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| Boilerpipe Text | Pulse nightclub shooting
The scene of the shooting
Location
28°31âČ10.5âłN
81°22âČ36.5âłW
ï»ż / ï»ż
28.519583°N 81.376806°W
Pulse nightclub
1912 S. Orange Avenue
Orlando, Florida
, U.S.
Date
June 12, 2016
; 9 years ago
02:02 a.m. â
05:14 a.m.
(
EDT
;
UTCâ04:00
)
Target
Patrons of
Pulse nightclub
(targeted as people of the United States and perceived
allies of
Â
Russia
)
[
a
]
[
1
]
[
2
]
Attack type
Mass shooting
mass murder
hostage-taking
domestic terrorism
shootout
Weapons
5.56 NATO
SIG Sauer MCX
semi-automatic rifle
9mm
Glock 17
semi-automatic pistol
.38 Special
Smith & Wesson revolver
(unused)
Deaths
50 (including the perpetrator)
Injured
58 (53 by gunfire)
[
3
]
Perpetrator
Omar Mateen
Motive
Attempt to demand an end to U.S. airstrikes that were
killing
women, children, and "a lot of innocent people" (in
Syria
and
Iraq
)
[
a
]
and retaliation for
U.S. killing
of
Abu Waheeb
.
[
1
]
[
4
]
Charges
Perpetrator's wife
Aiding and abetting
the commission of a
terrorist act
Obstruction of justice
Verdict
Perpetrator's wife
Not guilty on both charges
On
June 12
, 2016, 29-year-old
Omar Mateen
shot and killed 49 people and wounded 58 more in a
mass shooting
at
Pulse
, a
gay nightclub
in
Orlando, Florida
, United States. Pulse was hosting a "Latin Night", and most of the victims were of
Latino
descent.
In a
911
call made shortly after the shooting began, Mateen
swore allegiance
to the leader of
ISIS
,
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
, and said the U.S. killing of
Abu Waheeb
in Iraq the previous month "triggered" the shooting.
[
5
]
He later told a negotiator he was "out here right now" because of the American-led interventions
in Iraq
and
in Syria
and that the negotiator should tell the United States to stop the bombing. The incident was deemed a
terrorist attack
by
FBI
investigators.
Orlando Police officers
fatally shot Mateen after a three-hour standoff. The shooting was the deadliest
terrorist attack in the United States
since the
September 11 attacks
, and the
deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history
until the
2017 Las Vegas shooting
.
First shots and hostage situation
[
edit
]
On
June 11
, 2016, Pulse, a
gay nightclub
in Orlando, Florida, was hosting "Latin Night", a weekly Saturday night event drawing a primarily
Latino
crowd.
[
6
]
[
7
]
RuPaulâs Drag Race
contestant and drag queen
Kenya Michaels
is recorded to have been performing right as the shooting began (Michaels survived the shooting).
[
8
]
About 320 people were still inside the club, which was serving
last call
drinks at around
2:00 a.m.
EDT
on
June 12
.
[
9
]
[
10
]
At around the same time, Omar Mateen arrived at the club via rental van, parking it in the parking lot of a neighboring car shop.
[
3
]
[
11
]
He got out and walked toward the building armed with a
SIG Sauer MCX
[
12
]
semi-automatic rifle and a
9mm Glock 17
semi-automatic pistol.
[
13
]
[
14
]
[
15
]
[
16
]
He was wearing a green, blue, and white plaid dress shirt, a white T-shirt underneath, and tan cargo pants.
[
3
]
At
2:02 a.m.
, Mateen bypassed Officer Adam Gruler, a uniformed off-duty
Orlando Police Department
(OPD) officer working extra duty
[
17
]
[
18
]
as a security guard, entered the building through its southern entrance, and began shooting patrons.
[
3
]
[
9
]
[
10
]
[
19
]
Dozens were killed or severely injured inside the crowded nightclub, either directly or by ricochets.
[
3
]
[
20
]
Gruler took cover and called in a signal for assistance. He told a post-incident Police Foundation assessment team that he had immediately recognized that his handgun would be severely disadvantaged against the rifle Mateen was using.
[
3
]
When he witnessed Mateen shooting two patrons attempting to escape through an emergency exit, Gruler fired shots at him.
[
3
]
[
19
]
[
21
]
In response, Mateen withdrew back into the nightclub and continued shooting victims as he traversed through the building, sometimes firing into bodies without checking whether they were already dead.
[
3
]
When additional officers arrived at the nightclub beginning at 2:04Â a.m., Gruler shouted "[The gunman]'s in the patio!" and resumed firing at Mateen a minute later.
[
3
]
[
18
]
[
22
]
Two officers joined Gruler in engaging Mateen, who then retreated farther into the nightclub and "began a 'hostage situation'" in one of the bathrooms.
[
3
]
[
9
]
[
23
]
[
24
]
In less than five minutes, Mateen had fired approximately 200 rounds, pausing only to reload.
[
3
]
During the shooting, some of the people trapped inside the club sought help by calling or sending
text messages
to friends and relatives. Initially, some of them thought the gunshots were firecrackers or part of the music.
[
25
]
[
26
]
[
27
]
Imran Yousuf, a recently discharged
Marine Corps
veteran working as a nightclub bouncer, immediately recognized the sounds as gunfire, which he described as "high caliber." Yousuf then noticed a locked back door near where a group of people were hiding, all too paralyzed by fear to move to open it. He then ran to and unlatched the door behind them, allowing approximately 70 people to escape unharmed.
[
28
]
[
29
]
Many described a scene of panic and confusion caused by the loud music and darkness. One person shielded herself by hiding inside a bathroom and covering herself with bodies. A bartender said she took cover beneath the glass bar. At least one patron tried to help those who were hit.
[
30
]
According to a man trapped inside a bathroom with fifteen other patrons, Mateen fired sixteen times into the bathroom, through the closed door, killing at least two and wounding several others.
[
31
]
According to one of the hostages, Mateen entered a bathroom in the nightclub's northwest side and opened fire on the people hiding there, wounding several. The hostage, who had taken cover inside a stall with others, was injured by two bullets and struck with flying pieces of a wall hit by stray bullets. Shortly after entering the women's restroom, Mateen's rifle jammed. He then discarded the rifle and switched to his Glock 17 pistol.
[
32
]
[
33
]
[
34
]
Two survivors quoted Mateen as saying, "I don't have a problem with black people,"
[
35
]
[
36
]
and that he "wouldn't stop his assault until America stopped bombing his country."
[
37
]
Other survivors heard Mateen claim he had explosives as well as snipers stationed around the club.
[
38
]
Patrons trapped inside called or texted 911 to warn of the possible presence of explosives.
[
39
]
Over the next 45 minutes, about 100 officers from the OPD and the
Orange County Sheriff's Office
were dispatched to the scene.
[
24
]
Among the earliest
first responders
to arrive were a firefighter crew from
Fire Station 5
and two supporting firefighter paramedics from
Fire Station 7
. Eighty fire and
emergency medical services
personnel from the Orlando Fire Department were deployed during the entire incident.
[
40
]
At
2:09 a.m.
, several minutes after the gunfire began, the club posted on its
Facebook
page, "Everyone get out of pulse [
sic
] and keep running."
[
41
]
At
2:22 a.m.
, Mateen placed a
911
call, during which he mentioned the
Boston Marathon bombers
â
Tamerlan
and
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev
âas his "homeboys" and made a reference to
Moner Mohammad Abu Salha
, an American citizen who died in a suicide bombing in Syria in 2014.
[
24
]
[
42
]
[
43
]
Mateen said he was inspired by Abu Salha's death for the
Al-Nusra Front
targeting
Syrian government troops
(a mutual enemy of the two Salafist groups, despite their history of violence with each other), and
swore allegiance
[
44
]
to ISIS leader al-Baghdadi.
[
45
]
The FBI said that Mateen and Abu Salha had attended the same mosque and knew each other "casually."
[
46
]
Mateen made two other 911 calls during the shooting.
[
43
]
Numerous 911 calls were made by the patrons inside the nightclub around this time.
[
47
]
After the initial rounds of gunfire between Mateen and Gruler, six officers shot out a large glass window and followed the sound of shooting to the bathroom area. When Mateen stuck his head out from one of the bathrooms, at least two officers shot at him. After the gunfire stopped, they were ordered to hold position instead of storming the bathroom, according to one of the officers.
[
19
]
[
32
]
[
48
]
After about 15 to 20 minutes,
SWAT
arrived and had the officers withdraw as the officers were "not really in tactical gear." SWAT then took over the operation.
[
48
]
When asked why the officers did not proceed to the bathroom and engage Mateen, Orlando Police Chief
John Mina
said it was because Mateen "went from an active shooter to a barricaded gunman" and had hostages. He also noted, "If he had continued shooting, our officers would have went in there."
[
32
]
At that time, the last shot by Mateen was fired between
2:10 a.m.
and
2:18 a.m.
[
49
]
Rescues of people trapped inside the nightclub commenced and continued throughout the night. Because so many people were lying on the dance floor, one rescuing officer demanded, "If you're alive, raise your hand."
[
20
]
By
2:35 a.m.
, police had managed to extract nearly all of the injured from the nightclub. Those who remained included the hostages held by Mateen in the bathroom, as well as a dozen people who were hiding inside dressing rooms.
[
50
]
Phone calls and negotiations
[
edit
]
At
2:45 a.m.
, Mateen called
News 13
of Orlando and said, "I'm the shooter. It's me. I am the shooter." He then said he was carrying out the shooting on the behalf of ISIS and began speaking rapidly in Arabic.
[
51
]
[
52
]
Mateen also said the shooting was "triggered" by a U.S.-led bombing strike in Iraq that killed
Abu Waheeb
, an IS military commander, on
May 6
.
[
1
]
When speaking to the negotiator he first told them that he pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and then said:
"you have to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq. They are killing a lot of innocent people. What am I to do here when my people are getting killed over there?"
[
53
]
In response to their earlier questions he repeatedly demanded that the U.S. stop the bombings in Iraq and Syria, "...You have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing. They are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?"
[
2
]
[
54
]
His anger was directed at Russia as well as the United States.
[
2
]
When the negotiator asked about the immediate situation in Orlando, "Tell me what's going on right now, Omar?" Mateen again redirected the conversation to the ongoing situation in the Middle East, "Yo, the air strike that killed Abu Wahid a few weeks ago... That's what triggered it, okay?"
[
2
]
[
1
]
Multiple reports named
Abu Waheeb
â usually named as "Abu Wahid" â and described him as an ISIS leader, formerly belonging to
al Qaeda in Iraq
.
[
1
]
[
54
]
Abu Wahid was killed in airstrike on a vehicle on 6 May 2016 in
Rutba
, the strike also killed 3 other people, whom the pentagon claimed were also "ISIL jihadists".
[
55
]
[
56
]
Only transcripts were released; the audio was withheld.
[
57
]
The
U.S. Department of Justice
initially released partial transcripts that omitted some details, they claimed that this was because they wanted to avoid providing a public platform for "hateful propaganda".
[
58
]
The press release did not specify that the entities that the propaganda message was directed against were the
U.S. Air Force
and
Russian Air Force
.
[
58
]
[
2
]
Earlier versions specifically omitted the name of ISIS leader
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
, and said "(speaking in another language)" in place of the
Basmala
: "In the name of God the Merciful, the beneficent", but these were included in a later update.
[
58
]
[
2
]
[
59
]
A
crisis negotiator
was present as Mateen was held up inside and holding hostages.
[
60
]
[
61
]
Officers initially believed he was armed with a "suspicious device" that posed a threat, but it was later revealed to be a battery that fell out of an exit sign or smoke detector.
[
62
]
Police hostage negotiators spoke with Mateen by telephone three times between
2:48 a.m.
and
3:27 a.m.
[
63
]
He claimed during one of the calls that he had bombs strapped to his body.
[
60
]
[
63
]
He also claimed that he "had a vehicle in the parking lot with enough explosives to take out city blocks."
[
20
]
At
3:58 a.m.
, the OPD publicly announced the shooting and confirmed multiple injuries.
[
24
]
At
4:21 a.m.
, eight of the hostages escaped after police had removed an air conditioning unit from an exterior wall.
[
24
]
[
63
]
At approximately
4:29 a.m.
, Mateen told negotiators that he planned to strap explosive vests, similar to those used in the
November 2015 Paris attacks
, to four hostages, strategically place them in different corners of the building, and detonate them in 15 minutes.
[
3
]
[
39
]
[
60
]
OPD officers then decided to end negotiations and prepared to blow their way in.
[
24
]
[
25
]
[
60
]
At around
2:30 a.m.
, Mateen's wifeâafter receiving a call from her mother at approximately
2:00 a.m.
asking where her husband wasâsent a text message to Mateen asking where he was. Mateen texted back asking her if she had seen the news. After she replied, "No?," Mateen responded, "I love you, babe." According to one source, she texted him back at one point saying that she loved him. She also called him several times during the standoff, but he did not answer. She found out about what was happening at
4:00 a.m.
after the police told her to come out of her house with her hands up.
[
64
]
[
65
]
A survivor of the shooting recalled Mateen saying he wanted the United States to "stop bombing his country."
[
66
]
[
67
]
The FBI said Mateen "told a negotiator to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq and that was why he was 'out here right now.
'
"
[
63
]
During the siege, Mateen made Internet searches on the shooting, while police dispatched a tactical robot to discreetly enter the restroom and allow them to communicate with hostages via two-way audio.
[
3
]
Rescue and resolution
[
edit
]
Orange County Sheriff's Office body-camera footage, showing police responding to the massacre.
Pulse nightclub exterior, with holes made by the
BearCat
and bullet holes
The FBI reported that no shots were heard between the time Mateen stopped exchanging gunfire with the first responders and
5:02 a.m.
, when Orlando police began breaching the building's wall.
[
63
]
Just before the breach, Mateen entered a women's bathroom where the hostages were hiding and opened fire, killing a man who sacrificed his life to save the woman behind him and at least one other, according to witnesses.
[
32
]
[
33
]
At
5:05 a.m.
, the police said a
bomb squad
had set off a
controlled explosion
.
[
24
]
[
68
]
At
5:07 a.m.
, fourteen SWAT officersâafter failing to blow open a big enough hole in the bathroom's exterior wall using a bomb due to the wall's structure
[
3
]
âsuccessfully breached the building when a policeman drove a
BearCat
armored vehicle through a wall in the northern bathroom. They then used two
flashbangs
to distract Mateen, and shot at him.
[
19
]
[
41
]
[
50
]
[
69
]
[
70
]
The breach drew Mateen out into the hallway, and at
5:14 a.m.
, he engaged the officers. He was shot eight times and killed in the resulting shootout, which involved at least eleven officers who fired about 150 bullets.
[
50
]
[
69
]
[
71
]
[
72
]
[
73
]
He was reported "down" at
5:17 a.m.
[
69
]
His autopsy report revealed that he was not drunk during the shooting, and he was hit once in the head, three times in the torso, and four times in the legs.
[
74
]
At
5:53 a.m.
, the Orlando police posted on
Twitter
, "Pulse Shooting: The shooter inside the club is dead."
[
24
]
Thirty hostages were freed during the police operation.
[
19
]
[
75
]
The survivors were searched by police for guns and explosives.
[
39
]
Forty-nine people died in the incident, plus Mateen, and another 58 were injured, 53 by gunfire and five by other causes. Some survivors were critically injured.
[
3
]
[
20
]
[
76
]
Thirty-nine, including Mateen, were pronounced dead at the scene, and eleven at local hospitals.
[
30
]
[
41
]
Of the thirty-eight victims to die at the scene, twenty died on the stage area and dance floor, nine in the nightclub's northern bathroom, four in the southern bathroom, three on the stage, one at the front lobby, and one out on a patio.
[
20
]
[
34
]
At least five of the dead were not killed during the initial volley of gunfire by Mateen, but during the hostage situation in the bathroom.
[
50
]
Pulse was hosting a Latin Night; over 90% of the victims were of
Hispanic
background, and half of those were of
Puerto Rican descent
.
[
77
]
[
78
]
Four
Dominican
and three
Mexican
nationals were also among the dead.
[
79
]
[
80
]
An off-duty
United States Army Reserve
captain at the club who was not in uniform was also killed.
[
81
]
[
82
]
The attack was the deadliest mass shooting by a single shooter in United States history, until the
2017 Las Vegas shooting
[
83
]
[
84
]
[
85
]
[
86
]
[
87
]
It is also the deadliest incident of violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in the history of the United Statesâsurpassing the 1973
UpStairs Lounge arson attack
[
88
]
âand the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States since the
September 11 attacks
in 2001.
[
30
]
[
89
]
[
90
]
The names and ages of the victims killed were confirmed by the City of Orlando after their
next of kin
had been notified:
[
91
]
[
92
]
Stanley Almodovar III, 23
Amanda Alvear, 25
Oscar A. Aracena-Montero, 26
Rodolfo Ayala-Ayala, 33
Alejandro Barrios Martinez, 21
Martin Benitez Torres, 33
Antonio D. Brown, 30
Darryl R. Burt II, 29
Jonathan A. Camuy Vega, 24
Angel L. Candelario-Padro, 28
Simon A. Carrillo Fernandez, 31
Juan Chavez-Martinez, 25
Luis D. Conde, 39
Cory J. Connell, 21
Tevin E. Crosby, 25
Franky J. Dejesus Velazquez, 50
Deonka D. Drayton, 32
Mercedez M. Flores, 26
Peter O. Gonzalez-Cruz, 22
Juan R. Guerrero, 22
Paul T. Henry, 41
Frank Hernandez, 27
Miguel A. Honorato, 30
Javier Jorge-Reyes, 40
Jason B. Josaphat, 19
Eddie J. Justice, 30
Anthony L. Laureano Disla, 25
Christopher A. Leinonen, 32
Brenda L. Marquez McCool, 49
Jean C. Mendez Perez, 35
Akyra Monet Murray, 18
Kimberly Morris, 37
Jean C. Nieves Rodriguez, 27
Luis O. Ocasio-Capo, 20
Geraldo A. Ortiz-Jimenez, 25
Eric Ivan Ortiz-Rivera, 36
Joel Rayon Paniagua, 32
Enrique L. Rios Jr., 25
Juan P. Rivera Velazquez, 37
Yilmary Rodriguez Solivan, 24
Christopher J. Sanfeliz, 24
Xavier Emmanuel Serrano Rosado, 35
Gilberto Ramon Silva Menendez, 25
Edward Sotomayor Jr., 34
Shane E. Tomlinson, 33
Leroy Valentin Fernandez, 25
Luis S. Vielma, 22
Luis Daniel Wilson-Leon, 37
Jerald A. Wright, 31
Autopsies of the 49 dead were completed by the Orange County Medical Examiner's Office by
June 14
,
[
93
]
and their results were released in early August. According to the autopsy reports, many of the victims were shot multiple times in the front or side, and from a short distance. More than a third were shot in the head, and most had multiple bullet wounds and were likely shot more than 3Â ft (0.91Â m) away. In total, there were over 200 gunshot wounds.
[
94
]
[
95
]
[
96
]
[
97
]
Many of the injured underwent surgery.
[
98
]
Most of themâ44 peopleâwere taken to the
Orlando Regional Medical Center
(ORMC), the primary regional
trauma center
three blocks away; twelve others went to
Florida Hospital Orlando
.
[
93
]
[
99
]
[
100
]
Nine of ORMC's patients died there, and by
June 14
, 27 remained hospitalized, with six in critical condition.
[
101
]
ORMC performed 76 surgeries on 35 patients.
[
102
]
The last of the injured was discharged from ORMC on
September 6
, nearly three months after the shooting.
[
101
]
Three
Colombians
and two
Canadians
were among the injured.
[
103
]
[
104
]
Additionally, a responding SWAT officer received a minor head injury when a bullet hit his
Kevlar
helmet.
[
105
]
Driver's license
photo of Mateen
The gunman was identified as 29-year-old Omar Mateen,
[
106
]
an American born in
New Hyde Park, New York
.
[
107
]
[
108
]
His parents were
Afghans
, and he was raised Muslim.
[
109
]
At the time of the shooting, he lived in an apartment complex in
Fort Pierce, Florida
, 117Â mi (188Â km) from the Pulse nightclub in Orlando.
[
110
]
[
111
]
[
112
]
Mateen's body was buried in the Muslim Cemetery of South Florida, near
Hialeah Gardens
.
[
113
]
From October 2006 until April 2007, Mateen trained to be a
prison guard
for the
Florida Department of Corrections
. As a probationary employee, he received an "administrative termination (not involving misconduct)"
[
114
]
upon a warden's recommendation after Mateen joked about bringing a gun to school.
[
115
]
Mateen unsuccessfully pursued a career in
law enforcement
, failing to become a
Florida state trooper
in 2011 and to gain admission to a
police academy
in 2015.
[
114
]
According to a police academy classmate, Mateen threatened to shoot his classmates at a cookout in 2007 "after his hamburger touched pork" in violation of
Islamic dietary laws
.
[
116
]
[
117
]
[
118
]
[
119
]
Other witnesses said that they saw Mateen drink alcohol and even "get drunk."
[
120
]
[
121
]
Since 2007, he had been a security guard for
G4S Secure Solutions
.
[
122
]
[
123
]
The company said two screeningsâone conducted upon hiring and the other in 2013âhad raised no red flags.
[
124
]
Mateen held an active statewide
firearms license
and an active security officer license,
[
125
]
[
126
]
had passed a
psychological test
, and had no criminal record.
[
127
]
After the shooting, the psychologist who reportedly evaluated and cleared Mateen for his firearms license in 2007 by G4S records denied ever meeting him or having lived in Florida at the time, and said she had stopped her practice in Florida since January 2006. G4S admitted Mateen's form had a "clerical error" and clarified that he had instead been cleared by another psychologist from the same firm that bought the wrongly named doctor's practice. This doctor had not interviewed Mateen, but evaluated the results of a standard test used in the screening he undertook before being hired.
[
128
]
G4S was subsequently fined for lapses in its psychological testing program (see
below
).
[
citation needed
]
In 2009, Mateen married his first wife, who left him after a few months; the couple's divorce became final in 2011. Following the nightclub attack, she said Mateen was "mentally unstable and mentally ill" and "obviously disturbed, deeply, and traumatized," was often
physically abusive
, and had a history of using
steroids
.
[
129
]
[
130
]
[
131
]
[
132
]
His autopsy revealed signs of long-term and habitual steroid use, so more toxicology tests were ordered for confirmation.
[
133
]
As of
July 15
, 2016, federal investigators were uncertain whether Mateen's steroid use was a factor in the attack.
[
134
]
At the time of the shooting, Mateen was married to his second wife and had a young son.
[
135
]
In September 2016, an imam for a mosque in
Kissimmee
released video footage showing what appeared to be Mateen on
June 8
, four days before the shooting, praying for about ten minutes. The imam said Mateen was praying there with his wife and child, and had no verbal exchanges with any of the other attendants. Though the FBI was already in possession of the mosque's security recordings, the video footage was released to the public only after a
series of bombings or bombing attempts in New York and New Jersey
, and a
mass stabbing at a Minnesota shopping mall
in September 2016.
[
136
]
In the hours before the shooting, Mateen used several
Facebook
accounts to write posts vowing vengeance for American airstrikes in Iraq and Syria and to search for content related to terrorism. These posts, since deleted, were recovered and included in an
open letter
[
137
]
by Senate Homeland Security Chairman
Ron Johnson
to Facebook CEO
Mark Zuckerberg
seeking further information about Mateen's use of the site.
[
138
]
[
139
]
[
140
]
During the shooting, Mateen made a 911 call claiming it was an act of retaliation for the airstrike killing of, among others, IS militant
Abu Waheeb
in the previous month. He told the negotiator to tell America to stop the bombing.
[
1
]
[
141
]
Despite numerous anonymous and named reports of
LGBTQ
connections,
[
142
]
[
143
]
[
144
]
[
145
]
[
146
]
the FBI was unable to verify any claims that Mateen was homosexual or frequented gay bars.
[
147
]
The FBI investigation found the witnesses claiming Mateen's
homosexuality
were mistaken or refused to go on the record, and doubts that Mateen was gay.
[
148
]
[
149
]
Law enforcement sources said the FBI found no photographs, text messages, smartphone apps, pornography, or cell tower location data to suggest Mateen lived a gay life,
closeted
or otherwise.
[
147
]
[
150
]
On the day of the shooting, Mateen's father, Mir Seddique Mateen, said that he had seen his son get angry after seeing a gay couple kiss in front of his family at the
Bayside Marketplace
in Miami months prior to the shooting, which he suggested might have been a motivating factor.
[
21
]
[
151
]
[
152
]
Two days later, after his son's sexual orientation became a subject of speculation, Mateen's father said he did not believe his son was homosexual.
[
153
]
Mateen's ex-wife, however, claimed that his father called him gay while in her presence. Speaking on her behalf, her current fiancé said that she, his family, and others believed he was gay, and that "the FBI asked her not to tell this to the American media."
[
129
]
During his wife's trial in March 2018, her defense revealed in a motion that Mateen had Googled "downtown Orlando nightclubs" and, after passing
Disney Springs
, traveled between Pulse and the Eve Orlando Nightclub before choosing to target Pulse. Cell phone records indicate that the final selection of the Pulse appears to have been made based on the lack of security â not because it was a gay club.
[
154
]
Trial witnesses said the decision to target Pulse was made at the last minute,
[
155
]
and the defense's motion argued that this "strongly suggests that the attack on Pulse was not a result of a prior plan to attack a gay nightclub."
[
156
]
Vigil in
Washington, D.C.
,
June 13
, 2016
A memorial to victims of the shooting in front the
Stonewall Inn
, just after it was
designated a National Monument
Security-camera
video footage was recovered from the nightclub as part of the investigation,
[
157
]
with a censored version later publicly released during the trial of Mateen's wife.
[
158
]
Facebook activated its "
Safety Check
" feature in the Orlando area following the shooting, allowing users to mark themselves as "safe" to notify family and friendsâthe first use of the feature in the United States.
[
159
]
[
160
]
Following the shooting, many business venues in the United States, such as shopping malls, movie theaters, bars, and concert halls, reexamined their security procedures.
[
161
]
[
162
]
Also, police forces across the country announced plans to increase security at LGBTQ landmarks such as the
Stonewall Inn
and at
Pride Month
events including
pride parades
.
[
163
]
Seddique Mateen released a
Dari language
video statement via Facebook on
June 13
to speak about his son's actions.
[
164
]
[
165
]
On the day of the attack, IS had released a statement via
Amaq News Agency
, taking responsibility for the attack.
[
166
]
On
June 13
, a broadcast from the Iraqi IS radio station
al-Bayan
said Mateen was "one of the soldiers of the caliphate in America," without indicating any foreknowledge of the shooting.
[
167
]
On
September 10
, the
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
fined
G4S Secure Solutions
$151,400 for providing inaccurate psychological testing information on more than 1,500 forms over a ten-year period, which allowed employees to carry firearms. Mateen's form was among those investigated.
[
168
]
On
November 4
, it was reported that the Orlando Police Department was upgrading its equipment for officers following the shooting, since officers at the nightclub were not well-equipped for the event and therefore endangered. The upgraded equipment included ballistic helmets and heavier ballistic vests.
[
169
]
Following the shooting and a
vehicle-ramming attack and mass stabbing
at
Ohio State University
in
Columbus, Ohio
, a new federal initiative was launched, partially in response to at least one victim bleeding to death inside Pulse during the shooting. The initiative was designed to train people working at schools and other public places on how to treat injuries before paramedics arrive at the scene. Doctors have emphasized the importance for school faculty members to stay calm and assess injuries, but also discouraged the use of more invasive emergency procedures such as removing a bullet.
[
170
]
Victim assistance efforts
[
edit
]
The FBI's Office of Victim Assistance (OVA) provided "information, assistance services, and resources" to the victims and witnesses of the shooting that, depending on their case-by-case eligibility, may have consisted of "special funding to provide emergency assistance, crime victim compensation, and counseling."
[
171
]
The OVA, through its Victim Assistance Rapid Deployment Team and Crisis Response Canines, also provided help to responders of the shooting in the days following
June 12
.
[
172
]
Immediately after the shooting, many people lined up to
donate blood
at local
blood donation centers
and
bloodmobile
locations when OneBlood, a regional blood donation agency, urged people to donate.
[
173
]
[
174
]
The surge in blood donations and the fact that the shooting occurred in a gay nightclub spotlighted the
Food and Drug Administration
's
controversial federal policy
that forbids
men who had sex with men
in the past year from donating blood. Despite expressions of frustration and disapproval by a number of gay and bisexual men, and LGBTQ activists across the country and a group of
Democratic
lawmakers
[
175
]
urging the ban to be lifted, the FDA stated on
June 14
that it had no plans to change the regulation and will reevaluate its policies "as new scientific information becomes available."
[
176
]
[
177
]
[
178
]
A victims' assistance center, Orlando Family Assistance Center, was opened on
June 15
inside
Camping World Stadium
by the City of Orlando.
[
179
]
[
180
]
During the eight days it was open, it provided help to 956 people from 298 families. Those remaining were then directed to the newly opened Orlando United Assistance Center jointly set up by the City and
Orange County
, which, according to the mayor of Orlando, "will stay open as long as there is a need."
[
181
]
[
182
]
The two hospitals that treated Pulse victims, Orlando Regional Medical Center and Florida Hospital, announced in late August that they will not be billing the survivors or pursuing reimbursement.
[
183
]
[
184
]
The City of Orlando offered free plots and funeral services at the city-owned
Greenwood Cemetery
for those killed in the shooting.
[
185
]
[
186
]
[
187
]
Fundraising campaigns
[
edit
]
Equality Florida
, the state's largest
LGBTQ rights
group, started a fundraising page to aid the victims and their families, raising $767,000 in the first nine hours.
[
159
]
[
188
]
[
189
]
As of
September 22
, 2016, they have raised over $7.85 million online, a record for
GoFundMe
, with over 119,400 donors and an average of about $66 per donation.
[
190
]
[
191
]
[
192
]
Another fundraising campaign, OneOrlando, was established by Mayor
Buddy Dyer
.
[
193
]
The Walt Disney Company
and
NBCUniversal
, which operate the nearby
Walt Disney World Resort
and
Universal Orlando Resort
, respectively, each donated $1 million to the fund.
[
194
]
[
195
]
As of
August 12
, OneOrlando has raised $23 million,
[
196
]
with a draft proposal to start payouts starting
September 27
on a rolling basis in which the highest compensations will go to the families of the 49 people killed, followed by the 50 victims who were physically injured and hospitalized for one night or more. OneOrlando's fund administrator said that the draft has not decided whether to pay people who were held hostage but were not injured, and will take public feedback in two 90-minute hearings to be held on
August 4
. A timeline of the draft proposal was released.
[
197
]
[
198
]
On
August 11
, its board of directors decided that the funds will only be dispersed to "the families of the dead, survivors who were hospitalized, survivors who sought outpatient medical treatment, and those who were present in the club when the shootings began but not physically injured," and that family members and survivors can start filing claims until the
September 12
deadline.
[
196
]
As of
December 1
, OneOrlando paid out over $27.4 million to 299 recipients, according to officials, with six more claims worth an additional $2.1 million still being contested among family members of the slain victims.
[
199
]
IDW Publishing
and
DC Entertainment
created
Love Is Love
, a graphic novel sold to raise money for the victims. The novel became a New York Times best seller and more than $165,000 was raised. Through
Equality Florida
, the proceeds were donated to the OneOrlando Fund.
[
200
]
Release of transcripts and videos
[
edit
]
A total of 603 calls to 911 were made by victims, family members and friends of victims, bystanders, and rescue workers during the entire shooting.
[
201
]
On
June 14
, two dozen news agencies sent a four-page letter to Orlando's city attorney jointly demanding the release of recordings that 911 callers made on the night of the shooting. The letter also contained a request for scanner and dispatch recordings. The Orlando police refused to release the recordings, citing an "ongoing investigation."
[
202
]
[
203
]
June 20
, the FBI released a transcript of the first call by the shooter and a summary of three calls with police negotiators.
[
63
]
On
July 14
, the
University of Central Florida Police Department
released nine
body camera
videos of UCFPD officers who rushed to Pulse to help Orlando police officers during the incident.
[
204
]
On
July 18
, the City of Orlando released a detailed 71-page document of OPD officers' accounts and responses to the shooting. Requests to release recordings of 911 calls, police radio transmissions, and the exchanges between law enforcement and Mateen were denied, citing disagreements over whether they fall under local or federal jurisdiction. The status on the authority over the recordings is pending a court ruling.
[
205
]
[
206
]
[
207
]
On
July 20
, the Orange County Sheriff's Office (OCSO) released video footage from a body camera worn by one of its deputies during the incident.
[
208
]
On
July 26
, the
Orange County Fire Rescue
released a recording of a 911 call made during the shooting.
[
209
]
On
July 29
, the OCSO released dozens of pages of documents detailing the deputies' individual accounts of their involvement in the shooting.
[
210
]
[
211
]
On
August 30
, the OCSO released the 911 calls it received during the shooting.
[
212
]
[
213
]
Two days later, OPD and the city of Orlando released nine of their hundreds of 911 calls, which were all made by friends and relatives outside of Pulse during the incident; the rest are locked in a legal dispute between 24 media groups, OPD, and the city of Orlando.
[
214
]
[
215
]
[
216
]
[
217
]
On
September 14
, the city of Orlando released 23 additional 911 calls made during the shooting.
[
218
]
[
219
]
These included calls made from rescue workers advising preparedness for dozens of victims,
[
201
]
a patron who escaped from Pulse with a friend who was shot, and the brother of a woman who was shot several times and trapped inside a bathroom in the nightclub.
[
220
]
On
October 31
, the City of Orlando released nearly 30 minutes of recordings of police negotiators talking with Mateen during the course of the shooting, after a judge with the
Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida
ruled that these calls should be made public. A total of 232 other calls are still being withheld by the city.
[
221
]
[
222
]
On
November 10
, the Orange County Sheriff's office released about two dozen videos of
body camera
footage of officers at the perimeter of the nightclub during the shooting. The footage, which was heavily censored, depicted officers conducting searches of bathrooms in the nightclub and tending to survivors.
[
223
]
[
224
]
[
225
]
On
November 14
, the City of Orlando released 36 police audio recordings made during the shooting, which record officers' attempts to contact Mateen, their remarks on his "serious, unruffled attitude," and their conversations about how to respond to the hostage situation.
[
226
]
[
227
]
Also released that day was an additional 911 call made by a woman who made it out of the nightclub with her sister, who was shot.
[
228
]
The next day, on
November 15
, 21 additional 911 calls were released.
[
49
]
[
229
]
This was followed by three additional hours of 911 calls released on
November 16
. In many of these calls, people trapped inside bathrooms, kitchens, and an upstairs office were questioning why police had yet to enter the nightclub.
[
49
]
Two days later, on
November 18
, 107 pages of transcripts of more than 30 911 calls were released. These calls were made during the first ten minutes of the shooting, and had to be released in the form of transcripts after a judge deemed them too graphic to be released as audio recordings. According to a city spokesman, all 911 calls made during the shooting have now been released to the public.
[
230
]
[
231
]
[
232
]
The Pulse building with the memorial fence in March 2017
On
September 14
, 2016, the City of Orlando announced it would pay $4,518 to erect a new fence around the Pulse nightclub on
September 19
. The fence would feature a commemorative screen-wrap with local artwork that would serve as a memorial to the victims and survivors of the shooting.
[
233
]
[
234
]
It will also be smaller than the nightclub's previous fence, in order to allow for more efficient navigation by passers-by.
[
233
]
In November, the City of Orlando announced its plans to purchase the Pulse nightclub later that month for $2.25 million and turn the site into a memorial for the victims and survivors of the shooting. The announcement was met with praise from Orlando's LGBTQ community.
[
235
]
The vote was postponed with the city explaining that "more time was needed to plan a future memorial," and that there was some discomfort from city officials over having to pay such an amount of money.
[
236
]
In December 2016, the owner declined to sell the nightclub to the city due to emotional attachment.
[
237
]
The owner then created the OnePulse Foundation, and in May 2017, announced plans for a
memorial site and museum
originally slated to open in 2022.
[
238
]
[
239
]
In late October 2023, OnePulse's plans for the Memorial and Museum were permanently suspended.
[
240
]
The City of Orlando approved a purchase of the site to convert the temporary memorial into a permanent one.
[
241
]
In December 2023, Mayor
Buddy Dyer
announced an approach in which the city will utilize the existing 501c3 and establish the Orlando United Pulse Memorial Fund, in an effort to raise funds for the permanent memorial. The fund will hope to raise from community donations, such as from local businesses, community organizations, and individuals.
[
242
]
On March 18, 2026, the Pulse building was demolished to make way for a $12 million permanent memorial, planned to open in 2027.
[
243
]
The Pulse nightclub sign was preserved and put into storage for usage in the future memorial.
[
244
]
President
Barack Obama
receives an update in the Oval Office from FBI Director
James Comey
and Homeland Security Advisor
Lisa Monaco
on the mass shooting.
Officials have characterized the shooting as an act of terrorism.
FBI
Assistant Special Agent in Charge Ron Hopper
[
245
]
called the shooting a hate crime and an act of terrorism;
[
246
]
and Jerry Demings, a sheriff from the Orange County Sheriff's Office, classified it as
domestic terrorism
.
[
9
]
City of Orlando Chief of Police John W. Mina said Mateen seemed organized and well-prepared.
[
247
]
On March 13, 2018, the time of
Mateen's wife's trial
for aiding the attack, the FBI had still declined to classify it as a hate crime, and the prosecution said it had never contemplated arguing Mateen had targeted homosexuals.
[
248
]
They instead only (unsuccessfully) argued she provided material support to a foreign terrorist organization.
[
249
]
On
June 13
,
FBI Director
James Comey
told reporters, "So far, we see no indication that this was a plot directed from outside the United States and we see no indication that he was part of any kind of
network
." He said the
United States Intelligence Community
was "highly confident that this killer was
radicalized
at least in part through the Internet,"
[
250
]
and that the investigation had found "strong indications of radicalization by this killer and of potential inspiration by
foreign terrorist organizations
."
[
251
]
Several days after the shooting, the FBI announced on its website that it has become "the lead law enforcement agency responsible for investigating the shooting at Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, on
June 12
, 2016."
[
171
]
The agency took the lead after the shooting was classified as a terrorist attack due to Mateen's pledge of allegiance to IS during the event.
[
72
]
According to Senator
Ron Johnson
, Mateen searched online for references to the shooting during the attack, and made posts on
Facebook
expressing his support for
Islamic State
, saying "You kill innocent women and children by doing us [
sic
] airstrikes. Now taste the Islamic state vengeance."
[
252
]
Federal officials said a
SIG Sauer MCX
semi-automatic rifle and a 9mm
Glock 17
semi-automatic pistol were recovered from Mateen's body, along with additional
rounds
.
[
16
]
[
253
]
[
254
]
Mateen had legally purchased the two guns used in the shooting from a shop in
Port St. Lucie
: the SIG Sauer MCX rifle on
June 4
and the Glock 17 pistol on
June 5
.
[
12
]
[
255
]
He and law enforcement were reported to have fired over 200 rounds.
[
27
]
[
256
]
[
257
]
From his car, "hundreds of rounds" were found along with a
.38-caliber
Smith & Wesson
revolver
; this gun was not used in the shooting.
[
72
]
[
254
]
Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique
[
edit
]
Mateen became a
person of interest
to the FBI in May 2013 and July 2014. The 2013 investigation was opened after he made comments to coworkers about being a member of
Hezbollah
and having family connections in
al-Qaeda
,
[
258
]
and that he had ties to
Nidal Hasan
âperpetrator of the
2009 Fort Hood shooting
âand
Dzhokhar
and
Tamerlan Tsarnaev
âperpetrators of the
Boston Marathon bombing
. According to new documents released on
July 18
, Mateen said that he made these comments in response to "a lot of harassment" and frequent derogatory epithets made by St. Lucie County Sheriff's deputies and his G4S coworkers, who taunted and made jokes about him being a possible Muslim extremist.
[
259
]
[
260
]
The comments resulted in his employer G4S removing Mateen from his post and the county sheriff reporting him to the FBI.
[
260
]
[
261
]
The documents also show him saying that he was "1000% American" and writing that he was against any "anti-American" and "anti-humanity" terrorist organizations.
[
259
]
The 2014 investigation was opened after he was linked to
Moner Mohammad Abu Salha
,
[
109
]
an
American radical
who committed a
suicide bombing
in Syria. Mateen was interviewed three times in connection with the two investigations. Both cases were closed after finding nothing that warranted further investigation.
[
125
]
[
250
]
[
262
]
After the shooting, Director Comey said the FBI will review its work and methods used in the two investigations. When asked if anything could have or should have been done differently in regard to Mateen, or the FBI's intelligence and actions in relation to him, Comey replied, "So far, the honest answer is, 'I don't think so.'"
[
263
]
A little over a month after the shooting, the FBI provided more details about its May 2013 to March 2014 investigation into Mateen, which was closed after a veteran FBI agent assigned to the case and his supervisor concluded that "there was just nothing there" and removed his name from the Terrorist Watchlist. Mateen was interviewed twice during the investigation, and had provided a written statement in which he confessed that he had previously lied to FBI investigators. During the investigation, the FBI had tracked his daily routine using unmarked vehicles, closely examined his phone records, and used two informants to secretly record his face-to-face conversations. The FBI Director said that they could have taken more initiative in gaining access to his social media accounts in 2013, but noted that back then such checks were not yet "part of [their] investigative DNA." However, it would not have mattered, as the analysis of Mateen's computer after the shooting showed that his social media accounts, including Facebook, had no ties to any terrorist groups, and that he did not post any "radical statements" until the early morning of the shooting. The FBI in 2013 also did not have the
probable cause
needed to obtain a search warrant in order to secretly listen to his phone calls or probe into Mateen's computer.
[
264
]
On
July 26
, a Senate homeland security committee chairman sent a four-page letter to the inspector general of the
U.S. Department of Justice
(DOJ) requesting an independent review of the FBI's 2013 and 2014 investigations. He wrote that if Mateen had stayed on the FBI watch-list, the federal agency would have been notified if he tried to purchase firearms, in which case "law enforcement potentially could have uncovered information on social media or elsewhere of Mateen's radicalization."
[
265
]
On March 24, 2018, Sara Sweeney, the assistant attorney prosecuting Mateen's wife, Noor Salman, disclosed to her defense after the
discovery
period that her father-in-law, Seddique Mateen, was an FBI
informant
at various points between January 2005 and June 2016.
[
266
]
Agent Juvenal Martin, who
handled
the elder Mateen since 2006, said he considered making Omar an informant as well, after investigating and clearing him in 2013.
[
267
]
[
268
]
Searches and possible accomplices
[
edit
]
U.S. officials said
Islamic State
(IS) may have inspired Mateen without training, instructing, or having a direct connection with him.
[
167
]
[
269
]
[
270
]
Investigators have said no evidence linking Mateen to the group has emerged, and have cautioned that the shooting may have been IS-inspired without being IS-directed,
[
271
]
as was the case in the
December 2
, 2015, attack
in
San Bernardino, California
.
[
26
]
[
272
]
Yoram Schweitzer
of the Israeli
Institute for National Security Studies
suggested that Mateen associated the attack with IS to add to the notoriety of the incident, and said it was very unlikely that IS had known of him before the shooting.
[
167
]
On
June 16
,
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
John Brennan
told the Senate Intelligence Committee that his agency was "unable to uncover any link" between Mateen and IS.
[
273
]
Following the shooting, officers from multiple federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies (including the FBI,
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
,
Florida Department of Law Enforcement
(FDLE),
St. Lucie County
Sheriff's Office, and Fort Pierce Police Department) converged on Mateen's home in
Fort Pierce
and another home in
Port St. Lucie
. A bomb squad checked Mateen's Fort Pierce home for explosives.
[
274
]
In June 2016, the
House Intelligence Committee
said that United States investigators "are searching for details about the
Saudi Arabia
trips Mateen made in 2011 and 2012."
[
275
]
[
276
]
[
277
]
Senate Intelligence Committee
member
Angus King
said that Mateen's second wife appears to have had "some knowledge of what was going on."
