") | [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense "United States Secretary of Defense") | [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") | 2025âpresent |
| [Attorney General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General "United States Attorney General") | [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of the Interior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior "United States Secretary of the Interior") | [Doug Burgum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Burgum "Doug Burgum") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Agriculture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture "United States Secretary of Agriculture") | [Brooke Rollins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke_Rollins "Brooke Rollins") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Commerce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce "United States Secretary of Commerce") | [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor "United States Secretary of Labor") | [Lori Chavez-DeRemer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer "Lori Chavez-DeRemer") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Secretary of Health and Human Services") | [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Housing and Urban Development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development "United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development") | [Scott Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Turner_\(politician\) "Scott Turner (politician)") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation "United States Secretary of Transportation") | [Sean Duffy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Duffy "Sean Duffy") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy "United States Secretary of Energy") | [Chris Wright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Wright "Chris Wright") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education "United States Secretary of Education") | [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Veterans Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs "United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs") | [Doug Collins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug_Collins_\(politician\) "Doug Collins (politician)") | 2025âpresent |
| [Secretary of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security") | [Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") | 2025â2026 |
| [Markwayne Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") | TBDâ | |
| [Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency "Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency") | [Lee Zeldin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Zeldin "Lee Zeldin") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of the Office of Management and Budget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget "Office of Management and Budget") | [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of National Intelligence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence "Director of National Intelligence") | [Tulsi Gabbard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard "Tulsi Gabbard") | 2025âpresent |
| [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") | [John Ratcliffe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ratcliffe "John Ratcliffe") | 2025âpresent |
| [United States Trade Representative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative "Office of the United States Trade Representative") | [Jamieson Greer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamieson_Greer "Jamieson Greer") | 2025âpresent |
| [Administrator of the Small Business Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration "Administrator of the Small Business Administration") | [Kelly Loeffler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler "Kelly Loeffler") | 2025âpresent |
| [White House Chief of Staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff "White House Chief of Staff") | [Susie Wiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susie_Wiles "Susie Wiles") | 2025âpresent |
Trump's cabinet choices were described by news media as valuing personal loyalty over relevant experience,[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-41)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-42) and for having a range of conflicting ideologies and "eclectic personalities".[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-43)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-44) It was also described as the wealthiest administration in modern history, with over 13 billionaires chosen to take government posts.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-45)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-46) He nominated or appointed 23 former [Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") employees to his administration.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-47) Notably, Trump's nomination of [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") as [Secretary of the Treasury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury "Secretary of the Treasury") made Bessent the highest ranking openly LGBTQ person to serve in the United States government.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-48)
In March 2026, [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal") reported that Trump was planning to fire [Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") after a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing during which she was criticised for her actions during her term of office, including her handling of the killings of [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good") and [Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti"), inappropriate relations with her advisor, [Corey Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski"), and mismanagement of funds.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-49) On March 5, Trump announced her reassignment to a new position, "[Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Special_Envoy_for_The_Shield_of_the_Americas "United States Special Envoy for The Shield of the Americas")"[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-50), and announced Oklahoma senator, [Markwayne Mullin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin "Markwayne Mullin") as her successor as the Secretary of Homeland Security.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-51) Noem is the first Cabinet official to be removed from her post during Trump's second presidency.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-52)
Loyalty tests
Once the second Trump presidency began, White House screening teams fanned out to federal agencies to screen job applicants for their loyalty to the president's agenda. On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order asserting to restore merit-based federal hiring practices and "dedication to our Constitution".[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-maga_loyalty-53)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-54) As part of its [U.S. federal deferred resignation program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_deferred_resignation_program "U.S. federal deferred resignation program"), the Trump administration demanded "loyalty" from federal workers.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-55) In a break from politically neutral speech, the Justice Department issued memos about "insubordination", "abhorrent conduct" and vowed to pursue opponents of Trump's cost-cutting efforts "to the ends of the Earth" in what was described by current and former law enforcement officials as a campaign of intimidation against agents insufficiently loyal to Trump.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-56)
Staffers were dispatched across federal agencies to look for anti-Trump sentiment among government agencies. Some new hires were told to provide examples of what they did to help Trump's 2024 presidential campaign, when their moment of "MAGA revelation" occurred, prove their "enthusiasm", be positively referenced by confirmed loyalists, and provide access to their social media handles. *The Associated Press* described the intense loyalty tests as a way to separate individuals following traditional Republican orthodoxy from Trump's MAGA ideology.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-maga_loyalty-53) Candidates for top national intelligence and law enforcement positions were given Trump loyalty tests. Candidates were asked to give yes or no responses to whether or not January 6 was an "inside job" and whether or not the 2020 election was "stolen". Those that did not say yes to both answers were not hired.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-57)
Advisors
Trump had assistance from Elon Musk, other political operatives, and an antisemitism task force.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJed-58) Advisors were [Christopher Rufo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Rufo "Christopher Rufo") in education; [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") in domestic policy and immigration; and four co-authors of Project 2025: [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought"), [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"), [Paul S. Atkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_S._Atkins "Paul S. Atkins"), and [Brendan Carr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Carr_\(lawyer\) "Brendan Carr (lawyer)").[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-59)
Executive orders
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_has_signed_the_most_first-day_executive_orders_of_recent_presidents._First-day_executive_orders_by_previous_ten_presidents,_1969%E2%80%932025.png)
Trump signed the most first-day executive orders of recent presidents. First-day executive orders by previous ten presidents, 1969â2025
Trump began office with the most executive orders ever signed on the first day of a United States presidential term,[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-60) at 26 [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of executive orders in the second presidency of Donald Trump").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-61) Trump's signing of executive orders was described as a "shock and awe" campaign that tested the limits of executive authority.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-62)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-63) Four days into Trump's second term, analysis conducted by *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")* found that nearly two-thirds of [his executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump "List of executive actions by Donald Trump") "mirror or partially mirror" proposals from [Project 2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_2025 "Project 2025"),[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-64) which was seconded with analysis from [Bloomberg Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_Government "Bloomberg Government").[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-65)
The signing of many of [Trump's executive orders are being challenged in court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_cases_related_to_Donald_Trump%27s_second_presidential_term "Court cases related to Donald Trump's second presidential term"), with the executive orders affecting federal funding, federal employee status, immigration, federal programs, [government data availability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_data_removals "2025 United States government data removals"), and more. The majority of the early cases were filed in response to executive orders related to the establishment of the [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency") (DOGE), [Executive Order 14158](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14158 "Executive Order 14158"), and the actions taken by [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") and the DOGE team towards federal agencies described as cost-cutting measures.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-66)
Economic issues, trade, and tariffs
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Unemployment_rate_-_US.svg)
Though Trump on December 9, 2025, rated his economy as "A+++++", the unemployment rate had increased during his second term.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021-_Change_in_non-farm_employment_-_US.svg)
Though Trump in December 2025 rated his economy as "A+++++",[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67) employment figures during 2025 showed little net change after his April tariffs announcement.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BLS_EmploymentChange_20251228-68)
GDP growth rate
In the first quarter of 2025, economic growth was a negative 0.5%. [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") said the decline occurred because "businesses scrambled to bring in foreign goods ahead of new U.S. tariffs," .[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_2nd_Quarter_GDP,_Aug_28,_2025-69) Second quarter economic growth was 3.8% annualized (as if continuing for the full year).[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-70) In the third quarter, [real GDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_GDP "Real GDP") grew to 4.3%, the fastest rate in two years.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-71)
One Big Beautiful Bill Act
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) was a [U.S. federal statute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._federal_statute "U.S. federal statute") which constituted the core of the Trump administration's second-term economic agenda. It contains hundreds of provisions. Among the most notable, the Act extends the individual tax rates [Trump signed into law in 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"), raises the cap on the [state and local tax deduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_and_local_tax_deduction "State and local tax deduction") to \$40,000 for taxpayers making less than \$500,000, expands work requirements for [SNAP benefits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAP_benefits "SNAP benefits"), adds work requirements and makes significant spending cuts to [Medicaid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid "Medicaid"), and significantly increases spending on defense and border security.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Budget_Act,_July_5,_2025-72)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nbcoverview-73)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Here's_what's_in_Trump's_'big,_beautiful,'_July_4,_2025-74)
The OBBBA has been criticized for limiting health insurance coverage and resulting in an upwards transfer of wealth.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:15-75)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-76) It is expected to add a total of \$3 trillion to the national debt of the United States by 2034, according to the [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Budget_Act,_July_5,_2025-72)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nbcoverview-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:15-75)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-77)
Government shutdown in OctoberâNovember 2025
Because the Senate could not muster 60 votes per [filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster "Filibuster") rules, funding for non-essential services ended October 1, 2025. Throughout October and into November, Senate had 14 votes, all of which failed to reach the 60-vote threshold. The shutdown ended on November 12.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025-78)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025-79)
In early October, [Senate majority leader John Thune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thune "John Thune") said, "We have a majority of senators â 55 senators have already voted for this clean, short-term, nonpartisan CR," referring to a [continuing resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_resolution "Continuing resolution"). [Minority Leader Chuck Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") spoke from the floor of the Senate and said 70% of Americans supported keeping the same money for the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"), informally "Obamacare". In addition, Schumer claimed that a survey by [KFF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser_Family_Foundation "Kaiser Family Foundation") showed that 57% of [MAGA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA "MAGA") supporters also favored keeping the same money for Obamacare.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025-78)
The governments of 25 states sued the Trump administration regarding SNAP benefits ("food stamps") which were expected to run out on the first day of November. 1 out of 8 Americans rely on these benefits. SNAP stands for "Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program."[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Detroit_Free_Press,_Nov_6,_2025-80) The administration says that they are prohibited by law from using the "contingency fund" for normal, operational expenses because this money is purposed for extraordinary events such as [Hurricane Melissa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Melissa "Hurricane Melissa"). The states suing say this both goes against the wording of the law and is a "dramatic change," pointing out that the contingency fund was used for SNAP benefits during the 2019 shutdown.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-81)
On October 31, a federal judge in Rhode Island cited the [Administrative Procedure Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_Procedure_Act "Administrative Procedure Act") and temporarily ordered the Trump administration to continue SNAP funding. A second federal judge in Boston said the Trump administration's plan to stop SNAP funding during the shutdown was against the law, but did not order payments to resume.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_asked_court_to_'clarify'_SNAP_ruling,_Oct_31-82)
On November 7, [Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Ketanji_Brown_Jackson "Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson") temporarily froze the lower court order requiring full payment of SNAP.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-83) [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") stated, "at least nine states had already begun issuing SNAP benefits under the direction of the federal agency that operates SNAP," reportedly including California, Wisconsin, Kansas, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Vermont.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-84)
In early November, Trump called for ending the Senate's rule and tradition of the filibuster.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-85) On November 6, some Republican senators talked about making a "clean" Continuing Resolution one of the exceptions to the filibuster rule, but it's estimated that this change is unlikely.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-86)
On November 9, the Senate achieved a 60-vote compromise of a "mini-bus" which will fund certain departments through next September and the rest of government through January 30. SNAP would be funded through September 2026. Senate Republicans agreed to have a vote on the Obamacare funding by the 2nd week of December. Eight Democrats voted with Republicans to end the shutdown.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-87) On November 12, the House passed the bill, 222 to 209. Trump then signed it into law.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-88) [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") said, "The moderates viewed the deal â after Republicans leaders refused Schumer's offer â as the best possible offer they could secure, arguing that continuing the shutdown would only inflict more pain without any hopes of a better deal." In addition, [Senator Tim Kaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Kaine "Tim Kaine") (D-[Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia "Virginia")) was won over by a new continuing resolution coming from the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") which reversed the October layoffs.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025-79)
Government funding starting January 30, 2026
On January 8, 2026, the [House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") voted 397 - 28 for a three-bill package, known as a "minibus," which House and Senate negotiators had put forward earlier that week.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_House_approves_partial_funding_package,_Jan_8,_2026-89)
There was a partial shutdown from [January 31 till February 3, 2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January%E2%80%93February_2026_United_States_federal_government_shutdown#Shutdown "JanuaryâFebruary 2026 United States federal government shutdown"). On February 3, the House passed and President Trump signed the Senate version to fund the United States government through September, which the exception of the [Department of Homeland Security (DHS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security "United States Department of Homeland Security") only being funding through February 13. This is the result of disagreement between Democrats and Republicans over how to move forward from the [situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Minneapolis).[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Trump_signs_bill_to_end_government_shutdown,_Feb_3,_2026-90)
In the end, 21 House Democrats had voted for the funding bill and 21 House Republicans had voted against it.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-91)
DHS partial shutdown starting February 14, 2026
A partial shutdown of the Department of Homeland Security began on Saturday, February 14, 2026. Most of the government employees affected will be expected to keep working, but their paychecks may be delayed depending on the length of the shutdown. This affects the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), U.S. Secret Service, U.S. Coast Guard, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92)
The disagreement between Republicans and Democrats in Congress pertains most recently to the [situation in Minneapolis, Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Minneapolis) and more generally to immigration enforcement policies and actions by the Trump administration.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92)
Democrats are asking for judicial warrants before agents can enter private property, a ban on ICE agents wearing face masks, the mandatory use of body cams, and new laws for use-of-force standards.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026-92) In fact, both President Trump and Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem have spoken in favor of body cams starting in Minneapolis and going nationwide as funding becomes available.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026-93)
Trade and tariffs
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_between_Ursula_von_der_Leyen,_President_of_the_EC,_and_Donald_Trump,_President_of_the_United_States_-_2025_\(1\).jpg)
Trump with [European Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II "Von der Leyen Commission II") president [Ursula von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") in Scotland on the day of the signing of the US-EU trade agreement, July 27, 2025
Trump has been a strong proponent of tariffs both during his campaign and as president.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-94)[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-95) Throughout the first 100 days of his presidency, he implemented tariffs on multiple different countries, though mainly China, Mexico, and Canada, leading to retaliation.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-96)
On April 2, 2025, a day Trump nicknamed "[Liberation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day "Liberation Day")", he announced a 10% universal import duty on all goods brought into the US (even higher for some trade partners), before ordering a 90-day pause shortly after drops in the market.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-97)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-98) The Trump administration promised it would achieve 90 trade deals during this period, though only managed to achieve two by the end of the deadline, July 9, as well as ongoing negotiations with China, extending the window until August 1.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-99) Trump threatened to raise tariffs on multiple countries after the first deadline was met, including Japan and South Korea.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-100)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Manufacturing_activity_monthly_\(US\).svg)
Upon imposing the highest U.S. tariffs since the Great Depression (called "Liberation Day" in April 2025), Trump claimed that "jobs and factories will come roaring back". However, manufacturing employment declined every month for the rest of the year.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20260115-101)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_Consumer_Price_Index_-_monthly.svg)
Though Trump claimed in December 2025 that "[inflation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation "Inflation") has stopped", the [consumer price index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index_in_the_United_States "Consumer price index in the United States") (CPI) began increasing in the months following his April 2025 announcement of tariffs.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_CPI_20251211-102)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_US_farm_product_exports_to_China.svg)
Trump asserted tariffs on Chinese goods in February and April 2025, igniting a trade war that injected uncertainty as China turned to other sources.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Grist_20260121-103)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025-_US_Dollar_Index.svg)
In January 2026, the US dollar reached its lowest point in four years.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-FRED_202601-104) A lower dollar makes US goods less expensive abroad, but it also makes foreign products more expensive in the US and thus tends to increase inflation.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_20260127-105)
Immediate impact on market
Tariffs were primarily absorbed by importers by compressing profit margins. Oxford Economics estimated that tariffs contributed about 0.4 percentage points to the 2025 September [Consumer Price Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_price_index "Consumer price index")'s annual rate of 3.0%, keeping inflation above the Federal Reserve's target. Corporate earnings were significantly affected, with global companies reporting more than \$35 billion in tariff-related costs ahead of the third-quarter earnings season.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-106)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TSMC_CC_Wei_and_Trump_2025.png)
TSMC chairman and CEO [C. C. Wei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._C._Wei_\(business_executive\) "C. C. Wei (business executive)") standing next to President Trump and [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick"), announcing that TSMC is planning to invest in the U.S., March 3, 2025
Supreme Court hears IEEPA tariff case
On August 29, 2025, the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled 7-4 that many of the Trump tariffs were invalid. The Appeals Court had ruled that the [International Emergency Economic Powers Act (1977)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Emergency_Economic_Powers_Act "International Emergency Economic Powers Act"), did not grant the broad powers which the Trump administration was claiming. This decision did not affect some specific tariffs, such as steel or aluminum which were increased under other presidential authority.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_US_court_rules_many,_August_29,_2025-107)
On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court decided in *[Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_Resources,_Inc._v._Trump "Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump")* that the IEEPA did not authorise the president to impose tariffs. All tariffs imposed under IEEPA were struck down.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnn_decision-108)[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-109)
China
On May 12, the United States and China announced that tariffs would be reduced for a period of 90 days. U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods would be reduced from 145% to 30% and Chinese tariffs on U.S. goods would be reduced from 125% to 10%.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Trump_says_US-China_relations_'reset,'_May_12,_2025-110)[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Dow_closes_up_1,160_points,_May_12,_2025-111) However, this 30% is still more expensive for consumers in the United States compared to the state of affairs before Trump's initial tariffs.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_News,_Dow_adds_1,100_points,_May_12,_2025-112)
On August 11, 2025, this deal was extended for another 90 days.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_delays_China_tariff_hike_for_another_90_days,_August_11,_2025-113)
EU
On July 27, 2025, the United States and the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") concluded a trade agreement, providing for 15% tariffs on European exports. The deal was announced by Trump and President of the European Commission [Ursula von der Leyen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen "Ursula von der Leyen") at [Turnberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Turnberry "Trump Turnberry"), Scotland.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:6-114)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-115) European states committed to \$750 billion in [energy purchases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States "Energy policy of the United States") and \$600 billion in additional investments in the United States.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-116)
Middle East
From May 13 to 16, 2025, Donald Trump undertook a [four-day visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East"), focused primarily on securing business deals and investments in the United States.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-117)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-118)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-119)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-120)
Trump calls for 10% cap on credit card interest
In early January 2026, President Trump called for capping credit card interest at 10%. [Bankrate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankrate "Bankrate") reported at the time that the average credit card interest rate was over 19%.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026-121)[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump's_affordability_pledge,_Jan_16,_2026-122)
However, Wall Street analysts say that such a cap would require legislation from Congress which they estimate has "slim odds" of passing, and that this might hurt the overall economy since consumer spending is a major driver.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026-121)
Proposals for housing affordability
In January 2026, Trump proposed several actions and policies to make housing more affordable. These included the banning of "large institutional investors" from buying single-family homes, buying up to \$200 billion of mortgage debt in order to reduce mortgage interest rates \[already started earlier in the month\], making 50-year mortgages available, making portable mortgages available, and allowing homebuyers to use their 401(k)s plans for down payments.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
Critics say [the housing shortage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_crisis_in_the_United_States "Housing crisis in the United States") is the number one reason for higher prices and that addressing this shortage will take a number of state and local actions. Critics also say that making portable mortgages available would give existing home-owners an even bigger advantage over first-time buyers.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
In January 2026, Trump announced that he had ordered [Fannie Mae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae "Fannie Mae") and [Freddie Mac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mac "Freddie Mac") to buy up to \$200 billion in mortgage-backed bonds to drive down interest rates for new mortgages. The interest rates have since fallen.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026-123)
Domestic policy
Abortion
In April 2024, former president Trump had declared that [abortion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States "Abortion in the United States") should be delegated to states.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-124)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-125) He said he would not sign a federal ban and criticized the [Arizona Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Supreme_Court "Arizona Supreme Court")'s ruling in *[Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planned_Parenthood_Arizona_v._Mayes "Planned Parenthood Arizona v. Mayes")* (2024), which upheld an 1864 law.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-126)[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-127)
The [Alabama Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Supreme_Court "Alabama Supreme Court") ruled in *[LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LePage_v._Center_for_Reproductive_Medicine "LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine")* (2024) that [frozen embryos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_cryopreservation "Embryo cryopreservation") are living beings. In contrast, Trump positioned himself in favor of [in vitro fertilisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation "In vitro fertilisation") (IVF).[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-128)[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:9-129)
In January 2025, Trump reinstated the [Mexico City policy ("global gag rule")](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City_Policy "Mexico City Policy"), which had been rescinded by the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"). Since the 1980s, this rule has been put in place during Republican administrations and rescinded during Democratic administrations.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-130)
In May 2025, in a case involving [telehealth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telehealth "Telehealth") prescriptions and the abortion-drug [Mifepristone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone "Mifepristone"), the Trump administration asked the court to dismiss the case, arguing that the states involve did not have [standing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_\(law\) "Standing (law)"). This case was *Missouri v. FDA* brought before [federal judge Matthew Kacsmaryk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Kacsmaryk "Matthew Kacsmaryk") in the [Northern District of Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_District_of_Texas "Northern District of Texas"). The states involved were Missouri, Idaho, and Kansas.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-131)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-132)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-133)
In June 2025, the [Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services") ended the rule which required hospitals to provide emergency abortions under the [Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_Medical_Treatment_and_Active_Labor_Act "Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act").[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-134)[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-135)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-136)
In October 2025, the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration") approved a generic version of the abortion pill [mifepristone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone "Mifepristone"), allowing three U.S. companies to produce it and expanding access to medication abortion. The administration has not implemented major new restrictions on medication abortion, although [Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services") officials announced a review of mifepristone's safety in response to pressure from opponents.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-137)[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-138)
Anti-LGBTQ+ policies
During his second presidency beginning in 2025, Donald Trump launched a campaign of anti-LGBTQ+ and especially [anti-transgender policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") that eliminated federal recognition of transgender people, stripped legal protections, and sought to erase trans identities from public life.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto1-139) Through [a series of executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration#Executive_Orders "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration"), the administration defined sex strictly by birth biology, banned trans people from the military,[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-140) restricted or defunded gender-affirming healthcare, censored research and education materials,[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-141) and targeted schools, universities, and cultural institutions accused of promoting "[gender ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_ideology "Gender ideology")". Additional measures barred transgender athletes from sports, limited passport access,[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-142) and fueled international efforts to undermine trans rights. Accompanied by rhetoric portraying transgender people as a societal threat, these policies triggered widespread legal challenges, condemnation from human rights groups, and a surge in emigration and asylum claims by transgender Americans.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto1-139)
Environmental and energy policy
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20201211_Billion_dollar_events_related_to_climate_change_-_U.S._-en.svg)
In May 2025, [NOAA/NCEI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration") in the Trump administration indicated that it would no longer assemble the data that forms the basis of this chart.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143) NOAA/NCEI has access to non-public data, so that any private databases would be more limited in scope.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143)
Within hours of his January 2025 inauguration, Trump signed an executive order withdrawing the country from the 2015 [Paris Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement "Paris Agreement"), joining only Iran, Libya and Yemen as the only countries not party to the agreement.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250120-144) The same day, Trump issued [Executive Order 14154](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14154 "Executive Order 14154"), "Unleashing American Energy", which included pausing funding for the [Inflation Reduction Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act "Inflation Reduction Act"),[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-145) introducing uncertainty as to the [energy transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transition "Energy transition").[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-146) His administration soon renewed a practice from his first term: removing mentions of climate change across numerous federal government websites that had been reinstated during Joe Biden's intervening term.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250204-147) In April, Trump dismissed the scientists and experts who compile the [National Climate Assessments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Climate_Assessment "National Climate Assessment") (NCAs) that are required by Congress, the next assessment having been planned for 2028.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250428-148) The [globalchange.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Global_Change_Research_Program "U.S. Global Change Research Program") websiteâestablished in 1990 to host legislatively mandated reports such as the NCAsâwas taken down altogether at the end of June.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250701-149)
In May 2025, [NOAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration") said that its [National Centers for Environmental Information](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information "National Centers for Environmental Information") would no longer update its [Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20201211_Billion_dollar_events_related_to_climate_change_-_U.S._-en.svg "File:20201211 Billion dollar events related to climate change - U.S. -en.svg") database beyond 2024, and that its informationâgoing as far back as 1980âwould be archived.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_20250508-143) In July, the chief administrator of the [Environmental Protection Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency "United States Environmental Protection Agency") announced rescinding of the 2009 [endangerment finding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act#Endangerment "Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act"), which concluded that planet-warming [greenhouse gases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas "Greenhouse gas") pose a threat to public health.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250725-150) (The endangerment finding is the [scientific determination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatology "Climatology") that underpins the federal government's legal authority to [combat climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation "Climate change mitigation").[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250725-150)) In concurrence with the attempt to rollback the endangerment finding, Trump's [Department of Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy "United States Department of Energy") released an assessment titled *[A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Critical_Review_of_Impacts_of_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_on_the_U.S._Climate "A Critical Review of Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on the U.S. Climate")*. The report was assembled by five climate science contrarians and was heavily criticized for cherry-picked evidence, falsehoods, and distortions.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-151)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-152) The Union of Concerned Scientists called it "deeply flawed \[and\] anti-science." Climate scientist Andrew Dessler called it "a mockery of science."[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-153) On February 12, 2026, the [EPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency "United States Environmental Protection Agency") formally rescinded the [Endangerment Finding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act "Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act").[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20260212-154)
In August 2025, the [Bureau of Land Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management "Bureau of Land Management") initiated a review of offshore wind energy regulations and revised its rules to favor fossil fuel production over renewables.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
On September 23, 2025, [Trump told the United Nations General Assembly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_speech_at_the_United_Nations "2025 Donald Trump speech at the United Nations") that climate change is "the greatest con job ever perpetrated on the world", that scientific [predictions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change "Scientific consensus on climate change") "were made by stupid people", and that renewable energy is a "scam".[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-TrumpUN_20250923-156)
In October 2025, the US used trade and visa threats to sabotage an agreement for cleaner international shipping at the [International Maritime Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization "International Maritime Organization").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
In December 2025, Russel Vought announced plans to dismantle the [National Center for Atmospheric Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Atmospheric_Research "National Center for Atmospheric Research").[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:18-155)
The Department of Energy issued several emergency orders in 2025 directing coal power plants to continue operating. The cost to ratepayers to maintain and run these aging plants was estimated at \$3 billion per year.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-157)
On January 7, 2026, Trump announced that the United States would be withdrawing from the 1992 [United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change") (UNFCC), the UN's [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change") (IPCC), and 65 other international organizationsâalleging the treaties "no longer serve American interests".[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260107-158) The next day, Trump's administration announced that the country would be withdrawing from the [Green Climate Fund](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Climate_Fund "Green Climate Fund"), which since 2010 has provided funds to help poorer nations deal with the effects of climate change.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico_20260108-159)
On January 14, 2026, the EPA revised its regulations on air pollution so as to no longer consider the dollar value of pollution's impact on human health when determining acceptable levels of polluted air for public health.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-160)
Nuclear power
The Trump administration has sought to drastically expand the US's nuclear power generation, setting a goal to quadruple it by 2050. The administration seeks to revive production at decommissioned plants, such as the plant at [Three Mile Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_Nuclear_Generating_Station "Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station") in Pennsylvania. It also seeks to promote the construction of new [small modular reactors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_modular_reactor "Small modular reactor"). The administration considers nuclear power generation a strategic priority because of its potential use in powering data centers needed to compete in the international AI development race. Experts are divided on the feasibility of Trump's nuclear power goals, with many expressing skepticism that they can be reached due to the high cost of nuclear power generation, while others say the conditions for financing nuclear power are relatively favorable. Despite efforts to increase nuclear power generation, data centers have led to steep increases in the cost of power in some communities, prompting local backlash.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-161)
Deployment of federal forces, and potential deployment
| | |
|---|---|
|  | This section needs to be **updated**. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. *(November 2025)* |
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250811AM-0326_President_Donald_Trump_holds_a_press_conference.jpg)
Trump and FBI Director [Kash Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash_Patel "Kash Patel") (far right) in a press conference on [crime in Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Washington,_D.C. "Crime in Washington, D.C.") in August 2025
Los Angeles
During the [June 2025 Los Angeles protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests_against_mass_deportation "June 2025 Los Angeles protests against mass deportation") against local immigration raids, against the wishes of the governor of California and the mayor of Los Angeles, Trump federalized the California National Guard and deployed them to Los Angeles along with 700 [Marines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps").
Washington, D.C.
