🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa028)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza","crawl_time":1776147887,"first_indexed_time":1375979895,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Pizza s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Pizza - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Pizza\nA pizza divided into eight slices\nType\nFlatbread\nCourse\nOne course meal\nPlace of origin\nItaly\nRegion or state\nNaples\n,\nCampania\nServing temperature\nHot or warm\nMain ingredients\nDough, sauce (usually\ntomato sauce\n), cheese (typically\nmozzarella\n)\nSimilar dishes\nCalzone\n,\npanzerotti\n \nMedia: Pizza\nPizza\n[\na\n]\nis an\nItalian dish\ntypically consisting of a flat base of\nleavened\nwheat\n-based\ndough\ntopped with\ntomato\n,\ncheese\n, and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven.\nThe term\npizza\nwas first recorded in AD 997, in a\nLatin\nmanuscript from the\nsouthern Italian\ntown of\nGaeta\n, in Lazio, on the border with\nCampania\n.\n[\n2\n]\nRaffaele Esposito\nis often credited for creating the modern pizza in\nNaples\n.\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\n[\n6\n]\nIn 2009,\nNeapolitan pizza\n[\n7\n]\nwas registered with the European Union as a\ntraditional speciality guaranteed\n(TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on\nUNESCO\n's list of\nintangible cultural heritage\n.\n[\n8\n]\nPizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including\npizzerias\n,\nMediterranean restaurants\n, via\ndelivery\n, and as\nstreet food\n.\n[\n9\n]\nIn Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork.\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nIn casual settings, however, it is typically\ncut\ninto slices to be eaten\nwhile held in the hand\n. Pizza is also sold in\ngrocery stores\nin a variety of forms, including\nfrozen\nor as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven.\nIn 2017, the world pizza market was US$128 billion; in the US, it was $44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias.\n[\n12\n]\nOverall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day.\n[\n13\n]\nEtymology\nThe oldest recorded usage of the word\npizza\nis thought to be from May 997\n \nAD, appearing in the\nCodex diplomaticus Caietanus\n, a notarial\nLatin\ndocument from the town of\nGaeta\n, then still part of the\nByzantine Empire\n.\n[\n14\n]\nThe text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta\nduodecim pizze\n(\nlit.\n \n'\ntwelve pizzas\n'\n),\n[\n15\n]\na\npork shoulder\nand kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on\nEaster Sunday\n.\n[\n16\n]\nSuggested etymologies include:\nByzantine Greek\nand\nLate Latin\npitta\n>\npizza\n,\ncf.\nModern Greek\npitta\nbread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then\nByzantine Italy\n)\npitta\n,\n[\n17\n]\na round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word\npitta\ncan in turn be traced to either\nAncient Greek\nπικτή\n(\npikte\n), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became\npicta\n, or Ancient Greek\nπίσσα\n(\npissa\n,\nAttic\n: πίττα,\npitta\n), 'pitch',\n[\n18\n]\n[\n19\n]\nor\nπήτεα\n(\npḗtea\n), 'bran' (\nπητίτης\n,\npētítēs\n, 'bran bread').\n[\n20\n]\nThe\nEtymological Dictionary of the Italian Language\nexplains it as coming from dialectal\npinza\n, 'clamp', as in modern Italian\npinze\n, 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin\npinsere\n, 'to pound, stamp'.\n[\n21\n]\nThe\nLombardic\nword\nbizzo\nor\npizzo\n, meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words\nbit\nand\nbite\n), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading\nLombards\n.\n[\n2\n]\n[\n22\n]\nThe shift b→p could be explained by the\nHigh German consonant shift\n, and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word\nImbiss\nmeans 'snack'.\nA person who makes pizza is known as a\npizzaiolo\n.\n[\n23\n]\nThe word\npizza\nwas borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called \"tomato pie\" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.\n[\n24\n]\nHistory\nAn illustration from 1830 of a\npizzaiolo\nin Naples\nRecords of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the\nPersian\nsoldiers of the\nAchaemenid Empire\nduring the rule of\nDarius the Great\nbaked flatbreads with cheese and\ndates\non top of their battle shields\n[\n25\n]\n[\n26\n]\nand the\nancient Greeks\nsupplemented their bread with\noils\n, herbs, and cheese.\n[\n27\n]\n[\n28\n]\nAn early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the\nAeneid\n, when Celaeno, queen of the\nHarpies\n, foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII,\nAeneas\nand his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the \"tables\" prophesied by Celaeno.\n[\n29\n]\nIn 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in\nPompeii\nappearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it \"may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish\".\n[\n30\n]\n[\n31\n]\nThe first mention of the word\npizza\nseemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997\n \nAD from\nGaeta\n, demanding a payment of \"twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day\".\n[\n16\n]\nModern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in\nNaples\n, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.\n[\n32\n]\nBefore that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims,\n[\n32\n]\nalthough it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the\nColumbian Exchange\n. Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have\nstanze\nwith tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot.\n[\n33\n]\nA popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza,\npizza Margherita\n,\n[\n34\n]\nwas invented in 1889, when the\nRoyal Palace of Capodimonte\ncommissioned the Neapolitan\npizzaiolo\n(\n'\npizza maker\n'\n)\nRaffaele Esposito\nto create a pizza in honor of the visiting\nQueen Margherita\n. Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the\nItalian flag\n—red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen,\n[\n35\n]\nwith an official letter of recognition from the queen's \"head of service\" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi.\n[\n36\n]\nLater research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.\n[\n37\n]\n[\n38\n]\nPizza was taken to the United States by\nItalian immigrants\nin the late 19th century\n[\n39\n]\nand first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria,\nLombardi's\n, opened in New York City in 1905.\n[\n40\n]\nItalian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world.\n[\n41\n]\nThe Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (\nlit.\n \n'\nTrue Neapolitan Pizza Association\n'\n) is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional\nNeapolitan pizza\n.\n[\n42\n]\nIn 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a\ntraditional speciality guaranteed\n(TSG) dish,\n[\n43\n]\n[\n44\n]\nand in 2017 the art of its making was included on\nUNESCO\n's list of\nintangible cultural heritage\n.\n[\n8\n]\nPreparation\nPizza is sold fresh or\nfrozen\n, whole or in\nportion-size slices\n. Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts.\nIn the US, another form of pizza is available from\ntake and bake pizzerias\n. This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own\novens\n. Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven.\nPizza preparation\nPizza dough being\nkneaded\nbefore being left undisturbed and allowed time to\nproof\nTossing pizza dough to stretch it\nAn unbaked\nNeapolitan pizza\non a metal\npeel\n, ready for the oven\nA wrapped,\nmass-produced\nfrozen pizza to be baked at home\nBaking\nIn restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with\nfire bricks\nabove the heat source, an electric deck oven, a\nconveyor belt\noven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired\nbrick oven\n. The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called \"\npeel\n\", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it.\n[\n45\n]\nWhen made at home, a pizza can be baked on a\npizza stone\nin a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it.\n[\n46\n]\nSome home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries,\n[\n47\n]\nin order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as\nSicilian pizza\n, are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven.\n[\n48\n]\nMost restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas.\nMass production\nof pizza by\nchains\ncan be completely automated.\nPizza baking\nPizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired\nbrick oven\nA pizza being removed with a wooden peel\nCharred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza\nPizza grilling on an outdoor gas range\nCrust\nThe bottom of the pizza, called the \"crust\", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed\nNeapolitan pizza\nor thick as in a deep-dish\nChicago-style\n. It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the\ncornicione\n.\n[\n49\n]\nSome pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust.\n[\n50\n]\nCheese\nMozzarella\nis commonly used on pizza, with the\nbuffalo mozzarella\nproduced in the surroundings of Naples.\n[\n51\n]\nOther cheeses are also used, particularly\nburrata\n,\nGorgonzola\n,\nprovolone\n,\npecorino romano\n,\nricotta\n, and\nscamorza\n. Less expensive\nprocessed cheeses\nor\ncheese analogues\nhave been developed for\nmass-market\npizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable\nshelf life\n. This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of\nvegetable oil\n, manufacturing and culture processes,\ndenatured\nwhey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe.\n[\n52\n]\nVarieties and styles\nA great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as\nNew York–style pizza\n). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines.\nThe following lists show some notable pizza varieties:\nItalian varieties\nImage\nName\nCharacteristic ingredients\nOrigin\nFirst attested\nNotes\nPizza marinara\nTomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese.\nNaples\n, Italy\n1734\nOne of the oldest Neapolitan pizza.\nPizza Margherita\nTomatoes, mozzarella, basil.\nNaples, Italy\nJune 1889\nThe archetypical\nNeapolitan pizza\n.\nPizza capricciosa\nHam, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes.\nRome\n, Lazio, Italy\n1937\nSimilar to\npizza quattro stagioni\n, but with toppings mixed rather than separated.\nPizza quattro stagioni\nArtichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes.\nCampania\n, Italy\nThe toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons.\nPizza quattro formaggi\nPrepared using four types of cheese (\nItalian:\n[ˈkwattro\nforˈmaddʒi]\n, 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region.\nLazio\n, Italy\nIts origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century.\n[\n53\n]\nSeafood pizza\nSeafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid.\nItaly\nSubvarieties include\npizza ai frutti di mare\n(no cheese) and\npizza pescatore\n(with mussels or squid).\nStyles\nItalian styles\nImage\nName\nCharacteristics\nOrigin\nFirst attested\nCalzone\nPizza folded in half\nturnover\n-style, baked.\nNaples\n, Italy\nPanzerotti\nSimilar to a calzone, but fried.\nApulia\n, Italy\nDeep fried pizza\n(\npizza fritta\n)\nThe pizza is\ndeep fried\n(cooked in oil) instead of baked.\nNaples, Italy\nPizzetta\nSmall pizza served as an\nhors d'oeuvre\nor\nsnack\n.\nItaly\nNorth American styles\nImage\nName\nCharacteristics\nOrigin\nFirst attested\nCalifornia-style pizza\nDistinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce.\nCalifornia, U.S.\n1980\nChicago-style pizza\nBaked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients.\nChicago\n, U.S.\nc.\n 1940s\nColorado-style pizza\nMade with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment.\nColorado\n, U.S.\n1973\nDetroit-style pizza\nThe cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge.\nDetroit\n, U.S.\n1946\nNew Haven–style pizza\nDistinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring.\nNew Haven\n, U.S.\n1925\nNew York–style pizza\nNeapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust.\nNew York metropolitan area\n(and beyond)\nEarly 1900s\nSt. Louis–style pizza\nThe style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges.\nSt. Louis\n, U.S.\n1945\nWindsor–style pizza\nDistinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms.\nWindsor\n, Canada\n1950s\nBy region of origin\nItaly\nThe ingredients of traditional\npizza Margherita\n—tomatoes (red),\nmozzarella\n(white), and\nbasil\n(green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national\nflag of Italy\n.\n[\n54\n]\nAuthentic\nNeapolitan pizza\n(Italian:\npizza napoletana\n) is made with\nSan Marzano tomatoes\n, grown on the volcanic plains south of\nMount Vesuvius\n, and either\nmozzarella di bufala campana\n, made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of\nCampania\nand\nLazio\n,\n[\n55\n]\nor\nfior di latte\n.\n[\n56\n]\nBuffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European\nprotected designation of origin\n(PDO).\n[\n55\n]\nOther traditional pizzas include\npizza marinara\n, supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza,\n[\n57\n]\nand\npizza capricciosa\n, which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato.\n[\n58\n]\nA popular variant of pizza in Italy is\nSicilian pizza\n,\n[\n59\n]\n[\n60\n]\na thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in\nSicily\n: it is essentially a\nfocaccia\nthat is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island.\n[\n61\n]\nOther variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example\npizza al padellino\nor\npizza al tegamino\n, a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in\nTurin\n, Piedmont.\n[\n62\n]\n[\n63\n]\n[\n64\n]\nUnited States\nPizza banquet in the\nWhite House\nserving\nChicago-style pizza\n(2009)\nCaramelized crust of\nslices\nof\nNew York–style pizza\nThe first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's\nLittle Italy\nin 1905.\n[\n65\n]\nCommon toppings for pizza in the United States include\nanchovies\n, ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers,\npepperoni\n, pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a \"cheese pizza\" or a \"plain pizza\".\n[\n66\n]\nDistinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including\nBuffalo\n,\n[\n67\n]\nCalifornia\n,\nChicago\n,\nDetroit\n,\nGreek\n,\nNew Haven\n,\nNew York\n, and\nSt. Louis\nstyles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers,\nrolled\n, and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings.\nThirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day.\n[\n68\n]\nPizza chains\nsuch as\nDomino's Pizza\n,\nPizza Hut\n, and\nPapa John's\n, pizzas from\ntake and bake pizzerias\n, and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide.\nPizza by the slice\nis available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with\nNew York City\n, where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors.\nArgentina\nTraditional\nArgentine-style pizzas\nde molde\nbeing prepared at a pizzeria in\nBuenos Aires\nArgentine pizza\nis a mainstay of the\ncountry's cuisine\n,\n[\n69\n]\nespecially of its capital\nBuenos Aires\n, where it is regarded as a\ncultural heritage\nand\nicon\nof the city.\n[\n70\n]\n[\n71\n]\n[\n72\n]\nArgentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year).\n[\n73\n]\nAs such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza.\n[\n71\n]\n[\n73\n]\nThe dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive\nItalian immigration\n, as part of a broader\ngreat European immigration wave to the country\n.\n[\n71\n]\nThus, around the same time that the iconic\npizza Margherita\n[\n74\n]\nwas being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital.\n[\n75\n]\nThe impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina.\n[\n73\n]\n[\n76\n]\nIn the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city.\n[\n76\n]\n[\n75\n]\nThe most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called\npizza de molde\n(Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a \"thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust\".\n[\n71\n]\nThis style, which today\n[\nwhen?\n]\nis identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a\nmain course\n.\n[\n73\n]\n[\n76\n]\nThe name\npizza de molde\nemerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans.\n[\n77\n]\nSince they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas,\nfugazzetas\nor\nfugazzas\n.\n[\n77\n]\nOther styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic\nfugazza\nand its derivative\nfugazzeta\nor\nfugazza con queso\n(a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria),\n[\n71\n]\nor the\npizza de cancha\nor\ncanchera\n(a cheese-less variant).\n[\n78\n]\nMost pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed \"\nmuza\n\" or \"\nmusa\n\"; the\nnapolitana\nor \"\nnapo\n\", with \"cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives\", not to be confused with\nNeapolitan pizza\n;\n[\n71\n]\ncalabresa\n, with slices of\nlonganiza\n;\n[\n79\n]\njamon y morrones\n, with sliced\nham\nand roasted\nbell peppers\n;\n[\n71\n]\nas well as versions with\nprovolone\n, with\nanchovies\n,\n[\n79\n]\nwith\nhearts of palm\n, or with chopped\nhard boiled egg\n.\n[\n71\n]\nA typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with\nfainá\n, a pancake made from\nchickpea flour\n.\n[\n80\n]\nDessert pizza\nThe terms\ndessert pizza\nand\nsweet pizza\nare used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including\nchocolate pizza\nand\nfruit pizza\n.\n[\n81\n]\n[\n82\n]\nSome are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base,\n[\n83\n]\nwhile others have a\ncookie\n-like base\n[\n84\n]\nand resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas.\n[\n85\n]\n[\n86\n]\nNutrition\nMany\nmass-produced\npizzas by American\npizza chains\nhave been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in\ncalories\n. The\nUSDA\nreports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains.\n[\n87\n]\n[\n88\n]\n[\n89\n]\nSimilar dishes\nFocaccia al rosmarino\nPanzerotti\nCalzone\nand\nstromboli\nare similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling.\nCoca\nis a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions.\nFarinata\nor\ncecina\nis a Ligurian (\nfarinata\n) and Tuscan (\ncecina\n) regional dish.\n[\n90\n]\nIt is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice.\nFlammekueche\nis a food speciality of the Alsace region.\nFocaccia\nis a flat\nleavened\noven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called\npizza bianca\n(\nlit.\n \n'\nwhite pizza\n'\n).\n[\n91\n]\nGarlic fingers\nis an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon.\nİçli pide\n, or simply\npide\n, is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as \"Turkish pizza\".\nKhachapuri\nis a Georgian cheese-filled bread.\nLahmacun\nis a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables.\n[\n92\n]\nManakish\nis a Levantine flatbread dish.\nMatzah pizza\nis a Jewish pizza dish.\nOkonomiyaki\n, often referred to as \"Japanese pizza\", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate.\n[\n93\n]\nPanzerotti\nare similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked.\nPastrmajlija\n(nicknamed Macedonian pizza)\n[\n94\n]\nis a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it.\nPiadina\nis a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region.\nPinsa (bread)\nis a flatbread with sauce applied after baking.\nPissaladière\nis similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions,\nanchovies\n, and olives.\nPizza bagel\nis a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas.\nPizza cake\nis a multiple-layer pizza.\nPizza rolls\nare a frozen snack product.\nPizza strips\nis a tomato pie of Italian-American origin.\nSfiha\nis a Levantine flatbread with toppings.\nWähe\nis a Swiss type of tart.\nZanzibar pizza is a street food served in\nStone Town\n, Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like\nfilo\ndough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan\nbasṭīla\n.\n[\n95\n]\nZwiebelkuchen\nis a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds.\nSee also\nMedia related to\nPizzas\nat Wikimedia Commons\nList of baked goods\nList of pizza chains\nList of pizza varieties by country\nPizza cheese\n– cheese for use specifically on pizza\nPizza delivery\n– service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer\nPizza farm\n– farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices\nPizza party\n– social gathering at which pizza is eaten\nPizza saver\n– object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing\nPizza theorem\n– equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point\nPizza in the United States\nNotes\n^\nEnglish:\nPEET\n-sə\n,\n[\n1\n]\nItalian:\n[ˈpittsa]\n,\nNeapolitan:\n[ˈpittsə]\n.\nReferences\n^\n\"144843\"\n.\nOxford English Dictionary\n(Online ed.). Oxford University Press.\n(Subscription or\nparticipating institution membership\nrequired.)\n^\na\nb\nMaiden, Martin.\n\"Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word\"\n.\nyourDictionary.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non January 15, 2003.\n^\nSchwartz, Arthur (1998).\nNaples at Table: Cooking in Campania\n. Harper Collins. p. 68.\nISBN\n \n9780060182618\n.\n^\nDickie, John (2008).\nDelizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food\n. p. 186.\n^\nOrsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007).\nItalian Baking Secrets\n. p. 99.\n^\n\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"\n.\nITALY Magazine\n. March 14, 2011. Archived from\nthe original\non February 7, 2013\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 21,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"\n. La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 20, 2024\n. Retrieved\nJune 18,\n2024\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017.\nISSN\n \n0261-3077\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 7, 2017\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2017\n.\n^\nMiller, Hanna (April–May 2006).\n\"American Pie\"\n.\nAmerican Heritage\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on February 3, 2012\n. Retrieved\nMay 4,\n2012\n.\n^\nNaylor, Tony (September 6, 2019).\n\"How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n. London.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 14, 2019\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 20,\n2019\n.\n^\nGodoy, Maria (January 13, 2014).\n\"Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit\"\n. The Salt (blog).\nNational Public Radio\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on September 20, 2019\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 20,\n2019\n.\n^\nHynum, Rick (December 2016).\n\"Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report\"\n.\nPMQ Pizza Magazine\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 29, 2017\n. Retrieved\nJuly 28,\n2017\n.\n^\nRhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014).\n\"Consumption of Pizza\"\n(PDF)\n.\nFood Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11\n. USDA.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on September 30, 2017\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 27,\n2017\n.\n^\nMiller, Keith (February 12, 2015).\n\"Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?\"\n.\nThe Daily Telegraph\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 2, 2024\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 11,\n2025\n.\nGiuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the \"codex diplomaticus cajtanus\" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano.\n^\nCodex Diplomaticus Cajetanus\n. Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887.\nTantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli.\n^\na\nb\n\"Sorpresa: la parola \"pizza\" è nata a Gaeta\"\n[Surprise: the word \"pizza\" was born in Gaeta].\nLa Repubblica\n(in Italian). February 9, 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 16, 2021\n. Retrieved\nNovember 16,\n2021\n.\n^\nBabiniotis, Georgios (2005).\nΛεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας\n[\nDictionary of Modern Greek\n] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413.\nISBN\n \n978-960-86190-1-2\n.\n^\n\"Pizza\"\n.\nOnline Etymology Dictionary\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 24, 2007\n. Retrieved\nJune 5,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"\nPissa\n, Liddell and Scott, \"A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus\"\n. Perseus.tufts.edu.\nArchived\nfrom the original on February 21, 2022\n. Retrieved\nJune 5,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Pizza\"\n. Dictionary.com\n. Retrieved\nJune 5,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"pizza\"\n(\nArchived\nFebruary 21, 2022, at the\nWayback Machine\n),\nOnline Etymology Dictionary\n.\n^\n\"Pizza\"\n.\nGarzanti Linguistica\n. De Agostini Scuola Spa.\nArchived\nfrom the original on February 1, 2014\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 31,\n2014\n.\n^\nDoane, Seth (November 20, 2022).\n\"Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home\"\n.\nCBS News\n.\n^\nUyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023).\n\"The Many Lives of Tomato Pie\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n. Retrieved\nOctober 15,\n2023\n.\n^\nBarrett, Liz (2014).\nPizza, A Slice of American History\n. Voyageur Press. p. 13.\nISBN\n \n978-0-7603-4560-3\n.\n^\nEdwards, W. P. (2007).\nThe Science of Bakery Products\n. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199.\nISBN\n \n978-0-85404-486-3\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on January 10, 2026\n. Retrieved\nFebruary 18,\n2025\n.\n^\nTalati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014).\nTravelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles\n. Lulu publishers.\nISBN\n \n978-1304961358\n.\n^\nBuonassisi, Rosario (2000).\nPizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table\n. Firefly. p. 78.\n^\n\"Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non March 29, 2017.\n^\n\"Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nBBC\n. June 17, 2023.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 27, 2023\n. Retrieved\nJune 27,\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii\"\n.\nABC News\n. June 27, 2023.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 27, 2023\n. Retrieved\nJune 28,\n2023\n.\n^\na\nb\nHelstosky, Carol (2008).\nPizza: A Global History\n. London: Reaktion. pp. \n21–\n22.\nISBN\n \n978-1-86189-391-8\n.\n^\nde Sanctis, Francesco\n.\nLa giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico\n. p. 39.\nIn the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità.\n^\n\"Margherita Pizza\"\n. La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJune 18,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"\n.\nItaly Magazine\n. March 14, 2011. Archived from\nthe original\non February 7, 2013\n. Retrieved\nApril 23,\n2012\n.\n^\nHales, Dianne (May 12, 2009).\nLa Bella Lingua\n(in Swedish). Crown. p. 204.\nISBN\n \n978-0767932110\n. Retrieved\nAugust 29,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?\"\n.\nBBC Food\n. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from\nthe original\non December 31, 2012\n. Retrieved\nDecember 31,\n2012\n.\n^\nNowak, Zachary (March 2014).\n\"Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita\"\n.\nFood, Culture & Society\n.\n17\n(1):\n103–\n124.\ndoi\n:\n10.2752\/175174414X13828682779249\n.\nISSN\n \n1552-8014\n.\nS2CID\n \n142371201\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 18, 2024\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 23,\n2023\n.\n^\nHelstosky, Carol (2008).\nPizza: A Global History\n. Reaktion Books. p. 48.\nISBN\n \n978-1-86189-630-8\n.\n^\nNevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009).\nInside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City\n. New York: Free Press. pp. \n194–\n95.\nISBN\n \n978-1416589976\n.\n^\nTurim, Gayle.\n\"A Slice of History: Pizza Through the Ages\"\n.\nHistory.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non December 18, 2014\n. Retrieved\nJanuary 6,\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 9, 2017\n. Retrieved\nJuly 11,\n2017\n.\n^\nOfficial Journal of the European Union,\nCommission regulation (EU) No 97\/2010\nArchived\nJune 3, 2013, at the\nWayback Machine\n, February 5, 2010.\n^\nInternational Trademark Association,\nEuropean Union: Pizza napoletana obtains \"Traditional Speciality Guaranteed\" status\nArchived\nAugust 19, 2014, at the\nWayback Machine\n, April 1, 2010.\n^\nOwens, Martin J. (2003).\nMake Great Pizza at Home\n. Taste of America Press. p. 3.\nISBN\n \n978-0-9744470-0-1\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 27, 2016\n. Retrieved\nDecember 12,\n2015\n.\n^\nChen, Angus (July 23, 2018).\n\"Pizza Physics: Why Brick Ovens Bake The Perfect Italian-Style Pie\"\n.\nNPR\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 24, 2018\n. Retrieved\nJuly 25,\n2018\n.\n^\n\"pizza oven kits\"\n. Californo.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 26, 2018\n. Retrieved\nApril 23,\n2018\n.\n^\nDelpha, John (March 10, 2015).\nGrilled Pizza the Right Way: The Best Technique for Cooking Incredible Tasting Pizza & Flatbread on Your Barbecue Perfectly Chewy & Crispy Every Time\n. Page Street Publishing. p. 208.\nISBN\n \n978-1-62414-106-5\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 18,\n2025\n.\n^\nBraimbridge, Sophie; Glynn, Joanne (2005).\nFood of Italy\n. Murdoch Books. p. 167.\nISBN\n \n978-1-74045-464-3\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 14, 2016\n. Retrieved\nDecember 12,\n2015\n.\n^\nDeAngelis, Dominick A. (December 1, 2011).\nThe Art of Pizza Making: Trade Secrets and Recipes\n. The Creative Pizza Company. pp. \n20–\n28.\nISBN\n \n978-0-9632034-0-3\n.\n^\nAnderson, Sam (October 11, 2012).\n\"Go Ahead, Milk My Day\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on July 17, 2014\n. Retrieved\nNovember 7,\n2014\n.\n^\nFox, Patrick F.; et al. (2000).\nFundamentals of Cheese Science\n. Aspen Pub. p. 482.\nISBN\n \n978-0-8342-1260-2\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 14, 2016.\n^\n\"La pizza 4 fromages : origines et recettes\"\n. Restaurant le Quatre Vingt. May 31, 2017. Archived from\nthe original\non November 21, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2023\n.\n^\nArturo Iengo (2008).\nCucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City\n. New Holland Publishers. p. 126.\nISBN\n \n978-1-84537-989-6\n. Archived from\nthe original\non June 16, 2018\n. Retrieved\nDecember 12,\n2017\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Selezione geografica\"\n. Europa.eu.int. February 23, 2009. Archived from\nthe original\non February 18, 2005\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"\n. La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 20, 2024\n. Retrieved\nJune 18,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"La vera storia della pizza napoletana\"\n. Biografieonline.it. May 20, 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on June 29, 2013\n. Retrieved\nDecember 8,\n2015\n.\n^\nGuides, Rough (August 1, 2011). Rough Guides (ed.).\nRough Guide Phrasebook: Italian: Italian\n. Penguin. p. 244.\nISBN\n \n978-1-4053-8646-3\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 12, 2016\n. Retrieved\nDecember 12,\n2015\n.\n^\n\"What is Sicilian Pizza?\"\n.\nWiseGeek\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 14, 2013\n. Retrieved\nApril 14,\n2013\n.\n^\nGiorgio Locatelli (December 26, 2012).\nMade In Sicily\n. Harper Collins.\nISBN\n \n978-0-06-213038-9\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 2, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJuly 4,\n2013\n.\n^\nGangi, Roberta (2007).\n\"Sfincione\"\n. Best of Sicily Magazine. Archived from\nthe original\non April 2, 2014.\n^\n\"Torino: la riscoperta della pizza al padellino\"\n. Agrodolce. April 3, 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 8, 2015\n. Retrieved\nDecember 8,\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Pizza al padellino (o tegamino): che cos'è?\"\n. Gelapajo.it. Archived from\nthe original\non December 10, 2015\n. Retrieved\nDecember 8,\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Beniamino, il profeta della pizza gourmet\"\n. Torino – Repubblica.it. January 19, 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 8, 2015\n. Retrieved\nDecember 8,\n2015\n.\n^\nOtis, Ginger Adams (2010).\nNew York City 7\n. Lonely Planet. p. 256.\nISBN\n \n978-1741795912\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on February 21, 2022\n. Retrieved\nNovember 1,\n2012\n.\n^\nSintumuang, Kevin (September 8, 2021).\n\"So What Do You Call a Pizza With No Toppings?\"\n.\nEsquire\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on March 24, 2023\n. Retrieved\nJune 29,\n2025\n.\n^\nBovino, Arthur (August 13, 2018).\n\"Is America's Pizza Capital Buffalo, New York?\"\n.\nThe Daily Beast\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on February 21, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2019\n.\n^\nRhodes, Donna G.; Adler, Meghan E.; Clemens, John C.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna J.\n\"Consumption of Pizza\"\n(PDF)\n. Food Surveys Research Group.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on October 5, 2014\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 25,\n2014\n.\n^\nAeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000).\nThe Rough Guide to Argentina\n.\nRough Guides\n. p. 40.\nISBN\n \n978-185-828-569-6\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on November 3, 2023\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n– via\nGoogle Books\n.\n^\nPizzerías de valor patrimonial de Buenos Aires\n(2008), p. 11.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\nh\nLazar, Allie (April 25, 2016).\n\"Buenos Aires Makes Some of the World's Best (and Weirdest) Pizza\"\n.\nSaveur\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 10, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\nSorba, Pietro (October 15, 2021).\n\"La reivindicación de la pizza de molde argentina\"\n.\nClarín\n(in Spanish). Buenos Aires\n. Retrieved\nAugust 4,\n2023\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nGómez, Leire (July 17, 2015).\n\"Buenos Aires: la ciudad de la pizza\"\n.\nTapas\n(in Spanish). Madrid:\nSpainMedia\n [\nes\n]\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Margherita Pizza\"\n. La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021\n. Retrieved\nJune 18,\n2024\n.\n^\na\nb\nHidalgo, Joaquín; Auzmendi, Martín (October 6, 2018).\n\"De Nápoles a la Argentina: la historia de la pizza y cómo llegó a ser un emblema nacional\"\n.\nEntremujeres.\nClarín\n(in Spanish)\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nAcuña, Cecilia (June 26, 2017).\n\"La historia de la pizza argentina: ¿de dónde salió la media masa?\"\n.\nLa Nación\n(in Spanish)\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\nPepe Arias, Gimena (June 25, 2022).\n\"Pizza a la piedra vs. pizza al molde: dos estilos que dividen a los argentinos\"\n.\nClarín\n(in Spanish).\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 11, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\nFirpo, Hernán (October 20, 2018).\n\"Angelín cumple 80 años: mitos y verdades de una pizzería indispensable\"\n.\nClarín\n(in Spanish).\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 11, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 11,\n2022\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Tipos de pizzas en Argentina\"\n.\nDiario Democracia\n(in Spanish). Junín. January 10, 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 11, 2022\n. Retrieved\nDecember 11,\n2022\n.\n^\nBooth, Amy (May 10, 2022).\n\"Buenos Aires' unusual pizza topping\"\n.\nBBC Travel\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2022\n.\n^\nColognese, Marco.\n\"Sweet pizza, the new dessert in pizzeria\"\n.\npizzastories.le5stagioni.it\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 6, 2024\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"These Sweet Dessert Pizza Recipes Are A Little Slice Of Heaven\"\n.\nDelish\n. June 24, 2020\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Chocolate pizza\"\n.\nGood Food\n. BBC\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Chocolate Cookie Pizza\"\n. Betty Crocker.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 6, 2024\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Menu: Desserts\"\n. Pizza Express.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 6, 2024\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Menu\"\n. Pepe in Grani.\nArchived\nfrom the original on May 6, 2024\n. Retrieved\nMay 6,\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Basic Report 21299: Fast Food, Pizza Chain, 14\" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust\"\n. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. September 28, 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on April 3, 2019\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 28,\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Survey of pizzas\"\n. Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from\nthe original\non December 28, 2005\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Health: Fast food salt levels \"shocking\"\n\"\n. BBC News. October 18, 2007.\nArchived\nfrom the original on January 15, 2009\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Brick Oven Cecina\"\n. Fornobravo.com.\nArchived\nfrom the original on October 16, 2006\n. Retrieved\nApril 2,\n2009\n.\n^\nRiolo, A. (2012).\nThe Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook\n. American Diabetes Association. p. 260.\nISBN\n \n978-1-58040-483-9\n.\n^\nMcKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016).\n\"A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia\"\n.\nThe Independent\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on December 17, 2016\n. Retrieved\nDecember 10,\n2016\n.\n^\n\"hanamiweb.com\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non March 18, 2007\n. Retrieved\nDecember 7,\n2015\n.\n^\nJeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014).\nThe World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition [4 Volumes]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe\n. ABC-CLIO. p. 806.\nISBN\n \n9781610694698\n.\n^\nSamuelsson, Marcus (2006).\nThe soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa\n. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons.\nISBN\n \n978-0-7645-6911-1\n.\nOCLC\n \n61748426\n.\nFurther reading\nChudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012).\n\"An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza\"\n.\nQSR Magazine\n. Retrieved\nOctober 16,\n2012\n.\nDelpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015).\nGrilled Pizza the Right Way\n. Macmillan.\nISBN\n \n978-1-62414-106-5\n.\nHelstosky, Carol (2008).\nPizza: A Global History\n. London:\nReaktion Books\n.\nISBN\n \n978-1-86189-391-8\n.\nOCLC\n \n225876066\n.\nKliman, Todd (September 5, 2012).\n\"Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza\"\n.\nThe Washingtonian\n.\nExplanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, \"Gourmet\" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven.\nRaichlen, Steven (2008).\nThe Barbecue! Bible\n. Workman Publishing. pp. \n381–\n384.\nISBN\n \n978-0761149446\n.\n\"The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza\"\n.\nSaveur\n. Retrieved\nNovember 2,\n2014\n.\nExternal links","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pizza \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pizza \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pizza \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pizza \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza)\n- [1 Etymology](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Etymology)\n- [2 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#History)\n- [3 Preparation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Preparation)\n  Toggle Preparation subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Baking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Baking)\n  - [3\\.2 Crust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Crust)\n  - [3\\.3 Cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Cheese)\n- [4 Varieties and styles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Varieties_and_styles)\n  Toggle Varieties and styles subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Styles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Styles)\n  - [4\\.2 By region of origin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#By_region_of_origin)\n    - [4\\.2.1 Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Italy)\n    - [4\\.2.2 United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#United_States)\n    - [4\\.2.3 Argentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Argentina)\n  - [4\\.3 Dessert pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Dessert_pizza)\n- [5 Nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Nutrition)\n- [6 Similar dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Similar_dishes)\n- [7 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#See_also)\n- [8 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Notes)\n- [9 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#References)\n- [10 Further reading](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#Further_reading)\n- [11 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Pizza\n147 languages\n\n- [Afrikaans](https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Afrikaans\")\n- [Alemannisch](https:\/\/als.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Alemannic\")\n- [አማርኛ](https:\/\/am.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%9B \"ፒዛ – Amharic\")\n- [Aragonés](https:\/\/an.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Aragonese\")\n- [Ænglisc](https:\/\/ang.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neopolis_br%C4%81dhl%C4%81f \"Neopolis brādhlāf – Old English\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"بيتزا – Arabic\")\n- [الدارجة](https:\/\/ary.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پيتزا – Moroccan Arabic\")\n- [مصرى](https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پيتزا – Egyptian Arabic\")\n- [Asturianu](https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Asturian\")\n- [Azərbaycanca](https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Azerbaijani\")\n- [تۆرکجه](https:\/\/azb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیتزا – South Azerbaijani\")\n- [Башҡортса](https:\/\/ba.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Bashkir\")\n- [Basa Bali](https:\/\/ban.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Balinese\")\n- [Boarisch](https:\/\/bar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Bavarian\")\n- [Žemaitėška](https:\/\/bat-smg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C4%97ca \"Pėca – Samogitian\")\n- [Bikol Central](https:\/\/bcl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Central Bikol\")\n- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Піцца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Піца – Belarusian\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пица – Bulgarian\")\n- [भोजपुरी](https:\/\/bh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE \"पिज्जा – Bhojpuri\")\n- [Banjar](https:\/\/bjn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Banjar\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE \"পিৎজা – Bangla\")\n- [Brezhoneg](https:\/\/br.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Breton\")\n- [Bosanski](https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pica \"Pica – Bosnian\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Catalan\")\n- [Cebuano](https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Cebuano\")\n- [کوردی](https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیتزا – Central Kurdish\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Czech\")\n- [Cymraeg](https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Welsh\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Danish\")\n- [Dagbanli](https:\/\/dag.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Dagbani\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – German\")\n- [Zazaki](https:\/\/diq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Dimli\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1 \"Πίτσα – Greek\")\n- [Emiliàn e rumagnòl](https:\/\/eml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Emiliano-Romagnolo\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pico \"Pico – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Estonian\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیتزا – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – French\")\n- [Frysk](https:\/\/fy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Western Frisian\")\n- [Gaeilge](https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%ADotsa \"Píotsa – Irish\")\n- [Galego](https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Galician\")\n- [Ghanaian Pidgin](https:\/\/gpe.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Ghanaian Pidgin\")\n- [Farefare](https:\/\/gur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Frafra\")\n- [Hausa](https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Hausa\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%94 \"פיצה – Hebrew\")\n- [हिन्दी](https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE \"पिज़्ज़ा – Hindi\")\n- [Hrvatski](https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Croatian\")\n- [Magyar](https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Hungarian\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%81%D5%A1 \"Պիցցա – Armenian\")\n- [Արեւմտահայերէն](https:\/\/hyw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D5%93%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%81%D5%A1 \"Փիցցա – Western Armenian\")\n- [Interlingua](https:\/\/ia.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Interlingua\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piza \"Piza – Indonesian\")\n- [Ido](https:\/\/io.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Ido\")\n- [Íslenska](https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Icelandic\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%94%E3%82%B6 \"ピザ – Japanese\")\n- [Jawa](https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Javanese\")\n- [ქართული](https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90 \"პიცა – Georgian\")\n- [Qaraqalpaqsha](https:\/\/kaa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picca \"Picca – Kara-Kalpak\")\n- [Kumoring](https:\/\/kge.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Komering\")\n- [Қазақша](https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Kazakh\")\n- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6 \"ភីហ្សា – Khmer\")\n- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE \"ಪೀಟ್ಸಾ – Kannada\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%ED%94%BC%EC%9E%90 \"피자 – Korean\")\n- [کٲشُر](https:\/\/ks.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیٖزا – Kashmiri\")\n- [Kurdî](https:\/\/ku.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/P%C3%AEza \"Pîza – Kurdish\")\n- [Кыргызча](https:\/\/ky.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Kyrgyz\")\n- [Latina](https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Placenta_Neapolitana \"Placenta Neapolitana – Latin\")\n- [Lëtzebuergesch](https:\/\/lb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Luxembourgish\")\n- [Lingua Franca Nova](https:\/\/lfn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piza \"Piza – Lingua Franca Nova\")\n- [Limburgs](https:\/\/li.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Limburgish\")\n- [Lombard](https:\/\/lmo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Lombard\")\n- [Lingála](https:\/\/ln.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Lingala\")\n- [ລາວ](https:\/\/lo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2 \"ພິຊຊ່າ – Lao\")\n- [Lietuvių](https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pica \"Pica – Lithuanian\")\n- [Latviešu](https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pica \"Pica – Latvian\")\n- [Madhurâ](https:\/\/mad.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Madurese\")\n- [Malagasy](https:\/\/mg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Malagasy\")\n- [Māori](https:\/\/mi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parehe \"Parehe – Māori\")\n- [Македонски](https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пица – Macedonian\")\n- [മലയാളം](https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8 \"പിത്സ – Malayalam\")\n- [Монгол](https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Mongolian\")\n- [ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ](https:\/\/mni.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5 \"ꯄꯤꯓꯓꯥ – Manipuri\")\n- [Moore](https:\/\/mos.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Mossi\")\n- [मराठी](https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE \"पिझ्झा – Marathi\")\n- [Кырык мары](https:\/\/mrj.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Western Mari\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piza \"Piza – Malay\")\n- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC \"ပီဇာ – Burmese\")\n- [Napulitano](https:\/\/nap.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Neapolitan\")\n- [Nedersaksies](https:\/\/nds-nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Low Saxon\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk nynorsk](https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Norwegian Nynorsk\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Nouormand](https:\/\/nrm.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Norman\")\n- [Occitan](https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Occitan\")\n- [ଓଡ଼ିଆ](https:\/\/or.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE \"ପିଜା – Odia\")\n- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE \"ਪੀਜ਼ਾ – Punjabi\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Polish\")\n- [پنجابی](https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیزا – Western Punjabi\")\n- [Ποντιακά](https:\/\/pnt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1 \"Πίτσα – Pontic\")\n- [پښتو](https:\/\/ps.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پيزا – Pashto\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Portuguese\")\n- [Pinayuanan](https:\/\/pwn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/pizza \"pizza – Paiwan\")\n- [Runa Simi](https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Quechua\")\n- [Română](https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Romanian\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Russian\")\n- [Саха тыла](https:\/\/sah.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Yakut\")\n- [Sardu](https:\/\/sc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitza \"Pitza – Sardinian\")\n- [Sicilianu](https:\/\/scn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Sicilian\")\n- [Scots](https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Scots\")\n- [Srpskohrvatski \/ српскохрватски](https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Serbo-Croatian\")\n- [සිංහල](https:\/\/si.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F \"පීසා – Sinhala\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Simple English\")\n- [Slovenčina](https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Slovak\")\n- [Slovenščina](https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pica \"Pica – Slovenian\")\n- [Shqip](https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pica \"Pica – Albanian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пица – Serbian\")\n- [Sunda](https:\/\/su.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Sundanese\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Swedish\")\n- [Kiswahili](https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Swahili\")\n- [Ślůnski](https:\/\/szl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picca \"Picca – Silesian\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE \"பீத்சா – Tamil\")\n- [తెలుగు](https:\/\/te.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE \"పిజ్జా – Telugu\")\n- [Тоҷикӣ](https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B7%D0%BE \"Питзо – Tajik\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2 \"พิซซา – Thai\")\n- [Türkmençe](https:\/\/tk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Turkmen\")\n- [Tagalog](https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Tagalog\")\n- [Toki pona](https:\/\/tok.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/pan_kili_pi_ma_Italija \"pan kili pi ma Italija – Toki Pona\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Turkish\")\n- [Татарча \/ tatarça](https:\/\/tt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Пицца – Tatar\")\n- [ئۇيغۇرچە \/ Uyghurche](https:\/\/ug.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89 \"پىسسا قاتلىمى – Uyghur\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0 \"Піца – Ukrainian\")\n- [اردو](https:\/\/ur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7 \"پیزا – Urdu\")\n- [Oʻzbekcha \/ ўзбекча](https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitsa \"Pitsa – Uzbek\")\n- [Vèneto](https:\/\/vec.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pisa \"Pisa – Venetian\")\n- [Vepsän kel’](https:\/\/vep.