[
278
]
[
279
]
Media reports, citing anonymous law enforcement officials, said she was with Mateen as he scouted possible
Orlando-area
targets (including the Walt Disney World Resort's
Disney Springs
and the Pulse nightclub) and that she was also with him when he purchased ammunition and a holster in the months leading up to the attack.
[
280
]
[
281
]
[
282
]
Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife
[
edit
]
Mateen's second wife and widow, Noor Salman, was arrested in January 2017, at her home in
Rodeo, California
.
[
283
]
She was
charged
in federal court in Orlando with
aiding and abetting
as well as
obstruction of justice
.
[
284
]
Federal prosecutors accused her of knowing that Mateen was planning an attack.
[
285
]
Salman pleaded not guilty to the charges.
[
286
]
Salman moved to dismiss the obstruction charge; this motion was denied by U.S. District Judge
Paul G. Byron
.
[
287
]
[
288
]
Salman's trial took place in March 2018.
[
289
]
During the trial, the prosecution revealed it withheld information during discovery that Salman's confession of helping scout potential attack locations was not true based on cell phone evidence, and that the FBI knew this even though it had been used to deny her
bail
.
[
268
]
The defense also sought to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial on
Brady
disclosure
grounds after this disclosure, and after the prosecution disclosed during the trial that Seddique Mateen had been a confidential FBI informant "at various points in time between January 2005 through June 2016."
[
290
]
The court denied Salman's motion to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial.
[
267
]
[
289
]
On March 30 the jury acquitted Salman of both charges, although the jury foreman said "we were convinced she did know" about Mateen's plans for an attack of some sort in advance.
[
291
]
[
292
]
In July 2016, law enforcement officials reported that the FBIâafter conducting "interviews and an examination of his computer and other electronic media"âhad not found any evidence that Mateen targeted Pulse because the nightclub was a venue for gays or whether the attack was motivated by homophobia. According to witnesses, he did not make any homophobic comments during the shooting. Furthermore, nothing has been found confirming the speculation that he was gay and used gay dating apps; however, the FBI "has found evidence that Mateen was cheating on his wife with other women." Officials noted that "there is nothing to suggest that he attempted to cover up his tracks by deleting files." Generally, "a complete picture of what motivated Mateen remains murky and may never be known since he was killed in a shootout with police and did not leave a manifesto."
[
147
]
The FBI has yet to conclude its investigation As of 2016
.
[
needs update
]
[
72
]
[
293
]
Evaluations of performance of law enforcement
[
edit
]
Two former SWAT members, one an active-shooter tactics expert and trainer, expressed misgivings about the three-hour delay in breaching the nightclub, citing the lesson learned from other mass shootings that officers can minimize casualties only by entering a shooting location expeditiously, even if it means putting themselves at great risk.
[
294
]
At the request of John Mina, the Orlando chief of police, the
U.S. Department of Justice
's
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
(COPS) conducted a third-party "after-action assessment" of the Orlando Police Department's response to the shooting and its overall preparedness.
[
295
]
[
296
]
COPS commissioned the
Police Foundation
to prepare the report, which was released in December 2017. The report concluded that the Orlando Police Department response "was appropriate and consistent with national guidelines and best practices" and saved lives.
[
297
]
The report stated: "The initial tactical response was consistent with the OPD's active shooter training and recognized promising practices. However, as the incident became more complex and prolonged, transitioning from a barricaded suspect with hostages to an act of terrorism, the OPD's operational tactics and strategies were challenged by the increasing threat posed by the suspect's claim of improvised explosive devices inside the club and in vehicles surrounding the club."
[
297
]
The report authors noted that they lacked access to FBI reports and other data about the crime scene and shooter, and did not have information about "potential law enforcement friendly fire."
[
297
]
In April 2017, the
Orlando Sentinel
obtained a copy of a 78-page presentation given by Mina to some ten police groups located around the world, which discussed the OPD's response to the attack and what it has learned. The presentation offered a comprehensive timeline of the attack and included diagrams and still photos from
body camera
footage showing officers in their initial confrontation with Mateen. According to the presentation, 500 interviews were conducted, 1,600 leads were followed up on, more than 950 pieces of evidence were collected, and more than 300 people were subpoenaed.
[
20
]
In December 2016, the
Florida Department of Law Enforcement
completed a 35-page "after-action report" about its response to the nightclub during the shooting.
[
298
]
[
299
]
The report was publicly released in August 2017 after a public records request made by the
Orlando Sentinel
.
[
298
]
[
299
]
The report generally praised the FDLE's handling of the nightclub shootings, but detailed the agency's difficulties in notifying families and complications arising from its inter-agency policies, which led to them not immediately sharing information about the shooting with federal investigators.
[
298
]
[
299
]
San Francisco City Hall
lit in LGBTQ rainbow colors in honor to the victims of the shooting
Florida Governor
Rick Scott
expressed support for all affected and said the state emergency operations center was monitoring the incident.
[
300
]
Scott declared a
state of emergency
for
Orange County, Florida
,
[
301
]
and
Orlando mayor
Buddy Dyer
declared a state of emergency for the city.
[
302
]
[
303
]
On
June 24
, Scott directed that 49 state flags be flown for 49 days in front of the
Florida Historic Capitol
in Tallahassee, with the name, age, and photo of every victim displayed beneath each flag.
[
304
]
The
Obama administration
expressed its condolences to the victims. President
Barack Obama
ordered that "the federal government provide any assistance necessary to pursue the investigation and support the community."
[
305
]
In a speech, he described the shooting as an "act of hate" and an "act of terror."
[
111
]
[
306
]
[
307
]
He also issued a proclamation on
June 12
ordering United States flags upon non-private grounds and buildings around the country and abroad to be lowered to
half-staff
until sundown,
June 16
.
[
308
]
He and Vice President
Joe Biden
traveled to Orlando on
June 16
to lay flowers at a memorial and visit the victims' families.
[
309
]
Many American Muslims, including community leaders, swiftly condemned the shooting.
[
310
]
[
311
]
Prayer vigils for the victims were held at mosques across the country.
[
312
]
[
313
]
[
314
]
The Florida mosque where Mateen sometimes prayed issued a statement condemning the attack and offering condolences to the victims.
[
315
]
The
Council on AmericanâIslamic Relations
called the attack "monstrous" and offered its condolences to the victims. CAIR Florida urged Muslims to donate blood even while observing the month of
Ramadan
âwhich requires Muslims to fast from dawn to duskâand contribute funds in support of the victims' families.
[
310
]
[
316
]
Some Muslim groups called on members to break their Ramadan fast to be able to donate blood.
[
317
]
The
United Nations Security Council
issued a statement condemning the shooting for "targeting persons as a result of their sexual orientation." (Though the FBI later determined that the attack was not motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate) It was supported by some countries that suppress homosexual behavior and discussion, such as Egypt and Russia.
[
318
]
Samantha Power
, United States Ambassador to the UN, led a group of 17 UN ambassadors on a visit to the historic LGBTQ landmark
Stonewall Inn
to express their support for LGBTQ rights in response to the shooting.
[
319
]
Countries that released their own statements condemning the shooting include Afghanistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia,
Qatar
, Iran, the
United Arab Emirates
,
Kuwait
, and Turkey.
[
320
]
Many people on
social media
and elsewhere, including
2016 United States presidential election
candidates, members of
Congress
, other political figures, foreign leaders, and various celebrities, expressed their shock at the event and extended their condolences to those affected.
[
321
]
[
322
]
Vigils were held around the world to mourn those who were killed in the shooting, including one held at the banks of
Lake Eola Park
on
June 19
that attracted 50,000 people.
[
323
]
[
324
]
[
325
]
Landmarks around the world, including the
One World Trade Center
and the
Sydney Harbour Bridge
, lit up in rainbow colors in remembrance of those killed in the shooting.
[
326
]
On June 22, sixty House Democrats
staged a sit-in at the US House of Representatives
, in an attempt to force Speaker
Paul Ryan
, a Republican Party member, to allow votes on gun control legislation.
[
327
]
On June 23,
Billboard
magazine
published an open letter
addressed to the
United States Congress
demanding that
universal background checks
become federal law. The petition carried nearly 200 signatures of famous musicians and music industry executives.
Joan Jett
,
Lady Gaga
,
Selena Gomez
and many others were prominent signees of the document.
[
328
]
[
68
]
The House sit-in was unsuccessful in bringing gun control legislation to a vote.
[
327
]
The LGBTQ
gun rights
organization
Pink Pistols
, with 36 chapters around the country, tripled both its membership (from 1,500 to 4,500), and its Facebook followers (to 7,000), in the week or so following the shooting.
[
329
]
As of June 24, 2016, it counted over 7,000 members.
[
330
]
Google Search
added a ribbon to its homepage, with the message "Our hearts are with the victims, their families, and the community of Orlando."
[
331
]
In the aftermath of the 2018 trial, some media outlets re-assessed the reactions, possible motives, and media narrative of the shooting. They said that there was not evidence to say the shooting was motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate.
[
332
]
[
333
]
OnePulse Foundation, a charity organization created by a Pulse owner on
July 7
, filed documents with a plan to fund and build a memorial at the nightclub. The foundation collaborated with the city of Orlando to determine the location of the memorial.
[
334
]
[
335
]
[
336
]
The non-profit organization also planned to start a fundraising campaign to provide financial help to the surviving victims who were injured and the families of the 49 who were killed.
[
337
]
After raising 20 million dollars, the foundation folded without creating the promised memorial.
[
338
]
A rainbow-colored crossing was installed in
Orlando
,
[
339
]
to honor the victims from the Pulse nightclub shooting that occurred on June 12, 2016.
[
340
]
An online petition
[
341
]
was signed by approximately 2,700 citizens requesting to have it painted nearby the
nightclub museum
.
[
342
]
Approved by the
Florida Department of Transportation
(FDOT),
[
343
]
the project ended up costing about $2,900 with the installation beginning on October 10 and completed the next day on October 11, 2017.
[
344
]
The artwork was painted over by FDOT on August 21, 2025.
[
345
]
[
346
]
Soon afterwards, people colored the sidewalk with chalk as law enforcement watched and warned them to stay out of the street.
[
347
]
The 2025 Florida state budget signed into law by Governor
Ron DeSantis
included $394,421 for the Pulse National Memorial.
[
348
]
2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in
 â Sit-in protest at United States Capitol
Chris Murphy gun control filibuster
 â 2016 speech by US politician on gun control
Colorado Springs nightclub shooting
â 2022 attack which targeted an LGBTQ nightclub
Gun law in the United States
Gun politics in the United States
Gun violence in the United States
LGBTQ in Islam
List of Islamist terrorist attacks
List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)
List of terrorist incidents in June 2016
Mass shootings in the United States
 â Incidents involving multiple victims of firearm violence
Our Happy Hours: LGBT Voices from the Gay Bars
 â US LGBT anthology
Rainbow crossing (Orlando, Florida)
Terrorism in the United States
Violence against LGBTQ people
 â Hateful actions towards sexuality or gender identity
^
a
b
The attacker's repeated demand was to stop the
U.S. airstrikes
killing
leaders
and
civilians
in
Iraq
and
Syria
.
[
2
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[
54
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[
1
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^
a
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^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
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^
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a
b
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âThey should have not bombed and killed Abu Wahid [sic]â ... âYou have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing,â he said. âThey are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?â
^
"On May 6th, a coalition air strike targeted Abu Wahib, ISIL's military amir for Anbar Province and a former member of Al Qaida in Iraq who has appeared in ISIL execution videos. That strike near Rutbah was successful, killing Abu Wahib and three other ISIL jihadists. Abu Wahib's death is another blow to ISIL's leadership that will further degrade its ability to operate, especially in Anbar Province."
https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/755468/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-pentagon-press-secretary-peter-cook-in/
^
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-top-isis-leader-killed-in-iraq/
^
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^
a
b
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The purpose of releasing the partial transcript of the shooter's interaction with 911 operators was to provide transparency, while remaining sensitive to the interests of the surviving victims, their families, and the integrity of the ongoing investigation. We also did not want to provide the killer or terrorist organizations with a publicity platform for hateful propaganda. Unfortunately, the unreleased portions of the transcript that named the terrorist organizations and leaders have caused an unnecessary distraction from the hard work that the FBI and our law enforcement partners have been doing...
^
https://web.archive.org/web/20160812053952/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/tampa/news/press-releases/investigative-update-regarding-pulse-nightclub-shooting
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Orlando Police Department officers' accounts from the Pulse attack |
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting)
- [1 Shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Shooting)
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- [1\.1 First shots and hostage situation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#First_shots_and_hostage_situation)
- [1\.2 Emergency response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Emergency_response)
- [1\.3 Phone calls and negotiations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Phone_calls_and_negotiations)
- [1\.4 Rescue and resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Rescue_and_resolution)
- [2 Casualties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Casualties)
Toggle Casualties subsection
- [2\.1 Fatalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Fatalities)
- [2\.2 Injuries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Injuries)
- [3 Perpetrator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Perpetrator)
Toggle Perpetrator subsection
- [3\.1 Personal life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Personal_life)
- [3\.2 Motive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Motive)
- [4 Aftermath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Aftermath)
Toggle Aftermath subsection
- [4\.1 Victim assistance efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Victim_assistance_efforts)
- [4\.2 Fundraising campaigns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Fundraising_campaigns)
- [4\.3 Release of transcripts and videos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Release_of_transcripts_and_videos)
- [4\.4 Future of Pulse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Future_of_Pulse)
- [5 Investigations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Investigations)
Toggle Investigations subsection
- [5\.1 Classification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Classification)
- [5\.2 Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Weapons)
- [5\.3 Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Previous_FBI_investigation_of_Mateen_and_cooperation_with_Seddique)
- [5\.4 Searches and possible accomplices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Searches_and_possible_accomplices)
- [5\.4.1 Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Trial_and_acquittal_of_shooter's_wife)
- [5\.5 FBI investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#FBI_investigation)
- [5\.6 Evaluations of performance of law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Evaluations_of_performance_of_law_enforcement)
- [6 Reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Reactions)
- [7 Memorials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Memorials)
- [8 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#See_also)
- [9 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Notes)
- [10 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#References)
- [11 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#External_links)
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# Pulse nightclub shooting
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- [á ááá](https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%8A%A6%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B6_%E1%89%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%88%BD%E1%89%B5_%E1%89%A4%E1%89%B5_%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%88%E1%8C%B8%E1%88%98%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%85%E1%88%9D%E1%88%8B_%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%83%E1%89%B5 "á áŠáááᶠá ááœá” á€á” ášá°áážáá ášá
áá á„áá” â Amharic")
- [ۧÙŰč۱ۚÙŰ©](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88 "ۧÙÙŰŹÙÙ
ŰčÙÙ ÙŰ§ŰŻÙ ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ ŰŁÙ۱ÙۧÙŰŻÙ â Arabic")
- [ĐĐČĐ°Ń](https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9 "ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸŃлЎа ŃÓĐČĐ°Đč-Ń
ŃĐČĐ”Đč â Avaric")
- [AzÉrbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Orlando_gec%C9%99_klubu_g%C3%BCll%C9%99baran%C4%B1 "2016 Orlando gecÉ klubu gĂŒllÉbaranı â Azerbaijani")
- [ŰȘÛ۱کۏÙ](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%A6%D8%AC%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_\(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B6\) "ۧÙ۱ÙۧÙŰŻÙ ÚŻŰŠŰŹÙ Ú©ÙÙÙŰšÙ ŰÙ
ÙÙâŰłÛ (ÛČÛ°Û±Û¶) â South Azerbaijani")
- [ĐДлаŃŃŃĐșĐ°Ń](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%9E_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0 "ĐĐ°ŃĐ°ĐČĐ°Đ” Đ·Đ°Đ±ĐŸĐčŃŃĐČĐ° Ń ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐ° â Belarusian")
- [ĐŃлгаŃŃĐșĐž](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE "ĐĐ°ŃĐŸĐČĐŸ ŃбОĐčŃŃĐČĐŸ ĐČ ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸ â Bulgarian")
- [CatalĂ ](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_la_discoteca_Pulse_d%27Orlando_de_2016 "Massacre de la discoteca Pulse d'Orlando de 2016 â Catalan")
- [ÄeĆĄtina](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masakr_v_Orlandu_\(2016\) "Masakr v Orlandu (2016) â Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangrebet_i_Orlando_2016 "Terrorangrebet i Orlando 2016 â Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschlag_von_Orlando_am_12._Juni_2016 "Anschlag von Orlando am 12. Juni 2016 â German")
- [ThuÉĆjĂ€Ć](https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucmuc_%C9%A3%C3%B6ndi%C3%ABr_wak%C9%94%CC%88u_Orlando_2016 "Mucmuc ɣöndiĂ«r wakÉÌu Orlando 2016 â Dinka")
- [Zazaki](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Ear%C3%AA_Orlandoy_2016 "ÄarĂȘ Orlandoy 2016 â Dimli")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafmasakro_en_la_noktoklubo_Pulse_\(2016\) "Pafmasakro en la noktoklubo Pulse (2016) â Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masacre_de_la_discoteca_Pulse_de_Orlando "Masacre de la discoteca Pulse de Orlando â Spanish")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016ko_Orlandoko_Pulse_diskotekako_sarraskia "2016ko Orlandoko Pulse diskotekako sarraskia â Basque")
- [Ùۧ۱۳Û](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88_%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B6 "ŰȘÛ۱ۧÙۯۧŰČÛ ŰšŰ§ŰŽÚŻŰ§Ù ŰŽŰšŰ§ÙÙ Ű§Ù۱ÙÙŰŻÙ ÛČÛ°Û±Û¶ â Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlandon_y%C3%B6kerhoampuminen "Orlandon yökerhoampuminen â Finnish")
- [FĂžroyskt](https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvirgangs%C3%A1lopi%C3%B0_%C3%AD_Orlando_2016 "YvirgangsĂĄlopiĂ° Ă Orlando 2016 â Faroese")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusillade_du_12_juin_2016_%C3%A0_Orlando "Fusillade du 12 juin 2016 Ă Orlando â French")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1mhach_i_gclub_o%C3%ADche_Orlando "LĂĄmhach i gclub oĂche Orlando â Irish")
- [ŚąŚŚšŚŚȘ](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%98%22%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95 "Ś€ŚŚŚŚą ŚŚŚšŚ ŚŚŚŚąŚŚŚ ŚŚŚŚ\"Ś ŚŚŚŚšŚŚ ŚŚ â Hebrew")
- [à€čà€żà€šà„à€Šà„](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 "à€à€°à€Čà„à€à€Ąà„ à€šà€Ÿà€à€ à€à„à€Čà€Ź à€à„à€Čà„à€Źà€Ÿà€°à„ â Hindi")
- [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napad_na_klub_Pulse "Napad na klub Pulse â Croatian")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016-os_orland%C3%B3i_terrort%C3%A1mad%C3%A1s "2016-os orlandĂłi terrortĂĄmadĂĄs â Hungarian")
- [ŐŐĄŐ”Ő„ÖŐ„Ő¶](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%95%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4 "Ô¶ŐĄŐ¶ŐŁŐŸŐĄŐźŐĄŐ”Ő«Ő¶ ŐœŐșŐĄŐ¶ŐžÖŐ©Ő”ŐžÖŐ¶ ŐŐŒŐŹŐĄŐ¶Ő€ŐžŐ”ŐžÖŐŽ â Armenian")
- [Ô±ÖŐ„ÖŐŽŐżŐĄŐ°ŐĄŐ”Ő„ÖŐ§Ő¶](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6_%D5%95%D5%BC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A7%D5%BB_\(2016\) "Ô¶ŐĄŐ¶ŐŁŐžÖŐĄŐźŐĄŐ”Ő«Ő¶ ŐŐșŐĄŐ¶ŐžÖŐ©Ő«ÖŐ¶ ŐŐŒŐŹŐĄŐ¶ŐżŐžŐ”Ő« ŐŐ§Ő» (2016) â Western Armenian")
- [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacro_al_discotheca_Pulse "Massacro al discotheca Pulse â Interlingua")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penembakan_klub_malam_Orlando_2016 "Penembakan klub malam Orlando 2016 â Indonesian")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strage_di_Orlando "Strage di Orlando â Italian")
- [æ„æŹèȘ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E9%8A%83%E4%B9%B1%E5%B0%84%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 "ăȘăŒă©ăłăéäč±ć°äș件 â Japanese")
- [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pambedhiling_pakumpulan_wengi_Orlando_2016 "Pambedhiling pakumpulan wengi Orlando 2016 â Javanese")
- [á„áá ááŁáá](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%96%E1%83%94_\(2016\) "ááááááĄáźáá áá áááááᥠáŠáááᥠáááŁááá (2016) â Georgian")
- [íê”ìŽ](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%EB%85%84_%EC%98%AC%EB%9E%9C%EB%8F%84_%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%ED%81%B4%EB%9F%BD_%EC%B4%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EB%82%9C%EC%82%AC_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4 "2016ë
ìŹëë ëìŽížíŽëœ ìŽêž° ëìŹ ìŹê±Ž â Korean")
- [ĐŃŃĐłŃĐ·ŃĐ°](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D2%AF%D2%AF_2016 "ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸĐŽĐŸĐłŃ ĐŒĐ°ŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐș Ó©Đ»ŃÒŻŃÒŻÒŻ 2016 â Kyrgyz")
- [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impetus_Orlando_Iunio_2016_factus "Impetus Orlando Iunio 2016 factus â Latin")
- [LatvieĆĄu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C5%A1aude_naktsklub%C4%81_Orlando "ApĆĄaude naktsklubÄ Orlando â Latvian")
- [ĐĐ°ĐșĐ”ĐŽĐŸĐœŃĐșĐž](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE_\(2016\) "ĐĐ°ŃĐ°ĐșŃ ĐČĐŸ ĐœĐŸŃĐ”Đœ ĐșĐ»Ńб ĐČĐŸ ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸ (2016) â Macedonian")
- [àŽźàŽČàŽŻàŽŸàŽłàŽ](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2_2016 "àŽà”ŒàŽČàŽŸà”»àŽĄà” àŽšàŽżàŽ¶àŽŸàŽà”àŽČàŽŹà” àŽà”àŽà”àŽàŽà”àŽà”àŽČ 2016 â Malayalam")
- [Malti](https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-isparar_fid-diskoteka_Pulse_f%27Orlando "L-isparar fid-diskoteka Pulse f'Orlando â Maltese")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schietpartij_in_Orlando_op_12_juni_2016 "Schietpartij in Orlando op 12 juni 2016 â Dutch")
- [Norsk bokmĂ„l](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorangrepet_i_Orlando_12._juni_2016 "Terrorangrepet i Orlando 12. juni 2016 â Norwegian BokmĂ„l")
- [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusilhada_del_12_de_junh_de_2016_a_Orlando "Fusilhada del 12 de junh de 2016 a Orlando â Occitan")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strzelanina_w_klubie_nocnym_w_Orlando "Strzelanina w klubie nocnym w Orlando â Polish")
- [PortuguĂȘs](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massacre_de_Orlando "Massacre de Orlando â Portuguese")
- [RomĂąnÄ](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentatul_din_Orlando_\(2016\) "Atentatul din Orlando (2016) â Romanian")
- [Đ ŃŃŃĐșĐžĐč](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE "ĐĐ°ŃŃĐŸĐČĐŸĐ” ŃбОĐčŃŃĐČĐŸ ĐČ ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸ â Russian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Orlando nightclub shooting â Simple English")
- [ĐĄŃĐżŃĐșĐž / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napad_u_no%C4%87nom_klubu_Puls_u_Orlandu "Napad u noÄnom klubu Puls u Orlandu â Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrord%C3%A5det_i_Orlando_2016 "TerrordĂ„det i Orlando 2016 â Swedish")
- [àź€àźźàźżàźŽàŻ](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81 "2016 àźàź°àŻàźČàźŸàźŁàŻàźàŻ àźàź°àź”àŻàźàŻ àźàŻàźàźČàźàź€àŻàź€àźżàźČàŻ àź€àŻàźȘàŻàźȘàźŸàźàŻàźàźżàźàŻ àźàŻàźàŻ â Tamil")
- [TĂŒrkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Orlando_gece_kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC_sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1s%C4%B1 "2016 Orlando gece kulĂŒbĂŒ saldırısı â Turkish")
- [йаŃĐ°ŃŃĐ° / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlandoda%C4%9F%C4%B1_massak%C3%BCl%C3%A4m_%C3%BCtere%C5%9Fe_\(iy%C3%BCn,_2016\) "OrlandodaÄı massakĂŒlĂ€m ĂŒtereĆe (iyĂŒn, 2016) â Tatar")
- [ĐŁĐșŃĐ°ŃĐœŃŃĐșĐ°](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96_%D0%B2_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE "ĐĄŃŃŃĐ»ŃĐœĐžĐœĐ° Ń ĐœŃŃĐœĐŸĐŒŃ ĐșĐ»ŃĐ±Ń ĐČ ĐŃĐ»Đ°ĐœĐŽĐŸ â Ukrainian")
- [Tiáșżng Viá»t](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%E1%BA%A3_s%C3%BAng_t%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%99p_%C4%91%C3%AAm_%E1%BB%9F_Orlando_2016 "XáșŁ sĂșng táșĄi há»p ÄĂȘm á» Orlando 2016 â Vietnamese")
- [ćŽèŻ](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7%E6%9E%AA%E5%87%BB%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6 "2016ćčŽć„„ć
°ć€é
ć§æȘć»äș件 â Wu")
- [çČ”èȘ](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%9A%E9%85%92%E5%90%A7%E6%A7%8D%E6%93%8A%E6%A1%88 "愧èć€é
ć§æ§ææĄ â Cantonese")
- [äžæ](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%9C%E5%BA%97%E6%9E%AA%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88 "ć„„ć
°ć€ć€ćșæȘć»æĄ â Chinese")
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[Coordinates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system"): [28°31âČ10.5âłN 81°22âČ36.5âłWï»ż / ï»ż28\.519583°N 81.376806°Wï»ż / 28\.519583; -81.376806](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pulse_nightclub_shooting¶ms=28_31_10.5_N_81_22_36.5_W_region:US-FL_type:event)
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2016 mass shooting in Florida, U.S.
| Pulse nightclub shooting | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_Avenue_closed_during_Pulse_shooting_\(cropped2\).jpg)The scene of the shooting | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Map/17/28.519583333333/-81.376805555556/en) | |
| Location | [28°31âČ10.5âłN 81°22âČ36.5âłWï»ż / ï»ż28\.519583°N 81.376806°Wï»ż / 28\.519583; -81.376806](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pulse_nightclub_shooting¶ms=28_31_10.5_N_81_22_36.5_W_region:US-FL_type:event) Pulse nightclub 1912 S. Orange Avenue [Orlando, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"), U.S. |
| Date | June 12, 2016; 9 years ago (2016-06-12) 02:02 a.m. â 05:14 a.m. ([EDT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone "Eastern Time Zone"); [UTCâ04:00](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00 "UTCâ04:00")) |
| Target | Patrons of [Pulse nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_\(nightclub\) "Pulse (nightclub)") (targeted as people of the United States and perceived [allies of Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war"))[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USIS-1)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3) |
| Attack type | [Mass shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shooting "Mass shooting") [mass murder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_murder "Mass murder") [hostage-taking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostage-taking "Hostage-taking") [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States") [shootout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shootout "Shootout") |
| Weapons | [5\.56 NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.56_NATO "5.56 NATO") [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_Sauer_MCX "SIG Sauer MCX") [semi-automatic rifle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle "Semi-automatic rifle") [9mm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9x19_Parabellum "9x19 Parabellum") [Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock#Glock_17 "Glock") [semi-automatic pistol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol "Semi-automatic pistol") [.38 Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_Special ".38 Special") [Smith & Wesson revolver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson "Smith & Wesson") (unused) |
| Deaths | 50 (including the perpetrator) |
| Injured | 58 (53 by gunfire)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) |
| Perpetrator | [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen") |
| Motive | Attempt to demand an end to U.S. airstrikes that were [killing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State#Civilians "War against the Islamic State") women, children, and "a lot of innocent people" (in [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war") and [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)"))[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USIS-1) and retaliation for [U.S. killing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killing#Use_by_United_States_government "Targeted killing") of [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb#Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Abu Waheeb").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-headline_ISIL-5) |
| Charges | **Perpetrator's wife** [Aiding and abetting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiding_and_abetting "Aiding and abetting") the commission of a [terrorist act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") [Obstruction of justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice "Obstruction of justice") |
| Verdict | **Perpetrator's wife** [Not guilty on both charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquittal "Acquittal") |
On June 12, 2016, 29-year-old [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen") shot and killed 49 people and wounded 58 more in a [mass shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shooting "Mass shooting") at [Pulse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_\(nightclub\) "Pulse (nightclub)"), a [gay nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bar "Gay bar") in [Orlando, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"), United States. Pulse was hosting a "Latin Night", and most of the victims were of [Latino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") descent.
In a [911](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/911_\(emergency_telephone_number\) "911 (emergency telephone number)") call made shortly after the shooting began, Mateen [swore allegiance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%27ah "Bay'ah") to the leader of [ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State"), [Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"), and said the U.S. killing of [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") in Iraq the previous month "triggered" the shooting.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Fitzsimons_NBC-6) He later told a negotiator he was "out here right now" because of the American-led interventions [in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%93present\) "American-led intervention in Iraq (2014âpresent)") and [in Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria "American-led intervention in Syria") and that the negotiator should tell the United States to stop the bombing. The incident was deemed a [terrorist attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_attack "Terrorist attack") by [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") investigators.
[Orlando Police officers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Police_Department "Orlando Police Department") fatally shot Mateen after a three-hour standoff. The shooting was the deadliest [terrorist attack in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") since the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks"), and the [deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States#Deadliest_mass_shootings_since_1949 "Mass shootings in the United States") until the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting").
## Shooting
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Shooting")\]
### First shots and hostage situation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: First shots and hostage situation")\]
On June 11, 2016, Pulse, a [gay nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bar "Gay bar") in Orlando, Florida, was hosting "Latin Night", a weekly Saturday night event drawing a primarily [Latino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") crowd.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-8) *[RuPaulâs Drag Race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuPaul%E2%80%99s_Drag_Race "RuPaulâs Drag Race")* contestant and drag queen [Kenya Michaels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Michaels "Kenya Michaels") is recorded to have been performing right as the shooting began (Michaels survived the shooting).[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-9) About 320 people were still inside the club, which was serving [last call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_call_\(bar_term\) "Last call (bar term)") drinks at around 2:00 a.m. EDT on June 12.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-SantoraLastCall-11) At around the same time, Omar Mateen arrived at the club via rental van, parking it in the parking lot of a neighboring car shop.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-timeline_tampabay-12) He got out and walked toward the building armed with a [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_Sauer_MCX "SIG Sauer MCX")[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911CallSignificance-13) semi-automatic rifle and a [9mm Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock_17 "Glock 17") semi-automatic pistol.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NPR_AR15-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NRB_AR15-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Time_AR15-16)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-JansenUSAToday-17) He was wearing a green, blue, and white plaid dress shirt, a white T-shirt underneath, and tan cargo pants.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) At 2:02 a.m., Mateen bypassed Officer Adam Gruler, a uniformed off-duty [Orlando Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Police_Department "Orlando Police Department") (OPD) officer working extra duty[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TMZVideo-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews1-19) as a security guard, entered the building through its southern entrance, and began shooting patrons.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-SantoraLastCall-11)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20) Dozens were killed or severely injured inside the crowded nightclub, either directly or by ricochets.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)
Gruler took cover and called in a signal for assistance. He told a post-incident Police Foundation assessment team that he had immediately recognized that his handgun would be severely disadvantaged against the rifle Mateen was using.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) When he witnessed Mateen shooting two patrons attempting to escape through an emergency exit, Gruler fired shots at him.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NBC.Shooting-22) In response, Mateen withdrew back into the nightclub and continued shooting victims as he traversed through the building, sometimes firing into bodies without checking whether they were already dead.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) When additional officers arrived at the nightclub beginning at 2:04 a.m., Gruler shouted "\[The gunman\]'s in the patio!" and resumed firing at Mateen a minute later.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews1-19)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel_Timeline-23) Two officers joined Gruler in engaging Mateen, who then retreated farther into the nightclub and "began a 'hostage situation'" in one of the bathrooms.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) In less than five minutes, Mateen had fired approximately 200 rounds, pausing only to reload.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)
During the shooting, some of the people trapped inside the club sought help by calling or sending [text messages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messages "Text messages") to friends and relatives. Initially, some of them thought the gunshots were firecrackers or part of the music.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYT.Visual-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AlvarezAnguish-27)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleLawlerAlexander-28) Imran Yousuf, a recently discharged [Marine Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps") veteran working as a nightclub bouncer, immediately recognized the sounds as gunfire, which he described as "high caliber." Yousuf then noticed a locked back door near where a group of people were hiding, all too paralyzed by fear to move to open it. He then ran to and unlatched the door behind them, allowing approximately 70 people to escape unharmed.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-30) Many described a scene of panic and confusion caused by the loud music and darkness. One person shielded herself by hiding inside a bathroom and covering herself with bodies. A bartender said she took cover beneath the glass bar. At least one patron tried to help those who were hit.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31) According to a man trapped inside a bathroom with fifteen other patrons, Mateen fired sixteen times into the bathroom, through the closed door, killing at least two and wounding several others.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-32)
According to one of the hostages, Mateen entered a bathroom in the nightclub's northwest side and opened fire on the people hiding there, wounding several. The hostage, who had taken cover inside a stall with others, was injured by two bullets and struck with flying pieces of a wall hit by stray bullets. Shortly after entering the women's restroom, Mateen's rifle jammed. He then discarded the rifle and switched to his Glock 17 pistol.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GMA.Recounts-34)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews2-35) Two survivors quoted Mateen as saying, "I don't have a problem with black people,"[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-37) and that he "wouldn't stop his assault until America stopped bombing his country."[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-38) Other survivors heard Mateen claim he had explosives as well as snipers stationed around the club.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-39)
Patrons trapped inside called or texted 911 to warn of the possible presence of explosives.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)
### Emergency response
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Emergency response")\]
Over the next 45 minutes, about 100 officers from the OPD and the [Orange County Sheriff's Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Sheriff%27s_Office_\(Florida\) "Orange County Sheriff's Office (Florida)") were dispatched to the scene.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) Among the earliest [first responders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_responder "First responder") to arrive were a firefighter crew from Fire Station 5 and two supporting firefighter paramedics from Fire Station 7. Eighty fire and [emergency medical services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_services "Emergency medical services") personnel from the Orlando Fire Department were deployed during the entire incident.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-41) At 2:09 a.m., several minutes after the gunfire began, the club posted on its [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") page, "Everyone get out of pulse \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] and keep running."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42) At 2:22 a.m., Mateen placed a [911](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/911_\(emergency_telephone_number\) "911 (emergency telephone number)") call, during which he mentioned the [Boston Marathon bombers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing "Boston Marathon bombing")â[Tamerlan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev "Tamerlan Tsarnaev") and [Dzhokhar Tsarnaev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev")âas his "homeboys" and made a reference to [Moner Mohammad Abu Salha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moner_Mohammad_Abu_Salha "Moner Mohammad Abu Salha"), an American citizen who died in a suicide bombing in Syria in 2014.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Barrett-WSJ-43)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-wburFBI-44) Mateen said he was inspired by Abu Salha's death for the [Al-Nusra Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front "Al-Nusra Front") targeting [Syrian government troops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces "Syrian Arab Armed Forces") (a mutual enemy of the two Salafist groups, despite their history of violence with each other), and [swore allegiance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%27ah "Bay'ah")[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-45) to ISIS leader al-Baghdadi.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-businessinsidercomey-46) The FBI said that Mateen and Abu Salha had attended the same mosque and knew each other "casually."[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-47) Mateen made two other 911 calls during the shooting.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-wburFBI-44) Numerous 911 calls were made by the patrons inside the nightclub around this time.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911_Calls_by_Pulse_Patrons-48)
After the initial rounds of gunfire between Mateen and Gruler, six officers shot out a large glass window and followed the sound of shooting to the bathroom area. When Mateen stuck his head out from one of the bathrooms, at least two officers shot at him. After the gunfire stopped, they were ordered to hold position instead of storming the bathroom, according to one of the officers.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HausMcCrum-49) After about 15 to 20 minutes, [SWAT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAT "SWAT") arrived and had the officers withdraw as the officers were "not really in tactical gear." SWAT then took over the operation.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HausMcCrum-49) When asked why the officers did not proceed to the bathroom and engage Mateen, Orlando Police Chief [John Mina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mina "John Mina") said it was because Mateen "went from an active shooter to a barricaded gunman" and had hostages. He also noted, "If he had continued shooting, our officers would have went in there."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33) At that time, the last shot by Mateen was fired between 2:10 a.m. and 2:18 a.m.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50)
Rescues of people trapped inside the nightclub commenced and continued throughout the night. Because so many people were lying on the dance floor, one rescuing officer demanded, "If you're alive, raise your hand."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21) By 2:35 a.m., police had managed to extract nearly all of the injured from the nightclub. Those who remained included the hostages held by Mateen in the bathroom, as well as a dozen people who were hiding inside dressing rooms.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)
### Phone calls and negotiations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Phone calls and negotiations")\]
At 2:45 a.m., Mateen called [News 13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_13 "News 13") of Orlando and said, "I'm the shooter. It's me. I am the shooter." He then said he was carrying out the shooting on the behalf of ISIS and began speaking rapidly in Arabic.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-53) Mateen also said the shooting was "triggered" by a U.S.-led bombing strike in Iraq that killed [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb"), an IS military commander, on May 6.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)
When speaking to the negotiator he first told them that he pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and then said:
> "you have to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq. They are killing a lot of innocent people. What am I to do here when my people are getting killed over there?"[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_via-54)
In response to their earlier questions he repeatedly demanded that the U.S. stop the bombings in Iraq and Syria, "...You have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing. They are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?"[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55) His anger was directed at Russia as well as the United States.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)
When the negotiator asked about the immediate situation in Orlando, "Tell me what's going on right now, Omar?" Mateen again redirected the conversation to the ongoing situation in the Middle East, "Yo, the air strike that killed Abu Wahid a few weeks ago... That's what triggered it, okay?"[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2) Multiple reports named [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") â usually named as "Abu Wahid" â and described him as an ISIS leader, formerly belonging to [al Qaeda in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_Iraq "Al Qaeda in Iraq").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55) Abu Wahid was killed in airstrike on a vehicle on 6 May 2016 in [Rutba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutba "Rutba"), the strike also killed 3 other people, whom the pentagon claimed were also "ISIL jihadists".[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-56)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-57)
Only transcripts were released; the audio was withheld.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-58) The [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") initially released partial transcripts that omitted some details, they claimed that this was because they wanted to avoid providing a public platform for "hateful propaganda".[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59) The press release did not specify that the entities that the propaganda message was directed against were the [U.S. Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_Force "U.S. Air Force") and [Russian Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force "Russian Air Force").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3) Earlier versions specifically omitted the name of ISIS leader [Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"), and said "(speaking in another language)" in place of the [Basmala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmala "Basmala"): "In the name of God the Merciful, the beneficent", but these were included in a later update.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-60)
A [crisis negotiator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_negotiator "Crisis negotiator") was present as Mateen was held up inside and holding hostages.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Reuters-62) Officers initially believed he was armed with a "suspicious device" that posed a threat, but it was later revealed to be a battery that fell out of an exit sign or smoke detector.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-63)
Police hostage negotiators spoke with Mateen by telephone three times between 2:48 a.m. and 3:27 a.m.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) He claimed during one of the calls that he had bombs strapped to his body.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) He also claimed that he "had a vehicle in the parking lot with enough explosives to take out city blocks."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21) At 3:58 a.m., the OPD publicly announced the shooting and confirmed multiple injuries.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) At 4:21 a.m., eight of the hostages escaped after police had removed an air conditioning unit from an exterior wall.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) At approximately 4:29 a.m., Mateen told negotiators that he planned to strap explosive vests, similar to those used in the [November 2015 Paris attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks "November 2015 Paris attacks"), to four hostages, strategically place them in different corners of the building, and detonate them in 15 minutes.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61) OPD officers then decided to end negotiations and prepared to blow their way in.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYT.Visual-26)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)
At around 2:30 a.m., Mateen's wifeâafter receiving a call from her mother at approximately 2:00 a.m. asking where her husband wasâsent a text message to Mateen asking where he was. Mateen texted back asking her if she had seen the news. After she replied, "No?," Mateen responded, "I love you, babe." According to one source, she texted him back at one point saying that she loved him. She also called him several times during the standoff, but he did not answer. She found out about what was happening at 4:00 a.m. after the police told her to come out of her house with her hands up.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-65)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-66)
A survivor of the shooting recalled Mateen saying he wanted the United States to "stop bombing his country."[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-67)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-68) The FBI said Mateen "told a negotiator to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq and that was why he was 'out here right now.'"[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) During the siege, Mateen made Internet searches on the shooting, while police dispatched a tactical robot to discreetly enter the restroom and allow them to communicate with hostages via two-way audio.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)
### Rescue and resolution
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Rescue and resolution")\]
Orange County Sheriff's Office body-camera footage, showing police responding to the massacre.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20160612PulseNightclubExteriorHoles.JPG)
Pulse nightclub exterior, with holes made by the [BearCat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenco_BearCat "Lenco BearCat") and bullet holes
The FBI reported that no shots were heard between the time Mateen stopped exchanging gunfire with the first responders and 5:02 a.m., when Orlando police began breaching the building's wall.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) Just before the breach, Mateen entered a women's bathroom where the hostages were hiding and opened fire, killing a man who sacrificed his life to save the woman behind him and at least one other, according to witnesses.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GMA.Recounts-34)
At 5:05 a.m., the police said a [bomb squad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_squad "Bomb squad") had set off a [controlled explosion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_explosion "Controlled explosion").[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USAToday-69) At 5:07 a.m., fourteen SWAT officersâafter failing to blow open a big enough hole in the bathroom's exterior wall using a bomb due to the wall's structure[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)âsuccessfully breached the building when a policeman drove a [BearCat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BearCat "BearCat") armored vehicle through a wall in the northern bathroom. They then used two [flashbangs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stun_grenade "Stun grenade") to distract Mateen, and shot at him.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-71) The breach drew Mateen out into the hallway, and at 5:14 a.m., he engaged the officers. He was shot eight times and killed in the resulting shootout, which involved at least eleven officers who fired about 150 bullets.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BBC_summary-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-74) He was reported "down" at 5:17 a.m.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70) His autopsy report revealed that he was not drunk during the shooting, and he was hit once in the head, three times in the torso, and four times in the legs.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-75)
At 5:53 a.m., the Orlando police posted on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"), "Pulse Shooting: The shooter inside the club is dead."[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) Thirty hostages were freed during the police operation.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-guardian1-76) The survivors were searched by police for guns and explosives.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)
## Casualties
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Casualties")\]
Forty-nine people died in the incident, plus Mateen, and another 58 were injured, 53 by gunfire and five by other causes. Some survivors were critically injured.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-77)
### Fatalities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Fatalities")\]
Thirty-nine, including Mateen, were pronounced dead at the scene, and eleven at local hospitals.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42) Of the thirty-eight victims to die at the scene, twenty died on the stage area and dance floor, nine in the nightclub's northern bathroom, four in the southern bathroom, three on the stage, one at the front lobby, and one out on a patio.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews2-35) At least five of the dead were not killed during the initial volley of gunfire by Mateen, but during the hostage situation in the bathroom.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)
Pulse was hosting a Latin Night; over 90% of the victims were of [Hispanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") background, and half of those were of [Puerto Rican descent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States "Puerto Ricans in the United States").[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-79) Four [Dominican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic "Dominican Republic") and three [Mexican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico "Mexico") nationals were also among the dead.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-81) An off-duty [United States Army Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve "United States Army Reserve") captain at the club who was not in uniform was also killed.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-83)
The attack was the deadliest mass shooting by a single shooter in United States history, until the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting")[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-85)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-86)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-87)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-88) It is also the deadliest incident of violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in the history of the United Statesâsurpassing the 1973 [UpStairs Lounge arson attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UpStairs_Lounge_arson_attack "UpStairs Lounge arson attack")[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-89)âand the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States since the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks") in 2001.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-90)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-91)
The names and ages of the victims killed were confirmed by the City of Orlando after their [next of kin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_of_kin "Next of kin") had been notified:[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-92)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-93)
- Stanley Almodovar III, 23
- Amanda Alvear, 25
- Oscar A. Aracena-Montero, 26
- Rodolfo Ayala-Ayala, 33
- Alejandro Barrios Martinez, 21
- Martin Benitez Torres, 33
- Antonio D. Brown, 30
- Darryl R. Burt II, 29
- Jonathan A. Camuy Vega, 24
- Angel L. Candelario-Padro, 28
- Simon A. Carrillo Fernandez, 31
- Juan Chavez-Martinez, 25
- Luis D. Conde, 39
- Cory J. Connell, 21
- Tevin E. Crosby, 25
- Franky J. Dejesus Velazquez, 50
- Deonka D. Drayton, 32
- Mercedez M. Flores, 26
- Peter O. Gonzalez-Cruz, 22
- Juan R. Guerrero, 22
- Paul T. Henry, 41
- Frank Hernandez, 27
- Miguel A. Honorato, 30
- Javier Jorge-Reyes, 40
- Jason B. Josaphat, 19
- Eddie J. Justice, 30
- Anthony L. Laureano Disla, 25
- Christopher A. Leinonen, 32
- Brenda L. Marquez McCool, 49
- Jean C. Mendez Perez, 35
- Akyra Monet Murray, 18
- Kimberly Morris, 37
- Jean C. Nieves Rodriguez, 27
- Luis O. Ocasio-Capo, 20
- Geraldo A. Ortiz-Jimenez, 25
- Eric Ivan Ortiz-Rivera, 36
- Joel Rayon Paniagua, 32
- Enrique L. Rios Jr., 25
- Juan P. Rivera Velazquez, 37
- Yilmary Rodriguez Solivan, 24
- Christopher J. Sanfeliz, 24
- Xavier Emmanuel Serrano Rosado, 35
- Gilberto Ramon Silva Menendez, 25
- Edward Sotomayor Jr., 34
- Shane E. Tomlinson, 33
- Leroy Valentin Fernandez, 25
- Luis S. Vielma, 22
- Luis Daniel Wilson-Leon, 37
- Jerald A. Wright, 31
Autopsies of the 49 dead were completed by the Orange County Medical Examiner's Office by June 14,[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AutopsiesDischarged-94) and their results were released in early August. According to the autopsy reports, many of the victims were shot multiple times in the front or side, and from a short distance. More than a third were shot in the head, and most had multiple bullet wounds and were likely shot more than 3 ft (0.91 m) away. In total, there were over 200 gunshot wounds.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-95)[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-96)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-97)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-98)
### Injuries
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Injuries")\]
Many of the injured underwent surgery.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-99) Most of themâ44 peopleâwere taken to the [Orlando Regional Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Regional_Medical_Center "Orlando Regional Medical Center") (ORMC), the primary regional [trauma center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma_center "Trauma center") three blocks away; twelve others went to [Florida Hospital Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdventHealth_Orlando "AdventHealth Orlando").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AutopsiesDischarged-94)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTInitial-100)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-101) Nine of ORMC's patients died there, and by June 14, 27 remained hospitalized, with six in critical condition.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Discharged-102) ORMC performed 76 surgeries on 35 patients.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-103) The last of the injured was discharged from ORMC on September 6, nearly three months after the shooting.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Discharged-102)
Three [Colombians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombians "Colombians") and two [Canadians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadians "Canadians") were among the injured.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-104)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-105) Additionally, a responding SWAT officer received a minor head injury when a bullet hit his [Kevlar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar "Kevlar") helmet.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-106)
## Perpetrator
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Perpetrator")\]
Main article: [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Omar_Mateen.jpg)
[Driver's license](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license "Driver's license") photo of Mateen
The gunman was identified as 29-year-old Omar Mateen,[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shooter-107) an American born in [New Hyde Park, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hyde_Park,_New_York "New Hyde Park, New York").[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-LotanBrinkmannStutzman-108)[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-109) His parents were [Afghans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghans "Afghans"), and he was raised Muslim.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Early-110) At the time of the shooting, he lived in an apartment complex in [Fort Pierce, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pierce,_Florida "Fort Pierce, Florida"), 117 mi (188 km) from the Pulse nightclub in Orlando.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-111)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cbslocal-112)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TCPalm-113)
Mateen's body was buried in the Muslim Cemetery of South Florida, near [Hialeah Gardens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hialeah_Gardens,_Florida "Hialeah Gardens, Florida").[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-114)
### Personal life
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Personal life")\]
From October 2006 until April 2007, Mateen trained to be a [prison guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_guard "Prison guard") for the [Florida Department of Corrections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Corrections "Florida Department of Corrections"). As a probationary employee, he received an "administrative termination (not involving misconduct)"[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Swisher-115) upon a warden's recommendation after Mateen joked about bringing a gun to school.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-corrections-116) Mateen unsuccessfully pursued a career in [law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement "Law enforcement"), failing to become a [Florida state trooper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Highway_Patrol "Florida Highway Patrol") in 2011 and to gain admission to a [police academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_academy "Police academy") in 2015.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Swisher-115) According to a police academy classmate, Mateen threatened to shoot his classmates at a cookout in 2007 "after his hamburger touched pork" in violation of [Islamic dietary laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws "Islamic dietary laws").[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-117)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-118)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-119)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-120) Other witnesses said that they saw Mateen drink alcohol and even "get drunk."[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-121)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-122)
Since 2007, he had been a security guard for [G4S Secure Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4S_Secure_Solutions "G4S Secure Solutions").[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TBTWhatWeKnow-123)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-124) The company said two screeningsâone conducted upon hiring and the other in 2013âhad raised no red flags.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-125) Mateen held an active statewide [firearms license](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearms_license "Firearms license") and an active security officer license,[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-ABCWhatWeKknow-126)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-127) had passed a [psychological test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_test "Psychological test"), and had no criminal record.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-128)
After the shooting, the psychologist who reportedly evaluated and cleared Mateen for his firearms license in 2007 by G4S records denied ever meeting him or having lived in Florida at the time, and said she had stopped her practice in Florida since January 2006. G4S admitted Mateen's form had a "clerical error" and clarified that he had instead been cleared by another psychologist from the same firm that bought the wrongly named doctor's practice. This doctor had not interviewed Mateen, but evaluated the results of a standard test used in the screening he undertook before being hired.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-129) G4S was subsequently fined for lapses in its psychological testing program (see [below](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Aftermath)).\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
In 2009, Mateen married his first wife, who left him after a few months; the couple's divorce became final in 2011. Following the nightclub attack, she said Mateen was "mentally unstable and mentally ill" and "obviously disturbed, deeply, and traumatized," was often [physically abusive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence "Domestic violence"), and had a history of using [steroids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroids "Anabolic steroids").[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYPost-130)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-131)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-132)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-133) His autopsy revealed signs of long-term and habitual steroid use, so more toxicology tests were ordered for confirmation.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MateenAutopsy-134) As of July 15, 2016, federal investigators were uncertain whether Mateen's steroid use was a factor in the attack.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-135)