[Declaring a crime emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaring_a_Crime_Emergency_in_the_District_of_Columbia "Declaring a Crime Emergency in the District of Columbia") in August 2025, the Trump administration deployed 2,000 National Guard soldiers to [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.")[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-162) The administration also federalized the [D.C. Metropolitan Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Police_Department_of_the_District_of_Columbia "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia") for 30 days. The increased presence was mainly used in tourist areas instead of high-crime areas.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-163)
Memphis, Tennessee
In September 2025, Trump announced the deployment of national guardsmen to [Memphis, Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee "Memphis, Tennessee"), saying that the city "is deeply troubled."[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-164)[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-165) Their presence in Memphis started on October 1. U.S. attorney general [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") said in a social media post that the [Memphis Safe Task Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis_Safe_Task_Force "Memphis Safe Task Force") has made more than 50 arrests over two days. Tennessee governor [Bill Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Lee_\(Tennessee_politician\) "Bill Lee (Tennessee politician)") indicated that he believed that any deployment of National Guard troops would include no more than 150 unarmed personnel.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-166)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-167)
Chicago
Trump has repeatedly singled out Chicago as "next," calling it a "mess" and claiming residents are "screaming" for federal intervention.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-168) No formal request has been made by Illinois officials, and crime data shows a decline.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-169) As reported by [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC"), Chicago has had a declining homicide rate with 19 homicides per 100,000 persons in 2023 and 17 per 100,000 in 2024.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Chicago's_crime_levels,_5_Sept_2025-170)
On September 6, Trump threatened "*[Apocalypse Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse_Now "Apocalypse Now")*"-style action against Chicago, writing "I love the smell of deportations in the morning" amid an AI-generated picture of himself as Lt. Col. Bill Kilgore in front of a burning Chicago skyline with helicopters and that "Chicago \[is\] about to find out why it's called the Department of WAR". The post was criticized by local elected leaders, with governor of Illinois [JB Pritzker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JB_Pritzker "JB Pritzker") writing, "The President of the United States is threatening to go to war with an American city. This is not a joke. This is not normal."[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-171)
On Sunday September 28, [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Border_Patrol "U.S. Border Patrol") and [Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement "United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement") agents with automatic weapons and full combat gear patrolled high-visibility tourist areas in [Downtown Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Loop "Chicago Loop"). Federal officers repeatedly fired chemicals at a crowd of 100 protesters after some of this crowd attempted to block a car from driving down a street toward the ICE building.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-172)
On October 7, [Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Johnson "Brandon Johnson") said, "We do know that much like what we've seen in other parts of the country, there is a process that the National Guard goes through before they're actually released into the streets of Chicago or anywhere."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Texas_National_Guard_headed_to_Illinois,_Oct_7,_2025-173)
On October 9, a federal judge issued a restraining order against the use of National Guard soldiers in Illinois through October 23.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_judge_temporarily_blocks,_Oct_9,_2025-174) In mid-October, the [U.S. Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit "United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit") upheld this pause on deployment, but also upheld the federalization.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Trump_asks_Supreme_Court_to_allow_deployment,_Oct_17,_2025-175)
On October 17, the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to review this decision.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-176)
Portland, Oregon
On October 5, a federal judge whom Trump had appointed issued a temporary restraining order against the deployment of the National Guard in Portland, Oregon. This restraining order was effective through October 19. [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC") summarized the judge's rationale as being that "the use of the military to quell unrest without Oregon's consent risked the sovereignty of that state and others, and inflamed tensions in the city of Portland."[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Judge_blocks_Trump,_Oct_6,_2025-177)
On October 20, a three-judge panel for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the [9th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_Circuit "9th Circuit") ruled 2-1 that the Trump administration can go forward with deploying National Guard soldiers in Portland. This conflicts with the decision of U.S. Court of Appeals for the [7th Circuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Circuit "7th Circuit") for Chicago.[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Appeals_court,_Oct_20-178)
New Orleans
This case is different because Louisiana governor [Jeff Landry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Landry "Jeff Landry") has requested the National Guard for large upcoming events: the [Bayou Classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou_Classic "Bayou Classic") college football event November 27â29, New Year Eve and Day celebrations, and Mardi Gras celebrations in February. The New Orleans police superintendent said, "We are working together and planning their deployment". New Orleans had been the site of the [January 1, 2025, terrorism attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_New_Orleans_truck_attack "2025 New Orleans truck attack") in which 14 persons lost their lives and at least 57 persons were injured.[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_expected_in_New_Orleans,_Oct_21-179)
Minneapolis
In early January 2026, federal agents [shot and killed Renee Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good"). On January 24, federal agents [shot and killed Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti"). The Department of Homeland Security said the agent acted in self-defense after attempting to disarm Pretti. However, video shows him holding a cell phone.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Border_Patrol_kills_Alex_Pretti,_Jan_25,_2026-180)
On January 26, President Trump and [Minnesota Governor Tim Walz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Walz "Tim Walz") talked by phone, in a call which Walz described as "productive" and Trump described as "on a similar wavelength." A top official with the [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol"), along with some agents, will be leaving Minnesota. [Homeland Security Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") will be traveling to Minnesota.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_possible_thaw,_Trump_and_Minnesota's_governor_talk,_Jan_26,_2026-181)
On February 2, 2026, Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem announced that all immigration officers in Minneapolis will begin wearing body cams (and nationwide as funding becomes available). Also on February 2, President Trump said that body cams "generally tend to be good for law enforcement because people can't lie about what's happening."[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026-93)
Troop deployments to U.S. cities cost \$496 million in 2025
The [Congressional Budget Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office "Congressional Budget Office"), provided this estimate when requested by Senate Democrats. Deployments to five American cities â Los Angeles, Portland (Oregon), Chicago, Memphis, and Washington, DC â cost approximately \$496 million from June through the end of December. Even in cities of Portland, Oregon, and Chicago, Illinois, in which National Guard soldiers were prevented from assisting law enforcement due to court order, the stand-by status still largely cost the same amount of money.[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_cost_nearly_half_a_billion_dollars,_Jan_29,_2026-182)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump's_National_Guard_deployments_have_cost,_Jan_29,_2026-183)
FEMA
In April, the [Federal Emergency Management Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency "Federal Emergency Management Agency") denied an extension of benefits for areas in Georgia and North Carolina which had been hit by [Hurricane Helene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Helene "Hurricane Helene") in September 2024.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek,_Trump_denies_FEMA_aid_extension,_April_12,_2025-184)
Tornadoes hit parts the state of Mississippi in March and a major disaster declaration by the federal government took more than two months, even at the request of Republican governor [Tate Reeves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_Reeves "Tate Reeves") of Mississippi.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_While_Trump_overhauls_FEMA,_May_20,_2025-185) On May 23, the Trump administration approved disaster aid for areas within 8 states including Mississippi, as well as Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Trump_approves_FEMA_disaster_relief_for_8_states,_May_23,_2025-186)
Health policy
Trump and his administration's [Make America Healthy Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Healthy_Again "Make America Healthy Again") agenda promoted various [anti-science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-science "Anti-science") and [anti-vaccine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") claims, which led to a resurgence of whooping cough and measles. They alleged they were working against [Big Pharma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry "Pharmaceutical industry").[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-187)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-188)
On November 14, Trump announced that he would nominate [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") for Health and Human Services Secretary. This was controversial given Kennedy's repeated endorsement of [anti-vaccine conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_conspiracy_theories "Anti-vaccine conspiracy theories"). The director of the [American Public Health Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Public_Health_Association "American Public Health Association"), America's largest organization of public health professionals, said, "He is not competent by training, management skills, temperament or trust to have this job."[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-189)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Trump_with_RFK,_Jr.,_December_2024-190)
On February 18, Trump signed an executive order calling for the policy recommendations for reducing the out-of-pocket costs of [In Vitro Fertilisation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation "In vitro fertilisation").[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:9-129)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-191) On February 25, Trump signed an executive order to improve healthcare cost transparency.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-192)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250716MR-0146_President_Donald_Trump_attends_a_signing_ceremony_for_the_HALT_Fentanyl_Act.jpg)
Trump with families of [overdose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_overdose "Drug overdose") victims after signing the HALT Fentanyl Act, July 16, 2025
By late April, the Trump administration had placed on leave and then temporarily rehired federal employees in the NIOSH, or National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, who had been involved in monitoring for black lung disease.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_'I_want_to_live':_Coal_miners_speak,_April_29,_2025-193)
On June 9, Kennedy fired all 17 members of the [Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices"). He claimed that it "has become little more than a rubber stamp for any vaccine." [Senator Bill Cassidy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Cassidy "Bill Cassidy"), a medical doctor, said "now the fear is that the ACIP will be filled up with people who know nothing about vaccines except suspicion." These firings came before a scheduled June 25 meeting in which the committee was expected to issue new recommendations for vaccines including COVID-19.[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_RFK_Jr._removes_every_member_of_CDC_vaccine_advisory_committee,_June_9,_2025-194)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_RFK_Jr_sacks_entire_US_vaccine_committee,_June_10,_2025-195)
In late January, several CDC websites, pages, and datasets related to HIV and STI prevention, and LGBT and youth health [became unavailable for viewing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_government_data_removals "2025 United States government data removals").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-196)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-197)[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Faust-198)
In mid-February, around 1,300 CDC employees were laid off.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-199) In April, it was reported that among the reductions were the elimination of the Freedom of Information Act team, the Division of Violence Prevention, labs involved in testing for antibiotic resistance, and the team responsible for recalls of hazardous infant products. Additional cuts affected the technology branch of the Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics, which was established during the COVID-19 pandemic.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sdfsadfg-200)
On June 25, 2025, Kennedy announced that the U.S. was stopping its donations to the Gavi vaccine alliance, until Gavi can better demonstrate vaccine safety.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Kennedy_says_US_is_pulling_funding,_June_26,_2025-201)[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_RFK_Jr.'s_halt_to_U.S._funding,_June_26,_2025-202) The United States had been providing approximately 13 percent of Gavi's budget.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_RFK_Jr_will_be_'personally_responsible',_June_26,_2025-203)
On August 5, 2025, Secretary Kennedy announced that he was stopping 22 vaccine projects using mRNA technology, including Covid, RSV, and bird flu. A critic of this funding halt pointed out that mRNA vaccines have the potential for faster roll-out.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_RFK_Jr._pulls_$500_million,_August_5,_2025-204)
On December 5, 2025, it was no longer systematically recommended for newborns of mothers having never gotten [Hepatitis B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B "Hepatitis B") to get vaccinated against this infection. The memos sparked indignation among most health experts.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-205)[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-206)[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-207)
On February 24, 2026, more than a dozen U.S. states led by Democratic attorneys general filed a federal lawsuit against the Trump administration and its Department of Health and Human Services, challenging changes to the childhood vaccination schedule that reduced the number of routinely recommended immunisations and shifted some to âshared clinical decision-making.â[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-208)
2025 CDC leadership dispute
On May 14, 2025, [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.") stated that lawyer Matthew Buzzelli is acting CDC director, though the CDC web site did not list that name.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-faust-209)[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-faust2-210)
[Susan Monarez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Monarez "Susan Monarez") was confirmed as CDC head on July 31, 2025, but on August 27, she was fired. Monarez disputed the legality of the firing, as it had not been carried out by the president, and it had been falsely reported that she had resigned. The president later officially carried out the firing.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-211) The firing was due to her refusing to rubber stamp what were expected to be unscientific recommendations from the senior staff vaccine experts, as well as refusing to fire them. The dispute began over demands from Kennedy and his top staff for changing the recommendation for COVID vaccine to persons with higher-risk conditions and senior citizens only. The official recommendation also affects insurance coverage and whether vaccines are available in pharmacies. Senator Bill Cassidy called for the next meeting of the [Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advisory_Committee_on_Immunization_Practices "Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices") to be postponed. He said, "Serious allegations have been made about the meeting agenda, membership, and lack of scientific process being followed for the now announced September ACIP meeting. These decisions directly impact children's health and the meeting should not occur until significant oversight has been conducted."[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_standoff_over_Monarez_firing,_August_28,_2025-212)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-213) The next day, the Trump administration announced the selection of Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services [Jim O'Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_O%27Neill_\(investor\) "Jim O'Neill (investor)") as a replacement.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-214)
Following news of Monarez's ouster, at least four other CDC senior officials announced their resignations:[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-cnbc-27aug2025-215)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-th-27aug2025-216)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guard-28aug2025-2-217)
- [Debra Houry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra_Houry "Debra Houry"), Chief Medical Officer
- [Demetre Daskalakis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demetre_Daskalakis "Demetre Daskalakis"), Director of the [National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Immunization_and_Respiratory_Diseases "National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases")
- Daniel Jernigan, Director of the [National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Emerging_and_Zoonotic_Infectious_Diseases "National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases")
- [Jennifer Layden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Layden "Jennifer Layden"), Director of the Office of Public Health Data, Surveillance, and Technology, which contains the [National Center for Health Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics "National Center for Health Statistics")
Dozens of CDC employees walked out of headquarters and protested in support of Monarez and the departing officials.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-218)
Claims about autism
On September 22, 2025, Trump and other U.S. Department of Human Service officials delivered speeches issuing a major agenda for combating [autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism "Autism"). Warnings were for doctors not to recommend during pregnancy the pain- and fever-reducer [acetaminophen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaminophen "Acetaminophen"), which is commonly used as an ingredient in [Tylenol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylenol#Questions_about_safety_during_pregnancy "Tylenol").[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219)[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025credibility-220) These warnings were issued in spite of the fact that medical experts have found no link between autism and this ingredient, with autism generally established to be a result of complex neurological factors.[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-221)[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_and_RFK_Jr,_Sept_22,_2025-222) *[Scientific American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_American "Scientific American")* has reported that fever itself in the second \[2nd\] trimester is a risk factor for autism, and therefore the claims made by the Trump administration are counter-productive.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Scientific_American,_RFK,_Jr.,_Is_Wrong_about_Cause,_April_17,_2025-223)
Also on September 22, Trump also spoke in favor of and the [FDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDA "FDA") approved the use of the chemotherapy drug [leucovorin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucovorin "Leucovorin") to also help alleviate the symptoms of autism.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219) However, the justification for this approval was based on limited evidence.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025credibility-220) A [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") contributor said, "Not all children with autism have this defect, so there's a test you can do to assess whether that's what's at play. For those kids, leucovorin has been shown to help, particularly with speech, getting kids to be more verbal than they were before."[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump_and_RFK_Jr,_Sept_22,_2025-222) The [National Institute of Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Health "National Institute of Health") (NIH) was also granted \$50 million in funding for 13 projects to help transform autism research through the proposed Autism Data Science Initiative.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sept222025-219)
Two-thirds of the increase in autism are estimated by an April 2025 *Scientific American* article to be due to better diagnosis and the desire of parents and schools to get started with early intervention. However, this same article estimates that one-third is due to an actual increase in autism from a variety of factors such as mothers in richer countries being older on average at childbirth, the ability to keep more premature children alive and healthy, and small-particle air pollution during the 3rd trimester which can cause an inflammatory response.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Scientific_American,_RFK,_Jr.,_Is_Wrong_about_Cause,_April_17,_2025-223)
On October 9, 2025, Trump and U.S. secretary of health and human services [Robert Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kennedy_Jr. "Robert Kennedy Jr.") alleged a link between autism and [circumcisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcisions "Circumcisions").[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-224)[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-rfjrcircumsicisionautism-225) Kennedy cited a 2015 [Danish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark "Denmark") study to justify this claim.[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-226) The validity of Kennedy's assertion about circumcisions being linked to autism has also been challenged by scientists and medical experts.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-rfjrcircumsicisionautism-225)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-227)
Prescription drug prices
In December 2025, President Trump announced a deal in which nine major pharmaceutical companies will in 2026 begin offering "Most Favored Nation" pricing to state Medicaid programs. In return, the companies will receive a reduction in tariffs for three years. This announcement brings the total to 14 out of the 17 largest pharmaceutical manufacturers agreeing to this deal, leaving AbbVie, Johnson & Johnson, and Regeneron as the major holdouts. In 2026, the Trump administration plans to start a website named TrumpRx which will not sell drugs directly, but will give patients information and links on pricing. Trump officials said the deal also included more than \$150 billion for new investment within the U.S. In addition, several of the companies will be donating pharmaceutical ingredients to the [Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Active_Pharmaceutical_Ingredients_Reserve "Strategic Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Reserve").[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_deals_on_prescription_pricing,_Dec_19,_2025-228)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_deals_w/_pharmacy_companies,_Dec_19,_2025-229)
Senior citizens on [Medicare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_\(United_States\) "Medicare (United States)") will see lower prices in 2026 from the first negotiated prices going into effect from the [Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_Reduction_Act "Inflation Reduction Act") signed in 2022 by [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden"). This includes [blood thinners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticoagulant "Anticoagulant") such as Eliquis and Xarelto and [diabetes drugs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_medication "Diabetes medication") such as Jardiance and Januvia. However, a negative feature of the Inflation Adjustment Act is, that since it penalizes year-to-year increases in drug prices, drug companies have responded by setting higher starting prices. One study found that "launch prices" for new drugs became approximately 50% higher over the three-year period from 2022 to 2024 (inclusive), with an expert saying this practice is likely to continue until it receives a policy response.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_2022's_Inflation_Reduction_Act_interplay,_Dec_25,_2025-230)
Subsidies for Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare")
On January 8, 2026, the [House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress#House_party_summary "119th United States Congress") voted 230â196 to extend the higher [Biden-era](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden#Infrastructure_and_climate "Joe Biden") subsidies for another three years. Without this extension, it's estimated that monthly premiums will double for many persons who are signed up for the [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act"). One House Republican said, "I am voting in favor of this discharge and of this legislation to send it to the Senate, so that the Senate will have the opportunity to put forth a reform package that can pass Congress and become law."[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_8_Jan_2026,_House_votes_to_extend_ACA_higher_subsidies-231)[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_17_House_Republicans_vote_with_Democrats_to_extend_Obamacare_subsidies,_Jan_8,_2026-232)
Immigration
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_Portrait_of_Secretary_Kristi_Noem.jpg)
[Kristi Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem"), [Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security "United States Secretary of Homeland Security")
President-elect Trump stated his intentions to revive the [immigration policies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_the_first_Trump_administration "Immigration policy of the first Trump administration") from his first presidency, including a [travel ban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_travel_ban "Trump travel ban") on refugees from [Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran "Iran"), [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq "Iraq"), [Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya "Libya"), [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia "Somalia"), [Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan "Sudan"), [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria "Syria"), and [Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen "Yemen"). Other policies included [expulsion of asylum seekers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_42_expulsion "Title 42 expulsion") by asserting that they carry [infectious diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_diseases "Infectious diseases"), deputization of [police officers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_officers "Police officers") and soldiers to assist in mass [deportations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation "Deportation"), and the establishment of sprawling [detention camps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment "Internment").[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-233) Trump said "there is no price tag" to carry out these deportations.[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-234) On November 10, 2024, Trump announced that [Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") would be "[border czar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_czar "Border czar")".[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collins-2024-235)
While border crossings reached record highs during the first half of the Biden presidency, they fell to lower levels near the end of his term, then dropped even further at the start of Trump's presidency.[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-236)[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-237)
Shortly after he became president on January 20, 2025, the Trump administration ended services for the app of [CBP One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBP_One "CBP One"), reinstated the [national emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_emergency "National emergency") at the [southern border](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border "MexicoâUnited States border"), ordered the armed forces to draft plans for deployment,[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-238)[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-239) and began the steps towards labeling Mexican drug cartels as terrorist organizations.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-240) Trump increased deportation authorities for the [Drug Enforcement Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration "Drug Enforcement Administration"), the [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"), and the [Marshals Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service "United States Marshals Service").[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-241)
He gave ICE the power to deport immigrants who had come to the United States legally under [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration "Biden administration") programs,[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-242) and established daily deportation quotas to ICE offices.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-243)
Trump also signed an [executive order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14160 "Executive Order 14160") attempting to end [birthright citizenship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States "Birthright citizenship in the United States") for children of unauthorized immigrants as well as immigrants legally but temporarily present in the United States. At least nine lawsuits have been filed challenging the order on constitutional grounds, and as of February 2025, four federal judges have issued preliminary injunctions blocking its implementation and enforcement nationwide.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:2-244)[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:1-245)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-246) On June 27, the Supreme Court limited the ability of individual District Judges to issue injunctions against executive actions, meaning to pause executive action. The Supreme Court did not rule on the merits of birthright citizenship. District Judges can still issue injunctions in limited circumstances, such as for persons directly involved in a class action lawsuit.[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Supreme_Court,_June_27,_2025-247)
On January 22, 2025, Trump ended the policy from 2011 which prohibited immigration arrests in sensitive areas such as courthouses, schools, churches, and hospitals, or during funerals and weddings.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-248) NPR reported that a "growing number" of Democrat and Republican officials in cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments stated they would not assist in migrant raids citing public safety, civil rights, and administrative capability concerns.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-249) On January 29, Trump signed the [Laken Riley Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laken_Riley_Act "Laken Riley Act") into law, the first legislation of his second term.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-250)[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto-251) On the same day, he signed a presidential memorandum to begin expansion of the [Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guantanamo_Migrant_Operations_Center "Guantanamo Migrant Operations Center") to house up to 30,000 migrants under detention, separate from the high security military prison at Guantanamo Bay.
On February 6, [U.S. Border Patrol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol "United States Border Patrol") chief [Michael W. Banks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Banks_\(law_enforcement_officer\) "Mike Banks (law enforcement officer)") claimed that illegal border crossings were already down almost 90% since Trump's inauguration, and that criminal prosecutions of those apprehended were up more than 50%.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-FOX20250206-252) On February 25, Trump announced that the US would launch "[Gold Card](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Gold_Card "Trump Gold Card")" residency permits for wealthy immigrants for a price of US\$5 million, with an estimated release near the end of March 2025.[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-253) Trump deported 37,660 people during his first month in office.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-254)
In response to injunctions countering his deportations, Trump considered suspending [*habeas corpus*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_corpus_in_the_United_States "Habeas corpus in the United States").[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-255) [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller_\(political_advisor\) "Stephen Miller (political advisor)") in May 2025 said regarding immigration cases that "*habeas corpus* can be suspended in a time of invasion", and that the Trump administration was "actively looking at" carrying out such a suspension, depending on "whether the courts do the right thing or not"; [Article One of the United States Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution "Article One of the United States Constitution") forbids such a suspension "unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it."[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-256)
On July 1, Trump toured a newly built facility in the Florida Everglades nicknamed "[Alligator Alcatraz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_Alcatraz "Alligator Alcatraz")". This facility is designed to keep 3,000 persons in detention.[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Trump_visits-257) On July 10, the Department of Health and Human Services announced they would be restricting undocumented immigrants from enrolling for [Head Start](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_Start_\(program\) "Head Start (program)"), a federally funded U.S. preschool program.[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-258)
The administration announced on August 21, 2025, that it would be reviewing all 55 million visa holders in the United States.[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-259)
In October 2025, the White House set a record-low refugee admissions cap of 7,500 for the 2026 fiscal year, primarily for white Afrikaners from South Africa.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
By December 2025, the Department of Homeland Security reported the deportation of over 605,000 individuals, while an additional 1.9 million people voluntarily left the country. This resulted in a net negative immigration flow in 2025, marking the first such occurrence in 50 years. According to [Brookings Institution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brookings_Institution "Brookings Institution"), the net loss of immigrants ranged from 10,000 to 295,000 people.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
In January 2026, the U.S. suspended immigrant visa processing for 75 countries, citing concerns over potential financial burdens and a need to reassess immigration procedures to prevent reliance on public welfare.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:19-260)
On February 2026, the Global Entry program that expedites U.S. Customs and Immigration clearance for pre-approved low-risk travelers was suspended to "preserve limited funds and personnel". However, the Trump administration reinstated it on March 11, 2026.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-261)
Labor policy
Coal mining regulations
A rule from 2024 had been scheduled to go into effect in Spring of 2025 lowering the allowable silica dust from 100 to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air averaged over an 8-hour shift, with 50 being the standard already enforced by [OSHA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSHA "OSHA") in other industries. However, industry lawsuits delayed the rule in April 2025, and the Trump administration did not energetically defend the new standard. In addition, a group of seven Republicans in the [U.S. House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives "United States House of Representatives") led by [Tim Walberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Walberg "Tim Walberg") ([R](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")\- [Michigan's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan "Michigan") [5th Congressional District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%27s_5th_congressional_district "Michigan's 5th congressional district")) signed a letter to the [Mine Safety and Health Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_Safety_and_Health_Administration "Mine Safety and Health Administration") saying the new rule ignored cheaper solutions such as job rotation.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
In 2018, [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health "National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health") reported that approximately one in five coal miners with at least 25 years' experience in central [Appalachia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachia "Appalachia") had [black lung disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_lung_disease "Black lung disease"). However, among 11,000 workers who sought chest X-rays from 2020 to 2025, approximately 55% had some form of black lung.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
[CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS "CBS") said, "Some angry retired miners with black lung are fighting back, demanding that President Donald Trump honor promises he made to the people who voted him in."[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_coal_miners,_Nov_8,_2025-262)
Mass federal layoffs and firings
On February 13, Charles Ezell, acting director of the U.S. [Office of Personnel Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Personnel_Management "United States Office of Personnel Management"), signed a directive instructing federal agencies to dismiss probationary employeesâgenerally, federal workers who have held their jobs less than a year, or had been promoted into the [excepted service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excepted_service "Excepted service") during that time.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-263)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-264) Ezell told agencies to tell the fired employees that their performance was inadequate, and that they needed to cite no evidence.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-265)
As of May 12, 2025, *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* tracked more than 58,000 confirmed cuts, more than 76,000 employee buyouts, and more than 149,000 other planned reductions; cuts total 12% of the 2.4 million civilian federal workers.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Shao/NYT-266) As of July 14, 2025, *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")* has tracked more than 128,000 workers laid off or targeted for layoffs.[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN-tracker-267) The administration took back some layoffs such as for bird flu and nuclear safety.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Forbes,_Feb_26,_2025-268)
In December 2025, the Office of Personnel Management launched the [United States Tech Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Tech_Force "United States Tech Force"), a two-year hiring initiative intended to recruit about 1,000 technologists (including AI engineers) for federal technology modernization projects across multiple agencies.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-269)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-270)
Trump oversaw mass firings of federal workers at various agencies, many of them described as breaking with precedent or federal law and with the intent to replace them with workers more aligned with Trump's agenda.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Collinson_1282025-272)[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_1282025-273)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-274) On January 24, 2025, less than a week into Trump's second presidency, he fired 17 independent [inspectors general](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_\(United_States\) "Office of Inspector General (United States)") at federal agencies, which appeared to violate federal law that requires advance notice of dismissals to both chambers of congress with reasons given 30 days in advance.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-275) Trump also fired all Democratic but not Republican members of the [Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_and_Civil_Liberties_Oversight_Board "Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board"), which would prevent the board from meeting quorum and functioning.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_1252025-276) Trump also fired members of the [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Employment_Opportunity_Commission "Equal Employment Opportunity Commission"), [National Labor Relations Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board "National Labor Relations Board") and 56 senior officials at [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") for allegedly attempting to thwart his priorities.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)
Defense and military
President Trump fired over 160 members of the [National Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council "United States National Security Council") for not aligning with his agenda.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Kinnard_1282025-271)
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired [Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Kruse "Jeffrey Kruse") who had been the director of the [Defense Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency "Defense Intelligence Agency"), reportedly because his preliminary assessments regarding the June bombing of nuclear sites in Iran disagreed with President Trump's public address to the nation that the Iran nuclear program had been set back "basically decades." Also on August 22, [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News") confirmed that [Rear Adm. Milton Sands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Sands_III "Milton Sands III"), who had served as commander of Navy Special Warfare, and [Vice Adm. Nancy Lacore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_S._Lacore "Nancy S. Lacore"), who had been the chief of the Navy Reserve, both had been fired. In addition, CBS News reported that [Maj. Gen. J. Patrick Work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Patrick_Work "J. Patrick Work"), commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division, had "recently" been pulled from a future role as deputy commander of [U.S. Central Command](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Central_Command "United States Central Command").[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Three-star_general_Jeffrey_Kruse_ousted,_August_23,_2025-277)
Announced on October 4, [Secretary of Defense Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") fired Navy chief of staff [Jon Harrison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Harrison_\(U.S._Navy\) "Jon Harrison (U.S. Navy)").[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-militarytimes,_Oct_4-278)
Firing of BLS director
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2021-_Change_in_non-farm_employment_-_US.svg)
Trump fired BLS [director Erika McEntarfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_McEntarfer "Erika McEntarfer") soon after a downward revision to the July 2025 employment statistic, but subsequent months showed no net improvement over July's number.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BLS_EmploymentChange_20251228-68) In December 2025, Trump rated his economy as "A+++++".[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Newsweek_20251210-67)
In early August, the [Bureau of Labor Statistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics "Bureau of Labor Statistics") (BLS) revised their numbers for May from 125,000 new jobs to 19,000, and their June numbers from 147,000 new jobs to 14,000. The BLS frequently revises monthly jobs numbers, but typically not to this extent.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279) For the United States, unemployment is still low at 4.2%. The BLS estimates that 73,000 new jobs were added in July.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
President Trump fired BLS [director Erika McEntarfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erika_McEntarfer "Erika McEntarfer"). On social media, he wrote, "No one can be that wrong? We need accurate Jobs Numbers. She will be replaced with someone much more competent and qualified. Important numbers like this must be fair and accurate, they can't be manipulated for political purposes."[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
In the last 10 years, companies have responded slower to the jobs survey and the percentage of companies responding at all has fallen. However, the survey gets responses from roughly 200,000 business locations, which can be independent companies or franchise owners.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279) Two former commissioners with the BLS, including one appointed by Trump during his first term, made public statements criticizing the firing and supporting Director McEntarfer. [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") describes the economic data provided by the United States government as having long being regarded as the gold standard of economic measurement.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_Trump_removes_official_overseeing_jobs_data,_August_1,_2025-279)
National Security
Counterterrorism policies
Trump issued [NSPM-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSPM-7 "NSPM-7") (National Security Presidential Memorandum-7) on September 25, 2025, directing a government-wide strategy to counter what it characterizes as organized domestic terrorism and political violence. The memorandum cites "common threads" such as "anti-Americanism", "anti-capitalism", "anti-Christianity", support for 'overthrowing' the United States Government, and extremism related to migration, race, and gender. It assigns the National Joint Terrorism Task Force to lead investigations, directs the Department of Justice to prioritize prosecutions and consider domestic terrorist organization designations, and instructs the Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service to disrupt financial networks, while noting that the directive creates no enforceable rights. Thirty-one\[*[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")*\] members of Congress later warned in a letter that NSPM-7 raises constitutional and civil-liberties concerns if used to target political dissent or ideological speech.[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-280)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-281)[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-282)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-283)
Punishing states with cuts to Homeland Security funding
Due to the specific states not cooperating with Trump immigration policy, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) reduced more than \$233 million from Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and state of Washington. In addition, funding was cut to the District of Columbia.[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Judge_rules_you_can't_cut_security_funding_as_payback,_Dec_23,_2025-284)
In December, a federal judge ruled that the Trump administration could not do this, stating in her decision, "To hold hostage funding for programs like these based solely on what appear to be defendants' political whims is unconscionable and, at least here, unlawful."[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Judge_rules_you_can't_cut_security_funding_as_payback,_Dec_23,_2025-284)
On March 18, 2025, the Social Security Administration announced they would be implementing tighter identity requirements starting March 31,[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-285)[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-286) with this date pushed forward to April 14. The new policy requires takes away the telephone option and requires individuals to either apply online or appear in-person at a field office. Applications for SSDI, Medicare, or SSI are exempted from this in-person requirement, along with applicants subject to extreme situations "such as terminal cases or prisoner pre-release scenarios." This new policy comes at a time the Trump administration is closing some field offices and laying off some Social Security staff.