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Picc \"Picc – Veps\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Vietnamese\")\n- [Winaray](https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Waray\")\n- [吴语](https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8C%B9%E8%90%A8 \"匹萨 – Wu\")\n- [ייִדיש](https:\/\/yi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%90 \"פיצא – Yiddish\")\n- [閩南語 \/ Bân-lâm-gí](https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"Pizza – Minnan\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%96%84%E9%A4%85 \"意大利薄餅 – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%8A%AB%E8%90%A8 \"披萨 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q177#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Pizza \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&action=edit)\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Pizza \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Pizza \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&oldid=1346950809 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pizza&id=1346950809&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPizza)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pizza&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza)\n- [Wikibooks](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Cookbook:Pizza)\n- [Wikiquote](https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Pizza)\n- [Wikivoyage](https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/Pizza_in_the_United_States_and_Canada)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q177 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected due to vandalism\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nItalian dish\n\n\"Pizzaiolo\" redirects here. For the restaurant chain, see [Pizzaiolo (restaurant chain)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizzaiolo_\$restaurant_chain\$ \"Pizzaiolo (restaurant chain)\"). For other uses, see [Pizza (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_\$disambiguation\$ \"Pizza (disambiguation)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/Pizza-3007395.jpg\/330px-Pizza-3007395.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza-3007395.jpg)A pizza divided into eight slices |   |\n| Type | [Flatbread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatbread \"Flatbread\") |\n| Course | One course meal |\n| Place of origin | [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy \"Italy\") |\n| Region or state | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\") |\n| Serving temperature | Hot or warm |\n| Main ingredients | Dough, sauce (usually [tomato sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_sauce \"Tomato sauce\")), cheese (typically [mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\")) |\n| Similar dishes | [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\"), [panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") |\n| [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) [Media: Pizza](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"commons:Pizza\") |   |\n\n|   |\n|---|\n| Part of a series on |\n| [Pizza]() |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Pizza_slice.png\/120px-Pizza_slice.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_slice.png) |\n| Main articles [History of pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_pizza \"History of pizza\") [Pizza delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_delivery \"Pizza delivery\") [List of pizza varieties by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country \"List of pizza varieties by country\") [List of pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_chains \"List of pizza chains\") [List of pizza franchises](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_franchises \"List of pizza franchises\") [List of frozen pizza brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Frozen_pizza_brands \"Category:Frozen pizza brands\") [Dollar slice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dollar_slice \"Dollar slice\") [Jumbo slice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jumbo_slice \"Jumbo slice\") [Pizza by the slice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\") |\n| Related articles [None Pizza with Left Beef](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/None_Pizza_with_Left_Beef \"None Pizza with Left Beef\") [Pentagon pizza theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pentagon_pizza_theory \"Pentagon pizza theory\") [Pizza cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cheese \"Pizza cheese\") [Pizza effect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_effect \"Pizza effect\") [Pizza-ghetti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza-ghetti \"Pizza-ghetti\") [Pizza party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_party \"Pizza party\") [Pizza Principle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Principle \"Pizza Principle\") [Pizza Rat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Rat \"Pizza Rat\") [Pizza theorem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_theorem \"Pizza theorem\") [Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev_Pizza_Hut_commercial \"Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial\") |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Pizza \"Template:Pizza\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Pizza \"Template talk:Pizza\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Pizza \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Pizza\") |\n\n**Pizza**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-2) is an [Italian dish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_cuisine \"Italian cuisine\") typically consisting of a flat base of [leavened](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leavening_agent \"Leavening agent\") [wheat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheat \"Wheat\")\\-based [dough](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dough \"Dough\") topped with [tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato \"Tomato\"), [cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese \"Cheese\"), and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven.\n\nThe term *pizza* was first recorded in AD 997, in a [Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin \"Latin\") manuscript from the [southern Italian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Italy \"Southern Italy\") town of [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), in Lazio, on the border with [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3) [Raffaele Esposito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raffaele_Esposito \"Raffaele Esposito\") is often credited for creating the modern pizza in [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Schwartz-4)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Dickie-5)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Orsini-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-7) In 2009, [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\")[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-8) was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed \"Traditional speciality guaranteed\") (TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intangible_cultural_heritage \"Intangible cultural heritage\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9)\n\nPizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including [pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizzeria \"Pizzeria\"), [Mediterranean restaurants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean_cuisine \"Mediterranean cuisine\"), via [delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_delivery \"Pizza delivery\"), and as [street food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Street_food \"Street food\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Miller-10) In Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-11)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-12) In casual settings, however, it is typically [cut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cutter \"Pizza cutter\") into slices to be eaten [while held in the hand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger_food \"Finger food\"). Pizza is also sold in [grocery stores](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grocery_stores \"Grocery stores\") in a variety of forms, including [frozen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_food \"Frozen food\") or as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven.\n\nIn 2017, the world pizza market was US\\$128 billion; in the US, it was \\$44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-13) Overall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-14)\n\n## Etymology\nThe oldest recorded usage of the word *pizza* is thought to be from May 997 AD, appearing in the *[Codex diplomaticus Caietanus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_diplomaticus_Caietanus \"Codex diplomaticus Caietanus\")*, a notarial [Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin \"Latin\") document from the town of [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), then still part of the [Byzantine Empire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byzantine_Empire \"Byzantine Empire\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-pizza-origin-telegraph-15) The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta *duodecim pizze* (lit. 'twelve pizzas'),[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-codex1887-16) a [pork shoulder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pork_shoulder \"Pork shoulder\") and kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on [Easter Sunday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Easter_Sunday \"Easter Sunday\").[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17)\n\nSuggested etymologies include:\n\n- [Byzantine Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byzantine_Greek \"Byzantine Greek\") and [Late Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Late_Latin \"Late Latin\") *pitta* \\> *pizza*, *cf.* Modern Greek [pitta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pita \"Pita\") bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then [Byzantine Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catepanate_of_Italy \"Catepanate of Italy\")) *pitta*,[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-18) a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word *pitta* can in turn be traced to either [Ancient Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greek \"Ancient Greek\") πικτή (*pikte*), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became *picta*, or Ancient Greek πίσσα (*pissa*, [Attic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attic_Greek \"Attic Greek\"): πίττα, *pitta*), 'pitch',[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-19)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-20) or πήτεα (*pḗtea*), 'bran' (πητίτης, *pētítēs*, 'bran bread').[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-21)\n- The *[Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vocabolario_etimologico_della_lingua_italiana \"it:Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana\")* explains it as coming from dialectal *pinza*, 'clamp', as in modern Italian *pinze*, 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin *pinsere*, 'to pound, stamp'.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-22)\n- The [Lombardic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombardic_language \"Lombardic language\") word *bizzo* or *pizzo*, meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words *bit* and *bite*), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [Lombards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombards \"Lombards\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-23) The shift b→p could be explained by the [High German consonant shift](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_German_consonant_shift \"High German consonant shift\"), and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word *Imbiss* means 'snack'.\n\nA person who makes pizza is known as a *pizzaiolo*.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-24)\n\nThe word *pizza* was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called \"tomato pie\" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-25)\n\n## History\nMain article: [History of pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_pizza \"History of pizza\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg\/250px-Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)\n\nAn illustration from 1830 of a *pizzaiolo* in Naples\n\nRecords of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the [Persian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_people \"Persian people\") soldiers of the [Achaemenid Empire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achaemenid_Empire \"Achaemenid Empire\") during the rule of [Darius the Great](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darius_the_Great \"Darius the Great\") baked flatbreads with cheese and [dates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Date_\$fruits\$ \"Date (fruits)\") on top of their battle shields[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-26)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-27) and the [ancient Greeks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greeks \"Ancient Greeks\") supplemented their bread with [oils](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetable_oil \"Vegetable oil\"), herbs, and cheese.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-28)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-29) An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the *[Aeneid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeneid \"Aeneid\")*, when Celaeno, queen of the [Harpies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harpies \"Harpies\"), foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, [Aeneas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeneas \"Aeneas\") and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the \"tables\" prophesied by Celaeno.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-30) In 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in [Pompeii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pompeii \"Pompeii\") appearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it \"may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish\".[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-31)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-32) The first mention of the word *pizza* seemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997 AD from [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), demanding a payment of \"twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day\".[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17)\n\nModern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) Before that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims,[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) although it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the [Columbian Exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbian_Exchange \"Columbian Exchange\"). Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have *stanze* with tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-34)\n\nA popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza, [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\"),[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-35) was invented in 1889, when the [Royal Palace of Capodimonte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Palace_of_Capodimonte \"Royal Palace of Capodimonte\") commissioned the Neapolitan *[pizzaiolo](https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pizzaiolo \"wiktionary:pizzaiolo\")* ('pizza maker') [Raffaele Esposito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raffaele_Esposito \"Raffaele Esposito\") to create a pizza in honor of the visiting [Queen Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Margherita \"Queen Margherita\"). Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the [Italian flag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_flag \"Italian flag\")—red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen,[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-36) with an official letter of recognition from the queen's \"head of service\" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-37) Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-38)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-39)\n\nPizza was taken to the United States by [Italian immigrants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian-American \"Italian-American\") in the late 19th century[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-40) and first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria, [Lombardi's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombardi%27s \"Lombardi's\"), opened in New York City in 1905.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-inside-41) Italian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Chogath_Kog'sante-42)\n\nThe Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'True Neapolitan Pizza Association') is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\").[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-AVPN-43) In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed \"Traditional speciality guaranteed\") (TSG) dish,[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-44)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-45) and in 2017 the art of its making was included on [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intangible_cultural_heritage \"Intangible cultural heritage\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9)\n\n## Preparation\nPizza is sold fresh or [frozen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_food \"Frozen food\"), whole or in [portion-size slices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\"). Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts.\n\nIn the US, another form of pizza is available from [take and bake pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take_and_bake_pizzeria \"Take and bake pizzeria\"). This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own [ovens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conventional_ovens \"Conventional ovens\"). Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven.\n\n- Pizza preparation\n- [![Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Pizza_1_bg.jpg\/330px-Pizza_1_bg.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_1_bg.jpg \"Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof\")\n  Pizza dough being [kneaded](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kneading \"Kneading\") before being left undisturbed and allowed time to [proof](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proofing_\$baking_technique\$ \"Proofing (baking technique)\")\n- [![Tossing pizza dough to stretch it](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8e\/Pizza_being_tossed.jpg\/250px-Pizza_being_tossed.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_being_tossed.jpg \"Tossing pizza dough to stretch it\")\n  Tossing pizza dough to stretch it\n- [![An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Neapolitan_pizza.jpg\/330px-Neapolitan_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Neapolitan_pizza.jpg \"An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven\")\n  An unbaked [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") on a metal [peel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peel_\$tool\$ \"Peel (tool)\"), ready for the oven\n- [![A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Frozen_pizza.jpg\/330px-Frozen_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Frozen_pizza.jpg \"A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home\")\n  A wrapped, [mass-produced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-produced \"Mass-produced\") frozen pizza to be baked at home\n### Baking\nIn restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with [fire bricks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_brick \"Fire brick\") above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a [conveyor belt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conveyor_belt \"Conveyor belt\") oven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired [brick oven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brick_oven \"Brick oven\"). The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called \"[peel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peel_\$tool\$ \"Peel (tool)\")\", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-46) When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a [pizza stone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_stone \"Pizza stone\") in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-47) Some home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries,[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-48) in order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as [Sicilian pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_pizza \"Sicilian pizza\"), are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-49)\n\nMost restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas. [Mass production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_production \"Mass production\") of pizza by [chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_chain \"Pizza chain\") can be completely automated.\n\n- Pizza baking\n- [![Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg\/960px-Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg \"Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven\")\n  Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired [brick oven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brick_oven \"Brick oven\")\n- [![A pizza being removed with a wooden peel](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg\/500px-Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg \"A pizza being removed with a wooden peel\")\n  A pizza being removed with a wooden peel\n- [![A pizza Margherita](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg\/500px-Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg \"A pizza Margherita\")\n  A [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\")\n- [![Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg\/330px-Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg \"Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza\")\n  Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza\n- [![Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Grilled_pizza_2.jpg\/330px-Grilled_pizza_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Grilled_pizza_2.jpg \"Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range\")\n  Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range\n### Crust\nThe bottom of the pizza, called the \"crust\", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") or thick as in a deep-dish [Chicago-style](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\"). It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the *cornicione*.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-50) Some pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-51)\n\n### Cheese\nMain article: [Pizza cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cheese \"Pizza cheese\")\n\n[Mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\") is commonly used on pizza, with the [buffalo mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo_mozzarella \"Buffalo mozzarella\") produced in the surroundings of Naples.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-52) Other cheeses are also used, particularly [burrata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burrata \"Burrata\"), [Gorgonzola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gorgonzola \"Gorgonzola\"), [provolone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provolone \"Provolone\"), *[pecorino romano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pecorino_romano \"Pecorino romano\")*, [ricotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ricotta \"Ricotta\"), and *[scamorza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scamorza \"Scamorza\")*. Less expensive [processed cheeses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Processed_cheese \"Processed cheese\") or [cheese analogues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_analogue \"Cheese analogue\") have been developed for [mass-market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-market \"Mass-market\") pizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable [shelf life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shelf_life \"Shelf life\"). This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of [vegetable oil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetable_oil \"Vegetable oil\"), manufacturing and culture processes, [denatured](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denaturation_\$biochemistry\$ \"Denaturation (biochemistry)\") whey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-53)\n\n## Varieties and styles\nMain article: [List of pizza varieties by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country \"List of pizza varieties by country\")\n\nA great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\")). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines.\n\nThe following lists show some notable pizza varieties:\n\n| Image | Name | Characteristic ingredients | Origin | First attested | Notes |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/Pizza_marinara.jpg\/250px-Pizza_marinara.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_marinara.jpg) | [Pizza marinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_marinara \"Pizza marinara\") | Tomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese. | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy | 1734 | One of the oldest Neapolitan pizza. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg\/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) | [Pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\") | Tomatoes, mozzarella, basil. | Naples, Italy | June 1889 | The archetypical [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\"). |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Pizza_capricciosa.jpg\/250px-Pizza_capricciosa.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_capricciosa.jpg) | [Pizza capricciosa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_capricciosa \"Pizza capricciosa\") | Ham, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes. | [Rome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome \"Rome\"), Lazio, Italy | 1937 | Similar to [pizza quattro stagioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_stagioni \"Pizza quattro stagioni\"), but with toppings mixed rather than separated. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg\/250px-Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg) | [Pizza quattro stagioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_stagioni \"Pizza quattro stagioni\") | Artichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes. | [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\"), Italy |   | The toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg\/250px-Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant,_Chalk_Farm_Road,_London.jpg) | [Pizza quattro formaggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_formaggi \"Pizza quattro formaggi\") | Prepared using four types of cheese (Italian: [\\[ˈkwattro forˈmaddʒi\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Italian \"Help:IPA\/Italian\"), 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region. | [Lazio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazio \"Lazio\"), Italy | Its origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-54) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Seafood_pizza_\$1\$.jpg) | [Seafood pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seafood_pizza \"Seafood pizza\") | Seafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid. | Italy |   | Subvarieties include *pizza ai frutti di mare* (no cheese) and *pizza pescatore* (with mussels or squid). |\n### Styles\n| Image | Name | Characteristics | Origin | First attested |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/CalzoneAlForno.jpg\/250px-CalzoneAlForno.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CalzoneAlForno.jpg) | [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") | Pizza folded in half [turnover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turnover_\$food\$ \"Turnover (food)\")\\-style, baked. | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg\/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_\$Lyon\$_-_2.jpg) | [Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") | Similar to a calzone, but fried. | [Apulia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apulia \"Apulia\"), Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_\$1\$.jpg) | [Deep fried pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_fried_pizza \"Deep fried pizza\") (*pizza fritta*) | The pizza is [deep fried](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_fried \"Deep fried\") (cooked in oil) instead of baked. | Naples, Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg\/250px-Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg) | *Pizzetta* | Small pizza served as an [hors d'oeuvre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hors_d%27oeuvre \"Hors d'oeuvre\") or [snack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snack \"Snack\"). | Italy |   |\n\n| Image | Name | Characteristics | Origin | First attested |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c9\/California_club_pizza.jpg\/250px-California_club_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:California_club_pizza.jpg) | [California-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California-style_pizza \"California-style pizza\") | Distinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce. | California, U.S. | 1980 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg\/250px-Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg) | [Chicago-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\") | Baked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. | [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago \"Chicago\"), U.S. | c. 1940s |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/75\/Colorado_Pizza.jpg\/250px-Colorado_Pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colorado_Pizza.jpg) | [Colorado-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado-style_pizza \"Colorado-style pizza\") | Made with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment. | [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado \"Colorado\"), U.S. | 1973 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png\/250px-Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png) | [Detroit-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit-style_pizza \"Detroit-style pizza\") | The cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge. | [Detroit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit \"Detroit\"), U.S. | 1946 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg\/250px-Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_\$72126\$.jpg) | [New Haven–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New Haven–style pizza\") | Distinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring. | [New Haven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven,_Connecticut \"New Haven, Connecticut\"), U.S. | 1925 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg\/250px-Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg) | [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\") | Neapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust. | [New York metropolitan area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_metropolitan_area \"New York metropolitan area\") (and beyond) | Early 1900s |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG\/250px-Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG) | [St. Louis–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza \"St. Louis–style pizza\") | The style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges. | [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\"), U.S. | 1945 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg\/250px-Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg) | [Windsor–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windsor%E2%80%93style_pizza \"Windsor–style pizza\") | Distinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms. | [Windsor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windsor,_Ontario \"Windsor, Ontario\"), Canada | 1950s |\n### By region of origin\n#### Italy\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg\/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)\n\nThe ingredients of traditional [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\")—tomatoes (red), [mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\") (white), and [basil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basil \"Basil\") (green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national [flag of Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Italy \"Flag of Italy\").[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-55)\n\nAuthentic [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") (Italian: *pizza napoletana*) is made with [San Marzano tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Marzano_tomato \"San Marzano tomato\"), grown on the volcanic plains south of [Mount Vesuvius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Vesuvius \"Mount Vesuvius\"), and either *[mozzarella di bufala campana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella_di_bufala_campana \"Mozzarella di bufala campana\")*, made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\") and [Lazio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazio \"Lazio\"),[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) or *[fior di latte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\")*.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-57) Buffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European [protected designation of origin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protected_designation_of_origin \"Protected designation of origin\") (PDO).[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) Other traditional pizzas include [pizza marinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_marinara \"Pizza marinara\"), supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza,[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-58) and [pizza capricciosa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_capricciosa \"Pizza capricciosa\"), which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-59)\n\nA popular variant of pizza in Italy is [Sicilian pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_pizza \"Sicilian pizza\"),[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-WiseGeek-60)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-61) a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in [Sicily](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicily \"Sicily\"): it is essentially a [focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Gangi2007-62) Other variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example *pizza al padellino* or *pizza al tegamino*, a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in [Turin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turin \"Turin\"), Piedmont.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-63)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-64)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-65)\n\n#### United States\nMain article: [Pizza in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_in_the_United_States \"Pizza in the United States\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg\/250px-Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)\n\nPizza banquet in the [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House \"White House\") serving [Chicago-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\") (2009)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/NewYorkSlices.jpg\/250px-NewYorkSlices.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:NewYorkSlices.jpg)\n\nCaramelized crust of [slices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\") of [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\")\n\nThe first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's [Little Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Italy,_Manhattan \"Little Italy, Manhattan\") in 1905.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-LonelyPlanet-66) Common toppings for pizza in the United States include [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"), ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers, [pepperoni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pepperoni \"Pepperoni\"), pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a \"cheese pizza\" or a \"plain pizza\".[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Sintumuang-67) Distinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including [Buffalo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York \"Buffalo, New York\"),[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-68) [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California-style_pizza \"California-style pizza\"), [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_dish_pizza \"Deep dish pizza\"), [Detroit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit-style_pizza \"Detroit-style pizza\"), [Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_pizza \"Greek pizza\"), [New Haven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New Haven–style pizza\"), [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\"), and [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza \"St. Louis–style pizza\") styles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, [rolled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_rolls \"Pizza rolls\"), and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings.\n\nThirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-69) [Pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_chains_of_the_United_States \"List of pizza chains of the United States\") such as [Domino's Pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domino%27s_Pizza \"Domino's Pizza\"), [Pizza Hut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Hut \"Pizza Hut\"), and [Papa John's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papa_John%27s \"Papa John's\"), pizzas from [take and bake pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take_and_bake_pizzeria \"Take and bake pizzeria\"), and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. [Pizza by the slice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\") is available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\"), where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors.\n\n#### Argentina\nMain article: [Argentine pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_pizza \"Argentine pizza\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png\/250px-Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)\n\nTraditional [Argentine-style pizzas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_pizza \"Argentine pizza\") *de molde* being prepared at a pizzeria in [Buenos Aires](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires \"Buenos Aires\")\n\n[Argentine pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_pizza \"Argentine pizza\") is a mainstay of the [country's cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_cuisine \"Argentine cuisine\"),[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-rough-70) especially of its capital [Buenos Aires](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires \"Buenos Aires\"), where it is regarded as a [cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_heritage \"Cultural heritage\") and [icon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_icon \"Cultural icon\") of the city.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Pizza11-71)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-picsa-73) Argentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year).[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) As such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) The dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive [Italian immigration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Argentines \"Italian Argentines\"), as part of a broader [great European immigration wave to the country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina \"Great European immigration wave to Argentina\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) Thus, around the same time that the iconic [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\")[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-75) was being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) In the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77)[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76)\n\nThe most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called *pizza de molde* (Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a \"thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust\".[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) This style, which today\\[*[when?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\] is identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a [main course](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_course \"Main course\").[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) The name *pizza de molde* emerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Since they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas, *fugazzetas* or *fugazzas*.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78)\n\nOther styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic *[fugazza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fugazza \"Fugazza\")* and its derivative *fugazzeta* or *fugazza con queso* (a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria),[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) or the *pizza de cancha* or *canchera* (a cheese-less variant).[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-79) Most pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed \"*muza*\" or \"*musa*\"; the *napolitana* or \"*napo*\", with \"cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives\", not to be confused with [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\");[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) *calabresa*, with slices of *[longaniza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longaniza \"Longaniza\")*;[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) *jamon y morrones*, with sliced [ham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ham \"Ham\") and roasted [bell peppers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_peppers \"Bell peppers\");[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) as well as versions with [provolone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provolone \"Provolone\"), with [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"),[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) with [hearts of palm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hearts_of_palm \"Hearts of palm\"), or with chopped [hard boiled egg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_boiled_egg \"Hard boiled egg\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) A typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with *[fainá](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fain%C3%A1 \"Fainá\")*, a pancake made from [chickpea flour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chickpea_flour \"Chickpea flour\").[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-81)\n\n### Dessert pizza\nThe terms *dessert pizza* and *sweet pizza* are used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including [chocolate pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_pizza \"Chocolate pizza\") and [fruit pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fruit_pizza \"Fruit pizza\").[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-82)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-83) Some are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base,[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-84) while others have a [cookie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookie \"Cookie\")\\-like base[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-85) and resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas.[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-86)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-87)\n\n## Nutrition\nMany [mass-produced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-produced \"Mass-produced\") pizzas by American [pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_chain \"Pizza chain\") have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in [calories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_energy \"Food energy\"). The [USDA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USDA \"USDA\") reports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-88)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-89)[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-90)\n\n## Similar dishes\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg\/250px-Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)\n\n*[Focaccia al rosmarino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia#Focaccia_al_rosmarino \"Focaccia\")*\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg\/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_\$Lyon\$_-_2.jpg)\n\n[Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\")\n\n- [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") and [stromboli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stromboli_\$food\$ \"Stromboli (food)\") are similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling.\n- *[Coca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coca_\$pastry\$ \"Coca (pastry)\")* is a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions.\n- *[Farinata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farinata \"Farinata\")* or *cecina* is a Ligurian (*farinata*) and Tuscan (*cecina*) regional dish.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-91) It is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice.\n- *[Flammekueche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flammekueche \"Flammekueche\")* is a food speciality of the Alsace region.\n- [Focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") is a flat [leavened](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leavening_agent \"Leavening agent\") oven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called *pizza bianca* (\n  lit.\n  'white pizza').[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Riolo_2012-92)\n- [Garlic fingers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garlic_fingers \"Garlic fingers\") is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon.\n- *[İçli pide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_pide \"İçli pide\")*, or simply *pide*, is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as \"Turkish pizza\".\n- *[Khachapuri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khachapuri \"Khachapuri\")* is a Georgian cheese-filled bread.\n- *[Lahmacun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lahmacun \"Lahmacun\")* is a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-93)\n- *[Manakish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manakish \"Manakish\")* is a Levantine flatbread dish.\n- [Matzah pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matzah_pizza \"Matzah pizza\") is a Jewish pizza dish.\n- *[Okonomiyaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okonomiyaki \"Okonomiyaki\")*, often referred to as \"Japanese pizza\", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-94)\n- [Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") are similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked.\n- *[Pastrmajlija](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastrmajlija \"Pastrmajlija\")* (nicknamed Macedonian pizza)[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-95) is a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it.\n- *[Piadina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piadina \"Piadina\")* is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region.\n- [Pinsa (bread)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinsa_\$bread\$ \"Pinsa (bread)\") is a flatbread with sauce applied after baking.\n- *[Pissaladière](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pissaladi%C3%A8re \"Pissaladière\")* is similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions, [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"), and olives.\n- [Pizza bagel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_bagel \"Pizza bagel\") is a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas.\n- [Pizza cake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cake \"Pizza cake\") is a multiple-layer pizza.\n- [Pizza rolls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_rolls \"Pizza rolls\") are a frozen snack product.\n- [Pizza strips](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_strips \"Pizza strips\") is a tomato pie of Italian-American origin.\n- [Sfiha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sfiha \"Sfiha\") is a Levantine flatbread with toppings.\n- *[Wähe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C3%A4he \"Wähe\")* is a Swiss type of tart.\n- Zanzibar pizza is a street food served in [Stone Town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stone_Town \"Stone Town\"), Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like [filo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filo \"Filo\") dough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan *[basṭīla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastilla \"Pastilla\")*.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-96)\n- *[Zwiebelkuchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zwiebelkuchen \"Zwiebelkuchen\")* is a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds.\n## See also\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Pizzas](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Pizzas \"commons:Category:Pizzas\") at Wikimedia Commons\n\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/0\/03\/Flag_of_Italy.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png)[Italy portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Italy \"Portal:Italy\")\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Foodlogo2.svg\/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foodlogo2.svg)[Food portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Food \"Portal:Food\")\n\n- [List of baked goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_baked_goods \"List of baked goods\")\n- [List of pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_chains \"List of pizza chains\")\n- [List of pizza varieties by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country \"List of pizza varieties by country\")\n- [Pizza cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cheese \"Pizza cheese\") – cheese for use specifically on pizza\n- [Pizza delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_delivery \"Pizza delivery\") – service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer\n- [Pizza farm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_farm \"Pizza farm\") – farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices\n- [Pizza party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_party \"Pizza party\") – social gathering at which pizza is eaten\n- [Pizza saver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_saver \"Pizza saver\") – object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing\n- [Pizza theorem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_theorem \"Pizza theorem\") – equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point\n- [Pizza in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_in_the_United_States \"Pizza in the United States\")\n## Notes\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-2)** English: [\/ˈpiːtsə\/](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English \"Help:IPA\/English\") [*PEET\\-sə*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key \"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\"),[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-1) Italian: [\\[ˈpittsa\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Italian \"Help:IPA\/Italian\"), Neapolitan: [\\[ˈpittsə\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Neapolitan \"Help:IPA\/Neapolitan\").\n## References\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"144843\"](https:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/144843). *[Oxford English Dictionary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary \"Oxford English Dictionary\")* (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.\n   \n   (Subscription or [participating institution membership](https:\/\/www.oed.com\/public\/login\/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.)\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-1)\n   Maiden, Martin. [\"Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030115224054\/http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/library\/pizza.html). *yourDictionary.com*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/library\/pizza.html) on January 15, 2003.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0)**\n   Schwartz, Arthur (1998). *Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania*. Harper Collins. p. 68. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9780060182618](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780060182618 \"Special:BookSources\/9780060182618\")\n   \n   .\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Dickie_5-0)**\n   Dickie, John (2008). *Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food*. p. 186.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Orsini_6-0)**\n   Orsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007). *Italian Baking Secrets*. p. 99.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130207192931\/http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). *ITALY Magazine*. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2022.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240620005634\/https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-1)\n   [\"Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/dec\/07\/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status). *The Guardian*. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0261-3077](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0261-3077). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171207084312\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/dec\/07\/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status) from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Miller_10-0)**\n   Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). [\"American Pie\"](http:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/content\/american-pie). *[American Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Heritage_\$magazine\$ \"American Heritage (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120203155552\/http:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/content\/american-pie) from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-11)**\n    Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). [\"How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/food\/2019\/sep\/06\/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza). *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*. London. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190914233416\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/food\/2019\/sep\/06\/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza) from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-12)**\n    Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). [\"Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2014\/01\/13\/262087618\/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit). The Salt (blog). [National Public Radio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Public_Radio \"National Public Radio\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190920211635\/https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2014\/01\/13\/262087618\/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit) from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-13)**\n    Hynum, Rick (December 2016). [\"Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report\"](http:\/\/www.pmq.com\/December-2016\/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report\/). *PMQ Pizza Magazine*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170729002308\/http:\/\/www.pmq.com\/December-2016\/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report\/) from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-14)**\n    Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). [\"Consumption of Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). *Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11*. USDA. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170930194112\/https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-pizza-origin-telegraph_15-0)**\n    Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). [\"Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?\"](https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/foodanddrink\/foodanddrinknews\/11408256\/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html). *[The Daily Telegraph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph \"The Daily Telegraph\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241102223327\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/foodanddrink\/foodanddrinknews\/11408256\/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html) from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2025. \"Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the \"codex diplomaticus cajtanus\" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano.\"\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-codex1887_16-0)**\n    [*Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=R7pEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181). Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. \"*Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli.*\"\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-1)\n    [\"Sorpresa: la parola \"pizza\" è nata a Gaeta\"](https:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2015\/02\/09\/news\/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635\/) \\[Surprise: the word \"pizza\" was born in Gaeta\\]. *La Repubblica* (in Italian). February 9, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211116203026\/https:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2015\/02\/09\/news\/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635\/) from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-18)**\n    Babiniotis, Georgios (2005).\n    \n    Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας\n    \n    \\[*[Dictionary of Modern Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dictionary_of_Modern_Greek \"Dictionary of Modern Greek\")*\\] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-960-86190-1-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-960-86190-1-2 \"Special:BookSources\/978-960-86190-1-2\")\n    \n    .\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=pizza). *Online Etymology Dictionary*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071024174005\/http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=pizza) from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-20)**\n    [\"*Pissa*, Liddell and Scott, \"A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus\"](https:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/cgi-bin\/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267). Perseus.tufts.edu. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104553\/http:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267&redirect=true) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/search?q=pizza&r=66). Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-22)** [\"pizza\"](http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pizza) ([Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104555\/https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/search?q=pizza) February 21, 2022, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")), *Online Etymology Dictionary*.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.garzantilinguistica.it\/ricerca\/?q=pizza). *Garzanti Linguistica*. De Agostini Scuola Spa. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140201194513\/http:\/\/www.garzantilinguistica.it\/ricerca\/?q=pizza) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-24)**\n    Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). [\"Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home\/). [CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\").\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-25)**\n    Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). [\"The Many Lives of Tomato Pie\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/10\/06\/dining\/tomato-pie-pizza.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). Retrieved October 15, 2023.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-26)**\n    Barrett, Liz (2014). [*Pizza, A Slice of American History*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vPCuBAAAQBAJ). Voyageur Press. p. 13. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-7603-4560-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-4560-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-4560-3\")\n    \n    .\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-27)**\n    Edwards, W. P. (2007). [*The Science of Bakery Products*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-85404-486-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-85404-486-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-85404-486-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20260110044022\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199) from the original on January 10, 2026. Retrieved February 18, 2025.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-28)**\n    Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). *Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles*. Lulu publishers. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1304961358](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1304961358 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1304961358\")\n    \n    .\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-29)**\n    Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). *Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table*. Firefly. p. 78.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170329051513\/http:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy) on March 29, 2017.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-66031341). *BBC News*. [BBC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC \"BBC\"). June 17, 2023. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230627173311\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-66031341) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii\"](https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2023-06-28\/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii\/102533868). *ABC News*. June 27, 2023. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230627233613\/https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2023-06-28\/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii\/102533868) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023.\n32. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-1)\n    Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-86189-391-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8\")\n    \n    .\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-34)**\n    [de Sanctis, Francesco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_de_Sanctis \"Francesco de Sanctis\"). *La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico*. p. 39. \"In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità.\"\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Margherita Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/recipe\/pizza\/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130207192931\/http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). *Italy Magazine*. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2012.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-37)**\n    Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). [*La Bella Lingua*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_f9cU9A5l-0C) (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0767932110](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0767932110 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0767932110\")\n    \n    . Retrieved August 29, 2024.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-38)**\n    [\"Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121231225517\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/food\/0\/20515123). *BBC Food*. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/food\/0\/20515123) on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-39)**\n    Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). [\"Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita\"](https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263340437). *Food, Culture & Society*. **17** (1): 103–124\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.2752\/175174414X13828682779249](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2752%2F175174414X13828682779249). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1552-8014](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1552-8014). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [142371201](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:142371201). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240318133729\/https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263340437_Folklore_Fakelore_History_Invented_Tradition_and_the_Origins_of_the_Pizza_Margherita) from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2023.\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-40)**\n    Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. Reaktion Books. p. 48. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-86189-630-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-630-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-630-8\")\n    \n    .\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-inside_41-0)**\n    Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). *Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City*. New York: Free Press. pp. 194–95\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1416589976](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1416589976 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1416589976\")\n    \n    .\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Chogath_Kog'sante_42-0)**\n    Turim, Gayle. [\"A Slice of History: Pizza Through the Ages\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141218222816\/http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/hungry-history\/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages). *[History.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History.com \"History.com\")*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/hungry-history\/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2026.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-AVPN_43-0)**\n    [\"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)\"](http:\/\/www.pizzanapoletana.org\/eng_chisiamo.php). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170709015157\/http:\/\/www.pizzanapoletana.org\/eng_chisiamo.php) from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-44)** Official Journal of the European Union, [Commission regulation (EU) No 97\/2010](http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130603155915\/http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) June 3, 2013, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), February 5, 2010.\n44. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-45)** International Trademark Association, [European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains \"Traditional Speciality Guaranteed\" status](http:\/\/www.inta.org\/INTABulletin\/Pages\/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140819084957\/http:\/\/www.inta.org\/INTABulletin\/Pages\/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) August 19, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), April 1, 2010.\n45. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-46)**\n    Owens, Martin J. (2003). [*Make Great Pizza at Home*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3). Taste of America Press. p. 3. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-9744470-0-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-9744470-0-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-9744470-0-1\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160527174523\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3) from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-47)**\n    Chen, Angus (July 23, 2018). [\"Pizza Physics: Why Brick Ovens Bake The Perfect Italian-Style Pie\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2018\/07\/23\/630544154\/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie). [NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180724111753\/https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2018\/07\/23\/630544154\/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie) from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"pizza oven kits\"](https:\/\/www.californo.co\/collections\/pizza-oven-kits\/). Californo. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180426080338\/https:\/\/www.californo.co\/collections\/pizza-oven-kits\/) from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-49)**\n    Delpha, John (March 10, 2015). [*Grilled Pizza the Right Way: The Best Technique for Cooking Incredible Tasting Pizza & Flatbread on Your Barbecue Perfectly Chewy & Crispy Every Time*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Page Street Publishing. p. 208. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-62414-106-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5\")\n    \n    . Retrieved September 18, 2025.\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-50)**\n    Braimbridge, Sophie; Glynn, Joanne (2005). [*Food of Italy*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nXUkqkBA-DkC&pg=PA167). Murdoch Books. p. 167. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-74045-464-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-74045-464-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-74045-464-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160614000129\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nXUkqkBA-DkC&pg=PA167) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-51)**\n    DeAngelis, Dominick A. (December 1, 2011). *The Art of Pizza Making: Trade Secrets and Recipes*. The Creative Pizza Company. pp. 20–28\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-9632034-0-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-9632034-0-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-9632034-0-3\")\n    \n    .\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-52)**\n    Anderson, Sam (October 11, 2012). [\"Go Ahead, Milk My Day\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/10\/14\/magazine\/buffalo-mozzarella-craig-ramini.html?pagewanted=all). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140717093819\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/10\/14\/magazine\/buffalo-mozzarella-craig-ramini.html?pagewanted=all) from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.\n52. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-53)**\n    Fox, Patrick F.; et al. (2000). [*Fundamentals of Cheese Science*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-oRp5VCVTQQC&q=pizza+cheese&pg=PA482). Aspen Pub. p. 482. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-8342-1260-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8342-1260-2 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8342-1260-2\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160514100205\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-oRp5VCVTQQC&pg=PA482&dq=pizza+cheese) from the original on May 14, 2016.\n53. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-54)**\n    [\"La pizza 4 fromages : origines et recettes\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221121153146\/https:\/\/le80.fr\/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes\/). Restaurant le Quatre Vingt. May 31, 2017. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/le80.fr\/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes\/) on November 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2023.\n54. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-55)**\n    Arturo Iengo (2008). [*Cucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180616053516\/https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&pg=PA126&dq=pizzeria+Brandi&hl=it&sa=X&ei=N6-EU6bFMKGs0QX3poCIAQ&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ). New Holland Publishers. p. 126. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-84537-989-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-84537-989-6 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-84537-989-6\")\n    \n    . Archived from [the original](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&q=pizzeria+Brandi&pg=PA126) on June 16, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2017.\n55. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Selezione_geografica_56-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Selezione_geografica_56-1)\n    [\"Selezione geografica\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050218123118\/http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/agriculture\/qual\/it\/147_it.htm). Europa.eu.int. February 23, 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/agriculture\/qual\/it\/147_it.htm) on February 18, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240620005634\/https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"La vera storia della pizza napoletana\"](http:\/\/cultura.biografieonline.it\/storia-della-pizza-napoletana\/). Biografieonline.it. May 20, 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130629185436\/http:\/\/cultura.biografieonline.it\/storia-della-pizza-napoletana\/) from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-59)**\n    Guides, Rough (August 1, 2011). Rough Guides (ed.). [*Rough Guide Phrasebook: Italian: Italian*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=mm_xkiHltdAC&pg=PA244). Penguin. p. 244. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-4053-8646-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4053-8646-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4053-8646-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160512221201\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=mm_xkiHltdAC&pg=PA244) from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-WiseGeek_60-0)**\n    [\"What is Sicilian Pizza?\"](http:\/\/www.wisegeek.org\/what-is-sicilian-pizza.htm). *WiseGeek*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130314100947\/http:\/\/www.wisegeek.org\/what-is-sicilian-pizza.htm) from the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2013.\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-61)**\n    Giorgio Locatelli (December 26, 2012). [*Made In Sicily*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PyNb-aKOlqAC&q=Sfincione&pg=PT55). Harper Collins. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-06-213038-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-213038-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-213038-9\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210502112933\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PyNb-aKOlqAC&q=Sfincione&pg=PT55) from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2013.\n61. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Gangi2007_62-0)**\n    Gangi, Roberta (2007). [\"Sfincione\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140402082228\/http:\/\/bestofsicily.com\/mag\/art250.htm). Best of Sicily Magazine. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/bestofsicily.com\/mag\/art250.htm) on April 2, 2014.\n62. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-63)**\n    [\"Torino: la riscoperta della pizza al padellino\"](https:\/\/www.agrodolce.it\/2014\/04\/03\/torino-la-riscoperta-della-pizza-al-padellino\/). Agrodolce. April 3, 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208225145\/http:\/\/www.agrodolce.it\/2014\/04\/03\/torino-la-riscoperta-della-pizza-al-padellino\/) from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n63. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-64)**\n    [\"Pizza al padellino (o tegamino): che cos'è?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151210202900\/http:\/\/www.gelapajo.it\/pizza-al-padellino-che-cose\/). Gelapajo.it. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.gelapajo.it\/pizza-al-padellino-che-cose\/) on December 10, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n64. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-65)**\n    [\"Beniamino, il profeta della pizza gourmet\"](http:\/\/torino.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/01\/19\/news\/beniamino_il_profeta_della_pizza_gourmet-50867170\/?refresh_ce). Torino – Repubblica.it. January 19, 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208211633\/http:\/\/torino.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/01\/19\/news\/beniamino_il_profeta_della_pizza_gourmet-50867170\/?refresh_ce) from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n65. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-LonelyPlanet_66-0)**\n    Otis, Ginger Adams (2010). [*New York City 7*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=btN9Lh8v3OQC&q=New+York-style+pizza&pg=PA256). Lonely Planet. p. 256. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1741795912](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1741795912 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1741795912\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104604\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=btN9Lh8v3OQC&q=New+York-style+pizza&pg=PA256) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2012.\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Sintumuang_67-0)**\n    Sintumuang, Kevin (September 8, 2021). [\"So What Do You Call a Pizza With No Toppings?\"](https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/food-drink\/food\/a37505543\/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular\/). *[Esquire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esquire_\$magazine\$ \"Esquire (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230324225123\/https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/food-drink\/food\/a37505543\/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular\/) from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2025.\n67. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-68)**\n    Bovino, Arthur (August 13, 2018). [\"Is America's Pizza Capital Buffalo, New York?\"](https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york). *The Daily Beast*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104621\/https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2019.\n68. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-69)**\n    Rhodes, Donna G.; Adler, Meghan E.; Clemens, John C.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna J. [\"Consumption of Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141005073823\/http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/SP2UserFiles\/Place\/12355000\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.\n69. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-rough_70-0)**\n    Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000). [*The Rough Guide to Argentina*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40). [Rough Guides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rough_Guides \"Rough Guides\"). p. 40. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-185-828-569-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-185-828-569-6 \"Special:BookSources\/978-185-828-569-6\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231103093706\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40) from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2022 – via [Google Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Books \"Google Books\").\n70. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Pizza11_71-0)** *Pizzerías de valor patrimonial de Buenos Aires* (2008), p. 11.\n71. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-7)\n    Lazar, Allie (April 25, 2016). [\"Buenos Aires Makes Some of the World's Best (and Weirdest) Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/buenos-aires-pizza-guide\/). *[Saveur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saveur \"Saveur\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221210164913\/https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/buenos-aires-pizza-guide\/) from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n72. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-picsa_73-0)**\n    Sorba, Pietro (October 15, 2021). [\"La reivindicación de la pizza de molde argentina\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/reivindicacion-pizza-molde-argentina_0_xiem20omX.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved August 4, 2023.\n73. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-3)\n    Gómez, Leire (July 17, 2015). [\"Buenos Aires: la ciudad de la pizza\"](https:\/\/www.tapasmagazine.es\/buenos-aires-la-ciudad-de-la-pizza\/). *Tapas* (in Spanish). Madrid: [SpainMedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=SpainMedia&action=edit&redlink=1 \"SpainMedia (page does not exist)\") \\[[es](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spainmedia \"es:Spainmedia\")\\]. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n74. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-75)**\n    [\"Margherita Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/recipe\/pizza\/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n75. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-1)\n    Hidalgo, Joaquín; Auzmendi, Martín (October 6, 2018). [\"De Nápoles a la Argentina: la historia de la pizza y cómo llegó a ser un emblema nacional\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/entremujeres\/bienestar\/napoles-argentina-historia-pizza-llego-emblema-nacional_0_y6rkpAMtG.html). *Entremujeres. [Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n76. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-2)\n    Acuña, Cecilia (June 26, 2017). [\"La historia de la pizza argentina: ¿de dónde salió la media masa?\"](https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/sociedad\/la-historia-de-la-pizza-argentina-de-donde-salio-la-media-masa-nid2036460\/). *[La Nación](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Naci%C3%B3n \"La Nación\")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n77. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-1)\n    Pepe Arias, Gimena (June 25, 2022). [\"Pizza a la piedra vs. pizza al molde: dos estilos que dividen a los argentinos\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211000305\/https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n78. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-79)**\n    Firpo, Hernán (October 20, 2018). [\"Angelín cumple 80 años: mitos y verdades de una pizzería indispensable\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/espectaculos\/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211210007\/https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/espectaculos\/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.\n79. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-1)\n    [\"Tipos de pizzas en Argentina\"](https:\/\/www.diariodemocracia.com\/locales\/junin\/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende\/). *[Diario Democracia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diario_Democracia \"Diario Democracia\")* (in Spanish). Junín. January 10, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211220300\/https:\/\/www.diariodemocracia.com\/locales\/junin\/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende\/) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.\n80. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-81)**\n    Booth, Amy (May 10, 2022). [\"Buenos Aires' unusual pizza topping\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel\/article\/20220509-fain-buenos-aires-unusual-pizza-topping). [BBC Travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_Travel \"BBC Travel\"). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n81. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-82)**\n    Colognese, Marco. [\"Sweet pizza, the new dessert in pizzeria\"](https:\/\/pizzastories.le5stagioni.it\/en\/lifestyle\/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria). *pizzastories.le5stagioni.it*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506095849\/https:\/\/pizzastories.le5stagioni.it\/en\/lifestyle\/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n82. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-83)**\n    [\"These Sweet Dessert Pizza Recipes Are A Little Slice Of Heaven\"](https:\/\/www.delish.com\/cooking\/recipe-ideas\/g2793\/dessert-pizza\/). *Delish*. June 24, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n83. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-84)**\n    [\"Chocolate pizza\"](https:\/\/www.bbcgoodfood.com\/recipes\/chocolate-pizza). *Good Food*. BBC. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n84. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-85)**\n    [\"Chocolate Cookie Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.bettycrocker.com\/recipes\/chocolate-cookie-pizza\/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2). Betty Crocker. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506074409\/https:\/\/www.bettycrocker.com\/recipes\/chocolate-cookie-pizza\/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n85. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-86)**\n    [\"Menu: Desserts\"](https:\/\/mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com\/restaurant-menu\/main-menu). Pizza Express. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506121741\/https:\/\/mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com\/restaurant-menu\/main-menu) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n86. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-87)**\n    [\"Menu\"](https:\/\/www.pepeingrani.it\/menu-en). Pepe in Grani. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506100600\/https:\/\/www.pepeingrani.it\/menu-en) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n87. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-88)**\n    [\"Basic Report 21299: Fast Food, Pizza Chain, 14\" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust\"](https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/food-details\/173292\/nutrients). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. September 28, 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190403171801\/https:\/\/fdc.nal.usda.gov\/fdc-app.html#\/food-details\/173292\/nutrients) from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2014.\n88. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-89)**\n    [\"Survey of pizzas\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051228212200\/http:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/science\/surveillance\/fsis2004branch\/fsis5804). Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/science\/surveillance\/fsis2004branch\/fsis5804) on December 28, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n89. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-90)**\n    [\"Health: Fast food salt levels \"shocking\"\"](https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/7050585.stm). BBC News. October 18, 2007. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090115140402\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/7050585.stm) from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n90. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-91)**\n    [\"Brick Oven Cecina\"](https:\/\/www.fornobravo.com\/wood-fired-cooking\/cecina\/). Fornobravo.com. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061016090551\/http:\/\/www.fornobravo.com\/brick_oven_cooking\/brick_oven_recipes\/flatbread\/cecina.html) from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n91. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Riolo_2012_92-0)**\n    Riolo, A. (2012). [*The Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RZbDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA260). American Diabetes Association. p. 260. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-58040-483-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-58040-483-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-58040-483-9\")\n    \n    .\n92. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-93)**\n    McKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016). [\"A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html). *The Independent*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161217165743\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html) from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.\n93. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-94)**\n    [\"hanamiweb.com\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070318144611\/http:\/\/www.hanamiweb.com\/okonomiyaki.html). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.hanamiweb.com\/okonomiyaki.html) on March 18, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2015.\n94. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-95)**\n    Jeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014). *The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition \\[4 Volumes\\]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe*. ABC-CLIO. p. 806. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781610694698](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781610694698 \"Special:BookSources\/9781610694698\")\n    \n    .\n95. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-96)**\n    Samuelsson, Marcus (2006). *The soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa*. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-7645-6911-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7645-6911-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7645-6911-1\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [61748426](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/61748426).\n## Further reading\n- Chudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012). [\"An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.qsrmagazine.com\/news\/expert-guide-world-class-pizza). *QSR Magazine*. Retrieved October 16, 2012.\n- Delpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015). [*Grilled Pizza the Right Way*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Macmillan. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1-62414-106-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5\")\n  \n  .\n- Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. London: [Reaktion Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reaktion_Books \"Reaktion Books\"). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1-86189-391-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8\")\n  \n  . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [225876066](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/225876066).\n- Kliman, Todd (September 5, 2012). [\"Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.washingtonian.com\/articles\/food-dining\/easy-as-pie-a-guide-to-regional-pizza-styles\/). *[The Washingtonian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washingtonian_\$magazine\$ \"The Washingtonian (magazine)\")*.\n  Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, \"Gourmet\" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven.\n- Raichlen, Steven (2008). [*The Barbecue! Bible*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=FWKxatrLCjYC&q=%22grilled+pizza%22&pg=PA382). Workman Publishing. pp. 381–384\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-0761149446](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0761149446 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0761149446\")\n  \n  .\n- [\"The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.saveur.com\/article\/hubs\/Pizza-Guide). *[Saveur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saveur \"Saveur\")*. Retrieved November 2, 2014.\n## External links\n**Pizza** at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects \"Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects\")\n\n- [![Wiktionary logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg\/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg)[Definitions](https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pizza \"wikt:pizza\") from Wiktionary\n- [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"c:Pizza\") from Commons\n- [![Wikibooks logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg)[Recipes](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Cookbook:Pizza \"b:Cookbook:Pizza\") from Wikibooks\n- [![Wikivoyage logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg\/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg)[Travel information](https:\/\/en.wikivoyage.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"voy:Pizza\") from Wikivoyage\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Wikidata-logo.svg\/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png)[Data](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q177 \"d:Q177\") from Wikidata\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy \"Template:Cuisine of Italy\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Italy \"Template talk:Cuisine of Italy\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Cuisine of Italy\")[Cuisine of Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_cuisine \"Italian cuisine\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| History | [Ancient Roman cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Roman_cuisine \"Ancient Roman cuisine\") [Medieval cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Regional_cuisines_of_medieval_Europe#Italy \"Regional cuisines of medieval Europe\") [Early modern cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_modern_European_cuisine#Italy \"Early modern European cuisine\") [Contemporary cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_cuisine \"Italian cuisine\") |\n| Regional cuisines | [Abruzzese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo \"Cuisine of Abruzzo\") [Apulian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apulian_cuisine \"Apulian cuisine\") [Arbëreshë](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine \"Arbëreshë cuisine\") [Campanian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campanian_cuisine \"Campanian cuisine\") [Corsican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Corsica \"Cuisine of Corsica\") [Emilian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emilian_cuisine \"Emilian cuisine\") [Ligurian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Liguria \"Cuisine of Liguria\") [Lombard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombard_cuisine \"Lombard cuisine\") [Mantuan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Mantua \"Cuisine of Mantua\") [Lucanian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Basilicata \"Cuisine of Basilicata\") [Neapolitan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_cuisine \"Neapolitan cuisine\") [Piedmontese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piedmontese_cuisine \"Piedmontese cuisine\") [Roman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_cuisine \"Roman cuisine\") [Sardinian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuisine_of_Sardinia \"Cuisine of Sardinia\") [Sicilian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_cuisine \"Sicilian cuisine\") [Tuscan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuscan_cuisine \"Tuscan cuisine\") [Venetian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venetian_cuisine \"Venetian cuisine\") |\n| Pasta and sauces | [Pasta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta \"Pasta\") ([List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pasta \"List of pasta\")) [Carbonara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carbonara \"Carbonara\") [Pesto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pesto \"Pesto\") [Ragù](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rag%C3%B9 \"Ragù\") [Neapolitan ragù](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9 \"Neapolitan ragù\") [Struncatura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Struncatura \"Struncatura\") [Arrabbiata sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrabbiata_sauce \"Arrabbiata sauce\") [Amatriciana sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amatriciana_sauce \"Amatriciana sauce\") [Marinara sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marinara_sauce \"Marinara sauce\") [Genovese sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genovese_sauce \"Genovese sauce\") [Bolognese sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolognese_sauce \"Bolognese sauce\") [Fettuccine Alfredo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fettuccine_Alfredo \"Fettuccine Alfredo\") [Pasta alla Norma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_alla_Norma \"Pasta alla Norma\") [Pasta con i peperoni cruschi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi \"Pasta con i peperoni cruschi\") [Pasta con le sarde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_con_le_sarde \"Pasta con le sarde\") [Pasta e fagioli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_e_fagioli \"Pasta e fagioli\") [Pasta al pomodoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_al_pomodoro \"Pasta al pomodoro\") [Rigatoni con la Pajata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata \"Rigatoni con la Pajata\") [Cacio e pepe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cacio_e_pepe \"Cacio e pepe\") [Spaghetti aglio e olio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio \"Spaghetti aglio e olio\") [Spaghetti alla puttanesca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca \"Spaghetti alla puttanesca\") [Pasta allo scarpariello](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_allo_scarpariello \"Pasta allo scarpariello\") [Spaghetti alle vongole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spaghetti_alle_vongole \"Spaghetti alle vongole\") [Tumact me tulez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tumact_me_tulez \"Tumact me tulez\") |\n| [Soups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_soups \"List of Italian soups\") | [Soup alla canavese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup_alla_Canavese \"Soup alla Canavese\") [Soup alla modenese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup_alla_modenese \"Soup alla modenese\") [Acquacotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acquacotta \"Acquacotta\") [Bagnun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagnun \"Bagnun\") [Minestrone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minestrone \"Minestrone\") [Ribollita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ribollita \"Ribollita\") |\n| Other dishes ([List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks \"List of Italian foods and drinks\")) | [Abbacchio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abbacchio \"Abbacchio\") [Arrosticini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrosticini \"Arrosticini\") [Bagna càuda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda \"Bagna càuda\") [Braciola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Braciola \"Braciola\") [Bruschetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruschetta \"Bruschetta\") [Bruscitti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruscitti \"Bruscitti\") [Cotoletta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cotoletta \"Cotoletta\") [Cotoletta alla milanese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cotoletta_alla_milanese \"Cotoletta alla milanese\") [Crostino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crostino \"Crostino\") [Bollito misto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bollito_misto \"Bollito misto\") [Baccalà alla lucana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana \"Baccalà alla lucana\") [Baccalà alla vicentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_vicentina \"Baccalà alla vicentina\") [Cacciatore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cacciatore \"Cacciatore\") [Cacciucco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cacciucco \"Cacciucco\") [Caponata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caponata \"Caponata\") [Cappon magro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cappon_magro \"Cappon magro\") [Caprese salad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caprese_salad \"Caprese salad\") [Carciofi alla romana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carciofi_alla_romana \"Carciofi alla romana\") [Carpaccio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carpaccio \"Carpaccio\") [Carne pizzaiola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carne_pizzaiola \"Carne pizzaiola\") [Cassoeula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cassoeula \"Cassoeula\") [Ciambotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciambotta \"Ciambotta\") [Ciccioli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciccioli \"Ciccioli\") [Coda alla vaccinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coda_alla_vaccinara \"Coda alla vaccinara\") [Fiorentina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T-bone_steak \"T-bone steak\") [Fondue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fondue \"Fondue\") [Frico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frico \"Frico\") [Frittata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frittata \"Frittata\") [Frittola (meat dish)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frittola_\$meat_dish\$ \"Frittola (meat dish)\") [Frittola (doughnut)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frittola_\$doughnut\$ \"Frittola (doughnut)\") [Fritto misto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fritto_misto \"Fritto misto\") [Istrian stew](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Istrian_stew \"Istrian stew\") [Lampredotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lampredotto \"Lampredotto\") [Polenta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polenta \"Polenta\") [Porchetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Porchetta \"Porchetta\") [Panzanella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzanella \"Panzanella\") [Parmigiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parmigiana \"Parmigiana\") [Ossobuco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ossobuco \"Ossobuco\") [Orzotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orzotto \"Orzotto\") [Rafanata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rafanata \"Rafanata\") [Risotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Risotto \"Risotto\") [Rollatini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rollatini \"Rollatini\") [Saltimbocca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saltimbocca \"Saltimbocca\") [Scaloppine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scaloppine \"Scaloppine\") [Timballo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timballo \"Timballo\") [Vitello tonnato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vitello_tonnato \"Vitello tonnato\") |\n| Pizza and street food | [Pizza]() [al taglio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_al_taglio \"Pizza al taglio\") [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") [Sicilian pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_pizza \"Sicilian pizza\") [Focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") [Piscialandrea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pissaladi%C3%A8re \"Pissaladière\") [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") [Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") [Crocchè](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crocch%C3%A8 \"Crocchè\") [Arancini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arancini \"Arancini\") [Supplì](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suppl%C3%AC \"Supplì\") [Frittula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frittula_\$meat_dish\$ \"Frittula (meat dish)\") [Panelle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panelle \"Panelle\") [Pani câ meusa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa \"Pani câ meusa\") [Panino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panini_\$sandwich\$ \"Panini (sandwich)\") [Piadina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piadina \"Piadina\") [Arrosticini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrosticini \"Arrosticini\") [Farinata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farinata \"Farinata\") [Tramezzino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tramezzino \"Tramezzino\") [Zippuli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zippuli \"Zippuli\") [Sardenara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sardenara \"Sardenara\") [Scaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scaccia \"Scaccia\") [U' pastizz 'rtunnar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar \"U' pastizz 'rtunnar\") |\n| Cheeses and charcuterie | [Cheeses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_cheeses \"List of Italian cheeses\") [PDO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses \"List of Italian PDO cheeses\") [Salumi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salumi \"Salumi\") |\n| Pastry and desserts ([List](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries \"List of Italian desserts and pastries\")) | [Bocconotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bocconotto \"Bocconotto\") [Bombolone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombolone_\$doughnut\$ \"Bombolone (doughnut)\") [Bruttiboni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruttiboni \"Bruttiboni\") [Buccellato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buccellato \"Buccellato\") [Budino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budino \"Budino\") [Cannoli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannoli \"Cannoli\") [Cantuccini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biscotti \"Biscotti\") [Cassata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cassata \"Cassata\") [Cassatella di sant'Agata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cassatella_di_sant%27Agata \"Cassatella di sant'Agata\") [Castagnaccio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Castagnaccio \"Castagnaccio\") [Cavallucci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cavallucci \"Cavallucci\") [Colomba di Pasqua](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colomba_di_Pasqua \"Colomba di Pasqua\") [Crostata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crostata \"Crostata\") [Crocetta of Caltanissetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta \"Crocetta of Caltanissetta\") [Gelato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gelato \"Gelato\") [Granita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Granita \"Granita\") [Grattachecca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grattachecca \"Grattachecca\") [Iris](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iris_\$pastry\$ \"Iris (pastry)\") [Marzipan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marzipan \"Marzipan\") [Mustacciuoli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mustacciuoli \"Mustacciuoli\") [Neapolitan ice cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_ice_cream \"Neapolitan ice cream\") [Neccio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neccio \"Neccio\") [Nutella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nutella \"Nutella\") [Pandoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pandoro \"Pandoro\") [Panettone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panettone \"Panettone\") [Panforte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panforte \"Panforte\") [Panna cotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panna_cotta \"Panna cotta\") [Panpepato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panpepato \"Panpepato\") [Parrozzo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parrozzo \"Parrozzo\") [Pastiera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastiera \"Pastiera\") [Pignolata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pignolata \"Pignolata\") [Pizzelle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizzelle \"Pizzelle\") [Ricciarelli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ricciarelli \"Ricciarelli\") [Seada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seada \"Seada\") [Semifreddo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Semifreddo \"Semifreddo\") [Sfogliatelle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sfogliatelle \"Sfogliatelle\") [Sorbetto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sorbet \"Sorbet\") [Sponge cake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sponge_cake \"Sponge cake\") [Spumoni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spumoni \"Spumoni\") [Struffoli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Struffoli \"Struffoli\") [Tartufo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tartufo \"Tartufo\") [Tiramisu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiramisu \"Tiramisu\") [Torrone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turr%C3%B3n \"Turrón\") [Torta caprese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torta_caprese \"Torta caprese\") [Zabaione](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zabaione \"Zabaione\") [Zeppole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zeppole \"Zeppole\") [Zuccotto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zuccotto \"Zuccotto\") [Zuppa Inglese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zuppa_Inglese \"Zuppa Inglese\") |\n| Breads | [Borlengo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borlengo \"Borlengo\") [Breadstick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breadstick \"Breadstick\") [Ciabatta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ciabatta \"Ciabatta\") [Coppia Ferrarese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coppia_Ferrarese \"Coppia Ferrarese\") [Filone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filone \"Filone\") [Michetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michetta \"Michetta\") [Pane carasau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pane_carasau \"Pane carasau\") [Pane di Altamura](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pane_di_Altamura \"Pane di Altamura\") [Pane sciocco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pane_sciocco \"Pane sciocco\") [Sgabeo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sgabeo \"Sgabeo\") [Taralli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taralli \"Taralli\") [Vastedda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vastedda \"Vastedda\") |\n| Wines | [Varieties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_wine \"Italian wine\") [IGT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_IGT_wines \"List of Italian IGT wines\") [DOCG](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_DOCG_wines \"List of Italian DOCG wines\") [DOC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines \"List of Italian DOC wines\") [Abruzzo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abruzzo_\$wine_region\$ \"Abruzzo (wine region)\") [Calabrian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calabrian_wine \"Calabrian wine\") [Friulan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine \"Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine\") [Lombard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombardia_\$wine\$ \"Lombardia (wine)\") [Piedmontese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piemonte_\$wine\$ \"Piemonte (wine)\") [Tuscan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuscan_wine \"Tuscan wine\") [Venetian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venetian_wine \"Venetian wine\") |\n| Alcoholic beverages | [Beer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer_in_Italy \"Beer in Italy\") [Grappa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grappa \"Grappa\") [Sambuca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sambuca \"Sambuca\") [Mirto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mirto_\$liqueur\$ \"Mirto (liqueur)\") [Vermouth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vermouth \"Vermouth\") [Spritz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spritz_\$cocktail\$ \"Spritz (cocktail)\") [Limoncello](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Limoncello \"Limoncello\") [Fernet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fernet \"Fernet\") [Campari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campari \"Campari\") [Aperol](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aperol \"Aperol\") [Cynar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cynar \"Cynar\") [Amaro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amaro_\$liqueur\$ \"Amaro (liqueur)\") [Amaretto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amaretto \"Amaretto\") [Nocino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nocino \"Nocino\") [Centerbe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centerbe \"Centerbe\") [Bargnolino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bargnolino \"Bargnolino\") [Maraschino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maraschino \"Maraschino\") [Sassolino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sassolino \"Sassolino\") [Strega](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strega_\$liqueur\$ \"Strega (liqueur)\") [Rosolio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosolio \"Rosolio\") [Galliano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galliano_\$liqueur\$ \"Galliano (liqueur)\") [Frangelico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frangelico \"Frangelico\") [Alchermes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alchermes \"Alchermes\") [Aurum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aurum_\$liqueur\$ \"Aurum (liqueur)\") |\n| Coffee | [Caffè](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caff%C3%A8 \"Caffè\") [Espresso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espresso \"Espresso\") [Lungo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lungo \"Lungo\") [Ristretto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ristretto \"Ristretto\") [Doppio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doppio \"Doppio\") [Espressino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espressino \"Espressino\") [Cappuccino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cappuccino \"Cappuccino\") [Caffelatte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latte \"Latte\") [Latte macchiato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latte_macchiato \"Latte macchiato\") [Caffè macchiato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato \"Caffè macchiato\") [Caffè corretto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caff%C3%A8_corretto \"Caffè corretto\") [Affogato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Affogato \"Affogato\") [Mocaccino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mocaccino \"Mocaccino\") [Marocchino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marocchino \"Marocchino\") [Bicerin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bicerin \"Bicerin\") [Barbajada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbajada \"Barbajada\") [Bombardino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bombardino \"Bombardino\") |\n| Related | [Grano arso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grano_arso \"Grano arso\") [Sammarinese cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sammarinese_cuisine \"Sammarinese cuisine\") [Italian-American cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian-American_cuisine \"Italian-American cuisine\") [Italian food products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_food_products \"Italian food products\") [Sausages in Italian cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine \"Sausages in Italian cuisine\") [Osteria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osteria \"Osteria\") [Trattoria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trattoria \"Trattoria\") [Enoteca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enoteca \"Enoteca\") [Sagra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sagra_\$festival\$ \"Sagra (festival)\") [List of Italian chefs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_chefs \"List of Italian chefs\") [List of Italian foods and drinks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks \"List of Italian foods and drinks\") [Meal structure](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_meal_structure \"Italian meal structure\") [Italian Sounding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Sounding \"Italian Sounding\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Flatbreads \"Template:Flatbreads\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Flatbreads \"Template talk:Flatbreads\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Flatbreads \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Flatbreads\")[Flatbreads](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatbread \"Flatbread\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| Asia | [Aparon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aparon \"Aparon\") [Balep korkun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balep_korkun \"Balep korkun\") [Barbari bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbari_bread \"Barbari bread\") [Bhakri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhakri \"Bhakri\") [Bhatoora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhatoora \"Bhatoora\") [Bindae-tteok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bindae-tteok \"Bindae-tteok\") [Bing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bing_\$bread\$ \"Bing (bread)\") [Bolani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bolani \"Bolani\") [Chapati](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chapati \"Chapati\") [Danbing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danbing \"Danbing\") [Kaak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaak_\$bread\$ \"Kaak (bread)\") [Kabkab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kabkab \"Kabkab\") [Kattama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kattama \"Kattama\") [Khubz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khubz \"Khubz\") [Kiping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiping \"Kiping\") [Kulcha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kulcha \"Kulcha\") [Gözleme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%B6zleme \"Gözleme\") [Jolada rotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jolada_rotti \"Jolada rotti\") [Lahoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lahoh \"Lahoh\") [Laobing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laobing \"Laobing\") [Lavash](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lavash \"Lavash\") [Luchi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Luchi \"Luchi\") [Malooga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malooga \"Malooga\") [Markook](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Markook_\$bread\$ \"Markook (bread)\") [Matzo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matzah \"Matzah\") [Mulawah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khubz_mulawah \"Khubz mulawah\") [Malawach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malawach \"Malawach\") [Malawah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malawah \"Malawah\") [Naan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naan \"Naan\") [Nan\/non](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tandyr_nan \"Tandyr nan\") [Papadam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papadam \"Papadam\") [Paratha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paratha \"Paratha\") [Aloo paratha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aloo_paratha \"Aloo paratha\") [Parotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parotta \"Parotta\") [Pathiri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pathiri \"Pathiri\") [Phitti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phitti \"Phitti\") [Piaya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piaya_\$food\$ \"Piaya (food)\") [Pihta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pihta \"Pihta\") [Pita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pita \"Pita\") [Pletzel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pletzel \"Pletzel\") [Puran poli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puran_poli \"Puran poli\") [Puri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puri_\$food\$ \"Puri (food)\") [Qistibi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qistibi \"Qistibi\") [Qutab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qutab \"Qutab\") [Ramazan pidesi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramazan_pidesi \"Ramazan pidesi\") [Roti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roti \"Roti\") [Makki di roti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makki_di_roti \"Makki di roti\") [Roti canai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roti_canai \"Roti canai\") [Roti prata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roti_prata \"Roti prata\") [Rumali roti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rumali_roti \"Rumali roti\") [Sa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sa_\$Mandaeism\$ \"Sa (Mandaeism)\") [Sanchuisanda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sanchuisanda \"Sanchuisanda\") [Sangak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sangak \"Sangak\") Scallion pancake [Cōng yóu bǐng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng \"Cōng yóu bǐng\") [Pajeon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pajeon \"Pajeon\") [Saj bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saj_bread \"Saj bread\") [Shaobing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shaobing \"Shaobing\") [Sheermal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sheermal \"Sheermal\") [Shelpek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shelpek \"Shelpek\") [Taboon bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taboon_bread \"Taboon bread\") [Taftan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taftan_\$bread\$ \"Taftan (bread)\") [Tandoor bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tandoor_bread \"Tandoor bread\") [Thalipeeth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thalipeeth \"Thalipeeth\") [Zhingyalov hats](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhingyalov_hats \"Zhingyalov hats\") | [![Afghan flatbread](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8d\/Afghan_bread.jpg\/250px-Afghan_bread.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Afghan_bread.jpg \"Afghan flatbread\") |\n| Europe | [Bannock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bannock_\$British_and_Irish_food\$ \"Bannock (British and Irish food)\") [Bazlama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bazlama \"Bazlama\") [Crescia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crescia \"Crescia\") [Crispbread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crispbread \"Crispbread\") [Farl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farl \"Farl\") [Flammkuchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tarte_flamb%C3%A9e \"Tarte flambée\") [Flatbrød](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatbr%C3%B8d \"Flatbrød\") [Flatkaka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatkaka \"Flatkaka\") [Focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") [Hoggan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoggan \"Hoggan\") [Khachapuri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khachapuri \"Khachapuri\") [Lángos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A1ngos \"Lángos\") [Lefse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lefse \"Lefse\") [Mekitsa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mekitsa \"Mekitsa\") [Opłatek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christmas_wafer \"Christmas wafer\") [Pancake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pancake \"Pancake\") [Pane carasau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pane_carasau \"Pane carasau\") [Piadina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piadina \"Piadina\") Pinsa [Pita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pita \"Pita\") [Pizza]() [Podpłomyk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Podp%C5%82omyk \"Podpłomyk\") [Proziaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proziaki \"Proziaki\") [Rieska](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breads_of_Finland#Rieska \"Breads of Finland\") [Sacramental bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacramental_bread \"Sacramental bread\") [Scaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scaccia \"Scaccia\") [Shotis puri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shotis_puri \"Shotis puri\") [Somun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Somun \"Somun\") [Talo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talo_\$food\$ \"Talo (food)\") [Tigella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crescentina_modenese \"Crescentina modenese\") [Torta de gazpacho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torta_de_gazpacho \"Torta de gazpacho\") [Tunnbröd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunnbr%C3%B6d \"Tunnbröd\") |   |\n| Africa | [Bataw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bataw_\$bread\$ \"Bataw (bread)\") [Eish merahrah](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eish_merahrah \"Eish merahrah\") [Injera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Injera \"Injera\") [Khubz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khubz \"Khubz\") [Lahoh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lahoh \"Lahoh\") [Ngome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ngome_\$bread\$ \"Ngome (bread)\") [Msemen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Msemen \"Msemen\") [Sabaayad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabaayad \"Sabaayad\") |   |\n| America | [Arepa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arepa \"Arepa\") [Bammy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bammy \"Bammy\") [Bannock](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bannock_\$Indigenous_American\$ \"Bannock (Indigenous American)\") [Casabe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tapioca#Flatbreads \"Tapioca\") [Frybread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frybread \"Frybread\") [Corn tortilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tortilla \"Tortilla\") [List of tortilla-based dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes \"List of tortilla-based dishes\") [Flour tortilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flour_tortilla \"Flour tortilla\") [Tortilla de rescoldo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tortilla_de_rescoldo \"Tortilla de rescoldo\") |   |\n| **[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikibooks-logo.svg\/20px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg \"Wikibooks page\") [Recipes on WikiBooks](https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/Cookbook:Bread_Recipes \"b:Cookbook:Bread Recipes\")** **![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category:Flatbreads](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Flatbreads \"Category:Flatbreads\")** **[![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Foodlogo2.svg\/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Food \"Portal:Food\")** |   |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Cheese_dishes \"Template:Cheese dishes\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Cheese_dishes \"Template talk:Cheese dishes\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Cheese_dishes \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Cheese dishes\")[Cheese dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_cheese_dishes \"List of cheese dishes\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Dishes | [Aligot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aligot \"Aligot\") [Alivenci](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alivenci \"Alivenci\") [Almogrote](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Almogrote \"Almogrote\") [Älplermagronen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%84lplermagronen \"Älplermagronen\") [Arancini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arancini \"Arancini\") [Arizona cheese crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arizona_cheese_crisp \"Arizona cheese crisp\") [Baked potato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baked_potato \"Baked potato\") [Bagel and cream cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagel_and_cream_cheese \"Bagel and cream cheese\") [Barfi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barfi \"Barfi\") [Beer cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer_cheese_\$spread\$ \"Beer cheese (spread)\") [Bryndzové halušky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bryndzov%C3%A9_halu%C5%A1ky \"Bryndzové halušky\") [Cacio e pepe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cacio_e_pepe \"Cacio e pepe\") [Caprese salad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caprese_salad \"Caprese salad\") [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") [Cauliflower cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cauliflower_cheese \"Cauliflower cheese\") [Cervelle de canut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cervelle_de_canut \"Cervelle de canut\") [Cheese and crackers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_and_crackers \"Cheese and crackers\") [Cheese cracker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_cracker \"Cheese cracker\") [Cheese ball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_ball_\$hors_d%27oeuvre\$ \"Cheese ball (hors d'oeuvre)\") [Cheese fries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_fries \"Cheese fries\") [Cheese on toast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_on_toast \"Cheese on toast\") [Cheese pudding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_pudding \"Cheese pudding\") [Cheese puffs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_puffs \"Cheese puffs\") [Cheese roll](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_roll \"Cheese roll\") [Cheese slaw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_slaw \"Cheese slaw\") [Cheese spread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_spread \"Cheese spread\") [Cheesecake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheesecake \"Cheesecake\") [Chèvre chaud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ch%C3%A8vre_chaud \"Chèvre chaud\") [Chhena gaja](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chhena_gaja \"Chhena gaja\") [Chhena jalebi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chhena_jalebi \"Chhena jalebi\") [Chhena kheeri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chhena_kheeri \"Chhena kheeri\") [Chhena poda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chhena_poda \"Chhena poda\") [Chile con queso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chile_con_queso \"Chile con queso\") [Curd snack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curd_snack \"Curd snack\") [Empanada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empanada \"Empanada\") [Fondue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fondue \"Fondue\") [Frico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frico \"Frico\") [Fried cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fried_cheese \"Fried cheese\") [Frito pie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frito_pie \"Frito pie\") [Gougère](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goug%C3%A8re \"Gougère\") [Gratin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gratin \"Gratin\") [Gujia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gujia \"Gujia\") [Gulab jamun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulab_jamun \"Gulab jamun\") [Hauskyjza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hauskyjza \"Hauskyjza\") [Jalapeño popper](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jalape%C3%B1o_popper \"Jalapeño popper\") [Kaasstengels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaasstengels \"Kaasstengels\") [Kasseropita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kasseropita \"Kasseropita\") [Khachapuri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khachapuri \"Khachapuri\") [Khira sagara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khira_sagara \"Khira sagara\") [Lasagna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lasagna \"Lasagna\") [Lazy varenyky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazy_varenyky \"Lazy varenyky\") [Liptauer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liptauer \"Liptauer\") [Macaroni and cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaroni_and_cheese \"Macaroni and cheese\") [Macaroni schotel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Macaroni_schotel \"Macaroni schotel\") [Machas a la parmesana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Machas_a_la_parmesana \"Machas a la parmesana\") [Malakoff](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malakoff_\$food\$ \"Malakoff (food)\") [Matar paneer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matar_paneer \"Matar paneer\") [Meatloaf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meatloaf \"Meatloaf\") [Moretum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moretum \"Moretum\") [Mornay sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mornay_sauce \"Mornay sauce\") [Mozzarella sticks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella_sticks \"Mozzarella sticks\") [Mote de queso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mote_de_queso \"Mote de queso\") [Nachos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nachos \"Nachos\") [Obatzda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obatzda \"Obatzda\") [Olive ascolane](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Olive_ascolane \"Olive ascolane\") [Ostkaka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ostkaka \"Ostkaka\") [Papanași](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papana%C8%99i \"Papanași\") [Parmigiana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parmigiana \"Parmigiana\") [Pască](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasc%C4%83 \"Pască\") [Paskha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paskha \"Paskha\") [Pastel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastel_\$food\$ \"Pastel (food)\") ([Brazilian version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastel_\$Brazilian_food\$ \"Pastel (Brazilian food)\")) [Pastizz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastizz \"Pastizz\") [Peda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peda \"Peda\") [Pepperoni roll](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pepperoni_roll \"Pepperoni roll\") [Pierogi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierogi \"Pierogi\") [Pimento cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pimento_cheese \"Pimento cheese\") [Pizza]() [Plăcintă](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83 \"Plăcintă\") [Polpettone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polpettone_di_melanzane \"Polpettone di melanzane\") [Poulet au fromage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poulet_au_fromage \"Poulet au fromage\") [Poutine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poutine \"Poutine\") [Provoleta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provoleta \"Provoleta\") [Quarkkäulchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quarkk%C3%A4ulchen \"Quarkkäulchen\") [Quesadilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quesadilla \"Quesadilla\") [Quesito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quesito \"Quesito\") [Queso flameado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queso_flameado \"Queso flameado\") [Queso ice cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queso_ice_cream \"Queso ice cream\") [Raclette](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raclette \"Raclette\") [Ras malai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ras_malai \"Ras malai\") [Rasabali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rasabali \"Rasabali\") [Rasgulla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rasgulla \"Rasgulla\") [Saganaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saganaki \"Saganaki\") [Sandesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandesh_\$confectionery\$ \"Sandesh (confectionery)\") [Shahi paneer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shahi_paneer \"Shahi paneer\") [Smažený sýr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sma%C5%BEen%C3%BD_s%C3%BDr \"Smažený sýr\") [Spanakopita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spanakopita \"Spanakopita\") [Stromboli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stromboli_\$food\$ \"Stromboli (food)\") [Stuffed peppers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stuffed_peppers \"Stuffed peppers\") [Supplì](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suppl%C3%AC \"Supplì\") [Syrniki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Syrniki \"Syrniki\") [Tirokafteri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tirokafteri \"Tirokafteri\") [Tiropita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tiropita \"Tiropita\") [Túró Rudi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3_Rudi \"Túró Rudi\") [Túrós csusza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3s_csusza \"Túrós csusza\") [Urnebes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urnebes \"Urnebes\") [Vatrushka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatrushka \"Vatrushka\") [Welsh rarebit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Welsh_rarebit \"Welsh rarebit\") |\n| [Sandwiches](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandwich \"Sandwich\") | [Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bacon,_egg_and_cheese_sandwich \"Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich\") [Breakfast sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast_sandwich \"Breakfast sandwich\") [Carrozza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carrozza_\$sandwich\$ \"Carrozza (sandwich)\") [Cheese dog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_dog \"Cheese dog\") [Cheese dream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_dream \"Cheese dream\") [Cheese sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_sandwich \"Cheese sandwich\") [Cheese and pickle sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_and_pickle_sandwich \"Cheese and pickle sandwich\") [Cheeseburger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheeseburger \"Cheeseburger\") [Cheesesteak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheesesteak \"Cheesesteak\") [Croissan'Wich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croissan%27Wich \"Croissan'Wich\") [Croque monsieur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croque_monsieur \"Croque monsieur\") [Cuban sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_sandwich \"Cuban sandwich\") [Dagwood sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dagwood_sandwich \"Dagwood sandwich\") [Grilled cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grilled_cheese \"Grilled cheese\") [Ham and cheese sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ham_and_cheese_sandwich \"Ham and cheese sandwich\") [Jucy\/Juicy Lucy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jucy_Lucy \"Jucy Lucy\") [McMuffin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McMuffin \"McMuffin\") [Monte Cristo sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monte_Cristo_sandwich \"Monte Cristo sandwich\") [Patty melt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patty_melt \"Patty melt\") [Reuben sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuben_sandwich \"Reuben sandwich\") [Roti bakar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roti_bakar \"Roti bakar\") [Sándwich de miga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A1ndwich_de_miga \"Sándwich de miga\") [Sub sandwich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sub_sandwich \"Sub sandwich\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Tomatoes \"Template:Tomatoes\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Tomatoes \"Template talk:Tomatoes\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Tomatoes \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Tomatoes\")[Tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato \"Tomato\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Tomato types | [Beefsteak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beefsteak_tomato \"Beefsteak tomato\") [Cherry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherry_tomato \"Cherry tomato\") [Grape](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grape_tomato \"Grape tomato\") [Pear](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pear_tomato \"Pear tomato\") [Plum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plum_tomato \"Plum tomato\") |\n| Tomato cultivars | [Ailsa Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ailsa_Craig_tomato \"Ailsa Craig tomato\") [Alicante](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alicante_tomato \"Alicante tomato\") [Amish Paste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amish_Paste \"Amish Paste\") [Arkansas Traveller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arkansas_Traveler_tomato \"Arkansas Traveler tomato\") [Aunt Ruby's German Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aunt_Ruby%27s_German_Green \"Aunt Ruby's German Green\") [Azoychka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Azoychka \"Azoychka\") [Better Boy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Better_Boy \"Better Boy\") [Big Rainbow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Rainbow \"Big Rainbow\") [Blaby Special](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blaby_Special \"Blaby Special\") [Black Krim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Krim \"Black Krim\") [Brandywine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brandywine_\$tomato\$ \"Brandywine (tomato)\") [Campari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campari_tomato \"Campari tomato\") [Celebrity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Celebrity_tomato \"Celebrity tomato\") [Cherokee purple](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cherokee_purple \"Cherokee purple\") [Early Girl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Early_Girl \"Early Girl\") [Fourth of July](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourth_of_July_tomato \"Fourth of July tomato\") [Garden Peach](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garden_Peach \"Garden Peach\") [Green Zebra](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_Zebra \"Green Zebra\") [Hanover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanover_tomato \"Hanover tomato\") [Hillbilly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hillbilly_tomato \"Hillbilly tomato\") [Indigo Rose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_tomato \"Blue tomato\") [Jersey Boy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jersey_Boy_tomato \"Jersey Boy tomato\") [Jubilee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jubilee_tomato \"Jubilee tomato\") [Kumato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kumato \"Kumato\") [Lillian's Yellow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lillian%27s_Yellow \"Lillian's Yellow\") [Marglobe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marglobe \"Marglobe\") [Matt's Wild Cherry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matt%27s_Wild_Cherry \"Matt's Wild Cherry\") [Mortgage Lifter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mortgage_Lifter \"Mortgage Lifter\") [Mr. Stripey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mr._Stripey \"Mr. Stripey\") [Paul Robeson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Robeson_tomato \"Paul Robeson tomato\") [Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pomodorino_del_Piennolo_del_Vesuvio \"Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio\") [Pomodorino di Manduria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pomodorino_di_Manduria \"Pomodorino di Manduria\") [Pomodoro di Pachino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pomodoro_di_Pachino \"Pomodoro di Pachino\") [Raf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raf_tomato \"Raf tomato\") [Roma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_tomato \"Roma tomato\") [Rutgers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rutgers_tomato \"Rutgers tomato\") [San Marzano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Marzano_tomato \"San Marzano tomato\") [Santorini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santorini_tomato \"Santorini tomato\") [Siberian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siberian_tomato \"Siberian tomato\") [Super Sweet 100](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Super_Sweet_100 \"Super Sweet 100\") [Three Sisters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Three_Sisters_tomato \"Three Sisters tomato\") [Tigerella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tigerella \"Tigerella\") [Tomaccio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomaccio \"Tomaccio\") [Tomberry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomberry \"Tomberry\") [List of tomato cultivars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tomato_cultivars \"List of tomato cultivars\") |\n| Culinary | [List of tomato dishes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tomato_dishes \"List of tomato dishes\") [Bruschetta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bruschetta \"Bruschetta\") [Canned tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canned_tomato \"Canned tomato\") [Caprese salad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caprese_salad \"Caprese salad\") [Fattoush](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fattoush \"Fattoush\") [Fried green tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fried_green_tomatoes \"Fried green tomatoes\") [Galayet bandora](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galayet_bandora \"Galayet bandora\") [Pa amb tomàquet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet \"Pa amb tomàquet\") [Panzanella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzanella \"Panzanella\") [Pasta al pomodoro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasta_al_pomodoro \"Pasta al pomodoro\") [Pizza]() [Pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\") [Pizza marinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_marinara \"Pizza marinara\") [Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stir-fried_tomato_and_scrambled_eggs \"Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs\") [Stuffed tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stuffed_tomatoes \"Stuffed tomatoes\") [Sun-dried tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sun-dried_tomato \"Sun-dried tomato\") [Stewed tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stewed_tomatoes \"Stewed tomatoes\") [Strapatsada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strapatsada \"Strapatsada\") [Tomato bredie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_bredie \"Tomato bredie\") [Tomato juice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_juice \"Tomato juice\") Tomato pie [Green](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Green_tomato_pie \"Green tomato pie\") [Italian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_tomato_pie \"Italian tomato pie\") [Trenton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trenton_tomato_pie \"Trenton tomato pie\") [Southern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_tomato_pie \"Southern tomato pie\") [Tomato sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_sauce \"Tomato sauce\") [Tomato soup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_soup \"Tomato soup\") [Gazpacho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gazpacho \"Gazpacho\") [Tomato and egg soup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_and_egg_soup \"Tomato and egg soup\") |\n| Condiments | [Capuliato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Capuliato \"Capuliato\") [Ketchup](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ketchup \"Ketchup\") [Pickapeppa Sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pickapeppa_Sauce \"Pickapeppa Sauce\") [Salsa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salsa_\$sauce\$ \"Salsa (sauce)\") [Tomato chutney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_chutney \"Tomato chutney\") [Tomato compote](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_compote \"Tomato compote\") [Tomato jam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_jam \"Tomato jam\") [Tomato paste](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_paste \"Tomato paste\") [Tomato seed oil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_seed_oil \"Tomato seed oil\") |\n| Pest and [diseases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_tomato_diseases \"List of tomato diseases\") | [Curly top](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Curly_top \"Curly top\") [Fusarium wilt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fusarium \"Fusarium\") [Tobacco mosaic virus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tobacco_mosaic_virus \"Tobacco mosaic virus\") [Tomato fruitworm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helicoverpa_zea \"Helicoverpa zea\") [Tomato hornworm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manduca_quinquemaculata \"Manduca quinquemaculata\") [Tomato russet mite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aculops_lycopersici \"Aculops lycopersici\") |\n| See also | [2010 United States tomato shortage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_United_States_tomato_shortage \"2010 United States tomato shortage\") [British Tomato Growers' Association](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Tomato_Growers%27_Association \"British Tomato Growers' Association\") [Genetically modified tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetically_modified_tomato \"Genetically modified tomato\") [Flavr Savr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flavr_Savr \"Flavr Savr\") *[La Tomatina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Tomatina \"La Tomatina\")* [Museum of Tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Museum_of_Tomato \"Museum of Tomato\") *[Nix v. Hedden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nix_v._Hedden \"Nix v. Hedden\")* [Tomato knife](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_knife \"Tomato knife\") [Tomato slicer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_slicer \"Tomato slicer\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Tomatoes \"Category:Tomatoes\") |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q177#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [GND](https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4046188-9) [FAST](https:\/\/id.worldcat.org\/fast\/1064969) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/sh85102546) [France](https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb12002171q) [BnF data](https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb12002171q) [Czech Republic](https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124081&CON_LNG=ENG) [Spain](https:\/\/datos.bne.es\/resource\/XX551577) [Argentina](https:\/\/catalogo.bn.gov.ar\/F\/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000040757) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007550806905171) |\n| Other | [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/concept\/9776fc66-3b33-4c49-b823-3cec5eff706e) |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&oldid=1346950809>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Pizza \"Category:Pizza\")\n- [Cheese 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pizza&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nPizza\n\n147 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza)","attrs_readable_markdown":"|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/91\/Pizza-3007395.jpg\/330px-Pizza-3007395.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza-3007395.jpg)A pizza divided into eight slices |   |\n| Type | [Flatbread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flatbread \"Flatbread\") |\n| Course | One course meal |\n| Place of origin | [Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italy \"Italy\") |\n| Region or state | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\") |\n| Serving temperature | Hot or warm |\n| Main ingredients | Dough, sauce (usually [tomato sauce](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato_sauce \"Tomato sauce\")), cheese (typically [mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\")) |\n| Similar dishes | [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\"), [panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") |\n| [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) [Media: Pizza](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza \"commons:Pizza\") |   |\n\n**Pizza**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-2) is an [Italian dish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_cuisine \"Italian cuisine\") typically consisting of a flat base of [leavened](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leavening_agent \"Leavening agent\") [wheat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheat \"Wheat\")\\-based [dough](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dough \"Dough\") topped with [tomato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tomato \"Tomato\"), [cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese \"Cheese\"), and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven.\n\nThe term *pizza* was first recorded in AD 997, in a [Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin \"Latin\") manuscript from the [southern Italian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Italy \"Southern Italy\") town of [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), in Lazio, on the border with [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3) [Raffaele Esposito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raffaele_Esposito \"Raffaele Esposito\") is often credited for creating the modern pizza in [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\").[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Schwartz-4)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Dickie-5)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Orsini-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-7) In 2009, [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\")[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-8) was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed \"Traditional speciality guaranteed\") (TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intangible_cultural_heritage \"Intangible cultural heritage\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9)\n\nPizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including [pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizzeria \"Pizzeria\"), [Mediterranean restaurants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mediterranean_cuisine \"Mediterranean cuisine\"), via [delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_delivery \"Pizza delivery\"), and as [street food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Street_food \"Street food\").[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Miller-10) In Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-11)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-12) In casual settings, however, it is typically [cut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cutter \"Pizza cutter\") into slices to be eaten [while held in the hand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger_food \"Finger food\"). Pizza is also sold in [grocery stores](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grocery_stores \"Grocery stores\") in a variety of forms, including [frozen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_food \"Frozen food\") or as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven.\n\nIn 2017, the world pizza market was US\\$128 billion; in the US, it was \\$44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-13) Overall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-14)\n\nEtymology\n\nThe oldest recorded usage of the word *pizza* is thought to be from May 997 AD, appearing in the *[Codex diplomaticus Caietanus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Codex_diplomaticus_Caietanus \"Codex diplomaticus Caietanus\")*, a notarial [Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin \"Latin\") document from the town of [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), then still part of the [Byzantine Empire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byzantine_Empire \"Byzantine Empire\").[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-pizza-origin-telegraph-15) The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta *duodecim pizze* (lit. 'twelve pizzas'),[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-codex1887-16) a [pork shoulder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pork_shoulder \"Pork shoulder\") and kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on [Easter Sunday](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Easter_Sunday \"Easter Sunday\").[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17)\n\nSuggested etymologies include:\n\n- [Byzantine Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Byzantine_Greek \"Byzantine Greek\") and [Late Latin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Late_Latin \"Late Latin\") *pitta* \\> *pizza*, *cf.* Modern Greek [pitta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pita \"Pita\") bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then [Byzantine Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Catepanate_of_Italy \"Catepanate of Italy\")) *pitta*,[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-18) a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word *pitta* can in turn be traced to either [Ancient Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greek \"Ancient Greek\") πικτή (*pikte*), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became *picta*, or Ancient Greek πίσσα (*pissa*, [Attic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attic_Greek \"Attic Greek\"): πίττα, *pitta*), 'pitch',[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-19)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-20) or πήτεα (*pḗtea*), 'bran' (πητίτης, *pētítēs*, 'bran bread').[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-21)\n- The *[Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vocabolario_etimologico_della_lingua_italiana \"it:Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana\")* explains it as coming from dialectal *pinza*, 'clamp', as in modern Italian *pinze*, 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin *pinsere*, 'to pound, stamp'.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-22)\n- The [Lombardic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombardic_language \"Lombardic language\") word *bizzo* or *pizzo*, meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words *bit* and *bite*), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [Lombards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombards \"Lombards\").[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3)[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-23) The shift b→p could be explained by the [High German consonant shift](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_German_consonant_shift \"High German consonant shift\"), and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word *Imbiss* means 'snack'.\n\nA person who makes pizza is known as a *pizzaiolo*.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-24)\n\nThe word *pizza* was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called \"tomato pie\" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-25)\n\nHistory\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/56\/Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg\/250px-Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)\n\nAn illustration from 1830 of a *pizzaiolo* in Naples\n\nRecords of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the [Persian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persian_people \"Persian people\") soldiers of the [Achaemenid Empire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Achaemenid_Empire \"Achaemenid Empire\") during the rule of [Darius the Great](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Darius_the_Great \"Darius the Great\") baked flatbreads with cheese and [dates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Date_\$fruits\$ \"Date (fruits)\") on top of their battle shields[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-26)[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-27) and the [ancient Greeks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ancient_Greeks \"Ancient Greeks\") supplemented their bread with [oils](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetable_oil \"Vegetable oil\"), herbs, and cheese.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-28)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-29) An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the *[Aeneid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeneid \"Aeneid\")*, when Celaeno, queen of the [Harpies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harpies \"Harpies\"), foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, [Aeneas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeneas \"Aeneas\") and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the \"tables\" prophesied by Celaeno.