At the time of the shooting, Mateen was married to his second wife and had a young son.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-136)
In September 2016, an imam for a mosque in [Kissimmee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissimmee,_Florida "Kissimmee, Florida") released video footage showing what appeared to be Mateen on June 8, four days before the shooting, praying for about ten minutes. The imam said Mateen was praying there with his wife and child, and had no verbal exchanges with any of the other attendants. Though the FBI was already in possession of the mosque's security recordings, the video footage was released to the public only after a [series of bombings or bombing attempts in New York and New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_New_York_and_New_Jersey_bombings "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings"), and a [mass stabbing at a Minnesota shopping mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_St._Cloud,_Minnesota_knife_attack "2016 St. Cloud, Minnesota knife attack") in September 2016.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-137)
### Motive
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Motive")\]
In the hours before the shooting, Mateen used several [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") accounts to write posts vowing vengeance for American airstrikes in Iraq and Syria and to search for content related to terrorism. These posts, since deleted, were recovered and included in an [open letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_letter "Open letter")[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-138) by Senate Homeland Security Chairman [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson") to Facebook CEO [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") seeking further information about Mateen's use of the site.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-139)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-140)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-141)
During the shooting, Mateen made a 911 call claiming it was an act of retaliation for the airstrike killing of, among others, IS militant [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") in the previous month. He told the negotiator to tell America to stop the bombing.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-142)
Despite numerous anonymous and named reports of [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_people "LGBTQ people") connections,[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-143)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-144)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-classmate-145)[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Sandoval13June-146)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-147) the FBI was unable to verify any claims that Mateen was homosexual or frequented gay bars.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148) The FBI investigation found the witnesses claiming Mateen's [homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality "Homosexuality") were mistaken or refused to go on the record, and doubts that Mateen was gay.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-149)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BullChris-150) Law enforcement sources said the FBI found no photographs, text messages, smartphone apps, pornography, or cell tower location data to suggest Mateen lived a gay life, [closeted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeted "Closeted") or otherwise.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBI_OM_not_gay-151)
On the day of the shooting, Mateen's father, Mir Seddique Mateen, said that he had seen his son get angry after seeing a gay couple kiss in front of his family at the [Bayside Marketplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayside_Marketplace "Bayside Marketplace") in Miami months prior to the shooting, which he suggested might have been a motivating factor.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NBC.Shooting-22)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-152)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-153) Two days later, after his son's sexual orientation became a subject of speculation, Mateen's father said he did not believe his son was homosexual.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-154) Mateen's ex-wife, however, claimed that his father called him gay while in her presence. Speaking on her behalf, her current fiancé said that she, his family, and others believed he was gay, and that "the FBI asked her not to tell this to the American media."[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYPost-130)
During his wife's trial in March 2018, her defense revealed in a motion that Mateen had Googled "downtown Orlando nightclubs" and, after passing [Disney Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Springs "Disney Springs"), traveled between Pulse and the Eve Orlando Nightclub before choosing to target Pulse. Cell phone records indicate that the final selection of the Pulse appears to have been made based on the lack of security â not because it was a gay club.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-155) Trial witnesses said the decision to target Pulse was made at the last minute,[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-156) and the defense's motion argued that this "strongly suggests that the attack on Pulse was not a result of a prior plan to attack a gay nightclub."[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald2018-157)
## Aftermath
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Aftermath")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Washington_DC_Vigil_for_Orlando_\(27623767946\).jpg)
Vigil in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), June 13, 2016
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stonewall_Inn_with_Orlando_nightclub_shooting_memorial_during_Pride_2016_\(50126p\).jpg)
A memorial to victims of the shooting in front the [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn"), just after it was [designated a National Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument "Stonewall National Monument")
[Security-camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television "Closed-circuit television") video footage was recovered from the nightclub as part of the investigation,[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-158) with a censored version later publicly released during the trial of Mateen's wife.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-159) Facebook activated its "[Safety Check](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check "Facebook Safety Check")" feature in the Orlando area following the shooting, allowing users to mark themselves as "safe" to notify family and friendsâthe first use of the feature in the United States.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shapiro-160)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Boggs-161)
Following the shooting, many business venues in the United States, such as shopping malls, movie theaters, bars, and concert halls, reexamined their security procedures.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HalzackHuiO'Connell-162)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-163) Also, police forces across the country announced plans to increase security at LGBTQ landmarks such as the [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn") and at [Pride Month](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_Month "Pride Month") events including [pride parades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade "Pride parade").[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-164)
Seddique Mateen released a [Dari language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari_language "Dari language") video statement via Facebook on June 13 to speak about his son's actions.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-165)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-166)
On the day of the attack, IS had released a statement via [Amaq News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency "Amaq News Agency"), taking responsibility for the attack.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-167) On June 13, a broadcast from the Iraqi IS radio station [al-Bayan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayan_\(radio_station\) "Al-Bayan (radio station)") said Mateen was "one of the soldiers of the caliphate in America," without indicating any foreknowledge of the shooting.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)
On September 10, the [Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_and_Consumer_Services "Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services") fined [G4S Secure Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4S_Secure_Solutions "G4S Secure Solutions") \$151,400 for providing inaccurate psychological testing information on more than 1,500 forms over a ten-year period, which allowed employees to carry firearms. Mateen's form was among those investigated.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-169)
On November 4, it was reported that the Orlando Police Department was upgrading its equipment for officers following the shooting, since officers at the nightclub were not well-equipped for the event and therefore endangered. The upgraded equipment included ballistic helmets and heavier ballistic vests.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-170)
Following the shooting and a [vehicle-ramming attack and mass stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_University_attack "Ohio State University attack") at [Ohio State University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_University "Ohio State University") in [Columbus, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio "Columbus, Ohio"), a new federal initiative was launched, partially in response to at least one victim bleeding to death inside Pulse during the shooting. The initiative was designed to train people working at schools and other public places on how to treat injuries before paramedics arrive at the scene. Doctors have emphasized the importance for school faculty members to stay calm and assess injuries, but also discouraged the use of more invasive emergency procedures such as removing a bullet.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-171)
### Victim assistance efforts
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Victim assistance efforts")\]
The FBI's Office of Victim Assistance (OVA) provided "information, assistance services, and resources" to the victims and witnesses of the shooting that, depending on their case-by-case eligibility, may have consisted of "special funding to provide emergency assistance, crime victim compensation, and counseling."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-G-MenAgency-172) The OVA, through its Victim Assistance Rapid Deployment Team and Crisis Response Canines, also provided help to responders of the shooting in the days following June 12.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-173)
Immediately after the shooting, many people lined up to [donate blood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donate_blood "Donate blood") at local [blood donation centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blood_donation_agencies_in_the_United_States "List of blood donation agencies in the United States") and [bloodmobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodmobile "Bloodmobile") locations when OneBlood, a regional blood donation agency, urged people to donate.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-174)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-175) The surge in blood donations and the fact that the shooting occurred in a gay nightclub spotlighted the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration")'s [controversial federal policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy "Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy") that forbids [men who had sex with men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men "Men who have sex with men") in the past year from donating blood. Despite expressions of frustration and disapproval by a number of gay and bisexual men, and LGBTQ activists across the country and a group of [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") lawmakers[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-176) urging the ban to be lifted, the FDA stated on June 14 that it had no plans to change the regulation and will reevaluate its policies "as new scientific information becomes available."[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-177)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-178)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-179)
A victims' assistance center, Orlando Family Assistance Center, was opened on June 15 inside [Camping World Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camping_World_Stadium "Camping World Stadium") by the City of Orlando.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-180)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-181) During the eight days it was open, it provided help to 956 people from 298 families. Those remaining were then directed to the newly opened Orlando United Assistance Center jointly set up by the City and [Orange County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida "Orange County, Florida"), which, according to the mayor of Orlando, "will stay open as long as there is a need."[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-182)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-183)
The two hospitals that treated Pulse victims, Orlando Regional Medical Center and Florida Hospital, announced in late August that they will not be billing the survivors or pursuing reimbursement.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-184)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-185)
The City of Orlando offered free plots and funeral services at the city-owned [Greenwood Cemetery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Cemetery_\(Orlando,_Florida\) "Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Florida)") for those killed in the shooting.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-186)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-187)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-188)
### Fundraising campaigns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Fundraising campaigns")\]
[Equality Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Florida "Equality Florida"), the state's largest [LGBTQ rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Florida "LGBTQ rights in Florida") group, started a fundraising page to aid the victims and their families, raising \$767,000 in the first nine hours.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shapiro-160)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnnwire-189)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-190) As of September 22, 2016, they have raised over \$7.85 million online, a record for [GoFundMe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoFundMe "GoFundMe"), with over 119,400 donors and an average of about \$66 per donation.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-191)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Kraft-192)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Wattles-193)
Another fundraising campaign, OneOrlando, was established by Mayor [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer").[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-194) [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") and [NBCUniversal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBCUniversal "NBCUniversal"), which operate the nearby [Walt Disney World Resort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort "Walt Disney World Resort") and [Universal Orlando Resort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Orlando_Resort "Universal Orlando Resort"), respectively, each donated \$1 million to the fund.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-195)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-196) As of August 12, OneOrlando has raised \$23 million,[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OneOrlandoRules-197) with a draft proposal to start payouts starting September 27 on a rolling basis in which the highest compensations will go to the families of the 49 people killed, followed by the 50 victims who were physically injured and hospitalized for one night or more. OneOrlando's fund administrator said that the draft has not decided whether to pay people who were held hostage but were not injured, and will take public feedback in two 90-minute hearings to be held on August 4. A timeline of the draft proposal was released.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-198)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-199) On August 11, its board of directors decided that the funds will only be dispersed to "the families of the dead, survivors who were hospitalized, survivors who sought outpatient medical treatment, and those who were present in the club when the shootings began but not physically injured," and that family members and survivors can start filing claims until the September 12 deadline.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OneOrlandoRules-197) As of December 1, OneOrlando paid out over \$27.4 million to 299 recipients, according to officials, with six more claims worth an additional \$2.1 million still being contested among family members of the slain victims.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-200)
[IDW Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDW_Publishing "IDW Publishing") and [DC Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Entertainment "DC Entertainment") created [*Love Is Love*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Is_Love_\(comics\) "Love Is Love (comics)"), a graphic novel sold to raise money for the victims. The novel became a New York Times best seller and more than \$165,000 was raised. Through [Equality Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Florida "Equality Florida"), the proceeds were donated to the OneOrlando Fund.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-201)
### Release of transcripts and videos
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Release of transcripts and videos")\]
A total of 603 calls to 911 were made by victims, family members and friends of victims, bystanders, and rescue workers during the entire shooting.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Flood-202) On June 14, two dozen news agencies sent a four-page letter to Orlando's city attorney jointly demanding the release of recordings that 911 callers made on the night of the shooting. The letter also contained a request for scanner and dispatch recordings. The Orlando police refused to release the recordings, citing an "ongoing investigation."[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-203)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-204) June 20, the FBI released a transcript of the first call by the shooter and a summary of three calls with police negotiators.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) On July 14, the [University of Central Florida Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida_Police_Department "University of Central Florida Police Department") released nine [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") videos of UCFPD officers who rushed to Pulse to help Orlando police officers during the incident.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-205)
On July 18, the City of Orlando released a detailed 71-page document of OPD officers' accounts and responses to the shooting. Requests to release recordings of 911 calls, police radio transmissions, and the exchanges between law enforcement and Mateen were denied, citing disagreements over whether they fall under local or federal jurisdiction. The status on the authority over the recordings is pending a court ruling.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-206)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-207)[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-208) On July 20, the Orange County Sheriff's Office (OCSO) released video footage from a body camera worn by one of its deputies during the incident.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-209) On July 26, the [Orange County Fire Rescue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Fire_Rescue "Orange County Fire Rescue") released a recording of a 911 call made during the shooting.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-210) On July 29, the OCSO released dozens of pages of documents detailing the deputies' individual accounts of their involvement in the shooting.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-211)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSOdocs-212) On August 30, the OCSO released the 911 calls it received during the shooting.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSO911ABC-213)[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSO911CNN-214) Two days later, OPD and the city of Orlando released nine of their hundreds of 911 calls, which were all made by friends and relatives outside of Pulse during the incident; the rest are locked in a legal dispute between 24 media groups, OPD, and the city of Orlando.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-215)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-216)[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-217)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-218)
On September 14, the city of Orlando released 23 additional 911 calls made during the shooting.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-219)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-220) These included calls made from rescue workers advising preparedness for dozens of victims,[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Flood-202) a patron who escaped from Pulse with a friend who was shot, and the brother of a woman who was shot several times and trapped inside a bathroom in the nightclub.[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-221) On October 31, the City of Orlando released nearly 30 minutes of recordings of police negotiators talking with Mateen during the course of the shooting, after a judge with the [Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Judicial_Circuit_Court_of_Florida "Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida") ruled that these calls should be made public. A total of 232 other calls are still being withheld by the city.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-222)[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-223)
On November 10, the Orange County Sheriff's office released about two dozen videos of [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") footage of officers at the perimeter of the nightclub during the shooting. The footage, which was heavily censored, depicted officers conducting searches of bathrooms in the nightclub and tending to survivors.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-224)[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-225)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-226) On November 14, the City of Orlando released 36 police audio recordings made during the shooting, which record officers' attempts to contact Mateen, their remarks on his "serious, unruffled attitude," and their conversations about how to respond to the hostage situation.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-227)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-228) Also released that day was an additional 911 call made by a woman who made it out of the nightclub with her sister, who was shot.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-229) The next day, on November 15, 21 additional 911 calls were released.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-230) This was followed by three additional hours of 911 calls released on November 16. In many of these calls, people trapped inside bathrooms, kitchens, and an upstairs office were questioning why police had yet to enter the nightclub.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50) Two days later, on November 18, 107 pages of transcripts of more than 30 911 calls were released. These calls were made during the first ten minutes of the shooting, and had to be released in the form of transcripts after a judge deemed them too graphic to be released as audio recordings. According to a city spokesman, all 911 calls made during the shooting have now been released to the public.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-231)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-232)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-233)
### Future of Pulse
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Future of Pulse")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pulse_Nightclub,_March_2017.jpg)
The Pulse building with the memorial fence in March 2017
On September 14, 2016, the City of Orlando announced it would pay \$4,518 to erect a new fence around the Pulse nightclub on September 19. The fence would feature a commemorative screen-wrap with local artwork that would serve as a memorial to the victims and survivors of the shooting.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WKMG.Changes-234)[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-235) It will also be smaller than the nightclub's previous fence, in order to allow for more efficient navigation by passers-by.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WKMG.Changes-234)
In November, the City of Orlando announced its plans to purchase the Pulse nightclub later that month for \$2.25 million and turn the site into a memorial for the victims and survivors of the shooting. The announcement was met with praise from Orlando's LGBTQ community.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-236) The vote was postponed with the city explaining that "more time was needed to plan a future memorial," and that there was some discomfort from city officials over having to pay such an amount of money.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-237) In December 2016, the owner declined to sell the nightclub to the city due to emotional attachment.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-238) The owner then created the OnePulse Foundation, and in May 2017, announced plans for a [memorial site and museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_Memorial_and_Museum "Pulse Memorial and Museum") originally slated to open in 2022.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-239)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-240) In late October 2023, OnePulse's plans for the Memorial and Museum were permanently suspended.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-241) The City of Orlando approved a purchase of the site to convert the temporary memorial into a permanent one.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-242) In December 2023, Mayor [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer") announced an approach in which the city will utilize the existing 501c3 and establish the Orlando United Pulse Memorial Fund, in an effort to raise funds for the permanent memorial. The fund will hope to raise from community donations, such as from local businesses, community organizations, and individuals.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-243)
On March 18, 2026, the Pulse building was demolished to make way for a \$12 million permanent memorial, planned to open in 2027.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-244) The Pulse nightclub sign was preserved and put into storage for usage in the future memorial.[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-245)
## Investigations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Investigations")\]
### Classification
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: Classification")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Obama_receives_an_update_on_Orlando_shooting.jpg)
President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") receives an update in the Oval Office from FBI Director [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey "James Comey") and Homeland Security Advisor [Lisa Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Monaco "Lisa Monaco") on the mass shooting.
Officials have characterized the shooting as an act of terrorism. [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") Assistant Special Agent in Charge Ron Hopper[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-246) called the shooting a hate crime and an act of terrorism;[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hatecrime-247) and Jerry Demings, a sheriff from the Orange County Sheriff's Office, classified it as [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10) City of Orlando Chief of Police John W. Mina said Mateen seemed organized and well-prepared.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AchenbachHolley-248) On March 13, 2018, the time of [Mateen's wife's trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Trial_and_acquittal_of_shooter's_wife) for aiding the attack, the FBI had still declined to classify it as a hate crime, and the prosecution said it had never contemplated arguing Mateen had targeted homosexuals.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-249) They instead only (unsuccessfully) argued she provided material support to a foreign terrorist organization.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-250)
On June 13, [FBI Director](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_Director "FBI Director") [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey "James Comey") told reporters, "So far, we see no indication that this was a plot directed from outside the United States and we see no indication that he was part of any kind of [network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_cell "Terrorist cell")." He said the [United States Intelligence Community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community "United States Intelligence Community") was "highly confident that this killer was [radicalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalized "Radicalized") at least in part through the Internet,"[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shabad-251) and that the investigation had found "strong indications of radicalization by this killer and of potential inspiration by [foreign terrorist organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_terrorist_organizations "Foreign terrorist organizations")."[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-252) Several days after the shooting, the FBI announced on its website that it has become "the lead law enforcement agency responsible for investigating the shooting at Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, on June 12, 2016."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-G-MenAgency-172) The agency took the lead after the shooting was classified as a terrorist attack due to Mateen's pledge of allegiance to IS during the event.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)
According to Senator [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"), Mateen searched online for references to the shooting during the attack, and made posts on [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") expressing his support for [Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State"), saying "You kill innocent women and children by doing us \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] airstrikes. Now taste the Islamic state vengeance."[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-253)
### Weapons
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Weapons")\]
Federal officials said a [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_MCX "SIG MCX") semi-automatic rifle and a 9mm [Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock_17 "Glock 17") semi-automatic pistol were recovered from Mateen's body, along with additional [rounds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_\(firearms\) "Cartridge (firearms)").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-JansenUSAToday-17)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-254)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNNMotivate-255) Mateen had legally purchased the two guns used in the shooting from a shop in [Port St. Lucie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_St._Lucie "Port St. Lucie"): the SIG Sauer MCX rifle on June 4 and the Glock 17 pistol on June 5.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911CallSignificance-13)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-256) He and law enforcement were reported to have fired over 200 rounds.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleLawlerAlexander-28)[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-257)[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleMateenDetails-258) From his car, "hundreds of rounds" were found along with a [.38-caliber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_caliber ".38 caliber") [Smith & Wesson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson "Smith & Wesson") [revolver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver "Revolver"); this gun was not used in the shooting.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNNMotivate-255)
### Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique")\]
Mateen became a [person of interest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_of_interest "Person of interest") to the FBI in May 2013 and July 2014. The 2013 investigation was opened after he made comments to coworkers about being a member of [Hezbollah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah "Hezbollah") and having family connections in [al-Qaeda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda "Al-Qaeda"),[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-259) and that he had ties to [Nidal Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidal_Hasan "Nidal Hasan")âperpetrator of the [2009 Fort Hood shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting "2009 Fort Hood shooting")âand [Dzhokhar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev") and [Tamerlan Tsarnaev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev "Tamerlan Tsarnaev")âperpetrators of the [Boston Marathon bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing "Boston Marathon bombing"). According to new documents released on July 18, Mateen said that he made these comments in response to "a lot of harassment" and frequent derogatory epithets made by St. Lucie County Sheriff's deputies and his G4S coworkers, who taunted and made jokes about him being a possible Muslim extremist.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-New2013MateenTaunts-260)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-YahooNoGoPostal-261) The comments resulted in his employer G4S removing Mateen from his post and the county sheriff reporting him to the FBI.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-YahooNoGoPostal-261)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-262) The documents also show him saying that he was "1000% American" and writing that he was against any "anti-American" and "anti-humanity" terrorist organizations.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-New2013MateenTaunts-260)
The 2014 investigation was opened after he was linked to [Moner Mohammad Abu Salha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moner_Mohammad_Abu_Salha "Moner Mohammad Abu Salha"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Early-110) an [American radical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadist_extremism_in_the_United_States "Jihadist extremism in the United States") who committed a [suicide bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bombing "Suicide bombing") in Syria. Mateen was interviewed three times in connection with the two investigations. Both cases were closed after finding nothing that warranted further investigation.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-ABCWhatWeKknow-126)[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shabad-251)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-263) After the shooting, Director Comey said the FBI will review its work and methods used in the two investigations. When asked if anything could have or should have been done differently in regard to Mateen, or the FBI's intelligence and actions in relation to him, Comey replied, "So far, the honest answer is, 'I don't think so.'"[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-264)
A little over a month after the shooting, the FBI provided more details about its May 2013 to March 2014 investigation into Mateen, which was closed after a veteran FBI agent assigned to the case and his supervisor concluded that "there was just nothing there" and removed his name from the Terrorist Watchlist. Mateen was interviewed twice during the investigation, and had provided a written statement in which he confessed that he had previously lied to FBI investigators. During the investigation, the FBI had tracked his daily routine using unmarked vehicles, closely examined his phone records, and used two informants to secretly record his face-to-face conversations. The FBI Director said that they could have taken more initiative in gaining access to his social media accounts in 2013, but noted that back then such checks were not yet "part of \[their\] investigative DNA." However, it would not have mattered, as the analysis of Mateen's computer after the shooting showed that his social media accounts, including Facebook, had no ties to any terrorist groups, and that he did not post any "radical statements" until the early morning of the shooting. The FBI in 2013 also did not have the [probable cause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probable_cause "Probable cause") needed to obtain a search warrant in order to secretly listen to his phone calls or probe into Mateen's computer.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-PastFBI2013-265)
On July 26, a Senate homeland security committee chairman sent a four-page letter to the inspector general of the [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") (DOJ) requesting an independent review of the FBI's 2013 and 2014 investigations. He wrote that if Mateen had stayed on the FBI watch-list, the federal agency would have been notified if he tried to purchase firearms, in which case "law enforcement potentially could have uncovered information on social media or elsewhere of Mateen's radicalization."[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GetFBIReviewed-266)
On March 24, 2018, Sara Sweeney, the assistant attorney prosecuting Mateen's wife, Noor Salman, disclosed to her defense after the [discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_\(law\) "Discovery (law)") period that her father-in-law, Seddique Mateen, was an FBI [informant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informant "Informant") at various points between January 2005 and June 2016.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-informant-267) Agent Juvenal Martin, who [handled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handler_\(espionage\) "Handler (espionage)") the elder Mateen since 2006, said he considered making Omar an informant as well, after investigating and clearing him in 2013.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Mistrial-268)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald-269)
### Searches and possible accomplices
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Searches and possible accomplices")\]
U.S. officials said [Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State") (IS) may have inspired Mateen without training, instructing, or having a direct connection with him.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-270)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-271) Investigators have said no evidence linking Mateen to the group has emerged, and have cautioned that the shooting may have been IS-inspired without being IS-directed,[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-guardian20160612-272) as was the case in the [December 2, 2015, attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") in [San Bernardino, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California "San Bernardino, California").[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AlvarezAnguish-27)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-273) [Yoram Schweitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoram_Schweitzer "Yoram Schweitzer") of the Israeli [Institute for National Security Studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_National_Security_Studies_\(Israel\) "Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)") suggested that Mateen associated the attack with IS to add to the notoriety of the incident, and said it was very unlikely that IS had known of him before the shooting.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)
On June 16, [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") [John Brennan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_O._Brennan "John O. Brennan") told the Senate Intelligence Committee that his agency was "unable to uncover any link" between Mateen and IS.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-274)
Following the shooting, officers from multiple federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies (including the FBI, [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"), [Florida Department of Law Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Law_Enforcement "Florida Department of Law Enforcement") (FDLE), [St. Lucie County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lucie_County "St. Lucie County") Sheriff's Office, and Fort Pierce Police Department) converged on Mateen's home in [Fort Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pierce "Fort Pierce") and another home in [Port St. Lucie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_St._Lucie "Port St. Lucie"). A bomb squad checked Mateen's Fort Pierce home for explosives.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-275) In June 2016, the [House Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee "House Intelligence Committee") said that United States investigators "are searching for details about the [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") trips Mateen made in 2011 and 2012."[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-276)[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-277)[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-278)
[Senate Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee "Senate Intelligence Committee") member [Angus King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_King "Angus King") said that Mateen's second wife appears to have had "some knowledge of what was going on."[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-279)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-280) Media reports, citing anonymous law enforcement officials, said she was with Mateen as he scouted possible [Orlando-area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Orlando "Greater Orlando") targets (including the Walt Disney World Resort's [Disney Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Springs "Disney Springs") and the Pulse nightclub) and that she was also with him when he purchased ammunition and a holster in the months leading up to the attack.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-281)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-282)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-283)
#### Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife")\]
Mateen's second wife and widow, Noor Salman, was arrested in January 2017, at her home in [Rodeo, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodeo,_California "Rodeo, California").[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-284) She was [charged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge "Criminal charge") in federal court in Orlando with [aiding and abetting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiding_and_abetting "Aiding and abetting") as well as [obstruction of justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice "Obstruction of justice").[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-285) Federal prosecutors accused her of knowing that Mateen was planning an attack.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-286) Salman pleaded not guilty to the charges.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-287) Salman moved to dismiss the obstruction charge; this motion was denied by U.S. District Judge [Paul G. Byron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_G._Byron "Paul G. Byron").[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-288)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GoldmanWife-289)
Salman's trial took place in March 2018.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Roulette-290) During the trial, the prosecution revealed it withheld information during discovery that Salman's confession of helping scout potential attack locations was not true based on cell phone evidence, and that the FBI knew this even though it had been used to deny her [bail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail "Bail").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald-269) The defense also sought to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial on [*Brady* disclosure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_disclosure "Brady disclosure") grounds after this disclosure, and after the prosecution disclosed during the trial that Seddique Mateen had been a confidential FBI informant "at various points in time between January 2005 through June 2016."[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-291) The court denied Salman's motion to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Mistrial-268)[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Roulette-290) On March 30 the jury acquitted Salman of both charges, although the jury foreman said "we were convinced she did know" about Mateen's plans for an attack of some sort in advance.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-292)[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-293)
### FBI investigation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: FBI investigation")\]
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| [![\[icon\]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg) | This section **needs expansion**. You can help by [adding missing information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=). *(June 2024)* |
In July 2016, law enforcement officials reported that the FBIâafter conducting "interviews and an examination of his computer and other electronic media"âhad not found any evidence that Mateen targeted Pulse because the nightclub was a venue for gays or whether the attack was motivated by homophobia. According to witnesses, he did not make any homophobic comments during the shooting. Furthermore, nothing has been found confirming the speculation that he was gay and used gay dating apps; however, the FBI "has found evidence that Mateen was cheating on his wife with other women." Officials noted that "there is nothing to suggest that he attempted to cover up his tracks by deleting files." Generally, "a complete picture of what motivated Mateen remains murky and may never be known since he was killed in a shootout with police and did not leave a manifesto."[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148) The FBI has yet to conclude its investigation As of 2016[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit).\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\][\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLE.FBIStatus-294)
### Evaluations of performance of law enforcement
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Evaluations of performance of law enforcement")\]
Two former SWAT members, one an active-shooter tactics expert and trainer, expressed misgivings about the three-hour delay in breaching the nightclub, citing the lesson learned from other mass shootings that officers can minimize casualties only by entering a shooting location expeditiously, even if it means putting themselves at great risk.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-295)
At the request of John Mina, the Orlando chief of police, the [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice")'s [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Services "Office of Community Oriented Policing Services") (COPS) conducted a third-party "after-action assessment" of the Orlando Police Department's response to the shooting and its overall preparedness.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-296)[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-297) COPS commissioned the [Police Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Foundation "Police Foundation") to prepare the report, which was released in December 2017. The report concluded that the Orlando Police Department response "was appropriate and consistent with national guidelines and best practices" and saved lives.[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298) The report stated: "The initial tactical response was consistent with the OPD's active shooter training and recognized promising practices. However, as the incident became more complex and prolonged, transitioning from a barricaded suspect with hostages to an act of terrorism, the OPD's operational tactics and strategies were challenged by the increasing threat posed by the suspect's claim of improvised explosive devices inside the club and in vehicles surrounding the club."[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298) The report authors noted that they lacked access to FBI reports and other data about the crime scene and shooter, and did not have information about "potential law enforcement friendly fire."[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298)
In April 2017, the *[Orlando Sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel "Orlando Sentinel")* obtained a copy of a 78-page presentation given by Mina to some ten police groups located around the world, which discussed the OPD's response to the attack and what it has learned. The presentation offered a comprehensive timeline of the attack and included diagrams and still photos from [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") footage showing officers in their initial confrontation with Mateen. According to the presentation, 500 interviews were conducted, 1,600 leads were followed up on, more than 950 pieces of evidence were collected, and more than 300 people were subpoenaed.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)
In December 2016, the [Florida Department of Law Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Law_Enforcement "Florida Department of Law Enforcement") completed a 35-page "after-action report" about its response to the nightclub during the shooting.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300) The report was publicly released in August 2017 after a public records request made by the *Orlando Sentinel*.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300) The report generally praised the FDLE's handling of the nightclub shootings, but detailed the agency's difficulties in notifying families and complications arising from its inter-agency policies, which led to them not immediately sharing information about the shooting with federal investigators.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300)
## Reactions
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Reactions")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Francisco_vigil_for_Orlando_-_5.jpg)
[San Francisco City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall "San Francisco City Hall") lit in LGBTQ rainbow colors in honor to the victims of the shooting
[Florida Governor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Governor "Florida Governor") [Rick Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Scott "Rick Scott") expressed support for all affected and said the state emergency operations center was monitoring the incident.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-301) Scott declared a [state of emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_emergency "State of emergency") for [Orange County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida "Orange County, Florida"),[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-302) and [Orlando mayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Orlando "Mayor of Orlando") [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer") declared a state of emergency for the city.[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-303)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-304) On June 24, Scott directed that 49 state flags be flown for 49 days in front of the [Florida Historic Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_Capitol "Florida State Capitol") in Tallahassee, with the name, age, and photo of every victim displayed beneath each flag.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-305)
The [Obama administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_personnel "Obama personnel") expressed its condolences to the victims. President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") ordered that "the federal government provide any assistance necessary to pursue the investigation and support the community."[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-PressSec-306) In a speech, he described the shooting as an "act of hate" and an "act of terror."[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cbslocal-112)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-307)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-308) He also issued a proclamation on June 12 ordering United States flags upon non-private grounds and buildings around the country and abroad to be lowered to [half-staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-staff "Half-staff") until sundown, June 16.[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-309) He and Vice President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") traveled to Orlando on June 16 to lay flowers at a memorial and visit the victims' families.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-310)
Many American Muslims, including community leaders, swiftly condemned the shooting.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Gunaratna-311)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CookeAli-312) Prayer vigils for the victims were held at mosques across the country.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-313)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-314)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-315) The Florida mosque where Mateen sometimes prayed issued a statement condemning the attack and offering condolences to the victims.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-316) The [Council on AmericanâIslamic Relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations "Council on AmericanâIslamic Relations") called the attack "monstrous" and offered its condolences to the victims. CAIR Florida urged Muslims to donate blood even while observing the month of [Ramadan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan "Ramadan")âwhich requires Muslims to fast from dawn to duskâand contribute funds in support of the victims' families.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Gunaratna-311)[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-317) Some Muslim groups called on members to break their Ramadan fast to be able to donate blood.[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-318)
The [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") issued a statement condemning the shooting for "targeting persons as a result of their sexual orientation." (Though the FBI later determined that the attack was not motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate) It was supported by some countries that suppress homosexual behavior and discussion, such as Egypt and Russia.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-319) [Samantha Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Power "Samantha Power"), United States Ambassador to the UN, led a group of 17 UN ambassadors on a visit to the historic LGBTQ landmark [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn") to express their support for LGBTQ rights in response to the shooting.[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-320) Countries that released their own statements condemning the shooting include Afghanistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar "Qatar"), Iran, the [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates "United Arab Emirates"), [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait "Kuwait"), and Turkey.[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-321)
Many people on [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") and elsewhere, including [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") candidates, members of [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress"), other political figures, foreign leaders, and various celebrities, expressed their shock at the event and extended their condolences to those affected.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-322)[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-323) Vigils were held around the world to mourn those who were killed in the shooting, including one held at the banks of [Lake Eola Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Eola_Park "Lake Eola Park") on June 19 that attracted 50,000 people.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-324)[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-325)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-326) Landmarks around the world, including the [One World Trade Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center "One World Trade Center") and the [Sydney Harbour Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge "Sydney Harbour Bridge"), lit up in rainbow colors in remembrance of those killed in the shooting.[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-327)
On June 22, sixty House Democrats [staged a sit-in at the US House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_sit-in "2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in"), in an attempt to force Speaker [Paul Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan "Paul Ryan"), a Republican Party member, to allow votes on gun control legislation.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-328) On June 23, *[Billboard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_\(magazine\) "Billboard (magazine)")* magazine [published an open letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard%27s_Open_Letter_on_Gun_Violence "Billboard's Open Letter on Gun Violence") addressed to the [United States Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") demanding that [universal background checks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_background_check "Universal background check") become federal law. The petition carried nearly 200 signatures of famous musicians and music industry executives. [Joan Jett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Jett "Joan Jett"), [Lady Gaga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Gaga "Lady Gaga"), [Selena Gomez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez "Selena Gomez") and many others were prominent signees of the document.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BW-329)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USAToday-69) The House sit-in was unsuccessful in bringing gun control legislation to a vote.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-328)
The LGBTQ [gun rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States "Gun politics in the United States") organization [Pink Pistols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Pistols "Pink Pistols"), with 36 chapters around the country, tripled both its membership (from 1,500 to 4,500), and its Facebook followers (to 7,000), in the week or so following the shooting.[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Pink_Pistols-330) As of June 24, 2016, it counted over 7,000 members.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-331)
[Google Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search "Google Search") added a ribbon to its homepage, with the message "Our hearts are with the victims, their families, and the community of Orlando."[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-332)
In the aftermath of the 2018 trial, some media outlets re-assessed the reactions, possible motives, and media narrative of the shooting. They said that there was not evidence to say the shooting was motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate.[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Coaston-333)[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Jeltsen_HuffPost-334)
## Memorials
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Memorials")\]
OnePulse Foundation, a charity organization created by a Pulse owner on July 7, filed documents with a plan to fund and build a memorial at the nightclub. The foundation collaborated with the city of Orlando to determine the location of the memorial.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-335)[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-336)[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-337) The non-profit organization also planned to start a fundraising campaign to provide financial help to the surviving victims who were injured and the families of the 49 who were killed.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-338) After raising 20 million dollars, the foundation folded without creating the promised memorial.[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-339)
A rainbow-colored crossing was installed in [Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"),[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-340) to honor the victims from the Pulse nightclub shooting that occurred on June 12, 2016.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-341) An online petition[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-342) was signed by approximately 2,700 citizens requesting to have it painted nearby the [nightclub museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_Memorial_and_Museum "Pulse Memorial and Museum").[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-343) Approved by the [Florida Department of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Transportation "Florida Department of Transportation") (FDOT),[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-344) the project ended up costing about \$2,900 with the installation beginning on October 10 and completed the next day on October 11, 2017.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-345) The artwork was painted over by FDOT on August 21, 2025.[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-346)[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-347) Soon afterwards, people colored the sidewalk with chalk as law enforcement watched and warned them to stay out of the street.[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-348)
The 2025 Florida state budget signed into law by Governor [Ron DeSantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis "Ron DeSantis") included \$394,421 for the Pulse National Memorial.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-349)
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=27 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [Florida portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Florida "Portal:Florida")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Hispanicity.svg)[Hispanic and Latino American portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Hispanic_and_Latino_American "Portal:Hispanic and Latino American")
- [LGBTQ portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ "Portal:LGBTQ")
- [2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_sit-in "2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in") â Sit-in protest at United States Capitol
- [Chris Murphy gun control filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Murphy_gun_control_filibuster "Chris Murphy gun control filibuster") â 2016 speech by US politician on gun control
- [Colorado Springs nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Springs_nightclub_shooting "Colorado Springs nightclub shooting") â 2022 attack which targeted an LGBTQ nightclub
- [Gun law in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States "Gun law in the United States")
- [Gun politics in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States "Gun politics in the United States")
- [Gun violence in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States "Gun violence in the United States")
- [LGBTQ in Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_in_Islam "LGBTQ in Islam")
- [List of Islamist terrorist attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks "List of Islamist terrorist attacks")
- [List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rampage_killers_\(religious,_political,_or_ethnic_crimes\) "List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)")
- [List of terrorist incidents in June 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_June_2016 "List of terrorist incidents in June 2016")
- [Mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States "Mass shootings in the United States") â Incidents involving multiple victims of firearm violence
- [*Our Happy Hours: LGBT Voices from the Gay Bars*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Happy_Hours "Our Happy Hours") â US LGBT anthology
- [Rainbow crossing (Orlando, Florida)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_crossing_\(Orlando,_Florida\) "Rainbow crossing (Orlando, Florida)")
- [Terrorism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States")
- [Violence against LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people "Violence against LGBTQ people") â Hateful actions towards sexuality or gender identity
## Notes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=28 "Edit section: Notes")\]
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-USIS_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-USIS_1-1) The attacker's repeated demand was to stop the [U.S. airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_force "U.S. Air force") killing [leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killing#By_the_United_States "Targeted killing") and [civilians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State#Civilians "War against the Islamic State") in [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)") and [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: References")\]
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-6)
Doornbos, Caitlin (September 23, 2016). ["Transcripts of 911 calls reveal Pulse shooter's terrorist motives"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html). *[Orlando Sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel "Orlando Sentinel")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160926204945/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html) from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016. "Pulse gunman to negotiator: 'Tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq', transcripts show ... 'You have to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq. They are killing a lot of innocent people', gunman Omar Mateen told a crisis negotiator from inside the Pulse nightclub during a June standoff, transcripts of 911 calls released Friday show. ... Mateen referred to a U.S.-led air strike on May 6 that killed Abu Wahib, an ISIS military commander in Iraq, and three other jihadists, according to the Pentagon. 'That's what triggered it, OK?' Mateen said. 'They should have not bombed and killed Abu \[Wahib\]'... Mateen likened himself to other militants behind recent violence, telling the negotiator he was attacking because the 'U.S. is collaborating with Russia and they are killing innocent women and children'."