In late March, *Wired* reported that DOGE was putting together a team to migrate the Social Security base code from [COBOL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOL "COBOL") to a more modern programming language, with the goal of achieving this in a matter of months, whereas most experts say it should take several years to do and test this safely.[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Wired,_DOGE_Plans_to_Rebuild_SSA_Code_Base,_March_28,_2025-289)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-yahoo!_finance,_From_COBOL_To_Crisis,_April_4,_2025-290)
It was reported in mid-April that the Trump administration had placed on the "Death Master File", renamed the "Ineligible Master File", more than 6,000 persons who are legal immigrants whom officials claim are either on a terrorism watch list or have an FBI criminal record. The White House, however, did not provide evidence for this claim.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP,_What_we_know,_April_11,_2025-291)
Social Security will "clawback" money from a disabled or retired person's monthly payments in cases in which overpayments are discovered. Overpayments can either be the fault of Social Security or of the recipient, for example, a person on SSDI disability not reporting monthly work income over a certain threshold. The Biden administration had capped the clawback rate at 10%, but this expired on March 27, 2025, reverting to 100%. On April 25, the Trump administration reduced this clawback rate to 50%.
Universities
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_White_House_-_54437403521.jpg)
[Leo Terrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Terrell "Leo Terrell"), the head of the Trump administration's [Task Force to Combat Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States#Efforts_to_combat_antisemitism "Antisemitism in the United States"), with Donald Trump and Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") at the White House, April 7, 2025
In February 2025, [Leo Terrell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Terrell "Leo Terrell"), the chair of the Department of Justice's [Task Force to Combat Antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_to_Combat_Anti-Semitism "Joint Task Force to Combat Anti-Semitism"), announced that he would investigate [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University"), [Harvard University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University "Harvard University"), [George Washington University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University "George Washington University"), [Johns Hopkins University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University "Johns Hopkins University"), [New York University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_University "New York University"), [Northwestern University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_University "Northwestern University"), [University of California, Berkeley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley "University of California, Berkeley"), [University of California, Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles "University of California, Los Angeles"), the [University of Minnesota](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota "University of Minnesota"), and the [University of Southern California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California "University of Southern California") as part of the Department of Justice's broader investigation into [antisemitism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_and_antisemitism "Universities and antisemitism") on college campuses.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-293)
Trump's actions targeting higher education were described as part of an intimidation campaign against institutions viewed as hostile to his political views.[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-294)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-295) He [targeted higher education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Trump_administration#Actions_against_universities "Education policy of the second Trump administration") by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and [targeted activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_deportations_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Activist deportations in the second Trump presidency"), legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-296) Trump froze billions of dollars in federal funding for multiple universities in express defiance of existing laws prohibiting such actions without following proper legal processes that did not happen.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_07302025-297) The deals and demands made by Trump were criticized as coercive, a shakedown, and legalized extortion in what *Axios* described as pursuit of a "cultural crackdown".[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_07302025-298)[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Economist_07302025-297) On September 3, Judge [Allison D. Burroughs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison_D._Burroughs "Allison D. Burroughs") found Trump's efforts to freeze billions of dollars of funding for Harvard illegal, writing that the government had infringed upon Harvard's free speech rights and that it was "difficult to conclude anything other than that defendants used antisemitism as a smokescreen for a targeted, ideologically-motivated assault on this country's premier universities".[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-299)
Foreign policy
Asked: Are there limits on your global power?
> Yeah, there is one thing. My own morality. My own mind. It's the only thing that can stop me. I don't need international law. I'm not looking to hurt people.
âDonald Trump, January 7, 2026[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260108-300) *New York Times* White House correspondents wrote that "Mr. Trump's assessment... was the most blunt acknowledgment yet of his worldview. At its core is the concept that national strength, rather than laws, treaties and conventions, should be the deciding factor as powers collide."[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20260108-300)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025_Foreign_views_of_the_US.svg)
A 2025 [Pew Research Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pew_Research_Center "Pew Research Center") study found that more than half in 19 of 24 countries surveyed, said they lack confidence in Trump's leadership of world affairs, with views about Trump differing sharply along ideological and partisan lines.[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pew_20250611-301)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2025_Rating_of_Biden_2024_and_Trump_2025_-_survey_results.svg)
Among 24 surveyed countries, Trump's 2025 ratings trailed those of Joe Biden's 2024 ratings by an average of twelve percentage points in world affairs, though Trump fared better among right-wing populist parties in Europe.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pew_20250611p3-302)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:List_of_international_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_during_his_second_presidency.svg)
As of January 2026, [Trump has made eight international trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump "List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump") to thirteen different countries during his second presidency.
Trump's second term foreign policy has been described as a mixture of both [imperialist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism "Imperialism") and [expansionist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansionism "Expansionism") policies.[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-303)[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-304)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-305)[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-306) He engaged in a [realist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_\(international_relations\) "Realism (international relations)") and [isolationist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationist "Isolationist") "[America First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_\(policy\) "America First (policy)")" foreign policy agenda.[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_2282025-307)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Blaxland_2182025-308) His administration favored [hard power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_power "Hard power") to achieve foreign policy goals,[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Baker_02022025-309) and dismantled or withdrew support from domestic and international organizations dedicated to advancing American [soft power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power "Soft power").[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hvistendahl_07232025-310)[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-311) The moves were described as ceding American global influence and creating a void filled by [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") and [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China").[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Hsu_06242025-312)
His relations with allies were transactional and ranged from indifference to hostility, and he threatened them with economic tariffs or annexation.[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Erlanger_2272025-313)[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Broadwater_2272025-314) He was described as taking the side of Russia in the [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine"),[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Erlanger_2272025-313)[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Broadwater_2272025-314)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-315) and overseeing a rupture of the post-1945 rules-based [liberal international order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_international_order "Liberal international order") and abandonment of [multilateralism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateralism "Multilateralism").[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-316)[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Basu_2282025-307)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Blaxland_2182025-308)
[Michael Klare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Klare "Michael Klare") wrote that [containing the influence of China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations "ChinaâUnited States relations") and preventing the rise of any rival power is the central foreign policy objective of the administration.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-317) Trump has attempted to deepen the [U.S.-India partnership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations "IndiaâUnited States relations").[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-318)
Trump's administration saw large drops in global public opinion of the U.S.[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Henley_06112025-319) Countries like Canada, Germany, the U.K., Denmark, and Finland warned their citizens about traveling to the U.S.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-320)[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-321)[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-322)[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-323)[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-324)
Americas
Trump's second presidency has been characterized by a renewed American interference in the internal affairs of Latin American nations. These efforts have included both threats and promises made to influence the outcomes of elections in Honduras, Chile and Argentina, as well as tariff threats against Brazil and Mexico and military action against Venezuela.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-325)
Argentina
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_Argentina%E2%80%99s_President_Javier_Milei_\(54348219476\).jpg)
Trump with Argentina president [Javier Milei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei "Javier Milei") on February 22, 2025
On October 20, the United States and Argentina agreed to a currency swap for up to \$20 billion. About President Javier Milei of Argentina and his upcoming October 26 mid-term elections, President Trump said, "If he loses, we are not going to be generous with Argentina."[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian,_$20bn_currency_swap_deal,_Oct_20-326)
The Trump administration also announced plans to increase beef imports from Argentina. The National Cattlemen's Beef Association objected to this plan with their leader saying, "If President Trump is truly an ally of America's cattle producers, we call on him to abandon this effort to manipulate markets." On October 22, Trump posted on social media that American ranchers need to help get beef prices down, and said that ranchers "don't understand that the only reason they are doing so well, for the first time in decades, is because I put Tariffs on cattle coming into the United States, including a 50% Tariff on Brazil."[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Cattlemen's_trade_group,_Oct_23-327)
Boat strikes
At Trump's direction, the United States has executed a series of [airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstrike "Airstrike") in the Caribbean Sea on vessels alleged to be smuggling illegal drugs. As of January 4, 2026, a total of 35 strikes have been conducted, in which 115 individuals have been killed and 2 have been rescued after surviving the strikes.[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-328) Since the first strike, which was conducted on September 2, 2025, and killed eleven people, the Trump Administration has invoked combatting "terrorism" conducted by drug cartels as a justification for the strikes.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-329)
Many legal experts have argued that the strikes constitute illegal [extrajudicial killings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing "Extrajudicial killing") under both U.S. and [international law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law "International law"), noting that drug smuggling is generally considered to be a crime, not an act of war, and that the military is categorically prohibited from targeting civilians, even suspected criminals, unless facing a threat of imminent harm.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-330) [Conservative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States "Conservatism in the United States") lawyer and commentator [Andrew C. McCarthy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_C._McCarthy "Andrew C. McCarthy"), writing in [National Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review "National Review"), called the strikes "lawless" and "not legitimate under the law."[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-331) The [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice")'s [Office of Legal Counsel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel "Office of Legal Counsel") defended the strikes in a memo that has not been released to the public, endorsing President Trump's claim that the United States is an armed conflict with Latin American drug cartels and arguing that the destruction of drug boats eliminates a source of revenue that could be used to purchase weapons for attacks against the United States.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-332)
On November 27, *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")* published an article alleging that Secretary of Defense [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") had ordered the officers responsible for the first airstrike on September 2, 2025, to "kill everyone," on board, prompting Admiral [Frank M. Bradley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_M._Bradley "Frank M. Bradley") to order a second strike to kill the two survivors of the initial strike, who were clinging to the wreckage of the boat that had been by the initial strike.[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-333) As [no quarter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_quarter "No quarter") orders are forbidden under the [Law of war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_war "Law of war"), the second September 2 strike was widely criticized as constituting a [war crime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime "War crime") even under the Trump Administration's justification for the boat strike campaign in general, with the chair of the [United States Senate Committee on Armed Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services "United States Senate Committee on Armed Services"), [Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") Senator [Roger Wicker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Wicker "Roger Wicker"), along with ranking member [Jack Reed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Reed_\(Rhode_Island_politician\) "Jack Reed (Rhode Island politician)"), promising "vigorous oversight to determine the facts related to these circumstances." [\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-334) According to [The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times"), five U.S. officials stated that while Hegseth did, on September 2, order the killing of all individuals aboard the alleged drug boat, he did not specifically address what was to be done if any individuals survived the initial strike and was not present when Bradley carried out the second strike.[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-335) After Hegseth refused to release a video of the second strike to [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress"), the [United States Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") placed a provision in the 2026 [National Defense Authorization Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act "National Defense Authorization Act") holding back a quarter of Hegseth's travel budget until he showed the video to lawmakers.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-336)
Venezuela
On January 3, 2026, the United States launched [airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela") in Venezuela, capturing Venezuelan president [NicolĂĄs Maduro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro "NicolĂĄs Maduro") and his wife,[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-337) and resulting in an estimated 80 casualties, including Maduro's personal guard, military personnel, and civilians[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-338). The airstrike was done without congressional awareness or authorization, resulting in criticism from media and a number of congressmen.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-339) Maduro and his wife were arraigned in a Manhattan federal court on 5, January 2026. Both pleaded not guilty to a number of drug trafficking charges,[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-340) and Judge [Alvin Hellerstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Hellerstein "Alvin Hellerstein") ordered that Maduro be held until at least a 17 March hearing, later delayed to March 26, 2026.[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-341)
Europe
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_President_Alexander_Stubb.jpg)
Trump has emphasized good relations with Finland, especially with the "[icebreaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icebreaker "Icebreaker") trade" in October 2025.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-342)[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-343) Trump with Finnish president [Alexander Stubb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb "Alexander Stubb") at the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office").
NATO spending
The Trump administration has argued that European nations should contribute more to their own defense while the U.S. focuses on China.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344) During his 2024 campaign, he said he would not defend [NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO "NATO") allies if they did not meet the alliance's spending target of 2% of [GDP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP "GDP") on defense, and that he would "encourage" Russia to "do whatever the hell they want".[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-345)[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-346)[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-347) Trump officials privately expressed contempt for European "freeloading";.[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-348)[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Smialek/NYT-349) Trump's policies and rhetoric accelerated an [ongoing European rearmament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_European_rearmament "2020s European rearmament").[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-350)[\[349\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-351)[\[350\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-352)[\[351\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-353) Trump called Poland, which exceeds the NATO defense spending target, "one of the best groups of people I have ever met".[\[352\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-354)
Vice President JD Vance
Trump's administration has also expressed cultural disagreement with Europe and the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union"): in [a speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_JD_Vance_speech_at_the_Munich_Security_Conference "2025 JD Vance speech at the Munich Security Conference") at the [61st Munich Security Conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_Munich_Security_Conference "61st Munich Security Conference"), Vice President Vance criticized European policies on free speech and democratic values, and accused European leaders of suppressing dissenting views on issues such as immigration.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344)[\[353\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-355) Vance also expressed support for lifting restrictions on the [Alternative for Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany "Alternative for Germany"), a far-right German political party.[\[354\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-356)
UK
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_meets_US_President_Donald_Trump_\(54687372410\).jpg)
Trump with British prime minister [Keir Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") at [Turnberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnberry,_South_Ayrshire "Turnberry, South Ayrshire"), Scotland, July 28, 2025
While meeting with British prime minister [Keir Starmer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer "Keir Starmer") in February 2025, Trump accepted a request from [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III "Charles III") for a [state visit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_visit "State visit") in the U.K.;[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357)[\[356\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-358) both Trump and Starmer praised the U.S.âU.K. "[Special Relationship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Relationship "Special Relationship")".[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357) The state visit [occurred between September 16â18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_United_Kingdom "2025 state visit by Donald Trump to the United Kingdom") 2025.[\[357\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC4Sep2025-359)
Ukraine
Trump began a push for [peace negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_\(2022%E2%80%93present\) "Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022âpresent)") to end the [RussiaâUkraine war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[358\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-360) Trump's first foreign visit as [president-elect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States "President-elect of the United States") was to Paris for [the reopening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reopening_of_Notre-Dame_de_Paris "Reopening of Notre-Dame de Paris") of the [Notre-Dame de Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris "Notre-Dame de Paris"), during which he met with French president [Emmanuel Macron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron "Emmanuel Macron") and Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") to discuss the war,[\[359\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-361)[\[360\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-362) and met with other European officials.[\[361\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-363)[\[362\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-364) In February 2025, [Trump held phone calls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_Putin%E2%80%93Trump_phone_call "February 2025 PutinâTrump phone call") with Russian president [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin "Vladimir Putin") and with Zelenskyy that he said marked the beginning of negotiations.[\[363\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guardian-20250212b2-365) He threatened Ukraine with a suspension of [U.S. military aid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine")[\[364\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-366) and Russia with sanctions and tariffs if he decided they were not negotiating in good faith.[\[365\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-MoscowTimesJan2025-367)[\[366\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-368) The U.S. sought a [mineral resources agreement with Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93United_States_Mineral_Resources_Agreement "UkraineâUnited States Mineral Resources Agreement")[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_minerals2-369) though was unwilling to offer postwar security guarantees for Ukraine in exchange.[\[367\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_minerals2-369)[\[368\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-370) Negotiators reached a deal on the agreement[\[369\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Tarasova-Markina_20250226-371)[\[370\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_fulltext_20250225-372)[\[371\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Butenko_20250226-373) but the agreement fell through after [a contentious meeting between Trump and Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Trump%E2%80%93Zelenskyy_Oval_Office_meeting "2025 TrumpâZelenskyy Oval Office meeting") in the [Oval Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office "Oval Office") that ended when the Ukrainian delegation was abruptly asked to leave.[\[355\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:42-357)[\[372\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:62-374) Afterwards, the U.K. and France developed a proposal in which a "[coalition of the willing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_\(Russo-Ukrainian_War\) "Coalition of the willing (Russo-Ukrainian War)")" would provide security guarantees to Ukraine.[\[373\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-375)[\[374\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Deutsche_Welle_20250302-376) The [U.S. and Russia held a summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_United_States%E2%80%93Russia_summit_in_Saudi_Arabia "February 2025 United StatesâRussia summit in Saudi Arabia") in Saudi Arabia for peace talks in February[\[375\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-377) and U.S. held a summit with Ukraine the next month, during which Ukraine accepted a U.S.-proposed 30-day ceasefire.[\[376\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:102-378)[\[377\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-379) Putin did not accept the ceasefire,[\[378\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-380) though on March 18 Russia agreed to a 30-day ceasefire only for strikes on energy infrastructure and in the [Black Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea "Black Sea"),[\[379\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-381) which Ukraine agreed to.[\[380\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:16-382)[\[381\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:17-383)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_participates_in_a_bilateral_meeting_with_Ukrainian_president_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_P20250625DT-0727.jpg)
Trump and Ukrainian president [Volodymyr Zelenskyy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy "Volodymyr Zelenskyy") at [NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit") in [The Hague](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague "The Hague"), June 25, 2025
On July 9, Trump reversed a previously suspended military aid package to Ukraine following Russia's largest aerial assault on the country, involving hundreds of drones and missiles. The suspension, reportedly authorized by senior defense officials without Trump's prior knowledge. Trump expressed growing frustration with Russian president Vladimir Putin, accusing him of insincerity and relentless aggression, saying, "He wants to go all the way, just keep killing people, it's no good." The U.S. are discussing sending 10 [Patriot missiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot "MIM-104 Patriot") to Ukraine, and Trump said he is reviewing a [proposed sanctions bill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctioning_Russia_Act "Sanctioning Russia Act") by Senator [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") that would impose 500% [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") on countries trading with Russia. Although Trump has previously mentioned [secondary sanctions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sanctions "Secondary sanctions"), none have been implemented so far, with the president citing their cost and waiting to see if a peace deal would emerge.[\[382\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-384) On July 14, 2025, Trump threatened to impose 100% tariffs and secondary sanctions on [countries purchasing Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap "2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap") if Russia did not agree to a ceasefire within 50 days.[\[383\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-385)[\[384\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-386) Trump confirmed a [summit meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_Summit "2025 RussiaâUnited States Summit") between him and Putin to be held on August 15, 2025, in [Alaska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska "Alaska")[\[385\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-387) The high-level summit at [Joint Base ElmendorfâRichardson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Base_Elmendorf%E2%80%93Richardson "Joint Base ElmendorfâRichardson") in [Anchorage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska "Anchorage, Alaska") concluded without progress toward a ceasefire. Following the talks, Trump suggested the United States could assist Ukraine with surveillance flights or air defense support, while ruling out the deployment of ground troops.[\[386\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-388)[\[387\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-389)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_hosts_a_multilateral_meeting_with_President_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_of_Ukraine_and_European_leaders_\(54731808486\).jpg)
[EU, NATO members and Zelenskyy in Washington D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_multilateral_meeting_on_Ukraine "August 2025 White House multilateral meeting on Ukraine"), August 18, 2025
Trump emphasized that European nations should shoulder the primary burden of assistance and pressed Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy to take greater responsibility in securing peace. He further hinted that Ukraine may eventually face difficult choices, including potential territorial concessions, to bring the conflict to an end.[\[388\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-390)
In September 2025, Trump urged Europe to stop buying [Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector "Russia in the European energy sector") and start putting [economic pressure on China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93European_Union_relations "ChinaâEuropean Union relations") for funding Russia's war effort.[\[389\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-391) Treasury Secretary [Scott Bessent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Bessent "Scott Bessent") said the Trump administration is "prepared to increase pressure on Russia, but we need our European partners to follow us."[\[390\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-392)
In September 2025, the Trump administration approved the delivery of the first two packages of weapons to Ukraine from US stockpiles totalling approximately \$1 billion, which would be paid for by NATO allies, under the new mechanism called [Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prioritized_Ukraine_Requirements_List&action=edit&redlink=1 "Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List (page does not exist)") (PURL). The mechanism aims to deliver aid worth up to \$10 billion.[\[391\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-393) On September 27, 2025, President Zelenskyy announced a \$90 billion arms agreement with the United States in works.[\[392\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-394)
On October 22, 2025, the United States imposed sanctions on Russian energy companies [Rosneft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosneft "Rosneft") and [Lukoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukoil "Lukoil"),[\[393\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-395) affecting their customers in [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War "China and the Russo-Ukrainian War") and [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[394\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-396)
Africa
South Africa
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_greets_President_of_South_Africa_Cyril_Ramaphosa_\(54537936065\).jpg)
Trump with South African president [Cyril Ramaphosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa "Cyril Ramaphosa") in May 2025
Trump's administration strained [relations with South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations "South AfricaâUnited States relations"). Trump suspended all aid to South Africa, saying the country's [land expropriation law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expropriation_Act,_2024 "Expropriation Act, 2024") discriminated against [Afrikaners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaners "Afrikaners");[\[395\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:03-397) he also offered Afrikaners refugee status in the U.S.[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:13-344)[\[396\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-guard-12may2025-398) Rubio refused to attend the [G20 foreign ministers' meeting in Johannesburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_G20_Johannesburg_Summit "2025 G20 Johannesburg Summit")[\[397\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:23-399) and he declared the South African ambassador *[persona non grata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_non_grata "Persona non grata")* for his criticism of U.S. policies.[\[398\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:33-400)
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda
Rubio condemned the [Rwandan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwanda "Rwanda")\-backed [Goma offensive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Goma_offensive "2025 Goma offensive") in the [Democratic Republic of the Congo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo "Democratic Republic of the Congo") and called for an immediate ceasefire and respect for territorial integrity.[\[399\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-401) In April, U.S. officials entered into talks with the DRC on a minerals deal after a proposal from Congolese president [FĂ©lix Tshisekedi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi "FĂ©lix Tshisekedi").[\[400\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-402)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary_Rubio_Hosts_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo-Rwanda_Peace_Agreement_\(54618044678\).jpg)
Signing ceremony for the peace agreement, Washington, D.C., June 27, 2025.
In June 2025, President Trump brokered a [peace deal between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Rwanda_peace_agreement "2025 Democratic Republic of the CongoâRwanda peace agreement"), with the U.S. getting "a lot of mineral rights." This potentially brings to an end a 30+ year conflict dating back to the [1994 Rwanda genocide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide "Rwandan genocide"). Each country had accused the other of financing and supporting rebel groups. On June 27, in a deal signed in the White House, each country pledged to end such support, allow the return of refugees, and create a joint security coordination mechanism aimed at resolving disputes.[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_heralds_US-brokered_peace_deal,_June_27,_2025-403)
An estimated 6 million persons have died in this conflict, and Trump said that this deal ends "one of the worst wars anyone's ever seen." A critic said, "It risks reducing peace to a transactional exchange. Minerals are only one driver of conflict." Secretary of State Marco Rubio said, "This is an important moment after 30 years of war. President Trump is a president of peace. He really does want peace. He prioritizes it above all else."[\[401\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_heralds_US-brokered_peace_deal,_June_27,_2025-403) A former prime minister of the DR Congo, Joseph Kabila, expressed skepticism of the peace deal, saying that it was "nothing more than a trade agreement."[\[402\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_DR_Congo-Rwanda_peace_deal,_June_28,_2025-404)
South Sudan
In April 2025, the U.S. revoked all visas of and barred entry to citizens of [South Sudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan "South Sudan") after a dispute over the deportation of a South Sudanese citizen.[\[403\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian_Apr_6,_20252-405)
Asia
Middle East
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_state_visit_to_Qatar,_2025-05-14_P20250514DT-2130.jpg)
Trump and Qatar's emir [Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamim_bin_Hamad_Al_Thani "Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani") in [Lusail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusail "Lusail"), Qatar during [Donald Trump's visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East"), May 2025
Houthis
In March 2025, the [U.S. began a series of airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%E2%80%93May_2025_United_States_attacks_in_Yemen "MarchâMay 2025 United States attacks in Yemen") on [Houthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis "Houthis") targets in Yemen to counter [attacks on Red Sea shipping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis "Red Sea crisis"), with the goal of restoring freedom of navigation and deterring further aggression.[\[404\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-406) U.S. officials accidentally included *[The Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic")* editor [Jeffrey Goldberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg "Jeffrey Goldberg") in a [Signal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_\(software\) "Signal (software)") group chat discussing the military plans, [sparking a political scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_government_group_chat_leak "United States government group chat leak") and accusations of risking national security and violating records-preservation laws.[\[405\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-407)[\[406\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-408)[\[407\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-409)
In May 2025, Trump announced that his administration had reached a [ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceasefire "Ceasefire") deal with the Houthis.[\[408\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-410)
Iran
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_his_national_security_team_meet_in_the_Situation_Room_of_the_White_House_\(54607926187\).jpg)
Trump and Vance in the [Situation Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_Room "Situation Room") during [strikes on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites")
Trump reinstated his ["maximum pressure" campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_pressure_campaign "Maximum pressure campaign") against Iran and sought [a new set of negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iran%E2%80%93United_States_negotiations "2025â2026 IranâUnited States negotiations") to limit [Iran's nuclear program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran "Nuclear program of Iran").[\[409\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-411)[\[410\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-412) In March 2025, Trump sent a letter to Iranian supreme leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") urging new negotiations and warning of military action if talks fail.[\[411\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-413)[\[412\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-414)[\[413\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-415)
On June 13, 2025, [Israeli planes bombed sites in Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War "Twelve-Day War") associated with Iran's nuclear program. President Trump stated he was not involved, although Iranian leaders have said they do not believe this. There have been reports that Trump vetoed a plan to kill Iran's Ayatollah Khamenei, and that the United States communicated to Israel that Iran has not killed an American and discussions of killing political leaders should not be on the table.[\[414\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Israel-Iran_live_updates,_June_15,_2025-416)
In retaliation, Iran has fired missiles and drones at Israel, most of which has been shot down by Israel's [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") air defense system.[\[415\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-417) As of June 15, 24 people have been killed in Israel[\[416\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-418) and 224 people have been killed in Iran,[\[417\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-419) according to state media.