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-30) In 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in [Pompeii](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pompeii \"Pompeii\") appearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it \"may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish\".[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-31)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-32) The first mention of the word *pizza* seemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997 AD from [Gaeta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaeta \"Gaeta\"), demanding a payment of \"twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day\".[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17)\n\nModern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) Before that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims,[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) although it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the [Columbian Exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbian_Exchange \"Columbian Exchange\"). Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have *stanze* with tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-34)\n\nA popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza, [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\"),[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-35) was invented in 1889, when the [Royal Palace of Capodimonte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Palace_of_Capodimonte \"Royal Palace of Capodimonte\") commissioned the Neapolitan *[pizzaiolo](https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/pizzaiolo \"wiktionary:pizzaiolo\")* ('pizza maker') [Raffaele Esposito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raffaele_Esposito \"Raffaele Esposito\") to create a pizza in honor of the visiting [Queen Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Margherita \"Queen Margherita\"). Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the [Italian flag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_flag \"Italian flag\")—red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen,[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-36) with an official letter of recognition from the queen's \"head of service\" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-37) Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-38)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-39)\n\nPizza was taken to the United States by [Italian immigrants](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian-American \"Italian-American\") in the late 19th century[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-40) and first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria, [Lombardi's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lombardi%27s \"Lombardi's\"), opened in New York City in 1905.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-inside-41) Italian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Chogath_Kog'sante-42)\n\nThe Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'True Neapolitan Pizza Association') is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\").[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-AVPN-43) In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed \"Traditional speciality guaranteed\") (TSG) dish,[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-44)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-45) and in 2017 the art of its making was included on [UNESCO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNESCO \"UNESCO\")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intangible_cultural_heritage \"Intangible cultural heritage\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9)\n\nPreparation\n\nPizza is sold fresh or [frozen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frozen_food \"Frozen food\"), whole or in [portion-size slices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\"). Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts.\n\nIn the US, another form of pizza is available from [take and bake pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take_and_bake_pizzeria \"Take and bake pizzeria\"). This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own [ovens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conventional_ovens \"Conventional ovens\"). Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven.\n\n- Pizza preparation\n- [![Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Pizza_1_bg.jpg\/330px-Pizza_1_bg.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_1_bg.jpg \"Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof\")\n  Pizza dough being [kneaded](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kneading \"Kneading\") before being left undisturbed and allowed time to [proof](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proofing_\$baking_technique\$ \"Proofing (baking technique)\")\n- [![Tossing pizza dough to stretch it](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8e\/Pizza_being_tossed.jpg\/250px-Pizza_being_tossed.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_being_tossed.jpg \"Tossing pizza dough to stretch it\")\n  Tossing pizza dough to stretch it\n- [![An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Neapolitan_pizza.jpg\/330px-Neapolitan_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Neapolitan_pizza.jpg \"An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven\")\n  An unbaked [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") on a metal [peel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peel_\$tool\$ \"Peel (tool)\"), ready for the oven\n- [![A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/24\/Frozen_pizza.jpg\/330px-Frozen_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Frozen_pizza.jpg \"A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home\")\n  A wrapped, [mass-produced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-produced \"Mass-produced\") frozen pizza to be baked at home\n\nBaking\n\nIn restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with [fire bricks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_brick \"Fire brick\") above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a [conveyor belt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conveyor_belt \"Conveyor belt\") oven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired [brick oven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brick_oven \"Brick oven\"). The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called \"[peel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peel_\$tool\$ \"Peel (tool)\")\", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-46) When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a [pizza stone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_stone \"Pizza stone\") in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-47) Some home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries,[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-48) in order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as [Sicilian pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_pizza \"Sicilian pizza\"), are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-49)\n\nMost restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas. [Mass production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_production \"Mass production\") of pizza by [chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_chain \"Pizza chain\") can be completely automated.\n\n- Pizza baking\n- [![Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg\/960px-Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg \"Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven\")\n  Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired [brick oven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brick_oven \"Brick oven\")\n- [![A pizza being removed with a wooden peel](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d7\/Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg\/500px-Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg \"A pizza being removed with a wooden peel\")\n  A pizza being removed with a wooden peel\n- [![A pizza Margherita](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg\/500px-Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg \"A pizza Margherita\")\n- [![Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg\/330px-Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg \"Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza\")\n  Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza\n- [![Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Grilled_pizza_2.jpg\/330px-Grilled_pizza_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Grilled_pizza_2.jpg \"Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range\")\n  Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range\n\nCrust\n\nThe bottom of the pizza, called the \"crust\", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") or thick as in a deep-dish [Chicago-style](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\"). It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the *cornicione*.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-50) Some pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-51)\n\nCheese\n\n[Mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\") is commonly used on pizza, with the [buffalo mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo_mozzarella \"Buffalo mozzarella\") produced in the surroundings of Naples.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-52) Other cheeses are also used, particularly [burrata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burrata \"Burrata\"), [Gorgonzola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gorgonzola \"Gorgonzola\"), [provolone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provolone \"Provolone\"), *[pecorino romano](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pecorino_romano \"Pecorino romano\")*, [ricotta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ricotta \"Ricotta\"), and *[scamorza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Scamorza \"Scamorza\")*. Less expensive [processed cheeses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Processed_cheese \"Processed cheese\") or [cheese analogues](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheese_analogue \"Cheese analogue\") have been developed for [mass-market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-market \"Mass-market\") pizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable [shelf life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shelf_life \"Shelf life\"). This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of [vegetable oil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vegetable_oil \"Vegetable oil\"), manufacturing and culture processes, [denatured](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denaturation_\$biochemistry\$ \"Denaturation (biochemistry)\") whey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-53)\n\nVarieties and styles\n\nA great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\")). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines.\n\nThe following lists show some notable pizza varieties:\n\n| Image | Name | Characteristic ingredients | Origin | First attested | Notes |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/Pizza_marinara.jpg\/250px-Pizza_marinara.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_marinara.jpg) | [Pizza marinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_marinara \"Pizza marinara\") | Tomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese. | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy | 1734 | One of the oldest Neapolitan pizza. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg\/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) | [Pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\") | Tomatoes, mozzarella, basil. | Naples, Italy | June 1889 | The archetypical [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\"). |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Pizza_capricciosa.jpg\/250px-Pizza_capricciosa.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_capricciosa.jpg) | [Pizza capricciosa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_capricciosa \"Pizza capricciosa\") | Ham, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes. | [Rome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rome \"Rome\"), Lazio, Italy | 1937 | Similar to [pizza quattro stagioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_stagioni \"Pizza quattro stagioni\"), but with toppings mixed rather than separated. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg\/250px-Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg) | [Pizza quattro stagioni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_stagioni \"Pizza quattro stagioni\") | Artichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes. | [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\"), Italy |   | The toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons. |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg\/250px-Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant,_Chalk_Farm_Road,_London.jpg) | [Pizza quattro formaggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_quattro_formaggi \"Pizza quattro formaggi\") | Prepared using four types of cheese (Italian: [\\[ˈkwattro forˈmaddʒi\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Italian \"Help:IPA\/Italian\"), 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region. | [Lazio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazio \"Lazio\"), Italy | Its origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-54) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Seafood_pizza_\$1\$.jpg) | [Seafood pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seafood_pizza \"Seafood pizza\") | Seafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid. | Italy |   | Subvarieties include *pizza ai frutti di mare* (no cheese) and *pizza pescatore* (with mussels or squid). |\n\nStyles\n\n| Image | Name | Characteristics | Origin | First attested |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/CalzoneAlForno.jpg\/250px-CalzoneAlForno.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:CalzoneAlForno.jpg) | [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") | Pizza folded in half [turnover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turnover_\$food\$ \"Turnover (food)\")\\-style, baked. | [Naples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naples \"Naples\"), Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg\/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_\$Lyon\$_-_2.jpg) | [Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") | Similar to a calzone, but fried. | [Apulia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apulia \"Apulia\"), Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg\/250px-Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_\$1\$.jpg) | [Deep fried pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_fried_pizza \"Deep fried pizza\") (*pizza fritta*) | The pizza is [deep fried](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_fried \"Deep fried\") (cooked in oil) instead of baked. | Naples, Italy |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg\/250px-Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg) | *Pizzetta* | Small pizza served as an [hors d'oeuvre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hors_d%27oeuvre \"Hors d'oeuvre\") or [snack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snack \"Snack\"). | Italy |   |\n\n| Image | Name | Characteristics | Origin | First attested |\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c9\/California_club_pizza.jpg\/250px-California_club_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:California_club_pizza.jpg) | [California-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California-style_pizza \"California-style pizza\") | Distinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce. | California, U.S. | 1980 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg\/250px-Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg) | [Chicago-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\") | Baked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. | [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago \"Chicago\"), U.S. | c. 1940s |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/75\/Colorado_Pizza.jpg\/250px-Colorado_Pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colorado_Pizza.jpg) | [Colorado-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado-style_pizza \"Colorado-style pizza\") | Made with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment. | [Colorado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colorado \"Colorado\"), U.S. | 1973 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png\/250px-Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png) | [Detroit-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit-style_pizza \"Detroit-style pizza\") | The cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge. | [Detroit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit \"Detroit\"), U.S. | 1946 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4c\/Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg\/250px-Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_\$72126\$.jpg) | [New Haven–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New Haven–style pizza\") | Distinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring. | [New Haven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven,_Connecticut \"New Haven, Connecticut\"), U.S. | 1925 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg\/250px-Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg) | [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\") | Neapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust. | [New York metropolitan area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York_metropolitan_area \"New York metropolitan area\") (and beyond) | Early 1900s |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6f\/Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG\/250px-Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG) | [St. Louis–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza \"St. Louis–style pizza\") | The style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges. | [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis \"St. Louis\"), U.S. | 1945 |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/70\/Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg\/250px-Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg) | [Windsor–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windsor%E2%80%93style_pizza \"Windsor–style pizza\") | Distinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms. | [Windsor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Windsor,_Ontario \"Windsor, Ontario\"), Canada | 1950s |\n\nBy region of origin\n\nItaly\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg\/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)\n\nThe ingredients of traditional [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\")—tomatoes (red), [mozzarella](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\") (white), and [basil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basil \"Basil\") (green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national [flag of Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flag_of_Italy \"Flag of Italy\").[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-55)\n\nAuthentic [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\") (Italian: *pizza napoletana*) is made with [San Marzano tomatoes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/San_Marzano_tomato \"San Marzano tomato\"), grown on the volcanic plains south of [Mount Vesuvius](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mount_Vesuvius \"Mount Vesuvius\"), and either *[mozzarella di bufala campana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella_di_bufala_campana \"Mozzarella di bufala campana\")*, made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of [Campania](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Campania \"Campania\") and [Lazio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazio \"Lazio\"),[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) or *[fior di latte](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mozzarella \"Mozzarella\")*.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-57) Buffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European [protected designation of origin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protected_designation_of_origin \"Protected designation of origin\") (PDO).[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) Other traditional pizzas include [pizza marinara](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_marinara \"Pizza marinara\"), supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza,[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-58) and [pizza capricciosa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_capricciosa \"Pizza capricciosa\"), which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-59)\n\nA popular variant of pizza in Italy is [Sicilian pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicilian_pizza \"Sicilian pizza\"),[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-WiseGeek-60)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-61) a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in [Sicily](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sicily \"Sicily\"): it is essentially a [focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Gangi2007-62) Other variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example *pizza al padellino* or *pizza al tegamino*, a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in [Turin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turin \"Turin\"), Piedmont.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-63)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-64)[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-65)\n\nUnited States\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg\/250px-Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)\n\nPizza banquet in the [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House \"White House\") serving [Chicago-style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago-style_pizza \"Chicago-style pizza\") (2009)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/NewYorkSlices.jpg\/250px-NewYorkSlices.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:NewYorkSlices.jpg)\n\nCaramelized crust of [slices](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\") of [New York–style pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\")\n\nThe first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's [Little Italy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Little_Italy,_Manhattan \"Little Italy, Manhattan\") in 1905.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-LonelyPlanet-66) Common toppings for pizza in the United States include [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"), ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers, [pepperoni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pepperoni \"Pepperoni\"), pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a \"cheese pizza\" or a \"plain pizza\".[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Sintumuang-67) Distinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including [Buffalo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buffalo,_New_York \"Buffalo, New York\"),[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-68) [California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California-style_pizza \"California-style pizza\"), [Chicago](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_dish_pizza \"Deep dish pizza\"), [Detroit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Detroit-style_pizza \"Detroit-style pizza\"), [Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greek_pizza \"Greek pizza\"), [New Haven](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New Haven–style pizza\"), [New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\"), and [St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza \"St. Louis–style pizza\") styles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, [rolled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_rolls \"Pizza rolls\"), and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings.\n\nThirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-69) [Pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_chains_of_the_United_States \"List of pizza chains of the United States\") such as [Domino's Pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Domino%27s_Pizza \"Domino's Pizza\"), [Pizza Hut](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Hut \"Pizza Hut\"), and [Papa John's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papa_John%27s \"Papa John's\"), pizzas from [take and bake pizzerias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Take_and_bake_pizzeria \"Take and bake pizzeria\"), and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. [Pizza by the slice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_by_the_slice \"Pizza by the slice\") is available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with [New York City](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza \"New York–style pizza\"), where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors.\n\nArgentina\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png\/250px-Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)\n\nTraditional [Argentine-style pizzas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_pizza \"Argentine pizza\") *de molde* being prepared at a pizzeria in [Buenos Aires](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires \"Buenos Aires\")\n\n[Argentine pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_pizza \"Argentine pizza\") is a mainstay of the [country's cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_cuisine \"Argentine cuisine\"),[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-rough-70) especially of its capital [Buenos Aires](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires \"Buenos Aires\"), where it is regarded as a [cultural heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_heritage \"Cultural heritage\") and [icon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_icon \"Cultural icon\") of the city.[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Pizza11-71)[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-picsa-73) Argentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year).[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) As such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza.[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) The dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive [Italian immigration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italian_Argentines \"Italian Argentines\"), as part of a broader [great European immigration wave to the country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina \"Great European immigration wave to Argentina\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) Thus, around the same time that the iconic [pizza Margherita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_Margherita \"Pizza Margherita\")[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-75) was being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) In the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77)[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76)\n\nThe most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called *pizza de molde* (Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a \"thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust\".[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) This style, which today\\[*[when?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\] is identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a [main course](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_course \"Main course\").[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) The name *pizza de molde* emerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Since they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas, *fugazzetas* or *fugazzas*.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78)\n\nOther styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic *[fugazza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fugazza \"Fugazza\")* and its derivative *fugazzeta* or *fugazza con queso* (a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria),[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) or the *pizza de cancha* or *canchera* (a cheese-less variant).[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-79) Most pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed \"*muza*\" or \"*musa*\"; the *napolitana* or \"*napo*\", with \"cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives\", not to be confused with [Neapolitan pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neapolitan_pizza \"Neapolitan pizza\");[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) *calabresa*, with slices of *[longaniza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Longaniza \"Longaniza\")*;[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) *jamon y morrones*, with sliced [ham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ham \"Ham\") and roasted [bell peppers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_peppers \"Bell peppers\");[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) as well as versions with [provolone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Provolone \"Provolone\"), with [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"),[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) with [hearts of palm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hearts_of_palm \"Hearts of palm\"), or with chopped [hard boiled egg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hard_boiled_egg \"Hard boiled egg\").[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) A typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with *[fainá](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fain%C3%A1 \"Fainá\")*, a pancake made from [chickpea flour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chickpea_flour \"Chickpea flour\").[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-81)\n\nDessert pizza\n\nThe terms *dessert pizza* and *sweet pizza* are used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including [chocolate pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_pizza \"Chocolate pizza\") and [fruit pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fruit_pizza \"Fruit pizza\").[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-82)[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-83) Some are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base,[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-84) while others have a [cookie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookie \"Cookie\")\\-like base[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-85) and resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas.[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-86)[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-87)\n\nNutrition\n\nMany [mass-produced](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass-produced \"Mass-produced\") pizzas by American [pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_chain \"Pizza chain\") have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in [calories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_energy \"Food energy\"). The [USDA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USDA \"USDA\") reports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-88)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-89)[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-90)\n\nSimilar dishes\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg\/250px-Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)\n\n*[Focaccia al rosmarino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia#Focaccia_al_rosmarino \"Focaccia\")*\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4b\/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg\/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_\$Lyon\$_-_2.jpg)\n\n[Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\")\n\n- [Calzone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calzone \"Calzone\") and [stromboli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stromboli_\$food\$ \"Stromboli (food)\") are similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling.\n- *[Coca](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coca_\$pastry\$ \"Coca (pastry)\")* is a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions.\n- *[Farinata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farinata \"Farinata\")* or *cecina* is a Ligurian (*farinata*) and Tuscan (*cecina*) regional dish.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-91) It is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice.\n- *[Flammekueche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flammekueche \"Flammekueche\")* is a food speciality of the Alsace region.\n- [Focaccia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Focaccia \"Focaccia\") is a flat [leavened](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leavening_agent \"Leavening agent\") oven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called *pizza bianca* (\n  lit.\n  'white pizza').[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-Riolo_2012-92)\n- [Garlic fingers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garlic_fingers \"Garlic fingers\") is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon.\n- *[İçli pide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_pide \"İçli pide\")*, or simply *pide*, is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as \"Turkish pizza\".\n- *[Khachapuri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khachapuri \"Khachapuri\")* is a Georgian cheese-filled bread.\n- *[Lahmacun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lahmacun \"Lahmacun\")* is a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-93)\n- *[Manakish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manakish \"Manakish\")* is a Levantine flatbread dish.\n- [Matzah pizza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matzah_pizza \"Matzah pizza\") is a Jewish pizza dish.\n- *[Okonomiyaki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Okonomiyaki \"Okonomiyaki\")*, often referred to as \"Japanese pizza\", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-94)\n- [Panzerotti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Panzerotti \"Panzerotti\") are similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked.\n- *[Pastrmajlija](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastrmajlija \"Pastrmajlija\")* (nicknamed Macedonian pizza)[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-95) is a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it.\n- *[Piadina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Piadina \"Piadina\")* is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region.\n- [Pinsa (bread)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pinsa_\$bread\$ \"Pinsa (bread)\") is a flatbread with sauce applied after baking.\n- *[Pissaladière](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pissaladi%C3%A8re \"Pissaladière\")* is similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions, [anchovies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anchovies_as_food \"Anchovies as food\"), and olives.\n- [Pizza bagel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_bagel \"Pizza bagel\") is a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas.\n- [Pizza cake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cake \"Pizza cake\") is a multiple-layer pizza.\n- [Pizza rolls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_rolls \"Pizza rolls\") are a frozen snack product.\n- [Pizza strips](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_strips \"Pizza strips\") is a tomato pie of Italian-American origin.\n- [Sfiha](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sfiha \"Sfiha\") is a Levantine flatbread with toppings.\n- *[Wähe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C3%A4he \"Wähe\")* is a Swiss type of tart.\n- Zanzibar pizza is a street food served in [Stone Town](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stone_Town \"Stone Town\"), Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like [filo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Filo \"Filo\") dough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan *[basṭīla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pastilla \"Pastilla\")*.[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-96)\n- *[Zwiebelkuchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zwiebelkuchen \"Zwiebelkuchen\")* is a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds.\n\nSee also\n\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Pizzas](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Pizzas \"commons:Category:Pizzas\") at Wikimedia Commons\n\n- [List of baked goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_baked_goods \"List of baked goods\")\n- [List of pizza chains](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_chains \"List of pizza chains\")\n- [List of pizza varieties by country](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country \"List of pizza varieties by country\")\n- [Pizza cheese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_cheese \"Pizza cheese\") – cheese for use specifically on pizza\n- [Pizza delivery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_delivery \"Pizza delivery\") – service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer\n- [Pizza farm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_farm \"Pizza farm\") – farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices\n- [Pizza party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_party \"Pizza party\") – social gathering at which pizza is eaten\n- [Pizza saver](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_saver \"Pizza saver\") – object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing\n- [Pizza theorem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_theorem \"Pizza theorem\") – equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point\n- [Pizza in the United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza_in_the_United_States \"Pizza in the United States\")\n\nNotes\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-2)** English:  [*PEET\\-sə*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key \"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\"),[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_note-1) Italian: [\\[ˈpittsa\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Italian \"Help:IPA\/Italian\"), Neapolitan: [\\[ˈpittsə\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/Neapolitan \"Help:IPA\/Neapolitan\").\n\nReferences\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"144843\"](https:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/144843). *[Oxford English Dictionary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oxford_English_Dictionary \"Oxford English Dictionary\")* (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.\n   \n   (Subscription or [participating institution membership](https:\/\/www.oed.com\/public\/login\/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.)\n2. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-1)\n   Maiden, Martin. [\"Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20030115224054\/http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/library\/pizza.html). *yourDictionary.com*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/library\/pizza.html) on January 15, 2003.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0)**\n   Schwartz, Arthur (1998). *Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania*. Harper Collins. p. 68. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [9780060182618](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780060182618 \"Special:BookSources\/9780060182618\")\n   \n   .\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Dickie_5-0)**\n   Dickie, John (2008). *Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food*. p. 186.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Orsini_6-0)**\n   Orsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007). *Italian Baking Secrets*. p. 99.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130207192931\/http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). *ITALY Magazine*. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2022.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240620005634\/https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-1)\n   [\"Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/dec\/07\/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status). *The Guardian*. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0261-3077](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0261-3077). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171207084312\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2017\/dec\/07\/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status) from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Miller_10-0)**\n   Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). [\"American Pie\"](http:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/content\/american-pie). *[American Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Heritage_\$magazine\$ \"American Heritage (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120203155552\/http:\/\/www.americanheritage.com\/content\/american-pie) from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-11)**\n    Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). [\"How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/food\/2019\/sep\/06\/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza). *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*. London. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190914233416\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/food\/2019\/sep\/06\/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza) from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-12)**\n    Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). [\"Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2014\/01\/13\/262087618\/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit). The Salt (blog). [National Public Radio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Public_Radio \"National Public Radio\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190920211635\/https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2014\/01\/13\/262087618\/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit) from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-13)**\n    Hynum, Rick (December 2016). [\"Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report\"](http:\/\/www.pmq.com\/December-2016\/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report\/). *PMQ Pizza Magazine*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170729002308\/http:\/\/www.pmq.com\/December-2016\/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report\/) from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-14)**\n    Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). [\"Consumption of Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). *Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11*. USDA. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170930194112\/https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-pizza-origin-telegraph_15-0)**\n    Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). [\"Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?\"](https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/foodanddrink\/foodanddrinknews\/11408256\/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html). *[The Daily Telegraph](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Daily_Telegraph \"The Daily Telegraph\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241102223327\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/foodanddrink\/foodanddrinknews\/11408256\/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html) from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2025. \"Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the \"codex diplomaticus cajtanus\" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano.\"\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-codex1887_16-0)**\n    [*Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=R7pEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181). Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. \"*Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli.*\"\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-1)\n    [\"Sorpresa: la parola \"pizza\" è nata a Gaeta\"](https:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2015\/02\/09\/news\/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635\/) \\[Surprise: the word \"pizza\" was born in Gaeta\\]. *La Repubblica* (in Italian). February 9, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211116203026\/https:\/\/napoli.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2015\/02\/09\/news\/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635\/) from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-18)**\n    Babiniotis, Georgios (2005).\n    \n    Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας\n    \n    \\[*[Dictionary of Modern Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dictionary_of_Modern_Greek \"Dictionary of Modern Greek\")*\\] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-960-86190-1-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-960-86190-1-2 \"Special:BookSources\/978-960-86190-1-2\")\n    \n    .\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=pizza). *Online Etymology Dictionary*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071024174005\/http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?term=pizza) from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-20)**\n    [\"*Pissa*, Liddell and Scott, \"A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus\"](https:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/cgi-bin\/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267). Perseus.tufts.edu. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104553\/http:\/\/www.perseus.tufts.edu\/hopper\/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267&redirect=true) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/search?q=pizza&r=66). Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 5, 2009.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-22)** [\"pizza\"](http:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pizza) ([Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104555\/https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/search?q=pizza) February 21, 2022, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\")), *Online Etymology Dictionary*.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.garzantilinguistica.it\/ricerca\/?q=pizza). *Garzanti Linguistica*. De Agostini Scuola Spa. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140201194513\/http:\/\/www.garzantilinguistica.it\/ricerca\/?q=pizza) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-24)**\n    Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). [\"Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home\/). [CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\").\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-25)**\n    Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). [\"The Many Lives of Tomato Pie\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/10\/06\/dining\/tomato-pie-pizza.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). Retrieved October 15, 2023.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-26)**\n    Barrett, Liz (2014). [*Pizza, A Slice of American History*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=vPCuBAAAQBAJ). Voyageur Press. p. 13. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-7603-4560-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-4560-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7603-4560-3\")\n    \n    .\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-27)**\n    Edwards, W. P. (2007). [*The Science of Bakery Products*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-85404-486-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-85404-486-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-85404-486-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20260110044022\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199) from the original on January 10, 2026. Retrieved February 18, 2025.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-28)**\n    Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). *Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles*. Lulu publishers. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1304961358](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1304961358 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1304961358\")\n    \n    .\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-29)**\n    Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). *Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table*. Firefly. p. 78.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170329051513\/http:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/dcc.dickinson.edu\/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy) on March 29, 2017.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-66031341). *BBC News*. [BBC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC \"BBC\"). June 17, 2023. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230627173311\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-europe-66031341) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii\"](https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2023-06-28\/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii\/102533868). *ABC News*. June 27, 2023. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230627233613\/https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2023-06-28\/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii\/102533868) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023.\n32. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-1)\n    Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-86189-391-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8\")\n    \n    .\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-34)**\n    [de Sanctis, Francesco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francesco_de_Sanctis \"Francesco de Sanctis\"). *La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico*. p. 39. \"In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità.\"\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-35)**\n    [\"Margherita Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/recipe\/pizza\/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-36)**\n    [\"Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130207192931\/http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). *Italy Magazine*. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.italymag.co.uk\/italy-featured\/recipes\/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2012.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-37)**\n    Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). [*La Bella Lingua*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_f9cU9A5l-0C) (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0767932110](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0767932110 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0767932110\")\n    \n    . Retrieved August 29, 2024.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-38)**\n    [\"Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121231225517\/http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/food\/0\/20515123). *BBC Food*. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/food\/0\/20515123) on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-39)**\n    Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). [\"Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita\"](https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263340437). *Food, Culture & Society*. **17** (1): 103–124\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.2752\/175174414X13828682779249](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2752%2F175174414X13828682779249). [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [1552-8014](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/1552-8014). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [142371201](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:142371201). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240318133729\/https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/263340437_Folklore_Fakelore_History_Invented_Tradition_and_the_Origins_of_the_Pizza_Margherita) from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2023.\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-40)**\n    Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. Reaktion Books. p. 48. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-86189-630-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-630-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-630-8\")\n    \n    .\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-inside_41-0)**\n    Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). *Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City*. New York: Free Press. pp. 194–95\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1416589976](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1416589976 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1416589976\")\n    \n    .