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-6) <https://web.archive.org/web/20161019104321/https://info.publicintelligence.net/FL-OmarMateenTranscripts.pdf>
3. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-7) [***i***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-8) [***j***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-9) [***k***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-10) [***l***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-11) [***m***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-12) [***n***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-13) [***o***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-14)
["Rescue, Response, and Resilience: A Critical Incident Review of the Orlando Public Safety Response to the Attack on the Pulse Nightclub"](https://www.policefoundation.org/publication/rescue-response-and-resilience-a-critical-incident-review-of-the-orlando-public-safety-response-to-the-attack-on-the-pulse-nightclub/). *www.policefoundation.org*. December 17, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-headline_ISIL_5-0)**
Hattem, Julian (September 26, 2016). ["Orlando gunman claimed shooting was motivated by death of ISIS operative"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160927053014/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/). *[TheHill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheHill "TheHill")*. Archived from [the original](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/) on September 27, 2016. "They should have not bombed and killed Abu Wahid \[sic\]" ... "You have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing," he said. "They are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?"
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Fitzsimons_NBC_6-0)**
Fitzsimons, Tim. ["What really happened that night at Pulse"](https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/what-really-happened-night-pulse-n882571). *NBC News*. NBC Universal. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-:0_7-0)**
Rothaus, Steve (June 12, 2016). ["Pulse Orlando shooting scene a popular LGBT club where employees, patrons 'like family'"](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/gay-south-florida/article83301677.html). *[The Miami Herald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Miami_Herald "The Miami Herald")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615082724/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/gay-south-florida/article83301677.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
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Tsukayama, Hayley; Berman, Mark; Markon, Jerry (June 13, 2016). ["Gunman who killed 49 in Orlando nightclub had pledged allegiance to ISIS"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615021024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-9)**
Marr, Rhuaridh (June 15, 2016). ["Drag Race star shares photo from Pulse, moments before shooting started"](https://www.metroweekly.com/2016/06/drag-race-star-shares-photo-pulse-moments-shooting-started/). *Metro Weekly*. Jansi, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
9. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-3)
Caplan, David; Hayden, Michael Edison (June 12, 2016). ["At Least 50 Dead in Orlando Gay Club Shooting, Suspect Pledged Allegiance to ISIS, Officials Say"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-injuries-shooting-orlando-nightclub-police/story?id=39789552). *ABC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-injuries-shooting-orlando-nightclub-police/story?id=39789552) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-SantoraLastCall_11-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-SantoraLastCall_11-1)
Santora, Marc (June 12, 2016). ["Last Call at Pulse Nightclub, and Then Shots Rang Out"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/us/last-call-at-orlando-club-and-then-the-shots-rang-out.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612220954/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/us/last-call-at-orlando-club-and-then-the-shots-rang-out.html) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-timeline_tampabay_12-0)**
["A timeline of what happened at the Orlando nightclub shooting"](https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/a-timeline-of-what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting/2281363/). The Tampa Bay Times. June 12, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613114415/http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/a-timeline-of-what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting/2281363) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911CallSignificance_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911CallSignificance_13-1)
["Significance of Orlando gunman calling 911 during standoff"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-shooting-investigation-gunman-omar-mateen-911-call). *CBS News*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614075410/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-shooting-investigation-gunman-omar-mateen-911-call/) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NPR_AR15_14-0)**
Zarroli, Jim (June 13, 2016). ["Type Of Rifle Used In Orlando Is Popular With Hobbyists, Easy To Use"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/13/481877159/the-rifle-used-in-orlando-is-lightweight-easy-to-use-and-oh-so-deadly). [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613234604/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/13/481877159/the-rifle-used-in-orlando-is-lightweight-easy-to-use-and-oh-so-deadly) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
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Siemaszko, Corky (June 12, 2016). ["AR-15 Style Rifle Used in Orlando Massacre Has Bloody Pedigree"](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/ar-15-rifle-used-orlando-massacre-has-bloody-pedigree-n590581). *NBC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613230653/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/ar-15-rifle-used-orlando-massacre-has-bloody-pedigree-n590581) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Time_AR15_16-0)**
Drabold, Will (June 13, 2016). ["What to Know About the Gun Used in the Orlando Shooting"](https://time.com/4366658/orlando-shooting-gun-control/). *Time*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614042607/http://time.com/4366658/orlando-shooting-ar-15-gun-control/) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
16. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-JansenUSAToday_17-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-JansenUSAToday_17-1)
Jansen, Bart (June 15, 2016). ["Weapons gunman used in Orlando shooting are high-capacity, common"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/14/guns-used-kill-49-orlando-high-capacity-common-weapons/85887260/). *USA Today*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160618151610/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/14/guns-used-kill-49-orlando-high-capacity-common-weapons/85887260/) from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-TMZVideo_18-0)**
["Orlando Mass Shooting: Mateen Was About To Kill More ... Chief Describes Final Assault"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613025249/http://m.tmz.com/#article/2016/06/13/orlando-mass-shooting-police-fbi-news-conference/). *TMZ*. June 13, 2016. Archived from [the original](http://m.tmz.com/#article/2016/06/13/orlando-mass-shooting-police-fbi-news-conference/) on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews1_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews1_19-1)
["Officer asked Pulse shooting victims: 'If you're alive, raise your hand'"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/report-reveals-details-florida-nightclub-shooting-46794467). *ABC News*. April 14, 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414130216/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/report-reveals-details-florida-nightclub-shooting-46794467) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
19. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-4)
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20. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-5)
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21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NBC.Shooting_22-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NBC.Shooting_22-1)
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[Alvarez, Lizette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizette_Alvarez "Lizette Alvarez"); [Pérez-Peña, Richard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_P%C3%A9rez-Pe%C3%B1a "Richard Pérez-Peña"); Hauser, Christine (June 13, 2016). ["Orlando Police Detail Battle to End Massacre at Gay Nightclub"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/orlando-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613140441/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/orlando-shooting.html) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
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Holley, Peter (June 15, 2016). ["How a heroic Marine's military training helped him save dozens from Orlando gunman"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/06/15/how-a-heroic-marines-military-training-helped-him-save-dozens-from-orlando-gunman/). *The Washington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160709083625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/06/15/how-a-heroic-marines-military-training-helped-him-save-dozens-from-orlando-gunman/) from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
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31. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-32)**
["Pulse patron tried calming others during massacre new 911 calls reveal"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/pulse-patron-tried-calming-others-during-massacre-new-911-calls-reveal/). *CBS News*. Associated Press. November 15, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161117160035/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/pulse-patron-tried-calming-others-during-massacre-new-911-calls-reveal/) from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
32. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-3)
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33. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-GMA.Recounts_34-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-GMA.Recounts_34-1)
Mohney, Gillian (June 14, 2016). ["Hostage Injured at Orlando Nightclub Recounts Hours of Pain and Fear With Gunman"](https://www.yahoo.com/gma/hostage-injured-orlando-nightclub-recounts-hours-pain-fear-000135444--abc-news-topstories.html). *ABC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042707/https://www.yahoo.com/gma/hostage-injured-orlando-nightclub-recounts-hours-pain-fear-000135444--abc-news-topstories.html) from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2016 â via Yahoo! News (GMA).
34. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews2_35-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews2_35-1)
Katersky, Aaron; Withers, Scott; Kennedy, Scottye; Blake, Paul (April 14, 2017). ["'If you're alive, raise your hand' desperate rescuer said in Pulse nightclub"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/alive-raise-hand-desperate-rescuer-pulse-nightclub/story?id=46797935). *ABC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414193357/https://abcnews.go.com/US/alive-raise-hand-desperate-rescuer-pulse-nightclub/story?id=46797935) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
35. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-36)**
Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (June 14, 2016). ["Survivor on Orlando gunman: 'He was not going to stop killing people until he was killed'"](https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615004359/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "\[Patience Carter, a hostage\] continued: 'There was an African American man in the stall with us... he said, 'Yes, there are about six or seven of us.' The gunman responded back to him saying that, 'You know, I don't have a problem with black people, this is about my country. You guys suffered enough.'"
36. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-37)**
["Orlando shooting survivor recounts terrifying moments"](http://www.fox29.com/news/158721816-story). *Fox 29*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615122259/http://www.fox29.com/news/158721816-story) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "'I could hear him talking, and he said, "I don't have a problem with black people. It's nothing personal. I'm just tired of your people killing my people in Iraq,"' Parker explained."
37. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-38)**
["Orlando survivor: Gunman tried to spare black people"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-survivor-patience-carter-gunman-tried-to-spare-black-people/). *CBS News*. June 14, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615121937/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-survivor-patience-carter-gunman-tried-to-spare-black-people/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "Carter, 20 years old, had fled into the bathroom of Pulse nightclub during the Orlando massacre, and as the situation was winding down, she said the gunman told police negotiators on the phone he pledged his allegiance to ISIS and wouldn't stop his assault until America stopped bombing his country."
38. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-39)**
Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (June 14, 2016). ["Survivor on Orlando gunman: 'He was not going to stop killing people until he was killed'"](https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615004359/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
39. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-2)
Robles, Frances; Pérez-Peña, Richard (June 15, 2016). ["Omar Mateen Told Police He'd Strap Bombs to Hostages, Orlando Mayor Says"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/us/orlando-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615180906/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/us/orlando-shooting.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
40. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-41)**
Burch, Audra D.S. (July 2, 2016). ["The paramedics of Pulse heard the gunfire, then saw something they never thought possible"](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article87364892.html). *Miami Herald*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160730190716/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article87364892.html) from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
41. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-2)
Lotan, Gal Tziperman (June 12, 2016). ["Orlando mass shooting: Timeline of events"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-shooting-tick-tock-20160613-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613112124/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-shooting-tick-tock-20160613-story.html) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
42. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Barrett-WSJ_43-0)**
Barrett, Devlin; Entous, Adam; Cullison, Alan (June 12, 2016). ["FBI Twice Probed Orlando Gunman"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/orlando-gunman-was-twice-probed-by-fbi-1465761322). *The Wall Street Journal*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160620125427/http://www.wsj.com/articles/orlando-gunman-was-twice-probed-by-fbi-1465761322) from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016. "Law-enforcement officials said that investigation was prompted because Abu-Salha and Mateen attended the same mosque. Investigators concluded that while the two men probably knew each other's names and faces..."
43. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-wburFBI_44-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-wburFBI_44-1)
["FBI Boston Chief: In Call, Mateen Referred To Tsarnaevs As His 'Homeboys'"](http://www.wbur.org/news/2016/06/13/mateen-orlando-tsarnaevs-monday). *WBUR News*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614113944/http://www.wbur.org/news/2016/06/13/mateen-orlando-tsarnaevs-monday) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
44. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-45)**
Joscelyn, Thomas (June 20, 2016). ["Orlando terrorist swore allegiance to Islamic State's Abu Bakr al Baghdadi"](http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/orlando-terrorist-swore-allegiance-to-islamic-states-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi.php). *[The Long War Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_War_Journal "The Long War Journal")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012652/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/orlando-terrorist-swore-allegiance-to-islamic-states-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi.php) from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
45. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-businessinsidercomey_46-0)**
Bertrand, Natasha; Engel, Pamela (June 13, 2016). ["The FBI director just painted a bizarre picture of the man behind the worst mass shooting in US history"](http://www.businessinsider.com/james-comey-orlando-shooting-omar-mateen-fbi-2016-6). *Business Insider*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614122903/http://www.businessinsider.com/james-comey-orlando-shooting-omar-mateen-fbi-2016-6) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
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Mazzetti, Mark; Lichtblau, Eric; Blinder, Alan (June 13, 2016). ["Omar Mateen, Twice Scrutinized by F.B.I., Shows Threat of Lone Terrorists"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/orlando-shooting-omar-mateen.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160716151536/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/orlando-shooting-omar-mateen.html) from the original on July 16, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
47. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911_Calls_by_Pulse_Patrons_48-0)**
Lotan, Gal Tziperman; Allen, Stephanie (June 28, 2016). ["Dispatchers heard gunshots, screams, moans in Pulse 911 calls"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-timeline-records-20160628-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160629191413/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-timeline-records-20160628-story.html) from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
48. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-HausMcCrum_49-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-HausMcCrum_49-1)
Hauslohner, Abigail; McCrummen, Stephanie (June 21, 2016). ["Orlando shooting: A quick response and then a long wait"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160623150301/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/06/orlando_shooting_a_quick_respo.html). *The Washington Post*. The Times-Picayune. Archived from [the original](http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/06/orlando_shooting_a_quick_respo.html) on June 23, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
49. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-2)
Hayes, Christal (November 16, 2016). ["Victims question rescue efforts in latest Pulse 911 calls"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-next-pulse-911-calls-released-20161116-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161117042104/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-next-pulse-911-calls-released-20161116-story.html) from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
50. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-3)
Berman, Mark (April 14, 2017). ["'If you're alive, raise your hand': Orlando police detail response to Pulse nightclub attack"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/04/14/if-youre-alive-raise-your-hand-orlando-police-detail-response-to-pulse-nightclub-attack/). *The Washington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414203710/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/04/14/if-youre-alive-raise-your-hand-orlando-police-detail-response-to-pulse-nightclub-attack/) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
51. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-52)**
Fais, Scott (June 15, 2016). ["Mateen to News 13 producer: 'I'm the shooter. It's me.'"](http://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2016/6/14/orlando_shooting_oma.html). News 13. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160616004253/https://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2016/6/14/orlando_shooting_oma.html) from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
52. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-53)**
Miller, Michael E. (June 15, 2016). ["'I'm the shooter. It's me': Gunman called local TV station during attack, station says"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/15/im-the-shooter-its-me-gunman-called-local-tv-station-during-attack-station-says/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615155427/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/15/im-the-shooter-its-me-gunman-called-local-tv-station-during-attack-station-says/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
53. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_via_54-0)** <https://info.publicintelligence.net/FL-OmarMateenTranscripts.pdf> via <https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/>
54. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-2) <https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/> âThey should have not bombed and killed Abu Wahid \[sic\]â ... âYou have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing,â he said. âThey are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?â
55. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-56)** "On May 6th, a coalition air strike targeted Abu Wahib, ISIL's military amir for Anbar Province and a former member of Al Qaida in Iraq who has appeared in ISIL execution videos. That strike near Rutbah was successful, killing Abu Wahib and three other ISIL jihadists. Abu Wahib's death is another blow to ISIL's leadership that will further degrade its ability to operate, especially in Anbar Province." <https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/755468/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-pentagon-press-secretary-peter-cook-in/>
56. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-57)** <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-top-isis-leader-killed-in-iraq/>
57. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-58)** <https://web.archive.org/web/20160926204945/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html>
58. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-2)
["Joint Statement From Justice Department and FBI Regarding Transcript Related to the Orlando Terror Attack"](https://web.archive.org/web/20250207082822/https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/joint-statement-justice-department-and-fbi-regarding-transcript-related-orlando-terror-attack). *www.justice.gov*. Office of Public Affairs, [United States Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice"). June 20, 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/joint-statement-justice-department-and-fbi-regarding-transcript-related-orlando-terror-attack) on February 7, 2025. "The purpose of releasing the partial transcript of the shooter's interaction with 911 operators was to provide transparency, while remaining sensitive to the interests of the surviving victims, their families, and the integrity of the ongoing investigation. We also did not want to provide the killer or terrorist organizations with a publicity platform for hateful propaganda. Unfortunately, the unreleased portions of the transcript that named the terrorist organizations and leaders have caused an unnecessary distraction from the hard work that the FBI and our law enforcement partners have been doing..."
59. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-60)** <https://web.archive.org/web/20160812053952/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/tampa/news/press-releases/investigative-update-regarding-pulse-nightclub-shooting>
60. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-3)
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61. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Reuters_62-0)**
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62. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-63)**
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63. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-fbitranscript_64-5)
["Investigative Update Regarding Pulse Nightclub Shooting"](https://www.fbi.gov/tampa/press-releases/2016/investigative-update-regarding-pulse-nightclub-shooting) (Press release). Tampa, Florida: Federal Bureau of Investigation. Tampa Division. June 20, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160620162229/https://www.fbi.gov/tampa/press-releases/2016/investigative-update-regarding-pulse-nightclub-shooting) from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
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## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: External links")\]
**Pulse nightclub shooting** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2016_Orlando_nightclub_shooting "c:Category:2016 Orlando nightclub shooting") from Commons
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg)[News](https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/At_least_50_dead_in_shooting_at_Florida_nightclub "n:At least 50 dead in shooting at Florida nightclub") from Wikinews
- Frank Straub, Jack Cambria, Jane Castor, Ben Gorban, Brett Meade, David Waltemeyer, and Jennifer Zeunik, *[Rescue, Response, and Resilience: A Critical Incident Review of the Orlando Public Safety Response to the Attack on the Pulse Nightclub](https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Orlando-Pulse.pdf)*, [Police Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Foundation "Police Foundation")/[U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Services "Office of Community Oriented Policing Services") (2017)
- [Orange County Sheriff's Office â Incident report](http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/06/25/Scan16062511570_1466872698408_7194317_ver1.0.pdf) ([Archive](https://web.archive.org/web/20160627085743/http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/06/25/Scan16062511570_1466872698408_7194317_ver1.0.pdf))
- [Orlando Police Department In Progress Incident Report](http://www.cityoforlando.net/cityclerk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/06/OPDPulseLIVECAD_June172016-by-narrativeandunitassignment_Redacted.pdf)
- [Orlando Police Department officers' accounts from the Pulse attack](http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/07/19/OPD_Supplemental_Reports_-1-43_redacted_1468932520218_7449447_ver1.0.pdf)
| Links to related articles | |
|---|---|
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islamic_State "Template:Islamic State") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_State "Template talk:Islamic State") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_State "Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic State")[Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State") | |
| [Names of the Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_the_Islamic_State "Names of the Islamic State") | |
| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State "History of the Islamic State") | [Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad "Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad") (1999â2004) [Jama'at Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_Jaysh_Ahl_al-Sunnah_wa-l-Jamaah "Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah") (2003â2006) [Al-Qaeda in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq "Al-Qaeda in Iraq") (2004â2006) [Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah "Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah") (2004â2006) [Mujahideen Shura Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_\(Iraq\) "Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)") (2006) [Islamic State of Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq "Islamic State of Iraq") (2006â2013) [ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State#Name "Islamic State") (2013â2014) [Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State") (2014âpresent) |
| Timelines | [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2013\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2013)") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2014\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2014)") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2015\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2015)") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2016\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2016)") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2017\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2017)") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2018\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2018)") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2019\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2019)") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2020\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2020)") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2021 "List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2022 "List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State#2023 "List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2024\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2024)") [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2025\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2025)") [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_\(2026\) "Timeline of the Islamic State (2026)") [terrorist incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State "List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State") |
| [Members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members "List of Islamic State members") and [Leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Islamic_State "List of leaders of the Islamic State") | [Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hafs_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi "Abu Hafs al-Hashimi al-Qurashi") [Abu Hudhayfah al-Ansari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hudhayfah_al-Ansari "Abu Hudhayfah al-Ansari") [Abdul Qadir Mumin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Mumin "Abdul Qadir Mumin") [Abu Yusaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Yusaf "Abu Yusaf") [Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Baraa_el-Azdi "Abu al-Baraa el-Azdi") [Abu Habib al-Libi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Habib_al-Libi "Abu Habib al-Libi") [Abu Jandal al-Masri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Masri "Abu Jandal al-Masri") [Bajro IkanoviÄ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajro_Ikanovi%C4%87 "Bajro IkanoviÄ") [Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faysal_Ahmad_Ali_al-Zahrani "Faysal Ahmad Ali al-Zahrani") [Fatiha Mejjati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatiha_Mejjati "Fatiha Mejjati") [Ahlam al-Nasr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlam_al-Nasr "Ahlam al-Nasr") [Issam Abuanza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issam_Abuanza "Issam Abuanza") [Musa Baluku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Baluku "Musa Baluku") [Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Fatima_al-Jaheishi "Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi") [Zulfi Hoxha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulfi_Hoxha "Zulfi Hoxha") |
| Captured, [Killed in action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action "Killed in action"), and [targeted killings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killings "Targeted killings") | |
| [Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi") [Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi "Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi") [Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi "Abu al-Hasan al-Hashimi al-Qurashi") [Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_al-Hussein_al-Husseini_al-Qurashi "Abu al-Hussein al-Husseini al-Qurashi") [Abu Ahmad al-Alwani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_al-Alwani "Abu Ahmad al-Alwani") [Haji Bakr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Bakr "Haji Bakr") [Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Usamah_al-Maghrebi "Abu Usamah al-Maghrebi") [Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Abdulrahman_al-Bilawi "Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi") [Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muhannad_al-Suwaydawi "Abu Muhannad al-Suwaydawi") [Abdul Rauf Aliza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Rauf_Aliza "Abdul Rauf Aliza") [Abu Sayyaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf_\(Islamic_State_leader\) "Abu Sayyaf (Islamic State leader)") [Ali Awni al-Harzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Awni_al-Harzi "Ali Awni al-Harzi") [Tariq al-Harzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_al-Harzi "Tariq al-Harzi") [Abu Khattab al-Tunisi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Khattab_al-Tunisi "Abu Khattab al-Tunisi") [Maher Meshaal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher_Meshaal "Maher Meshaal") [Abu Muslim al-Turkmani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muslim_al-Turkmani "Abu Muslim al-Turkmani") [Abu Saleh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Saleh "Abu Saleh") [Mohammed Emwazi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadi_John "Jihadi John") [Abu Nabil al-Anbari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nabil_al-Anbari "Abu Nabil al-Anbari") [Abu Ali al-Anbari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Anbari "Abu Ali al-Anbari") [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") [Ali Aswad al-Jiburi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Aswad_al-Jiburi "Ali Aswad al-Jiburi") [Abu Omar al-Shishani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani "Abu Omar al-Shishani") [El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Hassen_Ould_Khalill_Jouleibib "El-Hassen Ould Khalill Jouleibib") [Abu Mohammad al-Adnani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_al-Adnani "Abu Mohammad al-Adnani") [Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi "Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi") [Abu Muhammad al-Furqan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Furqan "Abu Muhammad al-Furqan") [André Poulin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Poulin "André Poulin") [Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Jandal_al-Kuwaiti "Abu Jandal al-Kuwaiti") [Abu Bilal al-Harbi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bilal_al-Harbi "Abu Bilal al-Harbi") [Ahmad Abousamra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Abousamra "Ahmad Abousamra") [Turki al-Binali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turki_al-Binali "Turki al-Binali") [Tareq Kamleh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tareq_Kamleh "Tareq Kamleh") [Lavdrim Muhaxheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavdrim_Muhaxheri "Lavdrim Muhaxheri") [Abu Osama al-Masri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Osama_al-Masri "Abu Osama al-Masri") [Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul-Hasan_al-Muhajir "Abul-Hasan al-Muhajir") [Abu Muhammad al-Shimali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Muhammad_al-Shimali "Abu Muhammad al-Shimali") [Gulmurod Khalimov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulmurod_Khalimov "Gulmurod Khalimov") [Abdul Nasser Qardash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Nasser_Qardash "Abdul Nasser Qardash") (captured) [Abu Yasser al-Issawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Yasser_al-Issawi "Abu Yasser al-Issawi") [Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi "Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi") [Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Hamza_Al-Qurashi "Abu Hamza Al-Qurashi") [Yusuf al-Hindi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_al-Hindi "Yusuf al-Hindi") [Abu Omar al-Muhajir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Muhajir "Abu Omar al-Muhajir") (captured) [Othman al-Nazih](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othman_al-Nazih "Othman al-Nazih") [Jamal Udeen Al-Harith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal_Udeen_Al-Harith "Jamal Udeen Al-Harith") [Aine Davis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aine_Davis "Aine Davis") (captured) [Alexanda Kotey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanda_Kotey "Alexanda Kotey") (captured) [El Shafee Elsheikh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Shafee_Elsheikh "El Shafee Elsheikh") (captured) [Denis Cuspert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Cuspert "Denis Cuspert") [Abdelhamid Abaaoud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelhamid_Abaaoud "Abdelhamid Abaaoud") [Boubaker El Hakim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boubaker_El_Hakim "Boubaker El Hakim") [Abu Musab al-Zarqawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi "Abu Musab al-Zarqawi") | |
| Culture and politics | |
| [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&redlink=1 "Government of the Islamic State (page does not exist)") | [Finances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finances_of_the_Islamic_State "Finances of the Islamic State") [Education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwan_of_Education_and_Teaching_of_the_Islamic_State "Diwan of Education and Teaching of the Islamic State") [Ideology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Islamic_State "Ideology of the Islamic State") [Hazimism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazimism "Hazimism") [Members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_State_members "List of Islamic State members") [Women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brides_of_the_Islamic_State "Brides of the Islamic State") [Children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubs_of_the_Caliphate "Cubs of the Caliphate") [Medicare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_Health_Service "Islamic State Health Service") [Territorial claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State "Territory of the Islamic State") [al-Barakah district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Barakah_\(Islamic_State_administrative_district\) "Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)") [West Africa Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province "Territory of the Islamic State â West Africa Province") [Police](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisbah_of_the_Islamic_State "Hisbah of the Islamic State") [Military](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State "Military of the Islamic State") [Equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_equipment_of_ISIS "List of military equipment of ISIS") [Armoured warfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoured_warfare_of_the_Islamic_State "Armoured warfare of the Islamic State") [Aircraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_used_by_the_Islamic_State&action=edit&redlink=1 "Aircraft used by the Islamic State (page does not exist)") [Chemical weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction "Islamic State and weapons of mass destruction") |
| [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_use_by_the_Islamic_State "Mass media use by the Islamic State") | [A Second Message to America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Second_Message_to_America "A Second Message to America") [Al-Bayan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayan_\(radio_station\) "Al-Bayan (radio station)") [Al-Fatihin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Fatihin_Magazine "Al-Fatihin Magazine") [Al-Furat Media Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Furat_Media_Center "Al-Furat Media Center") [Al-Hayat Media Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hayat_Media_Center "Al-Hayat Media Center") [Al-I'tisam Media Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-I%27tisam_Media_Foundation "Al-I'tisam Media Foundation") [Al-Naba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Naba "Al-Naba") [Ar-Raud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar-Raud "Ar-Raud") [Amaq News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency "Amaq News Agency") [Dar al-Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Islam_\(magazine\) "Dar al-Islam (magazine)") [Dabiq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabiq_\(magazine\) "Dabiq (magazine)") [Dawlat al-Islam Qamat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawlat_al-Islam_Qamat "Dawlat al-Islam Qamat") [Flames of War: The Fighting Has Just Begun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flames_of_War:_The_Fighting_Has_Just_Begun "Flames of War: The Fighting Has Just Begun") [Al-Fustat Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Al-Fustat_Media&action=edit&redlink=1 "Al-Fustat Media (page does not exist)") [Huroof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huroof "Huroof") [I'lam Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27lam_Foundation "I'lam Foundation") [Istok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istok_\(magazine\) "Istok (magazine)") [Konstantiniyye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantiniyye_\(magazine\) "Konstantiniyye (magazine)") [Rumiyah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumiyah_\(magazine\) "Rumiyah (magazine)") [Salil al-Sawarim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salil_al-Sawarim "Salil al-Sawarim") [The End of Sykes-Picot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of_Sykes-Picot "The End of Sykes-Picot") [The Chosen Few of Different Lands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chosen_Few_of_Different_Lands "The Chosen Few of Different Lands") [Turkey and the Fire of Racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_and_the_Fire_of_Racism "Turkey and the Fire of Racism") [Voice of Khorasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_Khorasan "Voice of Khorasan") |
| Society | [Collaboration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_with_the_Islamic_State "Collaboration with the Islamic State") [Human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_State-controlled_territory "Human rights in Islamic State-controlled territory") [Ethnic violence and religious persecution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_violence_and_religious_persecution_linked_to_ISIS "Ethnic violence and religious persecution linked to ISIS") [Genocide of Christians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_by_the_Islamic_State "Persecution of Christians by the Islamic State") [Genocide of Shias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Shias_by_the_Islamic_State "Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State") [Genocide of Yazidis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_of_Yazidis_by_the_Islamic_State "Genocide of Yazidis by the Islamic State") [Genocide of Iraqi Turkmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_genocide "Iraqi Turkmen genocide") [Persecution of gay and bisexual men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_gay_and_bisexual_men_by_the_Islamic_State "Persecution of gay and bisexual men by the Islamic State") [Destruction of cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State "Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State") [Killing of captives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_captives_by_the_Islamic_State "Killing of captives by the Islamic State") [Beheading incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_beheading_incidents "Islamic State beheading incidents") [Occupation of Mosul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS_occupation_of_Mosul "ISIS occupation of Mosul") [Executions in Mosul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_executions_in_ISIL-occupied_Mosul "Mass executions in ISIL-occupied Mosul") [Sexual violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Iraqi_insurgency "Sexual violence in the Iraqi insurgency") [Slavery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism "Slavery in 21st-century jihadism") |
| Relations | [Australia & New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_and_Australasia "Timeline of the Islamic State and Australasia") [Islamic Republic of Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_the_Islamic_State "Iran and the Islamic State") [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines_and_the_Islamic_State "Philippines and the Islamic State") [United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Islamic_State "United Kingdom and the Islamic State") [Trinidad and Tobago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_and_the_Islamic_State "Trinidad and Tobago and the Islamic State") [Syrian Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War "Syrian Civil War") [Foreign fighters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War_and_War_in_Iraq "Foreign fighters in the Syrian Civil War and War in Iraq") [Name changes due to the Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_changes_due_to_the_Islamic_State "Name changes due to the Islamic State") [Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrayal_of_the_Islamic_State_in_American_media "Portrayal of the Islamic State in American media") [Connection with Saddam Regime and Baath Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations") |
| ["Provinces" and other territorial claims](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Specific_territorial_claims "Territory of the Islamic State") | |
| "Provinces" | [Khorasan Province (Afghanistan, Iran and North-West Pakistan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Khorasan_Province "Islamic State â Khorasan Province") [Libyan Provinces (Libya)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Libya_Province "Islamic State â Libya Province") [Caucasus Province (North Caucasus, Russia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Caucasus_Province "Islamic State â Caucasus Province") [Sinai Province (Sinai, Egypt)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sinai_Province "Islamic State â Sinai Province") [Algeria Province (Algeria)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Algeria_Province "Islamic State â Algeria Province") [Yemen Province (Yemen)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Yemen_Province "Islamic State â Yemen Province") [Abnaa ul-Khilafah (Somalia and Somaliland)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia "Islamic State in Somalia") [Bengal Province (Bangladesh)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Bengal_Province "Islamic State â Bengal Province") [Boko Haram (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Mali)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boko_Haram "Boko Haram") (2015â2016) [West Africa Province (Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_West_Africa_Province "Islamic State â West Africa Province") [Central Africa Province (DR Congo, Tanzania and Uganda)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Central_Africa_Province "Islamic State â Central Africa Province") [Sahel Province (Mali, Niger, Benin and Burkina Faso)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Sahel_Province "Islamic State â Sahel Province") [Hind Province (India)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Hind_Province "Islamic State â Hind Province") [Tunisia Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Tunisia_Province "Islamic State â Tunisia Province") [Pakistan Province (Pakistan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Pakistan_Province "Islamic State â Pakistan Province") [Turkey Province (Turkey)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Turkey_Province "Islamic State â Turkey Province") [Azerbaijan Province (Azerbaijan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Azerbaijan_Province "Islamic State â Azerbaijan Province") [Philippines Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Philippines_Province "Islamic State â Philippines Province") (Philippines) [Mozambique Province (Mozambique)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_\(Mozambique\) "Al-Shabaab (Mozambique)") [Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (Syria)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army "Khalid ibn al-Walid Army") (2016â2018) [Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (Gaza)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade "Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade") [Abu Sayyaf (Philippines)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf "Abu Sayyaf") (2014â2024) [Ansar Khalifa (Philippines)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_Khalifa_Philippines "Ansar Khalifa Philippines") (2014â2021) [Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil (Brazil)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Khilafah_Brazil "Ansar al-Khilafah Brazil") (2016â2018) [East Indonesia Mujahideen (Indonesia)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indonesia_Mujahideen "East Indonesia Mujahideen") (2014â2022) [Egypt Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Egypt_Province "Islamic State â Egypt Province") |
| Other locations | [Jammu and Kashmir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir "Islamic State in Jammu and Kashmir") [Kurdistan Province (Kurdistan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Kurdistan_Province "Islamic State â Kurdistan Province") [Haramayn Province (Saudi Arabia and Bahrain)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_the_Islamic_State#Saudi_Arabia "Territory of the Islamic State") [Lebanon Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_%E2%80%93_Lebanon_Province "Islamic State â Lebanon Province") [Belgium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels_Islamic_State_terror_cell "Brussels Islamic State terror cell") [Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Islamic_State_and_Australia "Timeline of the Islamic State and Australia") |
| [Wars and battles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Islamic_State "List of wars and battles involving the Islamic State") | |
| [Wars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State "War against the Islamic State") | [War on terror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror "War on terror") [Iraq War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War "Iraq War") [Insurgency (2003â2011)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_\(2003%E2%80%932011\) "Iraqi insurgency (2003â2011)") [Iraqi civil war (2006â2008)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_\(2006%E2%80%932008\) "Iraqi civil war (2006â2008)") [Insurgency (2011â2013)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_\(2011%E2%80%932013\) "Iraqi insurgency (2011â2013)") [War in Iraq (2013â2017)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Iraq_\(2013%E2%80%932017\) "War in Iraq (2013â2017)") [Insurgency (2017âpresent)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_\(2017%E2%80%93present\) "Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017âpresent)") [Syrian civil war](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war "Syrian civil war") [Spillover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war "Spillover of the Syrian civil war") [Spillover in Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon "Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon") [OppositionâIslamic State conflict](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war "OppositionâIslamic State conflict during the Syrian civil war") [Sinai insurgency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_insurgency "Sinai insurgency") [Second Libyan Civil War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_\(2014%E2%80%932020\) "Libyan civil war (2014â2020)") [Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa "Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa") [Mozambique](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Cabo_Delgado "Insurgency in Cabo Delgado") [Islamist insurgency in the Sahel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_the_Sahel "War in the Sahel") [Mali War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali_War "Mali War") [War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_\(2001%E2%80%932021\) "War in Afghanistan (2001â2021)") [Conflict with Taliban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State%E2%80%93Taliban_conflict "Islamic StateâTaliban conflict") [Moro conflict (1968â2019)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_conflict "Moro conflict") [al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen "Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen") [Yemeni civil war (2014âpresent)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_\(2014%E2%80%93present\) "Yemeni civil war (2014âpresent)") [Boko Haram insurgency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boko_Haram_insurgency "Boko Haram insurgency") [Military intervention against IS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State "War against the Islamic State") [US intervention in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)") [US intervention in Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war") [Russian intervention in Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war") [Turkish operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield "Operation Euphrates Shield") [Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_\(2009%E2%80%93present\) "Somali Civil War (2009âpresent)") [Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus "Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus") [Islamic State insurgency in Azerbaijan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Azerbaijan "Islamic State insurgency in Azerbaijan") |
| 2013 | [Akashat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akashat_ambush "Akashat ambush") [Hawija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Hawija_clashes "2013 Hawija clashes") [Raqqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_\(2012%E2%80%932013\) "Raqqa campaign (2012â2013)") [Al-Shabah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah "Operation al-Shabah") [Ras al-Ayn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_\(2012%E2%80%9313\) "Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012â13)") [Tell Abyad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_\(2013\) "Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)") [Latakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Latakia_offensive "2013 Latakia offensive") [Menagh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Menagh_Air_Base "Siege of Menagh Air Base") [Sidi Ali Ben Aoun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sidi_Ali_Ben_Aoun "Battle of Sidi Ali Ben Aoun") [Sadad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sadad "Battle of Sadad") [Qalamoun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qalamoun_\(2013%E2%80%932014\) "Battle of Qalamoun (2013â2014)") [Aleppo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_\(October%E2%80%93December_2013\) "Aleppo offensive (OctoberâDecember 2013)") [Al-Yaarubiyah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah "Battle of al-Yaarubiyah") [Tell Hamis and Tell Brak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_\(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014\) "Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013âJanuary 2014)") [Anbar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar_campaign_\(2013%E2%80%932014\) "Anbar campaign (2013â2014)") |
| 2014 | [Fallujah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Fallujah "Fall of Fallujah") [N Aleppo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_\(February%E2%80%93July_2014\) "Northern Aleppo offensive (FebruaryâJuly 2014)") [Markada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Markada "Battle of Markada") [N Iraq (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_\(June_2014\) "Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)") [Mosul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Mosul "Fall of Mosul") [Salahuddin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign "Salahuddin campaign") [Baiji (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Baiji "Fall of Baiji") [Tikrit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Tikrit "First Battle of Tikrit") [N Iraq (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_\(August_2014\) "Northern Iraq offensive (August 2014)") [KobanĂź](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE "Siege of KobanĂź") [Sinjar (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinjar_massacre "Sinjar massacre") [Derna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derna_campaign_\(2014%E2%80%932016\) "Derna campaign (2014â2016)") [Ramadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_\(2014%E2%80%932015\) "Battle of Ramadi (2014â2015)") [Deir ez-Zor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_\(December_2014\) "Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)") [Baiji (14â15)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_\(2014%E2%80%932015\) "Battle of Baiji (2014â2015)") [Sinjar (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2014_Sinjar_offensive "December 2014 Sinjar offensive") [Zumar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zumar "Battle of Zumar") [Amirli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli "Siege of Amirli") |
| 2015 | [Nofaliya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Nofaliya_\(2015\) "Fall of Nofaliya (2015)") [W Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_West_African_offensive "2015 West African offensive") [Egyptian airstrikes in Libya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2015_Egyptian_airstrikes_in_Libya "February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya") [Niger raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Niger_raid "2015 Niger raid") [E Hasakah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Hasakah_offensive "Eastern Hasakah offensive") [Tikrit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit "Second Battle of Tikrit") [Sirte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_\(2015\) "Battle of Sirte (2015)") [Hama & Homs (MarâApr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama_and_Homs_offensive_\(March%E2%80%93April_2015\) "Hama and Homs offensive (MarchâApril 2015)") [Sarrin (MarâApr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_\(March%E2%80%93April_2015\) "Battle of Sarrin (MarchâApril 2015)") [Yarmouk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_\(2015\) "Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)") [Qalamoun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_\(May%E2%80%93June_2015\) "Qalamoun offensive (MayâJune 2015)") [Palmyra (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_\(May_2015\) "Palmyra offensive (May 2015)") [W Hasakah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hasakah_offensive "Western Hasakah offensive") [Hasakah city](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasakah_city_offensive "Hasakah city offensive") [Tell Abyad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive "Tell Abyad offensive") [Sarrin (JunâJul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_\(June%E2%80%93July_2015\) "Battle of Sarrin (JuneâJuly 2015)") [Hasakah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hasakah_\(2015\) "Battle of Hasakah (2015)") [Kobani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre "KobanĂź massacre") [Palmyra (JulâAug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_\(July%E2%80%93August_2015\) "Palmyra offensive (JulyâAugust 2015)") [Ramadi (15â16)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_\(2015%E2%80%932016\) "Battle of Ramadi (2015â2016)") [Al-Qaryatayn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_\(2015\) "Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2015)") [Al-Hawl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive "2015 al-Hawl offensive") [Homs (NovâDec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_offensive_\(November%E2%80%93December_2015\) "Homs offensive (NovemberâDecember 2015)") [Sinjar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Sinjar_offensive "November 2015 Sinjar offensive") [E Aleppo (15â16)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_\(2015%E2%80%932016\) "East Aleppo offensive (2015â2016)") [Niveneh Plains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineveh_Plains_offensive "Nineveh Plains offensive") [Tishrin Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive "Tishrin Dam offensive") |
| 2016 | [Deir ez-Zor (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_\(2016\) "Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)") [Fallujah (FebâMay)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_\(2016\) "Siege of Fallujah (2016)") [Nangarhar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nangarhar_offensive_\(2016\) "Nangarhar offensive (2016)") [Ben Guerdane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ben_Guerdane "Battle of Ben Guerdane") [Ithriyah-Raqqa (FebâMar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_\(February%E2%80%93March_2016\) "Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (FebruaryâMarch 2016)") [Al-Shaddadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_\(2016\) "Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)") [Khanasir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive "2016 Khanasir offensive") [Al-Qaryatayn (MarâApr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qaryatayn_\(2016\) "Battle of al-Qaryatayn (2016)") [Palmyra (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_\(March_2016\) "Palmyra offensive (March 2016)") [N Aleppo (MarâJun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_\(March%E2%80%93June_2016\) "Northern Aleppo offensive (MarchâJune 2016)") [HÄ«t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hit_\(2016\) "Battle of Hit (2016)") [Tipo-Tipo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tipo-Tipo "Battle of Tipo-Tipo") [Sirte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sirte_\(2016\) "Battle of Sirte (2016)") [Ar-Rutbah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ar-Rutbah_\(2016\) "Battle of Ar-Rutbah (2016)") [N Raqqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive "Northern Raqqa offensive") [Fallujah (MayâJun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah "Third Battle of Fallujah") [Manbij](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij_offensive_\(2016\) "Manbij offensive (2016)") [Ithriyah-Raqqa (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_\(June_2016\) "Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)") [Abu Kamal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Abu_Kamal_offensive "2016 Abu Kamal offensive") [al-Rai (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_\(August_2016\) "Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)") [N al-Bab (Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_al-Bab_offensive_\(September_2016\) "Northern al-Bab offensive (September 2016)") [W al-Bab (Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_\(September_2016\) "Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)") [Dabiq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive "2016 Dabiq offensive") [W al-Bab (OctâNov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_\(October%E2%80%93November_2016\) "Western al-Bab offensive (OctoberâNovember 2016)") [Al-Bab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab "Battle of al-Bab") [Aleppo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_\(November%E2%80%93December_2016\) "Aleppo offensive (NovemberâDecember 2016)") [Palmyra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_\(December_2016\) "Palmyra offensive (December 2016)") |
| 2017 | [Mosul (16â17)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_\(2016%E2%80%932017\) "Battle of Mosul (2016â2017)") [Raqqa (16â17)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_\(2016%E2%80%932017\) "Raqqa campaign (2016â2017)") [Palmyra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_\(2017\) "Palmyra offensive (2017)") [Deir ez-Zor (JanâFeb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_\(January%E2%80%93February_2017\) "Deir ez-Zor offensive (JanuaryâFebruary 2017)") [E Aleppo (JanâApr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_\(2017\) "East Aleppo offensive (2017)") [E Homs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Homs_offensive_\(2017\) "Eastern Homs offensive (2017)") [Hama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama_offensive_\(March%E2%80%93April_2017\) "Hama offensive (MarchâApril 2017)") [W Nineveh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Western_Nineveh_offensive "2017 Western Nineveh offensive") [Tabqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa "Battle of Tabqa") [Syrian Desert (Dec 16âApr 17)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_\(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017\) "Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016âApril 2017)") [Syrian Desert (MayâJul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_\(May%E2%80%93July_2017\) "Syrian Desert campaign (MayâJuly 2017)") [Maskanah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive "Maskanah Plains offensive") [Marawi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Marawi "Siege of Marawi") [Raqqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_\(2017\) "Battle of Raqqa (2017)") [S Raqqa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive "2017 Southern Raqqa offensive") [C Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign "Central Syria campaign") [Tal Afar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_\(2017\) "Battle of Tal Afar (2017)") [Deir ez-Zor (17â19)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_\(2017%E2%80%932019\) "Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017â2019)") [Hawija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hawija "Battle of Hawija") [E Syria (SepâDec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_\(September%E2%80%93December_2017\) "Eastern Syria campaign (SeptemberâDecember 2017)") [NW Syria (Oct 17âFeb 18)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_\(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018\) "Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017âFebruary 2018)") [Abu Kamal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive "2017 Abu Kamal offensive") [W Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Western_Iraq_campaign "2017 Western Iraq campaign") |
| 2018 | [Suwayda (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwayda_offensive_\(June_2018\) "Suwayda offensive (June 2018)") [S Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive "2018 Southern Syria offensive") [Suwayda (AugâNov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwayda_offensive_\(August%E2%80%93November_2018\) "Suwayda offensive (AugustâNovember 2018)") |
| 2019 | [Hajin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_\(2017%E2%80%932019\)#Battle_of_Hajin "Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017â2019)") [Baghuz Fawqani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani "Battle of Baghuz Fawqani") [Barisha raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi") |
| 2020 | [Chinagodrar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chinagodrar "Battle of Chinagodrar") [Danag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Danag "Battle of Danag") [MocĂmboa da Praia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moc%C3%ADmboa_da_Praia_offensive "MocĂmboa da Praia offensive") [Al Bayda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Bayda_offensive "Al Bayda offensive") |
| 2021 | [Tessit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tessit_\(2021\) "Battle of Tessit (2021)") [Palma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Palma "Battle of Palma") [Sambisa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sambisa_Forest_\(2021\) "Battle of Sambisa Forest (2021)") [Dangarous](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Adnan_Abu_Walid_al-Sahrawi "Killing of Adnan Abu Walid al-Sahrawi") |
| 2022 | [Hasakah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hasakah_\(2022\) "Battle of Hasakah (2022)") [Atme raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ibrahim_al-Hashimi_al-Qurashi#Death "Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi") [Andéramboukane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_And%C3%A9ramboukane_\(2022\) "Battle of Andéramboukane (2022)") [Talataye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talataye_\(2022\) "Battle of Talataye (2022)") |
| 2023 | [Falagountou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Falagountou "Battle of Falagountou") [Tin-Akoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tin-Akoff "Battle of Tin-Akoff") |
| 2025 | [Bajaur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sarbakaf "Operation Sarbakaf") |
| [Attacks by year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_linked_to_the_Islamic_State "List of terrorist incidents linked to the Islamic State") | |
| 2014 | [Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Museum_of_Belgium_shooting "Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting") [Badush prison massacre (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badush_prison_massacre "Badush prison massacre") [Camp Speicher massacre (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Speicher_massacre "Camp Speicher massacre") [Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming (Oct)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu_ramming_attack "2014 Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu ramming attack") |