On June 18, Trump said he had not decided whether to join with Israeli bombing runs on nuclear program sites in Iran. Trump said that it is "very late to be talking." An Iranian foreign ministry spokesman told Al Jazeera news that he did not believe the Trump administration could dictate to Israel what it can and cannot do.[\[418\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-420)
Regarding whether the United States will strike with B-2 planes carrying "bunker-buster" bombs directed against Iran's Fordo nuclear site (which is buried in a mountain), President Trump said, "Based on the fact that there is a substantial chance of negotiations that may or may not take place with Iran in the near future, I will make my decision whether or not to go within the next two weeks."[\[419\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-421)
On June 21, 2025, the U.S. [attacked three nuclear sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites "2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites"): the [Fordow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordow_Fuel_Enrichment_Plant "Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant") uranium enrichment facility, the [Natanz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natanz_Nuclear_Facility "Natanz Nuclear Facility") nuclear facility, and [Isfahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan "Isfahan") nuclear technology center.[\[420\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-422)[\[421\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-423) B-2 airplanes took off from the state of Missouri and made the 18-hour flight to Iran, being refueled multiple times en route. Entering Iranian airspace, fighter jets cleared space ahead of them, and a Navy sub fired more than 24 Tomahawk missiles. The leading B-2 dropped two Massive Ordnance Penetrators bombs (MOPs, or "bunker-busters") at the Fordo site. A total of 14 MOPs were dropped at two target sites. [Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") said, "We devastated the Iranian nuclear program, but it's worth noting that the operation did not target Iranian troops or the Iranian people."[\[422\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-424)
On June 22, Trump said that since the Islamic regime in control of Iran has failed to make Iran great, it should be replaced to "Make Iran Great Again".[\[423\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:02-425)[\[424\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-426) Later he posted on social media that their constant anger, hostility, and despair have only led them to ruin. The path they're on offers no hope, only more hardship, " I wish the leadership of Iran would realize that you often get more with honey than you do with vinegar".[\[425\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-427)
On August 22, 2025, the Trump administration fired director of [Defense Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency "Defense Intelligence Agency") [Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Kruse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Kruse "Jeffrey Kruse"). This reportedly was done because General Kruse had made a preliminary assessment that Iran had moved some of their uranium stockpile and that the bombing had only set Iran back a matter of mere months, whereas President Trump had said in a speech to the nation that Iran's program had been set back "basically decades." [Senator Mark Warner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Warner "Mark Warner") (Democrat - Virginia), who is vice-chair of the [Senate Select Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Select_Intelligence_Committee "Senate Select Intelligence Committee"), said, "The firing of yet another senior national security official underscores the Trump administration's dangerous habit of treating intelligence as a loyalty test rather than a safeguard for our country."[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Three-star_general_Jeffrey_Kruse_ousted,_August_23,_2025-277)
During the [2025â2026 Iranian protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025%E2%80%932026_Iranian_protests "2025â2026 Iranian protests"), Trump repeatedly warned the Iranian authorities that the U.S. would "intervene" if the regime did not halt its [crackdown on protesters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_massacres "2026 Iran massacres").[\[426\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-428) On January 16, 2026, Trump announced that the Iranian leadership had reportedly canceled over 800 planned executions.[\[427\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-429)
On February 28, 2026, Trump launched a [major attack on Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_conflict "2026 Iran conflict") with Israel with the stated goal of [regime change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regime_change "Regime change").[\[428\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-430)
Israel and Gaza
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_Welcomes_Israeli_Prime_Minister_Benjamin_Netanyahu_to_the_White_House_\(cropped_b\).jpg)
President Trump hosting [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") at the White House on July 7, 2025
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:250709-D-PM193-1255_SecDef_Pete_Hegseth_Hosts_Israeli_PM_Netanyahu_at_the_Pentagon.jpg)
Secretary of Defense [Pete Hegseth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Hegseth "Pete Hegseth") hosting Netanyahu at the Pentagon on July 9, 2025
After being elected in November 2024, Trump said he wished to end the [Gaza war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war "Gaza war"),[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:52-431)[\[430\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-432) telling Israeli prime minister [Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu") to end [Israel's invasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip "Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip") within two months[\[429\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:52-431) and warning Hamas that they would have "all hell to pay" if they did not agree to a ceasefire and [release all hostages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis "Gaza war hostage crisis") by Trump's inauguration.[\[431\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-433) Trump's incoming administration joined the Biden administration in pressuring negotiations,[\[432\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-washingtonpost202501152-434)[\[433\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-haaretz202501132-435)[\[434\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-nytimes20250115a2-436) and Israel and Hamas [agreed to a phased ceasefire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire "January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire") on January 15, 2025.[\[435\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-437)[\[436\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-agreementconfirmed-438) In February 2025, Trump [proposed an American takeover of Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Donald_Trump_Gaza_Strip_takeover_proposal "2025 Donald Trump Gaza Strip takeover proposal") in which the territory's Palestinian population would be relocated to allow for its redevelopment, which was criticized by Egypt and Jordan.[\[437\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-439)[\[438\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Trump_plan-440) The ceasefire lasted until March 18, when [Israel launched attacks on Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_Israeli_attacks_on_the_Gaza_Strip "March 2025 Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip").[\[439\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-breaking_ceasefire-441) Trump's special envoy [Steve Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Witkoff "Steve Witkoff") blamed Hamas for renewed fighting in Gaza.[\[440\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-442)
On May 16, while in [Abu Dhabi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi "Abu Dhabi"), United Arab Emirates, Trump said, "We're looking at Gaza. And we're going to get that taken care of. A lot of people are starving." This is an area of tension between President Trump and [Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu "Benjamin Netanyahu"). Israel claims that [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas") systemically raids food aid in order to support its operations, and Israel has put forward a plan of food distributed through a system of hubs run by private contractors and protected by Israeli soldiers. The U.S.-backed [Gaza Humanitarian Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Humanitarian_Foundation "Gaza Humanitarian Foundation") has been set up to carry out this plan and announced it would be ready to begin operations by the end of May.[\[441\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Guardian,_Trump_acknowledges_starvation_in_Gaza,_May_16,_2025-443)[\[442\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Trump_says-444)
On July 28, while in [Scotland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland "Scotland"), President Trump said he believed there was [starvation occurring in Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine "Gaza Strip famine"). He further added, "Nobody's done anything great over there. The whole place is a mess... I told Israel maybe they have to do it a different way." Israeli Prime Minister said, "And what has interdicted the supply of humanitarian aid is one force, Hamas. Again, the reversal of truth."[\[443\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_'real_starvation,'_Trump_says,_July_28,_2025-445)[\[444\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Guardian,_does_not_endorse_Netanyahu's_claim_there_is_no_starvation,_July_28,_2025-446)
Asked about an Israeli [double-strike on a hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nasser_Hospital_strikes "2025 Nasser Hospital strikes") on August 25, 2025, Trump said he was "not happy about it," adding, "We have to end this whole nightmare."[\[445\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Israel_faces_new_pressure_over_hospital_strikes,_August_27,_2025-447)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_President_Donald_Trump_speaks_at_the_2025_Sharm_El-Sheikh_Peace_Summit_02.jpg)
Trump at the [Gaza peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_peace_summit "2025 Gaza peace summit") in [Sharm El Sheikh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh "Sharm El Sheikh"), Egypt, on October 13, 2025
On September 29, 2025, President Trump announced, alongside Prime Minister Netanyahu, a [20-Point Gaza Peace Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan "Gaza peace plan") from the White House which consisted of 20 specific points aimed at achieving a ceasefire, the return of [Israeli hostages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis "Gaza war hostage crisis"), dismantling [Hamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas "Hamas")'s military capabilities, and establishing a transitional governance structure in the [Gaza Strip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip "Gaza Strip").[\[446\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-448)
In October 2025, President Trump announced his deal for a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas had been reached and that the remaining hostages would be released.[\[447\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-449) In exchange, Israel will release 250 Palestinian prisoners serving longterm sentences and another 1,700 other prisoners. The Israeli military will withdraw from a "blue line" to a "yellow line" further away from the Gaza coast.[\[448\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Israel-Hamas_ceasefire,_Oct_9,_2025-450) Trump was widely praised for negotiating this settlement, including by former presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama and former Secretary of State and 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.[\[449\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-451)[\[450\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-452)
On October 23, 2025, the [Knesset](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset "Knesset") passed a bill that would apply [Israeli sovereignty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank "Proposed Israeli annexation of the West Bank") to all West Bank settlements. The bill was condemned by Vice President [JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") as a "very stupid political stunt" and by Secretary of State [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") as "counterproductive" to Trump's Gaza peace plan. Trump added that "Israel would lose all of its support from the United States if that happened."[\[451\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-453)
Qatar
In September 2025, following an Israeli strike against suspected Hamas terrorists in Qatar's capital city of Doha, President Trump signed an executive order which stated, "The United States shall regard any armed attack on the territory, sovereignty, or critical infrastructure of the State of Qatar as a threat to the peace and security of the United States."[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025-454) President Biden had begun a closer relationship with Qatar following their help with the 2001 American withdrawal from Afghanistan. In January 2022, Biden named Qatar a "major non-NATO ally," although this was largely a symbolic honor.[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025-455)
The editorial board of *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")* wrote, "This is a decision that can be and should have been debated. Instead it comes out of the blue â an executive order following no public debate."[\[453\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025-455)
In October, Defense Secretary Hegseth announced a training agreement that the Qatar Air Force will build a facility at the Mountain Home Air Force Base in Idaho. The United States has a similar arrangement with Singapore, at the same base. Hegseth emphasized that the U.S. will remain in charge of the facility "like we do with all partners."[\[452\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025-454)
Syria
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_with_Saudi_Crown_Prince_Mohammed_Bin_Salman_and_President_of_Syria_Ahmed_al-Sharaa_\(2025\).jpg)
Trump with Syrian president [Ahmed al-Sharaa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa "Ahmed al-Sharaa") and Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") in [Riyadh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh "Riyadh"), Saudi Arabia, May 14, 2025
During the [2024 Syrian opposition offensives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives "2024 Syrian opposition offensives") that [toppled the Assad regime](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime "Fall of the Assad regime") in Syria, Trump said that the U.S. should stay out of the conflict.[\[454\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-456) In March 2025, Rubio condemned the [massacres of Syrian Alawites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Alawites "2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites").[\[455\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-457) Trump agreed to lift sanctions on Syria after discussing the situation with [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") and [ErdoÄan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan "Recep Tayyip ErdoÄan").[\[456\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ghinwa_Obeid-458)[\[457\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Gram_Slattery_et_al.-459)
Indian subcontinent
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250213MR-1471.jpg)
Trump with Indian prime minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi"), February 2025
[India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") rejected Trump's offer to mediate [IndiaâChina tensions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93India_relations "ChinaâIndia relations").[\[458\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-460) On February 13, 2025, Indian prime minister [Narendra Modi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi "Narendra Modi") became the fourth world leader to visit Donald Trump at the White House.[\[459\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-461)
In early 2025, deportations to Bhutan of Nepali-speaking [Bhutanese refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanese_refugees "Bhutanese refugees") who had been settled in the US for nearly two decades resulted in statelessness of the deportees following their interrogation and expulsion from Bhutan upon arrival. Some of the [refouled refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-refoulement "Non-refoulement"), who had encountered largely minor legal issues in the US, were then arrested for illegal entry to Nepal upon seeking to re-enter the refugee camps they had previously inhabited before US resettlement.[\[460\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-462)[\[461\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-463)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250925DT-0757_President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_Prime_Minister_Shehbaz_Sharif_and_Field_Marshal_Asim_Munir_of_Pakistan.jpg)
Trump with Pakistani prime minister [Shehbaz Sharif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif "Shehbaz Sharif") (left) and Pakistani chief of Army staff [Asim Munir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asim_Munir "Asim Munir") (right)
In response to the [2025 IndiaâPakistan conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_strikes "2025 IndiaâPakistan strikes"), Vice President Vance said that, a potential war between India and Pakistan is "none of our business."[\[462\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-464) Trump claimed to have negotiated a ceasefire, a claim that Pakistan corroborated and India denied.[\[463\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-465)[\[464\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-466)[\[465\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-467)
In July 2025, Trump criticized India over its continued oil trade with Russia, despite ongoing Western sanctions.[\[466\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:12-468) On July 30, 2025, Trump announced that Indian products would be subject to 25% reciprocal [tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Tariffs in the second Trump administration") upon arrival in the United States starting August 1, and that a "penalty" would be added for the purchase of Russian oil.[\[467\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-469) On August 6, 2025, Trump raised the tariff to 50%, a 25% increase, over India's purchase of Russian oil.[\[468\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-470)
In July 2025, Trump's administration reached a [trade agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93United_States_trade_deal "PakistanâUnited States trade deal") with Pakistan, in which Trump announced that the United States would help Pakistan develop its large and untapped [oil reserves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves "Oil reserves").[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:5-471) The agreement also reduced American reciprocal tariffs on Pakistan to 19%, the lowest of any country in [South Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asia "South Asia").[\[469\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:5-471)
Caucasus
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250808DT-1377_President_Donald_Trump_signs_a_trilateral_joint_declaration_with_President_Ilham_Aliyev_of_Azerbaijan_and_Prime_Minister_Nikol_Pashinyan_of_Armenia.jpg)
Azerbaijani president [Ilham Aliyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev "Ilham Aliyev"), President Trump and Armenian prime minister [Nikol Pashinyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan "Nikol Pashinyan") signing a trilateral joint declaration in Washington, D.C., on August 8, 2025
On August 8, 2025, Armenian prime minister [Nikol Pashinyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan "Nikol Pashinyan") and Azerbaijani president [Ilham Aliyev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev "Ilham Aliyev") signed a [peace agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_peace_agreement "ArmeniaâAzerbaijan peace agreement") in a ceremony hosted by President Donald Trump in the White House,[\[470\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-472) aiming to end the more than [35-year conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict") between Armenia and Azerbaijan.[\[471\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-473)
Southeast Asia
In 2025, Trump attempted to negotiate a ceasefire in the [border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_border_conflict "2025 CambodiaâThailand border conflict").[\[472\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-474)[\[473\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-475)
China
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_greets_Chinese_President_Xi_Jinping_before_a_bilateral_meeting_at_the_Gimhae_International_Airport_terminal_\(54890669668\).jpg)
Trump meets with [Chinese leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_leader "Paramount leader") [Xi Jinping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping "Xi Jinping") at the [APEC summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2025 "APEC South Korea 2025") in [Busan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan "Busan") on October 30, 2025
In February 2025, Trump signed an executive order that directed the [Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_on_Foreign_Investment_in_the_United_States "Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States") (CFIUS) to restrict Chinese investment in strategic economic areas.[\[474\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-476)
Trump blamed China for the [opioid crisis in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States "Opioid epidemic in the United States").[\[475\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-477) He said the tariffs are intended to pressure China to do more to stop the flow of [fentanyl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl "Fentanyl") into the US.[\[476\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-478) [Opioids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid "Opioid"), predominantly fentanyl, have killed over 500,000 Americans since 2012.[\[477\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-479)
In September 2025, Trump asked the EU to impose 100% tariffs on China to punish it for [buying Russian oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "China and the Russian invasion of Ukraine") and de facto financing Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[\[478\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-480)[\[479\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-481)
Oceania
Australia
On October 21, 2025, partly as a consequence of the [ChinaâU.S. trade war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war "ChinaâUnited States trade war") that included China imposing restrictions on its sale of processed [rare-earth elements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare-earth_element "Rare-earth element"), Trump signed a deal with [Anthony Albanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese "Anthony Albanese"), Prime Minister of Australia,[\[480\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-sherman2025-482) over rare-earths and other [critical minerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_minerals "Critical minerals")[\[c\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-484) that are needed for commercial [clean energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_energy "Clean energy") production and technologically advanced [military hardware](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_hardware "Military hardware"). They each committed to provide at least US\$1bn (A\$1.54bn) towards a number of projects worth \$US8.5bn (A\$13bn) in both countries over six months.[\[482\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-barrett-485)[\[483\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-govtannounce-486) The deal has been well received by the [Australian rare-earths industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_rare-earths_industry "Australian rare-earths industry")[\[484\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-li2025-487)[\[485\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-wood2025-488) and the markets,[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-capolingua-489) and is important to the U.S. because rare earths are used in many technologies, including components of the Defense Force such as [F-35](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35 "F-35") fighter jets and [Tomahawk missiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomahawk_missile "Tomahawk missile").[\[487\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-490) The deal is also seen as a major shift in economic alliances.[\[486\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-capolingua-489)
Foreign aid
Freezing most programs for 90 days
DOGE dismantled most of [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID"),[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:10-491) which had been a 10,000-person agency originally tasked to carry-out humanitarian projects.[\[489\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-492) USAID's critics maintained that many of the projects were in fact not all that humanitarian and/or much of the money was not well spent.[\[490\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-493)
In January 2025, the administration issued a 90-day stop-work order worldwide,[\[491\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_State_Department_freezes_new_funding,_January_24,_2025-494)[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) Stop work interrupted about 30 [clinical trials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial "Clinical trial"),[\[493\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-496) and interrupted projects such as emergency medical care for displaced Palestinians and Yemenis, aid for war refugees on the Sudan-Chad border, and electricity for Ukrainian refugees.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) The HIV Modeling Consortium estimated the death toll from HIV in sub-Saharan Africa at approximately 15,000 adults and 1,600 children in the one month after Trump's January 2025 funding freeze.[\[494\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-497)[\[495\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-498) A key controversy is whether or not waivers are being made and money actually starting to flow again for the most essential programs.[\[492\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica-Jan-495) For example, the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") reported on February 19, that waivers for [PEPFAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPFAR "PEPFAR"), the program that has saved 26 million lives from [AIDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS "AIDS"), were not in force, despite a federal judge having lifted the funding freeze.[\[496\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-499)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Army_and_Air_Force_in_Europe_join_USAID_to_provide_support_to_Lebanon_\(6303783\).jpg)
U.S. Army and Air Force service members assist USAID with the transportation of nearly 12,000 pounds of medical kits from the Netherlands, through Germany and on to Lebanon in August 2020.
In early February 2025, it was reported that the [USAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAID "USAID") director of security and a deputy were put on administrative leave after they "blocked efforts by DOGE members to physically access restricted areas" in order to obtain sensitive information. The DOGE members eventually gained access to the information, which reportedly included email as well as classified information for which they did not have security clearance. And they obtained the ability to lock USAID staff out. Musk had earlier tweeted "USAID is a criminal organization" and that it is "Time for it to die."[\[497\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-500) Estimates do vary. [Oxfam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxfam "Oxfam") criticized Musk's policies and actions as the world's richest individual deciding "to shutter the world's largest provider of lifesaving humanitarian aid."[\[498\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-501)
USAID staff were instructed to keep away from USAID headquarters while hundreds of USAID staff lost access to USAID computer systems.[\[488\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:10-491)
There have been reports that China has offered to take over development projects if the United States permanently leaves.[\[499\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Trump_says_dismantling,_Feb_7,_2025-502)[\[500\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Politico,_As_USAID,_Feb_10,_2025-503)[\[501\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC_News,_Cambodian_mine-clearing,_Feb_14,_2025-504)
During a February 6 press conference, [Secretary of State Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") stated, "If it's providing food or medicine or anything that is saving lives and is immediate and urgent, you're not included in the freeze."[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025-505) However, a February 8 CNN article reported that many waivers were not being acted upon because of staff placed on leave, plus payment systems had been taken over.[\[502\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_State_Department_says_humanitarian,_February_8,_2025-505) In an interview before the [February 9 Super Bowl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Bowl_LIX "Super Bowl LIX"), Trump said, "Let him take care of the few good ones", referring to Rubio.[\[503\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_News,_Unspent_aid_worth_billions,_Feb_11,_2035-506)[\[504\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-507)
On February 13, federal judge [Amir Ali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Ali_\(judge\) "Amir Ali (judge)") ordered the Trump administration to continue contracts and grants which were in effect January 19.[\[505\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Judge_orders_Trump_administration_to_temporarily_restore_funding,_Feb_13,_2025-508) Chief Justice John Roberts, overseeing cases for the District of Columbia, paused this order.[\[506\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Chief_Justice_halts,_Feb_27,_2025-509)[\[507\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Foreign_aid_groups_ask,_Feb_28,_2025-510) On March 5, the Supreme Court ruled 5â4 that the Trump administration must comply with Judge Ali's order.[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025-511)[\[509\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-512) However, the Supreme Court stated that Judge Ali must clarify the payment obligations with "due regard for the feasibility of any compliance timelines".[\[508\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Supreme_Court_won't_lift_lower_court_order,_March_5,_2025-511) On March 10, Judge Ali ruled that the Trump administration must pay for completed projects at the rate of 300 back payments a day, meaning four days for all 1,200 back payments, and this being for projects completed by February 13.[\[510\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Axios,_Judge_holds_Congress_has_power,_March_11,_2025-513)[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025-514) A March 11 [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") article reported that, until recently, no payments were being made because DOGE had disabled the payment system.[\[511\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_&_Associated_Press,_Trump_overstepped,_March_11,_2025-514)
Keeping 17% of programs
On March 10, Secretary of State [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") announced that he was cancelling 83% of USAID programs, or approximately 5,200 out of 6,200 programs. The remaining 1,000 programs (approximately) would be moved to the Department of State.[\[512\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-515)[\[513\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Secretary_of_state_says_83%25,_March_10,_2025-516) As of late March, DOGE no longer lists the details of canceled USAID contracts on its "Wall of Receipts".[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025-517)
DOGE lists approximately \$12 billion saved, although a former USAID analyst estimates the actual amount is closer to \$6 or \$7 billion.[\[514\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025-517)
In early April, USAID announced it was adding back 14 nations to grants under the UN's [World Food Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme "World Food Programme"). These nations include Lebanon, Syria, Somalia, Jordan, Iraq and Ecuador, plus the [International Organization for Migration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration "International Organization for Migration") in the Pacific region.[\[515\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Reuters,_Trump_administration_moves,_April_8,_2025-518) However, food aid was not restored to either Yemen or Afghanistan, with a State Department spokesperson saying this was "based on concern that the funding was benefiting terrorist groups, including the Houthis and the Taliban".[\[516\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_USAID_reverses_course,_April_9,_2025-519)
July 2025 rescissions ("claw backs"), but not for PEPFAR
In June 2025, the White House requested that Congress pass a package of [rescissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescission_bill "Rescission bill"), or "claw backs", of approximately \$8 billion in foreign aid and \$1 billion for the [Corporation for Public Broadcasting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting "Corporation for Public Broadcasting") including [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR") and [PBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS "PBS").[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025-520)
The House of Representatives passed the cuts as requested. The Senate excluded the [PEPFAR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEPFAR "PEPFAR") cuts, which is the program started in 2003 during the [presidency of George W Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush "Presidency of George W. Bush") to help provide HIV medicines to lower-income countries. The Senate passed two preliminary votes in close 51-50 fashion with [Vice President JD Vance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD_Vance "JD Vance") casting the tie-breaking votes. A rescission is one of the exceptions to the Senate's 60-vote [filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate "Filibuster in the United States Senate") rule.[\[517\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025-520)
President Trump focused on the public broadcasting aspect, criticizing CNN and also "MSDNC" which is a mix of [MSNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSNBC "MSNBC") and [DNC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee "Democratic National Committee") (Democratic National Committee). In a [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social") post, he wrote, "It is very important that all Republicans adhere to my Recissions Bill and, in particular, DEFUND THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING (PBS and NPR), which is worse than CNN & MSDNC put together."[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025-521)
In a late night session at 2:00 AM on July 17, the Senate voted 51â48 in favor of the cuts. Later that same day, the House of Representatives voted 216 - 213 for the Senate version, meaning PEPFAR was protected in the amount of \$400 million.[\[518\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025-521) Regarding the cuts to public broadcasting, service to rural areas became one of the political issues.[\[519\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NBC,_Trump's_cuts_clear_Congress,_July_17,_2025-522)
Disaster response
Myanmar earthquake, March 2025
President Trump stated the United States would help in response to the [March 28 earthquake in Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Myanmar_earthquake "2025 Myanmar earthquake"), although the question was asked by a former USAID executive of whether or not the United States will beat other countries in getting there with a relief team(s).[\[520\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-523)
Hurricane Melissa, October 2025
[Hurricane Melissa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Melissa "Hurricane Melissa") was a [Category 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale "SaffirâSimpson scale") [hurricane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane "Hurricane") which first made landfall at [Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica "Jamaica") on October 28, 2025, and then hit other [Caribbean islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean "Caribbean"). [Secretary of State Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") activated a disaster assistance response team. By October 31, three U.S. [CH-47 Chinook helicopters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook "Boeing CH-47 Chinook") were deployed to Jamaica to help with relief efforts, with five more on the way.[\[521\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-524) In early November, the State Department promised \$12 million in aid to Jamaica, \$8 to [Haiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti "Haiti"), \$3 million to [Cuba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba "Cuba"), and 1/2 million to [The Bahamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bahamas "The Bahamas").[\[522\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-525)
Refugees
On January 20, 2025, Trump signed the executive order named "Securing Our Borders". Due to this order, [the Uniting for Ukraine parole program](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parole_\(United_States_immigration\)#Uniting_for_Ukraine "Parole (United States immigration)") is suspended and no new applications from [Ukrainian refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis "Ukrainian refugee crisis") with relatives in the United States are being accepted.[\[523\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-526)[\[524\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-527)
On May 12, 59 [white South African refugees arrived](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_South_African_refugee_program "White South African refugee program") from South Africa. The Trump administration has been criticized for fast-tracking their applications while pausing other refugee programs.[\[525\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_First_group_of_49_white_South_Africans,_May_11,_2025-528)
The Trump administration slowed the entry of [Afghan refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan_refugees "Afghan refugees") into the U.S., including persons who had fought on the U.S. side against the Taliban. A leader of an American veterans group said, "these pilots risked everything for America. Their lives are now on the line because of our failure to follow through on our promises."[\[526\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN_News,_Afghan_pilots_who_fought_in_20-year_war_against_Taliban_in_limbo,_March_28,_2025-529)
On May 12, [Department of Homeland Security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security "United States Department of Homeland Security") [Secretary Noem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem "Kristi Noem") announced that [TPS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_protected_status "Temporary protected status"), or [temporary protected status](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_Protected_Status "Temporary Protected Status"), for Afghan refugees would be ended in 60 days, which is the shortest time period permitted by United States law. This decision cited improved conditions in Afghanistan.[\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025-530)
*[The Hill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)")* reports that the [UN high commissioner for refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") has stated that the situation in Afghanistan has not improved, with a report stating "The large-scale returns are putting even greater pressure on already stretched humanitarian resources." On the other hand, Secretary Noem has pointed to an increase in tourists from China and a drop in the number of Afghans needing assistance from 29 million to 24 million. [\[527\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025-530)
[Fox News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News "Fox News") reported that the leader of "Afghans for Trump", which formed in the aftermath of President Biden's chaotic 2021 withdrawal from Afghanistan, claimed that conditions have not significantly improved and urged President Trump to reconsider.[\[528\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Fox_News,_'Afghans_for_Trump'_group_feels_abandoned,_May_16,_2025-531)
Expansionism and revanchism
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OTAN_Summit_2025_-_June_25,_2025_\(54611827592\).jpg)
Trump with NATO general secretary [Mark Rutte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte "Mark Rutte") at the [2025 The Hague NATO summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_The_Hague_NATO_summit "2025 The Hague NATO summit")
In the lead-up to his second inauguration, Trump proposed plans and ideas that would expand the United States' political influence and territory.[\[529\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-532) It has been characterized as a revival of the [Monroe Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine "Monroe Doctrine").[\[530\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-533) The [last territory acquired by the United States was in 1947](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_territorial_acquisitions_table "United States territorial acquisitions table") when the [Mariana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Islands "Mariana Islands"), [Caroline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Islands "Caroline Islands"), and [Marshall Islands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Islands "Marshall Islands") were acquired.
Canada
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250616DT-0088_President_Donald_Trump_attends_the_G7_Summit_in_Canada.jpg)
Trump with Canadian prime minister [Mark Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney "Mark Carney"), June 2025
The Trump administration has imposed 25% tariffs on Canadian goods imports that do not fall under [CanadaâUnited StatesâMexico Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States%E2%80%93Mexico_Agreement "CanadaâUnited StatesâMexico Agreement"), with exceptions for steel, aluminum, and Canadian-made passenger vehicle content.[\[531\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-534) Canadian officials responded with retaliatory 25% tariffs,[\[532\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-535)[\[533\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-536) and have even proposed cutting off the supply of Canadian energy into the [Northern United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_United_States "Northern United States").[\[534\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-537) [Manitoba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba "Manitoba") has diverted energy to Canada that it previously supplied to the USA.[\[535\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-538) [Peter Navarro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Navarro "Peter Navarro"), a trade envoy and high-ranking Trump official, has suggested expelling Canada from the [Five Eyes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Eyes "Five Eyes") intelligence alliance to increase pressure in the trade war.[\[536\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-p983-539)
Trump has repeatedly stated his desire for the United States to annex Canada and calling for it to become the 51st state,[\[537\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-d293-540) calling former Canadian prime minister [Justin Trudeau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau "Justin Trudeau") "Governor of the Great State of Canada".[\[538\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-541) Trudeau stated to business leaders in Canada that he believes the annexation threats are a "real thing".[\[539\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-s944-542) The strained relations have led to a "Buy Canadian" movement to boycott American goods and services,[\[540\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-u378-543) and booing the American national anthem during international hockey games.[\[541\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-t749-544) When tariffs were implemented on March 4, Trudeau stated that Trump's goal in the trade war was to weaken Canada in order to annex it.[\[542\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-g713-545)
On February 8, 2026, Trump threatened to block the opening of the [Gordie Howe International Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordie_Howe_International_Bridge "Gordie Howe International Bridge"), citing Canada's recent trade developments with China and the alleged one-sided nature of the contract (wherein Canada gains all revenue from bridge tolls to pay back construction costs). Trump said the bridge's opening will be delayed until multiple trade and bridge related grievances were resolved. Trump's announcement was criticised by politicians, business leaders and industry groups.[\[543\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-546)[\[544\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-547)[\[545\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-548)
On February 12, 2026, the United States House of Representatives voted to repeal the tariffs that had been imposed on Canadian goods during Donald Trump's administration. The resolution passed by a 219â211 vote, with a small number of Republican lawmakers joining nearly all Democrats in support. The tariffs had originally been enacted under a national emergency declaration in February 2025, and their repeal represented a rare bipartisan rebuke of Trump's trade policy. Following the vote, President Trump reportedly threatened political consequences for Republicans who voted against the measure. While passage in the House reflects congressional concern over the tariffs, actual repeal would still require Senate approval and presidential assent, and was expected to face a potential veto.[\[546\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-549)[\[547\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-550)[\[548\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-551)
Greenland
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jens-Frederik_Nielsen_%26_Mette_Frederiksen_by_Christian_Ursilva_\(3\).jpg)
Greenlandic leader [Jens Frederik-Nielsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens-Frederik_Nielsen "Jens-Frederik Nielsen") announcing "We choose Denmark" at a January 2026 press conference with [Mette Frederiksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen "Mette Frederiksen") in response to [Trump's threats to invade or annex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenland_crisis "Greenland crisis") the country[\[549\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-552)[\[550\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-553)
In December 2024, Trump stated a further [proposal for the United States to purchase Greenland from Denmark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_the_United_States_to_purchase_Greenland "Proposals for the United States to purchase Greenland"), describing "ownership" and control of the island as "an absolute necessity" for national security purposes. This builds upon a prior offer from Trump to buy Greenland during his first term, which the [Danish Realm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Realm "Danish Realm") refused, causing him to cancel his August 2019 visit to Denmark.[\[551\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-554)\[*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")*\] On January 7, 2025, Trump's son [Donald Trump Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr. "Donald Trump Jr.") visited Greenland's capital city [Nuuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuuk "Nuuk") alongside [Charlie Kirk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kirk "Charlie Kirk") to hand out [MAGA hats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_hat "MAGA hat").[\[552\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-555) At a press conference the following day, Trump refused to rule out military or economic force to take over Greenland or the Panama Canal.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Davies-2025-556) However, he did rule out military force in taking over Canada.[\[553\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Davies-2025-556) On January 14, the Trump-affiliated [Nelk Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelk "Nelk") also visited Nuuk, handing out [dollar bills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Note "Federal Reserve Note") to locals.[\[554\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-557) On January 16, the CEOs of major Danish companies Novo Nordisk, [Vestas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestas "Vestas") and [Carlsberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlsberg_Group "Carlsberg Group") among others were assembled for a crisis meeting in the [Ministry of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_State_\(Denmark\) "Ministry of State (Denmark)") to discuss the situation.[\[555\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-558)[\[556\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-559)
On the subsequent day, former chief executive [Friis Arne Petersen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friis_Arne_Petersen "Friis Arne Petersen") in the Danish [Ministry of Foreign Affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_\(Denmark\) "Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark)") described the situation as "historically unheard of", while [Noa Redington](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noa_Redington "Noa Redington"), special adviser to former prime minister [Helle Thorning-Schmidt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt "Helle Thorning-Schmidt"), compared the international pressure on Denmark that during the 2005 [*Jyllands-Posten* Muhammad cartoons controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy "Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy").[\[557\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-560) On February 12, 2025, a bill was introduced in Congress to advance efforts to acquire Greenland and rename it Red, White, and Blueland.[\[558\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-561) Trump's actions against Greenland have been described as [hybrid warfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_warfare "Hybrid warfare") by academics and analysts.[\[559\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-dab-562) Prime Minister [Mette Frederiksen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen "Mette Frederiksen") said that "the Kingdom of Denmarkâand thus Greenlandâis a member of NATO and is therefore covered by the Alliance's [collective security guarantee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty#Article_5 "North Atlantic Treaty") ... I ... strongly urge the United States to cease its threats against a historically close ally."[\[560\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-mefr-563) The official Danish threat assessment published by the [Danish Defence Intelligence Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_Defence_Intelligence_Service "Danish Defence Intelligence Service") in 2025 for the first time mentioned the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States") as a threat to [national security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security "National security"), alongside [Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia "Russia") and [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China").[\[561\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-politico-564)[\[562\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-565)[\[563\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-566) In 2026 Greenland and Denmark saw massive [anti-Trump protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Trump_protests "Anti-Trump protests"), the [Hands off Greenland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_off_Greenland "Hands off Greenland") protests, where protesters chanted "Greenland is not for sale".[\[564\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-567)[\[565\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-568)[\[566\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-569)
Panama Canal
In 2024, Trump demanded that [Panama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama "Panama") return control of the [Panama Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal "Panama Canal") to the United States due to 'excessive rates' being charged for American passage.[\[567\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-570) The United States previously was in control of the [Panama Canal Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal_Zone "Panama Canal Zone") from [1903](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay%E2%80%93Bunau-Varilla_Treaty "HayâBunau-Varilla Treaty") until [1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrijos%E2%80%93Carter_Treaties "TorrijosâCarter Treaties"), and has [invaded Panama before in 1989](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama "United States invasion of Panama").[\[568\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-571)[\[569\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-572) Trump told Congress in March 2025 that his administration "will be reclaiming the Panama Canal".[\[570\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-573) Also that month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth instructed the Trump administration to "immediately" present "credible military options to ensure fair and unfettered US military and commercial access to the Panama Canal".[\[571\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-574)
United Nations
On July 22, 2025, the United States informed of its decision to withdraw from [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO"), effective December 31, 2026.[\[572\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-575)[\[573\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-us_withdrawal-576)[\[574\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-577)
In a presidential memorandum issued on January 7, 2026, Donald Trump directed to start the process of withdrawal of the US from the 66 organizations, agencies and commissions of the [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations"), including [UN Framework Convention on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change "UN Framework Convention on Climate Change") (UNFCCC), calling them "contrary to the interests of the United States".[\[575\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WH-578)[\[576\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-579)
World Health Organization
On January 22, 2026, President Donald Trump completed the withdrawal of the United States from the [World Health Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization "World Health Organization") (WHO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, a year after he signed [Executive Order 14155](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14155 "Executive Order 14155") on January 20, 2025. As announced by the [Department of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services "United States Department of Health and Human Services"), the United States officially exited the organization, ending its 78-year membership and halting all U.S. funding and participation in the WHO's governance and activities.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HHS-580) Although the organization hoped for a reconsideration the day after Trump's executive order,[\[578\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-581) the administration continued with the decision.