\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Chogath_Kog'sante_42-0)**\n    Turim, Gayle. [\"A Slice of History: Pizza Through the Ages\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141218222816\/http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/hungry-history\/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages). *[History.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History.com \"History.com\")*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/hungry-history\/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2026.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-AVPN_43-0)**\n    [\"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)\"](http:\/\/www.pizzanapoletana.org\/eng_chisiamo.php). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170709015157\/http:\/\/www.pizzanapoletana.org\/eng_chisiamo.php) from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-44)** Official Journal of the European Union, [Commission regulation (EU) No 97\/2010](http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130603155915\/http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) June 3, 2013, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), February 5, 2010.\n44. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-45)** International Trademark Association, [European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains \"Traditional Speciality Guaranteed\" status](http:\/\/www.inta.org\/INTABulletin\/Pages\/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140819084957\/http:\/\/www.inta.org\/INTABulletin\/Pages\/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) August 19, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), April 1, 2010.\n45. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-46)**\n    Owens, Martin J. (2003). [*Make Great Pizza at Home*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3). Taste of America Press. p. 3. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-9744470-0-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-9744470-0-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-9744470-0-1\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160527174523\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3) from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-47)**\n    Chen, Angus (July 23, 2018). [\"Pizza Physics: Why Brick Ovens Bake The Perfect Italian-Style Pie\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2018\/07\/23\/630544154\/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie). [NPR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NPR \"NPR\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180724111753\/https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thesalt\/2018\/07\/23\/630544154\/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie) from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.\n47. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\"pizza oven kits\"](https:\/\/www.californo.co\/collections\/pizza-oven-kits\/). Californo. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180426080338\/https:\/\/www.californo.co\/collections\/pizza-oven-kits\/) from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-49)**\n    Delpha, John (March 10, 2015). [*Grilled Pizza the Right Way: The Best Technique for Cooking Incredible Tasting Pizza & Flatbread on Your Barbecue Perfectly Chewy & Crispy Every Time*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Page Street Publishing. p. 208. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-62414-106-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5\")\n    \n    . Retrieved September 18, 2025.\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-50)**\n    Braimbridge, Sophie; Glynn, Joanne (2005). [*Food of Italy*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nXUkqkBA-DkC&pg=PA167). Murdoch Books. p. 167. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-74045-464-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-74045-464-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-74045-464-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160614000129\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=nXUkqkBA-DkC&pg=PA167) from the original on June 14, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-51)**\n    DeAngelis, Dominick A. (December 1, 2011). *The Art of Pizza Making: Trade Secrets and Recipes*. The Creative Pizza Company. pp. 20–28\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-9632034-0-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-9632034-0-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-9632034-0-3\")\n    \n    .\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-52)**\n    Anderson, Sam (October 11, 2012). [\"Go Ahead, Milk My Day\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/10\/14\/magazine\/buffalo-mozzarella-craig-ramini.html?pagewanted=all). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140717093819\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/10\/14\/magazine\/buffalo-mozzarella-craig-ramini.html?pagewanted=all) from the original on July 17, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2014.\n52. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-53)**\n    Fox, Patrick F.; et al. (2000). [*Fundamentals of Cheese Science*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-oRp5VCVTQQC&q=pizza+cheese&pg=PA482). Aspen Pub. p. 482. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-8342-1260-2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-8342-1260-2 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-8342-1260-2\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160514100205\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=-oRp5VCVTQQC&pg=PA482&dq=pizza+cheese) from the original on May 14, 2016.\n53. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-54)**\n    [\"La pizza 4 fromages : origines et recettes\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221121153146\/https:\/\/le80.fr\/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes\/). Restaurant le Quatre Vingt. May 31, 2017. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/le80.fr\/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes\/) on November 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2023.\n54. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-55)**\n    Arturo Iengo (2008). [*Cucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City*](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180616053516\/https:\/\/books.google.it\/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&pg=PA126&dq=pizzeria+Brandi&hl=it&sa=X&ei=N6-EU6bFMKGs0QX3poCIAQ&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ). New Holland Publishers. p. 126. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-84537-989-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-84537-989-6 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-84537-989-6\")\n    \n    . Archived from [the original](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&q=pizzeria+Brandi&pg=PA126) on June 16, 2018. Retrieved December 12, 2017.\n55. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Selezione_geografica_56-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Selezione_geografica_56-1)\n    [\"Selezione geografica\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20050218123118\/http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/agriculture\/qual\/it\/147_it.htm). Europa.eu.int. February 23, 2009. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/europa.eu.int\/comm\/agriculture\/qual\/it\/147_it.htm) on February 18, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"How to Make Neapolitan Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240620005634\/https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/italian-food\/how-to-cook\/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"La vera storia della pizza napoletana\"](http:\/\/cultura.biografieonline.it\/storia-della-pizza-napoletana\/). Biografieonline.it. May 20, 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130629185436\/http:\/\/cultura.biografieonline.it\/storia-della-pizza-napoletana\/) from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-59)**\n    Guides, Rough (August 1, 2011). Rough Guides (ed.). [*Rough Guide Phrasebook: Italian: Italian*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=mm_xkiHltdAC&pg=PA244). Penguin. p. 244. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-4053-8646-3](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4053-8646-3 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-4053-8646-3\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160512221201\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=mm_xkiHltdAC&pg=PA244) from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015.\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-WiseGeek_60-0)**\n    [\"What is Sicilian Pizza?\"](http:\/\/www.wisegeek.org\/what-is-sicilian-pizza.htm). *WiseGeek*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130314100947\/http:\/\/www.wisegeek.org\/what-is-sicilian-pizza.htm) from the original on March 14, 2013. Retrieved April 14, 2013.\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-61)**\n    Giorgio Locatelli (December 26, 2012). [*Made In Sicily*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PyNb-aKOlqAC&q=Sfincione&pg=PT55). Harper Collins. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-06-213038-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-213038-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-06-213038-9\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210502112933\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=PyNb-aKOlqAC&q=Sfincione&pg=PT55) from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2013.\n61. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Gangi2007_62-0)**\n    Gangi, Roberta (2007). [\"Sfincione\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140402082228\/http:\/\/bestofsicily.com\/mag\/art250.htm). Best of Sicily Magazine. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/bestofsicily.com\/mag\/art250.htm) on April 2, 2014.\n62. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-63)**\n    [\"Torino: la riscoperta della pizza al padellino\"](https:\/\/www.agrodolce.it\/2014\/04\/03\/torino-la-riscoperta-della-pizza-al-padellino\/). Agrodolce. April 3, 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208225145\/http:\/\/www.agrodolce.it\/2014\/04\/03\/torino-la-riscoperta-della-pizza-al-padellino\/) from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n63. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-64)**\n    [\"Pizza al padellino (o tegamino): che cos'è?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151210202900\/http:\/\/www.gelapajo.it\/pizza-al-padellino-che-cose\/). Gelapajo.it. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.gelapajo.it\/pizza-al-padellino-che-cose\/) on December 10, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n64. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-65)**\n    [\"Beniamino, il profeta della pizza gourmet\"](http:\/\/torino.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/01\/19\/news\/beniamino_il_profeta_della_pizza_gourmet-50867170\/?refresh_ce). Torino – Repubblica.it. January 19, 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151208211633\/http:\/\/torino.repubblica.it\/cronaca\/2013\/01\/19\/news\/beniamino_il_profeta_della_pizza_gourmet-50867170\/?refresh_ce) from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2015.\n65. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-LonelyPlanet_66-0)**\n    Otis, Ginger Adams (2010). [*New York City 7*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=btN9Lh8v3OQC&q=New+York-style+pizza&pg=PA256). Lonely Planet. p. 256. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1741795912](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1741795912 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1741795912\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104604\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=btN9Lh8v3OQC&q=New+York-style+pizza&pg=PA256) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2012.\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Sintumuang_67-0)**\n    Sintumuang, Kevin (September 8, 2021). [\"So What Do You Call a Pizza With No Toppings?\"](https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/food-drink\/food\/a37505543\/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular\/). *[Esquire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Esquire_\$magazine\$ \"Esquire (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230324225123\/https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/food-drink\/food\/a37505543\/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular\/) from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2025.\n67. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-68)**\n    Bovino, Arthur (August 13, 2018). [\"Is America's Pizza Capital Buffalo, New York?\"](https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york). *The Daily Beast*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220221104621\/https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2019.\n68. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-69)**\n    Rhodes, Donna G.; Adler, Meghan E.; Clemens, John C.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna J. [\"Consumption of Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/ARSUserFiles\/80400530\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141005073823\/http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/SP2UserFiles\/Place\/12355000\/pdf\/DBrief\/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014.\n69. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-rough_70-0)**\n    Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000). [*The Rough Guide to Argentina*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40). [Rough Guides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rough_Guides \"Rough Guides\"). p. 40. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-185-828-569-6](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-185-828-569-6 \"Special:BookSources\/978-185-828-569-6\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231103093706\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40) from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2022 – via [Google Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google_Books \"Google Books\").\n70. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Pizza11_71-0)** *Pizzerías de valor patrimonial de Buenos Aires* (2008), p. 11.\n71. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-5) [***g***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-6) [***h***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-7)\n    Lazar, Allie (April 25, 2016). [\"Buenos Aires Makes Some of the World's Best (and Weirdest) Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/buenos-aires-pizza-guide\/). *[Saveur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saveur \"Saveur\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221210164913\/https:\/\/www.saveur.com\/buenos-aires-pizza-guide\/) from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n72. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-picsa_73-0)**\n    Sorba, Pietro (October 15, 2021). [\"La reivindicación de la pizza de molde argentina\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/reivindicacion-pizza-molde-argentina_0_xiem20omX.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved August 4, 2023.\n73. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-3)\n    Gómez, Leire (July 17, 2015). [\"Buenos Aires: la ciudad de la pizza\"](https:\/\/www.tapasmagazine.es\/buenos-aires-la-ciudad-de-la-pizza\/). *Tapas* (in Spanish). Madrid: [SpainMedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=SpainMedia&action=edit&redlink=1 \"SpainMedia (page does not exist)\") \\[[es](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spainmedia \"es:Spainmedia\")\\]. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n74. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-75)**\n    [\"Margherita Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.lacucinaitaliana.com\/recipe\/pizza\/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024.\n75. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-1)\n    Hidalgo, Joaquín; Auzmendi, Martín (October 6, 2018). [\"De Nápoles a la Argentina: la historia de la pizza y cómo llegó a ser un emblema nacional\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/entremujeres\/bienestar\/napoles-argentina-historia-pizza-llego-emblema-nacional_0_y6rkpAMtG.html). *Entremujeres. [Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n76. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-2)\n    Acuña, Cecilia (June 26, 2017). [\"La historia de la pizza argentina: ¿de dónde salió la media masa?\"](https:\/\/www.lanacion.com.ar\/sociedad\/la-historia-de-la-pizza-argentina-de-donde-salio-la-media-masa-nid2036460\/). *[La Nación](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Naci%C3%B3n \"La Nación\")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n77. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-1)\n    Pepe Arias, Gimena (June 25, 2022). [\"Pizza a la piedra vs. pizza al molde: dos estilos que dividen a los argentinos\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211000305\/https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/gourmet\/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n78. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-79)**\n    Firpo, Hernán (October 20, 2018). [\"Angelín cumple 80 años: mitos y verdades de una pizzería indispensable\"](https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/espectaculos\/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html). *[Clarín](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clar%C3%ADn_\$Argentine_newspaper\$ \"Clarín (Argentine newspaper)\")* (in Spanish). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211210007\/https:\/\/www.clarin.com\/espectaculos\/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.\n79. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-1)\n    [\"Tipos de pizzas en Argentina\"](https:\/\/www.diariodemocracia.com\/locales\/junin\/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende\/). *[Diario Democracia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diario_Democracia \"Diario Democracia\")* (in Spanish). Junín. January 10, 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221211220300\/https:\/\/www.diariodemocracia.com\/locales\/junin\/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende\/) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022.\n80. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-81)**\n    Booth, Amy (May 10, 2022). [\"Buenos Aires' unusual pizza topping\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/travel\/article\/20220509-fain-buenos-aires-unusual-pizza-topping). [BBC Travel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_Travel \"BBC Travel\"). Retrieved December 10, 2022.\n81. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-82)**\n    Colognese, Marco. [\"Sweet pizza, the new dessert in pizzeria\"](https:\/\/pizzastories.le5stagioni.it\/en\/lifestyle\/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria). *pizzastories.le5stagioni.it*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506095849\/https:\/\/pizzastories.le5stagioni.it\/en\/lifestyle\/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n82. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-83)**\n    [\"These Sweet Dessert Pizza Recipes Are A Little Slice Of Heaven\"](https:\/\/www.delish.com\/cooking\/recipe-ideas\/g2793\/dessert-pizza\/). *Delish*. June 24, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n83. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-84)**\n    [\"Chocolate pizza\"](https:\/\/www.bbcgoodfood.com\/recipes\/chocolate-pizza). *Good Food*. BBC. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n84. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-85)**\n    [\"Chocolate Cookie Pizza\"](https:\/\/www.bettycrocker.com\/recipes\/chocolate-cookie-pizza\/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2). Betty Crocker. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506074409\/https:\/\/www.bettycrocker.com\/recipes\/chocolate-cookie-pizza\/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024.\n85. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-86)**\n    [\"Menu: Desserts\"](https:\/\/mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com\/restaurant-menu\/main-menu). Pizza Express. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240506121741\/https:\/\/mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com\/restaurant-menu\/main-menu) from the original on May 6, 2024. 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Retrieved September 28, 2014.\n88. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-89)**\n    [\"Survey of pizzas\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20051228212200\/http:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/science\/surveillance\/fsis2004branch\/fsis5804). Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.food.gov.uk\/science\/surveillance\/fsis2004branch\/fsis5804) on December 28, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n89. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-90)**\n    [\"Health: Fast food salt levels \"shocking\"\"](https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/7050585.stm). BBC News. October 18, 2007. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090115140402\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/health\/7050585.stm) from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n90. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-91)**\n    [\"Brick Oven Cecina\"](https:\/\/www.fornobravo.com\/wood-fired-cooking\/cecina\/). Fornobravo.com. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20061016090551\/http:\/\/www.fornobravo.com\/brick_oven_cooking\/brick_oven_recipes\/flatbread\/cecina.html) from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2009.\n91. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-Riolo_2012_92-0)**\n    Riolo, A. (2012). [*The Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=RZbDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA260). American Diabetes Association. p. 260. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-58040-483-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-58040-483-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-58040-483-9\")\n    \n    .\n92. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-93)**\n    McKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016). [\"A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html). *The Independent*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161217165743\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/middle-east\/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html) from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.\n93. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-94)**\n    [\"hanamiweb.com\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070318144611\/http:\/\/www.hanamiweb.com\/okonomiyaki.html). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.hanamiweb.com\/okonomiyaki.html) on March 18, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2015.\n94. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-95)**\n    Jeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014). *The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition \\[4 Volumes\\]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe*. ABC-CLIO. p. 806. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781610694698](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781610694698 \"Special:BookSources\/9781610694698\")\n    \n    .\n95. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pizza#cite_ref-96)**\n    Samuelsson, Marcus (2006). *The soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa*. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-0-7645-6911-1](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-7645-6911-1 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-7645-6911-1\")\n    \n    . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [61748426](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/61748426).\n\nFurther reading\n\n- Chudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012). [\"An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.qsrmagazine.com\/news\/expert-guide-world-class-pizza). *QSR Magazine*. Retrieved October 16, 2012.\n- Delpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015). [*Grilled Pizza the Right Way*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Macmillan. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1-62414-106-5](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-62414-106-5\")\n  \n  .\n- Helstosky, Carol (2008). *Pizza: A Global History*. London: [Reaktion Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reaktion_Books \"Reaktion Books\"). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1-86189-391-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-86189-391-8\")\n  \n  . [OCLC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OCLC_\$identifier\$ \"OCLC (identifier)\") [225876066](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/oclc\/225876066).\n- Kliman, Todd (September 5, 2012). [\"Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.washingtonian.com\/articles\/food-dining\/easy-as-pie-a-guide-to-regional-pizza-styles\/). *[The Washingtonian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washingtonian_\$magazine\$ \"The Washingtonian (magazine)\")*.\n  Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, \"Gourmet\" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven.\n- Raichlen, Steven (2008). [*The Barbecue! Bible*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=FWKxatrLCjYC&q=%22grilled+pizza%22&pg=PA382). Workman Publishing. pp. 381–384\\. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-0761149446](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0761149446 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0761149446\")\n  \n  .\n- [\"The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza\"](http:\/\/www.saveur.com\/article\/hubs\/Pizza-Guide). *[Saveur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saveur \"Saveur\")*. Retrieved November 2, 2014.\n\nExternal links","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Pizza A pizza divided into eight slices Type Flatbread Course One course meal Place of origin Italy Region or state Naples , Campania Serving temperature Hot or warm Main ingredients Dough, sauce (usually tomato sauce ), cheese (typically mozzarella ) Similar dishes Calzone , panzerotti Media: Pizza Pizza [ a ] is an Italian dish typically consisting of a flat base of leavened wheat -based dough topped with tomato , cheese , and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven. The term pizza was first recorded in AD 997, in a Latin manuscript from the southern Italian town of Gaeta , in Lazio, on the border with Campania . [ 2 ] Raffaele Esposito is often credited for creating the modern pizza in Naples . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] In 2009, Neapolitan pizza [ 7 ] was registered with the European Union as a traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on UNESCO 's list of intangible cultural heritage . [ 8 ] Pizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including pizzerias , Mediterranean restaurants , via delivery , and as street food . [ 9 ] In Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] In casual settings, however, it is typically cut into slices to be eaten while held in the hand . Pizza is also sold in grocery stores in a variety of forms, including frozen or as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven. In 2017, the world pizza market was US$128 billion; in the US, it was $44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias. [ 12 ] Overall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day. [ 13 ] Etymology The oldest recorded usage of the word pizza is thought to be from May 997 AD, appearing in the Codex diplomaticus Caietanus , a notarial Latin document from the town of Gaeta , then still part of the Byzantine Empire . [ 14 ] The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta duodecim pizze ( lit. ' twelve pizzas ' ), [ 15 ] a pork shoulder and kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on Easter Sunday . [ 16 ] Suggested etymologies include: Byzantine Greek and Late Latin pitta > pizza , cf. Modern Greek pitta bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then Byzantine Italy ) pitta , [ 17 ] a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word pitta can in turn be traced to either Ancient Greek πικτή ( pikte ), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became picta , or Ancient Greek πίσσα ( pissa , Attic : πίττα, pitta ), 'pitch', [ 18 ] [ 19 ] or πήτεα ( pḗtea ), 'bran' ( πητίτης , pētítēs , 'bran bread'). [ 20 ] The Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language explains it as coming from dialectal pinza , 'clamp', as in modern Italian pinze , 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin pinsere , 'to pound, stamp'. [ 21 ] The Lombardic word bizzo or pizzo , meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words bit and bite ), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading Lombards . [ 2 ] [ 22 ] The shift b→p could be explained by the High German consonant shift , and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word Imbiss means 'snack'. A person who makes pizza is known as a pizzaiolo . [ 23 ] The word pizza was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called "tomato pie" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie. [ 24 ] History An illustration from 1830 of a pizzaiolo in Naples Records of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the Persian soldiers of the Achaemenid Empire during the rule of Darius the Great baked flatbreads with cheese and dates on top of their battle shields [ 25 ] [ 26 ] and the ancient Greeks supplemented their bread with oils , herbs, and cheese. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the Aeneid , when Celaeno, queen of the Harpies , foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, Aeneas and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the "tables" prophesied by Celaeno. [ 29 ] In 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in Pompeii appearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it "may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish". [ 30 ] [ 31 ] The first mention of the word pizza seemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997 AD from Gaeta , demanding a payment of "twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day". [ 16 ] Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples , Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century. [ 32 ] Before that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims, [ 32 ] although it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the Columbian Exchange . Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have stanze with tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot. [ 33 ] A popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza, pizza Margherita , [ 34 ] was invented in 1889, when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte commissioned the Neapolitan pizzaiolo ( ' pizza maker ' ) Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita . Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the Italian flag —red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen, [ 35 ] with an official letter of recognition from the queen's "head of service" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi. [ 36 ] Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] Pizza was taken to the United States by Italian immigrants in the late 19th century [ 39 ] and first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria, Lombardi's , opened in New York City in 1905. [ 40 ] Italian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world. [ 41 ] The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana ( lit. ' True Neapolitan Pizza Association ' ) is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional Neapolitan pizza . [ 42 ] In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) dish, [ 43 ] [ 44 ] and in 2017 the art of its making was included on UNESCO 's list of intangible cultural heritage . [ 8 ] Preparation Pizza is sold fresh or frozen , whole or in portion-size slices . Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts. In the US, another form of pizza is available from take and bake pizzerias . This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own ovens . Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven. Pizza preparation Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof Tossing pizza dough to stretch it An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel , ready for the oven A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home Baking In restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with fire bricks above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a conveyor belt oven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired brick oven . The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called " peel ", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it. [ 45 ] When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a pizza stone in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it. [ 46 ] Some home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries, [ 47 ] in order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as Sicilian pizza , are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven. [ 48 ] Most restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas. Mass production of pizza by chains can be completely automated. Pizza baking Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven A pizza being removed with a wooden peel Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range Crust The bottom of the pizza, called the "crust", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed Neapolitan pizza or thick as in a deep-dish Chicago-style . It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the cornicione . [ 49 ] Some pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust. [ 50 ] Cheese Mozzarella is commonly used on pizza, with the buffalo mozzarella produced in the surroundings of Naples. [ 51 ] Other cheeses are also used, particularly burrata , Gorgonzola , provolone , pecorino romano , ricotta , and scamorza . Less expensive processed cheeses or cheese analogues have been developed for mass-market pizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable shelf life . This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of vegetable oil , manufacturing and culture processes, denatured whey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe. [ 52 ] Varieties and styles A great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as New York–style pizza ). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines. The following lists show some notable pizza varieties: Italian varieties Image Name Characteristic ingredients Origin First attested Notes Pizza marinara Tomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese. Naples , Italy 1734 One of the oldest Neapolitan pizza. Pizza Margherita Tomatoes, mozzarella, basil. Naples, Italy June 1889 The archetypical Neapolitan pizza . Pizza capricciosa Ham, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes. Rome , Lazio, Italy 1937 Similar to pizza quattro stagioni , but with toppings mixed rather than separated. Pizza quattro stagioni Artichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes. Campania , Italy The toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons. Pizza quattro formaggi Prepared using four types of cheese ( Italian: [ˈkwattro forˈmaddʒi] , 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region. Lazio , Italy Its origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century. [ 53 ] Seafood pizza Seafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid. Italy Subvarieties include pizza ai frutti di mare (no cheese) and pizza pescatore (with mussels or squid). Styles Italian styles Image Name Characteristics Origin First attested Calzone Pizza folded in half turnover -style, baked. Naples , Italy Panzerotti Similar to a calzone, but fried. Apulia , Italy Deep fried pizza ( pizza fritta ) The pizza is deep fried (cooked in oil) instead of baked. Naples, Italy Pizzetta Small pizza served as an hors d'oeuvre or snack . Italy North American styles Image Name Characteristics Origin First attested California-style pizza Distinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce. California, U.S. 1980 Chicago-style pizza Baked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. Chicago , U.S. c. 1940s Colorado-style pizza Made with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment. Colorado , U.S. 1973 Detroit-style pizza The cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge. Detroit , U.S. 1946 New Haven–style pizza Distinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring. New Haven , U.S. 1925 New York–style pizza Neapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust. New York metropolitan area (and beyond) Early 1900s St. Louis–style pizza The style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges. St. Louis , U.S. 1945 Windsor–style pizza Distinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms. Windsor , Canada 1950s By region of origin Italy The ingredients of traditional pizza Margherita —tomatoes (red), mozzarella (white), and basil (green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national flag of Italy . [ 54 ] Authentic Neapolitan pizza (Italian: pizza napoletana ) is made with San Marzano tomatoes , grown on the volcanic plains south of Mount Vesuvius , and either mozzarella di bufala campana , made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of Campania and Lazio , [ 55 ] or fior di latte . [ 56 ] Buffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European protected designation of origin (PDO). [ 55 ] Other traditional pizzas include pizza marinara , supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza, [ 57 ] and pizza capricciosa , which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato. [ 58 ] A popular variant of pizza in Italy is Sicilian pizza , [ 59 ] [ 60 ] a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in Sicily : it is essentially a focaccia that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island. [ 61 ] Other variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example pizza al padellino or pizza al tegamino , a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in Turin , Piedmont. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] [ 64 ] United States Pizza banquet in the White House serving Chicago-style pizza (2009) Caramelized crust of slices of New York–style pizza The first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's Little Italy in 1905. [ 65 ] Common toppings for pizza in the United States include anchovies , ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers, pepperoni , pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a "cheese pizza" or a "plain pizza". [ 66 ] Distinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including Buffalo , [ 67 ] California , Chicago , Detroit , Greek , New Haven , New York , and St. Louis styles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, rolled , and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings. Thirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day. [ 68 ] Pizza chains such as Domino's Pizza , Pizza Hut , and Papa John's , pizzas from take and bake pizzerias , and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. Pizza by the slice is available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with New York City , where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors. Argentina Traditional Argentine-style pizzas de molde being prepared at a pizzeria in Buenos Aires Argentine pizza is a mainstay of the country's cuisine , [ 69 ] especially of its capital Buenos Aires , where it is regarded as a cultural heritage and icon of the city. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] [ 72 ] Argentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year). [ 73 ] As such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza. [ 71 ] [ 73 ] The dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive Italian immigration , as part of a broader great European immigration wave to the country . [ 71 ] Thus, around the same time that the iconic pizza Margherita [ 74 ] was being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital. [ 75 ] The impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina. [ 73 ] [ 76 ] In the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city. [ 76 ] [ 75 ] The most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called pizza de molde (Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a "thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust". [ 71 ] This style, which today [ when? ] is identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a main course . [ 73 ] [ 76 ] The name pizza de molde emerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans. [ 77 ] Since they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas, fugazzetas or fugazzas . [ 77 ] Other styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic fugazza and its derivative fugazzeta or fugazza con queso (a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria), [ 71 ] or the pizza de cancha or canchera (a cheese-less variant). [ 78 ] Most pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed " muza " or " musa "; the napolitana or " napo ", with "cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives", not to be confused with Neapolitan pizza ; [ 71 ] calabresa , with slices of longaniza ; [ 79 ] jamon y morrones , with sliced ham and roasted bell peppers ; [ 71 ] as well as versions with provolone , with anchovies , [ 79 ] with hearts of palm , or with chopped hard boiled egg . [ 71 ] A typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with fainá , a pancake made from chickpea flour . [ 80 ] Dessert pizza The terms dessert pizza and sweet pizza are used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including chocolate pizza and fruit pizza . [ 81 ] [ 82 ] Some are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base, [ 83 ] while others have a cookie -like base [ 84 ] and resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas. [ 85 ] [ 86 ] Nutrition Many mass-produced pizzas by American pizza chains have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in calories . The USDA reports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] [ 89 ] Similar dishes Focaccia al rosmarino Panzerotti Calzone and stromboli are similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling. Coca is a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions. Farinata or cecina is a Ligurian ( farinata ) and Tuscan ( cecina ) regional dish. [ 90 ] It is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice. Flammekueche is a food speciality of the Alsace region. Focaccia is a flat leavened oven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called pizza bianca ( lit. ' white pizza ' ). [ 91 ] Garlic fingers is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon. İçli pide , or simply pide , is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as "Turkish pizza". Khachapuri is a Georgian cheese-filled bread. Lahmacun is a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables. [ 92 ] Manakish is a Levantine flatbread dish. Matzah pizza is a Jewish pizza dish. Okonomiyaki , often referred to as "Japanese pizza", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate. [ 93 ] Panzerotti are similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked. Pastrmajlija (nicknamed Macedonian pizza) [ 94 ] is a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it. Piadina is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region. Pinsa (bread) is a flatbread with sauce applied after baking. Pissaladière is similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions, anchovies , and olives. Pizza bagel is a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas. Pizza cake is a multiple-layer pizza. Pizza rolls are a frozen snack product. Pizza strips is a tomato pie of Italian-American origin. Sfiha is a Levantine flatbread with toppings. Wähe is a Swiss type of tart. Zanzibar pizza is a street food served in Stone Town , Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like filo dough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan basṭīla . [ 95 ] Zwiebelkuchen is a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds. See also Media related to Pizzas at Wikimedia Commons List of baked goods List of pizza chains List of pizza varieties by country Pizza cheese – cheese for use specifically on pizza Pizza delivery – service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer Pizza farm – farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices Pizza party – social gathering at which pizza is eaten Pizza saver – object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing Pizza theorem – equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point Pizza in the United States Notes ^ English: PEET -sə , [ 1 ] Italian: [ˈpittsa] , Neapolitan: [ˈpittsə] . References ^ "144843" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) ^ a b Maiden, Martin. "Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word" . yourDictionary.com . Archived from the original on January 15, 2003. ^ Schwartz, Arthur (1998). Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania . Harper Collins. p. 68. ISBN 9780060182618 . ^ Dickie, John (2008). Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food . p. 186. ^ Orsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007). Italian Baking Secrets . p. 99. ^ "Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe" . ITALY Magazine . March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013 . Retrieved February 21, 2022 . ^ "How to Make Neapolitan Pizza" . La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024 . Retrieved June 18, 2024 . ^ a b "Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status" . The Guardian . London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. ISSN 0261-3077 . Archived from the original on December 7, 2017 . Retrieved December 7, 2017 . ^ Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). "American Pie" . American Heritage . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012 . Retrieved May 4, 2012 . ^ Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). "How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza" . The Guardian . London. Archived from the original on September 14, 2019 . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). "Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit" . The Salt (blog). National Public Radio . Archived from the original on September 20, 2019 . Retrieved September 20, 2019 . ^ Hynum, Rick (December 2016). "Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report" . PMQ Pizza Magazine . Archived from the original on July 29, 2017 . Retrieved July 28, 2017 . ^ Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). "Consumption of Pizza" (PDF) . Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11 . USDA. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017 . Retrieved September 27, 2017 . ^ Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). "Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on November 2, 2024 . Retrieved January 11, 2025 . Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the "codex diplomaticus cajtanus" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano. ^ Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus . Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli. ^ a b "Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta" [Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta]. La Repubblica (in Italian). February 9, 2015. Archived from the original on November 16, 2021 . Retrieved November 16, 2021 . ^ Babiniotis, Georgios (2005). Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας [ Dictionary of Modern Greek ] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. ISBN 978-960-86190-1-2 . ^ "Pizza" . Online Etymology Dictionary . Archived from the original on October 24, 2007 . Retrieved June 5, 2009 . ^ " Pissa , Liddell and Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus" . Perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022 . Retrieved June 5, 2009 . ^ "Pizza" . Dictionary.com . Retrieved June 5, 2009 . ^ "pizza" ( Archived February 21, 2022, at the Wayback Machine ), Online Etymology Dictionary . ^ "Pizza" . Garzanti Linguistica . De Agostini Scuola Spa. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014 . Retrieved January 31, 2014 . ^ Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). "Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home" . CBS News . ^ Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). "The Many Lives of Tomato Pie" . The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved October 15, 2023 . ^ Barrett, Liz (2014). Pizza, A Slice of American History . Voyageur Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7603-4560-3 . ^ Edwards, W. P. (2007). The Science of Bakery Products . Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-85404-486-3 . Archived from the original on January 10, 2026 . Retrieved February 18, 2025 . ^ Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles . Lulu publishers. ISBN 978-1304961358 . ^ Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table . Firefly. p. 78. ^ "Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy" . Archived from the original on March 29, 2017. ^ "Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting" . BBC News . BBC . June 17, 2023. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 27, 2023 . ^ "Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii" . ABC News . June 27, 2023. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023 . Retrieved June 28, 2023 . ^ a b Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History . London: Reaktion. pp. 21– 22. ISBN 978-1-86189-391-8 . ^ de Sanctis, Francesco . La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico . p. 39. In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità. ^ "Margherita Pizza" . La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021 . Retrieved June 18, 2024 . ^ "Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe" . Italy Magazine . March 14, 2011. Archived from the original on February 7, 2013 . Retrieved April 23, 2012 . ^ Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). La Bella Lingua (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. ISBN 978-0767932110 . Retrieved August 29, 2024 . ^ "Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?" . BBC Food . BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from the original on December 31, 2012 . Retrieved December 31, 2012 . ^ Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). "Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita" . Food, Culture & Society . 17 (1): 103– 124. doi : 10.2752/175174414X13828682779249 . ISSN 1552-8014 . S2CID 142371201 . Archived from the original on March 18, 2024 . Retrieved September 23, 2023 . ^ Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History . Reaktion Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-86189-630-8 . ^ Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City . New York: Free Press. pp. 194– 95. ISBN 978-1416589976 . ^ Turim, Gayle. "A Slice of History: Pizza Through the Ages" . History.com . Archived from the original on December 18, 2014 . Retrieved January 6, 2026 . ^ "Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)" . Archived from the original on July 9, 2017 . Retrieved July 11, 2017 . ^ Official Journal of the European Union, Commission regulation (EU) No 97/2010 Archived June 3, 2013, at the Wayback Machine , February 5, 2010. ^ International Trademark Association, European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains "Traditional Speciality Guaranteed" status Archived August 19, 2014, at the Wayback Machine , April 1, 2010. ^ Owens, Martin J. (2003). Make Great Pizza at Home . Taste of America Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-9744470-0-1 . Archived from the original on May 27, 2016 . Retrieved December 12, 2015 . ^ Chen, Angus (July 23, 2018). "Pizza Physics: Why Brick Ovens Bake The Perfect Italian-Style Pie" . NPR . Archived from the original on July 24, 2018 . Retrieved July 25, 2018 . ^ "pizza oven kits" . Californo. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018 . Retrieved April 23, 2018 . ^ Delpha, John (March 10, 2015). Grilled Pizza the Right Way: The Best Technique for Cooking Incredible Tasting Pizza & Flatbread on Your Barbecue Perfectly Chewy & Crispy Every Time . Page Street Publishing. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-62414-106-5 . Retrieved September 18, 2025 . ^ Braimbridge, Sophie; Glynn, Joanne (2005). Food of Italy . Murdoch Books. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-74045-464-3 . Archived from the original on June 14, 2016 . Retrieved December 12, 2015 . ^ DeAngelis, Dominick A. (December 1, 2011). The Art of Pizza Making: Trade Secrets and Recipes . The Creative Pizza Company. pp. 20– 28. ISBN 978-0-9632034-0-3 . ^ Anderson, Sam (October 11, 2012). "Go Ahead, Milk My Day" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on July 17, 2014 . Retrieved November 7, 2014 . ^ Fox, Patrick F.; et al. (2000). Fundamentals of Cheese Science . Aspen Pub. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-8342-1260-2 . Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. ^ "La pizza 4 fromages : origines et recettes" . Restaurant le Quatre Vingt. May 31, 2017. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022 . Retrieved December 10, 2023 . ^ Arturo Iengo (2008). Cucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City . New Holland Publishers. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-84537-989-6 . Archived from the original on June 16, 2018 . Retrieved December 12, 2017 . ^ a b "Selezione geografica" . Europa.eu.int. February 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 18, 2005 . Retrieved April 2, 2009 . ^ "How to Make Neapolitan Pizza" . La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024 . Retrieved June 18, 2024 . ^ "La vera storia della pizza napoletana" . Biografieonline.it. May 20, 2013. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013 . Retrieved December 8, 2015 . ^ Guides, Rough (August 1, 2011). Rough Guides (ed.). Rough Guide Phrasebook: Italian: Italian . Penguin. p. 244. ISBN 978-1-4053-8646-3 . Archived from the original on May 12, 2016 . Retrieved December 12, 2015 . ^ "What is Sicilian Pizza?" . WiseGeek . Archived from the original on March 14, 2013 . Retrieved April 14, 2013 . ^ Giorgio Locatelli (December 26, 2012). Made In Sicily . Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-213038-9 . Archived from the original on May 2, 2021 . Retrieved July 4, 2013 . ^ Gangi, Roberta (2007). "Sfincione" . Best of Sicily Magazine. Archived from the original on April 2, 2014. ^ "Torino: la riscoperta della pizza al padellino" . Agrodolce. April 3, 2014. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015 . Retrieved December 8, 2015 . ^ "Pizza al padellino (o tegamino): che cos'è?" . Gelapajo.it. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015 . Retrieved December 8, 2015 . ^ "Beniamino, il profeta della pizza gourmet" . Torino – Repubblica.it. January 19, 2013. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015 . Retrieved December 8, 2015 . ^ Otis, Ginger Adams (2010). New York City 7 . Lonely Planet. p. 256. ISBN 978-1741795912 . Archived from the original on February 21, 2022 . Retrieved November 1, 2012 . ^ Sintumuang, Kevin (September 8, 2021). "So What Do You Call a Pizza With No Toppings?" . Esquire . Archived from the original on March 24, 2023 . Retrieved June 29, 2025 . ^ Bovino, Arthur (August 13, 2018). "Is America's Pizza Capital Buffalo, New York?" . The Daily Beast . Archived from the original on February 21, 2022 . Retrieved December 10, 2019 . ^ Rhodes, Donna G.; Adler, Meghan E.; Clemens, John C.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna J. "Consumption of Pizza" (PDF) . Food Surveys Research Group. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2014 . Retrieved September 25, 2014 . ^ Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000). The Rough Guide to Argentina . Rough Guides . p. 40. ISBN 978-185-828-569-6 . Archived from the original on November 3, 2023 . Retrieved December 10, 2022 – via Google Books . ^ Pizzerías de valor patrimonial de Buenos Aires (2008), p. 11. ^ a b c d e f g h Lazar, Allie (April 25, 2016). "Buenos Aires Makes Some of the World's Best (and Weirdest) Pizza" . Saveur . Archived from the original on December 10, 2022 . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ Sorba, Pietro (October 15, 2021). "La reivindicación de la pizza de molde argentina" . Clarín (in Spanish). Buenos Aires . Retrieved August 4, 2023 . ^ a b c d Gómez, Leire (July 17, 2015). "Buenos Aires: la ciudad de la pizza" . Tapas (in Spanish). Madrid: SpainMedia [ es ] . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ "Margherita Pizza" . La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021 . Retrieved June 18, 2024 . ^ a b Hidalgo, Joaquín; Auzmendi, Martín (October 6, 2018). "De Nápoles a la Argentina: la historia de la pizza y cómo llegó a ser un emblema nacional" . Entremujeres. Clarín (in Spanish) . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ a b c Acuña, Cecilia (June 26, 2017). "La historia de la pizza argentina: ¿de dónde salió la media masa?" . La Nación (in Spanish) . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ a b Pepe Arias, Gimena (June 25, 2022). "Pizza a la piedra vs. pizza al molde: dos estilos que dividen a los argentinos" . Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 11, 2022 . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ Firpo, Hernán (October 20, 2018). "Angelín cumple 80 años: mitos y verdades de una pizzería indispensable" . Clarín (in Spanish). Archived from the original on December 11, 2022 . Retrieved December 11, 2022 . ^ a b "Tipos de pizzas en Argentina" . Diario Democracia (in Spanish). Junín. January 10, 2015. Archived from the original on December 11, 2022 . Retrieved December 11, 2022 . ^ Booth, Amy (May 10, 2022). "Buenos Aires' unusual pizza topping" . BBC Travel . Retrieved December 10, 2022 . ^ Colognese, Marco. "Sweet pizza, the new dessert in pizzeria" . pizzastories.le5stagioni.it . Archived from the original on May 6, 2024 . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "These Sweet Dessert Pizza Recipes Are A Little Slice Of Heaven" . Delish . June 24, 2020 . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "Chocolate pizza" . Good Food . BBC . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "Chocolate Cookie Pizza" . Betty Crocker. Archived from the original on May 6, 2024 . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "Menu: Desserts" . Pizza Express. Archived from the original on May 6, 2024 . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "Menu" . Pepe in Grani. Archived from the original on May 6, 2024 . Retrieved May 6, 2024 . ^ "Basic Report 21299: Fast Food, Pizza Chain, 14" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust" . National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. September 28, 2014. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019 . Retrieved September 28, 2014 . ^ "Survey of pizzas" . Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from the original on December 28, 2005 . Retrieved April 2, 2009 . ^ "Health: Fast food salt levels "shocking" " . BBC News. October 18, 2007. Archived from the original on January 15, 2009 . Retrieved April 2, 2009 . ^ "Brick Oven Cecina" . Fornobravo.com. Archived from the original on October 16, 2006 . Retrieved April 2, 2009 . ^ Riolo, A. (2012). The Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook . American Diabetes Association. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-58040-483-9 . ^ McKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016). "A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia" . The Independent . Archived from the original on December 17, 2016 . Retrieved December 10, 2016 . ^ "hanamiweb.com" . Archived from the original on March 18, 2007 . Retrieved December 7, 2015 . ^ Jeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014). The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition [4 Volumes]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe . ABC-CLIO. p. 806. ISBN 9781610694698 . ^ Samuelsson, Marcus (2006). The soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa . Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-7645-6911-1 . OCLC 61748426 . Further reading Chudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012). "An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza" . QSR Magazine . Retrieved October 16, 2012 . Delpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015). Grilled Pizza the Right Way . Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-62414-106-5 . Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History . London: Reaktion Books . ISBN 978-1-86189-391-8 . OCLC 225876066 . Kliman, Todd (September 5, 2012). "Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza" . The Washingtonian . Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, "Gourmet" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven. Raichlen, Steven (2008). The Barbecue! Bible . Workman Publishing. pp. 381– 384. ISBN 978-0761149446 . "The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza" . Saveur . Retrieved November 2, 2014 . External links