| 2015 | [Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercacher_kosher_supermarket_siege "Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege") [Corinthia Hotel (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Corinthia_Hotel_attack "2015 Corinthia Hotel attack") [Baghdad bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2015_Baghdad_bombings "February 2015 Baghdad bombings") [Beheading of Copts in Libya (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya "2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya") [Al Qubbah bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qubbah_bombings "Al Qubbah bombings") [Bardo National Museum (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_attack "Bardo National Museum attack") [Sanaa bombings (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombings "March 2015 Sanaa mosque bombings") [Jalalabad bombing (Apr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing "2015 Jalalabad suicide bombing") [Killing of Christian migrants in Libya (Apr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Islamic_State_killing_of_Christian_migrants_in_Libya "2015 Islamic State killing of Christian migrants in Libya") [Curtis Culwell Center (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Curtis_Culwell_Center_attack "2015 Curtis Culwell Center attack") [Qatif & Dammam bombings (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatif_and_Dammam_mosque_bombings "Qatif and Dammam mosque bombings") [26 June](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_June_2015_Islamist_attacks "26 June 2015 Islamist attacks") [Kobanß massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre "Kobanß massacre") [Saint-Quentin-Fallavier (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Quentin-Fallavier_attack "Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack") [Kuwait mosque bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Kuwait_mosque_bombing "2015 Kuwait mosque bombing") [Sousse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Sousse_attacks "2015 Sousse attacks") [Khan Bani Saad bombing (Jul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Khan_Bani_Saad_bombing "2015 Khan Bani Saad bombing") [Suruç bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suru%C3%A7_bombing "Suruç bombing") [Baghdad bombing (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2015_Baghdad_bombing "August 2015 Baghdad bombing") [Sanaa bombing (Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2015_Sanaa_mosque_bombing "September 2015 Sanaa mosque bombing") [Ankara bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Ankara_bombings "2015 Ankara bombings") [Saihat shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Saihat_shooting "2015 Saihat shooting") [Metrojet Flight 9268](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268 "Metrojet Flight 9268") [Beirut bombings (Nov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Beirut_bombings "2015 Beirut bombings") [Paris (Nov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks "November 2015 Paris attacks") [Tunis bombing (Nov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Tunis_bombing "2015 Tunis bombing") [San Bernardino (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") [Qamishli bombings (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings "2015 Qamishli bombings") |
| 2016 | [Zliten truck bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zliten_truck_bombing "Zliten truck bombing") [Hurghada (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Hurghada_attack "2016 Hurghada attack") [BaghdadâMiqdadiyah attacks (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_Baghdad%E2%80%93Miqdadiyah_attacks "January 2016 BaghdadâMiqdadiyah attacks") [Istanbul bombing (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_Istanbul_bombing "January 2016 Istanbul bombing") [Jakarta (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Jakarta_attacks "2016 Jakarta attacks") [Ramadi bombing (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Ramadi_bombing "2016 Ramadi bombing") [Mahasin mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahasin_mosque_attack "Mahasin mosque attack") [Sayyidah Zaynab (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attack "January 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attack") [Mosul massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Mosul_massacre "2016 Mosul massacre") [Dikwa bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikwa_suicide_bombings "Dikwa suicide bombings") [Homs bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings "February 2016 Homs bombings") [Sayyidah Zaynab bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_bombings "February 2016 Sayyidah Zaynab bombings") [Baghdad bombings (Feb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2016_Baghdad_bombings "February 2016 Baghdad bombings") [Istanbul bombing (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2016_Istanbul_bombing "March 2016 Istanbul bombing") [Brussels bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Brussels_bombings "2016 Brussels bombings") [Aden bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aden_car_bombing "2016 Aden car bombing") [Iskandariya bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskandariya_suicide_bombing "Iskandariya suicide bombing") [Baghdad bombing (Apr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2016_Baghdad_bombing "April 2016 Baghdad bombing") [Samawa bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Samawa_bombing "2016 Samawa bombing") [Gaziantep bombing (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2016_Gaziantep_bombing "May 2016 Gaziantep bombing") [Baghdad bombings (11 May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_May_2016_Baghdad_bombings "11 May 2016 Baghdad bombings") [Real Madrid fan club massacres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Madrid_fan_club_massacres "Real Madrid fan club massacres") [Baghdad gas plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Taji_gas_plant_attack "2016 Taji gas plant attack") [Yemen police bombings (15 May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2016_Yemen_police_bombings "May 2016 Yemen police bombings") [Baghdad bombings (17 May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2016_Baghdad_bombings "May 2016 Baghdad bombings") [Jableh & Tartous bombings (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings "May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings") [Yemen bombings (23 May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_May_2016_Yemen_bombings "23 May 2016 Yemen bombings") [Aktobe shootings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aktobe_shootings "2016 Aktobe shootings") [Pulse nightclub shooting]() [Magnanville stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Magnanville_stabbing "2016 Magnanville stabbing") [Mukalla (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2016_Mukalla_attacks "June 2016 Mukalla attacks") [Movida Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack "2016 Movida Bar grenade attack") [AtatĂŒrk Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport_attack "2016 AtatĂŒrk Airport attack") [Dhaka (Jul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2016_Dhaka_attack "July 2016 Dhaka attack") [Karrada bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Karrada_bombing "2016 Karrada bombing") [Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Ali_al-Hadi_Mausoleum_attack "Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi Mausoleum attack") [Nice truck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Nice_truck_attack "2016 Nice truck attack") [WĂŒrzburg train](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_train_attack "WĂŒrzburg train attack") [Kabul bombing (Jul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2016_Kabul_bombing "July 2016 Kabul bombing") [Ansbach bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Ansbach_bombing "2016 Ansbach bombing") [Normandy church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Normandy_church_attack "2016 Normandy church attack") [Qamishli bombings (Jul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2016_Qamishli_bombings "July 2016 Qamishli bombings") [Charleroi slashing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_slashing_of_Charleroi_police_officers "2016 slashing of Charleroi police officers") [Shchelkovo Highway police station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shchelkovo_Highway_police_station_attack "Shchelkovo Highway police station attack") [Aden bombing (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2016_Aden_bombing "August 2016 Aden bombing") [Syria bombings (5 Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings "5 September 2016 Syria bombings") [Baghdad bombings (9 Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_September_2016_Baghdad_bombings "9 September 2016 Baghdad bombings") [Baghdad bombings (Oct)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2016_Baghdad_attacks "October 2016 Baghdad attacks") [Quetta police college](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Quetta_police_training_college_attack "2016 Quetta police training college attack") [Hamam al-Alil massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamam_al-Alil_massacre "Hamam al-Alil massacre") [Khuzdar bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Khuzdar_bombing "2016 Khuzdar bombing") [Samarinda bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Samarinda_church_bombing "2016 Samarinda church bombing") [Hillah bombing (Nov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2016_Hillah_suicide_truck_bombing "November 2016 Hillah suicide truck bombing") [Aden bombings (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2016_Aden_suicide_bombings "December 2016 Aden suicide bombings") [Botroseya bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botroseya_Church_bombing "Botroseya Church bombing") [Al-Karak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Al-Karak_attack "2016 Al-Karak attack") [Berlin truck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Berlin_truck_attack "2016 Berlin truck attack") [Murders of Sefter TaĆ and Fethi Ćahin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders_of_Sefter_Ta%C5%9F_and_Fethi_%C5%9Eahin "Murders of Sefter TaĆ and Fethi Ćahin") [Baghdad bombings (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2016_Baghdad_bombings "December 2016 Baghdad bombings") |
| 2017 | [Istanbul nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting "Istanbul nightclub shooting") [Baghdad bombings (2 Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2,_2017_Baghdad_bombings "January 2, 2017 Baghdad bombings") [Azaz bombing (Jan)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing "January 2017 Azaz bombing") [Sehwan bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sehwan_suicide_bombing "Sehwan suicide bombing") [Kabul (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2017_Kabul_attack "March 2017 Kabul attack") [Westminster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Westminster_attack "2017 Westminster attack") [St Petersburg Metro bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Saint_Petersburg_Metro_bombing "2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing") [Egypt church bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Sunday_church_bombings "Palm Sunday church bombings") [Mastung bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Mastung_suicide_bombing "2017 Mastung suicide bombing") [Manchester Arena bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Arena_bombing "Manchester Arena bombing") [Jakarta bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Jakarta_bombings "2017 Jakarta bombings") [Minya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Minya_bus_attack "2017 Minya bus attack") [Al-Faqma bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Faqma_ice_cream_parlor_bombing "Al-Faqma ice cream parlor bombing") [London Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_London_Bridge_attack "2017 London Bridge attack") [Brighton siege](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Brighton_siege "2017 Brighton siege") [Tehran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Tehran_attacks "2017 Tehran attacks") [Pakistan attacks (Jun)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2017_Pakistan_attacks "June 2017 Pakistan attacks") [Hurghada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hurghada_attack "2017 Hurghada attack") [Quetta bombing (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2017_Quetta_suicide_bombing "August 2017 Quetta suicide bombing") [Barcelona](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Barcelona_attacks "2017 Barcelona attacks") [Brussels (Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2017_Brussels_attack "August 2017 Brussels attack") [Nasiriyah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Nasiriyah_attacks "2017 Nasiriyah attacks") [Afghanistan (20 Oct)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_October_2017_Afghanistan_attacks "20 October 2017 Afghanistan attacks") [New York City truck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_New_York_City_truck_attack "2017 New York City truck attack") [Sinai mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Sinai_mosque_attack "2017 Sinai mosque attack") [Kabul bombing (28 Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/28_December_2017_Kabul_suicide_bombing "28 December 2017 Kabul suicide bombing") [Saint Menas church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Saint_Menas_church "Attack on Saint Menas church") |
| 2018 | [Baghdad bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Baghdad_bombings "2018 Baghdad bombings") [Save The Children Jalalabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_the_Children_Jalalabad_attack "Save the Children Jalalabad attack") [Kizlyar church shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizlyar_church_shooting "Kizlyar church shooting") [Kabul bombing (Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing "March 2018 Kabul suicide bombing") [Carcasonne & TrĂšbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcassonne_and_Tr%C3%A8bes_attack "Carcassonne and TrĂšbes attack") [Kabul bombing (22 Apr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombing "22 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombing") [Kabul bombings (30 Apr)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_April_2018_Kabul_suicide_bombings "30 April 2018 Kabul suicide bombings") [Tripoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_attack_on_the_High_National_Elections_Commission_in_Tripoli,_Libya "2018 attack on the High National Elections Commission in Tripoli, Libya") [Mako Brimob standoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Mako_Brimob_standoff "2018 Mako Brimob standoff") [Paris knife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Paris_knife_attack "2018 Paris knife attack") [Surabaya bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surabaya_bombings "Surabaya bombings") [LiĂšge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Li%C3%A8ge_attack "2018 LiĂšge attack") [Jalalabad bombing (Jul)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2018_Jalalabad_suicide_bombing "July 2018 Jalalabad suicide bombing") [Mastung & Bannu bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Mastung_and_Bannu_bombings "2018 Mastung and Bannu bombings") [Quetta bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Quetta_suicide_bombing "2018 Quetta suicide bombing") [Suwayda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Suwayda_attacks "2018 Suwayda attacks") [Tajikistan attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Tajikistan_tourist_attack "2018 Tajikistan tourist attack") [Kabul (Sep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2018_Kabul_attacks "September 2018 Kabul attacks") [Ahvaz military parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahvaz_military_parade_attack "Ahvaz military parade attack") [Minya bus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Minya_bus_attack "2018 Minya bus attack") [Melbourne stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Melbourne_stabbing_attack "2018 Melbourne stabbing attack") [Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders_of_Louisa_Vesterager_Jespersen_and_Maren_Ueland "Murders of Louisa Vesterager Jespersen and Maren Ueland") |
| 2019 | [Jolo Cathedral bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Jolo_Cathedral_bombings "2019 Jolo Cathedral bombings") [Sri Lanka Easter bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Sri_Lanka_Easter_bombings "2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings") [Sainthamaruthu shootout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainthamaruthu_shootout "Sainthamaruthu shootout") [Kabul bombing (17 Aug)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_August_2019_Kabul_bombing "17 August 2019 Kabul bombing") |
| 2020 | [Kabul shooting (6 Mar)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_March_2020_Kabul_shooting "6 March 2020 Kabul shooting") [Kabul gurdwara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul_gurdwara_attack "Kabul gurdwara attack") [Xitaxi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xitaxi_massacre "Xitaxi massacre") [Afghanistan (May)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2020_Afghanistan_attacks "May 2020 Afghanistan attacks") [Jalalabad prison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalalabad_prison_attack "Jalalabad prison attack") [Jolo bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Jolo_bombings "2020 Jolo bombings") [Kabul University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Kabul_University_attack "2020 Kabul University attack") [Vienna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Vienna_attack "2020 Vienna attack") [Afghanistan (Dec)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2020_Afghanistan_attacks "December 2020 Afghanistan attacks") |
| 2021 | [Machh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Machh_attack "2021 Machh attack") [January Baghdad bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2021_Baghdad_bombings "January 2021 Baghdad bombings") [Kabul school bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kabul_school_bombing "2021 Kabul school bombing") [Kabul airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kabul_airport_attack "2021 Kabul airport attack") [Kunduz bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kunduz_mosque_bombing "2021 Kunduz mosque bombing") [Kandahar bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kandahar_bombing "2021 Kandahar bombing") [Kampala bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Uganda_bombings "2021 Uganda bombings") [Kabul hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Kabul_hospital_attack "2021 Kabul hospital attack") |
| 2022 | [Diyala massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Diyala_massacre "2022 Diyala massacre") [Peshawar mosque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Peshawar_mosque_attack "2022 Peshawar mosque attack") [Hadera shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hadera_shooting "2022 Hadera shooting") [Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_mosque_bombing "2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing") [Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Mazar-i-Sharif_minivan_bombings "2022 Mazar-i-Sharif minivan bombings") [Bourasso and Namissiguima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourasso_and_Namissiguima_massacres "Bourasso and Namissiguima massacres") [Kuje prison break](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuje_prison_break "Kuje prison break") [5 August Kabul bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_August_2022_Kabul_bombing "5 August 2022 Kabul bombing") [August Kabul mosque bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2022_Kabul_mosque_bombing "August 2022 Kabul mosque bombing") [Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_the_Russian_embassy_in_Kabul "Bombing of the Russian embassy in Kabul") [Shah Cheragh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Shah_Cheragh_attack "2022 Shah Cheragh attack") [Kabul hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kabul_hotel_attack "2022 Kabul hotel attack") |
| 2023 | [Kabul airport bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Kabul_airport_bombing "2023 Kabul airport bombing") [Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Afghanistan_bombing "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan bombing") [Al-Sukhnah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack "2023 Al-Sukhnah attack") [Hama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Hama_attack "2023 Hama attack") [Khar bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Khar_bombing "2023 Khar bombing") [Arras school stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras_school_stabbing "Arras school stabbing") [Pul-i-Khumri bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pul-i-Khumri_bombing "2023 Pul-i-Khumri bombing") [Brussels shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Brussels_shooting "2023 Brussels shooting") [Kabul bombing (Nov)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2023_Kabul_bombing "November 2023 Kabul bombing") [Paris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Paris_attack "2023 Paris attack") [Mindanao State University bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao_State_University_bombing "Mindanao State University bombing") |
| 2024 | [Kerman bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerman_bombings "Kerman bombings") [Istanbul church shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Istanbul_church_shooting "2024 Istanbul church shooting") [February 2024 Balochistan bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2024_Balochistan_bombings "February 2024 Balochistan bombings") [Sibi bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Sibi_bombing "2024 Sibi bombing") [Mucojo attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucojo_attack "Mucojo attack") [Karabulak clash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Karabulak_clash "2024 Karabulak clash") [Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kandahar_New_Kabul_Bank_bombing "2024 Kandahar New Kabul Bank bombing") [Tillabéri attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Tillab%C3%A9ri_attack "2024 Tillabéri attack") [Crocus City Hall attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocus_City_Hall_attack "Crocus City Hall attack") [2024 Guzara Attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Guzara_Attack "2024 Guzara Attack") [2024 Bamyan shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Bamyan_shooting "2024 Bamyan shooting") [2024 Beirut US embassy shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Beirut_US_embassy_shooting "2024 Beirut US embassy shooting") [Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostov-on-Don_pre-trial_detention_center_hostage_crisis "Rostov-on-Don pre-trial detention center hostage crisis") [2024 Dagestan attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Dagestan_attacks "2024 Dagestan attacks") [2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_attack_on_the_Israeli_embassy_in_Belgrade "2024 attack on the Israeli embassy in Belgrade") [2024 Muscat mosque shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Muscat_mosque_shooting "2024 Muscat mosque shooting") [2024 Kabul bus bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kabul_bus_bombing "2024 Kabul bus bombing") [Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surovikino_penal_colony_hostage_crisis "Surovikino penal colony hostage crisis") [2024 Solingen stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Solingen_stabbing "2024 Solingen stabbing") [2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Qala_Bakhtiar_bombing "2024 Qala Bakhtiar bombing") [2024 Afghanistan bus shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Afghanistan_bus_shooting "2024 Afghanistan bus shooting") [2024 Kurram attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kurram_attack "2024 Kurram attack") |
| 2025 | [2025 New Orleans truck attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_New_Orleans_truck_attack "2025 New Orleans truck attack") [Malam-Fatori Suicide Bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam-Fatori_Suicide_Bombing "Malam-Fatori Suicide Bombing") [Manchester synagogue attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_synagogue_attack "Manchester synagogue attack") [Kasanga massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasanga_massacre "Kasanga massacre") [2025 Villach stabbing attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Villach_stabbing_attack "2025 Villach stabbing attack") [2025 Darul Uloom Haqqania bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Darul_Uloom_Haqqania_bombing "2025 Darul Uloom Haqqania bombing") [Fambita mosque attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fambita_mosque_attack "Fambita mosque attack") [2025 Southern Syria bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Southern_Syria_bombings "2025 Southern Syria bombings") [2025 Balçova police station shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Bal%C3%A7ova_police_station_shooting "2025 Balçova police station shooting") [December 2025 Palmyra attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2025_Palmyra_attack "December 2025 Palmyra attack") [2025 Bondi Beach shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Bondi_Beach_shooting "2025 Bondi Beach shooting") |
| 2026 | [Diori Hamani International Airport attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diori_Hamani_International_Airport_attack "Diori Hamani International Airport attack") [2026 Islamabad mosque bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Islamabad_mosque_bombing "2026 Islamabad mosque bombing") |
|  [attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:ISIL_attacks "Category:ISIL attacks") [incidents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:ISIL_terrorist_incidents "Category:ISIL terrorist incidents") | |
| Related topics | [72 virgins trope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobic_trope#72_virgins "Islamophobic trope") *[Defeating ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defeating_ISIS "Defeating ISIS")* [Hamas is ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbara#Hamas_is_ISIS "Hasbara") [ISIS-chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS-chan "ISIS-chan") [Islam and democracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_democracy "Islam and democracy") [Islam and nationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_nationalism "Islam and nationalism") [Islamic republic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_republic "Islamic republic") [Islamic state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_state "Islamic state") [Islamism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism "Islamism") [Letter to Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_to_Baghdadi "Letter to Baghdadi") [Millenarianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millenarianism "Millenarianism") [ShiaâSunni relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations "ShiaâSunni relations") [Theocracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theocracy "Theocracy") |
|  **[ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_State_in_Iraq_and_the_Levant "Category:Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Template:Orlando nightclub shooting") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Template talk:Orlando nightclub shooting") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Special:EditPage/Template:Orlando nightclub shooting")[Pulse nightclub shooting]() | |
| [Terrorism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") [List of Islamist terrorist attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks "List of Islamist terrorist attacks") | |
| General topics | [Pulse (nightclub)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_\(nightclub\) "Pulse (nightclub)") (location) [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen") (perpetrator) |
| Aftermath | [Chris Murphy gun control filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Murphy_gun_control_filibuster "Chris Murphy gun control filibuster") [U.S. House of Representatives sit-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_sit-in "2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in") |
| Tributes | [Broadway for Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadway_for_Orlando "Broadway for Orlando") "[Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_\(Christina_Aguilera_song\) "Change (Christina Aguilera song)")" "[God Control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_Control "God Control")" "[Hands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hands_\(2016_song\) "Hands (2016 song)")" "[Love Make the World Go Round](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Make_the_World_Go_Round "Love Make the World Go Round")" "[Swerlk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swerlk "Swerlk")" "[The Greatest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greatest_\(Sia_song\) "The Greatest (Sia song)")" *[Our Happy Hours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Happy_Hours "Our Happy Hours")* *[Love Is Love](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Is_Love_\(comics\) "Love Is Love (comics)")* [Pulse Memorial and Museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_Memorial_and_Museum "Pulse Memorial and Museum") |
|  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Category:Orlando nightclub shooting")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:LGBTQ "Template:LGBTQ") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:LGBTQ "Template talk:LGBTQ") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ "Special:EditPage/Template:LGBTQ")[LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_people "LGBTQ people") ([topic outline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_LGBTQ_topics "Outline of LGBTQ topics")) | |
| [Academic fields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_academic_disciplines "Outline of academic disciplines") [Discourse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discourse "Discourse") | |
| [LGBTQ topics in education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_and_the_LGBTQ_community "Education and the LGBTQ community") [Gender studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_studies "Gender studies") [Lesbian feminism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian_feminism "Lesbian feminism") [Linguistics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_linguistics "LGBTQ linguistics") [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_literature "LGBTQ literature") [gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_literature "Gay literature") [lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian_literature "Lesbian literature") [transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_literature "Transgender literature") [Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_psychology "LGBTQ psychology") [Queer studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_studies "Queer studies") [Queer theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_theory "Queer theory") [Transfeminism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfeminism "Transfeminism") | |
| [Community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_community "LGBTQ community") [Culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_culture "LGBTQ culture") | |
| | |
| [Anthems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_anthem "Gay anthem") [Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_awards "List of LGBTQ-related awards") [literary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_literary_awards "List of LGBTQ literary awards") Bars [gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bar "Gay bar") [lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian_bar "Lesbian bar") [Bisexual community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexual_community "Bisexual community") [Businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ-owned_business "LGBTQ-owned business") [Coming out](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coming_out "Coming out") [Community centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_community_centre "LGBTQ community centre") [Cross-dressing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-dressing "Cross-dressing") [drag king](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_king "Drag king") [drag queen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_queen "Drag queen") [Events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_events "List of LGBTQ events") [awareness periods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_awareness_periods "List of LGBTQ awareness periods") [Film festivals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_film_festivals "List of LGBTQ film festivals") [Gay village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_village "Gay village") [Gay-friendly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay-friendly "Gay-friendly") [Icons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_icon "Gay icon") [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_literature "LGBTQ literature") [Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_music "LGBTQ music") [Media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ%2B_media "LGBTQ+ media") [bury your gays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bury_your_gays "Bury your gays") [films](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ-related_films "Lists of LGBTQ-related films") [new queer cinema](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_queer_cinema "New queer cinema") [periodicals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_periodicals "List of LGBTQ periodicals") [portrayal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_portrayal_of_LGBTQ_people "Media portrayal of LGBTQ people") [Organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_organizations_and_conferences "List of LGBTQ-related organizations and conferences") [People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_LGBTQ_people "Lists of LGBTQ people") [Pets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pets_and_the_LGBTQ_community "Pets and the LGBTQ community") [Pride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_\(LGBTQ_culture\) "Pride (LGBTQ culture)") [Pride Month](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_Month "Pride Month") [pride parade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade "Pride parade") [Queerplatonic relationships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queerplatonic_relationship "Queerplatonic relationship") [Religious groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT-affirming_religious_groups "LGBT-affirming religious groups") [Rodeos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Gay_Rodeo_Association "International Gay Rodeo Association") [Same-sex relationships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_relationship "Same-sex relationship") [Slang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_slang "LGBTQ slang") [Slogans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_slogans "LGBTQ slogans") [Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_modern_sports "Homosexuality in modern sports") [Pride Night](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_Night "Pride Night") [TakatÄpui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takat%C4%81pui "TakatÄpui") [Theatre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_theatre "LGBTQ theatre") [companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_theatre_companies "List of LGBTQ theatre companies") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_tourism "LGBTQ tourism") | |
| [Symbols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_symbols "LGBTQ symbols") | [Black triangle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_triangle_\(badge\) "Black triangle (badge)") [Gaysper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaysper "Gaysper") [Labrys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrys "Labrys") [Lambda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda "Lambda") [Pink triangle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_triangle "Pink triangle") [Rainbow plaque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_plaque "Rainbow plaque") |
| [Pride flags](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_flag "Pride flag") | [Aromantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromantic_flag "Aromantic flag") [Asexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual_flag "Asexual flag") [Bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_flag_\(gay_culture\) "Bear flag (gay culture)") [Bisexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexual_flag "Bisexual flag") [Gay flag of South Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_flag_of_South_Africa "Gay flag of South Africa") [Gay men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_men%27s_flags "Gay men's flags") [Intersex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex_flag "Intersex flag") [Leather](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather_pride_flag "Leather pride flag") [Lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian_flags "Lesbian flags") [Non-binary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-binary_flag "Non-binary flag") [Pansexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansexual_flag "Pansexual flag") [Rainbow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_flag_\(LGBTQ\) "Rainbow flag (LGBTQ)") [rainbow crossing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_crossing "Rainbow crossing") [Transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_flag "Transgender flag") |
| [Gender identities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity "Gender identity") [Sexual identities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_identity "Sexual identity") [Sexual diversities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_diversity "Sexual diversity") | |
| | |
| [Gender identity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_identity "Gender identity") | |
| | |
| [Agender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agender "Agender") [Androgyny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgyny "Androgyny") [Boi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boi_\(slang\) "Boi (slang)") [Cisgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisgender "Cisgender") [Gender bender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_bender "Gender bender") [Genderfluid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_fluidity "Gender fluidity") [Gender nonconformity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_nonconformity "Gender nonconformity") [Khanith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanith "Khanith") [Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man "Man") [Non-binary / genderqueer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-binary_gender "Non-binary gender") [Queer heterosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_heterosexuality "Queer heterosexuality") [Theyby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theyby "Theyby") [Transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender "Transgender") [Akava'ine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akava%27ine "Akava'ine") [Trans man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_man "Trans man") [Transsexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transsexual "Transsexual") [Trans woman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_woman "Trans woman") [mak nyah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_nyah "Mak nyah") [Woman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman "Woman") [Womxn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womxn "Womxn") [Womyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womyn "Womyn") [Xenogender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenogender "Xenogender") | |
| [Third sex / Third gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_gender "Third gender") | [Bakla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakla "Bakla") [Balkan sworn virgins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balkan_sworn_virgins "Balkan sworn virgins") [Bissu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bissu "Bissu") [FaÊ»afafine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafafine "FaÊ»afafine") [FakaleitÄ«](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakaleit%C4%AB "FakaleitÄ«") [Femminiello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femminiello "Femminiello") [Hijra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_\(South_Asia\) "Hijra (South Asia)") [Kathoey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathoey "Kathoey") [Köçek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%A7ek "Köçek") [MÄhĆ«](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81h%C5%AB "MÄhĆ«") [Mukhannath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukhannath "Mukhannath") [Muxe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muxe "Muxe") [Travesti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travesti_\(gender_identity\) "Travesti (gender identity)") [Two-spirit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-spirit "Two-spirit") [Winkte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkte "Winkte") |
| [Sexual identities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_identity "Sexual identity") | |
| | |
| [Sexual orientations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation "Sexual orientation") | [Asexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexuality "Asexuality") [Bisexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisexuality "Bisexuality") [Homosexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality "Homosexuality") |
| [Aromanticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromanticism "Aromanticism") [Asexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexuality "Asexuality") [Gray asexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_asexuality "Gray asexuality") [Demisexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demisexuality "Demisexuality") [Aegosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegosexuality "Aegosexuality") [Attraction to transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attraction_to_transgender_people "Attraction to transgender people") [Banjee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjee "Banjee") [Bi-curious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-curious "Bi-curious") [Fictosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictosexuality "Fictosexuality") [Gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay "Gay") [Gay men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_men "Gay men") [Heteroflexible](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteroflexibility "Heteroflexibility") [Lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian "Lesbian") [Monosexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosexuality "Monosexuality") [Non-heterosexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-heterosexual "Non-heterosexual") [Pansexual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pansexuality "Pansexuality") [Queer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer "Queer") [Questioning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questioning_\(sexuality_and_gender\) "Questioning (sexuality and gender)") [Romantic orientation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_orientation "Romantic orientation") [Same gender loving](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_gender_loving "Same gender loving") [Sexual minority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_minority "Sexual minority") [Tom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_\(gender_identity\) "Tom (gender identity)") / [Dee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dee_\(gender_identity\) "Dee (gender identity)") | |
| Related | [Acronyms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_acronyms "List of LGBTQ acronyms") *[LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_\(term\) "LGBTQ (term)")* [Detransition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detransition "Detransition") [Effeminacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effeminacy "Effeminacy") [Erotic target location error](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotic_target_location_error "Erotic target location error") [Ex-gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-gay_movement "Ex-gay movement") [Ex-ex-gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex-ex-gay "Ex-ex-gay") [Female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female "Female") [Gender and sexual diversity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_diversity "Sexual diversity") [Gender assignment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_assignment "Sex assignment") [Gender binary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_binary "Gender binary") [Gender essentialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_essentialism "Gender essentialism") [Gender expression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_expression "Gender expression") [Gender neutrality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_neutrality "Gender neutrality") [Gender roles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_role "Gender role") [Gender transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_transition "Gender transition") [Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_health "LGBTQ health") [organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_medical_organizations "List of LGBTQ medical organizations") [Hermaphrodite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermaphrodite "Hermaphrodite") [Human female sexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_female_sexuality "Human female sexuality") [Human male sexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_male_sexuality "Human male sexuality") [Intersex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex "Intersex") *[Androgynos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgynos "Androgynos")* *[Tumtum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumtum_\(Judaism\) "Tumtum (Judaism)")* [Legal status of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people "Legal status of transgender people") [Male](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male "Male") [Men who have sex with men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men "Men who have sex with men") / [Sexual practices between men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_men "Sexual practices between men") [Sexâgender distinction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender_distinction "Sexâgender distinction") [Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_and_gender_identity-based_cultures "Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures") [Social construction of gender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender "Social construction of gender") [Straight ally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_ally "Straight ally") [Tomboy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomboy "Tomboy") [Transgender health care](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_health_care "Transgender health care") [misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_health_care_misinformation "Transgender health care misinformation") [Women who have sex with women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_who_have_sex_with_women "Women who have sex with women") / [Sexual practices between women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_practices_between_women "Sexual practices between women") |
| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_history "LGBTQ history") | |
| | |
| [LGBTQ history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_history "LGBTQ history") | [History of homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_homosexuality "History of homosexuality") [History of gay men in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_gay_men_in_the_United_States "History of gay men in the United States") [History of lesbianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_lesbianism "History of lesbianism") [Transgender history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_history "Transgender history") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_transgender_history "Timeline of transgender history") [Timeline of asexual history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_asexual_history "Timeline of asexual history") [LGBTQ history timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history "Timeline of LGBTQ history") [Migration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_migration "LGBTQ migration") [Social movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_movements "LGBTQ movements") [students](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_student_movement "LGBTQ student movement") [History of Christianity and homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christianity_and_homosexuality "History of Christianity and homosexuality") [History of same-sex unions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_same-sex_unions "History of same-sex unions") [Pederasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pederasty "Pederasty") *[Category:LGBTQ history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_history "Category:LGBTQ history")* |
| Pre-modern era | [Adelphopoiesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphopoiesis "Adelphopoiesis") [Ancient Egypt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Egypt "Homosexuality in ancient Egypt") [Ancient Greece](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Greece "Homosexuality in ancient Greece") [pre-Columbian Peru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_pre-Columbian_Peru "Homosexuality in pre-Columbian Peru") [Ancient Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_ancient_Rome "Homosexuality in ancient Rome") [Medieval Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_medieval_Europe "Homosexuality in medieval Europe") |
| 16th to [19th century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_19th_century "LGBTQ rights in the 19th century") | [Molly house](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_house "Molly house") [Section 377](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_377 "Section 377") [First homosexual movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_homosexual_movement "First homosexual movement") |
| [20th century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history,_20th_century "Timeline of LGBTQ history, 20th century") | [Dance of the Forty-One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_of_the_Forty-One "Dance of the Forty-One") *[Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_f%C3%BCr_Sexualwissenschaft "Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft")* [Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany "Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany") [Transgender people in Nazi Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_people_in_Nazi_Germany "Transgender people in Nazi Germany") [Cadet scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadet_scandal "Cadet scandal") [Florida Legislative Investigation Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Legislative_Investigation_Committee "Florida Legislative Investigation Committee") [Sea queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_queen "Sea queen") [Compton's Cafeteria riot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton%27s_Cafeteria_riot "Compton's Cafeteria riot") [Stonewall riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_riots "Stonewall riots") [Gay Liberation Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Liberation_Front "Gay Liberation Front") [Handkerchief code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handkerchief_code "Handkerchief code") [Festival of Light action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Gay_Liberation_Front_1971_Festival_of_Light_action "UK Gay Liberation Front 1971 Festival of Light action") [White Night riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Night_riots "White Night riots") *[Front homosexuel d'action rĂ©volutionnaire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_homosexuel_d%27action_r%C3%A9volutionnaire "Front homosexuel d'action rĂ©volutionnaire")* [Florida orange juice boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%E2%80%931980_Florida_orange_juice_boycott "1977â1980 Florida orange juice boycott") [Operation Soap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Soap "Operation Soap") [Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology_of_HIV/AIDS "Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS") [ACT UP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACT_UP "ACT UP") [Section 28](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_28 "Section 28") [Tasty nightclub raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasty_nightclub_raid "Tasty nightclub raid") [Bar Abanicos police raid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_Abanicos_police_raid "Bar Abanicos police raid") |
| [21st century](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_LGBTQ_history,_21st_century "Timeline of LGBTQ history, 21st century") | [Timeline of same-sex marriage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage "Timeline of same-sex marriage") *[Lawrence v. Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_v._Texas "Lawrence v. Texas")* [Russian anti-LGBTQ law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_anti-LGBTQ_law "Russian anti-LGBTQ law") [Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2014 "Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014") [Rainbow wave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_wave "Rainbow wave") [Rainbow Night](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_Night "Rainbow Night") [2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States "2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States") [Trump-era persecution of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_transgender_people_under_the_second_Trump_administration "Persecution of transgender people under the second Trump administration") |
| [Rights and legal issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory "LGBTQ rights by country or territory") | |
| | |
| [LGBTQ rights by country or territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory "LGBTQ rights by country or territory") | [Africa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Africa "LGBTQ rights in Africa") [Americas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Americas "LGBTQ rights in the Americas") [Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Asia "LGBTQ rights in Asia") [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Europe "LGBTQ rights in Europe") [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Oceania "LGBTQ rights in Oceania") [List of LGBTQ rights articles by region](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_articles_by_region "List of LGBTQ rights articles by region") |
| LGBTQ rights topics | [Capital punishment for homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality "Capital punishment for homosexuality") [Censorship of LGBTQ issues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_of_LGBTQ_issues "Censorship of LGBTQ issues") [Civil unions and partnerships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_union "Civil union") [Criminalization of homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminalization_of_homosexuality "Criminalization of homosexuality") [decriminalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decriminalization_of_homosexuality "Decriminalization of homosexuality") [Hate crime laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_crime "Hate crime") [Intersex human rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex_human_rights "Intersex human rights") [Military service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_people_and_military_service "LGBTQ people and military service") [Same-sex parenting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_parenting "Same-sex parenting") [adoption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_adoption "Same-sex adoption") [Assisted reproduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_assisted_reproductive_technology_by_LGBTQ_people "Use of assisted reproductive technology by LGBTQ people") [Same-sex marriage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage "Same-sex marriage") [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_same-sex_marriage "Timeline of same-sex marriage") [Socialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBTQ_rights "Socialism and LGBTQ rights") [Legal status of transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_status_of_transgender_people "Legal status of transgender people") [Transgender rights movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_rights_movement "Transgender rights movement") [V-coding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-coding "V-coding") [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQI%2B_rights_at_the_United_Nations "LGBTQI+ rights at the United Nations")/[Yogyakarta Principles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogyakarta_Principles "Yogyakarta Principles") [La Francophonie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_La_Francophonie "LGBTQ rights in La Francophonie") [Commonwealth of Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations "LGBTQ rights in the Commonwealth of Nations") |
| [LGBTQ rights movements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_movements "LGBTQ movements") | [Homophile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophile_movement "Homophile movement") [Gay liberation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_liberation "Gay liberation") [LGBTQ rights groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_organizations "List of LGBTQ rights organizations") [LGBTQ rights activists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ_rights_activists "List of LGBTQ rights activists") [Rainbow capitalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_capitalism "Rainbow capitalism") [Separatism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queer_nationalism "Queer nationalism") [gay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_separatism "Gay separatism") [lesbian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbian_separatism "Lesbian separatism") |
| [Sexual orientation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation "Sexual orientation") â Medicine, science and sexology | |
| [Autism and LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_and_LGBTQ_people "Autism and LGBTQ people") [Biology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_and_sexual_orientation "Biology and sexual orientation") [Birth order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraternal_birth_order_and_male_sexual_orientation "Fraternal birth order and male sexual orientation") [Demographics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_sexual_orientation "Demographics of sexual orientation") [Disability and LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability_and_LGBTQ_people "Disability and LGBTQ people") [Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_and_sexual_orientation "Environment and sexual orientation") [Homosexuality and psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_psychology "Homosexuality and psychology") [Homosexuality in the DSM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_DSM "Homosexuality in the DSM") [Kinsey scale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinsey_scale "Kinsey scale") [Klein Grid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_Sexual_Orientation_Grid "Klein Sexual Orientation Grid") [Life expectancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_life_expectancy "LGBTQ life expectancy") [Neuroscience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroscience_and_sexual_orientation "Neuroscience and sexual orientation") [Prenatal hormones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation "Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation") [Sexual inversion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_inversion_\(sexology\) "Sexual inversion (sexology)") [Conversion therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_therapy "Conversion therapy") [Split attraction model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_attraction_model "Split attraction model") [Sexual orientation identity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_identity "Sexual identity") [Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_sexual_orientation_and_medicine "Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine") | |
| [Societal attitudes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality") Prejudice [Violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people "Violence against LGBTQ people") | |
| | |
| [Societal attitudes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_attitudes_toward_homosexuality "Societal attitudes toward homosexuality") | [Amatonormativity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatonormativity "Amatonormativity") [Heteronormativity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteronormativity "Heteronormativity") [Heteropatriarchy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteropatriarchy "Heteropatriarchy") [Homonationalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homonationalism "Homonationalism") [Pinkwashing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinkwashing_\(LGBTQ\) "Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)") [Gay panic defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_panic_defense "Gay panic defense") [Opposition to LGBTQ rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_LGBTQ_rights "Opposition to LGBTQ rights") [anti-LGBTQ rhetoric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric "Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric") [LGBTQ stereotypes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_stereotypes "LGBTQ stereotypes") [Suicide among LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people "Suicide among LGBTQ people") [list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_suicides_of_LGBTQ_people "List of suicides of LGBTQ people") [Monuments and memorials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_monuments_and_memorials "Category:LGBTQ monuments and memorials") [Queerbaiting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queerbaiting "Queerbaiting") [Homosexuality and religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion "Homosexuality and religion") [Transgender people and religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender_people_and_religion "Transgender people and religion") |
| Prejudice and discrimination | [Arophobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arophobia "Arophobia") [Acephobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people "Discrimination against asexual people") [Anti-gender movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-gender_movement "Anti-gender movement") [AIDS stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS "Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS") [Biphobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biphobia "Biphobia") [Gayphobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men "Discrimination against gay men") [Grooming conspiracy theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory "LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory") [Heterosexism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosexism "Heterosexism") [Homophobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophobia "Homophobia") [liberal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_homophobia "Liberal homophobia") [Discrimination against lesbians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_lesbians "Discrimination against lesbians") [Discrimination against non-binary people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people "Discrimination against non-binary people") [Racism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_the_LGBTQ_community "Racism in the LGBTQ community") [Riddle scale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddle_scale "Riddle scale") [SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups "List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups") [Transmisogyny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmisogyny "Transmisogyny") [Transphobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transphobia "Transphobia") |
| [Violence against LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people "Violence against LGBTQ people") | [Corrective rape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_rape "Corrective rape") [Capital punishment for homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality "Capital punishment for homosexuality") [Gay bashing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bashing "Gay bashing") [Violence against LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people "List of acts of violence against LGBTQ people") history [in the UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_Kingdom "History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United Kingdom") [in the US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_violence_against_LGBTQ_people_in_the_United_States "History of violence against LGBTQ people in the United States") [transgender people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people "Violence against transgender people") [unlawful killings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender "List of people killed for being transgender") [Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_homosexuals_in_Nazi_Germany "Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany") [Stop Murder Music](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music "Stop Murder Music") |
| ** [LGBTQ portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ "Portal:LGBTQ")**  **[Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBTQ "Category:LGBTQ")** | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Club_disasters "Template:Club disasters") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Club_disasters "Template talk:Club disasters") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Club_disasters "Special:EditPage/Template:Club disasters")Nightclub fires, disasters and attacks | |
| [Fires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nightclub_fires "List of nightclub fires") (accidental) | 1929 [Study Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Study_Club_fire "Study Club fire") 1940 [Rhythm Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythm_Club_fire "Rhythm Club fire") 1942 [Cocoanut Grove fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocoanut_Grove_fire "Cocoanut Grove fire") 1947 [Karlslust dance hall fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlslust_dance_hall_fire "Karlslust dance hall fire") 1961 [Top Storey Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Storey_Club "Top Storey Club") 1970 [Club Cinq-Sept fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_Cinq-Sept_fire "Club Cinq-Sept fire") 1972 [Play Town Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennichi_Department_Store_Building_fire "Sennichi Department Store Building fire") 1973 [Summerland disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerland_disaster "Summerland disaster") 1977 [Beverly Hills Supper Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Supper_Club_fire "Beverly Hills Supper Club fire") 1981 [Stardust fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stardust_fire "Stardust fire") 1983 [AlcalĂĄ 20 nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_20_nightclub_fire "AlcalĂĄ 20 nightclub fire") 1993 [Kheyvis fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kheyvis_fire "Kheyvis fire") 1996 [Ozone Disco fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_Disco_fire "Ozone Disco fire") 2000 [Luoyang Christmas fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luoyang_Christmas_fire "Luoyang Christmas fire") 2001 [Volendam New Year's fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volendam_New_Year%27s_fire "Volendam New Year's fire") 2001 [CanecĂŁo Mineiro nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canec%C3%A3o_Mineiro_nightclub_fire "CanecĂŁo Mineiro nightclub fire") 2002 [UtopĂa nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utop%C3%ADa_nightclub_fire "UtopĂa nightclub fire") 2003 [The Station nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Station_nightclub_fire "The Station nightclub fire") 2004 [Cromañón nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croma%C3%B1%C3%B3n_nightclub_fire "Cromañón nightclub fire") 2008 [Wuwang Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuwang_Club_fire "Wuwang Club fire") 2009 [Santika Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santika_Club_fire "Santika Club fire") 2009 [Lame Horse fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lame_Horse_fire "Lame Horse fire") 2013 [Kiss nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss_nightclub_fire "Kiss nightclub fire") 2015 [New Taipei water park fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_New_Taipei_water_park_fire "2015 New Taipei water park fire") 2015 [Colectiv nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colectiv_nightclub_fire "Colectiv nightclub fire") 2016 [Ghost Ship warehouse fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Ship_warehouse_fire "Ghost Ship warehouse fire") 2022 [YaoundĂ© nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9_nightclub_fire "YaoundĂ© nightclub fire") 2022 [Mountain B nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_B_nightclub_fire "Mountain B nightclub fire") 2022 [Binh Duong karaoke bar fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Binh_Duong_karaoke_bar_fire "2022 Binh Duong karaoke bar fire") 2022 [Kostroma cafĂ© fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_caf%C3%A9_fire "Kostroma cafĂ© fire") 2022 [Poipet casino hotel fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poipet_casino_hotel_fire "Poipet casino hotel fire") 2023 [Fonda Milagros nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonda_Milagros_nightclub_fire "Fonda Milagros nightclub fire") 2024 [Gayrettepe nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayrettepe_nightclub_fire "Gayrettepe nightclub fire") 2025 [KoÄani nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C4%8Dani_nightclub_fire "KoÄani nightclub fire") 2025 [Birch by Romeo Lane nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Arpora_nightclub_fire "2025 Arpora nightclub fire") 2026 [Crans-Montana bar fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Crans-Montana_bar_fire "2026 Crans-Montana bar fire") |