The administration justified the withdrawal by citing concerns about the WHO's handling of global health emergencies, including the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), its resistance to reforms, and its failure to operate independently from inappropriate political influence of other WHO member states.[\[577\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-HHS-580) In a joint statement by [Secretary of State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_state_\(U.S._state_government\) "Secretary of state (U.S. state government)") [Marco Rubio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio "Marco Rubio") and [Secretary of Health and Human Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services "Secretary of Health and Human Services") [Robert F. Kennedy Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Jr. "Robert F. Kennedy Jr."), they said that the WHO "tarnished and trashed everything that America has done for it" and it "abandoned its core mission and acted repeatedly against the interests of the United States," including the failure to "hand over the American flag that hung in front of it."[\[579\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-582)
The United States still owes outstanding dues to the WHO from 2024 to 2025, raising questions about the legality and financial implications of the exit.[\[580\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-583) Being one of the biggest donors to the WHO, the country's unpaid fees of estimated \$260 million has already caused massive job losses at the organization. However, as a response, Washington said they saw no reason to comply.[\[581\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-584)
Ronald G. Nahass, president of the [Infectious Diseases Society of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_Diseases_Society_of_America "Infectious Diseases Society of America") (IDSA), criticized the withdrawal, calling it "a shortsighted and misguided abandonment of our global health commitments" and "scientifically reckless." He emphasized that "It fails to acknowledge the fundamental natural history of infectious diseases" and that "Global cooperation and communication are critical to keep our own citizens protected because germs do not respect borders," adding that global cooperation is "not a luxury" but a "biological necessity."[\[582\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-585)
Ethics
Trump's second presidency was described by political commentators as having fewer prohibitions on business activity and guardrails against potential conflicts of interest than his first, and for having more opportunities to directly influence Trump.[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-586)[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-587) Trump repealed and rolled back anti-corruption measures and ethical standards for himself and his allies, dropped corruption charges against political figures with ties to him, and fired inspectors generals investigating fraud and abuse. *The New York Times* described Trump as making up statistics "out of thin air", and for accusing government agencies and "anyone he disfavors of corruption and even criminality without proof".[\[585\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-588) His second presidency was described as breaking with decades of ethical norms,[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_02172025-589) and raising substantial [corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption "Corruption") concerns.[\[587\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05122025-590)[\[588\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-591) Congressional Republicans largely downplayed or ignored the concerns.[\[589\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-592)[\[586\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_02172025-589)
Federal judges found many of the administration's actions to be illegal and unconstitutional,[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Savage_05232025-12)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Sneed_01232025-13)[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lucas_05022025-14) and by mid-July, a *[Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post "Washington Post")* analysis found he defied judges and the courts in roughly one third of all cases against him, actions which were described by legal experts as unprecedented for any presidential administration.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Jouvenal_07212025-15) His defiance of court orders and a claimed right to disobey the courts raised fears among legal experts of a [constitutional crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_crisis "Constitutional crisis").[\[590\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-593) By August 2025, several grant terminations and spending freezes were found by judges and the [Government Accountability Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office "Government Accountability Office") as being illegal and unconstitutional.[\[591\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-594)[\[592\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-595)
Pardons and commutations
As of November 2025 Trump has issued nearly two thousand pardons and commutations[\[593\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-596) including for some prosecuted during his first presidency.[\[594\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-597) Trump's pardons and grants of clemency favored political allies and loyalists.[\[595\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-598)[\[596\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Thrush_May292025-599) Lobbyists have told the Wall Street Journal and other news outlets that fees of \$1M are standard. Some would-be pardon recipients have offered success fees of \$6M for a successful application.[\[597\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-600)[\[598\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-601)[\[599\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-602)
Trump frequently bypassed the [Office of the Pardon Attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_the_Pardon_Attorney "Office of the Pardon Attorney"), and on March 7, 2025, fired its leader, Department of Justice career attorney Liz Oyer, and installed political loyalist [Ed Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Martin_\(Missouri_politician\) "Ed Martin (Missouri politician)") in the role.[\[600\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-603)[\[601\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-604) Ed Martin described the rationale for granting pardons as "No MAGA left behind".[\[602\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-605) In April 2025, Oyer testified to the Senate and accused the Justice Department of "ongoing corruption" and that "the leadership of the Department of Justice appears to value political loyalty above the fair and responsible administration of justice".[\[603\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-606) In 2025, Trump pardoned 42 people charged with white-collar crimes. As of late January 2026, he had pardoned an additional 10 white collar criminals.[\[604\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-607)
"Pay-for-access" and MAGA Inc.
Trump maintained what *The New York Times* described as a "pay-for-access" operation, with millions being raised for his pro-Trump PAC, [Make America Great Again Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again_Inc. "Make America Great Again Inc."), which had collected \$177 million in the first half of 2025, twice as much than was raised by the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee") and unusually large for term-limited presidents. Millions were raised from individuals, lobbyists, corporations, and donors to it and other Trump-friendly outlets. Those that gave were granted access to the president and shortly afterward several received presidential pardons, favorable regulatory and policy actions, or appointments for government positions.[\[605\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-608)
Examples of criticism included but were not limited to the Trump administration lifting a ban on [Central Romana Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Romana_Corporation "Central Romana Corporation") shipping sugar to the United States following allegations of forced labor at the company. According to [OpenSecrets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSecrets "OpenSecrets"), [Fanjul Corp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjul_Corp "Fanjul Corp"), which owns Central Romana, had given \$1 million to MAGA Inc.[\[606\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-609)[\[607\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-610) Another action criticized was the [pardon of Paul Walczak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_in_the_second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "List of people granted executive clemency in the second presidency of Donald Trump") following his mother's attendance at a \$1 million per person fund raising "candlelight dinner" sponsored by MAGA Inc. Walczak was alleged by prosecutors to have withheld over \$10 million from paychecks of staff at a nursing home for [trust fund taxes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trust-fund_tax "Trust-fund tax") instead using the money to buy a \$2 million yacht among other expenses. Walczak was supposed to pay \$4.3 million in [restitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restitution "Restitution") prior to his pardon.[\[608\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-611)[\[609\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-612) The Trump administration was also criticized for delaying a rule change which would restrict coverage of skin substitutes under Medicare after Extremity Care "a leading seller of skin substitutes" gave \$5 million to MAGA Inc.[\[610\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-613)[\[611\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-614)
Conflicts of interest
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_state_visit_to_Saudi_Arabia,_2025-05-13_P20250513DT-0498.jpg)
Trump with Elon Musk and Saudi crown prince [Mohammed bin Salman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman "Mohammed bin Salman") during Trump's [visit to the Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2025_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_the_Middle_East "May 2025 visit by Donald Trump to the Middle East") in May 2025
Trump's second presidency included multiple potential conflicts of interest that did not exist during his first term in office, including a publicly traded company in [Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social"), [a cryptocurrency venture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial"), new overseas real estate deals involving state-affiliated entities, and several branding and licensing deals selling Trump-branded merchandise.[\[583\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Yourish_2025-586) His [2024 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign") was noted for an "unprecedented" mixing of personal business and political fundraising.[\[614\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-617) Trump promoted \$59.99 [bibles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Bless_the_U.S.A._Bible "God Bless the U.S.A. Bible"), \$399 [sneakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never_Surrender_High-Top "Never Surrender High-Top"), \$99 "Victory47" cologne, and \$99 Trump-branded [NFT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-fungible_tokens "Non-fungible tokens") digital trading cards for his personal, non-campaign accounts.[\[615\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-618)[\[616\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-619) Trump's campaign was noted for spending large sums of campaign money at Trump-owned businesses, in particular his [Mar-a-Lago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar-a-Lago "Mar-a-Lago") resort and the [Trump National Doral Miami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami").[\[617\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-620)
After winning the election, Trump mirrored his first term's ethics commitments and did not divest from his interests in branding and real estate. He also did not place his assets in a trust managed by an independent trustee.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621) Trump did not adopt his own formal ethics guidelines.[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_212025-622) Trump transferred his shares of Truth Social into a trust in which he is the sole beneficiary, of which his oldest son is the trustee. Ethics experts described it as falling "well short of the blind trusts and divestitures from private business interests that other presidents have used to avoid ethical conflicts with their job". Trump's son, [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump"), said the [Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Organization "Trump Organization") would continue to pursue business deals overseas, dropping a self-imposed prohibition during Trump's first presidency.[\[584\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_2025-587) Trump profited from holding events at his hotels and golf courses.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621)[\[620\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-623) Trump's conflicts of interest were described as having national-security risks, with particular emphasis placed on relationships with the Saudi and Emirati governments through the Trump Organization and his son-in-law [Jared Kushner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jared_Kushner "Jared Kushner")'s investment fund backed by the Saudis.[\[621\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-624) Trump noted that conflict of interest laws did not apply to him and that he was protected by broad immunity for his official actions as president.[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-625)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_White_House_-_54380002927.jpg)
On March 11, 2025, Trump and Elon Musk promoted Tesla vehicles on the White House south lawn.[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ingram_03112025-626)
As part of the [Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_Rescissions_of_Harmful_Executive_Orders_and_Actions "Initial Rescissions of Harmful Executive Orders and Actions"), Trump repealed [Ethic Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethic_Commitments_by_Executive_Branch_Personnel "Ethic Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel") which prohibited executive branch employees accepting major gifts from lobbyists and two year bans on lobbyists seeking executive jobs and vice versa. Critics described the repeal as the opposite of his pledge to "[drain the swamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_the_swamp "Drain the swamp")".[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-627) Trump also signed [Executive Order 14209](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14209 "Executive Order 14209") to stop the Justice Department prosecuting Americans accused of bribing foreign government officials under the [Foreign Corrupt Practices Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Corrupt_Practices_Act "Foreign Corrupt Practices Act").[\[625\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-628) Trump's wife, Melania, entered into a deal with [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") to create [Melania (film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_\(film\) "Melania (film)") a documentary about herself, which raised ethics concerns as it was made while she was still in office.[\[618\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Schouten_1232025-621) In March 2025, Trump praised [Tesla's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc.") cars on the White House lawn with notes about the cars' features alongside [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") in "something of a sales pitch" which was described in [The Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nation "The Nation") as "brazenly corrupt".[\[623\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Ingram_03112025-626)[\[626\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-629) Countries facing tariffs were pushed by the State Department to approve Musk's [Starlink](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink "Starlink") satellite service.[\[627\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-630)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20250806DT-0180_President_Donald_Trump_delivers_investment_remarks_alongside_Apple_CEO_Tim_Cook.jpg)
Apple Inc. CEO [Tim Cook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook "Tim Cook") and Donald Trump in the oval office with a gold gift to the president in the foreground at the announcement of a \$100 billion "investment" in the US
On April 9, 2025, Trump's encouragement of investors to buy stocks hours before [pausing tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Trump_tariffs "Second Trump tariffs") that sent markets soaring was scrutinized by Democrats and government ethics experts as possible market manipulation.[\[628\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-631) Representative [Adam Schiff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Schiff "Adam Schiff") called on Congress to investigate whether in pausing tariffs, Trump had engaged in insider trading or market manipulation.[\[629\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-632) His use of tariff exemptions also raised concerns of corruption, with claims of insider trading and special exemptions being given to friends and to punish rivals.[\[630\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-633) Trump has suggested those who "invest" within the United States would be able to reduce their tariffs.[\[631\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-634)[\[632\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-635)[\[633\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-636)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_J._Trump_on_Tuesday,_July_29,_2025,_in_Aberdeen,_Scotland.jpg)
Trump participates in the grand opening ceremony of Trump International Golf Links Aberdeen in July 2025
In May 2025, Trump's intention to accept [a \$400 million luxury jet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P4-HBJ "P4-HBJ") from Qatar to serve first as [Air Force One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Force_One "Air Force One") and later be transferred to [his presidential library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library "Donald J. Trump Presidential Library") elicited rare, bipartisan criticism, with his supporters deriding it as a "bribe", "grift" and "corruption".[\[634\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-637) *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* criticized it as an example of a *[quid pro quo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quid_pro_quo "Quid pro quo")*.[\[635\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-638) *[The Boston Globe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe "The Boston Globe")* described the deal as an example of an increasingly transactional presidency, describing it as more direct than during his first term and showing that he was "willing to bend for anyone who gives him what he craves: praise, prestige, and a cut of the profits".[\[636\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-639)
By August 12, the [United States Office of Government Ethics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Office_of_Government_Ethics "United States Office of Government Ethics") reported that Trump had made 690 stock transactions since taking office, including purchasing at least \$100 million in bonds from local authorities, gas districts, and major American corporations. CNBC reported that federal law exempted the president and vice president from some conflict of interest regulations.[\[637\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-640)
An August 2025 New Yorker Piece entitled "The Number" by [David D. Kirkpatrick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_D._Kirkpatrick "David D. Kirkpatrick") estimated that Trump had gained over \$3 billion from the presidency. The number was calculated from increased business at Mar-a-Lago, legal fees, TrumpStore.com ("the official retail website of The Trump Organization"[\[638\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-641)), deals with the [Arab states of the Persian Gulf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf "Arab states of the Persian Gulf"), [N7478D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N7478D "N7478D"), [Trump International, Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International,_Vietnam "Trump International, Vietnam"), [Trump's conflict with the media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump%27s_conflict_with_the_media "Trump's conflict with the media"), the Trump Media & Technology Group, [1789 Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1789_Capital "1789 Capital") and Trumps activities involving Cryptocurrency.[\[639\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-642)
Trump's cabinet were noted to have a large number of potential conflicts of interest, with the [Campaign Legal Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_Legal_Center "Campaign Legal Center") finding over 467 that would require recusal, with the most, 106, belonging to [Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick").[\[619\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_212025-622) Trump Media gifted 25,946 shares of stock of DJT to each of his picks for FBI director, [Kash Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash_Patel "Kash Patel"), and education secretary nominee, [Linda McMahon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_McMahon "Linda McMahon"), totaling \$779,400 each as of January 31, 2025. Both members served as directors for his company, and they later said they would not accept the award. He also gifted thousands of shares to his son.[\[640\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-643)
At the [2025 Gaza peace summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_peace_summit "2025 Gaza peace summit"), a live microphone recorded Indonesian president [Prabowo Subianto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto "Prabowo Subianto") asking Trump if he could meet his son, Eric Trump. Trump replied he would have Eric call him. Speculation arose over the involvement of Trump organization. At the time, Eric Trump served as an executive vice president of [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization"), which had business interests in Indonesia, including an operating golf club near Jakarta and a planned resort in Bali. The media described it as a 'hot mic moment'.[\[641\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-644)[\[642\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-645)[\[643\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-646) Prabowo had told Trump that he had also informed Hary, reportedly referring to [Hary Tanoesoedibjo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hary_Tanoesoedibjo "Hary Tanoesoedibjo"), an Indonesian developer with ties to the Trump Organization. The incident prompted criticism. Tony Carrk, executive director of the watchdog group Accountable.US, stated that the exchange showed "there is no line between Trump presidential and personal business."[\[644\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-647)
In October 2025, Trump demanded the Justice Department pay him \$230 million to compensate him for his former federal investigations. The move was described as unparalleled in American history and the starkest example of a conflict of interest due to the president installing his personal lawyers as leaders of the department.[\[645\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-648)
> You've been so generous in your contributions, very substantial money, fully financed. It's fully taken care of now. And in fact, we'll have money left over and we'll use that for something.
â Trump at an October 2025 dinner for ballroom donors, [\[646\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-649)[\[647\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-650)
Trump's [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom") will reportedly be heavily funded by private donors.[\[648\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-651) Trump hosted an October 2025 dinner for donors to the ballroom.[\[649\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-652)
In October 2025, Trump said that an anonymous private donor has given \$130 million to the U.S. government to help pay troops during the government shutdown.[\[650\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-653)[\[651\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-654) While Trump refused to identify the donor, the donor was reported to be [Timothy Mellon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Mellon "Timothy Mellon").[\[652\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-655)
The Justice Department reportedly shut down an investigation into [Tom Homan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Homan "Tom Homan") accepting \$50,000.[\[653\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-656)[\[654\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-657)[\[655\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-658)
Of a \$200 million ad campaign, the majority (\$143 million[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-SAM_LLC_USASpending-659)) reportedly was awarded to Safe America Media LLC with the [national emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_national_emergencies_in_the_United_States "List of national emergencies in the United States") designation used to bypass "the normal competitive bidding"[\[657\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-660) [procurement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_procurement_in_the_United_States "Government procurement in the United States") process.[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) The LLC was incorporated eight days before the contract award with its address being the home of a Republican consultant.[\[659\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-662)[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) While, "subcontractors hired to do work on the DHS ads are not disclosed in federal contracting databases", a production as part of the contract was run by the Strategy Group. The group's CEO is Ben Yoho[\[660\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-663)[\[661\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-664) who is married to [Tricia McLaughlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricia_McLaughlin_\(government_official\) "Tricia McLaughlin (government official)") the [assistant secretary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_secretary#United_States "Assistant secretary") for Public Affairs at [DHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHS "DHS").[\[662\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-665)[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) [USAspending.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAspending.gov "USAspending.gov") lists the Office of Public Affairs at DHS as the "Funding Office" of the award.[\[656\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-SAM_LLC_USASpending-659) Noem had previously required "that she personally approve any payment over \$100,000".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661)[\[663\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-666) Noem had previously been accused of intervening as South Dakota governor "to ensure the Strategy Group got the deal". The group paid "up to \$25,000" to [Madison Sheahan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Sheahan "Madison Sheahan") described as "one of Noem's closest advisers in South Dakota".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) Yoho had also "worked under [Lewandowski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corey_Lewandowski "Corey Lewandowski") on the publicity campaign for [Noem's 2024 memoir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristi_Noem#No_Going_Back "Kristi Noem")".[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661) Another firm, "People Who Think", owned by Jay Connaughton, has a \$77 million award for advertising from DHS.[\[658\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025-661)[\[664\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-667) In 2023, "Connaughton appeared to have worked" with Lewandowski.[\[665\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-668)
The Trump Library Foundation "expects to raise about \$50 million" in 2025.[\[666\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-669)
[MGX Fund Management Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGX_Fund_Management_Limited "MGX Fund Management Limited") chaired by [Sheikh Tahnoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Tahnoon "Sheikh Tahnoon") put \$2 billion into [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") to invest in [binance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binance "Binance"). Two weeks later, Trump announced "over \$200 billion in commercial deals between the United States and the United Arab Emiratesâbringing the total of investment agreements in the Gulf region to over \$2 trillion"[\[667\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-670)[\[668\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-671) Discussions reportedly involved [David O. Sacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Sacks "David O. Sacks") and [Steve Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Witkoff "Steve Witkoff").[\[669\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-672) Trump pardoned Binance founder [Changpeng Zhao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpeng_Zhao "Changpeng Zhao").
The TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL COMMITTEE, INC. raised over \$700 million.[\[670\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-673)[\[671\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-674)[\[672\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-675)
[David O. Sacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_O._Sacks "David O. Sacks") "stands out as a special government employee because of his hundreds of investments in tech companies, which can benefit from policies that he influences".[\[673\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-676)
Trump will host the [2026 G20 summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_G20_Doral_summit "2026 G20 Doral summit") at [Trump National Doral Miami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_National_Doral_Miami "Trump National Doral Miami"), a resort owned by [The Trump Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trump_Organization "The Trump Organization").[\[674\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-677)
Following the [2026 United States intervention in Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_United_States_intervention_in_Venezuela "2026 United States intervention in Venezuela"), Trump posted that Venezuelan oil "money will be controlled by me".[\[675\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-678)[\[676\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-679) The main bank account for the oil sells was located in Qatar.[\[677\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-680)[\[678\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-681)[\[679\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-682)
Pam Bondi sold between \$1 million and \$5 million in [Trump Media & Technology Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Media_%26_Technology_Group "Trump Media & Technology Group") on 2 April 2025. The same day Trump announced [Liberation Day tariffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_tariffs "Liberation Day tariffs").[\[680\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-683)
Trump bought at least a million dollars in Netflix and Warner Bros. Discovery bonds. A [proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_acquisition_of_Warner_Bros._Discovery "Proposed acquisition of Warner Bros. Discovery") would need the administration's approval.[\[681\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-684)
The Interior Department Associate Deputy Secretary, as of 2026, Karen Budd-Falen's husband Frank Falen entered into a deal with a subsidiary of [Lithium Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_Americas "Lithium Americas") for \$3.5 million. A year after the deal, during the first Trump presidency, Budd-Falen met with the subsidiary while [Thacker Pass lithium mine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thacker_Pass_lithium_mine "Thacker Pass lithium mine") was pending federal review.[\[682\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-685)
A 2025 New York Times investigation "traced" over half a billion dollarsâ to 346 donors who each gave at least \$250,000. Of the 346 donors, "more than half of them have benefited, or are involved in an industry that has benefited, from the actions or statements" of the administration including "pardons, favorable regulatory moves, the dropping of legal cases, access to the president and more." The investigation looked at "a buffet of options (...) presented to donors" including the inaugural committee, Trust for the National Mall, [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom"), [White House Historical Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Historical_Association "White House Historical Association"), [America250](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America250 "America250"), [Securing American Greatness](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Securing_American_Greatness&action=edit&redlink=1 "Securing American Greatness (page does not exist)"), [Kennedy Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_Center "Kennedy Center"), [National Park Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Park_Foundation "National Park Foundation") ([Freedom 250](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_250 "Freedom 250")). Unlike [MAGA Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGA_Inc. "MAGA Inc.") and the [Republican National Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee "Republican National Committee"), donations to the "buffet" do not require disclosure to the [Federal Election Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission "Federal Election Commission"). At least 32 people in the administration, themselves, their families or their companies, donated at least \$250,000 to Trump's "causes after the election". "Since retaking office, the president has lavished his post-election donors with praise and access to himself and his inner circle. (...) The White House has used government platforms to praise major donors to a wider audience."[\[683\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-686)
In January 2026, Trump sued the IRS for \$10 billion for a leak of the [tax returns of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump "Tax returns of Donald Trump").[\[684\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-687)
After the 2024 US presidential election, [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") signed a deal for a 49% stake in [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") (WLF) with Aryam Investment (which is under [Sheikh Tahnoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Tahnoon "Sheikh Tahnoon")) making Aryam the largest shareholder in WLF. The deal was described in The Wall Street Journal as "unprecedented in American politics: a foreign government official taking a major ownership stake in an incoming U.S. presidentâs company." "Disclosures on World Libertyâs website showed the Trump familyâs equity interest fell to 38% from 75% last year, indicating someone had likely purchased a stake, but the company has never disclosed a buyer." "The deal placed two Aryam executives, who also held top positions at Tahnoonâs [G42](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G42_\(company\) "G42 (company)"), on World Libertyâs five-person board, which at the time included Eric Trump and [Zach Witkoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Witkoff "Zach Witkoff")". The two executives also "would play key roles in the U.A.E.âs chip lobbying efforts with the Trump administration". The deal did not include "the rights to future WLFI token sales, leaving the Tahnoon-backed entity out of what was then the companyâs only source of revenue". "The deal to purchase the stake was hugely profitable to World Libertyâs founders. (...) Of the first \$250 million installment from the Tahnoon-backed company (...) \$187 million was directed to Trump family entities DT Marks DEFI LLC and DT Marks SC LLC (...) Trump personally owned 70% of DT Marks DEFI while other family members owned 30% as of the end of 2024". In March 2025, Trump hosted a White House dinner for Tahnoon which included the vice president and multiple members of the cabinet. Former government officials said typically foreign officials meet with their US counterparts rather than the president. The UAE had also pushed for faster review of investments in the US which in May 2025[\[685\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-688) the US Treasury announced it would launch. In May 2025, at the [royal palace in Abu Dhabi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasr_Al_Watan "Qasr Al Watan"), Trump told [Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan "Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan") "Your relationship and mine canât get better, so I canât say itâs going to get better because itâs at the highest level it can be". Tahnoon's [MGX Fund Management Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGX_Fund_Management_Limited "MGX Fund Management Limited") also became a investor in the [TikTok USDS Joint Venture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok_USDS_Joint_Venture "TikTok USDS Joint Venture") following [efforts to ban TikTok in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_ban_TikTok_in_the_United_States "Efforts to ban TikTok in the United States").[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake-689)
"the Trump Organization, said it wouldnât enter into new contracts with foreign governments during his presidency but didnât restrict itself from pursuing new foreign deals with private companiesâa change from the first term."[\[686\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake-689)
Following lobbying from the nursing home industry, including "nearly \$4.8 million to MAGA Inc.", the administration revoked a policy change to increase staffing in nursing homes.[\[687\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-690)
Reuters reported that the "Office of Management and Budget, which Vought leads, is allocating \$15 million of what remains of USAID operating expenses" for [Russell Vought](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Vought "Russell Vought").[\[688\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-691)
Cryptocurrency ventures
Trump and his family involvement in the cryptocurrency industry have given rise to ethical and legal concerns.[\[689\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-692)
On January 17, 2025, Trump launched, promoted, and personally benefited[\[624\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Weissert_1222025-627) from a cryptocurrency [memecoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memecoin "Memecoin"), [\$Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$Trump "$Trump"), that soared to a market valuation of over \$5 billion within a few hoursâa total \$27 billion diluted valueâthrough a Trump-owned company called CIC Digital LLC, which owned 80 percent of the coin's supply.[\[690\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-693) Within two days, the \$Trump coin became the 19th most valuable form of cryptocurrency in the world, with a total trading value of nearly \$13 billion, and a total of \$29 billion worth of trades based on a \$64 value of each of the 200 million tokens issued by the afternoon of January 19. *The New York Times* reported that Trump affiliates controlled an additional 800 million tokens that, hypothetically, could be worth over \$51 billion, potentially making Trump one of the richest people in the world. Trump also launched a new meme coin named after his wife\$, Melania, and promoted it on Truth Social shortly before attending an inauguration rally. The crypto venture was criticized by ethics experts and government watchdogs.[\[691\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-694) The venture and the possibility of foreign governments buying the coin was highlighted as possibly violating the Constitution's [Foreign Emoluments Clause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Emoluments_Clause "Foreign Emoluments Clause").[\[692\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-695) He promoted exclusive access to him for the largest holders of \$Trump, including [hosting a dinner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_memecoin_dinner "Donald Trump's memecoin dinner"), which according to *The New York Times*, certain buyers in interviews and statements said they "bought the coins or entered the dinner contest with the intention of securing an action by Mr. Trump to affect United States policy".[\[693\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-696)
He directly benefited from his cryptocurrency company [World Liberty Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Liberty_Financial "World Liberty Financial") which engaged in an unprecedented mixing of private enterprise and government policy. It directly solicited access to Trump with secret payments and currency swaps from foreign investors, companies, and individuals with criminal records and investigations. At least one investigation was dropped after payment worth several million was made to the firm, and Trump granted an official pardon to an investor of a company World Liberty had invested in. Trump's family received a cut of all transactions made through the World Liberty, and the company directly advertised its connections to Trump, who disclosed income of nearly US\$60 million in an ethics filing.[\[694\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-697)[\[695\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-698) Several actions taken by Trump's administration regarding cryptocurrency were noted to bolster the company's assets and position. A spokeswoman for Trump stated that since his assets were in a trust managed by his children, there were "no conflicts of interest".[\[622\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Lipton_04292025-625) On May 12, 2025, another family bitcoin company co-founded by [Eric Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Trump "Eric Trump") in March, [American Bitcoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Bitcoin "American Bitcoin"), announced plans to go public by merging with an existing Nasdaq company.[\[696\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-699)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1975-_Ideology_of_political_murders_-_US.svg)
In September 2025, Trump announced a widespread crackdown on left-wing groups and donors, saying that "the radicals on the left are the problem" with [political violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_the_United_States "Political violence in the United States").[\[697\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20250912-700)[\[698\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-701) Cumulatively over decades, most extremist killings in the US have been caused by right-wing perpetrators.[\[699\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Time_and_Cato-702)[\[700\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-AP_20250914-703)
Government targeting of political opponents and civil society
During [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s second presidency, the Trump administration took a series of actions using the government to target his political opponents and [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society"). His actions were described by news outlets as part of his promised "retribution" and "revenge" campaign, within the context of a strongly personalist and leader-centered conception of politics.[\[701\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-704)[\[702\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Collinson_1282025-705)[\[703\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025-706)[\[704\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Moynihan-707) During [his 2024 presidential campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_2024_presidential_campaign "Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign"), he repeatedly stated that he had "every right" to go after his political opponents.[\[705\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Byron_1222025_1-708)
He undertook a massive expansion of presidential power under a maximalist interpretation of the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory"),[\[706\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025-709) and several of his actions ignored or violated federal laws, regulations, and the [Constitution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States "Constitution of the United States"), according to American legal scholars.[\[707\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-710)[\[708\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-711)[\[709\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-712) He threatened, signed executive actions, and ordered investigations into his political opponents, critics, and organizations aligned with the [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)").[\[710\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Vogel_&_Goldmacher_2025-713) He politicized the [civil service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service "United States federal civil service"),[\[706\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025-709) undertaking [mass layoffs of government employees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_mass_layoffs "2025 United States federal mass layoffs") to recruit workers more loyal to himself.[\[711\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_01272025-714) He ended the post-[Watergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal "Watergate scandal") norm of [Justice Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice") independence, weaponizing it and ordering it to target his political enemies.[\[712\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025-715) He utilized several government agencies to retaliate against his political enemies and continued filing personal lawsuits against his political opponents, companies, and news organizations that angered him.[\[703\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025-706)[\[713\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Cooper_09062025-716)
By July 2025, Trump had extracted more than \$1.2 billion in settlements in a "cultural crackdown" against a variety of institutions that largely chose to settle rather than fight back.[\[714\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_07302025-717) He engaged in an unprecedented [targeting of law firms and lawyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeting_of_law_firms_and_lawyers_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Targeting of law firms and lawyers under the second Trump administration") that previously represented positions adverse to himself.[\[715\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Lucas_2025-718)[\[716\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Scarcella,_Merken_&_Sloan_2025-719) He [targeted higher education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_policy_of_the_second_Donald_Trump_administration#Actions_against_universities "Education policy of the second Donald Trump administration") by demanding it give federal oversight of curriculum and [targeted activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activist_deportations_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "Activist deportations in the second Trump presidency"), legal immigrants, tourists, and students with visas who expressed criticism of his policies or engaged in pro-Palestinian advocacy.[\[717\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Kanno-Youngs-2025-720) He [detained and deported United States citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_and_detention_of_American_citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration "Deportation and detention of American citizens in the second Trump administration").[\[718\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-721)
Trump's actions against [civil society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society "Civil society") have been described by legal experts and political scientists as [authoritarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarian "Authoritarian") and contributing to [democratic backsliding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_the_United_States "Democratic backsliding in the United States"),[\[719\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Riccardi_2025-722)[\[720\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Leingang-2025-723)[\[721\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Mascaro-2025-724) and negatively impacting [freedom of the press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2025%E2%80%93present:_Donald_Trump's_second_presidency "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States"),[\[722\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-725)[\[723\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-726)[\[724\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-727) [free speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_speech "Free speech"), and the [rule of law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_law "Rule of law").[\[712\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025-715)[\[725\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Abels_04292025-728)[\[726\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Hall_04242025-729)[\[727\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Gilliand_04262025-730)
In February 2026, during his State of the Union address to Congress, Trump was publicly criticized by Representatives [Ilhan Omar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilhan_Omar "Ilhan Omar") and [Rashida Tlaib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib "Rashida Tlaib"), who challenged his immigration policies and accused his administration of harming U.S. citizens. In response, Trump posted on his social media platform Truth Social, suggesting that the lawmakers "should be sent back from where they came". Omar, a naturalized U.S. citizen born in [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia "Somalia"), and Tlaib, a U.S.-born citizen of Palestinian descent, were both widely reported to have been the focus of these remarks. Media outlets and civil rights organizations described Trump's comments as xenophobic and controversial, drawing bipartisan criticism for targeting members of Congress based on their heritage.[\[728\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-731)[\[729\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-732)[\[730\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-733)[\[731\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-734)
Flood-the-zone strategy
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_has_signed_the_most_first-day_executive_orders_of_recent_presidents._First-day_executive_orders_by_previous_ten_presidents,_1969%E2%80%932025.png)
Comparisons between numbers of first-day executive orders.