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Pizza "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Pizza "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza) - [1 Etymology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Etymology) - [2 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#History) - [3 Preparation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Preparation) Toggle Preparation subsection - [3\.1 Baking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Baking) - [3\.2 Crust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Crust) - [3\.3 Cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Cheese) - [4 Varieties and styles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Varieties_and_styles) Toggle Varieties and styles subsection - [4\.1 Styles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Styles) - [4\.2 By region of origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#By_region_of_origin) - [4\.2.1 Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Italy) - [4\.2.2 United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#United_States) - [4\.2.3 Argentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Argentina) - [4\.3 Dessert pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Dessert_pizza) - [5 Nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Nutrition) - [6 Similar dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Similar_dishes) - [7 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#See_also) - [8 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Notes) - [9 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#References) - [10 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#Further_reading) - [11 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Pizza 147 languages - [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Afrikaans") - [Alemannisch](https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Alemannic") - [አማርኛ](https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%92%E1%8B%9B "ፒዛ – Amharic") - [Aragonés](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Aragonese") - [Ænglisc](https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopolis_br%C4%81dhl%C4%81f "Neopolis brādhlāf – Old English") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "بيتزا – Arabic") - [الدارجة](https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پيتزا – Moroccan Arabic") - [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پيتزا – Egyptian Arabic") - [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Asturian") - [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Azerbaijani") - [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیتزا – South Azerbaijani") - [Башҡортса](https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Bashkir") - [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Balinese") - [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Bavarian") - [Žemaitėška](https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%97ca "Pėca – Samogitian") - [Bikol Central](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Central Bikol") - [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Піцца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0 "Піца – Belarusian") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пица – Bulgarian") - [भोजपुरी](https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE "पिज्जा – Bhojpuri") - [Banjar](https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Banjar") - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE "পিৎজা – Bangla") - [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Breton") - [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica "Pica – Bosnian") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Catalan") - [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Cebuano") - [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیتزا – Central Kurdish") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Czech") - [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Welsh") - [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Danish") - [Dagbanli](https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Dagbani") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – German") - [Zazaki](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Dimli") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1 "Πίτσα – Greek") - [Emiliàn e rumagnòl](https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Emiliano-Romagnolo") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pico "Pico – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Estonian") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیتزا – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Finnish") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – French") - [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Western Frisian") - [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ADotsa "Píotsa – Irish") - [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Galician") - [Ghanaian Pidgin](https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Ghanaian Pidgin") - [Farefare](https://gur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Frafra") - [Hausa](https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Hausa") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%94 "פיצה – Hebrew") - [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE "पिज़्ज़ा – Hindi") - [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Croatian") - [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Hungarian") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%81%D5%A1 "Պիցցա – Armenian") - [Արեւմտահայերէն](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D6%81%D6%81%D5%A1 "Փիցցա – Western Armenian") - [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Interlingua") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piza "Piza – Indonesian") - [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Ido") - [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Icelandic") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%B6 "ピザ – Japanese") - [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Javanese") - [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90 "პიცა – Georgian") - [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picca "Picca – Kara-Kalpak") - [Kumoring](https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Komering") - [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Kazakh") - [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6 "ភីហ្សា – Khmer") - [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE "ಪೀಟ್ಸಾ – Kannada") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%9E%90 "피자 – Korean") - [کٲشُر](https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیٖزا – Kashmiri") - [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEza "Pîza – Kurdish") - [Кыргызча](https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Kyrgyz") - [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta_Neapolitana "Placenta Neapolitana – Latin") - [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Luxembourgish") - [Lingua Franca Nova](https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piza "Piza – Lingua Franca Nova") - [Limburgs](https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Limburgish") - [Lombard](https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Lombard") - [Lingála](https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Lingala") - [ລາວ](https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%B2 "ພິຊຊ່າ – Lao") - [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica "Pica – Lithuanian") - [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica "Pica – Latvian") - [Madhurâ](https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Madurese") - [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Malagasy") - [Māori](https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parehe "Parehe – Māori") - [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пица – Macedonian") - [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8 "പിത്സ – Malayalam") - [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Mongolian") - [ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ](https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5 "ꯄꯤꯓꯓꯥ – Manipuri") - [Moore](https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Mossi") - [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE "पिझ्झा – Marathi") - [Кырык мары](https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Western Mari") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piza "Piza – Malay") - [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC "ပီဇာ – Burmese") - [Napulitano](https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Neapolitan") - [Nedersaksies](https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Low Saxon") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Dutch") - [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Norwegian Nynorsk") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Nouormand](https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Norman") - [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Occitan") - [ଓଡ଼ିଆ](https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE "ପିଜା – Odia") - [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE "ਪੀਜ਼ਾ – Punjabi") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Polish") - [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیزا – Western Punjabi") - [Ποντιακά](https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1 "Πίτσα – Pontic") - [پښتو](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پيزا – Pashto") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Portuguese") - [Pinayuanan](https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/pizza "pizza – Paiwan") - [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Quechua") - [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Romanian") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Russian") - [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Yakut") - [Sardu](https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitza "Pitza – Sardinian") - [Sicilianu](https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Sicilian") - [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Scots") - [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Serbo-Croatian") - [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F "පීසා – Sinhala") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Simple English") - [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Slovak") - [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica "Pica – Slovenian") - [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica "Pica – Albanian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пица – Serbian") - [Sunda](https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Sundanese") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Swedish") - [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Swahili") - [Ślůnski](https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picca "Picca – Silesian") - [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE "பீத்சா – Tamil") - [తెలుగు](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE "పిజ్జా – Telugu") - [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B7%D0%BE "Питзо – Tajik") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2 "พิซซา – Thai") - [Türkmençe](https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Turkmen") - [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Tagalog") - [Toki pona](https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/pan_kili_pi_ma_Italija "pan kili pi ma Italija – Toki Pona") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Turkish") - [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0 "Пицца – Tatar") - [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%B3%D8%A7_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89 "پىسسا قاتلىمى – Uyghur") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0 "Піца – Ukrainian") - [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7 "پیزا – Urdu") - [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitsa "Pitsa – Uzbek") - [Vèneto](https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisa "Pisa – Venetian") - [Vepsän kel’](https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picc "Picc – Veps") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Vietnamese") - [Winaray](https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Waray") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%B9%E8%90%A8 "匹萨 – Wu") - [ייִדיש](https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%90 "פיצא – Yiddish") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "Pizza – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E8%96%84%E9%A4%85 "意大利薄餅 – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%AB%E8%90%A8 "披萨 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pizza "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&action=edit "This page is protected. You can view its source [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&action=edit) - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Pizza "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Pizza "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]") - [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&oldid=1346950809 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") - [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&action=info "More information about this page") - [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Pizza&id=1346950809&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") - [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPizza) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Pizza&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pizza) - [Wikibooks](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pizza) - [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pizza) - [Wikivoyage](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States_and_Canada) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q177 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide [![Page semi-protected](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi "This article is semi-protected due to vandalism") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Italian dish "Pizzaiolo" redirects here. For the restaurant chain, see [Pizzaiolo (restaurant chain)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzaiolo_$restaurant_chain$ "Pizzaiolo (restaurant chain)"). For other uses, see [Pizza (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_$disambiguation$ "Pizza (disambiguation)"). \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pizza-3007395.jpg/330px-Pizza-3007395.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza-3007395.jpg)A pizza divided into eight slices \| \| \| Type \| [Flatbread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbread "Flatbread") \| \| Course \| One course meal \| \| Place of origin \| [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") \| \| Region or state \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania") \| \| Serving temperature \| Hot or warm \| \| Main ingredients \| Dough, sauce (usually [tomato sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_sauce "Tomato sauce")), cheese (typically [mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella")) \| \| Similar dishes \| [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone"), [panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") \| \| [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) [Media: Pizza](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pizza "commons:Pizza") \| \| \| \| \|---\| \| Part of a series on \| \| [Pizza]() \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Pizza_slice.png/120px-Pizza_slice.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_slice.png) \| \| Main articles [History of pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_pizza "History of pizza") [Pizza delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_delivery "Pizza delivery") [List of pizza varieties by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country "List of pizza varieties by country") [List of pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains "List of pizza chains") [List of pizza franchises](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_franchises "List of pizza franchises") [List of frozen pizza brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Frozen_pizza_brands "Category:Frozen pizza brands") [Dollar slice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_slice "Dollar slice") [Jumbo slice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumbo_slice "Jumbo slice") [Pizza by the slice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice") \| \| Related articles [None Pizza with Left Beef](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/None_Pizza_with_Left_Beef "None Pizza with Left Beef") [Pentagon pizza theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagon_pizza_theory "Pentagon pizza theory") [Pizza cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cheese "Pizza cheese") [Pizza effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_effect "Pizza effect") [Pizza-ghetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza-ghetti "Pizza-ghetti") [Pizza party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_party "Pizza party") [Pizza Principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Principle "Pizza Principle") [Pizza Rat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Rat "Pizza Rat") [Pizza theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_theorem "Pizza theorem") [Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev_Pizza_Hut_commercial "Mikhail Gorbachev Pizza Hut commercial") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Pizza "Template:Pizza") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Pizza "Template talk:Pizza") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pizza "Special:EditPage/Template:Pizza") \| Pizza[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-2) is an [Italian dish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine "Italian cuisine") typically consisting of a flat base of [leavened](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavening_agent "Leavening agent") [wheat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat "Wheat")\-based [dough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dough "Dough") topped with [tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato "Tomato"), [cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese "Cheese"), and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven. The term pizza was first recorded in AD 997, in a [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin "Latin") manuscript from the [southern Italian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Italy "Southern Italy") town of [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), in Lazio, on the border with [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3) [Raffaele Esposito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Esposito "Raffaele Esposito") is often credited for creating the modern pizza in [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Schwartz-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Dickie-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Orsini-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-7) In 2009, [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza")[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-8) was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed "Traditional speciality guaranteed") (TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage "Intangible cultural heritage").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9) Pizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including [pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzeria "Pizzeria"), [Mediterranean restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine "Mediterranean cuisine"), via [delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_delivery "Pizza delivery"), and as [street food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food "Street food").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Miller-10) In Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-12) In casual settings, however, it is typically [cut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cutter "Pizza cutter") into slices to be eaten [while held in the hand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_food "Finger food"). Pizza is also sold in [grocery stores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grocery_stores "Grocery stores") in a variety of forms, including [frozen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_food "Frozen food") or as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven. In 2017, the world pizza market was US\$128 billion; in the US, it was \$44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-13) Overall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-14) ## Etymology The oldest recorded usage of the word pizza is thought to be from May 997 AD, appearing in the [Codex diplomaticus Caietanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_diplomaticus_Caietanus "Codex diplomaticus Caietanus"), a notarial [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin "Latin") document from the town of [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), then still part of the [Byzantine Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire "Byzantine Empire").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-pizza-origin-telegraph-15) The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta duodecim pizze (lit. 'twelve pizzas'),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-codex1887-16) a [pork shoulder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_shoulder "Pork shoulder") and kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on [Easter Sunday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Sunday "Easter Sunday").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17) Suggested etymologies include: - [Byzantine Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Greek "Byzantine Greek") and [Late Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin "Late Latin") pitta \> pizza, cf. Modern Greek [pitta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita "Pita") bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then [Byzantine Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy "Catepanate of Italy")) pitta,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-18) a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word pitta can in turn be traced to either [Ancient Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek "Ancient Greek") πικτή (pikte), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became picta, or Ancient Greek πίσσα (pissa, [Attic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_Greek "Attic Greek"): πίττα, pitta), 'pitch',[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-19)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-20) or πήτεα (pḗtea), 'bran' (πητίτης, pētítēs, 'bran bread').[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-21) - The [Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabolario_etimologico_della_lingua_italiana "it:Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana") explains it as coming from dialectal pinza, 'clamp', as in modern Italian pinze, 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin pinsere, 'to pound, stamp'.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-22) - The [Lombardic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language "Lombardic language") word bizzo or pizzo, meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words bit and bite), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [Lombards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards "Lombards").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-23) The shift b→p could be explained by the [High German consonant shift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_German_consonant_shift "High German consonant shift"), and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word Imbiss means 'snack'. A person who makes pizza is known as a pizzaiolo.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-24) The word pizza was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called "tomato pie" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-25) ## History Main article: [History of pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_pizza "History of pizza") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg/250px-Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg) An illustration from 1830 of a pizzaiolo in Naples Records of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the [Persian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_people "Persian people") soldiers of the [Achaemenid Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire "Achaemenid Empire") during the rule of [Darius the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_the_Great "Darius the Great") baked flatbreads with cheese and [dates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_$fruits$ "Date (fruits)") on top of their battle shields[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-27) and the [ancient Greeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greeks "Ancient Greeks") supplemented their bread with [oils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil "Vegetable oil"), herbs, and cheese.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-29) An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the [Aeneid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneid "Aeneid"), when Celaeno, queen of the [Harpies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpies "Harpies"), foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, [Aeneas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneas "Aeneas") and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the "tables" prophesied by Celaeno.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-30) In 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in [Pompeii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompeii "Pompeii") appearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it "may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish".[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-31)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-32) The first mention of the word pizza seemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997 AD from [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), demanding a payment of "twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17) Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) Before that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims,[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) although it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the [Columbian Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exchange "Columbian Exchange"). Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have stanze with tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-34) A popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza, [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita"),[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-35) was invented in 1889, when the [Royal Palace of Capodimonte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Capodimonte "Royal Palace of Capodimonte") commissioned the Neapolitan [pizzaiolo](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pizzaiolo "wiktionary:pizzaiolo") ('pizza maker') [Raffaele Esposito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Esposito "Raffaele Esposito") to create a pizza in honor of the visiting [Queen Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Margherita "Queen Margherita"). Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the [Italian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_flag "Italian flag")—red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-36) with an official letter of recognition from the queen's "head of service" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-37) Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-39) Pizza was taken to the United States by [Italian immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian-American "Italian-American") in the late 19th century[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-40) and first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria, [Lombardi's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardi%27s "Lombardi's"), opened in New York City in 1905.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-inside-41) Italian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Chogath_Kog'sante-42) The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'True Neapolitan Pizza Association') is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza").[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-AVPN-43) In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed "Traditional speciality guaranteed") (TSG) dish,[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-44)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-45) and in 2017 the art of its making was included on [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage "Intangible cultural heritage").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9) ## Preparation Pizza is sold fresh or [frozen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_food "Frozen food"), whole or in [portion-size slices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice"). Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts. In the US, another form of pizza is available from [take and bake pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_and_bake_pizzeria "Take and bake pizzeria"). This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own [ovens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_ovens "Conventional ovens"). Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven. - Pizza preparation - [![Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pizza_1_bg.jpg/330px-Pizza_1_bg.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_1_bg.jpg "Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof") Pizza dough being [kneaded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading "Kneading") before being left undisturbed and allowed time to [proof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofing_$baking_technique$ "Proofing (baking technique)") - [![Tossing pizza dough to stretch it](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pizza_being_tossed.jpg/250px-Pizza_being_tossed.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_being_tossed.jpg "Tossing pizza dough to stretch it") Tossing pizza dough to stretch it - [![An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Neapolitan_pizza.jpg/330px-Neapolitan_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neapolitan_pizza.jpg "An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven") An unbaked [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") on a metal [peel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_$tool$ "Peel (tool)"), ready for the oven - [![A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Frozen_pizza.jpg/330px-Frozen_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frozen_pizza.jpg "A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home") A wrapped, [mass-produced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-produced "Mass-produced") frozen pizza to be baked at home ### Baking In restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with [fire bricks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_brick "Fire brick") above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a [conveyor belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt "Conveyor belt") oven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired [brick oven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_oven "Brick oven"). The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called "[peel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_$tool$ "Peel (tool)")", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-46) When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a [pizza stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_stone "Pizza stone") in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-47) Some home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries,[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-48) in order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as [Sicilian pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_pizza "Sicilian pizza"), are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-49) Most restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas. [Mass production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_production "Mass production") of pizza by [chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_chain "Pizza chain") can be completely automated. - Pizza baking - [![Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg/960px-Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg "Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven") Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired [brick oven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_oven "Brick oven") - [![A pizza being removed with a wooden peel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg/500px-Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg "A pizza being removed with a wooden peel") A pizza being removed with a wooden peel - [![A pizza Margherita](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg/500px-Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg "A pizza Margherita") A [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita") - [![Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg/330px-Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg "Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza") Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza - [![Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Grilled_pizza_2.jpg/330px-Grilled_pizza_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grilled_pizza_2.jpg "Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range") Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range ### Crust The bottom of the pizza, called the "crust", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") or thick as in a deep-dish [Chicago-style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza"). It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the cornicione.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-50) Some pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-51) ### Cheese Main article: [Pizza cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cheese "Pizza cheese") [Mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella") is commonly used on pizza, with the [buffalo mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_mozzarella "Buffalo mozzarella") produced in the surroundings of Naples.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-52) Other cheeses are also used, particularly [burrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrata "Burrata"), [Gorgonzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonzola "Gorgonzola"), [provolone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provolone "Provolone"), [pecorino romano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecorino_romano "Pecorino romano"), [ricotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricotta "Ricotta"), and [scamorza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scamorza "Scamorza"). Less expensive [processed cheeses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processed_cheese "Processed cheese") or [cheese analogues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_analogue "Cheese analogue") have been developed for [mass-market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-market "Mass-market") pizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable [shelf life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelf_life "Shelf life"). This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of [vegetable oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil "Vegetable oil"), manufacturing and culture processes, [denatured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_$biochemistry$ "Denaturation (biochemistry)") whey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-53) ## Varieties and styles Main article: [List of pizza varieties by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country "List of pizza varieties by country") A great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza")). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines. The following lists show some notable pizza varieties: \| Image \| Name \| Characteristic ingredients \| Origin \| First attested \| Notes \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pizza_marinara.jpg/250px-Pizza_marinara.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_marinara.jpg) \| [Pizza marinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_marinara "Pizza marinara") \| Tomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese. \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy \| 1734 \| One of the oldest Neapolitan pizza. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) \| [Pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita") \| Tomatoes, mozzarella, basil. \| Naples, Italy \| June 1889 \| The archetypical [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza"). \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pizza_capricciosa.jpg/250px-Pizza_capricciosa.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_capricciosa.jpg) \| [Pizza capricciosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_capricciosa "Pizza capricciosa") \| Ham, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes. \| [Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome "Rome"), Lazio, Italy \| 1937 \| Similar to [pizza quattro stagioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_stagioni "Pizza quattro stagioni"), but with toppings mixed rather than separated. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg/250px-Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg) \| [Pizza quattro stagioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_stagioni "Pizza quattro stagioni") \| Artichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes. \| [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania"), Italy \| \| The toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg/250px-Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant,_Chalk_Farm_Road,_London.jpg) \| [Pizza quattro formaggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_formaggi "Pizza quattro formaggi") \| Prepared using four types of cheese (Italian: [\[ˈkwattro forˈmaddʒi\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian "Help:IPA/Italian"), 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region. \| [Lazio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazio "Lazio"), Italy \| Its origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-54) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg/250px-Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seafood_pizza_$1$.jpg) \| [Seafood pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood_pizza "Seafood pizza") \| Seafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid. \| Italy \| \| Subvarieties include pizza ai frutti di mare (no cheese) and pizza pescatore (with mussels or squid). \| ### Styles \| Image \| Name \| Characteristics \| Origin \| First attested \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/CalzoneAlForno.jpg/250px-CalzoneAlForno.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CalzoneAlForno.jpg) \| [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") \| Pizza folded in half [turnover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnover_$food$ "Turnover (food)")\-style, baked. \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_$Lyon$_-_2.jpg) \| [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") \| Similar to a calzone, but fried. \| [Apulia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulia "Apulia"), Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg/250px-Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_$1$.jpg) \| [Deep fried pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fried_pizza "Deep fried pizza") (pizza fritta) \| The pizza is [deep fried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fried "Deep fried") (cooked in oil) instead of baked. \| Naples, Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg/250px-Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg) \| Pizzetta \| Small pizza served as an [hors d'oeuvre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre "Hors d'oeuvre") or [snack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snack "Snack"). \| Italy \| \| \| Image \| Name \| Characteristics \| Origin \| First attested \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/California_club_pizza.jpg/250px-California_club_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:California_club_pizza.jpg) \| [California-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California-style_pizza "California-style pizza") \| Distinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce. \| California, U.S. \| 1980 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg/250px-Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg) \| [Chicago-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza") \| Baked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. \| [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago"), U.S. \| c. 1940s \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colorado_Pizza.jpg/250px-Colorado_Pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colorado_Pizza.jpg) \| [Colorado-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado-style_pizza "Colorado-style pizza") \| Made with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment. \| [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"), U.S. \| 1973 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png/250px-Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png) \| [Detroit-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit-style_pizza "Detroit-style pizza") \| The cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge. \| [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit "Detroit"), U.S. \| 1946 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg/250px-Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_$72126$.jpg) \| [New Haven–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza "New Haven–style pizza") \| Distinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring. \| [New Haven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut "New Haven, Connecticut"), U.S. \| 1925 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg/250px-Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg) \| [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza") \| Neapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust. \| [New York metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area "New York metropolitan area") (and beyond) \| Early 1900s \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG/250px-Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG) \| [St. Louis–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza "St. Louis–style pizza") \| The style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges. \| [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis"), U.S. \| 1945 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg/250px-Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg) \| [Windsor–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%93style_pizza "Windsor–style pizza") \| Distinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms. \| [Windsor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario "Windsor, Ontario"), Canada \| 1950s \| ### By region of origin #### Italy [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) The ingredients of traditional [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita")—tomatoes (red), [mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella") (white), and [basil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil "Basil") (green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national [flag of Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Italy "Flag of Italy").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-55) Authentic [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") (Italian: pizza napoletana) is made with [San Marzano tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato "San Marzano tomato"), grown on the volcanic plains south of [Mount Vesuvius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius "Mount Vesuvius"), and either [mozzarella di bufala campana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella_di_bufala_campana "Mozzarella di bufala campana"), made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania") and [Lazio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazio "Lazio"),[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) or [fior di latte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella").[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-57) Buffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European [protected designation of origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin "Protected designation of origin") (PDO).[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) Other traditional pizzas include [pizza marinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_marinara "Pizza marinara"), supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza,[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-58) and [pizza capricciosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_capricciosa "Pizza capricciosa"), which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-59) A popular variant of pizza in Italy is [Sicilian pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_pizza "Sicilian pizza"),[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-WiseGeek-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-61) a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in [Sicily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily "Sicily"): it is essentially a [focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Gangi2007-62) Other variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example pizza al padellino or pizza al tegamino, a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in [Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin "Turin"), Piedmont.