| [Crowd crushes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatal_crowd_crushes "List of fatal crowd crushes") | 2000 [Throb nightclub disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throb_nightclub_disaster "Throb nightclub disaster") 2003 [E2 nightclub crush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2_nightclub_stampede "E2 nightclub stampede") 2018 [El ParaĂso stampede](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Para%C3%ADso_stampede "El ParaĂso stampede") 2018 [Corinaldo stampede](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corinaldo_stampede "Corinaldo stampede") 2020 [Los Olivos stampede](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Olivos_stampede "Los Olivos stampede") 2022 [Seoul Halloween crowd crush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Halloween_crowd_crush "Seoul Halloween crowd crush") |
| Attacks | 1972 [Blue Bird Café fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bird_Caf%C3%A9_fire "Blue Bird Café fire") 1973 [Whiskey Au Go Go fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Au_Go_Go_fire "Whiskey Au Go Go fire") 1973 [UpStairs Lounge arson attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UpStairs_Lounge_arson_attack "UpStairs Lounge arson attack") 1974 [Gulliver's nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulliver%27s_nightclub_fire "Gulliver's nightclub fire") 1975 [Gargantua bar attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_bar_attack "Gargantua bar attack") 1976 [Puerto Rican Social Club fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Social_Club_fire "Puerto Rican Social Club fire") 1980 [Denmark Place fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark_Place_fire "Denmark Place fire") 1982 [Droppin Well bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droppin_Well_bombing "Droppin Well bombing") 1984 [Dallas nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Dallas_nightclub_shooting "1984 Dallas nightclub shooting") 1986 [West Berlin discotheque bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin_discotheque_bombing "West Berlin discotheque bombing") 1989 [Rockhampton nightclub bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockhampton_nightclub_bombings "Rockhampton nightclub bombings") 1990 [Happy Land fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Land_fire "Happy Land fire") 1990 [Rockhampton nightclub bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockhampton_nightclub_bombings "Rockhampton nightclub bombings") 1996 [Copenhagen rocket attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack "1996 Copenhagen rocket attack") 1997 [Otherside Lounge bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otherside_Lounge_bombing "Otherside Lounge bombing") 1998 [Gothenburg discothÚque fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Gothenburg_discotheque_fire "1998 Gothenburg discotheque fire") 1998 [Panda Bar massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panda_Bar_massacre "Panda Bar massacre") 2001 [Dolphinarium discotheque massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphinarium_discotheque_massacre "Dolphinarium discotheque massacre") 2001 [Myojo 56 building fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myojo_56_building_fire "Myojo 56 building fire") 2002 [Bali bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Bali_bombings "2002 Bali bombings") 2003 [El Nogal Club bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_El_Nogal_Club_bombing "2003 El Nogal Club bombing") 2004 [Columbus nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_nightclub_shooting "Columbus nightclub shooting") 2005 [Stage Club bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_Club_bombing "Stage Club bombing") 2006 [Arua nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arua_nightclub_shooting "Arua nightclub shooting") 2007 [London car bombs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_London_car_bombs "2007 London car bombs") 2011 [Tel Aviv nightclub attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tel_Aviv_nightclub_attack "2011 Tel Aviv nightclub attack") 2015 [Cairo restaurant fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Cairo_restaurant_fire "2015 Cairo restaurant fire") 2015 [Bataclan theatre massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks#Bataclan_theatre_massacre "November 2015 Paris attacks") 2016 [Pulse nightclub shooting]() 2016 [Movida Bar grenade attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Movida_Bar_grenade_attack "2016 Movida Bar grenade attack") 2017 [Istanbul nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_nightclub_shooting "Istanbul nightclub shooting") 2017 [Lima shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Lima_shooting "2017 Lima shooting") 2017 [Little Rock nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_nightclub_shooting "Little Rock nightclub shooting") 2017 [Konstanz shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Konstanz_shooting "2017 Konstanz shooting") 2018 [Thousand Oaks shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_shooting "Thousand Oaks shooting") 2019 [Salamanca nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salamanca_nightclub_shooting "Salamanca nightclub shooting") 2019 [Melbourne nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Melbourne_nightclub_shooting "2019 Melbourne nightclub shooting") 2019 [Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coatzacoalcos_nightclub_fire "Coatzacoalcos nightclub fire") 2022 [Oslo shootings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Oslo_shooting "2022 Oslo shooting") 2022 [Bratislava shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Bratislava_shooting "2022 Bratislava shooting") 2022 [Colorado Springs nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Springs_nightclub_shooting "Colorado Springs nightclub shooting") 2025 [Chicago shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Chicago_shooting "2025 Chicago shooting") |
| Other | 1925 [Pickwick Club collapse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickwick_Club_collapse "Pickwick Club collapse") 2022 [Enyobeni Tavern disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enyobeni_Tavern_disaster "Enyobeni Tavern disaster") (cause of death unknown) 2025 [Jet Set nightclub roof collapse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Set_nightclub_roof_collapse "Jet Set nightclub roof collapse") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Terrorist_attacks_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Template:Terrorist attacks in the United States by deaths") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Terrorist_attacks_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Template talk:Terrorist attacks in the United States by deaths") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorist_attacks_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Special:EditPage/Template:Terrorist attacks in the United States by deaths")[Deadliest terrorist attacks in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") | |
| [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks") (2001) ([2,977 deaths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_victims_of_the_September_11_attacks "Lists of victims of the September 11 attacks")) [Oklahoma City bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing "Oklahoma City bombing") (1995) (168 deaths) [Mountain Meadows Massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Meadows_Massacre "Mountain Meadows Massacre") (1857) (120 deaths) [Tulsa race massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre "Tulsa race massacre") (1921) (75â300 deaths) [Pulse nightclub shooting]() (2016) (49 deaths) [Bath School disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_School_disaster "Bath School disaster") (1927) (44 deaths) [Wall Street bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_bombing "Wall Street bombing") (1920) (38 deaths) [UpStairs Lounge arson attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UpStairs_Lounge_arson_attack "UpStairs Lounge arson attack") (1973) (32 deaths) [El Paso Walmart shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_El_Paso_Walmart_shooting "2019 El Paso Walmart shooting") (2019) (23 deaths) [Wilmington insurrection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmington_massacre "Wilmington massacre") (1898) (22 deaths) [Los Angeles Times bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_bombing "Los Angeles Times bombing") (1910) (21 deaths) [New Orleans truck attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_New_Orleans_truck_attack "2025 New Orleans truck attack") (2025) (14 deaths) [Fort Hood shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting "2009 Fort Hood shooting") (2009) (14 deaths) [San Bernardino attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") (2015) (14 deaths) [Haymarket affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_affair "Haymarket affair") (1886) (12 deaths) [LaGuardia Airport bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975_LaGuardia_Airport_bombing "1975 LaGuardia Airport bombing") (1975) (11 deaths) [Pittsburgh synagogue shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting "Pittsburgh synagogue shooting") (2018) (11 deaths) [Preparedness Day bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preparedness_Day_bombing "Preparedness Day bombing") (1916) (10 deaths) [Milwaukee Police Department bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee_Police_Department_bombing "Milwaukee Police Department bombing") (1917) (10 deaths) [Buffalo supermarket shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting "2022 Buffalo shooting") (2022) (10 deaths) | |
| Death counts do not include deceased perpetrator(s). This navbox reflects information from [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States#Deadliest_attacks "Terrorism in the United States"). | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Template:Mass shootings in the United States by deaths") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Template talk:Mass shootings in the United States by deaths") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_by_deaths "Special:EditPage/Template:Mass shootings in the United States by deaths")[Deadliest mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_by_death_toll "List of mass shootings in the United States by death toll") | |
| [Paradise, NV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting") (2017) (60 deaths) [Orlando, FL]() (2016) (49 deaths) [Blacksburg, VA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Tech_shooting "Virginia Tech shooting") (2007) (32 deaths) [Newtown, CT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting") (2012) (27 deaths) [Sutherland Springs, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutherland_Springs_church_shooting "Sutherland Springs church shooting") (2017) (26 deaths) [Killeen, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luby%27s_shooting "Luby's shooting") (1991) (23 deaths) [El Paso, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_El_Paso_Walmart_shooting "2019 El Paso Walmart shooting") (2019) (23 deaths) [San Diego, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Ysidro_McDonald%27s_massacre "San Ysidro McDonald's massacre") (1984) (22 deaths) [Uvalde, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvalde_school_shooting "Uvalde school shooting") (2022) (21 deaths) [Lewiston, ME](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Lewiston_shootings "2023 Lewiston shootings") (2023) (18 deaths) [Parkland, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkland_high_school_shooting "Parkland high school shooting") (2018) (17 deaths) [Austin, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Texas_tower_shooting "University of Texas tower shooting") (1966) (15 deaths) [Fort Hood, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting "2009 Fort Hood shooting") (2009) (14 deaths) [San Bernardino, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") (2015) (14 deaths) [Edmond, OK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_post_office_shooting "Edmond post office shooting") (1986) (14 deaths) [Columbine, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre "Columbine High School massacre") (1999) (14 deaths) [Binghamton, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Binghamton_shooting "2009 Binghamton shooting") (2009) (13 deaths) [Camden, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Unruh "Howard Unruh") (1949) (13 deaths) [Wilkes-Barre, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Wilkes-Barre_shootings "1982 Wilkes-Barre shootings") (1982) (13 deaths) [Seattle, WA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wah_Mee_massacre "Wah Mee massacre") (1983) (13 deaths) [Aurora, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Aurora_theater_shooting "2012 Aurora theater shooting") (2012) (12 deaths) [Thousand Oaks, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_shooting "Thousand Oaks shooting") (2018) (12 deaths) [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard_shooting "Washington Navy Yard shooting") (2013) (12 deaths) [Virginia Beach, VA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Virginia_Beach_shooting "2019 Virginia Beach shooting") (2019) (12 deaths) [Monterey Park, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Monterey_Park_shooting "2023 Monterey Park shooting") (2023) (11 deaths) [Jacksonville, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Edward_Pough "James Edward Pough") (1990) (11 deaths) [Pittsburgh, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting "Pittsburgh synagogue shooting") (2018) (11 deaths) [Hamilton, OH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Sunday_Massacre "Easter Sunday Massacre") (1975) (11 deaths) [Santa Fe, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_High_School_shooting "Santa Fe High School shooting") (2018) (10 deaths) [Geneva County, AL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_County_shootings "Geneva County shootings") (2009) (10 deaths) [Buffalo, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting "2022 Buffalo shooting") (2022) (10 deaths) [Boulder, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Boulder_shooting "2021 Boulder shooting") (2021) (10 deaths) [New York City, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_Palm_Sunday_massacre "1984 Palm Sunday massacre") (1984) (10 deaths) | |
| Death counts do not include deceased perpetrator(s). This navbox reflects information from [this list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States#Deadliest_mass_shootings_since_1949 "Mass shootings in the United States"). | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2010s "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2010s") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2010s "Template talk:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2010s") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2010s "Special:EditPage/Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2010s")[Mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States "Mass shootings in the United States") in the 2010s | |
| 2010 | [St. Louis, MO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB_plant_shooting "ABB plant shooting") (Jan. 7) [Kennesaw, GA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penske_office_shooting "Penske office shooting") (Jan. 12) [Appomattox, VA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Appomattox_shootings "2010 Appomattox shootings") (Jan. 17â20) [Huntsville, AL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_University_of_Alabama_in_Huntsville_shooting "2010 University of Alabama in Huntsville shooting") (Feb. 12) [West Memphis, AR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_West_Memphis_police_shootings "2010 West Memphis police shootings") (May 20) [Manchester, CT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartford_Distributors_shooting "Hartford Distributors shooting") (Aug. 3) [Buffalo, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_City_Grill_shooting "2010 City Grill shooting") (Aug. 14) |
| 2011 | [Casas Adobes, AZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Tucson_shooting "2011 Tucson shooting") (Jan. 8) [Medford, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Medford_pharmacy_shooting "2011 Medford pharmacy shooting") (Jun. 19) [Grand Rapids, MI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Grand_Rapids_shootings "2011 Grand Rapids shootings") (Jul. 7) [Copley Township, OH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Copley_Township_shooting "2011 Copley Township shooting") (Aug. 7) [Carson City, NV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carson_City_IHOP_shooting "Carson City IHOP shooting") (Sep. 6) [Seal Beach, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Seal_Beach_shooting "2011 Seal Beach shooting") (Oct. 12) [Irwindale, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_California_Edison_shooting "Southern California Edison shooting") (Dec. 16) |
| 2012 | [Chardon, OH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Chardon_High_School_shooting "2012 Chardon High School shooting") (Feb. 27) [Oakland, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Oikos_University_shooting "2012 Oikos University shooting") (Apr. 2) [Seattle, WA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Seattle_caf%C3%A9_shootings "2012 Seattle café shootings") (May 30) [Houston, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trae_tha_Truth#Shooting "Trae tha Truth") (Jun. 20) [Aurora, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Aurora_theater_shooting "2012 Aurora theater shooting") (Jul. 20) [Oak Creek, WI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting "Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting") (Aug. 5) [Wicksburg, AL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Wicksburg_nightclub_shooting "2012 Wicksburg nightclub shooting") (Aug. 9) [College Station, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_College_Station_shooting "2012 College Station shooting") (Aug. 13) [St. John the Baptist Parish, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_shootings_of_St._John_the_Baptist_Parish_police_officers "2012 shootings of St. John the Baptist Parish police officers") (Aug. 16) [Manhattan, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Empire_State_Building_shooting "2012 Empire State Building shooting") (Aug. 24) [Minneapolis, MN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_firm_shooting "Minneapolis firm shooting") (Sep. 27) [Brookfield, WI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azana_Spa_shooting "Azana Spa shooting") (Oct. 21) [Fresno, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Fresno_meat_plant_shooting "2012 Fresno meat plant shooting") (Nov. 6) [Newtown, CT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Hook_Elementary_School_shooting "Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting") (Dec. 14) [Webster, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Webster_shooting "2012 Webster shooting") (Dec. 24) |
| 2013 | [Albuquerque, NM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_South_Valley_homicides "2013 South Valley homicides") (Jan. 19) [Herkimer County, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herkimer_County_shootings "Herkimer County shootings") (Mar. 13) [Hialeah, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Hialeah_shooting "2013 Hialeah shooting") (Jul. 26) [Ross Township, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Township_Municipal_Building_shooting "Ross Township Municipal Building shooting") (Aug. 5) [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Navy_Yard_shooting "Washington Navy Yard shooting") (Sep. 16) [Los Angeles, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Los_Angeles_International_Airport_shooting "2013 Los Angeles International Airport shooting") (Nov. 1) |
| 2014 | [Killeen, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Fort_Hood_shootings "2014 Fort Hood shootings") (Apr. 2) [Isla Vista, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Isla_Vista_killings "2014 Isla Vista killings") (May 23) [Harris County, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Harris_County_shooting "2014 Harris County shooting") (Jul. 9) [Marysville, WA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Marysville_Pilchuck_High_School_shooting "2014 Marysville Pilchuck High School shooting") (Oct. 24) [Montgomery County, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Montgomery_County_shootings "2014 Montgomery County shootings") (Dec. 15) |
| 2015 | [Tyrone, MO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Tyrone_shootings "2015 Tyrone shootings") (Feb. 26) [Waco, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout "2015 Waco shootout") (May 17) [Charleston, SC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting "Charleston church shooting") (Jun. 17) [Chattanooga, TN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Chattanooga_shootings "2015 Chattanooga shootings") (Jul. 16) [Lafayette, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Lafayette_shooting "2015 Lafayette shooting") (Jul. 23) [Harris County, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Harris_County_shooting "2015 Harris County shooting") (Aug. 8) [Roseburg, OR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Umpqua_Community_College_shooting "2015 Umpqua Community College shooting") (Oct. 1) [Flagstaff, AZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Northern_Arizona_University_shooting "2015 Northern Arizona University shooting") (Oct. 9) [Anderson County, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Texas_campsite_shooting "2015 Texas campsite shooting") (Nov. 15) [Colorado Springs, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Springs_Planned_Parenthood_shooting "Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting") (Nov. 27) [San Bernardino, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") (Dec. 2) |
| 2016 | [Kalamazoo County, MI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Kalamazoo_shootings "2016 Kalamazoo shootings") (Feb. 20) [Newton & Hesston, KS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesston_shootings "Hesston shootings") (Feb. 25) [Wilkinsburg, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Wilkinsburg_shooting "2016 Wilkinsburg shooting") (Mar. 9) [Kansas City, KS & Montgomery County, MO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Kansas%E2%80%93Missouri_murder_spree "2016 KansasâMissouri murder spree") (Mar. 7â8) [St. George's County & Montgomery County, MD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulalio_Tordil_shootings "Eulalio Tordil shootings") (May 5â6) [Orlando, FL]() (Jun. 12) [Dallas, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Dallas_police_officers "2016 shooting of Dallas police officers") (Jul. 7) [St. Joseph, MI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Joseph_courthouse_shooting "St. Joseph courthouse shooting") (Jul. 11) [Baton Rouge, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_shooting_of_Baton_Rouge_police_officers "2016 shooting of Baton Rouge police officers") (Jul. 17) [Mukilteo, WA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Mukilteo_shooting "2016 Mukilteo shooting") (Jul. 30) [Citronelle, AL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Citronelle_homicides "2016 Citronelle homicides") (Aug. 20) [Burlington, WA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Cascade_Mall_shooting "2016 Cascade Mall shooting") (Sep. 23) [Townville, SC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Townville_Elementary_School_shooting "2016 Townville Elementary School shooting") (Sep. 28) |
| 2017 | [Broward County, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale_airport_shooting "Fort Lauderdale airport shooting") (Jan. 6) [Schofield, Rothschild, & Weston, WI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Marathon_County_shootings "2017 Marathon County shootings") (Mar. 22) [Fresno, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Fresno_shootings "2017 Fresno shootings") (Apr. 18) [Lincoln County, MS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Mississippi_shootings "2017 Mississippi shootings") (May 27) [Orange County, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_factory_shooting "Orlando factory shooting") (Jun. 5) [Sandy, UT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Sandy,_Utah_attack "2017 Sandy, Utah attack") (Jun. 6) [Alexandria, VA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_baseball_shooting "Congressional baseball shooting") (Jun. 14) [San Francisco, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_UPS_shooting "San Francisco UPS shooting") (Jun. 14) [Bronx, NY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx-Lebanon_Hospital_attack "Bronx-Lebanon Hospital attack") (Jun. 30) [Little Rock, AR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_nightclub_shooting "Little Rock nightclub shooting") (Jul. 1) [Clovis, NM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clovis_library_shooting "Clovis library shooting") (Aug. 28) [Plano, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Plano_shooting "2017 Plano shooting") (Sep. 10) [Nashville, TN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burnette_Chapel_shooting "Burnette Chapel shooting") (Sep. 24) [Paradise, NV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting") (Oct. 1) [Sutherland Springs, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutherland_Springs_church_shooting "Sutherland Springs church shooting") (Nov. 5) [Rancho Tehama, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rancho_Tehama_shootings "Rancho Tehama shootings") (Nov. 13â14) [Highlands Ranch, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_Canyon_Apartment_Homes_shooting "Copper Canyon Apartment Homes shooting") (Dec. 31) |
| [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_2018 "List of mass shootings in the United States in 2018") | [Draffenville, KY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Marshall_County_High_School_shooting "2018 Marshall County High School shooting") (Jan. 23) [Parkland, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkland_high_school_shooting "Parkland high school shooting") (Feb. 14) [Nashville, TN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville_Waffle_House_shooting "Nashville Waffle House shooting") (Apr. 22) [Santa Fe, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_High_School_shooting "Santa Fe High School shooting") (May 18) [Scottsdale, AZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Scottsdale_shootings "2018 Scottsdale shootings") (May 30âJun. 4) [Trenton, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_All_Night_shooting "Art All Night shooting") (Jun. 17) [Annapolis, MD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Gazette_shooting "Capital Gazette shooting") (Jun. 28) [Jacksonville, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Jacksonville_Landing_shooting "2018 Jacksonville Landing shooting") (Aug. 26) [Cincinnati, OH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Cincinnati_shooting "2018 Cincinnati shooting") (Sep. 6) [Aberdeen, MD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Aberdeen,_Maryland_shooting "2018 Aberdeen, Maryland shooting") (Sep. 20) [Florence, SC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence,_South_Carolina_shooting "Florence, South Carolina shooting") (Oct. 3) [Pittsburgh, PA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting "Pittsburgh synagogue shooting") (Oct. 27) [Tallahassee, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Tallahassee_shooting "2018 Tallahassee shooting") (Nov. 2) [Thousand Oaks, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thousand_Oaks_shooting "Thousand Oaks shooting") (Nov. 7) [Robbins, IL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson "Killing of Jemel Roberson") (Nov. 11) |
| [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_2019 "List of mass shootings in the United States in 2019") | [Sebring, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Sebring_shooting "2019 Sebring shooting") (Jan. 23) [Ascension & Livingston Parishes, LA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2019_Louisiana_shootings "January 2019 Louisiana shootings") (Jan. 26) [Houston, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harding_Street_raid "Harding Street raid") (Jan. 28) [Aurora, IL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois_shooting "Aurora, Illinois shooting") (Feb. 15) [Poway, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poway_synagogue_shooting "Poway synagogue shooting") (Apr. 27) [Charlotte, NC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte_shooting "2019 University of North Carolina at Charlotte shooting") (Apr. 30) [Highlands Ranch, CO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_School_Highlands_Ranch_shooting "STEM School Highlands Ranch shooting") (May 7) [Virginia Beach, VA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Virginia_Beach_shooting "2019 Virginia Beach shooting") (May 31) [Gilroy, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilroy_Garlic_Festival_shooting "Gilroy Garlic Festival shooting") (Jul. 28) [El Paso, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_El_Paso_Walmart_shooting "2019 El Paso Walmart shooting") (Aug. 3) [Dayton, OH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Dayton_shooting "2019 Dayton shooting") (Aug. 4) [Midland & Odessa, TX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland%E2%80%93Odessa_shootings "MidlandâOdessa shootings") (Aug. 31) [San Juan, PR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_R%C3%ADo_Piedras_shooting "2019 RĂo Piedras shooting") (Oct. 14) [Orinda, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinda_shooting "Orinda shooting") (Oct. 31) [Santa Clarita, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saugus_High_School_shooting "Saugus High School shooting") (Nov. 14) [Fresno, CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Fresno_shooting "2019 Fresno shooting") (Nov. 17) [Pensacola, FL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola_shooting "Naval Air Station Pensacola shooting") (Dec. 6) [Jersey City, NJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Jersey_City_shooting "2019 Jersey City shooting") (Dec. 10) |
| Part of [mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States "Mass shootings in the United States") by time period ([1980s and before](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_1980s_and_before "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 1980s and before"), [1990s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_1990s "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 1990s"), [2000s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2000s "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2000s"), [2010s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2010s "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2010s"), [2020s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_the_2020s "Template:Mass shootings in the United States in the 2020s")) | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama "Template:Barack Obama") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama "Template talk:Barack Obama") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama "Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama")[Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") | |
| [44th](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States "List of presidents of the United States") [President of the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") (2009â2017) [U.S. Senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate "United States Senate") [from Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois "List of United States senators from Illinois") (2005â2008) [Illinois Senator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate "Illinois Senate") from the 13th district (1997â2004) | |
| | |
| Life and politics | [Early life and career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama "Early life and career of Barack Obama") [Illinois Senate career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama "Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama") [2004 Democratic National Convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention "2004 Democratic National Convention") [U.S. Senate career](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama "US Senate career of Barack Obama") [Political positions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama "Political positions of Barack Obama") [Administration foreign policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Foreign policy of the Obama administration") [Cannabis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Cannabis policy of the Obama administration") [Mass surveillance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance "Barack Obama on mass surveillance") [Social](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Social policy of the Obama administration") [Space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Space policy of the Obama administration") [2009 Nobel Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2009 Nobel Peace Prize") [West Wing Week](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Wing_Week "West Wing Week") |
| [Presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Presidency of Barack Obama") ([timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency")) | [Transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama "Presidential transition of Barack Obama") Inaugurations [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama "First inauguration of Barack Obama") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama "Second inauguration of Barack Obama") [First 100 days](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Obama_presidency "First 100 days of the Obama presidency") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2009\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2010\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2011\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)") [2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2012\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2013\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2014\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2015\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2016%E2%80%932017\) "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016â2017)") [January 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_\(2016%E2%80%932017\)#January_2017 "Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016â2017)") [Foreign policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Foreign policy of the Obama administration") [Ambassadors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Barack_Obama "List of ambassadors appointed by Barack Obama") [Middle East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Obama administration") [Afghanistan withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_\(2011%E2%80%932016\) "Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011â2016)") [Iraq withdrawal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_\(2007%E2%80%932011\) "Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007â2011)") [Killing of Osama bin Laden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden "Killing of Osama bin Laden") [Benghazi attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack "2012 Benghazi attack") [Return to Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)") [War in Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war") [Relations with Iran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations_during_the_Obama_administration "IranâUnited States relations during the Obama administration") [Iran nuclear deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action") [Pivot to Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "East Asian foreign policy of the Obama administration") [Cuban thaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_thaw "Cuban thaw") [Obama Doctrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_Doctrine "Obama Doctrine") [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "European foreign policy of the Obama administration") [Economic policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Economic policy of the Obama administration") [Affordable Care Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act "Affordable Care Act") [American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009 "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009") [DoddâFrank Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act "DoddâFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act") [Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009 "Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009") [Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Energy policy of the Obama administration")/Environmental [Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act "Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act") [Marine policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Obama_administration "Marine policy of the Obama administration") [New Energy for America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Energy_for_America "New Energy for America") [Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act "Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act") [Clean Power Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan "Clean Power Plan") [Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Water_Act "Clean Water Act") [Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010 "Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010") [New START](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_START "New START") [State visit to the United Kingdom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_visit_by_Barack_Obama_to_the_United_Kingdom "State visit by Barack Obama to the United Kingdom") [MAP-21st Century Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act "Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act") [FAST Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act "Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act") [Pardons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama "List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama") [Presidential trips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama "Lists of presidential trips made by Barack Obama") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2009\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2010\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2011\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)") [2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2012\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2013\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2014\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2015\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)") [2016â17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_\(2016%E2%80%9317\) "List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016â17)") [international](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama "List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama") [Judicial appointments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama "List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama") [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates "Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates") [Sotomayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination "Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination") [Kagan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination "Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination") [Garland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination "Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination") [controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies "Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies") [Cabinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama "Cabinet of Barack Obama") [Biden vice presidency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_presidency_of_Joe_Biden "Vice presidency of Joe Biden") [Obama Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_Foundation "Obama Foundation") [Presidential Library and Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center "Barack Obama Presidential Center") [Executive actions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama "List of executive actions by Barack Obama") [Executive orders](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders "wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders") [Memoranda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama "List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama") [Proclamations](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations "wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations") [Trump transition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump "First presidential transition of Donald Trump") [Plantation Estate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation_Estate "Plantation Estate") |
| [Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama "Category:Books by Barack Obama") | [*Dreams from My Father* (1995)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father "Dreams from My Father") [*The Audacity of Hope* (2006)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope "The Audacity of Hope") [*Of Thee I Sing* (2010)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_\(book\) "Of Thee I Sing (book)") [*A Promised Land* (2020)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Promised_Land "A Promised Land") |
| [Speeches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama "Speeches of Barack Obama") | "[The Audacity of Hope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address "2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address")" (2004) "[Yes We Can](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night "s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night")" (2008) "[A More Perfect Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_\(speech\) "A More Perfect Union (speech)")" (2008) "[Change Has Come to America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech "Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech")" (2008) "[A New Birth of Freedom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom" "First inauguration of Barack Obama")" (2009) [Congressional joint session address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress") (2009) "[A New Beginning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_New_Beginning_\(speech\) "A New Beginning (speech)")" (2009) [Congressional joint session address (health care reform)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress "September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress") (2009) [State of the Union Address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_the_Union "State of the Union") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address "2010 State of the Union Address") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address "2011 State of the Union Address") [2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address "2012 State of the Union Address") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address "2013 State of the Union Address") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address "2014 State of the Union Address") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address "2015 State of the Union Address") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address "2016 State of the Union Address") [Tucson memorial speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech "Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech") (2011) [Congressional joint session address (jobs)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Jobs_Act "American Jobs Act") (2011) "[You didn't build that](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that "You didn't build that")" (2012) [Selma 50th anniversary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech "Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech") (2015) [Farewell address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address "Barack Obama's farewell address") (2017) |
| [Elections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama "Electoral history of Barack Obama") | |
| | |
| Illinois | [State Senate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama "Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama") [1996](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996 "Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama") [1998](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998 "Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama") [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002 "Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama") U.S. House of Representatives [2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election "2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election") |
| U.S. Senate | [2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois "2004 United States Senate election in Illinois") |
| Presidential | [2008 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign "Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements") [GOP/conservative support](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008 "Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008") [staff members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members "List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries") [primary campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign "Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign") [running mate selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection "2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention "2008 Democratic National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates "2008 United States presidential debates") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election "2008 United States presidential election") [2012 campaign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign "Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign") [endorsements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements "List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements") [primaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries "2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries") [convention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention "2012 Democratic National Convention") [debates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates "2012 United States presidential debates") [election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election "2012 United States presidential election") |
| [Family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama "Family of Barack Obama") | [Michelle Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelle_Obama "Michelle Obama") (wife) [Ann Dunham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann_Dunham "Ann Dunham") (mother) [Barack Obama Sr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr. "Barack Obama Sr.") (father) [Lolo Soetoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro "Lolo Soetoro") (stepfather) [Maya Soetoro-Ng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng "Maya Soetoro-Ng") (maternal half-sister) [Stanley Armour Dunham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham "Stanley Armour Dunham") (maternal grandfather) [Madelyn Dunham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham "Madelyn Dunham") (maternal grandmother) [Auma Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auma_Obama "Auma Obama") (paternal half-sister) [Malik Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Obama "Malik Obama") (paternal half-brother) [Marian Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian_Robinson "Marian Robinson") (mother-in-law) [Craig Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Robinson_\(basketball\) "Craig Robinson (basketball)") (brother-in-law) [Bo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_\(dog\) "Bo (dog)") (family dog) [Sunny](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunny_\(dog\) "Sunny (dog)") (family dog) |
| [Public image](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama "Public image of Barack Obama") | |
| News and political events | [Oprah Winfrey's endorsement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama "Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama") [Citizenship conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories") [litigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation "Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation") [Religion conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories "Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories") [Bill Ayers controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy "Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy") [Jeremiah Wright controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy "Jeremiah Wright controversy") [Republican and conservative support (2008)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008 "Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008") [Assassination threats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama "Security incidents involving Barack Obama") [2008 Denver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver "Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver") [2008 Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee "Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee") [First inauguration invitations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama "Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama") [Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial "We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial") *[Citizen's Briefing Book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book "Citizen's Briefing Book")* [Tea Party protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_protests "Tea Party protests") [New Energy for America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Energy_for_America "New Energy for America") [GatesâCrowley Rose Garden meeting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement "Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy") [Firing of Shirley Sherrod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod "Firing of Shirley Sherrod") [Impeachment efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama "Efforts to impeach Barack Obama") [Tan suit controversy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy "Barack Obama tan suit controversy") |
| [Books about](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama "Category:Books about Barack Obama") | [Bibliography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama "Bibliography of Barack Obama") *[Obama: From Promise to Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power "Obama: From Promise to Power")* *[Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy "Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy")* *[Redemption Song](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redemption_Song_\(Stanage_book\) "Redemption Song (Stanage book)")* *[The Case Against Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama "The Case Against Barack Obama")* *[The Obama Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obama_Nation "The Obama Nation")* *[Culture of Corruption](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption "Culture of Corruption")* *[Catastrophe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophe_\(Morris_and_McGann_book\) "Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)")* *[Barack and Michelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle "Barack and Michelle")* *[The Speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Speech_\(Sharpley-Whiting_book\) "The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)")* *[The Obama Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obama_Story "The Obama Story")* *[Between Barack and a Hard Place](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place "Between Barack and a Hard Place")* *[Game Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_Change "Game Change")* *[Obama Zombies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_Zombies "Obama Zombies")* *[Conservative Victory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_Victory "Conservative Victory")* *[The Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama "The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama")* *[The Obama Diaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries "The Obama Diaries")* *[The Obama Syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome "The Obama Syndrome")* *[The Obama Identity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Obama_Identity "The Obama Identity")* *[O: A Presidential Novel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel "O: A Presidential Novel")* *[Where's the Birth Certificate?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F "Where's the Birth Certificate?")* *[Obama's Last Stand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand "Obama's Last Stand")* *[Barack Obama: The Story](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story "Barack Obama: The Story")* *[Game Change 2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012 "Double Down: Game Change 2012")* *[Buyer's Remorse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_\(book\) "Buyer's Remorse (book)")* *[Rising Star](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rising_Star_\(book\) "Rising Star (book)")* *[Shade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents "Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents")* *[The World as It Is](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_\(book\) "The World as It Is (book)")* |
| Music | [Obama Girl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger "Amber Lee Ettinger") "[I Got a Crush... on Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crush_on_Obama "Crush on Obama")" "[Barack the Magic Negro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama "Magical Negro")" [will.i.am](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will.i.am "Will.i.am") "[Yes We Can](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes_We_Can_\(will.i.am_song\) "Yes We Can (will.i.am song)")" "[The President Sang Amazing Grace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace "The President Sang Amazing Grace")" "[There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama "There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama")" "[SĂ Se Puede Cambiar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar "SĂ Se Puede Cambiar")" "[My President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_President "My President")" "[Deadheads for Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama "Deadheads for Obama")" "[Air and Simple Gifts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts "Air and Simple Gifts")" *[Change Is Now](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise "Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise")* *[Hope! â Das Obama Musical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical "Hope! â Das Obama Musical")* "[Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_\(video\) "Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)")" *[Barack's Dubs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baracksdubs "Baracksdubs")* "[Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance "Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours")" |
| Film, TV, and stage | *[By the People: The Election of Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama "By the People: The Election of Barack Obama")* (2009) *[Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_\(film\) "Change (film)")* (2010) *[Little Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Obama "Little Obama")* (2010) *[2016: Obama's America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America "2016: Obama's America")* (2012) *[The Road We've Traveled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled "The Road We've Traveled")* (2012) *[Southside with You](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southside_with_You "Southside with You")* (2016) *[Hillary and Clinton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton "Hillary and Clinton")* (2016) *[Barry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_\(2016_film\) "Barry (2016 film)")* (2016) *[America's Great Divide: From Obama to Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide:_From_Obama_to_Trump "America's Great Divide: From Obama to Trump")* (2020) *[We the People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_the_People_\(2021_TV_series\) "We the People (2021 TV series)")* (2021) *[Renegades: Born in the USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA "Renegades: Born in the USA")* (2021) *[Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union "Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union")* (2021) *[The First Lady](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_First_Lady_\(American_TV_series\) "The First Lady (American TV series)")* (2022) *[Picturing the Obamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas "Picturing the Obamas")* (2022) |
| [Other media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama "Category:Images of Barack Obama") | [Social media use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama "Social media use by Barack Obama") [Artists for Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artists_for_Obama "Artists for Obama") ["Hope" poster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster "Barack Obama \"Hope\" poster") ["Joker" poster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster "Barack Obama \"Joker\" poster") [*Hair Like Mine*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine "Hair Like Mine") [*Situation Room*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situation_Room_\(photograph\) "Situation Room (photograph)") [Iman Crosson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iman_Crosson "Iman Crosson") *[The Forgotten Man](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_\(painting\) "The Forgotten Man (painting)")* (2010 painting) *[Saraswati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraswati_\(sculpture\) "Saraswati (sculpture)")* (2013 sculpture) *[President Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_\(painting\) "President Barack Obama (painting)")* (2018 portrait) [Official White House portrait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_White_House_portraits_of_Michelle_and_Barack_Obama "Official White House portraits of Michelle and Barack Obama") (2022) [Obama logo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_logo "Obama logo") [In comics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics "Barack Obama in comics") "[Spidey Meets the President\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spidey_Meets_the_President! "Spidey Meets the President!")" *[Bomb Queen: Time Bomb: Countdown To Armageddon](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bomb_Queen:_Time_Bomb:_Countdown_To_Armageddon&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bomb Queen: Time Bomb: Countdown To Armageddon (page does not exist)")* [Barack Obama's summer playlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist "Barack Obama's summer playlist") [Obama is a schmuck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_is_a_schmuck "Obama is a schmuck") |
| Related | [Barack Obama Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day "Barack Obama Day") [Awards and honors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Barack_Obama "List of awards and honors received by Barack Obama") [Namesakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama "List of things named after Barack Obama") [Higher Ground Productions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions "Higher Ground Productions") "[One Last Time (44 Remix)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Last_Time_\(Hamilton_song\)#Remix "One Last Time (Hamilton song)")" [Sunlight before signing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing "Sunlight before signing") |
| **[â George W. Bush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush "George W. Bush")** **[Donald Trump â](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump")** ** [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama "Category:Barack Obama")** | |
| | |
|---|---|
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control"): National [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24561572#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2017004654) [Poland](https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9813242245805606) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987012408447805171) |
Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&oldid=1347191764>"
[Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"):
- [Orlando nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Category:Orlando nightclub shooting")
- [2010s crimes in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_crimes_in_Florida "Category:2010s crimes in Florida")
- [2010s in Orlando, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_in_Orlando,_Florida "Category:2010s in Orlando, Florida")
- [2016 in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2016_in_Florida "Category:2016 in Florida")
- [2016 in LGBTQ history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2016_in_LGBTQ_history "Category:2016 in LGBTQ history")
- [2016 mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2016_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States "Category:2016 mass shootings in the United States")
- [2016 murders in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2016_murders_in_the_United_States "Category:2016 murders in the United States")
- [Anti-American sentiment in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-American_sentiment_in_the_United_States "Category:Anti-American sentiment in the United States")
- [Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Attacks_on_buildings_and_structures_in_2016 "Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016")
- [Attacks on buildings and structures in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Attacks_on_buildings_and_structures_in_Florida "Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Florida")
- [Attacks on nightclubs in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Attacks_on_nightclubs_in_the_United_States "Category:Attacks on nightclubs in the United States")
- [Deaths by firearm in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_firearm_in_Florida "Category:Deaths by firearm in Florida")
- [Hispanic and Latino American history of Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hispanic_and_Latino_American_history_of_Florida "Category:Hispanic and Latino American history of Florida")
- [Hostage taking in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hostage_taking_in_the_United_States "Category:Hostage taking in the United States")
- [ISIL terrorist incidents in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:ISIL_terrorist_incidents_in_the_United_States "Category:ISIL terrorist incidents in the United States")
- [Islamic terrorism in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_terrorism_in_Florida "Category:Islamic terrorism in Florida")
- [June 2016 crimes in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:June_2016_crimes_in_the_United_States "Category:June 2016 crimes in the United States")
- [LGBTQ history in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_history_in_Florida "Category:LGBTQ history in Florida")
- [LGBTQ-related controversies in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBTQ-related_controversies_in_the_United_States "Category:LGBTQ-related controversies in the United States")
- [Mass murders in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_murders_in_Florida "Category:Mass murders in Florida")
- [2010s mass murders in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2010s_mass_murders_in_the_United_States "Category:2010s mass murders in the United States")
- [Mass shootings in Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_shootings_in_Florida "Category:Mass shootings in Florida")
- [Mass shootings involving AR-15âstyle rifles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_shootings_involving_AR-15%E2%80%93style_rifles "Category:Mass shootings involving AR-15âstyle rifles")
- [Mass shootings involving Glock pistols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_shootings_involving_Glock_pistols "Category:Mass shootings involving Glock pistols")
- [Mass shootings involving revolvers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mass_shootings_involving_revolvers "Category:Mass shootings involving revolvers")
- [Massacres in 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_2016 "Category:Massacres in 2016")
- [Massacres in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Massacres_in_the_United_States "Category:Massacres in the United States")
- [Presidency of Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidency_of_Barack_Obama "Category:Presidency of Barack Obama")
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Pulse nightclub shooting
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| Readable Markdown | | Pulse nightclub shooting | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orange_Avenue_closed_during_Pulse_shooting_\(cropped2\).jpg)The scene of the shooting | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Map/17/28.519583333333/-81.376805555556/en) | |
| Location | [28°31âČ10.5âłN 81°22âČ36.5âłWï»ż / ï»ż28\.519583°N 81.376806°W](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pulse_nightclub_shooting¶ms=28_31_10.5_N_81_22_36.5_W_region:US-FL_type:event) Pulse nightclub 1912 S. Orange Avenue [Orlando, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"), U.S. |
| Date | June 12, 2016; 9 years ago 02:02 a.m. â 05:14 a.m. ([EDT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone "Eastern Time Zone"); [UTCâ04:00](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00 "UTCâ04:00")) |
| Target | Patrons of [Pulse nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_\(nightclub\) "Pulse (nightclub)") (targeted as people of the United States and perceived [allies of Russia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war"))[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USIS-1)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3) |
| Attack type | [Mass shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shooting "Mass shooting") [mass murder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_murder "Mass murder") [hostage-taking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostage-taking "Hostage-taking") [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States") [shootout](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shootout "Shootout") |
| Weapons | [5\.56 NATO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5.56_NATO "5.56 NATO") [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_Sauer_MCX "SIG Sauer MCX") [semi-automatic rifle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle "Semi-automatic rifle") [9mm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9x19_Parabellum "9x19 Parabellum") [Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock#Glock_17 "Glock") [semi-automatic pistol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol "Semi-automatic pistol") [.38 Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_Special ".38 Special") [Smith & Wesson revolver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson "Smith & Wesson") (unused) |
| Deaths | 50 (including the perpetrator) |
| Injured | 58 (53 by gunfire)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) |
| Perpetrator | [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen") |
| Motive | Attempt to demand an end to U.S. airstrikes that were [killing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State#Civilians "War against the Islamic State") women, children, and "a lot of innocent people" (in [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war") and [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)"))[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USIS-1) and retaliation for [U.S. killing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killing#Use_by_United_States_government "Targeted killing") of [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb#Orlando_nightclub_shooting "Abu Waheeb").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-headline_ISIL-5) |
| Charges | **Perpetrator's wife** [Aiding and abetting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiding_and_abetting "Aiding and abetting") the commission of a [terrorist act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") [Obstruction of justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice "Obstruction of justice") |
| Verdict | **Perpetrator's wife** [Not guilty on both charges](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquittal "Acquittal") |
On June 12, 2016, 29-year-old [Omar Mateen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen "Omar Mateen") shot and killed 49 people and wounded 58 more in a [mass shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shooting "Mass shooting") at [Pulse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_\(nightclub\) "Pulse (nightclub)"), a [gay nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bar "Gay bar") in [Orlando, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"), United States. Pulse was hosting a "Latin Night", and most of the victims were of [Latino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") descent.