The beginning of Trump's second presidency is largely recognized as the one theorized by political strategist [Steve Bannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Bannon "Steve Bannon") during Trump's first presidency, here deployed by [Stephen Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Miller "Stephen Miller"). The strategy consists of "flood\[ing\] the zone of shit," with an impressive number of claims and executive orders with the intent to tire journalists, political opponents and judicial institutions. As such the latter can't react rapidly and appropriately enough, and it nips controversies in the bud because of the flood of information. The administration had already prepared diverse executive orders to allow the signing of 55 executive orders in 20 days, a frequency never-before-seen.[\[732\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-735)[\[733\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-736)[\[734\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-737)[\[735\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-738)[\[736\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-739)[\[737\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-740)
Individually, [*The Hill*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_\(newspaper\) "The Hill (newspaper)") columnist Chris Truax argues that some of Trump's "ridiculous" and "bizarre" claims and policies, joint with his frequent [confabulations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confabulation "Confabulation"), could be partly explained by an early stage of [dementia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia "Dementia").[\[738\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-741)[\[739\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-742)
Concentration of executive power
A month after the beginning of the presidency, the government had been sued 200 times for "executive overreach", which the administration lost for the most part.[\[740\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ARTE-743) On [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"), Trump justified his policies by quoting [Napoleon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon "Napoleon"): "He who saves his Country does not violate any Law".[\[741\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:7-744) In reaction, the American left accused him of acting as a dictator.[\[742\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-745)[\[743\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:11-746)[\[744\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-747)
The right-wing and left-wing media both claim that their policies allowed a hitherto concentration of executive power in US history. Experts and newspapers feared a constitutional crisis because of frequent [checks and balances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers "Separation of powers") breaches.[\[741\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:7-744) The Trump administration often questioned the legitimacy of judges blocking his executive orders.[\[742\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:8-745)[\[743\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:11-746)[\[745\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-748)
According to *[The New Yorker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker "The New Yorker")*, Trump's new governance based itself on unconditional loyalty towards himself. Trump allegedly implemented a climate where any criticism even among the Republicans is sanctioned. Figures like [Jack Posobiec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Posobiec "Jack Posobiec") and [Laura Loomer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Loomer "Laura Loomer") acted as ideological safeguards by listing potential dissidents among the party.[\[746\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-749)
The administrations openly wanted to concentrate political powers within Trump's hands. They justify it with the [unitary executive theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory "Unitary executive theory"), alleging that by having been elected and with the approval of the Constitution, Trump is warranted in having unchecked and absolute power on the judicial branch, and on politics in general.[\[740\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ARTE-743) Legal expert Julien Jeanneney argued that the "unconstitutional" policies of Trump are backed by the [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States "Supreme Court of the United States"), of which a third of the judges had been appointed by Trump during his first presidency, hence making Republican judges the majority. According to Jeanneney most of the judges "seem clearly on Trump's side concerning most of his policies, even when they violate the Court's long-lived principles."[\[747\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-750)
Numerous experts of fascism and historians ([Jason Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Stanley "Jason Stanley"), [Marci Shore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marci_Shore "Marci Shore"), [Timothy Snyder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Snyder "Timothy Snyder"),[\[748\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-751) [Johann Chapoutot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Chapoutot "Johann Chapoutot"),[\[749\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-752) Paul Lerner, Anne Berg,[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753) Diana Garvin, Tiffany Florvil, Claudia Koonz[\[751\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-754), [Asma Mhalla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asma_Mhalla "Asma Mhalla"),[\[752\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-755) and Ben Worthy[\[753\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-756)) denounced the authoritarianism of the presidency, which they explicitly [linked to fascism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism "Donald Trump and fascism"). However experts [Christopher R. Browning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Browning "Christopher R. Browning")[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753), [Roger Griffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Griffin "Roger Griffin"),[\[754\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-757) Janos Bourgeois,[\[755\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-758) Lloyd Cox and Brendon O'Connor[\[756\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-759) contested this comparison, although Browning noted "uncanny resemblances" between Trump and Hitler,[\[750\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:14-753) and Cox and O'Connor talked about "proto-fascist phenomenon."[\[756\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:0-759)
Elections during the second Trump presidency
| | Senate leaders | House leaders | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congress | Year | [Majority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate "Party leaders of the United States Senate") | [Minority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate "Party leaders of the United States Senate") | [Speaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Speaker of the United States House of Representatives") | [Minority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives") |
| [119th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") | 2025âpresent | **[Thune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Thune "John Thune")** | [Schumer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Schumer "Chuck Schumer") | **[Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Johnson "Mike Johnson")** | [Jeffries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries "Hakeem Jeffries") |
| Congress | Senate | House |
|---|---|---|
| [119th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress")[\[d\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Congress-760) | **53** | **220** |
Relations with other branches
Judicial appointments
Internal Republican politics
MAGA fallout over non-release of Jeffrey Epstein files
On July 7, 2025, the FBI issued a two-page statement saying they had concluded that infamous [sex offender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_offender "Sex offender") [Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein "Jeffrey Epstein") did not possess a "[client list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Epstein_client_list "Jeffrey Epstein client list")", even though Attorney General [Pam Bondi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pam_Bondi "Pam Bondi") had hinted in February that such a document was on her desk. Several right-wing media personalities were highly critical of the decision. And per mainstream sources, FBI Deputy Director [Dan Bongino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bongino "Dan Bongino") is considering resigning and had been feuding with Bondi. One of the reasons given for the non-release is the privacy of the victims. At a White House press conference on the same day, President Trump asked a reporter, "Are you still talking about Jeffrey Epstein?"[\[757\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC,_Trump_supporters_angry,_July_7,_2025-761)
In late-July 24, several Senator Republicans spoke in favor of releasing the information. [Lindsey Graham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsey_Graham "Lindsey Graham") ([Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)")\-[South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina "South Carolina")) said, "The idea that Trump did something nefarious and Biden sat on it for four years, It's hard to believe. Just put it out. Let people look at it." [Josh Hawley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh_Hawley "Josh Hawley") (R-[Missouri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri "Missouri")) said, "Anybody who ever met him is going to be mentioned, so I don't think that's a big deal ... but nor is it a reason to withhold the documents." [Thom Tillis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thom_Tillis "Thom Tillis") (R-[North Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina "North Carolina")) said, "I'm where I've been every time you always ask me this question. Release the damn files."[\[758\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_Senate_Republicans,_July_24,_2025-762)
On September 3, 2025, at an at large outside press conference on the Capitol steps, legislators were joined by nearly a dozen women who state they had been abused by convicted offender Epstein. Representatives [Ro Khanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro_Khanna "Ro Khanna"), a California Democrat, [Thomas Massie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Massie "Thomas Massie"), a Kentucky Republican and [Marjorie Taylor Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene "Marjorie Taylor Greene"), a Georgia Republican and close ally of Trump, urged the House of Representatives to vote to release the full files. House Republican leaders offered an alternative vote to continue investigation by the House Oversight Committee.
On September 3, President Trump spoke to reporters from the Oval Office, and said that the call for release of files is a "Democrat hoax that never ends."[\[759\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CBS_News,_Epstein_Survivors-763)[\[760\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025-764) Similarly, [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") states that Democrats have "sought to weaponize the Epstein issue against Trump and the GOP in recent weeks, trying to force votes that would put vulnerable Republicans in difficult positions. But the tone of Wednesday's press conference was far less partisan."[\[760\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025-764)
On October 7, Attorney General Bondi testified before the [Senate Judiciary Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee "Senate Judiciary Committee") and BBC drew five "takeaways" including "3. Bondi keen to focus on crime" and "4. But Democrats focus on Epstein." However, [Senator John Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Neely_Kennedy "John Neely Kennedy") ([Republican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party_\(United_States\) "Republican Party (United States)") - [Louisiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana "Louisiana")) repeated comments from [Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Lutnick "Howard Lutnick") that Epstein was "the greatest blackmailer ever."[\[761\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC,_Five_takeaways,_7_Oct_2025-765)
On November 12, 2025, the petition to force a House vote for the release of the Epstein files by the Department of Justice secured the final required signature from Democratic Rep. [Adelita Grijalva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelita_Grijalva "Adelita Grijalva"), the latter being sworn in for her position after the end of the October 2025 government shutdown.[\[762\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-766) On the same day, House Democrats released a series of private emails between Epstein, Gishaline Maxwell, and journalist [Michael Wolff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Wolff_\(journalist\) "Michael Wolff (journalist)"). Among them was an email in which Epstein stated that "Trump knew about the girls," though without it being clear that this refers to Epstein's crimes.[\[763\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-767)
On November 18, the [Epstein Files Transparency Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_Files_Transparency_Act "Epstein Files Transparency Act") cleared the House and Senate with overwhelming majorities, requiring the release of all materials relating to the Epstein investigation within 30 days.[\[764\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto2-768) This would exclude victims' names, as well as material which depicts sexual abuse. The Justice Department may also withhold any materials whose release would "jeapordise an active federal investigation or ongoing prosecution, provided that such withholding is narrowly tailored and temporary." This fact has drawn concern from certain lawmakers, who argue that recently started, ongoing investigations into Bill Clinton and [Larry Summers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Summers "Lawrence Summers") may delay the release of some materials.[\[764\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-auto2-768) The Act also requires the executive branch to provide an unredacted "list of all government officials and politically exposed persons" who are included in the material. [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN") has expressed scepticism about this aspect of the Act, arguing in an analysis article that "the administration might play games with whatever discretion it has â say, by releasing information that's politically advantageous but withholding other information using the available justifications."[\[765\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-CNN,_Analysis_%E2%80%93_Will_he_actually_release_them_all?,_Nov_19,_2025-769)
Trump has reversed course and now states he favors the release of the material.[\[766\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-ABC_News,_House_to_Vote,_Nov_18,_2025-770) He signed the Epstein Files Transparency Act on November 19, and made a lengthy post on Truth Social which included the claim, "Do not forget â The Biden Administration did not turn over a SINGLE file or page related to Democrat Epstein, nor did they ever even speak about him.[\[767\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-771)[\[768\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-772)
Historical evaluations and public opinion
Evaluations
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1789-_Percent_of_electoral_vote_\(US\).svg)
Though touting "landslide" victories, Trump won the 2024 election with 58% of the electoral collegeâplacing the win in approximately the 28th percentile of all presidential elections.[\[769\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20161218-773)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1828-_Margin_of_victory_in_US_presidential_elections_-_popular_vote.svg)
Though Trump repeatedly promoted his 2024 victory as a [mandate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_\(politics\) "Mandate (politics)")âto inflate the actual degree of voter supportâhe failed to receive 50% of the popular vote.[\[770\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-WashPost_20241118-774) His 1.5 percentage point [margin of victory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_elections_by_popular_vote_margin "List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin") in 2024 (shown in chart) place it in only the 20th percentile of presidential elections since 1828.[\[771\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-UCSB_20241106-775)
Professor [Christina Pagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Pagel "Christina Pagel") mapped the first actions of the Trump administration in a Venn diagram that identifies "five broad domains that correspond to features of proto-authoritarian states". These five domains are: undermining democratic institutions and the rule of law, dismantling federal government; dismantling social protections and rights, enrichment and corruption; suppressing dissent and controlling information; attacking science, environment, health, arts and education, particularly universities; aggressive foreign policy and global destabilization.[\[772\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-kottke-pagel-776)
Journalist Martin Sandu and authoritarian politics researcher Alex Norris described the maximalist interpretation of [executive power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Federal_government_and_executive_power) in Trump's second term as president, including sweeping [executive orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_in_the_second_Trump_presidency "List of executive orders in the second Trump presidency"), the [federal funding freeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_federal_government_grant_pause "2025 United States federal government grant pause"), [actions against political opponents and the media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Actions_against_political_opponents_and_the_media), [pardons of those involved in the 2021 attempted self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon_of_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack_defendants "Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants"), the actions of [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk")'s [Department of Government Efficiency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Government_Efficiency "Department of Government Efficiency"), and the like as an attempted [self-coup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-coup "Self-coup").[\[773\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-777)[\[774\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-778) Political scientist Lee Morgenbesser argued the actions of DOGE are a form of [state capture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_capture "State capture").[\[775\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-779)
Public opinion
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Composite_of_polls_of_Donald_Trump_2nd-term_presidential_approval_ratings_over_time.png)
Trump's aggregated presidential approval ratings consistently declined over the first ten months of his second term, with more disapproval ratings than approval ratings just two months after his election and disapproval ratings rising to over 50% after three months.[\[776\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_CompositePolling_2025-780)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:202512_First-year_presidential_approval_ratings.svg)
In a larger context, Trump's approval rating ([Gallup polling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup_polling "Gallup polling")) after the first year of his second term was the lowest of any president since 1977.[\[777\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-NYTimes_20251226-781)
Donald Trump began his second term with another historically low job approval rating, only improving on his lowest-ever rating (occurring in his first term) by three percentage points.[\[778\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:4-782) President Trump began his first term at 45% job approval, and his second with 47%. According to [Gallup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc. "Gallup, Inc."), "Trump remains the only elected president with sub-50% initial approval ratings".[\[778\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-:4-782) In a [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News")/[YouGov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouGov "YouGov") poll conducted from February 5â7, 2025, Trump reached a career high poll rating of 53%.[\[779\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-783) According to ABC News, Trump's approval rating at the end of his first 100 days in office was 39%, even lower than his already low 42% approval rating at the end of his first 100 days of his first presidency and the worst of any president's approval ratings after their 100 days in 80 years.[\[780\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-784) By July 2025, Gallup found Trump's approval rating reached the lowest for his second term at 37%, largely driven by declining support from independents,[\[781\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-785) and in August, multiple surveys revealed record or near-record low job approval ratings, which Gallup found to be lower than any modern president.[\[782\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-786)
As was the case during Trump's first term,[\[783\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-787)[\[784\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-788)[\[785\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-789) the president's approval ratings have remained remarkably stable.[\[786\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-790)[\[787\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-791)[\[788\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-792) His ratings are also very polarized, often with more Republicans than Democrats approving of his leadership.
Immigration enforcement and protests against ICE
In early June 2025 in response to street [protests against ICE actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests "June 2025 Los Angeles protests"), President Trump activated and sent 2,100 members of the [California National Guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_National_Guard "California National Guard") to the Los Angeles area.[\[789\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_What_the_National_Guard_has_been_seen_doing_in_Los_Angeles_area,_June_10,_2025-793) [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters") reported that the protests were the strongest domestic backlash to Trump since he took office in January,[\[790\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Pitas_06102025-794) and became a focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest, the use of federal force in domestic affairs, the boundaries of presidential power, and freedom of speech and assembly.[\[791\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-Bose_07082025-795)
Banking and Citizenship Data Policy
In February 2026, the Trump administration was reported to be considering an executive order that would require U.S. banks to collect citizenship information from both new and existing customers as part of broader efforts to crack down on undocumented migration and impose new documentation requirements.[\[792\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-796)
June 2025 military parade and "No Kings" protests
On June 14, the Trump administration held the [U.S. Army 250th Anniversary Parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Army_250th_Anniversary_Parade "U.S. Army 250th Anniversary Parade") in Washington, D.C., to celebrate the anniversary of the U.S. Army and coinciding with President Trump's 79th birthday.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797) The parade is estimated to have cost somewhere between \$25 and \$45 million.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797) In protest, [50501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50501_movement "50501 movement"), [Indivisible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indivisible_movement "Indivisible movement"), and other organizations[\[794\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-798) organized [No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests") in many American cities. Millions attended the largest protest since Trump was re-elected.[\[793\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-BBC_News,_Mass_protests_against_Trump_across_US_as_president_holds_military_parade,_June_14,_2025-797)[\[795\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-799)
October 2025 "No Kings" protests
[No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2025_No_Kings_protests "October 2025 No Kings protests") (also called No Kings 2.0[\[796\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-800)[\[797\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-801)[\[798\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-802) and No Kings Day 2.0[\[799\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-803)[\[800\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-804)) took place on October 18, 2025, as part of a series of [demonstrations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_demonstration "Political demonstration") taking place largely in the United States against [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")'s policies and actions during his second presidency. The demonstrations, which followed the [June 2025 No Kings protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_No_Kings_protests "June 2025 No Kings protests"), took place in some 2,700 locations across the country, including the [National Mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall "National Mall") in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago"), and [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City").
Organizers of the protests estimated that the protests drew nearly 7 million attendees,[\[801\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-October_2025_No_Kings_protests_AJE_millions_no_kings-805)[\[802\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-806) while a partnership between data journalist [G. Elliott Morris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Elliott_Morris "G. Elliott Morris") and the Xylom, an independent Atlanta-based science newsroom, estimated 5 million to 6.5 million participants. Either estimate would make this one of the [largest single-day protests in American history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protests_and_demonstrations_in_the_United_States_by_size "List of protests and demonstrations in the United States by size").[\[803\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-807)
In January 2026, organizers announced plans to hold a [third "No Kings" mass mobilization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2026_No_Kings_protests "March 2026 No Kings protests") on March 28, 2026, in response to the [killings of Alex Pretti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Alex_Pretti "Killing of Alex Pretti") and [Renée Good](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ren%C3%A9e_Good "Killing of Renée Good"), as well as the [2026 Minnesota general strike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23,_2026_Minnesota_protests_against_ICE "January 23, 2026 Minnesota protests against ICE").[\[804\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-808)
See also
- [Bibliography of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump "Bibliography of Donald Trump")
- [Efforts to impeach Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump")
- [Government attacks on journalists in the United States during Donald Trump's second presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_government_attacks_on_journalists_in_the_United_States#2025%E2%80%93present:_Donald_Trump's_second_presidency "Timeline of government attacks on journalists in the United States")
- [List of federal political scandals in the United States (21st century)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States_\(21st_century\) "List of federal political scandals in the United States (21st century)")
- [List of United States presidential vetoes § Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_vetoes#Donald_Trump "List of United States presidential vetoes")
- [Make America Great Again](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again "Make America Great Again") â American political slogan
- [Political positions of Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump "Political positions of Donald Trump")
Notes
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-1)** The first was [Grover Cleveland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland "Grover Cleveland"), following his victory in the [1892 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election "1892 United States presidential election").
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-16)** He was [convicted in 2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York "Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York") for [falsifying business records](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifying_business_records "Falsifying business records") to conceal [hush money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hush_money "Hush money") payments.
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-484)** Rare-earth elements or minerals are distinct from minerals or materials described as [critical minerals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_minerals "Critical minerals") or raw materials, which refers to materials that are considered to be of strategic or economic importance to a country. There is no single list, but individual governments compile lists of materials that are critical for their own economies.[\[481\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_note-483) However the two terms are often used interchangeably, especially in the U.S.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Congress_760-0)** 17 days of the [119th Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress "119th United States Congress") (January 3, 2025 â January 19, 2025) took place under [President Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Presidency of Joe Biden").
References
1. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:3_2-0)**
["How many executive orders has Trump signed in 2025?: A look at the president's first month back in office"](https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/politics/how-many-executive-orders-has-trump-signed-2025-first-month/6157457/). *NBC New York*. February 20, 2025. Retrieved March 22, 2025.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-3)**
Green, Erica L.; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Haberman, Maggie (March 20, 2025). ["How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/20/us/politics/trump-power-courts-crisis.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved March 20, 2025. "President Trump's expansive interpretation of presidential power has become the defining characteristic of his second term."
3. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-4)**
Waldenberg, Samantha; Liptak, Kevin; Treene, Alayna; Goldman, David (February 1, 2025). ["Trump announces new tariffs on Mexico, Canada and China"](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/02/01/politics/mexico-canada-china-tariffs-trump/index.html). *CNN*.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-AP,_Trump_agrees_to_pause_tariffs_on_Canada_and_Mexico,_February_3,_2025_5-0)**
Boak, Josh; SĂĄnchez, Fabiola; Gillies, Rob (February 3, 2025). ["Trump agrees to pause tariffs on Canada and Mexico after they pledge to boost border enforcement"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china-sheinbaum-trudeau-017efa8c3343b8d2a9444f7e65356ae9). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. Retrieved February 3, 2025.
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Financial_Post,_Canada_to_place_retaliatory_25_per_cent,_February_1,_2025_6-0)**
Gowling, Jordan (February 1, 2025). ["Canada to place retaliatory 25 per cent tariffs on \$155 billion in U.S. goods in two phases"](https://financialpost.com/news/trump-signs-executive-order-imposing-25-per-cent-tariffs-on-canada-starting-tuesday). *[Financial Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Post "Financial Post")*.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-7)**
Melloy, John; Machael, Tanaya (April 6, 2025). ["Dow futures fall 900 points as Trump tariff market collapse worsens"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/06/stock-market-today-live-updates.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*. Retrieved April 6, 2025.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-8)**
["Trump wants Jordan and Egypt to accept more Palestinian refugees and floats plan to 'clean out' Gaza"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-biden-israel-bomb-gaza-hamas-war-023b36984c6116c128b5e47f117bba2a). *Associated Press*. January 26, 2025.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-9)**
Savage, Charlie; Rosenberg, Carol; Gamio, Lazaro (December 29, 2025). ["Tracking U.S. Military Killings in Boat Attacks Known"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/10/29/us/us-caribbean-pacific-boat-strikes.html). *The New York Times*. The New York Times. Retrieved December 31, 2025.
9. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-10)**
Savage, Charlie (December 4, 2025). ["The Furor Over Trump's Boat Attacks and a Particular Follow-Up Strike, Explained"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/04/us/politics/boat-strikes-trump-hegseth-caribbean.html). The New York Times. Retrieved December 31, 2025.
10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-11)**
Chrisafis, Angelique (July 22, 2025). ["Trump pulls US out of Unesco in blow for UN culture and education agency"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/22/us-unesco-withdrawal-trump-united-nations). *The Guardian*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved July 22, 2025.
11. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Savage_05232025_12-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Savage_05232025_12-1)
Savage, Charlie (May 23, 2025). ["Judges Keep Calling Trump's Actions Illegal, but Undoing Them Is Hard"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/23/us/politics/trump-administration-courts-judges-law.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Sneed_01232025_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Sneed_01232025_13-1)
Sneed, Tierney (January 23, 2025). ["Judge blocks Trump's 'blatantly unconstitutional' executive order that aims to end birthright citizenship"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/23/politics/birthright-citizenship-lawsuit-hearing-seattle/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
13. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Lucas_05022025_14-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Lucas_05022025_14-1)
Lucas, Ryan (May 2, 2025). ["Federal judge strikes down Trump order targeting the law firm Perkins Coie"](https://www.npr.org/2025/05/02/nx-s1-5385355/perkins-coie-trump-executive-order-law-firms). *NPR News*. Retrieved August 18, 2025. "A federal judge on Friday struck down President Trump's executive order targeting the prominent law firm of Perkins Coie, finding it unconstitutional and declaring it an attack on the foundational principles of the American legal system."
14. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Jouvenal_07212025_15-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Jouvenal_07212025_15-1)
Jouvenal, Justin (July 21, 2025). ["Trump officials accused of defying 1 in 3 judges who ruled against him"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/07/21/trump-court-orders-defy-noncompliance-marshals-judges/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved August 1, 2025. "A comprehensive analysis of hundreds of lawsuits against Trump policies shows dozens of examples of defiance, delay and dishonesty, which experts say pose an unprecedented threat to the U.S. legal system. \[...\] The Post examined 337 lawsuits filed against the administration since Trump returned to the White House and began a rapid-fire effort to reshape government programs and policy. As of mid-July, courts had ruled against the administration in 165 of the lawsuits. The Post found that the administration is accused of defying or frustrating court oversight in 57 of those cases â almost 35 percent. Legal experts said the pattern of conduct is unprecedented for any presidential administration and threatens to undermine the judiciary's role as a check on an executive branch asserting vast powers that test the boundaries of the law and Constitution."
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-17)**
["Can Trump serve a third term as US president?"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx20lwedn23o). *www.bbc.com*. October 27, 2025. Retrieved November 5, 2025.
16. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-18)**
["Presidential Election Results 2020: Biden Wins"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/11/03/us/elections/results-president.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. November 3, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2025.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-19)**
Watson, Kathryn (November 15, 2022). ["Trump announces he's running for president again in 2024"](https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/donald-trump-2024-presidential-bid-announcement/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). Retrieved November 6, 2024.
18. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-20)**
Orr, Gabby; Holmes, Kristen; Stracqualursi, Veronica (November 16, 2022). ["Former President Donald Trump announces a White House bid for 2024"](https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/15/politics/trump-2024-presidential-bid/index.html). [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230115195034/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/15/politics/trump-2024-presidential-bid/index.html) from the original on January 15, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
19. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-21)**
Herman, Alice (July 15, 2024). ["Donald Trump formally nominated to be Republican presidential candidate"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/jul/15/trump-milwaukee-republican-national-convention). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
20. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-22)**
Colvin, Jill; Tucker, Eric; Condon, Bernard; Mustian, Jim (July 26, 2024). ["FBI says Trump was indeed struck by bullet during assassination attempt"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-bullet-shrapnel-ronny-jackson-christopher-wray-cb780b9d1a078f0be4191682e75101cf). *[Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240730103703/https://apnews.com/article/trump-bullet-shrapnel-ronny-jackson-christopher-wray-cb780b9d1a078f0be4191682e75101cf) from the original on July 30, 2024.
21. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-23)**
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["Trump tax bill will add \$2.4 trillion to the deficit and leave 10.9 million more uninsured, CBO says"](https://apnews.com/article/cbo-deficits-tax-cuts-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-64d7de49aef62ba07b7f6f45c1ca73d1). *AP News*. June 4, 2025. Retrieved December 18, 2025.
74. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-76)**
["Richest Gain Most and Poorest Face Steepest Cuts Under G.O.P. Law, Analysis Finds"](http://web.archive.org/web/20251020154332/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/11/us/politics/trump-gop-policy-bill-rich-poor.html). August 11, 2025. Archived from [the original](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/11/us/politics/trump-gop-policy-bill-rich-poor.html) on October 20, 2025. Retrieved December 18, 2025.
75. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-77)**
["Senate Bill Would Add at Least \$3.3 Trillion to Debt, Budget Office Says"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/29/us/politics/senate-bill-trump-cbo-score-debt.html). *The New York Times*. June 29, 2025.
76. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025_78-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Senate_rejects_measures_to_end_shutdown,_Oct_3,_2025_78-1)
["Senate rejects measures to end shutdown"](https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/5537624-government-shutdown-senate-vote/amp/). *The Hill*. October 3, 2025.
77. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025_79-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_How_the_longest,_Nov_13,_2025_79-1)
["How the longest government shutdown in history came to an end"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-the-longest-government-shutdown-in-history-came-to-an-end/). *CBS News*. November 13, 2025.
78. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Detroit_Free_Press,_Nov_6,_2025_80-0)**
["Judge orders Trump administration to fully fund SNAP; Trump appeals"](https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2025/11/06/federal-government-november-snap-payments-shutdown/87125948007/). *Detroit Free Press*. November 6, 2025.
79. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-81)**
["25 states sue Trump administration over SNAP food stamp freeze during shutdown"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/snap-food-stamps-lawsuit-25-states-trump-administration/). *CBS News*. October 28, 2025.
80. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_asked_court_to_'clarify'_SNAP_ruling,_Oct_31_82-0)**
["Trump says he has asked court to 'clarify' SNAP ruling with funding set to lapse"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/judge-rules-trumps-attempt-suspend-snap-funding-unlawful/story?id=127069497). *ABC News*. October 31, 2025.
81. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-83)**
["Supreme Court temporarily freezes order requiring Trump administration to provide full SNAP payments to millions of Americans"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/appeals-court-trump-administration-full-snap-benefits/). *CBS News*. November 8, 2025.
82. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-84)**
["Supreme Court justice temporarily pauses order requiring Trump administration to fully fund SNAP by end of Friday"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-administration-asks-appeals-court-immediately-halt-ruling/story?id=127294307). *ABC News*. November 7, 2025.
83. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-85)**
["Thune says ending filibuster 'not happening' despite Trump's demands"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/after-breakfast-trump-thune-reiterates-filibuster-happening-despite/story?id=127222696). *ABC News*. November 5, 2025.
84. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-86)** 2nd article â ["Republicans discuss narrow filibuster change to end shutdown but unlikely to adopt it, sources say"](https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/government-shutdown-latest-senate-talks-flights/), CBS News, November 6, 2025.
85. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-87)**
["These 8 senators broke with Democrats on the government shutdown deal. Here's how they explain it"](https://apnews.com/article/government-shutdown-8-democrats-e83180c0b69642a00a234c244d9ea76e). *AP News*. November 10, 2025.
86. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-88)**
Ferris, Sarah (November 12, 2025). ["President Trump signs bill to reopen government, ending longest shutdown in US history"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/12/politics/government-shutdown-funding-bill-house-vote). *CNN*.
87. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_House_approves_partial_funding_package,_Jan_8,_2026_89-0)**
["House approves partial funding package as Congress races to avoid another shutdown"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/house-vote-government-funding-package-congress-shutdown/). *CBS News*. January 8, 2026.
88. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC,_Trump_signs_bill_to_end_government_shutdown,_Feb_3,_2026_90-0)**
["Trump signs bill to end government shutdown and fund DHS for two weeks"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-path-end-government-shutdown-tuesday-dhs-trump-rcna257138). *NBC News*. February 3, 2026.
89. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-91)**
["Trump signs bill to end partial government shutdown, setting stage for next fight"](https://apnews.com/article/government-shutdown-ice-funding-471e55ba4c3247051739ee1b50b2857a). *AP News*. February 3, 2026.
90. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Partial_government_shutdown_hits_DHS,_Feb_13,_2026_92-2)
["Partial government shutdown hits DHS: What to know about negotiations, potential impacts"](https://abcnews.com/Politics/dhs-poised-shut-negotiations-potential-impacts/story?id=130143768). *ABC News*. February 13, 2026.
91. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026_93-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_officers_in_Minneapolis_will_start_wearing_body_cams,_Feb_2,_2026_93-1)
["All immigration officers in Minneapolis will start wearing body cameras, Noem says"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-officers-minneapolis-body-cameras/). *CBS News*. February 2, 2026.
92. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-94)**
Collins, Michael. ["Donald Trump vows to impose 25% tariff on all products from Canada and Mexico"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2024/11/25/trump-tariff-canada-mexico/76576835007/). *USA Today*. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
93. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-95)**
["Trump's tariffs have launched global trade wars. Here's a timeline of how we got here"](https://apnews.com/article/tariffs-timeline-trade-war-trump-canada-mexico-china-a9d714eea677488ef9397547d838dbd0). *AP News*. March 26, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
94. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-96)**
["Trump's trade war draws swift retaliation with new tariffs from Mexico, Canada and China"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-canada-mexico-china-643086a6dc7ff716d876b3c83e3255b0). *AP News*. March 4, 2025. Retrieved July 10, 2025.
95. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-97)**
["Trump limits tariffs on most nations for 90 days, raises taxes on Chinese imports"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariffs-stock-market-china-recession-deals-e8e54a68397e6829e1d27552a1d7bfb9). *AP News*. April 9, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
96. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-98)**
Towfighi, John (April 2, 2025). ["Stock futures plunge as investors digest Trump's tariffs \| CNN Business"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/02/business/us-stock-market). *CNN*. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
97. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-99)**
["Trump's trade blitz produces few deals but lots of uncertainty"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tariff-deadline-japan-south-korea-trade-7ea94de216329a9b011a3d3951ae5963). *AP News*. July 9, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
98. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-100)**
["Trump threatens more than a dozen countries with new tariffs by Aug. 1 - CBS News"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-japan-korea-tariffs-august-1/). *CBS News*. July 8, 2025. Retrieved July 9, 2025.
99. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WashPost_20260115_101-0)**
Lynch, David J. (January 15, 2026). ["Trump's promised manufacturing boom is a bust so far"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/15/trump-manufacturing-jobs-tariffs/). *The Washington Post*.
Source credits: "Institute of Supply Management Purchasing Managers Index".
100. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN_CPI_20251211_102-0)**
Dale, Daniel (December 11, 2025). ["Analysis: How the White House is using misleading comparisons to make inflation sound better"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices). CNN. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217063806/https://www.cnn.com/2025/12/11/politics/inflation-trump-karoline-leavitt-prices) from the original on December 17, 2025.
â Data from BLS:
["12-month percentage change, Consumer Price Index, selected categories"](https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm). US Bureau of Labor Statistics. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217065215/https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category-line-chart.htm) from the original on December 17, 2025.
â Higher-precision data from Federal Reserve:
["Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average (CPIAUCSL)"](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz). US Federal Reserve, St. Louis office. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251217070037/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=1LiHz) from the original on December 17, 2025.
101. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Grist_20260121_103-0)**
Garza, Frida (January 21, 2026). ["The consequences of Trump's war on climate in 7 charts / Trump's trade war hit U.S. farmers hard"](https://grist.org/politics/the-consequences-of-trumps-war-on-climate-in-7-charts/). *Grist*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260123222532/https://grist.org/politics/the-consequences-of-trumps-war-on-climate-in-7-charts/) from the original on January 23, 2026.
*Grist* credits: "Source: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (GATS)"
102. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-FRED_202601_104-0)**
["Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index (DTWEXBGS)"](https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTWEXBGS). FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. January 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260127155853/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DTWEXBGS) from the original on January 27, 2026.
103. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Politico_20260127_105-0)**
Sutton, Sam (January 27, 2026). ["The dollar is sinking. Trump thinks it's great"](https://www.politico.com/news/2026/01/27/the-dollar-is-sinking-trump-thinks-its-great-00750307). *Politico*.
104. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-106)**
Lawder, David (November 3, 2025). ["Supreme Court cannot stop all of Trump's tariffs. Deal with it, officials say"](https://www.reuters.com/world/china/supreme-court-wont-stop-trumps-tariffs-deal-with-it-officials-say-2025-11-03/). *Reuters*. Retrieved November 11, 2025.
105. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_US_court_rules_many,_August_29,_2025_107-0)**
["US court rules many of Trump's global tariffs are illegal"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckgj7jxkq58o.amp). *BBC*. August 29, 2025.
106. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-cnn_decision_108-0)**
Fritze, Jon (February 20, 2026). ["Supreme Court rules that Trump's sweeping emergency tariffs are illegal"](https://www.cnn.com/2026/02/20/politics/supreme-court-tariffs). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved February 20, 2026.
107. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-109)**
Breuninger, Kevin (February 20, 2026). ["Supreme Court strikes down Trump tariffs, rebuking president's signature economic policy"](https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/20/supreme-court-trump-tariffs-ruling.html). CNBC. Retrieved February 20, 2026.
108. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_Trump_says_US-China_relations_'reset,'_May_12,_2025_110-0)**
Jenna Moon, editing (May 12, 2025). ["Trump says US-China relations 'reset' as markets surge on tariff pause"](https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cedy09wq25qt). *BBC*.
109. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Dow_closes_up_1,160_points,_May_12,_2025_111-0)**
Max Zahn (May 12, 2025). ["Dow closes up 1,160 points as US and China agree to slash tariffs"](https://abcnews.go.com/Business/us-stocks-soar-us-china-agree-slash-tariffs/story?id=121708443). *ABC News*. "The U.S. agreed to cut tariffs on Chinese goods from 145% to 30%, while China committed to reduce tariffs on U.S. products from 125% to 10%"
110. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC_News,_Dow_adds_1,100_points,_May_12,_2025_112-0)**
Rob Wile (May 12, 2025). ["Dow adds 1,100 points, S\&P 500 up 3% after the U.S. and China slash tariffs"](https://www.nbcnews.com/business/markets/stocks-set-open-sharply-higher-us-china-slash-tariffs-rcna206213). *NBC News*.
111. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump_delays_China_tariff_hike_for_another_90_days,_August_11,_2025_113-0)**
["Trump delays China tariff hike for another 90 days"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-china-tariff-extension-90-days-trade-war/). *CBS*. August 11, 2025.
112. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:6_114-0)**
["US-EU tariff deal a big Trump win but not a total defeat for Brussels"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czxpdv5x54ko). *BBC News*. July 28, 2025.
113. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-115)**
["Donald Trump agrees trade lead with EU president after round of golf at Turnberry"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c93dpl0p200o). *BBC News*. July 27, 2025. Retrieved July 28, 2025.
114. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-116)**
["Trump and Von der Leyen conclude a customs agreement on EU products"](https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/2181974/douanes-trump-europe-commerce-protectionnisme). *ici.radio-canada.ca* (in French). July 27, 2025. Retrieved July 27, 2025.
115. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-117)**
["Trump's trillion-dollar trip"](https://www.axios.com/2025/05/12/trump-saudi-uae-qatar-trillion-dollar-investments). *Axios*. May 12, 2025.
116. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-118)**
[Broadwater, Luke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Broadwater "Luke Broadwater") (May 13, 2025). ["Trump again encouraged Saudi Arabia to increase its investment in the United States beyond the \$600 billion over four years already pledged by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman"](https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/05/13/us/trump-news-saudi-arabia/f6c7b7c3-c83e-55c5-a430-9400a4878565). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved May 13, 2025.
117. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-119)**
["Trump announces \$200 billion in deals during UAE visit, AI agreement signed"](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-heads-uae-it-hopes-advance-ai-ambitions-2025-05-15/). *Reuters*. May 16, 2025.
118. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-120)**
["Donald Trump updates: US president ends Middle East tour with more deals"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2025/5/16/donald-trump-live-us-president-signs-1-4-trillion-ai-deal-with-uae). *Al Jazeera*. May 16, 2025.
119. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026_121-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Trump's_proposed_cap_on_credit_card_interest,_Jan_12,_2026_121-1)
["How Trump's proposed cap on credit card rates could reshape consumer lending"](https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/how-trumps-proposed-cap-credit-card-rates-could-reshape-consumer-lending-2026-01-12/). *Reuters News*. January 12, 2026.
120. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_Trump's_affordability_pledge,_Jan_16,_2026_122-0)**
["Trump's affordability pledge strikes directly at the heart of Wall Street's profit engine"](https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/16/business/credit-card-cap-affordability-trump). *CNN News*. January 16, 2026.
121. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026_123-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026_123-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Business_Insider,_plans_to_make_housing_cheaper,_Jan_21,_2026_123-2)
["Trump lays out his plans to make housing cheaper in Davos speech"](https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-housing-davos-401k-retirement-homeownership-mortgage-interest-rates-powell-2026-1). *Business Insider*. January 21, 2026.
122. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-124)**
Knowles, Hannah; LeVine, Marianne (April 8, 2024). ["Trump says abortion should be left to states, does not endorse national limit"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/04/08/trump-abortion-statement/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240714184841/https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2024/04/08/trump-abortion-statement/) from the original on July 14, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
123. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-125)**
Cortellessa, Eric (April 30, 2024). ["How Far Trump Would Go"](https://time.com/6972021/donald-trump-2024-election-interview/). *[Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240511000706/https://time.com/6972021/donald-trump-2024-election-interview/) from the original on May 11, 2024.
124. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-126)**
Gold, Michael (April 10, 2024). ["Trump Says He Wouldn't Sign a Federal Abortion Ban, Criticizing Arizona Ruling"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/us/politics/trump-arizona-abortion.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241204083645/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/10/us/politics/trump-arizona-abortion.html) from the original on December 4, 2024.
125. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-127)**
Kashinsky, Lisa; Messerly, Megan (October 1, 2024). ["Trump vows to veto any federal abortion ban â after previously refusing to commit"](https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/01/trump-abortion-veto-national-ban-00182091). *[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241209070530/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/10/01/trump-abortion-veto-national-ban-00182091) from the original on December 9, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
126. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-128)**
Ollstein, Alice; Messerly, Megan (September 12, 2024). ["Trump sells himself as a 'leader' on IVF, angering some Republicans"](https://www.politico.com/news/2024/09/12/trump-ivf-gop-roe-abortion-00178760). *[Politico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico "Politico")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241111055155/https://www.politico.com/news/2024/09/12/trump-ivf-gop-roe-abortion-00178760) from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
127. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:9_129-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:9_129-1)
Superville, Darline; Price, Michelle L. (February 18, 2025). ["Trump signs order to study how to expand IVF and calls for 'radical transparency' from government"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-executive-order-musk-hannity-143316eda581ac466cd923cdf4568d87). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. Retrieved February 18, 2025.
128. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-130)**
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406. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-411)**
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411. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Israel-Iran_live_updates,_June_15,_2025_416-0)**
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416. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-421)**
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417. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-422)**
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419. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-424)**
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423. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-428)**
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Christou, William (January 17, 2026). ["Ali Khamenei says thousands killed in Iran protests, some in 'inhuman, savage manner'"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jan/17/senior-iranian-cleric-calls-for-protester-executions-in-defiance-of-trump-claims). *The Guardian*.
425. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-430)**
[Sanger, David E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Sanger "David E. Sanger") (February 28, 2026). ["For Trump, the Iran Attack Is the Ultimate War of Choice"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/28/us/politics/trump-iran-attack.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved March 1, 2026.
426. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:52_431-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:52_431-1)
["Trump gives Netanyahu two months to end the war in Gaza and opens the door to attacks on Iran's nuclear facilities"](https://www.abc.es/internacional/trump-dos-meses-netanyahu-acabar-guerra-gaza-20241106171112-nt.html). ABC. November 6, 2024. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241121014636/https://www.abc.es/internacional/trump-dos-meses-netanyahu-acabar-guerra-gaza-20241106171112-nt.html) from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.
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Ravid, Barak (November 8, 2024). ["Trump tells Palestinian president he wants to end Gaza war"](https://www.axios.com/2024/11/08/trump-abbas-call-end-gaza-war). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241204202322/https://www.axios.com/2024/11/08/trump-abbas-call-end-gaza-war) from the original on December 4, 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2024.
428. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-433)**
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429. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-washingtonpost202501152_434-0)**
George, Susannah; DeYoung, Karen; Westfall, Sammy (January 15, 2025). ["Trump claims credit for ceasefire agreement"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/15/israel-war-gaza-ceasefire-hostages-news-hamas/#link-RO4YL25X2ZB6DJP3TWPCCUIFTE). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250117074926/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/01/15/israel-war-gaza-ceasefire-hostages-news-hamas/#link-RO4YL25X2ZB6DJP3TWPCCUIFTE) from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
430. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-haaretz202501132_435-0)**
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431. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-nytimes20250115a2_436-0)**
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432. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-437)**
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434. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-439)**
["Trump says US will 'take over' and 'own' Gaza in redevelopment plan"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/2/5/trump-says-us-will-take-over-and-own-gaza-in-redevelopment-plan). *Al Jazeera*. Retrieved March 3, 2025.
435. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Trump_plan_440-0)**
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436. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-breaking_ceasefire_441-0)**
Multiple sources:
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437. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-442)**
["'This is on Hamas,' US special envoy Witkoff says of new Gaza fighting"](https://www.reuters.com/world/this-is-hamas-us-special-envoy-witkoff-says-new-gaza-fighting-2025-03-23/). *Reuters*. March 24, 2025.
438. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Guardian,_Trump_acknowledges_starvation_in_Gaza,_May_16,_2025_443-0)**
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439. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Trump_says_444-0)**
["Trump says "a lot of people are starving" in Gaza, as death toll from Israel's assault reportedly hits 53,000"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/israel-hamas-gaza-war-trump-says-people-starving/). *CBS News*. May 16, 2025.
440. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_'real_starvation,'_Trump_says,_July_28,_2025_445-0)**
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441. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Guardian,_does_not_endorse_Netanyahu's_claim_there_is_no_starvation,_July_28,_2025_446-0)**
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442. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC,_Israel_faces_new_pressure_over_hospital_strikes,_August_27,_2025_447-0)**
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443. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-448)**
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444. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-449)**
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445. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Israel-Hamas_ceasefire,_Oct_9,_2025_450-0)**
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Rahman, Khaleda (October 13, 2025). ["Donald Trump's Frequent Critics Sing His Praise"](https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-frequent-critics-sing-praise-gaza-peace-deal-10868368). *[Newsweek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek "Newsweek")*. Retrieved October 24, 2025.
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449. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025_454-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_U.S._base_in_Idaho,_Oct_10,_2025_454-1)
["Hegseth announces Qatar will build air force facility at U.S. base in Idaho"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hegseth-qatar-air-force-facility-us-base-idaho/). *CBS News*. October 10, 2025.
450. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025_455-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_executive_order_vowing_to_defend_Qatar,_Oct_1,_2025_455-1) ["Trump signs an executive order vowing to defend Qatar in the wake of Israel's strike,"](https://abcnews.go.com/amp/International/wireStory/trump-signs-executive-order-vowing-defend-qatar-wake-126115827) ABC News, October 1, 2025. President Trump's executive order also stated, "In the event of such an attack, the United States shall take all lawful and appropriate measures â including diplomatic, economic, and, if necessary, military â to defend the interests of the United States and of the state of Qatar and to restore peace and stability."
451. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-456)**
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452. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-457)**
["Rubio says Syria must hold accountable 'perpetrators of massacres'"](https://www.voanews.com/a/rubio-says-syria-must-hold-accountable-perpetrators-of-massacres-/8004267.html). *VOA News*. March 9, 2025.
453. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Ghinwa_Obeid_458-0)**
["Trump says US 'exploring' normalizing Syria relations after meeting al-Sharaa in Riyadh"](https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2025/05/14/trump-says-normalization-of-us-relations-with-syria-have-begun). *Al Arabiya English*. May 14, 2025. Retrieved May 16, 2025.
454. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Gram_Slattery_et_al._459-0)**
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455. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-460)**
["Donald Trump ruffles feathers with mediation offer to ease India-China tension"](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/donald-trump-ruffles-feathers-with-offer-to-help-ties-between-india-and-china/article69220597.ece). *The Hindu*. February 15, 2025.
456. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-461)**
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509. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-515)**
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510. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Secretary_of_state_says_83%25,_March_10,_2025_516-0)**
Caroline Linton (March 10, 2025). ["Secretary of state says 83% of USAID programs are being canceled"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/secretary-of-state-usaid-programs-canceled/). *CBS News*.
511. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025_517-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_DOGE_removes_details,_Mar_26,_2025_517-1)
Ingram; Kates; Ruetenik (March 26, 2025). ["DOGE removes details on canceled USAID contracts from its online "wall of receipts""](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/doge-usaid-contracts-details-removed-wall-of-receipts/). *CBS News, please see 5th paragraph and last paragraph*.
512. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Reuters,_Trump_administration_moves,_April_8,_2025_518-0)**
["Exclusive: Trump administration moves to restore some terminated foreign aid programs, sources say"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-administration-moves-restore-some-terminated-foreign-aid-programs-sources-2025-04-08/). *Reuters*. April 8, 2025.
513. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_USAID_reverses_course,_April_9,_2025_519-0)**
Jennifer Hansler (April 9, 2025). ["USAID reverses course and restores some humanitarian aid contracts after WFP warning of possible deadly consequences"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/08/politics/trump-admin-aid-yemen-afghanistan/index.html). *CNN*.
514. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025_520-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS,_Trump's_request_to_cancel_billions,_July_15,_2025_520-1)
["Senate advances Trump's request to cancel billions in foreign aid, NPR and PBS funding"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-rescissions-package-foreign-aid-npr-pbs-funding/). *CBS*. July 15, 2025. "The rescissions request would cut \$8.3 billion for the United States Agency for International Development, or USAID, along with other international assistance programs â from peacekeeping efforts to refugee assistance and climate projects."
515. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025_521-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Senate_to_vote_to_formalize,_July_14,_2025_521-1) ["Senate to vote to formalize DOGE cuts to public broadcasting, USAID"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/senate-formalize-cuts-public-broadcast-usaid-weeks-end/story?id=123741614), *ABC News*, July 14, 2025. In a post on July 10, President Trump said, "It is very important that all Republicans adhere to my Recissions Bill and, in particular, DEFUND THE CORPORATION FOR PUBLIC BROADCASTING (PBS and NPR), which is worse than CNN & MSDNC put together. Any Republican that votes to allow this monstrosity to continue broadcasting will not have my support or Endorsement. Thank you for your attention to this matter!"
516. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NBC,_Trump's_cuts_clear_Congress,_July_17,_2025_522-0)**
["Trump's cuts to NPR, PBS and foreign aid clear Congress"](https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/trumps-cuts-npr-pbs-foreign-aid-pass-congress-rcna219296). *NBC*. July 17, 2025.
517. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-523)**
Jonathan Landay; Daphne Psaledakis (March 28, 2025). ["Remaining USAID staff fired, Trump says Myanmar will still get earthquake aid"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/state-department-notified-congress-intent-reorganize-usaid-rubio-says-2025-03-28/). *Reuters*.
518. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-524)**
["Jamaica relief efforts continue in aftermath of Hurricane Melissa"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/jamaica-relief-efforts-continue-aftermath-of-hurricane-melissa/). *CBS News*. November 1, 2025.
519. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-525)**
["State Department touts foreign assistance during Hurricane Melissa without USAID"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/state-department-touts-foreign-assistance-hurricane-melissa-usaid/story?id=127361232). *ABC News*. November 10, 2025.
520. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-526)**
["USCIS Officially Pauses Uniting for Ukraine (U4U) Applications and Ukrainian Re-Parole until Further Notice"](https://ukrainetaskforce.org/uscis-officially-pauses-new-uniting-for-ukraine-u4u-applications-until-further-notice/). *Ukraine immigration task force*. January 28, 2025. Retrieved February 24, 2025.
521. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-527)**
["U.S. pauses immigration applications for certain migrants welcomed under Biden"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-pauses-immigration-applications-for-certain-migrants-welcomed-under-biden/). *CBS News*. February 19, 2025.
522. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_First_group_of_49_white_South_Africans,_May_11,_2025_528-0)**
Gerald Imray, Associated Press (May 11, 2025). ["First group of 49 white South Africans leaves for the US after Trump offered them refugee status"](https://abcnews.go.com/amp/US/wireStory/group-49-white-south-africans-leaves-us-after-121696684). *ABC News*.
523. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN_News,_Afghan_pilots_who_fought_in_20-year_war_against_Taliban_in_limbo,_March_28,_2025_529-0)**
Sophia Saifi (March 28, 2025). ["Afghan pilots who fought in 20-year war against Taliban in limbo after Trump blocks US resettlement plans"](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/28/asia/afghanistan-war-pilots-limbo-us-resettlement-intl-hnk-dst). *CNN News*.
524. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025_530-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-The_Hill,_Trump_administration_ends_protections_from_deportation_for_Afghans,_May_12,_2025_530-1)
Rebecca Beitsch (May 12, 2025). ["Trump administration ends protections from deportation for Afghans"](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/5295656-trump-administration-lifts-afghan-deportation/amp/). *The Hill*.
525. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Fox_News,_'Afghans_for_Trump'_group_feels_abandoned,_May_16,_2025_531-0)**
Morgan Phillips (May 16, 2025). ["'Afghans for Trump' group feels abandoned after administration revokes refugee protections"](https://www.foxnews.com/politics/afghans-trump-group-feels-abandoned-after-administration-revokes-refugee-protections.amp). *Fox News*.
526. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-532)**
Sanger, David E.; Friedman, Lisa (December 23, 2024). ["Trump's Wish to Control Greenland and Panama Canal: Not a Joke This Time"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/23/us/politics/trump-greenland-panama-canal.html). *The New York Times*.
527. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-533)**
DeYoung, Karen (February 28, 2025). ["Trump revives Monroe Doctrine in U.S. relations with Western Hemisphere"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2025/02/28/trump-latin-america-monroe-doctrine/). *The Washington Post*.
528. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-534)**
Ensing, Chris. ["Global tariffs gave Canada unexpected advantage. How Trump's pause narrows Windsor's silver lining \| CBC News"](https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/trump-tariffs-canada-unexpected-advantage-1.7507240). *CBC*. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
529. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-535)**
Tasker, John Paul (March 12, 2025). ["Canada hits U.S. with tariffs on \$29.8B worth of goods after Trump slaps levy on metals"](https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-retaliatory-tariffs-1.7481258). *CBC*. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
530. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-536)**
["Canada announces entry into force of countermeasures against auto imports from the United States"](https://www.canada.ca/en/department-finance/news/2025/04/canada-announces-entry-into-force-of-countermeasures-against-auto-imports-from-the-united-states.html). *www.canada.ca*. [Department of Finance Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Finance_Canada "Department of Finance Canada"). April 8, 2025. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
531. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-537)**
Egan, Matt; Newton, Paula (December 13, 2024). ["Canadian official threatens to cut off energy to the United States"](https://www.cnn.com/2024/12/13/business/canadian-us-energy/index.html). *CNN Business*. [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"). Retrieved December 24, 2024.
532. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-538)**
McKendrick, Devon (April 14, 2025). ["'Help us build trade corridors': Manitoba shifting hydro energy for the U.S. to be used in Canada"](https://www.ctvnews.ca/winnipeg/article/help-us-build-trade-corridors-manitoba-shifting-hydro-energy-for-the-us-to-be-used-in-canada/). *CTVNews*. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
533. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-p983_539-0)**
Hurley, Bevan (February 25, 2025). ["Canada should be expelled from Five Eyes, Trump aide suggests"](https://www.thetimes.com/us/news-today/article/canada-should-be-expelled-from-five-eyes-trump-aide-suggests-7n599nclj). *The Times*. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
534. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-d293_540-0)**
Durkee, Alison (February 9, 2025). ["Trump Confirms He's Serious About Wanting Canada As 51st State"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2025/02/09/trump-confirms-hes-serious-about-wanting-canada-as-51st-state/). *Forbes*. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
535. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-541)**
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536. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-s944_542-0)**
["Justin Trudeau caught on hot mic reportedly saying Trump's talk of making Canada a U.S. state is 'a real thing'"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/justin-trudeau-on-hot-mic-reportedly-trump-talk-canada-us-state-a-real-thing/). *CBS News*. February 8, 2025. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
537. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-u378_543-0)**
Walschots, Michael (February 28, 2025). ["'Buying Canadian' is an opportunity to reflect on the ethics of consumerism"](https://theconversation.com/buying-canadian-is-an-opportunity-to-reflect-on-the-ethics-of-consumerism-249830). *The Conversation*. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
538. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-t749_544-0)**
Maimann, Kevin (February 13, 2025). ["From booing to singing, crowds keep drowning out anthems at Canadian sporting events"](https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/drowning-out-anthems-1.7458441). *CBC*. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
539. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-g713_545-0)**
Thanthong-Knight, Randy; Platt, Brian (March 4, 2025). ["Trump's Goal in Trade War Is to Annex Canada, Trudeau Says"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-03-04/trump-s-goal-in-trade-war-is-to-annex-canada-trudeau-says). *Bloomberg.com*. Retrieved March 5, 2025.
540. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-546)**
Cameron, Chris; Isai, Vjosa (February 8, 2026). ["Trump Threatens to Block Opening of New Bridge to Canada"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/09/us/politics/trump-gordie-howe-bridge-canada.html). *[New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times "New York Times")*. Retrieved February 9, 2026.
541. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-547)**
Wendler, Jacob (February 9, 2026). ["Trump threatens to block opening of new Michigan-Canada bridge"](https://www.politico.com/news/2026/02/09/trump-threatens-to-block-opening-of-new-michigan-canada-bridge-00772582). *POLITICO*. Retrieved February 10, 2026.
542. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-548)**
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list "Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list"))
543. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-549)**
["US House votes against Canada tariffs in rare rebuke to Trump"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-backs-bid-end-canada-tariffs-rare-rebuke-trump-2026-02-11/).
544. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-550)**
["US House backs resolution against Trump's Canada tariffs in a rare split - BusinessToday"](https://www.businesstoday.in/world/us/story/us-house-backs-resolution-against-trumps-canada-tariffs-in-a-rare-split-515768-2026-02-12). *Business Today*. February 12, 2026. Retrieved February 12, 2026.
545. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-551)**
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546. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-552)**
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547. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-553)**
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548. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-554)**
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550. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Davies-2025_556-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Davies-2025_556-1)
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552. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-558)**
JĂžrgensen, Steen A. (January 17, 2025). ["Politikere har vĂŠret til nyt hastemĂžde om Trump og GrĂžnland"](https://jyllands-posten.dk/politik/ECE17817853/politikere-har-vaeret-til-nyt-hastemoede-om-trump-og-groenland/). *[Jyllands-Posten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyllands-Posten "Jyllands-Posten")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250117155746/https://jyllands-posten.dk/politik/ECE17817853/politikere-har-vaeret-til-nyt-hastemoede-om-trump-og-groenland/) from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
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Mortensen, Mikkel Walentin (January 17, 2025). ["Mens verden holder vejret, forbereder danske virksomheder sig pÄ Trumps trusler"](https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2025-01-16-mens-verden-holder-vejret-forbereder-danske-virksomheder-sig-paa-trumps-trusler). [TV 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_2_\(Danish_TV_channel\) "TV 2 (Danish TV channel)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250117160019/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/business/2025-01-16-mens-verden-holder-vejret-forbereder-danske-virksomheder-sig-paa-trumps-trusler) from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
554. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-560)**
Hansted, Morten (January 17, 2025). ["Danmark i "historisk uhĂžrt" krise: â Alarmtilstanden gĂ„r kun Ă©n vej, og det er op"](https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2025-01-17-danmark-i-historisk-uhoert-krise-alarmtilstanden-gaar-kun-en-vej-og-det-er-op). [TV 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_2_\(Danish_TV_channel\) "TV 2 (Danish TV channel)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250117155039/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/2025-01-17-danmark-i-historisk-uhoert-krise-alarmtilstanden-gaar-kun-en-vej-og-det-er-op) from the original on January 17, 2025. Retrieved January 17, 2025.
555. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-561)**
Meville, Doug (February 12, 2025). ["New Bill proposes Greenland be renamed to "Red, White, and Blueland". Say What?"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dougmelville/2025/02/12/new-bill-proposes-greenland-be-renamed-red-white-and-blueland-is-this-the-next-gulf-of-america/). *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")*. Retrieved February 26, 2025.
556. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-dab_562-0)**
["Eksperter: USA fÞrer hybridkrig mod GrÞnland"](https://borsen.dk/nyheder/politik/eksperter-er-ikke-i-tvivl-usa-forer-hybridkrig-i-gronland) \[Experts: The USA is waging hybrid warfare against Greenland\]. *[Dagbladet BÞrsen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagbladet_B%C3%B8rsen "Dagbladet BÞrsen")*. Retrieved January 9, 2026. "Det er decideret hybrid krigsfÞrelse, nÄr amerikanerne forsÞger at kÞbe sig til et valgresultat i GrÞnland, vurderer to eksperter. Det lyder ganske problematisk: en allieret, der fÞrer aktiv hybridkrig mod en anden allieret. Det er ikke desto mindre den virkelighed, Danmark og GrÞnland befinder sig i, nÄr USA tager en bred vifte af metoder i brug for at lÊgge pres pÄ RigsfÊllesskabet." \[It clearly amounts to hybrid warfare when the Americans try to buy their way to an election result in Greenland, two experts assess. It sounds quite problematic: an ally conducting active hybrid warfare against another ally. Nevertheless, this is the reality that Denmark and Greenland find themselves in when the United States employs a broad range of methods to exert pressure on the Realm.\]
557. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-mefr_563-0)**
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558. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-politico_564-0)**
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559. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-565)**
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560. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-566)**
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561. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-567)**
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643. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-649)**
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653. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-SAM_LLC_USASpending_659-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-SAM_LLC_USASpending_659-1)
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655. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ProPublica_Nov_14,_2025_661-6)
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658. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-664)**
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659. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-665)**
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660. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-666)**
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661. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-667)**
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663. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-669)**
[Fahrenthold, David A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_A._Fahrenthold "David A. Fahrenthold") (November 18, 2025). ["Trump Library Foundation Expects to Raise \$50 Million This Year"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/18/us/politics/trump-library-foundation-expects-to-raise-50-million-this-year.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
664. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-670)**
["Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Secures \$200 Billion in New U.S.-UAE Deals and Accelerates Previously Committed \$1.4 Trillion UAE Investment"](http://web.archive.org/web/20260219074603/https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-200-billion-in-new-u-s-uae-deals-and-accelerates-previously-committed-1-4-trillion-uae-investment/). *[whitehouse.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehouse.gov "Whitehouse.gov")*. May 15, 2025. Archived from [the original](https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/05/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-secures-200-billion-in-new-u-s-uae-deals-and-accelerates-previously-committed-1-4-trillion-uae-investment/) on February 19, 2026.
665. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-671)**
[Swan, Jonathan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Swan "Jonathan Swan"); Nereim, Vivian; Naar, Ismaeel; [Sanger, David E.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_E._Sanger "David E. Sanger"); [Broadwater, Luke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke_Broadwater "Luke Broadwater") (May 12, 2025). ["Trump Heads to the Middle East Focused on Business Deals, Not Diplomacy"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/us/politics/trump-middle-east-visit-saudi-arabia-qatar-uae.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
666. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-672)**
[Lipton, Eric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Lipton "Eric Lipton"); Yaffe-Bellany, David; Hope, Bradley; Mickle, Tripp; Mozur, Paul (September 15, 2025). ["Anatomy of Two Giant Deals: The U.A.E. Got Chips. The Trump Team Got Crypto Riches"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/15/us/politics/trump-uae-chips-witkoff-world-liberty.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
667. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-673)**
["TRUMP VANCE INAUGURAL COMMITTEE, INC. - committee overview"](https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00894162/). *[fec.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fec.gov "Fec.gov")*. November 15, 2024.
668. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-674)**
Kamisar, Ben (April 21, 2025). ["Major corporate interests and megadonors gave \$239 million to fund Trump's inauguration"](https://www.cnbc.com/2025/04/21/major-corporate-interests-and-megadonors-gave-239-million-to-fund-trumps-inauguration.html). *[CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC")*.
669. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-675)**
["Corporations, Billionaires Flood Inauguration With Cash To Buy Trump's Favor"](https://www.citizen.org/news/corporations-billionaires-flood-inauguration-with-cash-to-buy-trumps-favor/). *[Public Citizen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Citizen "Public Citizen")*. January 14, 2025. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
670. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-676)**
Kang, Cecilia; Mickle, Tripp; [Mac, Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Mac "Ryan Mac"); Yaffe-Bellany, David; Schleifer, Theodore (November 30, 2025). ["Silicon Valley's Man in the White House Is Benefiting Himself and His Friends"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/11/30/technology/david-sacks-white-house-profits.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
671. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-677)**
Green, Erica L.; Cameron, Chris (September 5, 2025). ["Trump Will Host G20 Summit in 2026 at His Doral Resort"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/05/us/politics/trump-g20-summit-miami.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
672. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-678)**
[@realDonaldTrump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/@realDonaldTrump "@realDonaldTrump") (January 6, 2026). ["Truth Details"](https://web.archive.org/web/20260110053018/https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115850817778602689). *[Truth Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truth_Social "Truth Social")*. Archived from [the original](https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/115850817778602689) on January 10, 2026. "I am pleased to announce that the Interim Authorities in Venezuela will be turning over between 30 and 50 MILLION Barrels of High Quality, Sanctioned Oil, to the United States of America. This Oil will be sold at its Market Price, and that money will be controlled by me, as President of the United States of America, to ensure it is used to benefit the people of Venezuela and the United States! I have asked Energy Secretary Chris Wright to execute this plan, immediately. It will be taken by storage ships, and brought directly to unloading docks in the United States. Thank you for your attention to this matter\!"
673. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-679)**
[Hulse, Carl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hulse "Carl Hulse") (January 7, 2026). ["Trump's Claim to Venezuelan Oil Money Draws Scrutiny in Congress"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/07/us/politics/congress-trump-venezuela-oil-constitution.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
674. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-680)**
Isidore, Chris; Cancryn, Adam (January 15, 2026). ["Why the Trump administration is holding millions of dollars from Venezuelan oil sales in a Qatari bank \| CNN Business"](https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/15/business/qatar-venezuela-oil-sale-account). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*.
675. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-681)**
Talcott, Shelby; Mueller, Eleanor (January 14, 2026). ["US gets first \$500 million Venezuelan oil deal, holding some proceeds in Qatar"](https://www.semafor.com/article/01/14/2026/us-gets-first-500-million-venezuelan-oil-deal-holding-some-proceeds-in-qatar). *[Semafor (website)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semafor_\(website\) "Semafor (website)")*.
676. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-682)**
[Benen, Steve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Benen "Steve Benen") (January 29, 2026). ["Rubio sparks new questions by admitting funds from oil sales are going into Qatari account"](https://www.ms.now/rachel-maddow-show/maddowblog/venezuela-oil-sales-qatar-bank-account-marco-rubio). *[MS NOW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_NOW "MS NOW")*.
677. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-683)**
Faturechi, Robert; Roberts, Brandon (May 14, 2025). ["U.S. AG Pam Bondi Sold More than \$1 Million in Trump Media Stock the Day Trump Announced Sweeping Tariffs"](https://www.propublica.org/article/pam-bondi-trump-media-stock-tariffs). *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")*.
678. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-684)**
Nover, Scott (January 16, 2026). ["Trump bought \$1M in Netflix, Warner Bros. bonds after merger announcement"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2026/01/16/trump-bought-1m-netflix-warner-bros-bonds-after-merger-announcement/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*.
679. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-685)**
Friedman, Lisa (January 20, 2026). ["Democrats Seek Investigation of \$3.5 Million Deal by Interior Official's Husband"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/20/climate/nevada-mine-interior-department-karen-budd-falen-water-investigation.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
680. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-686)**
Yourish, Karen; [Vogel, Kenneth P.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_P._Vogel "Kenneth P. Vogel"); Smart, Charlie (December 22, 2025). ["Hundreds of Big Post-Election Donors Have Benefited From Trump's Return to Office"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/12/22/us/politics/trump-donors-fundraising-benefits.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
681. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-687)**
Duehren, Andrew (January 30, 2026). ["Trump's Lawsuit Against I.R.S. Creates 'Enormous Conflict of Interest'"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/30/us/politics/trump-lawsuit-irs-taxes.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*.
682. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-688)**
["U.S. Department of the Treasury Announces Intent to Launch Fast Track Pilot Program for Foreign Investors"](https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0136). *[Treasury.gov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasury.gov "Treasury.gov")*. May 8, 2025.
683. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake_689-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-WSJ_-_Secret_Stake_689-1)
Kessler, Sam; [Ballhaus, Rebecca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebecca_Ballhaus "Rebecca Ballhaus"); Brown, Eliot; Berwick, Angus (February 1, 2026). ["'Spy Sheikh' Bought Secret Stake in Trump Company"](https://www.wsj.com/politics/policy/spy-sheikh-secret-stake-trump-crypto-tahnoon-ea4d97e8). *[The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal")*.
684. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-690)**
Vogel, Kenneth P.; Jewett, Christina (January 27, 2026). ["After Donations, Trump Administration Revoked Rule Requiring More Nursing Home Staff"](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/01/27/us/politics/after-donations-trump-administration-revoked-rule-requiring-more-nursing-home-staff.html). *The New York Times*.
685. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-691)**
Landay, Jonathan; Gillison, Douglas (February 13, 2026). ["Exclusive: White House uses USAID funds for budget director Vought's security, documents show"](https://www.reuters.com/world/us/white-house-uses-usaid-funds-budget-director-voughts-security-documents-show-2026-02-13/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*.
686. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-692)**
Stone, Peter (May 25, 2025). ["'Roadmap for corruption': Trump dive into cryptocurrency raises ethics alarm"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/may/25/trump-crypto-corruption-ethics). *The Guardian*.
687. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-693)**
Goodman, Jasper (January 18, 2025). ["Trump launches crypto meme coin, ballooning net worth ahead of inauguration"](https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/18/trump-crypto-meme-coin-inauguration-00199157). *Politico*. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
688. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-694)**
Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David (January 19, 2025). ["Trump's Cryptocurrency Surges to Become One of the World's Most Valuable"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/19/us/politics/trump-cryptocurrency-surges.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved January 19, 2025.
689. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-695)**
Romm, Tony (January 19, 2025). ["Trump promotes meme coin, raising ethics issues as value soars"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/19/trump-meme-coin-crypto/). *The Washington Post*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0190-8286](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286). Retrieved January 19, 2025.
690. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-696)**
Lipton, Eric; Yaffe-Bellany, David (May 12, 2025). ["Auction to Dine With Trump Creates Foreign Influence Opportunity"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/us/politics/trump-crypto-coin-auction.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved May 18, 2025.
691. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-697)**
Steer, George (June 14, 2025). ["Donald Trump discloses \$57mn earnings from crypto venture"](https://www.ft.com/content/1508d831-60bb-4287-9c76-da7d730cf584). *Financial Times*.
692. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-698)**
Lubin, Rhian (June 15, 2025). ["Trump's made over \$50 million from stake in crypto firm"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-financial-disclosure-crypto-merchandise-b2770217.html). *The Independent*.
693. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-699)**
Yaffe-Bellany, David; Vogel, Kenneth P. (May 12, 2025). ["Trump Family Bitcoin Company Announces Plan to Go Public"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/12/business/trump-american-bitcoin-crypto.html). *The New York Times*. [ProQuest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest "ProQuest") [3202859086](https://www.proquest.com/docview/3202859086). Retrieved May 18, 2025.
694. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_20250912_700-0)**
Sanger, David (September 12, 2025). ["Trump Downplays Violence on the Right and Says the Left Is the Problem"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/12/us/politics/trump-charlie-kirk-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250914051517/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/12/us/politics/trump-charlie-kirk-shooting.html) from the original on September 14, 2025.
695. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-701)**
Green, Erica L.; Kanno-Youngs, Zolan; Haberman, Maggie (March 20, 2025). ["How Trump Is Trying to Consolidate Power Over Courts, Congress and More"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/20/us/politics/trump-power-courts-crisis.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved March 20, 2025. "President Trump's expansive interpretation of presidential power has become the defining characteristic of his second term."
696. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Time_and_Cato_702-0)**
Schneid, Rebecca (September 16, 2025). ["Trump Called for a Crackdown on the 'Radical Left.' But Right-Wing Extremists Are Responsible for More Political Violence"](https://time.com/7317383/political-violence-america-trump-crackdown-right/). *time.com*. Time magazine. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250918205014/https://time.com/7317383/political-violence-america-trump-crackdown-right/) from the original on September 18, 2025.
â For data, Schneid cites
Nowrasteh, Alex (September 11, 2025). ["Politically Motivated Violence Is Rare in the United States"](https://www.cato.org/blog/politically-motivated-violence-rare-united-states). The Cato Institute. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250917050147/https://www.cato.org/blog/politically-motivated-violence-rare-united-states) from the original on September 17, 2025.
Table 2.
697. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-AP_20250914_703-0)**
Riccardi, Nicholas (September 14, 2025). ["Blame game after acts of political violence can lead to further attacks, experts warn"](https://apnews.com/article/charlie-kirk-political-violence-shootings-utah-7b4e9b662932943a77635a0f8e839270). *AP News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250915125254/https://apnews.com/article/charlie-kirk-political-violence-shootings-utah-7b4e9b662932943a77635a0f8e839270) from the original on September 15, 2025.
698. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-704)**
Mazaetti, Mark; Swan, Jonathan; Haberman, Maggie; Schmidt, Michael S. (January 28, 2025). ["In Exacting Retribution, Trump Aims at the Future as Well as the Past"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/27/us/politics/trump-politics-enemies-pompeo-fauci.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved January 28, 2025. "In his first week in office, President Trump made clear that his promises to exact revenge on his perceived enemies were not empty campaign pledges â and that his retribution is intended not just to impose punishment for the past but also to intimidate anyone who might cross him in the future."
699. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Collinson_1282025_705-0)**
Collinson, Stephen (January 28, 2025). ["Trump sets about his retribution agenda with relish"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/28/politics/trump-retribution-agenda-analysis/index.html). *[CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN")*. Retrieved January 28, 2025. "The president is wasting no time in following through on his frequent campaign trail vows for retribution â with a torrent of purges and pardons."
700. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025_706-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Dreisbach_04282025_706-1)
Dreisbach, Tom (April 28, 2025). ["Trump has used government powers to target more than 100 perceived enemies"](https://www.npr.org/2025/04/29/nx-s1-5327518/donald-trump-100-days-retribution-threats). *[NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR")*. Retrieved April 29, 2025. "In the first 100 days of his second term, President Trump has moved aggressively to fulfill his promise of retribution against an extraordinary range of individuals and organizations, targeting political opponents, news organizations, former government officials, universities, international student protesters and law firms."
701. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Moynihan_707-0)**
Moynihan, Donald (July 10, 2025). ["Trump, Personalism, and US Administrative Capacity"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpolp.70059). *[Politics and Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_and_Policy "Politics and Policy")*. **53** (4) e70059. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/polp.70059](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fpolp.70059). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1555-5623](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-5623).
702. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Byron_1222025_1_708-0)**
Tau, Byron (January 22, 2025). ["White House would have many ways to upend lives of Trump's enemies"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-revenge-retribution-retaliation-cedc7c78a1b28e4d5956f1d8e57761b8). *[Associated Press News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News "Associated Press News")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20250122231021/https://apnews.com/article/trump-revenge-retribution-retaliation-cedc7c78a1b28e4d5956f1d8e57761b8) from the original on January 22, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.
703. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025_709-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Economist_04242025_709-1)
["Who will stop Donald Trump's drive for unchecked power?"](https://www.economist.com/united-states/2025/04/24/who-will-stop-donald-trumps-drive-for-unchecked-power). *The Economist*. April 24, 2025. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
704. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-710)**
[Savage, Charlie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Savage_\(author\) "Charlie Savage (author)") (February 5, 2025). ["Trump Brazenly Defies Laws in Escalating Executive Power Grab"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/05/us/trump-federal-law-power.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
705. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-711)**
Rein, Lisa (January 29, 2025). ["How Trump is stretching laws to make the federal government more political"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/01/29/trump-federal-government-laws-schedule-f/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
706. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-712)**
Pereira, Ivan (January 28, 2025). ["Trump funding freeze a blatant violation of Constitution, federal law: Legal experts"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-funding-freeze-blatant-violation-constitution-federal-law/story?id=118183957). *[ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)")*. Retrieved February 4, 2025.
707. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Vogel_&_Goldmacher_2025_713-0)**
[Vogel, Kenneth P.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_P._Vogel "Kenneth P. Vogel"); Goldmacher, Shane (March 19, 2025). ["With Orders, Investigations and Innuendo, Trump and G.O.P. Aim to Cripple the Left"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/19/us/politics/trump-republicans-attack-democrats-actblue.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved March 20, 2025.
708. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_01272025_714-0)**
Basu, Zachary; Lawler, Dave (January 27, 2025). ["Trump's bureaucracy goes to war"](https://www.axios.com/2025/01/27/trump-federal-eorkers-inspectors-general). *[Axios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_\(website\) "Axios (website)")*. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
709. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025_715-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Savage_04302025_715-1)
Savage, Charlie (April 30, 2025). ["Trump's Maximalist Assertion of Presidential Power Tests the Rule of Law"](https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/30/us/politics/trump-100-days-president-power-law.html). *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")*. Retrieved May 4, 2025. "The president, far more than in his first term, has cast aside a post-Watergate norm that the White House should stay out of law enforcement decisions. After years of baselessly accusing Barack Obama and Joseph R. Biden Jr. of directing investigations into him, he has made a reality the very weaponization of the Justice Department he once railed against."
710. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Cooper_09062025_716-0)**
Cooper, Jonathan J. (September 6, 2025). ["How Donald Trump is weaponizing the government to settle personal scores and pursue his agenda"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-weaponizing-government-second-term-54ab244ccb2328d116a498bbaeb680ef). *The Associated Press*. Retrieved September 7, 2025.
711. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Basu_07302025_717-0)**
Basu, Zachary (July 30, 2025). ["Trump's billion-dollar settlement spree"](https://www.axios.com/2025/07/30/trump-harvard-settlement-dei-lawsuit). *Axios*. Retrieved July 30, 2025. "America's most elite institutions have largely succumbed to the Trump administration's cultural crackdown, opting to pay up â often to the tune of tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars â rather than fight back."
712. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Lucas_2025_718-0)**
Lucas, Ryan (March 19, 2025). ["Experts say Trump's targeting of law firms is unprecedented"](https://www.npr.org/2025/03/19/nx-s1-5323890/experts-say-trumps-targeting-of-law-firms-is-unprecedented). *[All Things Considered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Things_Considered "All Things Considered")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
713. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Scarcella,_Merken_&_Sloan_2025_719-0)**
Scarcella, Mike; Merken, Sara; Sloan, Karen (March 21, 2025). ["Law firm Paul Weiss defends deal with Trump as lawyers sound alarm"](https://www.reuters.com/legal/trumps-deal-with-law-firm-paul-weiss-sparks-alarm-among-lawyers-2025-03-21/). *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025. "... marked an unprecedented attack on their ability to do business."
714. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Kanno-Youngs-2025_720-0)**
715. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-721)**
Danner, Chas (May 3, 2025). ["All the U.S. Citizens Who've Been Caught Up in Trump's Immigration Crackdown"](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/tracking-us-citizens-children-detained-deported-ice-trump-updates.html). *New York Magazine*. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
716. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Riccardi_2025_722-0)**
Riccardi, Nicholas (March 1, 2025). ["Trump's moves test the limits of presidential power and the resilience of US democracy"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-democracy-autocrats-authoritarian-constitution-threat-542ac437a58880e81c052f8f2df1643f). *[AP News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_News "AP News")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025. ""Trump is using the classic elected authoritarian playbook," said Brendan Nyhan of Dartmouth College, who joined more than 800 other political scientists in signing a letter warning that Trump is undermining the rule of law and the basic constitutional principle of checks and balances."
717. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-Targeting_of_political_opponents_and_civil_society_under_the_second_Trump_administration_Leingang-2025_723-0)**
Leingang, Rachel; Noor, Dharna (April 10, 2025). ["Fear spreads as Trump targets lawyers and non-profits in 'authoritarian' takedown"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/10/trump-administration-authoritarian). *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")*. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
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Mascaro, Lisa (April 18, 2025). ["Law firms, universities and now civil society groups are in Trump's sights for punitive action"](https://apnews.com/article/trump-tax-exempt-crew-environmental-groups-harvard-5e1e0ffacfa040ccdeaf4e43fb72b5fe). *[AP News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_News "AP News")*. Retrieved April 25, 2025.
719. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-725)**
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720. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-726)**
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Abels, Grace; Sherman, Amy (April 29, 2025). ["President Trump said he 'brought back free speech.' His first 100 days tell a different story"](https://www.politifact.com/article/2025/apr/29/donald-trump-free-speech-First-Amendment-100-days/). *PolitiFact*. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
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Hall, Daniel (April 24, 2025). ["Trump's aggressive actions against free speech speak a lot louder than his words defending it"](https://theconversation.com/trumps-aggressive-actions-against-free-speech-speak-a-lot-louder-than-his-words-defending-it-252706). *The Conversation*. Retrieved May 4, 2025.
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725. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-731)**
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726. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-732)**
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730. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-736)**
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731. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-737)**
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Klein, Betsy; Polantz, Katelyn; Cohen, Zachary (February 17, 2025). ["Trump appears to channel Napoleon in vision for executive authority: 'He who saves his Country does not violate any Law'"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/02/16/politics/trump-executive-authority-napoleon-post). *CNN*. Retrieved December 10, 2025.
742. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-748)**
["US judges alarmed over rise in violent threats as Trump and Musk lambast them"](https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/06/us-judges-threats-trump-musk). *The Guardian*. March 6, 2025. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). Retrieved December 10, 2025.
743. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-749)**
Hitchens, Antonia (April 21, 2025). ["How Trump Worship Took Hold in Washington"](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2025/04/28/how-trump-worship-took-hold-in-washington). *The New Yorker*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0028-792X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-792X). Retrieved December 10, 2025.
744. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-750)**
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745. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-751)**
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747. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:14_753-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:14_753-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:14_753-2)
Trouillard, Stéphanie (March 7, 2025). ["What parallels do historians see between the Trump administration and the Nazi regime?"](https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20250307-what-parallels-do-historians-see-between-the-trump-administration-and-the-nazi-regime). *France 24*. Retrieved December 10, 2025.
748. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-754)**
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749. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-755)**
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Bourgeois, Jano (January 12, 2026). ["Mieux diagnostiquer la dérive américaine pour mieux y résister"](https://www.ledevoir.com/opinion/libre-opinion/947235/mieux-diagnostiquer-derive-americaine-mieux-y-resister) \[To better diagnose the American drift to better tackle it\]. *Le Devoir*.
753. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:0_759-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:0_759-1)
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754. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC,_Trump_supporters_angry,_July_7,_2025_761-0)** ["Trump supporters angry over Justice Department's Epstein memo,"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-supporters-angry-justice-departments-epstein-memo/story?id=123567461) *ABC News*, July 7, 2025. President Trump said, "Are you still talking about Jeffrey Epstein? This guy's been talked about for years. You're asking. We have Texas, we have this. We have all of the things. And are people still talking about this guy, this creep? That is unbelievable. Do you want to waste the time? And do you feel like answering?"
755. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-ABC_News,_Senate_Republicans,_July_24,_2025_762-0)**
["'Get it all out': Senate Republicans grapple with Epstein case amid reports on Trump ties"](https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/senate-gop-grapple-epstein-case-amid-reports-trump/story?id=124040159). *ABC News*. July 24, 2025.
756. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CBS_News,_Epstein_Survivors_763-0)**
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757. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025_764-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-CNN,_files_push,_Sept_3,_2025_764-1)
["Epstein files push hits a 'boiling point' in Congress as Trump dismisses it as a hoax"](https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/03/politics/congress-epstein-files-victims-trump-hoax). *CNN*. September 3, 2025.
758. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-BBC,_Five_takeaways,_7_Oct_2025_765-0)** ["Five takeaways from Pam Bondi's tense, partisan Senate hearing,"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c75qpl70xvzo.amp), BBC News, October 7, 2025. Other takeaways include "1. Bondi goes on the attack," "2. Lots of questions, few answers," and "5. Republicans look back in anger."
759. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-766)**
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764. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-771)**
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765. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-772)**
["Trump signs bill directing DOJ to publicly release entire Epstein case file"](https://www.upi.com/amp/Top_News/US/2025/11/19/senate-finalizes-epstein-files-bill/6911763574202/). *UPI News*. November 20, 2025.
766. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_20161218_773-0)**
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Sandbu, Martin (January 30, 2025). ["Donald Trump's administrative self-coup"](https://www.ft.com/content/a221a10a-5ac2-47b6-ba8b-30e18553c181). *Financial Times*. Retrieved February 14, 2025. "This assault on both Congress's power of the purse and on the US's administrative state is as much of a self-coup as was the spurring of insurrectionists on January 6, 2021."
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773. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-NYTimes_CompositePolling_2025_780-0)**
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(Rattner credits: "Source: Gallup" and "Graphics by Sara Chodosh")
775. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:4_782-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-:4_782-1)
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Brenan, Megan (July 24, 2025). ["Independents Drive Trump's Approval to 37% Second-Term Low"](https://news.gallup.com/poll/692879/independents-drive-trump-approval-second-term-low.aspx). *Gallup*. Retrieved August 16, 2025.
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Palmer, Kathryn (August 15, 2025). ["Trump approval rating round-up: Where does president stand in recent polls?"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2025/08/15/trump-approval-rating-polls/85663008007/). *USA Today*. Retrieved August 16, 2025. "It's the latest in a string of national surveys released in the past month giving Trump record-low numbers, following a 37% approval from a July 7â21 Gallup poll and a 40% approval rating from a Reuters/Ispos poll at the end of the month. A historical analysis by Gallup shows Trump's approval ratings in the first July of both of his terms are lower than those of any other modern president."
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789. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-796)**
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793. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-800)**
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798. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-October_2025_No_Kings_protests_AJE_millions_no_kings_805-0)**
["Millions of US protesters hold anti-Trump 'No Kings' rallies"](https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/10/19/photos-millions-of-us-protesters-hold-anti-trump-no-kings-rallies). *[Al Jazeera English](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English "Al Jazeera English")*. October 19, 2025. [Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_\(identifier\) "WDQ (identifier)") [Q136533001](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136533001 "d:Q136533001"). [Archived](http://web.archive.org/web/20260210072214/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/10/19/photos-millions-of-us-protesters-hold-anti-trump-no-kings-rallies) from the original on February 10, 2026.
799. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-806)** [Millions rally against Trump at âNo Kingsâ protests across the US, organizers say. Hereâs why protesters say they attended](https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/19/us/protestors-voices-no-kings-trump) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251107232413/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/19/us/protestors-voices-no-kings-trump) November 7, 2025, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") CNN, Retrieved 8 November 2025
800. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-807)**
Morris, G. Elliott. ["Second "No Kings Day" protests the largest single-day political protest ever\*, with 5â6.5 million participants"](https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/second-no-kings-day-protests-likely). *G Elliott Morris*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20251020023546/https://www.gelliottmorris.com/p/second-no-kings-day-protests-likely) from the original on October 20, 2025. Retrieved October 20, 2025.
801. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump#cite_ref-808)**
["No Kings Coalition Responds to Escalating Brutality and Authoritarianism with Immediate Action and Future Mobilization; Condemns ICE's Deadly Actions"](https://www.nokings.org/news/no-kings-coalition-responds-to-escalating-brutality). *No Kings*. January 28, 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260202063818/https://www.nokings.org/news/no-kings-coalition-responds-to-escalating-brutality) from the original on February 2, 2026. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
External links |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump s443 |