In a [911](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/911_\(emergency_telephone_number\) "911 (emergency telephone number)") call made shortly after the shooting began, Mateen [swore allegiance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%27ah "Bay'ah") to the leader of [ISIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State"), [Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"), and said the U.S. killing of [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") in Iraq the previous month "triggered" the shooting.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Fitzsimons_NBC-6) He later told a negotiator he was "out here right now" because of the American-led interventions [in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%93present\) "American-led intervention in Iraq (2014âpresent)") and [in Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria "American-led intervention in Syria") and that the negotiator should tell the United States to stop the bombing. The incident was deemed a [terrorist attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_attack "Terrorist attack") by [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") investigators.
[Orlando Police officers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Police_Department "Orlando Police Department") fatally shot Mateen after a three-hour standoff. The shooting was the deadliest [terrorist attack in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States") since the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks"), and the [deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States#Deadliest_mass_shootings_since_1949 "Mass shootings in the United States") until the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting").
### First shots and hostage situation
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: First shots and hostage situation")\]
On June 11, 2016, Pulse, a [gay nightclub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bar "Gay bar") in Orlando, Florida, was hosting "Latin Night", a weekly Saturday night event drawing a primarily [Latino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") crowd.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-:0-7)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-8) *[RuPaulâs Drag Race](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuPaul%E2%80%99s_Drag_Race "RuPaulâs Drag Race")* contestant and drag queen [Kenya Michaels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Michaels "Kenya Michaels") is recorded to have been performing right as the shooting began (Michaels survived the shooting).[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-9) About 320 people were still inside the club, which was serving [last call](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_call_\(bar_term\) "Last call (bar term)") drinks at around 2:00 a.m. EDT on June 12.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-SantoraLastCall-11) At around the same time, Omar Mateen arrived at the club via rental van, parking it in the parking lot of a neighboring car shop.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-timeline_tampabay-12) He got out and walked toward the building armed with a [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_Sauer_MCX "SIG Sauer MCX")[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911CallSignificance-13) semi-automatic rifle and a [9mm Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock_17 "Glock 17") semi-automatic pistol.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NPR_AR15-14)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NRB_AR15-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Time_AR15-16)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-JansenUSAToday-17) He was wearing a green, blue, and white plaid dress shirt, a white T-shirt underneath, and tan cargo pants.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) At 2:02 a.m., Mateen bypassed Officer Adam Gruler, a uniformed off-duty [Orlando Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Police_Department "Orlando Police Department") (OPD) officer working extra duty[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TMZVideo-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews1-19) as a security guard, entered the building through its southern entrance, and began shooting patrons.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-SantoraLastCall-11)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20) Dozens were killed or severely injured inside the crowded nightclub, either directly or by ricochets.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)
Gruler took cover and called in a signal for assistance. He told a post-incident Police Foundation assessment team that he had immediately recognized that his handgun would be severely disadvantaged against the rifle Mateen was using.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) When he witnessed Mateen shooting two patrons attempting to escape through an emergency exit, Gruler fired shots at him.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NBC.Shooting-22) In response, Mateen withdrew back into the nightclub and continued shooting victims as he traversed through the building, sometimes firing into bodies without checking whether they were already dead.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4) When additional officers arrived at the nightclub beginning at 2:04 a.m., Gruler shouted "\[The gunman\]'s in the patio!" and resumed firing at Mateen a minute later.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews1-19)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Orlando_Sentinel_Timeline-23) Two officers joined Gruler in engaging Mateen, who then retreated farther into the nightclub and "began a 'hostage situation'" in one of the bathrooms.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-24)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) In less than five minutes, Mateen had fired approximately 200 rounds, pausing only to reload.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)
During the shooting, some of the people trapped inside the club sought help by calling or sending [text messages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messages "Text messages") to friends and relatives. Initially, some of them thought the gunshots were firecrackers or part of the music.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYT.Visual-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AlvarezAnguish-27)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleLawlerAlexander-28) Imran Yousuf, a recently discharged [Marine Corps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps "United States Marine Corps") veteran working as a nightclub bouncer, immediately recognized the sounds as gunfire, which he described as "high caliber." Yousuf then noticed a locked back door near where a group of people were hiding, all too paralyzed by fear to move to open it. He then ran to and unlatched the door behind them, allowing approximately 70 people to escape unharmed.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-29)[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-30) Many described a scene of panic and confusion caused by the loud music and darkness. One person shielded herself by hiding inside a bathroom and covering herself with bodies. A bartender said she took cover beneath the glass bar. At least one patron tried to help those who were hit.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31) According to a man trapped inside a bathroom with fifteen other patrons, Mateen fired sixteen times into the bathroom, through the closed door, killing at least two and wounding several others.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-32)
According to one of the hostages, Mateen entered a bathroom in the nightclub's northwest side and opened fire on the people hiding there, wounding several. The hostage, who had taken cover inside a stall with others, was injured by two bullets and struck with flying pieces of a wall hit by stray bullets. Shortly after entering the women's restroom, Mateen's rifle jammed. He then discarded the rifle and switched to his Glock 17 pistol.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GMA.Recounts-34)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews2-35) Two survivors quoted Mateen as saying, "I don't have a problem with black people,"[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-36)[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-37) and that he "wouldn't stop his assault until America stopped bombing his country."[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-38) Other survivors heard Mateen claim he had explosives as well as snipers stationed around the club.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-39)
Patrons trapped inside called or texted 911 to warn of the possible presence of explosives.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)
Over the next 45 minutes, about 100 officers from the OPD and the [Orange County Sheriff's Office](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Sheriff%27s_Office_\(Florida\) "Orange County Sheriff's Office (Florida)") were dispatched to the scene.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) Among the earliest [first responders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_responder "First responder") to arrive were a firefighter crew from Fire Station 5 and two supporting firefighter paramedics from Fire Station 7. Eighty fire and [emergency medical services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_services "Emergency medical services") personnel from the Orlando Fire Department were deployed during the entire incident.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-41) At 2:09 a.m., several minutes after the gunfire began, the club posted on its [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") page, "Everyone get out of pulse \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] and keep running."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42) At 2:22 a.m., Mateen placed a [911](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/911_\(emergency_telephone_number\) "911 (emergency telephone number)") call, during which he mentioned the [Boston Marathon bombers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing "Boston Marathon bombing")â[Tamerlan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev "Tamerlan Tsarnaev") and [Dzhokhar Tsarnaev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev")âas his "homeboys" and made a reference to [Moner Mohammad Abu Salha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moner_Mohammad_Abu_Salha "Moner Mohammad Abu Salha"), an American citizen who died in a suicide bombing in Syria in 2014.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Barrett-WSJ-43)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-wburFBI-44) Mateen said he was inspired by Abu Salha's death for the [Al-Nusra Front](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front "Al-Nusra Front") targeting [Syrian government troops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces "Syrian Arab Armed Forces") (a mutual enemy of the two Salafist groups, despite their history of violence with each other), and [swore allegiance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%27ah "Bay'ah")[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-45) to ISIS leader al-Baghdadi.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-businessinsidercomey-46) The FBI said that Mateen and Abu Salha had attended the same mosque and knew each other "casually."[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-47) Mateen made two other 911 calls during the shooting.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-wburFBI-44) Numerous 911 calls were made by the patrons inside the nightclub around this time.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911_Calls_by_Pulse_Patrons-48)
After the initial rounds of gunfire between Mateen and Gruler, six officers shot out a large glass window and followed the sound of shooting to the bathroom area. When Mateen stuck his head out from one of the bathrooms, at least two officers shot at him. After the gunfire stopped, they were ordered to hold position instead of storming the bathroom, according to one of the officers.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HausMcCrum-49) After about 15 to 20 minutes, [SWAT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAT "SWAT") arrived and had the officers withdraw as the officers were "not really in tactical gear." SWAT then took over the operation.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HausMcCrum-49) When asked why the officers did not proceed to the bathroom and engage Mateen, Orlando Police Chief [John Mina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mina "John Mina") said it was because Mateen "went from an active shooter to a barricaded gunman" and had hostages. He also noted, "If he had continued shooting, our officers would have went in there."[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33) At that time, the last shot by Mateen was fired between 2:10 a.m. and 2:18 a.m.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50)
Rescues of people trapped inside the nightclub commenced and continued throughout the night. Because so many people were lying on the dance floor, one rescuing officer demanded, "If you're alive, raise your hand."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21) By 2:35 a.m., police had managed to extract nearly all of the injured from the nightclub. Those who remained included the hostages held by Mateen in the bathroom, as well as a dozen people who were hiding inside dressing rooms.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)
### Phone calls and negotiations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Phone calls and negotiations")\]
At 2:45 a.m., Mateen called [News 13](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_13 "News 13") of Orlando and said, "I'm the shooter. It's me. I am the shooter." He then said he was carrying out the shooting on the behalf of ISIS and began speaking rapidly in Arabic.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-53) Mateen also said the shooting was "triggered" by a U.S.-led bombing strike in Iraq that killed [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb"), an IS military commander, on May 6.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)
When speaking to the negotiator he first told them that he pledged allegiance to the Islamic State and then said:
> "you have to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq. They are killing a lot of innocent people. What am I to do here when my people are getting killed over there?"[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_via-54)
In response to their earlier questions he repeatedly demanded that the U.S. stop the bombings in Iraq and Syria, "...You have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing. They are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?"[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55) His anger was directed at Russia as well as the United States.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)
When the negotiator asked about the immediate situation in Orlando, "Tell me what's going on right now, Omar?" Mateen again redirected the conversation to the ongoing situation in the Middle East, "Yo, the air strike that killed Abu Wahid a few weeks ago... That's what triggered it, okay?"[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2) Multiple reports named [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") â usually named as "Abu Wahid" â and described him as an ISIS leader, formerly belonging to [al Qaeda in Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda_in_Iraq "Al Qaeda in Iraq").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55) Abu Wahid was killed in airstrike on a vehicle on 6 May 2016 in [Rutba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutba "Rutba"), the strike also killed 3 other people, whom the pentagon claimed were also "ISIL jihadists".[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-56)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-57)
Only transcripts were released; the audio was withheld.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-58) The [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") initially released partial transcripts that omitted some details, they claimed that this was because they wanted to avoid providing a public platform for "hateful propaganda".[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59) The press release did not specify that the entities that the propaganda message was directed against were the [U.S. Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_Force "U.S. Air Force") and [Russian Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force "Russian Air Force").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3) Earlier versions specifically omitted the name of ISIS leader [Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi "Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi"), and said "(speaking in another language)" in place of the [Basmala](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basmala "Basmala"): "In the name of God the Merciful, the beneficent", but these were included in a later update.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hateful_propaganda-59)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-60)
A [crisis negotiator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_negotiator "Crisis negotiator") was present as Mateen was held up inside and holding hostages.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Reuters-62) Officers initially believed he was armed with a "suspicious device" that posed a threat, but it was later revealed to be a battery that fell out of an exit sign or smoke detector.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-63)
Police hostage negotiators spoke with Mateen by telephone three times between 2:48 a.m. and 3:27 a.m.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) He claimed during one of the calls that he had bombs strapped to his body.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) He also claimed that he "had a vehicle in the parking lot with enough explosives to take out city blocks."[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21) At 3:58 a.m., the OPD publicly announced the shooting and confirmed multiple injuries.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) At 4:21 a.m., eight of the hostages escaped after police had removed an air conditioning unit from an exterior wall.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) At approximately 4:29 a.m., Mateen told negotiators that he planned to strap explosive vests, similar to those used in the [November 2015 Paris attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks "November 2015 Paris attacks"), to four hostages, strategically place them in different corners of the building, and detonate them in 15 minutes.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61) OPD officers then decided to end negotiations and prepared to blow their way in.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYT.Visual-26)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WFTV_ABC-61)
At around 2:30 a.m., Mateen's wifeâafter receiving a call from her mother at approximately 2:00 a.m. asking where her husband wasâsent a text message to Mateen asking where he was. Mateen texted back asking her if she had seen the news. After she replied, "No?," Mateen responded, "I love you, babe." According to one source, she texted him back at one point saying that she loved him. She also called him several times during the standoff, but he did not answer. She found out about what was happening at 4:00 a.m. after the police told her to come out of her house with her hands up.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-65)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-66)
A survivor of the shooting recalled Mateen saying he wanted the United States to "stop bombing his country."[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-67)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-68) The FBI said Mateen "told a negotiator to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq and that was why he was 'out here right now.'"[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) During the siege, Mateen made Internet searches on the shooting, while police dispatched a tactical robot to discreetly enter the restroom and allow them to communicate with hostages via two-way audio.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)
### Rescue and resolution
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Rescue and resolution")\]
Orange County Sheriff's Office body-camera footage, showing police responding to the massacre.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20160612PulseNightclubExteriorHoles.JPG)
Pulse nightclub exterior, with holes made by the [BearCat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenco_BearCat "Lenco BearCat") and bullet holes
The FBI reported that no shots were heard between the time Mateen stopped exchanging gunfire with the first responders and 5:02 a.m., when Orlando police began breaching the building's wall.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) Just before the breach, Mateen entered a women's bathroom where the hostages were hiding and opened fire, killing a man who sacrificed his life to save the woman behind him and at least one other, according to witnesses.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WPPoliceResponse-33)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GMA.Recounts-34)
At 5:05 a.m., the police said a [bomb squad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_squad "Bomb squad") had set off a [controlled explosion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_explosion "Controlled explosion").[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USAToday-69) At 5:07 a.m., fourteen SWAT officersâafter failing to blow open a big enough hole in the bathroom's exterior wall using a bomb due to the wall's structure[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)âsuccessfully breached the building when a policeman drove a [BearCat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BearCat "BearCat") armored vehicle through a wall in the northern bathroom. They then used two [flashbangs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stun_grenade "Stun grenade") to distract Mateen, and shot at him.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70)[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-71) The breach drew Mateen out into the hallway, and at 5:14 a.m., he engaged the officers. He was shot eight times and killed in the resulting shootout, which involved at least eleven officers who fired about 150 bullets.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BBC_summary-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-74) He was reported "down" at 5:17 a.m.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Autopsy-70) His autopsy report revealed that he was not drunk during the shooting, and he was hit once in the head, three times in the torso, and four times in the legs.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-75)
At 5:53 a.m., the Orlando police posted on [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter "Twitter"), "Pulse Shooting: The shooter inside the club is dead."[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNN.Timeline-25) Thirty hostages were freed during the police operation.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MozingoPearceWilkinson-20)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-guardian1-76) The survivors were searched by police for guns and explosives.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Strap-40)
Forty-nine people died in the incident, plus Mateen, and another 58 were injured, 53 by gunfire and five by other causes. Some survivors were critically injured.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-policefoundation20171217-4)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-77)
Thirty-nine, including Mateen, were pronounced dead at the scene, and eleven at local hospitals.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline-42) Of the thirty-eight victims to die at the scene, twenty died on the stage area and dance floor, nine in the nightclub's northern bathroom, four in the southern bathroom, three on the stage, one at the front lobby, and one out on a patio.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abcnews2-35) At least five of the dead were not killed during the initial volley of gunfire by Mateen, but during the hostage situation in the bathroom.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-washingtonpost1-51)
Pulse was hosting a Latin Night; over 90% of the victims were of [Hispanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans "Hispanic and Latino Americans") background, and half of those were of [Puerto Rican descent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_the_United_States "Puerto Ricans in the United States").[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-79) Four [Dominican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican_Republic "Dominican Republic") and three [Mexican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico "Mexico") nationals were also among the dead.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-80)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-81) An off-duty [United States Army Reserve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Reserve "United States Army Reserve") captain at the club who was not in uniform was also killed.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-83)
The attack was the deadliest mass shooting by a single shooter in United States history, until the [2017 Las Vegas shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Las_Vegas_shooting "2017 Las Vegas shooting")[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-85)[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-86)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-87)[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-88) It is also the deadliest incident of violence against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in the history of the United Statesâsurpassing the 1973 [UpStairs Lounge arson attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UpStairs_Lounge_arson_attack "UpStairs Lounge arson attack")[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-89)âand the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States since the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks") in 2001.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnn-31)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-90)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-91)
The names and ages of the victims killed were confirmed by the City of Orlando after their [next of kin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_of_kin "Next of kin") had been notified:[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-92)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-93)
- Stanley Almodovar III, 23
- Amanda Alvear, 25
- Oscar A. Aracena-Montero, 26
- Rodolfo Ayala-Ayala, 33
- Alejandro Barrios Martinez, 21
- Martin Benitez Torres, 33
- Antonio D. Brown, 30
- Darryl R. Burt II, 29
- Jonathan A. Camuy Vega, 24
- Angel L. Candelario-Padro, 28
- Simon A. Carrillo Fernandez, 31
- Juan Chavez-Martinez, 25
- Luis D. Conde, 39
- Cory J. Connell, 21
- Tevin E. Crosby, 25
- Franky J. Dejesus Velazquez, 50
- Deonka D. Drayton, 32
- Mercedez M. Flores, 26
- Peter O. Gonzalez-Cruz, 22
- Juan R. Guerrero, 22
- Paul T. Henry, 41
- Frank Hernandez, 27
- Miguel A. Honorato, 30
- Javier Jorge-Reyes, 40
- Jason B. Josaphat, 19
- Eddie J. Justice, 30
- Anthony L. Laureano Disla, 25
- Christopher A. Leinonen, 32
- Brenda L. Marquez McCool, 49
- Jean C. Mendez Perez, 35
- Akyra Monet Murray, 18
- Kimberly Morris, 37
- Jean C. Nieves Rodriguez, 27
- Luis O. Ocasio-Capo, 20
- Geraldo A. Ortiz-Jimenez, 25
- Eric Ivan Ortiz-Rivera, 36
- Joel Rayon Paniagua, 32
- Enrique L. Rios Jr., 25
- Juan P. Rivera Velazquez, 37
- Yilmary Rodriguez Solivan, 24
- Christopher J. Sanfeliz, 24
- Xavier Emmanuel Serrano Rosado, 35
- Gilberto Ramon Silva Menendez, 25
- Edward Sotomayor Jr., 34
- Shane E. Tomlinson, 33
- Leroy Valentin Fernandez, 25
- Luis S. Vielma, 22
- Luis Daniel Wilson-Leon, 37
- Jerald A. Wright, 31
Autopsies of the 49 dead were completed by the Orange County Medical Examiner's Office by June 14,[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AutopsiesDischarged-94) and their results were released in early August. According to the autopsy reports, many of the victims were shot multiple times in the front or side, and from a short distance. More than a third were shot in the head, and most had multiple bullet wounds and were likely shot more than 3 ft (0.91 m) away. In total, there were over 200 gunshot wounds.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-95)[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-96)[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-97)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-98)
Many of the injured underwent surgery.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-99) Most of themâ44 peopleâwere taken to the [Orlando Regional Medical Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Regional_Medical_Center "Orlando Regional Medical Center") (ORMC), the primary regional [trauma center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma_center "Trauma center") three blocks away; twelve others went to [Florida Hospital Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdventHealth_Orlando "AdventHealth Orlando").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AutopsiesDischarged-94)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTInitial-100)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-101) Nine of ORMC's patients died there, and by June 14, 27 remained hospitalized, with six in critical condition.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Discharged-102) ORMC performed 76 surgeries on 35 patients.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-103) The last of the injured was discharged from ORMC on September 6, nearly three months after the shooting.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Discharged-102)
Three [Colombians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombians "Colombians") and two [Canadians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadians "Canadians") were among the injured.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-104)[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-105) Additionally, a responding SWAT officer received a minor head injury when a bullet hit his [Kevlar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevlar "Kevlar") helmet.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-106)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Omar_Mateen.jpg)
[Driver's license](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license "Driver's license") photo of Mateen
The gunman was identified as 29-year-old Omar Mateen,[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shooter-107) an American born in [New Hyde Park, New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hyde_Park,_New_York "New Hyde Park, New York").[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-LotanBrinkmannStutzman-108)[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-109) His parents were [Afghans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghans "Afghans"), and he was raised Muslim.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Early-110) At the time of the shooting, he lived in an apartment complex in [Fort Pierce, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pierce,_Florida "Fort Pierce, Florida"), 117 mi (188 km) from the Pulse nightclub in Orlando.[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-111)[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cbslocal-112)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TCPalm-113)
Mateen's body was buried in the Muslim Cemetery of South Florida, near [Hialeah Gardens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hialeah_Gardens,_Florida "Hialeah Gardens, Florida").[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-114)
From October 2006 until April 2007, Mateen trained to be a [prison guard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_guard "Prison guard") for the [Florida Department of Corrections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Corrections "Florida Department of Corrections"). As a probationary employee, he received an "administrative termination (not involving misconduct)"[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Swisher-115) upon a warden's recommendation after Mateen joked about bringing a gun to school.[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-corrections-116) Mateen unsuccessfully pursued a career in [law enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement "Law enforcement"), failing to become a [Florida state trooper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Highway_Patrol "Florida Highway Patrol") in 2011 and to gain admission to a [police academy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_academy "Police academy") in 2015.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Swisher-115) According to a police academy classmate, Mateen threatened to shoot his classmates at a cookout in 2007 "after his hamburger touched pork" in violation of [Islamic dietary laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws "Islamic dietary laws").[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-117)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-118)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-119)[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-120) Other witnesses said that they saw Mateen drink alcohol and even "get drunk."[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-121)[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-122)
Since 2007, he had been a security guard for [G4S Secure Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4S_Secure_Solutions "G4S Secure Solutions").[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TBTWhatWeKnow-123)[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-124) The company said two screeningsâone conducted upon hiring and the other in 2013âhad raised no red flags.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-125) Mateen held an active statewide [firearms license](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearms_license "Firearms license") and an active security officer license,[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-ABCWhatWeKknow-126)[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-127) had passed a [psychological test](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_test "Psychological test"), and had no criminal record.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-128)
After the shooting, the psychologist who reportedly evaluated and cleared Mateen for his firearms license in 2007 by G4S records denied ever meeting him or having lived in Florida at the time, and said she had stopped her practice in Florida since January 2006. G4S admitted Mateen's form had a "clerical error" and clarified that he had instead been cleared by another psychologist from the same firm that bought the wrongly named doctor's practice. This doctor had not interviewed Mateen, but evaluated the results of a standard test used in the screening he undertook before being hired.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-129) G4S was subsequently fined for lapses in its psychological testing program (see [below](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Aftermath)).\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
In 2009, Mateen married his first wife, who left him after a few months; the couple's divorce became final in 2011. Following the nightclub attack, she said Mateen was "mentally unstable and mentally ill" and "obviously disturbed, deeply, and traumatized," was often [physically abusive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_violence "Domestic violence"), and had a history of using [steroids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabolic_steroids "Anabolic steroids").[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYPost-130)[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-131)[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-132)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-133) His autopsy revealed signs of long-term and habitual steroid use, so more toxicology tests were ordered for confirmation.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-MateenAutopsy-134) As of July 15, 2016, federal investigators were uncertain whether Mateen's steroid use was a factor in the attack.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-135)
At the time of the shooting, Mateen was married to his second wife and had a young son.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-136)
In September 2016, an imam for a mosque in [Kissimmee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissimmee,_Florida "Kissimmee, Florida") released video footage showing what appeared to be Mateen on June 8, four days before the shooting, praying for about ten minutes. The imam said Mateen was praying there with his wife and child, and had no verbal exchanges with any of the other attendants. Though the FBI was already in possession of the mosque's security recordings, the video footage was released to the public only after a [series of bombings or bombing attempts in New York and New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_New_York_and_New_Jersey_bombings "2016 New York and New Jersey bombings"), and a [mass stabbing at a Minnesota shopping mall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_St._Cloud,_Minnesota_knife_attack "2016 St. Cloud, Minnesota knife attack") in September 2016.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-137)
In the hours before the shooting, Mateen used several [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") accounts to write posts vowing vengeance for American airstrikes in Iraq and Syria and to search for content related to terrorism. These posts, since deleted, were recovered and included in an [open letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_letter "Open letter")[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-138) by Senate Homeland Security Chairman [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson") to Facebook CEO [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") seeking further information about Mateen's use of the site.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-139)[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-140)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-141)
During the shooting, Mateen made a 911 call claiming it was an act of retaliation for the airstrike killing of, among others, IS militant [Abu Waheeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Waheeb "Abu Waheeb") in the previous month. He told the negotiator to tell America to stop the bombing.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-142)
Despite numerous anonymous and named reports of [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_people "LGBTQ people") connections,[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-143)[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-144)[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-classmate-145)[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Sandoval13June-146)[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-147) the FBI was unable to verify any claims that Mateen was homosexual or frequented gay bars.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148) The FBI investigation found the witnesses claiming Mateen's [homosexuality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality "Homosexuality") were mistaken or refused to go on the record, and doubts that Mateen was gay.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-149)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BullChris-150) Law enforcement sources said the FBI found no photographs, text messages, smartphone apps, pornography, or cell tower location data to suggest Mateen lived a gay life, [closeted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closeted "Closeted") or otherwise.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148)[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBI_OM_not_gay-151)
On the day of the shooting, Mateen's father, Mir Seddique Mateen, said that he had seen his son get angry after seeing a gay couple kiss in front of his family at the [Bayside Marketplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayside_Marketplace "Bayside Marketplace") in Miami months prior to the shooting, which he suggested might have been a motivating factor.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NBC.Shooting-22)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-152)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-153) Two days later, after his son's sexual orientation became a subject of speculation, Mateen's father said he did not believe his son was homosexual.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-154) Mateen's ex-wife, however, claimed that his father called him gay while in her presence. Speaking on her behalf, her current fiancé said that she, his family, and others believed he was gay, and that "the FBI asked her not to tell this to the American media."[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYPost-130)
During his wife's trial in March 2018, her defense revealed in a motion that Mateen had Googled "downtown Orlando nightclubs" and, after passing [Disney Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Springs "Disney Springs"), traveled between Pulse and the Eve Orlando Nightclub before choosing to target Pulse. Cell phone records indicate that the final selection of the Pulse appears to have been made based on the lack of security â not because it was a gay club.[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-155) Trial witnesses said the decision to target Pulse was made at the last minute,[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-156) and the defense's motion argued that this "strongly suggests that the attack on Pulse was not a result of a prior plan to attack a gay nightclub."[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald2018-157)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Washington_DC_Vigil_for_Orlando_\(27623767946\).jpg)
Vigil in [Washington, D.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C."), June 13, 2016
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stonewall_Inn_with_Orlando_nightclub_shooting_memorial_during_Pride_2016_\(50126p\).jpg)
A memorial to victims of the shooting in front the [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn"), just after it was [designated a National Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_National_Monument "Stonewall National Monument")
[Security-camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed-circuit_television "Closed-circuit television") video footage was recovered from the nightclub as part of the investigation,[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-158) with a censored version later publicly released during the trial of Mateen's wife.[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-159) Facebook activated its "[Safety Check](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check "Facebook Safety Check")" feature in the Orlando area following the shooting, allowing users to mark themselves as "safe" to notify family and friendsâthe first use of the feature in the United States.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shapiro-160)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Boggs-161)
Following the shooting, many business venues in the United States, such as shopping malls, movie theaters, bars, and concert halls, reexamined their security procedures.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HalzackHuiO'Connell-162)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-163) Also, police forces across the country announced plans to increase security at LGBTQ landmarks such as the [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn") and at [Pride Month](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_Month "Pride Month") events including [pride parades](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride_parade "Pride parade").[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-164)
Seddique Mateen released a [Dari language](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dari_language "Dari language") video statement via Facebook on June 13 to speak about his son's actions.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-165)[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-166)
On the day of the attack, IS had released a statement via [Amaq News Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaq_News_Agency "Amaq News Agency"), taking responsibility for the attack.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-167) On June 13, a broadcast from the Iraqi IS radio station [al-Bayan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bayan_\(radio_station\) "Al-Bayan (radio station)") said Mateen was "one of the soldiers of the caliphate in America," without indicating any foreknowledge of the shooting.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)
On September 10, the [Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_and_Consumer_Services "Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services") fined [G4S Secure Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G4S_Secure_Solutions "G4S Secure Solutions") \$151,400 for providing inaccurate psychological testing information on more than 1,500 forms over a ten-year period, which allowed employees to carry firearms. Mateen's form was among those investigated.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-169)
On November 4, it was reported that the Orlando Police Department was upgrading its equipment for officers following the shooting, since officers at the nightclub were not well-equipped for the event and therefore endangered. The upgraded equipment included ballistic helmets and heavier ballistic vests.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-170)
Following the shooting and a [vehicle-ramming attack and mass stabbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_University_attack "Ohio State University attack") at [Ohio State University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_State_University "Ohio State University") in [Columbus, Ohio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio "Columbus, Ohio"), a new federal initiative was launched, partially in response to at least one victim bleeding to death inside Pulse during the shooting. The initiative was designed to train people working at schools and other public places on how to treat injuries before paramedics arrive at the scene. Doctors have emphasized the importance for school faculty members to stay calm and assess injuries, but also discouraged the use of more invasive emergency procedures such as removing a bullet.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-171)
### Victim assistance efforts
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Victim assistance efforts")\]
The FBI's Office of Victim Assistance (OVA) provided "information, assistance services, and resources" to the victims and witnesses of the shooting that, depending on their case-by-case eligibility, may have consisted of "special funding to provide emergency assistance, crime victim compensation, and counseling."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-G-MenAgency-172) The OVA, through its Victim Assistance Rapid Deployment Team and Crisis Response Canines, also provided help to responders of the shooting in the days following June 12.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-173)
Immediately after the shooting, many people lined up to [donate blood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donate_blood "Donate blood") at local [blood donation centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blood_donation_agencies_in_the_United_States "List of blood donation agencies in the United States") and [bloodmobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodmobile "Bloodmobile") locations when OneBlood, a regional blood donation agency, urged people to donate.[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-174)[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-175) The surge in blood donations and the fact that the shooting occurred in a gay nightclub spotlighted the [Food and Drug Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration "Food and Drug Administration")'s [controversial federal policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men_blood_donor_controversy "Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy") that forbids [men who had sex with men](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men_who_have_sex_with_men "Men who have sex with men") in the past year from donating blood. Despite expressions of frustration and disapproval by a number of gay and bisexual men, and LGBTQ activists across the country and a group of [Democratic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") lawmakers[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-176) urging the ban to be lifted, the FDA stated on June 14 that it had no plans to change the regulation and will reevaluate its policies "as new scientific information becomes available."[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-177)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-178)[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-179)
A victims' assistance center, Orlando Family Assistance Center, was opened on June 15 inside [Camping World Stadium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camping_World_Stadium "Camping World Stadium") by the City of Orlando.[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-180)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-181) During the eight days it was open, it provided help to 956 people from 298 families. Those remaining were then directed to the newly opened Orlando United Assistance Center jointly set up by the City and [Orange County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida "Orange County, Florida"), which, according to the mayor of Orlando, "will stay open as long as there is a need."[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-182)[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-183)
The two hospitals that treated Pulse victims, Orlando Regional Medical Center and Florida Hospital, announced in late August that they will not be billing the survivors or pursuing reimbursement.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-184)[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-185)
The City of Orlando offered free plots and funeral services at the city-owned [Greenwood Cemetery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood_Cemetery_\(Orlando,_Florida\) "Greenwood Cemetery (Orlando, Florida)") for those killed in the shooting.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-186)[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-187)[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-188)
### Fundraising campaigns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Fundraising campaigns")\]
[Equality Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Florida "Equality Florida"), the state's largest [LGBTQ rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Florida "LGBTQ rights in Florida") group, started a fundraising page to aid the victims and their families, raising \$767,000 in the first nine hours.[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shapiro-160)[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cnnwire-189)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-190) As of September 22, 2016, they have raised over \$7.85 million online, a record for [GoFundMe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoFundMe "GoFundMe"), with over 119,400 donors and an average of about \$66 per donation.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-191)[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Kraft-192)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Wattles-193)
Another fundraising campaign, OneOrlando, was established by Mayor [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer").[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-194) [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") and [NBCUniversal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBCUniversal "NBCUniversal"), which operate the nearby [Walt Disney World Resort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Resort "Walt Disney World Resort") and [Universal Orlando Resort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Orlando_Resort "Universal Orlando Resort"), respectively, each donated \$1 million to the fund.[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-195)[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-196) As of August 12, OneOrlando has raised \$23 million,[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OneOrlandoRules-197) with a draft proposal to start payouts starting September 27 on a rolling basis in which the highest compensations will go to the families of the 49 people killed, followed by the 50 victims who were physically injured and hospitalized for one night or more. OneOrlando's fund administrator said that the draft has not decided whether to pay people who were held hostage but were not injured, and will take public feedback in two 90-minute hearings to be held on August 4. A timeline of the draft proposal was released.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-198)[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-199) On August 11, its board of directors decided that the funds will only be dispersed to "the families of the dead, survivors who were hospitalized, survivors who sought outpatient medical treatment, and those who were present in the club when the shootings began but not physically injured," and that family members and survivors can start filing claims until the September 12 deadline.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OneOrlandoRules-197) As of December 1, OneOrlando paid out over \$27.4 million to 299 recipients, according to officials, with six more claims worth an additional \$2.1 million still being contested among family members of the slain victims.[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-200)
[IDW Publishing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDW_Publishing "IDW Publishing") and [DC Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_Entertainment "DC Entertainment") created [*Love Is Love*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_Is_Love_\(comics\) "Love Is Love (comics)"), a graphic novel sold to raise money for the victims. The novel became a New York Times best seller and more than \$165,000 was raised. Through [Equality Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equality_Florida "Equality Florida"), the proceeds were donated to the OneOrlando Fund.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-201)
### Release of transcripts and videos
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Release of transcripts and videos")\]
A total of 603 calls to 911 were made by victims, family members and friends of victims, bystanders, and rescue workers during the entire shooting.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Flood-202) On June 14, two dozen news agencies sent a four-page letter to Orlando's city attorney jointly demanding the release of recordings that 911 callers made on the night of the shooting. The letter also contained a request for scanner and dispatch recordings. The Orlando police refused to release the recordings, citing an "ongoing investigation."[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-203)[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-204) June 20, the FBI released a transcript of the first call by the shooter and a summary of three calls with police negotiators.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-fbitranscript-64) On July 14, the [University of Central Florida Police Department](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Central_Florida_Police_Department "University of Central Florida Police Department") released nine [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") videos of UCFPD officers who rushed to Pulse to help Orlando police officers during the incident.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-205)
On July 18, the City of Orlando released a detailed 71-page document of OPD officers' accounts and responses to the shooting. Requests to release recordings of 911 calls, police radio transmissions, and the exchanges between law enforcement and Mateen were denied, citing disagreements over whether they fall under local or federal jurisdiction. The status on the authority over the recordings is pending a court ruling.[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-206)[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-207)[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-208) On July 20, the Orange County Sheriff's Office (OCSO) released video footage from a body camera worn by one of its deputies during the incident.[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-209) On July 26, the [Orange County Fire Rescue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County_Fire_Rescue "Orange County Fire Rescue") released a recording of a 911 call made during the shooting.[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-210) On July 29, the OCSO released dozens of pages of documents detailing the deputies' individual accounts of their involvement in the shooting.[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-211)[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSOdocs-212) On August 30, the OCSO released the 911 calls it received during the shooting.[\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSO911ABC-213)[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OCSO911CNN-214) Two days later, OPD and the city of Orlando released nine of their hundreds of 911 calls, which were all made by friends and relatives outside of Pulse during the incident; the rest are locked in a legal dispute between 24 media groups, OPD, and the city of Orlando.[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-215)[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-216)[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-217)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-218)
On September 14, the city of Orlando released 23 additional 911 calls made during the shooting.[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-219)[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-220) These included calls made from rescue workers advising preparedness for dozens of victims,[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Flood-202) a patron who escaped from Pulse with a friend who was shot, and the brother of a woman who was shot several times and trapped inside a bathroom in the nightclub.[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-221) On October 31, the City of Orlando released nearly 30 minutes of recordings of police negotiators talking with Mateen during the course of the shooting, after a judge with the [Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Judicial_Circuit_Court_of_Florida "Ninth Judicial Circuit Court of Florida") ruled that these calls should be made public. A total of 232 other calls are still being withheld by the city.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-222)[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-223)
On November 10, the Orange County Sheriff's office released about two dozen videos of [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") footage of officers at the perimeter of the nightclub during the shooting. The footage, which was heavily censored, depicted officers conducting searches of bathrooms in the nightclub and tending to survivors.[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-224)[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-225)[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-226) On November 14, the City of Orlando released 36 police audio recordings made during the shooting, which record officers' attempts to contact Mateen, their remarks on his "serious, unruffled attitude," and their conversations about how to respond to the hostage situation.[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-227)[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-228) Also released that day was an additional 911 call made by a woman who made it out of the nightclub with her sister, who was shot.[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-229) The next day, on November 15, 21 additional 911 calls were released.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50)[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-230) This was followed by three additional hours of 911 calls released on November 16. In many of these calls, people trapped inside bathrooms, kitchens, and an upstairs office were questioning why police had yet to enter the nightclub.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Question-50) Two days later, on November 18, 107 pages of transcripts of more than 30 911 calls were released. These calls were made during the first ten minutes of the shooting, and had to be released in the form of transcripts after a judge deemed them too graphic to be released as audio recordings. According to a city spokesman, all 911 calls made during the shooting have now been released to the public.[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-231)[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-232)[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-233)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pulse_Nightclub,_March_2017.jpg)
The Pulse building with the memorial fence in March 2017
On September 14, 2016, the City of Orlando announced it would pay \$4,518 to erect a new fence around the Pulse nightclub on September 19. The fence would feature a commemorative screen-wrap with local artwork that would serve as a memorial to the victims and survivors of the shooting.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WKMG.Changes-234)[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-235) It will also be smaller than the nightclub's previous fence, in order to allow for more efficient navigation by passers-by.[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-WKMG.Changes-234)
In November, the City of Orlando announced its plans to purchase the Pulse nightclub later that month for \$2.25 million and turn the site into a memorial for the victims and survivors of the shooting. The announcement was met with praise from Orlando's LGBTQ community.[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-236) The vote was postponed with the city explaining that "more time was needed to plan a future memorial," and that there was some discomfort from city officials over having to pay such an amount of money.[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-237) In December 2016, the owner declined to sell the nightclub to the city due to emotional attachment.[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-238) The owner then created the OnePulse Foundation, and in May 2017, announced plans for a [memorial site and museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_Memorial_and_Museum "Pulse Memorial and Museum") originally slated to open in 2022.[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-239)[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-240) In late October 2023, OnePulse's plans for the Memorial and Museum were permanently suspended.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-241) The City of Orlando approved a purchase of the site to convert the temporary memorial into a permanent one.[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-242) In December 2023, Mayor [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer") announced an approach in which the city will utilize the existing 501c3 and establish the Orlando United Pulse Memorial Fund, in an effort to raise funds for the permanent memorial. The fund will hope to raise from community donations, such as from local businesses, community organizations, and individuals.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-243)
On March 18, 2026, the Pulse building was demolished to make way for a \$12 million permanent memorial, planned to open in 2027.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-244) The Pulse nightclub sign was preserved and put into storage for usage in the future memorial.[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-245)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Obama_receives_an_update_on_Orlando_shooting.jpg)
President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") receives an update in the Oval Office from FBI Director [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey "James Comey") and Homeland Security Advisor [Lisa Monaco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Monaco "Lisa Monaco") on the mass shooting.
Officials have characterized the shooting as an act of terrorism. [FBI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI "FBI") Assistant Special Agent in Charge Ron Hopper[\[245\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-246) called the shooting a hate crime and an act of terrorism;[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-hatecrime-247) and Jerry Demings, a sheriff from the Orange County Sheriff's Office, classified it as [domestic terrorism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_terrorism_in_the_United_States "Domestic terrorism in the United States").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-abc39789552-10) City of Orlando Chief of Police John W. Mina said Mateen seemed organized and well-prepared.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AchenbachHolley-248) On March 13, 2018, the time of [Mateen's wife's trial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#Trial_and_acquittal_of_shooter's_wife) for aiding the attack, the FBI had still declined to classify it as a hate crime, and the prosecution said it had never contemplated arguing Mateen had targeted homosexuals.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-249) They instead only (unsuccessfully) argued she provided material support to a foreign terrorist organization.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-250)
On June 13, [FBI Director](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_Director "FBI Director") [James Comey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey "James Comey") told reporters, "So far, we see no indication that this was a plot directed from outside the United States and we see no indication that he was part of any kind of [network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_cell "Terrorist cell")." He said the [United States Intelligence Community](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community "United States Intelligence Community") was "highly confident that this killer was [radicalized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalized "Radicalized") at least in part through the Internet,"[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shabad-251) and that the investigation had found "strong indications of radicalization by this killer and of potential inspiration by [foreign terrorist organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_terrorist_organizations "Foreign terrorist organizations")."[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-252) Several days after the shooting, the FBI announced on its website that it has become "the lead law enforcement agency responsible for investigating the shooting at Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida, on June 12, 2016."[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-G-MenAgency-172) The agency took the lead after the shooting was classified as a terrorist attack due to Mateen's pledge of allegiance to IS during the event.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)
According to Senator [Ron Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Johnson "Ron Johnson"), Mateen searched online for references to the shooting during the attack, and made posts on [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") expressing his support for [Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State"), saying "You kill innocent women and children by doing us \[*[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")*\] airstrikes. Now taste the Islamic state vengeance."[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-253)
Federal officials said a [SIG Sauer MCX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIG_MCX "SIG MCX") semi-automatic rifle and a 9mm [Glock 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glock_17 "Glock 17") semi-automatic pistol were recovered from Mateen's body, along with additional [rounds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_\(firearms\) "Cartridge (firearms)").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-JansenUSAToday-17)[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-254)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNNMotivate-255) Mateen had legally purchased the two guns used in the shooting from a shop in [Port St. Lucie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_St._Lucie "Port St. Lucie"): the SIG Sauer MCX rifle on June 4 and the Glock 17 pistol on June 5.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-911CallSignificance-13)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-256) He and law enforcement were reported to have fired over 200 rounds.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleLawlerAlexander-28)[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-257)[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-TeleMateenDetails-258) From his car, "hundreds of rounds" were found along with a [.38-caliber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.38_caliber ".38 caliber") [Smith & Wesson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson "Smith & Wesson") [revolver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolver "Revolver"); this gun was not used in the shooting.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CNNMotivate-255)
### Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Previous FBI investigation of Mateen and cooperation with Seddique")\]
Mateen became a [person of interest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person_of_interest "Person of interest") to the FBI in May 2013 and July 2014. The 2013 investigation was opened after he made comments to coworkers about being a member of [Hezbollah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah "Hezbollah") and having family connections in [al-Qaeda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda "Al-Qaeda"),[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-259) and that he had ties to [Nidal Hasan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidal_Hasan "Nidal Hasan")âperpetrator of the [2009 Fort Hood shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Fort_Hood_shooting "2009 Fort Hood shooting")âand [Dzhokhar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzhokhar_Tsarnaev "Dzhokhar Tsarnaev") and [Tamerlan Tsarnaev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamerlan_Tsarnaev "Tamerlan Tsarnaev")âperpetrators of the [Boston Marathon bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Marathon_bombing "Boston Marathon bombing"). According to new documents released on July 18, Mateen said that he made these comments in response to "a lot of harassment" and frequent derogatory epithets made by St. Lucie County Sheriff's deputies and his G4S coworkers, who taunted and made jokes about him being a possible Muslim extremist.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-New2013MateenTaunts-260)[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-YahooNoGoPostal-261) The comments resulted in his employer G4S removing Mateen from his post and the county sheriff reporting him to the FBI.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-YahooNoGoPostal-261)[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-262) The documents also show him saying that he was "1000% American" and writing that he was against any "anti-American" and "anti-humanity" terrorist organizations.[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-New2013MateenTaunts-260)
The 2014 investigation was opened after he was linked to [Moner Mohammad Abu Salha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moner_Mohammad_Abu_Salha "Moner Mohammad Abu Salha"),[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-NYTimes.Early-110) an [American radical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadist_extremism_in_the_United_States "Jihadist extremism in the United States") who committed a [suicide bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_bombing "Suicide bombing") in Syria. Mateen was interviewed three times in connection with the two investigations. Both cases were closed after finding nothing that warranted further investigation.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-ABCWhatWeKknow-126)[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Shabad-251)[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-263) After the shooting, Director Comey said the FBI will review its work and methods used in the two investigations. When asked if anything could have or should have been done differently in regard to Mateen, or the FBI's intelligence and actions in relation to him, Comey replied, "So far, the honest answer is, 'I don't think so.'"[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-264)
A little over a month after the shooting, the FBI provided more details about its May 2013 to March 2014 investigation into Mateen, which was closed after a veteran FBI agent assigned to the case and his supervisor concluded that "there was just nothing there" and removed his name from the Terrorist Watchlist. Mateen was interviewed twice during the investigation, and had provided a written statement in which he confessed that he had previously lied to FBI investigators. During the investigation, the FBI had tracked his daily routine using unmarked vehicles, closely examined his phone records, and used two informants to secretly record his face-to-face conversations. The FBI Director said that they could have taken more initiative in gaining access to his social media accounts in 2013, but noted that back then such checks were not yet "part of \[their\] investigative DNA." However, it would not have mattered, as the analysis of Mateen's computer after the shooting showed that his social media accounts, including Facebook, had no ties to any terrorist groups, and that he did not post any "radical statements" until the early morning of the shooting. The FBI in 2013 also did not have the [probable cause](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probable_cause "Probable cause") needed to obtain a search warrant in order to secretly listen to his phone calls or probe into Mateen's computer.[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-PastFBI2013-265)
On July 26, a Senate homeland security committee chairman sent a four-page letter to the inspector general of the [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") (DOJ) requesting an independent review of the FBI's 2013 and 2014 investigations. He wrote that if Mateen had stayed on the FBI watch-list, the federal agency would have been notified if he tried to purchase firearms, in which case "law enforcement potentially could have uncovered information on social media or elsewhere of Mateen's radicalization."[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GetFBIReviewed-266)
On March 24, 2018, Sara Sweeney, the assistant attorney prosecuting Mateen's wife, Noor Salman, disclosed to her defense after the [discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_\(law\) "Discovery (law)") period that her father-in-law, Seddique Mateen, was an FBI [informant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informant "Informant") at various points between January 2005 and June 2016.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-informant-267) Agent Juvenal Martin, who [handled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handler_\(espionage\) "Handler (espionage)") the elder Mateen since 2006, said he considered making Omar an informant as well, after investigating and clearing him in 2013.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Mistrial-268)[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald-269)
### Searches and possible accomplices
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Searches and possible accomplices")\]
U.S. officials said [Islamic State](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State "Islamic State") (IS) may have inspired Mateen without training, instructing, or having a direct connection with him.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-270)[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-271) Investigators have said no evidence linking Mateen to the group has emerged, and have cautioned that the shooting may have been IS-inspired without being IS-directed,[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-guardian20160612-272) as was the case in the [December 2, 2015, attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_San_Bernardino_attack "2015 San Bernardino attack") in [San Bernardino, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California "San Bernardino, California").[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AlvarezAnguish-27)[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-273) [Yoram Schweitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoram_Schweitzer "Yoram Schweitzer") of the Israeli [Institute for National Security Studies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_National_Security_Studies_\(Israel\) "Institute for National Security Studies (Israel)") suggested that Mateen associated the attack with IS to add to the notoriety of the incident, and said it was very unlikely that IS had known of him before the shooting.[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Stoffel-168)
On June 16, [Director of the Central Intelligence Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency") [John Brennan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_O._Brennan "John O. Brennan") told the Senate Intelligence Committee that his agency was "unable to uncover any link" between Mateen and IS.[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-274)
Following the shooting, officers from multiple federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies (including the FBI, [Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives "Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives"), [Florida Department of Law Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Law_Enforcement "Florida Department of Law Enforcement") (FDLE), [St. Lucie County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Lucie_County "St. Lucie County") Sheriff's Office, and Fort Pierce Police Department) converged on Mateen's home in [Fort Pierce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pierce "Fort Pierce") and another home in [Port St. Lucie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_St._Lucie "Port St. Lucie"). A bomb squad checked Mateen's Fort Pierce home for explosives.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-275) In June 2016, the [House Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee "House Intelligence Committee") said that United States investigators "are searching for details about the [Saudi Arabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia "Saudi Arabia") trips Mateen made in 2011 and 2012."[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-276)[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-277)[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-278)
[Senate Intelligence Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Intelligence_Committee "Senate Intelligence Committee") member [Angus King](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_King "Angus King") said that Mateen's second wife appears to have had "some knowledge of what was going on."[\[278\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-279)[\[279\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-280) Media reports, citing anonymous law enforcement officials, said she was with Mateen as he scouted possible [Orlando-area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Orlando "Greater Orlando") targets (including the Walt Disney World Resort's [Disney Springs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Springs "Disney Springs") and the Pulse nightclub) and that she was also with him when he purchased ammunition and a holster in the months leading up to the attack.[\[280\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-281)[\[281\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-282)[\[282\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-283)
#### Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Trial and acquittal of shooter's wife")\]
Mateen's second wife and widow, Noor Salman, was arrested in January 2017, at her home in [Rodeo, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodeo,_California "Rodeo, California").[\[283\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-284) She was [charged](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_charge "Criminal charge") in federal court in Orlando with [aiding and abetting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiding_and_abetting "Aiding and abetting") as well as [obstruction of justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice "Obstruction of justice").[\[284\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-285) Federal prosecutors accused her of knowing that Mateen was planning an attack.[\[285\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-286) Salman pleaded not guilty to the charges.[\[286\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-287) Salman moved to dismiss the obstruction charge; this motion was denied by U.S. District Judge [Paul G. Byron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_G._Byron "Paul G. Byron").[\[287\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-288)[\[288\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-GoldmanWife-289)
Salman's trial took place in March 2018.[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Roulette-290) During the trial, the prosecution revealed it withheld information during discovery that Salman's confession of helping scout potential attack locations was not true based on cell phone evidence, and that the FBI knew this even though it had been used to deny her [bail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bail "Bail").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Greenwald-269) The defense also sought to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial on [*Brady* disclosure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_disclosure "Brady disclosure") grounds after this disclosure, and after the prosecution disclosed during the trial that Seddique Mateen had been a confidential FBI informant "at various points in time between January 2005 through June 2016."[\[290\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-291) The court denied Salman's motion to dismiss the charges or declare a mistrial.[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Mistrial-268)[\[289\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Roulette-290) On March 30 the jury acquitted Salman of both charges, although the jury foreman said "we were convinced she did know" about Mateen's plans for an attack of some sort in advance.[\[291\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-292)[\[292\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-293)
In July 2016, law enforcement officials reported that the FBIâafter conducting "interviews and an examination of his computer and other electronic media"âhad not found any evidence that Mateen targeted Pulse because the nightclub was a venue for gays or whether the attack was motivated by homophobia. According to witnesses, he did not make any homophobic comments during the shooting. Furthermore, nothing has been found confirming the speculation that he was gay and used gay dating apps; however, the FBI "has found evidence that Mateen was cheating on his wife with other women." Officials noted that "there is nothing to suggest that he attempted to cover up his tracks by deleting files." Generally, "a complete picture of what motivated Mateen remains murky and may never be known since he was killed in a shootout with police and did not leave a manifesto."[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FBINoEvidence-148) The FBI has yet to conclude its investigation As of 2016.\[*[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")*\][\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLEWrapUp-73)[\[293\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-FDLE.FBIStatus-294)
### Evaluations of performance of law enforcement
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse_nightclub_shooting&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Evaluations of performance of law enforcement")\]
Two former SWAT members, one an active-shooter tactics expert and trainer, expressed misgivings about the three-hour delay in breaching the nightclub, citing the lesson learned from other mass shootings that officers can minimize casualties only by entering a shooting location expeditiously, even if it means putting themselves at great risk.[\[294\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-295)
At the request of John Mina, the Orlando chief of police, the [U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice")'s [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Services "Office of Community Oriented Policing Services") (COPS) conducted a third-party "after-action assessment" of the Orlando Police Department's response to the shooting and its overall preparedness.[\[295\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-296)[\[296\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-297) COPS commissioned the [Police Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Foundation "Police Foundation") to prepare the report, which was released in December 2017. The report concluded that the Orlando Police Department response "was appropriate and consistent with national guidelines and best practices" and saved lives.[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298) The report stated: "The initial tactical response was consistent with the OPD's active shooter training and recognized promising practices. However, as the incident became more complex and prolonged, transitioning from a barricaded suspect with hostages to an act of terrorism, the OPD's operational tactics and strategies were challenged by the increasing threat posed by the suspect's claim of improvised explosive devices inside the club and in vehicles surrounding the club."[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298) The report authors noted that they lacked access to FBI reports and other data about the crime scene and shooter, and did not have information about "potential law enforcement friendly fire."[\[297\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Lotan-298)
In April 2017, the *[Orlando Sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel "Orlando Sentinel")* obtained a copy of a 78-page presentation given by Mina to some ten police groups located around the world, which discussed the OPD's response to the attack and what it has learned. The presentation offered a comprehensive timeline of the attack and included diagrams and still photos from [body camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_camera "Body camera") footage showing officers in their initial confrontation with Mateen. According to the presentation, 500 interviews were conducted, 1,600 leads were followed up on, more than 950 pieces of evidence were collected, and more than 300 people were subpoenaed.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-orlandosentinel1-21)
In December 2016, the [Florida Department of Law Enforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Law_Enforcement "Florida Department of Law Enforcement") completed a 35-page "after-action report" about its response to the nightclub during the shooting.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300) The report was publicly released in August 2017 after a public records request made by the *Orlando Sentinel*.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300) The report generally praised the FDLE's handling of the nightclub shootings, but detailed the agency's difficulties in notifying families and complications arising from its inter-agency policies, which led to them not immediately sharing information about the shooting with federal investigators.[\[298\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-HarrisAfterAction-299)[\[299\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-AfterActionSentinel-300)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Francisco_vigil_for_Orlando_-_5.jpg)
[San Francisco City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_City_Hall "San Francisco City Hall") lit in LGBTQ rainbow colors in honor to the victims of the shooting
[Florida Governor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Governor "Florida Governor") [Rick Scott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Scott "Rick Scott") expressed support for all affected and said the state emergency operations center was monitoring the incident.[\[300\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-301) Scott declared a [state of emergency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_emergency "State of emergency") for [Orange County, Florida](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_County,_Florida "Orange County, Florida"),[\[301\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-302) and [Orlando mayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Orlando "Mayor of Orlando") [Buddy Dyer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Dyer "Buddy Dyer") declared a state of emergency for the city.[\[302\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-303)[\[303\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-304) On June 24, Scott directed that 49 state flags be flown for 49 days in front of the [Florida Historic Capitol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_State_Capitol "Florida State Capitol") in Tallahassee, with the name, age, and photo of every victim displayed beneath each flag.[\[304\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-305)
The [Obama administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_personnel "Obama personnel") expressed its condolences to the victims. President [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") ordered that "the federal government provide any assistance necessary to pursue the investigation and support the community."[\[305\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-PressSec-306) In a speech, he described the shooting as an "act of hate" and an "act of terror."[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-cbslocal-112)[\[306\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-307)[\[307\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-308) He also issued a proclamation on June 12 ordering United States flags upon non-private grounds and buildings around the country and abroad to be lowered to [half-staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-staff "Half-staff") until sundown, June 16.[\[308\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-309) He and Vice President [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden") traveled to Orlando on June 16 to lay flowers at a memorial and visit the victims' families.[\[309\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-310)
Many American Muslims, including community leaders, swiftly condemned the shooting.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Gunaratna-311)[\[311\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-CookeAli-312) Prayer vigils for the victims were held at mosques across the country.[\[312\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-313)[\[313\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-314)[\[314\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-315) The Florida mosque where Mateen sometimes prayed issued a statement condemning the attack and offering condolences to the victims.[\[315\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-316) The [Council on AmericanâIslamic Relations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_American%E2%80%93Islamic_Relations "Council on AmericanâIslamic Relations") called the attack "monstrous" and offered its condolences to the victims. CAIR Florida urged Muslims to donate blood even while observing the month of [Ramadan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan "Ramadan")âwhich requires Muslims to fast from dawn to duskâand contribute funds in support of the victims' families.[\[310\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Gunaratna-311)[\[316\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-317) Some Muslim groups called on members to break their Ramadan fast to be able to donate blood.[\[317\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-318)
The [United Nations Security Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council "United Nations Security Council") issued a statement condemning the shooting for "targeting persons as a result of their sexual orientation." (Though the FBI later determined that the attack was not motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate) It was supported by some countries that suppress homosexual behavior and discussion, such as Egypt and Russia.[\[318\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-319) [Samantha Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha_Power "Samantha Power"), United States Ambassador to the UN, led a group of 17 UN ambassadors on a visit to the historic LGBTQ landmark [Stonewall Inn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonewall_Inn "Stonewall Inn") to express their support for LGBTQ rights in response to the shooting.[\[319\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-320) Countries that released their own statements condemning the shooting include Afghanistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, [Qatar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar "Qatar"), Iran, the [United Arab Emirates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates "United Arab Emirates"), [Kuwait](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait "Kuwait"), and Turkey.[\[320\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-321)
Many people on [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") and elsewhere, including [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election") candidates, members of [Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress"), other political figures, foreign leaders, and various celebrities, expressed their shock at the event and extended their condolences to those affected.[\[321\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-322)[\[322\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-323) Vigils were held around the world to mourn those who were killed in the shooting, including one held at the banks of [Lake Eola Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Eola_Park "Lake Eola Park") on June 19 that attracted 50,000 people.[\[323\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-324)[\[324\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-325)[\[325\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-326) Landmarks around the world, including the [One World Trade Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center "One World Trade Center") and the [Sydney Harbour Bridge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Harbour_Bridge "Sydney Harbour Bridge"), lit up in rainbow colors in remembrance of those killed in the shooting.[\[326\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-327)
On June 22, sixty House Democrats [staged a sit-in at the US House of Representatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_sit-in "2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in"), in an attempt to force Speaker [Paul Ryan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan "Paul Ryan"), a Republican Party member, to allow votes on gun control legislation.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-328) On June 23, *[Billboard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_\(magazine\) "Billboard (magazine)")* magazine [published an open letter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard%27s_Open_Letter_on_Gun_Violence "Billboard's Open Letter on Gun Violence") addressed to the [United States Congress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress "United States Congress") demanding that [universal background checks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_background_check "Universal background check") become federal law. The petition carried nearly 200 signatures of famous musicians and music industry executives. [Joan Jett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Jett "Joan Jett"), [Lady Gaga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Gaga "Lady Gaga"), [Selena Gomez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selena_Gomez "Selena Gomez") and many others were prominent signees of the document.[\[328\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-BW-329)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-USAToday-69) The House sit-in was unsuccessful in bringing gun control legislation to a vote.[\[327\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-The_Huffington_Post-328)
The LGBTQ [gun rights](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States "Gun politics in the United States") organization [Pink Pistols](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_Pistols "Pink Pistols"), with 36 chapters around the country, tripled both its membership (from 1,500 to 4,500), and its Facebook followers (to 7,000), in the week or so following the shooting.[\[329\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Pink_Pistols-330) As of June 24, 2016, it counted over 7,000 members.[\[330\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-331)
[Google Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Search "Google Search") added a ribbon to its homepage, with the message "Our hearts are with the victims, their families, and the community of Orlando."[\[331\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-332)
In the aftermath of the 2018 trial, some media outlets re-assessed the reactions, possible motives, and media narrative of the shooting. They said that there was not evidence to say the shooting was motivated by anti-LGBTQ hate.[\[332\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Coaston-333)[\[333\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Jeltsen_HuffPost-334)
OnePulse Foundation, a charity organization created by a Pulse owner on July 7, filed documents with a plan to fund and build a memorial at the nightclub. The foundation collaborated with the city of Orlando to determine the location of the memorial.[\[334\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-335)[\[335\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-336)[\[336\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-337) The non-profit organization also planned to start a fundraising campaign to provide financial help to the surviving victims who were injured and the families of the 49 who were killed.[\[337\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-338) After raising 20 million dollars, the foundation folded without creating the promised memorial.[\[338\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-339)
A rainbow-colored crossing was installed in [Orlando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando,_Florida "Orlando, Florida"),[\[339\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-340) to honor the victims from the Pulse nightclub shooting that occurred on June 12, 2016.[\[340\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-341) An online petition[\[341\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-342) was signed by approximately 2,700 citizens requesting to have it painted nearby the [nightclub museum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_Memorial_and_Museum "Pulse Memorial and Museum").[\[342\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-343) Approved by the [Florida Department of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Transportation "Florida Department of Transportation") (FDOT),[\[343\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-344) the project ended up costing about \$2,900 with the installation beginning on October 10 and completed the next day on October 11, 2017.[\[344\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-345) The artwork was painted over by FDOT on August 21, 2025.[\[345\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-346)[\[346\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-347) Soon afterwards, people colored the sidewalk with chalk as law enforcement watched and warned them to stay out of the street.[\[347\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-348)
The 2025 Florida state budget signed into law by Governor [Ron DeSantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_DeSantis "Ron DeSantis") included \$394,421 for the Pulse National Memorial.[\[348\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-349)
- [2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_sit-in "2016 United States House of Representatives sit-in") â Sit-in protest at United States Capitol
- [Chris Murphy gun control filibuster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Murphy_gun_control_filibuster "Chris Murphy gun control filibuster") â 2016 speech by US politician on gun control
- [Colorado Springs nightclub shooting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Springs_nightclub_shooting "Colorado Springs nightclub shooting") â 2022 attack which targeted an LGBTQ nightclub
- [Gun law in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States "Gun law in the United States")
- [Gun politics in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States "Gun politics in the United States")
- [Gun violence in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States "Gun violence in the United States")
- [LGBTQ in Islam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_in_Islam "LGBTQ in Islam")
- [List of Islamist terrorist attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamist_terrorist_attacks "List of Islamist terrorist attacks")
- [List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rampage_killers_\(religious,_political,_or_ethnic_crimes\) "List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes)")
- [List of terrorist incidents in June 2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_June_2016 "List of terrorist incidents in June 2016")
- [Mass shootings in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States "Mass shootings in the United States") â Incidents involving multiple victims of firearm violence
- [*Our Happy Hours: LGBT Voices from the Gay Bars*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Happy_Hours "Our Happy Hours") â US LGBT anthology
- [Rainbow crossing (Orlando, Florida)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_crossing_\(Orlando,_Florida\) "Rainbow crossing (Orlando, Florida)")
- [Terrorism in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States "Terrorism in the United States")
- [Violence against LGBTQ people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people "Violence against LGBTQ people") â Hateful actions towards sexuality or gender identity
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-USIS_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-USIS_1-1) The attacker's repeated demand was to stop the [U.S. airstrikes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_force "U.S. Air force") killing [leaders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_killing#By_the_United_States "Targeted killing") and [civilians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State#Civilians "War against the Islamic State") in [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_\(2014%E2%80%932021\) "US-led intervention in Iraq (2014â2021)") and [Syria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war "US intervention in the Syrian civil war").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-transcript_archive_20161019-3)[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-Hill_Call-55)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_note-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal-2)
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Reveal_2-6)
Doornbos, Caitlin (September 23, 2016). ["Transcripts of 911 calls reveal Pulse shooter's terrorist motives"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html). *[Orlando Sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Sentinel "Orlando Sentinel")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160926204945/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html) from the original on September 26, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016. "Pulse gunman to negotiator: 'Tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq', transcripts show ... 'You have to tell America to stop bombing Syria and Iraq. They are killing a lot of innocent people', gunman Omar Mateen told a crisis negotiator from inside the Pulse nightclub during a June standoff, transcripts of 911 calls released Friday show. ... Mateen referred to a U.S.-led air strike on May 6 that killed Abu Wahib, an ISIS military commander in Iraq, and three other jihadists, according to the Pentagon. 'That's what triggered it, OK?' Mateen said. 'They should have not bombed and killed Abu \[Wahib\]'... Mateen likened himself to other militants behind recent violence, telling the negotiator he was attacking because the 'U.S. is collaborating with Russia and they are killing innocent women and children'."
2. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_archive_20161019_3-6) <https://web.archive.org/web/20161019104321/https://info.publicintelligence.net/FL-OmarMateenTranscripts.pdf>
3. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-7) [***i***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-8) [***j***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-9) [***k***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-10) [***l***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-11) [***m***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-12) [***n***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-13) [***o***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-policefoundation20171217_4-14)
["Rescue, Response, and Resilience: A Critical Incident Review of the Orlando Public Safety Response to the Attack on the Pulse Nightclub"](https://www.policefoundation.org/publication/rescue-response-and-resilience-a-critical-incident-review-of-the-orlando-public-safety-response-to-the-attack-on-the-pulse-nightclub/). *www.policefoundation.org*. December 17, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
4. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-headline_ISIL_5-0)**
Hattem, Julian (September 26, 2016). ["Orlando gunman claimed shooting was motivated by death of ISIS operative"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160927053014/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/). *[TheHill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TheHill "TheHill")*. Archived from [the original](https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/) on September 27, 2016. "They should have not bombed and killed Abu Wahid \[sic\]" ... "You have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing," he said. "They are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?"
5. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Fitzsimons_NBC_6-0)**
Fitzsimons, Tim. ["What really happened that night at Pulse"](https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/what-really-happened-night-pulse-n882571). *NBC News*. NBC Universal. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-:0_7-0)**
Rothaus, Steve (June 12, 2016). ["Pulse Orlando shooting scene a popular LGBT club where employees, patrons 'like family'"](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/gay-south-florida/article83301677.html). *[The Miami Herald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Miami_Herald "The Miami Herald")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615082724/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/gay-south-florida/article83301677.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
7. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-8)**
Tsukayama, Hayley; Berman, Mark; Markon, Jerry (June 13, 2016). ["Gunman who killed 49 in Orlando nightclub had pledged allegiance to ISIS"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615021024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/06/12/orlando-nightclub-shooting-about-20-dead-in-domestic-terror-incident-at-gay-club/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
8. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-9)**
Marr, Rhuaridh (June 15, 2016). ["Drag Race star shares photo from Pulse, moments before shooting started"](https://www.metroweekly.com/2016/06/drag-race-star-shares-photo-pulse-moments-shooting-started/). *Metro Weekly*. Jansi, LLC. Retrieved November 20, 2022.
9. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abc39789552_10-3)
Caplan, David; Hayden, Michael Edison (June 12, 2016). ["At Least 50 Dead in Orlando Gay Club Shooting, Suspect Pledged Allegiance to ISIS, Officials Say"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-injuries-shooting-orlando-nightclub-police/story?id=39789552). *ABC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-injuries-shooting-orlando-nightclub-police/story?id=39789552) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
10. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-SantoraLastCall_11-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-SantoraLastCall_11-1)
Santora, Marc (June 12, 2016). ["Last Call at Pulse Nightclub, and Then Shots Rang Out"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/us/last-call-at-orlando-club-and-then-the-shots-rang-out.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612220954/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/us/last-call-at-orlando-club-and-then-the-shots-rang-out.html) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
11. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-timeline_tampabay_12-0)**
["A timeline of what happened at the Orlando nightclub shooting"](https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/a-timeline-of-what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting/2281363/). The Tampa Bay Times. June 12, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613114415/http://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/a-timeline-of-what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting/2281363) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
12. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911CallSignificance_13-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911CallSignificance_13-1)
["Significance of Orlando gunman calling 911 during standoff"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-shooting-investigation-gunman-omar-mateen-911-call). *CBS News*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614075410/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-shooting-investigation-gunman-omar-mateen-911-call/) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
13. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NPR_AR15_14-0)**
Zarroli, Jim (June 13, 2016). ["Type Of Rifle Used In Orlando Is Popular With Hobbyists, Easy To Use"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/13/481877159/the-rifle-used-in-orlando-is-lightweight-easy-to-use-and-oh-so-deadly). [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613234604/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/13/481877159/the-rifle-used-in-orlando-is-lightweight-easy-to-use-and-oh-so-deadly) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
14. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NRB_AR15_15-0)**
Siemaszko, Corky (June 12, 2016). ["AR-15 Style Rifle Used in Orlando Massacre Has Bloody Pedigree"](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/ar-15-rifle-used-orlando-massacre-has-bloody-pedigree-n590581). *NBC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613230653/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/ar-15-rifle-used-orlando-massacre-has-bloody-pedigree-n590581) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
15. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Time_AR15_16-0)**
Drabold, Will (June 13, 2016). ["What to Know About the Gun Used in the Orlando Shooting"](https://time.com/4366658/orlando-shooting-gun-control/). *Time*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614042607/http://time.com/4366658/orlando-shooting-ar-15-gun-control/) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
16. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-JansenUSAToday_17-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-JansenUSAToday_17-1)
Jansen, Bart (June 15, 2016). ["Weapons gunman used in Orlando shooting are high-capacity, common"](https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/14/guns-used-kill-49-orlando-high-capacity-common-weapons/85887260/). *USA Today*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160618151610/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/06/14/guns-used-kill-49-orlando-high-capacity-common-weapons/85887260/) from the original on June 18, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
17. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-TMZVideo_18-0)**
["Orlando Mass Shooting: Mateen Was About To Kill More ... Chief Describes Final Assault"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613025249/http://m.tmz.com/#article/2016/06/13/orlando-mass-shooting-police-fbi-news-conference/). *TMZ*. June 13, 2016. Archived from [the original](http://m.tmz.com/#article/2016/06/13/orlando-mass-shooting-police-fbi-news-conference/) on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
18. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews1_19-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews1_19-1)
["Officer asked Pulse shooting victims: 'If you're alive, raise your hand'"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/report-reveals-details-florida-nightclub-shooting-46794467). *ABC News*. April 14, 2017. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414130216/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/report-reveals-details-florida-nightclub-shooting-46794467) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
19. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-MozingoPearceWilkinson_20-4)
Mozingo, Joe; Pearce, Matt; Wilkinson, Tracy (June 13, 2016). ["'An act of terror and an act of hate': The aftermath of America's worst mass shooting"](https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160612-snap-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612095327/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-orlando-nightclub-shooting-20160612-snap-story.html) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
20. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-orlandosentinel1_21-5)
Hayes, Christal; Harris, David; Lotan, Gal Tziperman; Doornbos, Caitlin (April 13, 2017). ["Exclusive: New Pulse review from Orlando police reveals details, lessons learned"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-presentation-orlando-police-20170412-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230408185541/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-presentation-orlando-police-20170412-story.html) from the original on April 8, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
21. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NBC.Shooting_22-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NBC.Shooting_22-1)
Grimson, Matthew; Wyllie, David; Fieldstadt, Elisha (June 12, 2016). ["Orlando Nightclub Shooting: Mass Casualties After Gunman Opens Fire in Gay Club"](http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/orlando-nightclub-shooting-emergency-services-respond-reports-gunman-n590446). *NBC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612141047/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/orlando-nightclub-massacre/orlando-nightclub-shooting-emergency-services-respond-reports-gunman-n590446) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
22. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Orlando_Sentinel_Timeline_23-0)**
Gibson, Andrew (May 31, 2017). ["Orlando nightclub shooting timeline: Four hours of terror unfold"](https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-orlando-pulse-nightclub-shooting-timeline-htmlstory.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
23. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-24)**
["50 dead, Islamic terrorism tie eyed in Orlando gay bar shooting"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/pulse-nightclub-shooting-orlando/). *CBS News*. Associated Press. June 12, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100037/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/pulse-nightclub-shooting-orlando/) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
24. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-5) [***g***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-6) [***h***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-CNN.Timeline_25-7)
Stapleton, AnneClaire; Ellis, Ralph (June 12, 2016). ["Timeline of Orlando nightclub shooting"](http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-shooting-timeline/). CNN. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613115710/http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/12/us/orlando-shooting-timeline/) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
25. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYT.Visual_26-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYT.Visual_26-1)
Aisch, Gregor; Buchanan, Larry; Burgess, Joe; Fessenden, Ford; Keller, Josh; Lai, K.K. Rebecca; Mykhyalyshyn, Iaryna; Park, Haeyoun; Pearce, Adam; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya; Peçanha, Sergio; Singhvi, Anjali; Watkins, Derek; Yourish, Karen (June 12, 2016). ["What Happened Inside the Orlando Nightclub"](https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/12/us/what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612220932/http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/12/us/what-happened-at-the-orlando-nightclub-shooting.html) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
26. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-AlvarezAnguish_27-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-AlvarezAnguish_27-1)
[Alvarez, Lizette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizette_Alvarez "Lizette Alvarez"); [Pérez-Peña, Richard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_P%C3%A9rez-Pe%C3%B1a "Richard Pérez-Peña"); Hauser, Christine (June 13, 2016). ["Orlando Police Detail Battle to End Massacre at Gay Nightclub"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/orlando-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613140441/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/orlando-shooting.html) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
27. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-TeleLawlerAlexander_28-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-TeleLawlerAlexander_28-1)
Alexander, Harriet; Lawler, David (June 13, 2016). ["'We thought it was part of the music': how the Pulse nightclub massacre unfolded in Orlando"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/12/we-thought-it-was-part-of-the-music-how-the-pulse-nightclub-mass/). *The Daily Telegraph*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613041348/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/06/12/we-thought-it-was-part-of-the-music-how-the-pulse-nightclub-mass/) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
28. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-29)**
Schogol, Jeff (June 14, 2016). ["Marine vet's quick actions saved dozens of lives during Orlando nightclub shooting"](http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2016/06/14/marine-vets-quick-actions-saved-dozens-lives-during-orlando-nightclub-shooting/85860320/). *Marine Corps Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160818055429/http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/story/military/2016/06/14/marine-vets-quick-actions-saved-dozens-lives-during-orlando-nightclub-shooting/85860320/) from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
29. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-30)**
Holley, Peter (June 15, 2016). ["How a heroic Marine's military training helped him save dozens from Orlando gunman"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/06/15/how-a-heroic-marines-military-training-helped-him-save-dozens-from-orlando-gunman/). *The Washington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160709083625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/06/15/how-a-heroic-marines-military-training-helped-him-save-dozens-from-orlando-gunman/) from the original on July 9, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
30. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-cnn_31-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-cnn_31-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-cnn_31-2)
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31. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-32)**
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32. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WPPoliceResponse_33-3)
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33. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-GMA.Recounts_34-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-GMA.Recounts_34-1)
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34. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews2_35-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-abcnews2_35-1)
Katersky, Aaron; Withers, Scott; Kennedy, Scottye; Blake, Paul (April 14, 2017). ["'If you're alive, raise your hand' desperate rescuer said in Pulse nightclub"](https://abcnews.go.com/US/alive-raise-hand-desperate-rescuer-pulse-nightclub/story?id=46797935). *ABC News*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414193357/https://abcnews.go.com/US/alive-raise-hand-desperate-rescuer-pulse-nightclub/story?id=46797935) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
35. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-36)**
Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (June 14, 2016). ["Survivor on Orlando gunman: 'He was not going to stop killing people until he was killed'"](https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615004359/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "\[Patience Carter, a hostage\] continued: 'There was an African American man in the stall with us... he said, 'Yes, there are about six or seven of us.' The gunman responded back to him saying that, 'You know, I don't have a problem with black people, this is about my country. You guys suffered enough.'"
36. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-37)**
["Orlando shooting survivor recounts terrifying moments"](http://www.fox29.com/news/158721816-story). *Fox 29*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615122259/http://www.fox29.com/news/158721816-story) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "'I could hear him talking, and he said, "I don't have a problem with black people. It's nothing personal. I'm just tired of your people killing my people in Iraq,"' Parker explained."
37. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-38)**
["Orlando survivor: Gunman tried to spare black people"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-survivor-patience-carter-gunman-tried-to-spare-black-people/). *CBS News*. June 14, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615121937/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/orlando-survivor-patience-carter-gunman-tried-to-spare-black-people/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016. "Carter, 20 years old, had fled into the bathroom of Pulse nightclub during the Orlando massacre, and as the situation was winding down, she said the gunman told police negotiators on the phone he pledged his allegiance to ISIS and wouldn't stop his assault until America stopped bombing his country."
38. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-39)**
Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (June 14, 2016). ["Survivor on Orlando gunman: 'He was not going to stop killing people until he was killed'"](https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615004359/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-orlando-nightclub-restroom-survivors-20160614-snap-story.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
39. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-NYTimes.Strap_40-2)
Robles, Frances; Pérez-Peña, Richard (June 15, 2016). ["Omar Mateen Told Police He'd Strap Bombs to Hostages, Orlando Mayor Says"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/us/orlando-shooting.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615180906/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/16/us/orlando-shooting.html) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
40. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-41)**
Burch, Audra D.S. (July 2, 2016). ["The paramedics of Pulse heard the gunfire, then saw something they never thought possible"](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article87364892.html). *Miami Herald*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160730190716/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/state/florida/article87364892.html) from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
41. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Timeline_42-2)
Lotan, Gal Tziperman (June 12, 2016). ["Orlando mass shooting: Timeline of events"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-shooting-tick-tock-20160613-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160613112124/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-shooting-tick-tock-20160613-story.html) from the original on June 13, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
42. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Barrett-WSJ_43-0)**
Barrett, Devlin; Entous, Adam; Cullison, Alan (June 12, 2016). ["FBI Twice Probed Orlando Gunman"](https://www.wsj.com/articles/orlando-gunman-was-twice-probed-by-fbi-1465761322). *The Wall Street Journal*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160620125427/http://www.wsj.com/articles/orlando-gunman-was-twice-probed-by-fbi-1465761322) from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2016. "Law-enforcement officials said that investigation was prompted because Abu-Salha and Mateen attended the same mosque. Investigators concluded that while the two men probably knew each other's names and faces..."
43. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-wburFBI_44-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-wburFBI_44-1)
["FBI Boston Chief: In Call, Mateen Referred To Tsarnaevs As His 'Homeboys'"](http://www.wbur.org/news/2016/06/13/mateen-orlando-tsarnaevs-monday). *WBUR News*. June 13, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614113944/http://www.wbur.org/news/2016/06/13/mateen-orlando-tsarnaevs-monday) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2016.
44. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-45)**
Joscelyn, Thomas (June 20, 2016). ["Orlando terrorist swore allegiance to Islamic State's Abu Bakr al Baghdadi"](http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/orlando-terrorist-swore-allegiance-to-islamic-states-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi.php). *[The Long War Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Long_War_Journal "The Long War Journal")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160625012652/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/06/orlando-terrorist-swore-allegiance-to-islamic-states-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi.php) from the original on June 25, 2016. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
45. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-businessinsidercomey_46-0)**
Bertrand, Natasha; Engel, Pamela (June 13, 2016). ["The FBI director just painted a bizarre picture of the man behind the worst mass shooting in US history"](http://www.businessinsider.com/james-comey-orlando-shooting-omar-mateen-fbi-2016-6). *Business Insider*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160614122903/http://www.businessinsider.com/james-comey-orlando-shooting-omar-mateen-fbi-2016-6) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
46. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-47)**
Mazzetti, Mark; Lichtblau, Eric; Blinder, Alan (June 13, 2016). ["Omar Mateen, Twice Scrutinized by F.B.I., Shows Threat of Lone Terrorists"](https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/orlando-shooting-omar-mateen.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160716151536/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/orlando-shooting-omar-mateen.html) from the original on July 16, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
47. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-911_Calls_by_Pulse_Patrons_48-0)**
Lotan, Gal Tziperman; Allen, Stephanie (June 28, 2016). ["Dispatchers heard gunshots, screams, moans in Pulse 911 calls"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-timeline-records-20160628-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160629191413/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-pulse-timeline-records-20160628-story.html) from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
48. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-HausMcCrum_49-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-HausMcCrum_49-1)
Hauslohner, Abigail; McCrummen, Stephanie (June 21, 2016). ["Orlando shooting: A quick response and then a long wait"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160623150301/http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/06/orlando_shooting_a_quick_respo.html). *The Washington Post*. The Times-Picayune. Archived from [the original](http://www.nola.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/06/orlando_shooting_a_quick_respo.html) on June 23, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
49. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-OrlandoSentinel.Question_50-2)
Hayes, Christal (November 16, 2016). ["Victims question rescue efforts in latest Pulse 911 calls"](http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-next-pulse-911-calls-released-20161116-story.html). *Orlando Sentinel*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161117042104/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-next-pulse-911-calls-released-20161116-story.html) from the original on November 17, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
50. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-washingtonpost1_51-3)
Berman, Mark (April 14, 2017). ["'If you're alive, raise your hand': Orlando police detail response to Pulse nightclub attack"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/04/14/if-youre-alive-raise-your-hand-orlando-police-detail-response-to-pulse-nightclub-attack/). *The Washington Post*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170414203710/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/04/14/if-youre-alive-raise-your-hand-orlando-police-detail-response-to-pulse-nightclub-attack/) from the original on April 14, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
51. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-52)**
Fais, Scott (June 15, 2016). ["Mateen to News 13 producer: 'I'm the shooter. It's me.'"](http://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2016/6/14/orlando_shooting_oma.html). News 13. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160616004253/https://www.mynews13.com/content/news/cfnews13/news/article.html/content/news/articles/cfn/2016/6/14/orlando_shooting_oma.html) from the original on June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
52. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-53)**
Miller, Michael E. (June 15, 2016). ["'I'm the shooter. It's me': Gunman called local TV station during attack, station says"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/15/im-the-shooter-its-me-gunman-called-local-tv-station-during-attack-station-says/). *[The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post "The Washington Post")*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160615155427/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/15/im-the-shooter-its-me-gunman-called-local-tv-station-during-attack-station-says/) from the original on June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
53. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-transcript_via_54-0)** <https://info.publicintelligence.net/FL-OmarMateenTranscripts.pdf> via <https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/>
54. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Hill_Call_55-2) <https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/297801-orlando-gunman-claimed-shooting-was-motivated-by-death-of-isis/> âThey should have not bombed and killed Abu Wahid \[sic\]â ... âYou have to tell the U.S. government to stop bombing,â he said. âThey are killing too many children, they are killing too many women, okay?â
55. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-56)** "On May 6th, a coalition air strike targeted Abu Wahib, ISIL's military amir for Anbar Province and a former member of Al Qaida in Iraq who has appeared in ISIL execution videos. That strike near Rutbah was successful, killing Abu Wahib and three other ISIL jihadists. Abu Wahib's death is another blow to ISIL's leadership that will further degrade its ability to operate, especially in Anbar Province." <https://www.war.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/Article/755468/department-of-defense-press-briefing-by-pentagon-press-secretary-peter-cook-in/>
56. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-57)** <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pentagon-top-isis-leader-killed-in-iraq/>
57. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-58)** <https://web.archive.org/web/20160926204945/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/pulse-orlando-nightclub-shooting/os-911-calls-released-orlando-shooting-20170922-story.html>
58. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-hateful_propaganda_59-2)
["Joint Statement From Justice Department and FBI Regarding Transcript Related to the Orlando Terror Attack"](https://web.archive.org/web/20250207082822/https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/joint-statement-justice-department-and-fbi-regarding-transcript-related-orlando-terror-attack). *www.justice.gov*. Office of Public Affairs, [United States Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice"). June 20, 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/joint-statement-justice-department-and-fbi-regarding-transcript-related-orlando-terror-attack) on February 7, 2025. "The purpose of releasing the partial transcript of the shooter's interaction with 911 operators was to provide transparency, while remaining sensitive to the interests of the surviving victims, their families, and the integrity of the ongoing investigation. We also did not want to provide the killer or terrorist organizations with a publicity platform for hateful propaganda. Unfortunately, the unreleased portions of the transcript that named the terrorist organizations and leaders have caused an unnecessary distraction from the hard work that the FBI and our law enforcement partners have been doing..."
59. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-60)** <https://web.archive.org/web/20160812053952/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/tampa/news/press-releases/investigative-update-regarding-pulse-nightclub-shooting>
60. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-WFTV_ABC_61-3)
["Records: Gunshots, moaning heard by dispatchers as terror unfolded in Pulse"](http://www.wftv.com/news/pulse-shooting/documents-gunshots-moaning-heard-by-dispatchers-as-terror-unfolded-in-pulse/370421609). *WFTV 9 ABC*. July 1, 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160702171126/http://www.wftv.com/news/pulse-shooting/documents-gunshots-moaning-heard-by-dispatchers-as-terror-unfolded-in-pulse/370421609) from the original on July 2, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
61. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-Reuters_62-0)**
Liston, Barbara (June 12, 2016). ["Fifty people killed in massacre at Florida gay nightclub: police"](https://www.reuters.com/article/us-florida-shooting-nightclub-idUSKCN0YY08B). *Reuters*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160612084344/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-florida-shooting-nightclub-idUSKCN0YY08B) from the original on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
62. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_nightclub_shooting#cite_ref-63)**
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- Frank Straub, Jack Cambria, Jane Castor, Ben Gorban, Brett Meade, David Waltemeyer, and Jennifer Zeunik, *[Rescue, Response, and Resilience: A Critical Incident Review of the Orlando Public Safety Response to the Attack on the Pulse Nightclub](https://www.policefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Orlando-Pulse.pdf)*, [Police Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Foundation "Police Foundation")/[U.S. Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice "U.S. Department of Justice") [Office of Community Oriented Policing Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Community_Oriented_Policing_Services "Office of Community Oriented Policing Services") (2017)
- [Orange County Sheriff's Office â Incident report](http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/06/25/Scan16062511570_1466872698408_7194317_ver1.0.pdf) ([Archive](https://web.archive.org/web/20160627085743/http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/06/25/Scan16062511570_1466872698408_7194317_ver1.0.pdf))
- [Orlando Police Department In Progress Incident Report](http://www.cityoforlando.net/cityclerk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2016/06/OPDPulseLIVECAD_June172016-by-narrativeandunitassignment_Redacted.pdf)
- [Orlando Police Department officers' accounts from the Pulse attack](http://media.clickorlando.com/document_dev/2016/07/19/OPD_Supplemental_Reports_-1-43_redacted_1468932520218_7449447_ver1.0.pdf) |
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