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-63)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-64)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-65) #### United States Main article: [Pizza in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States "Pizza in the United States") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg/250px-Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg) Pizza banquet in the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") serving [Chicago-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza") (2009) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewYorkSlices.jpg/250px-NewYorkSlices.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewYorkSlices.jpg) Caramelized crust of [slices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice") of [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza") The first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's [Little Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan "Little Italy, Manhattan") in 1905.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-LonelyPlanet-66) Common toppings for pizza in the United States include [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"), ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers, [pepperoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni "Pepperoni"), pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a "cheese pizza" or a "plain pizza".[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Sintumuang-67) Distinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including [Buffalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York "Buffalo, New York"),[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-68) [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California-style_pizza "California-style pizza"), [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_dish_pizza "Deep dish pizza"), [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit-style_pizza "Detroit-style pizza"), [Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_pizza "Greek pizza"), [New Haven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza "New Haven–style pizza"), [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza"), and [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza "St. Louis–style pizza") styles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, [rolled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_rolls "Pizza rolls"), and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings. Thirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-69) [Pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains_of_the_United_States "List of pizza chains of the United States") such as [Domino's Pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza "Domino's Pizza"), [Pizza Hut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Hut "Pizza Hut"), and [Papa John's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_John%27s "Papa John's"), pizzas from [take and bake pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_and_bake_pizzeria "Take and bake pizzeria"), and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. [Pizza by the slice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice") is available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza"), where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors. #### Argentina Main article: [Argentine pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_pizza "Argentine pizza") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png/250px-Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png) Traditional [Argentine-style pizzas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_pizza "Argentine pizza") de molde being prepared at a pizzeria in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires") [Argentine pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_pizza "Argentine pizza") is a mainstay of the [country's cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_cuisine "Argentine cuisine"),[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-rough-70) especially of its capital [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), where it is regarded as a [cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage "Cultural heritage") and [icon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_icon "Cultural icon") of the city.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Pizza11-71)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-picsa-73) Argentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year).[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) As such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) The dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive [Italian immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Argentines "Italian Argentines"), as part of a broader [great European immigration wave to the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina "Great European immigration wave to Argentina").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) Thus, around the same time that the iconic [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita")[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-75) was being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) In the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called pizza de molde (Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a "thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) This style, which today\[[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] is identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a [main course](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_course "Main course").[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) The name pizza de molde emerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Since they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas, fugazzetas or fugazzas.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Other styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic [fugazza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugazza "Fugazza") and its derivative fugazzeta or fugazza con queso (a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria),[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) or the pizza de cancha or canchera (a cheese-less variant).[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-79) Most pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed "muza" or "musa"; the napolitana or "napo", with "cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives", not to be confused with [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza");[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) calabresa, with slices of [longaniza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longaniza "Longaniza");[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) jamon y morrones, with sliced [ham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham "Ham") and roasted [bell peppers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_peppers "Bell peppers");[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) as well as versions with [provolone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provolone "Provolone"), with [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"),[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) with [hearts of palm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearts_of_palm "Hearts of palm"), or with chopped [hard boiled egg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_boiled_egg "Hard boiled egg").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) A typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with [fainá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fain%C3%A1 "Fainá"), a pancake made from [chickpea flour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea_flour "Chickpea flour").[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-81) ### Dessert pizza The terms dessert pizza and sweet pizza are used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including [chocolate pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_pizza "Chocolate pizza") and [fruit pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_pizza "Fruit pizza").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-83) Some are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base,[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-84) while others have a [cookie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie "Cookie")\-like base[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-85) and resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-86)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-87) ## Nutrition Many [mass-produced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-produced "Mass-produced") pizzas by American [pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_chain "Pizza chain") have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in [calories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energy "Food energy"). The [USDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA "USDA") reports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-89)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-90) ## Similar dishes [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg/250px-Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg) [Focaccia al rosmarino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia#Focaccia_al_rosmarino "Focaccia") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_$Lyon$_-_2.jpg) [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") - [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") and [stromboli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromboli_$food$ "Stromboli (food)") are similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling. - [Coca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_$pastry$ "Coca (pastry)") is a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions. - [Farinata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farinata "Farinata") or cecina is a Ligurian (farinata) and Tuscan (cecina) regional dish.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-91) It is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice. - [Flammekueche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammekueche "Flammekueche") is a food speciality of the Alsace region. - [Focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") is a flat [leavened](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavening_agent "Leavening agent") oven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called pizza bianca ( lit. 'white pizza').[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Riolo_2012-92) - [Garlic fingers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic_fingers "Garlic fingers") is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon. - [İçli pide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_pide "İçli pide"), or simply pide, is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as "Turkish pizza". - [Khachapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachapuri "Khachapuri") is a Georgian cheese-filled bread. - [Lahmacun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahmacun "Lahmacun") is a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-93) - [Manakish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manakish "Manakish") is a Levantine flatbread dish. - [Matzah pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matzah_pizza "Matzah pizza") is a Jewish pizza dish. - [Okonomiyaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okonomiyaki "Okonomiyaki"), often referred to as "Japanese pizza", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-94) - [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") are similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked. - [Pastrmajlija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastrmajlija "Pastrmajlija") (nicknamed Macedonian pizza)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-95) is a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it. - [Piadina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piadina "Piadina") is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region. - [Pinsa (bread)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinsa_$bread$ "Pinsa (bread)") is a flatbread with sauce applied after baking. - [Pissaladière](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re "Pissaladière") is similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions, [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"), and olives. - [Pizza bagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_bagel "Pizza bagel") is a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas. - [Pizza cake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cake "Pizza cake") is a multiple-layer pizza. - [Pizza rolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_rolls "Pizza rolls") are a frozen snack product. - [Pizza strips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_strips "Pizza strips") is a tomato pie of Italian-American origin. - [Sfiha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfiha "Sfiha") is a Levantine flatbread with toppings. - [Wähe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4he "Wähe") is a Swiss type of tart. - Zanzibar pizza is a street food served in [Stone Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Town "Stone Town"), Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like [filo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filo "Filo") dough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan [basṭīla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastilla "Pastilla").[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-96) - [Zwiebelkuchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwiebelkuchen "Zwiebelkuchen") is a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds. ## See also [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Pizzas](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pizzas "commons:Category:Pizzas") at Wikimedia Commons - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png)[Italy portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Italy "Portal:Italy") - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg)[Food portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Food "Portal:Food") - [List of baked goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_baked_goods "List of baked goods") - [List of pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains "List of pizza chains") - [List of pizza varieties by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country "List of pizza varieties by country") - [Pizza cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cheese "Pizza cheese") – cheese for use specifically on pizza - [Pizza delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_delivery "Pizza delivery") – service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer - [Pizza farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_farm "Pizza farm") – farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices - [Pizza party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_party "Pizza party") – social gathering at which pizza is eaten - [Pizza saver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_saver "Pizza saver") – object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing - [Pizza theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_theorem "Pizza theorem") – equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point - [Pizza in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States "Pizza in the United States") ## Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-2) English: [/ˈpiːtsə/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English") [PEET\-sə](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-1) Italian: [\[ˈpittsa\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian "Help:IPA/Italian"), Neapolitan: [\[ˈpittsə\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan "Help:IPA/Neapolitan"). ## References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-1) ["144843"](https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144843). [Oxford English Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary") (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or [participating institution membership](https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-1) Maiden, Martin. ["Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word"](https://web.archive.org/web/20030115224054/http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html). yourDictionary.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html) on January 15, 2003. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0)* Schwartz, Arthur (1998). Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania. Harper Collins. p. 68. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780060182618](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060182618 "Special:BookSources/9780060182618") . 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Dickie_5-0) Dickie, John (2008). Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food. p. 186. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Orsini_6-0) Orsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007). Italian Baking Secrets. p. 99. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-7) ["Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130207192931/http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). ITALY Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2022. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-8) ["How to Make Neapolitan Pizza"](https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/italian-food/how-to-cook/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240620005634/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/italian-food/how-to-cook/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024. 8. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-1) ["Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status). The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084312/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status) from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Miller_10-0)* Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). ["American Pie"](http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie). [American Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Heritage_$magazine$ "American Heritage (magazine)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120203155552/http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie) from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-11) Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). ["How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza"](https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza). [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian"). London. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190914233416/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza) from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-12) Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). ["Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit). The Salt (blog). [National Public Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio "National Public Radio"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190920211635/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit) from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-13) Hynum, Rick (December 2016). ["Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report"](http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/). PMQ Pizza Magazine. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170729002308/http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/) from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-14) Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). ["Consumption of Pizza"](https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11. USDA. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170930194112/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-pizza-origin-telegraph_15-0) Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). ["Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/11408256/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html). [The Daily Telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph "The Daily Telegraph"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241102223327/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/11408256/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html) from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2025. "Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the "codex diplomaticus cajtanus" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano." 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-codex1887_16-0) [Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus](https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181). Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. "Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli." 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-1) ["Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta"](https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/) \[Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta\]. La Repubblica* (in Italian). February 9, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116203026/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/) from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-18) Babiniotis, Georgios (2005). Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας \[[Dictionary of Modern Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Modern_Greek "Dictionary of Modern Greek")\] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-960-86190-1-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-86190-1-2 "Special:BookSources/978-960-86190-1-2") . 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-19) ["Pizza"](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza). Online Etymology Dictionary. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174005/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza) from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-20) ["Pissa, Liddell and Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus"](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267). Perseus.tufts.edu. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104553/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267&redirect=true) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-21) ["Pizza"](http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pizza&r=66). Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-22) ["pizza"](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pizza) ([Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104555/https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=pizza) February 21, 2022, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")), Online Etymology Dictionary. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-23) ["Pizza"](http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza). Garzanti Linguistica. De Agostini Scuola Spa. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194513/http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-24) Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). ["Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-25) Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). ["The Many Lives of Tomato Pie"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/06/dining/tomato-pie-pizza.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved October 15, 2023. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-26) Barrett, Liz (2014). [Pizza, A Slice of American History](https://books.google.com/books?id=vPCuBAAAQBAJ). Voyageur Press. p. 13. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-4560-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4560-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4560-3") . 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-27) Edwards, W. P. (2007). [The Science of Bakery Products](https://books.google.com/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-85404-486-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-486-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-486-3") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260110044022/https://books.google.com/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199) from the original on January 10, 2026. Retrieved February 18, 2025. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-28) Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles. Lulu publishers. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1304961358](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1304961358 "Special:BookSources/978-1304961358") . 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-29) Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table. Firefly. p. 78. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-30) ["Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051513/http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy). Archived from [the original](http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy) on March 29, 2017. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-31) ["Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66031341). BBC News. [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC"). June 17, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230627173311/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66031341) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-32) ["Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii/102533868). ABC News. June 27, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230627233613/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii/102533868) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023. 32. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-1) Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-86189-391-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8") . 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-34)* [de Sanctis, Francesco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_de_Sanctis "Francesco de Sanctis"). La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico. p. 39. "In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità." 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-35) ["Margherita Pizza"](https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/recipe/pizza/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-36) ["Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130207192931/http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). Italy Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2012. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-37) Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). [La Bella Lingua](https://books.google.com/books?id=_f9cU9A5l-0C) (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0767932110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0767932110 "Special:BookSources/978-0767932110") . Retrieved August 29, 2024. 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-38) ["Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/20515123). BBC Food. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from [the original](https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/20515123) on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012. 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-39) Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). ["Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263340437). Food, Culture & Society. 17 (1): 103–124\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2752/175174414X13828682779249](https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175174414X13828682779249). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [1552-8014](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1552-8014). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_$identifier$ "S2CID (identifier)") [142371201](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142371201). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240318133729/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263340437_Folklore_Fakelore_History_Invented_Tradition_and_the_Origins_of_the_Pizza_Margherita) from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2023. 39. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-40) Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. Reaktion Books. p. 48. 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[ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1741795912](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1741795912 "Special:BookSources/978-1741795912") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104604/https://books.google.com/books?id=btN9Lh8v3OQC&q=New+York-style+pizza&pg=PA256) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2012. 66. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Sintumuang_67-0) Sintumuang, Kevin (September 8, 2021). ["So What Do You Call a Pizza With No Toppings?"](https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/food/a37505543/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular/). [Esquire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esquire_$magazine$ "Esquire (magazine)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230324225123/https://www.esquire.com/food-drink/food/a37505543/pizza-with-no-toppings-cheese-plain-regular/) from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2025. 67. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-68) Bovino, Arthur (August 13, 2018). ["Is America's Pizza Capital Buffalo, New York?"](https://www.thedailybeast.com/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york). The Daily Beast. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104621/https://www.thedailybeast.com/is-americas-pizza-capital-buffalo-new-york) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2019. 68. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-69) Rhodes, Donna G.; Adler, Meghan E.; Clemens, John C.; LaComb, Randy P.; Moshfegh, Alanna J. ["Consumption of Pizza"](https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141005073823/http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2014. Retrieved September 25, 2014. 69. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-rough_70-0) Aeberhard, Danny; Benson, Andrew; Phillips, Lucy (2000). [The Rough Guide to Argentina](https://books.google.com/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40). [Rough Guides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough_Guides "Rough Guides"). p. 40. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-185-828-569-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-185-828-569-6 "Special:BookSources/978-185-828-569-6") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231103093706/https://books.google.com/books?id=uax8dwX9gIwC&pg=PA40) from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved December 10, 2022 – via [Google Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books "Google Books"). 70. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Pizza11_71-0) Pizzerías de valor patrimonial de Buenos Aires (2008), p. 11. 71. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-5) [g](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-6) [h](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-saveur_72-7) Lazar, Allie (April 25, 2016). ["Buenos Aires Makes Some of the World's Best (and Weirdest) Pizza"](https://www.saveur.com/buenos-aires-pizza-guide/). [Saveur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saveur "Saveur"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221210164913/https://www.saveur.com/buenos-aires-pizza-guide/) from the original on December 10, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022. 72. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-picsa_73-0)* Sorba, Pietro (October 15, 2021). ["La reivindicación de la pizza de molde argentina"](https://www.clarin.com/gourmet/reivindicacion-pizza-molde-argentina_0_xiem20omX.html). [Clarín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_$Argentine_newspaper$ "Clarín (Argentine newspaper)") (in Spanish). Buenos Aires. Retrieved August 4, 2023. 73. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-tapas_74-3) Gómez, Leire (July 17, 2015). ["Buenos Aires: la ciudad de la pizza"](https://www.tapasmagazine.es/buenos-aires-la-ciudad-de-la-pizza/). Tapas* (in Spanish). Madrid: [SpainMedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SpainMedia&action=edit&redlink=1 "SpainMedia (page does not exist)") \[[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainmedia "es:Spainmedia")\]. Retrieved December 10, 2022. 74. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-75) ["Margherita Pizza"](https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/recipe/pizza/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024. 75. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-napoles_76-1) Hidalgo, Joaquín; Auzmendi, Martín (October 6, 2018). ["De Nápoles a la Argentina: la historia de la pizza y cómo llegó a ser un emblema nacional"](https://www.clarin.com/entremujeres/bienestar/napoles-argentina-historia-pizza-llego-emblema-nacional_0_y6rkpAMtG.html). Entremujeres. [Clarín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_$Argentine_newspaper$ "Clarín (Argentine newspaper)")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022. 76. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-lanacion_77-2) Acuña, Cecilia (June 26, 2017). ["La historia de la pizza argentina: ¿de dónde salió la media masa?"](https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/la-historia-de-la-pizza-argentina-de-donde-salio-la-media-masa-nid2036460/). [La Nación](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n "La Nación")* (in Spanish). Retrieved December 10, 2022. 77. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-piedra_78-1) Pepe Arias, Gimena (June 25, 2022). ["Pizza a la piedra vs. pizza al molde: dos estilos que dividen a los argentinos"](https://www.clarin.com/gourmet/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html). [Clarín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_$Argentine_newspaper$ "Clarín (Argentine newspaper)")* (in Spanish). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221211000305/https://www.clarin.com/gourmet/pizza-piedra-vs-pizza-molde-estilos-dividen-argentinos_0_fRKZJsDcfK.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2022. 78. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-79) Firpo, Hernán (October 20, 2018). ["Angelín cumple 80 años: mitos y verdades de una pizzería indispensable"](https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html). [Clarín](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar%C3%ADn_$Argentine_newspaper$ "Clarín (Argentine newspaper)") (in Spanish). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221211210007/https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/angelin-cumple-80-anos-mitos-verdades-pizzeria-indispensable_0_TNCM6gY3F.html) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022. 79. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-junin_80-1) ["Tipos de pizzas en Argentina"](https://www.diariodemocracia.com/locales/junin/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende/). [Diario Democracia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diario_Democracia "Diario Democracia")* (in Spanish). Junín. January 10, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221211220300/https://www.diariodemocracia.com/locales/junin/95363-seis-variedades-clasicas-pizzas-supieron-trascende/) from the original on December 11, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2022. 80. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-81) Booth, Amy (May 10, 2022). ["Buenos Aires' unusual pizza topping"](https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220509-fain-buenos-aires-unusual-pizza-topping). [BBC Travel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Travel "BBC Travel"). Retrieved December 10, 2022. 81. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-82) Colognese, Marco. ["Sweet pizza, the new dessert in pizzeria"](https://pizzastories.le5stagioni.it/en/lifestyle/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria). pizzastories.le5stagioni.it. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506095849/https://pizzastories.le5stagioni.it/en/lifestyle/sweet-pizza-the-new-dessert-in-pizzeria) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 82. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-83) ["These Sweet Dessert Pizza Recipes Are A Little Slice Of Heaven"](https://www.delish.com/cooking/recipe-ideas/g2793/dessert-pizza/). Delish. June 24, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 83. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-84) ["Chocolate pizza"](https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/chocolate-pizza). Good Food. BBC. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 84. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-85) ["Chocolate Cookie Pizza"](https://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/chocolate-cookie-pizza/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2). Betty Crocker. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506074409/https://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/chocolate-cookie-pizza/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 85. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-86) ["Menu: Desserts"](https://mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com/restaurant-menu/main-menu). Pizza Express. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506121741/https://mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com/restaurant-menu/main-menu) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 86. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-87) ["Menu"](https://www.pepeingrani.it/menu-en). Pepe in Grani. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506100600/https://www.pepeingrani.it/menu-en) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 87. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-88) ["Basic Report 21299: Fast Food, Pizza Chain, 14" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust"](https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173292/nutrients). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. September 28, 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173292/nutrients) from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2014. 88. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-89) ["Survey of pizzas"](https://web.archive.org/web/20051228212200/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5804). Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from [the original](http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5804) on December 28, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 89. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-90) ["Health: Fast food salt levels "shocking""](https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7050585.stm). BBC News. October 18, 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090115140402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7050585.stm) from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 90. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-91) ["Brick Oven Cecina"](https://www.fornobravo.com/wood-fired-cooking/cecina/). Fornobravo.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20061016090551/http://www.fornobravo.com/brick_oven_cooking/brick_oven_recipes/flatbread/cecina.html) from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 91. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Riolo_2012_92-0) Riolo, A. (2012). [The Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook](https://books.google.com/books?id=RZbDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA260). American Diabetes Association. p. 260. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-58040-483-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58040-483-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-58040-483-9") . 92. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-93) McKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016). ["A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html). The Independent. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161217165743/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html) from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016. 93. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-94) ["hanamiweb.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070318144611/http://www.hanamiweb.com/okonomiyaki.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.hanamiweb.com/okonomiyaki.html) on March 18, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2015. 94. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-95) Jeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014). The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition \[4 Volumes\]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe. ABC-CLIO. p. 806. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781610694698](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610694698 "Special:BookSources/9781610694698") . 95. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-96) Samuelsson, Marcus (2006). The soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7645-6911-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-6911-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-6911-1") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [61748426](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61748426). ## Further reading - Chudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012). ["An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza"](http://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/expert-guide-world-class-pizza). QSR Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2012. - Delpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015). [Grilled Pizza the Right Way](https://books.google.com/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Macmillan. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-62414-106-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62414-106-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-62414-106-5") . - Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: [Reaktion Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktion_Books "Reaktion Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-86189-391-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [225876066](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/225876066). - Kliman, Todd (September 5, 2012). ["Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza"](http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/food-dining/easy-as-pie-a-guide-to-regional-pizza-styles/). [The Washingtonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washingtonian_$magazine$ "The Washingtonian (magazine)"). Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, "Gourmet" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven. - Raichlen, Steven (2008). [The Barbecue! Bible](https://books.google.com/books?id=FWKxatrLCjYC&q=%22grilled+pizza%22&pg=PA382). Workman Publishing. pp. 381–384\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0761149446](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761149446 "Special:BookSources/978-0761149446") . - ["The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza"](http://www.saveur.com/article/hubs/Pizza-Guide). [Saveur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saveur "Saveur"). Retrieved November 2, 2014. ## External links Pizza at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects "Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects") - [![Wiktionary logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg)[Definitions](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pizza "wikt:pizza") from Wiktionary - [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)[Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pizza "c:Pizza") from Commons - [![Wikibooks logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg)[Recipes](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Pizza "b:Cookbook:Pizza") from Wikibooks - [![Wikivoyage logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg)[Travel information](https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Pizza "voy:Pizza") from Wikivoyage - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png)[Data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177 "d:Q177") from Wikidata \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy "Template:Cuisine of Italy") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cuisine_of_Italy "Template talk:Cuisine of Italy") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine_of_Italy "Special:EditPage/Template:Cuisine of Italy")[Cuisine of Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine "Italian cuisine") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| History \| [Ancient Roman cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Roman_cuisine "Ancient Roman cuisine") [Medieval cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_cuisines_of_medieval_Europe#Italy "Regional cuisines of medieval Europe") [Early modern cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_modern_European_cuisine#Italy "Early modern European cuisine") [Contemporary cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine "Italian cuisine") \| \| Regional cuisines \| [Abruzzese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Abruzzo "Cuisine of Abruzzo") [Apulian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulian_cuisine "Apulian cuisine") [Arbëreshë](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arb%C3%ABresh%C3%AB_cuisine "Arbëreshë cuisine") [Campanian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campanian_cuisine "Campanian cuisine") [Corsican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Corsica "Cuisine of Corsica") [Emilian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilian_cuisine "Emilian cuisine") [Ligurian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Liguria "Cuisine of Liguria") [Lombard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard_cuisine "Lombard cuisine") [Mantuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mantua "Cuisine of Mantua") [Lucanian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Basilicata "Cuisine of Basilicata") [Neapolitan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_cuisine "Neapolitan cuisine") [Piedmontese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piedmontese_cuisine "Piedmontese cuisine") [Roman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_cuisine "Roman cuisine") [Sardinian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Sardinia "Cuisine of Sardinia") [Sicilian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine "Sicilian cuisine") [Tuscan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_cuisine "Tuscan cuisine") [Venetian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_cuisine "Venetian cuisine") \| \| Pasta and sauces \| [Pasta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta "Pasta") ([List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pasta "List of pasta")) [Carbonara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonara "Carbonara") [Pesto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesto "Pesto") [Ragù](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rag%C3%B9 "Ragù") [Neapolitan ragù](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_rag%C3%B9 "Neapolitan ragù") [Struncatura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struncatura "Struncatura") [Arrabbiata sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrabbiata_sauce "Arrabbiata sauce") [Amatriciana sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amatriciana_sauce "Amatriciana sauce") [Marinara sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinara_sauce "Marinara sauce") [Genovese sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genovese_sauce "Genovese sauce") [Bolognese sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognese_sauce "Bolognese sauce") [Fettuccine Alfredo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fettuccine_Alfredo "Fettuccine Alfredo") [Pasta alla Norma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_alla_Norma "Pasta alla Norma") [Pasta con i peperoni cruschi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_con_i_peperoni_cruschi "Pasta con i peperoni cruschi") [Pasta con le sarde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_con_le_sarde "Pasta con le sarde") [Pasta e fagioli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_e_fagioli "Pasta e fagioli") [Pasta al pomodoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro "Pasta al pomodoro") [Rigatoni con la Pajata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigatoni_con_la_Pajata "Rigatoni con la Pajata") [Cacio e pepe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacio_e_pepe "Cacio e pepe") [Spaghetti aglio e olio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_aglio_e_olio "Spaghetti aglio e olio") [Spaghetti alla puttanesca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_alla_puttanesca "Spaghetti alla puttanesca") [Pasta allo scarpariello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_allo_scarpariello "Pasta allo scarpariello") [Spaghetti alle vongole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_alle_vongole "Spaghetti alle vongole") [Tumact me tulez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumact_me_tulez "Tumact me tulez") \| \| [Soups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_soups "List of Italian soups") \| [Soup alla canavese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup_alla_Canavese "Soup alla Canavese") [Soup alla modenese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup_alla_modenese "Soup alla modenese") [Acquacotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquacotta "Acquacotta") [Bagnun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagnun "Bagnun") [Minestrone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minestrone "Minestrone") [Ribollita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribollita "Ribollita") \| \| Other dishes ([List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks "List of Italian foods and drinks")) \| [Abbacchio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbacchio "Abbacchio") [Arrosticini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrosticini "Arrosticini") [Bagna càuda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagna_c%C3%A0uda "Bagna càuda") [Braciola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braciola "Braciola") [Bruschetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruschetta "Bruschetta") [Bruscitti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruscitti "Bruscitti") [Cotoletta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotoletta "Cotoletta") [Cotoletta alla milanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotoletta_alla_milanese "Cotoletta alla milanese") [Crostino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crostino "Crostino") [Bollito misto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollito_misto "Bollito misto") [Baccalà alla lucana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_lucana "Baccalà alla lucana") [Baccalà alla vicentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baccal%C3%A0_alla_vicentina "Baccalà alla vicentina") [Cacciatore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacciatore "Cacciatore") [Cacciucco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacciucco "Cacciucco") [Caponata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caponata "Caponata") [Cappon magro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappon_magro "Cappon magro") [Caprese salad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprese_salad "Caprese salad") [Carciofi alla romana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carciofi_alla_romana "Carciofi alla romana") [Carpaccio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpaccio "Carpaccio") [Carne pizzaiola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carne_pizzaiola "Carne pizzaiola") [Cassoeula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassoeula "Cassoeula") [Ciambotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciambotta "Ciambotta") [Ciccioli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciccioli "Ciccioli") [Coda alla vaccinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coda_alla_vaccinara "Coda alla vaccinara") [Fiorentina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-bone_steak "T-bone steak") [Fondue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue "Fondue") [Frico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frico "Frico") [Frittata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittata "Frittata") [Frittola (meat dish)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittola_$meat_dish$ "Frittola (meat dish)") [Frittola (doughnut)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittola_$doughnut$ "Frittola (doughnut)") [Fritto misto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritto_misto "Fritto misto") [Istrian stew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrian_stew "Istrian stew") [Lampredotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampredotto "Lampredotto") [Polenta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polenta "Polenta") [Porchetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porchetta "Porchetta") [Panzanella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzanella "Panzanella") [Parmigiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigiana "Parmigiana") [Ossobuco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossobuco "Ossobuco") [Orzotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orzotto "Orzotto") [Rafanata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafanata "Rafanata") [Risotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risotto "Risotto") [Rollatini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollatini "Rollatini") [Saltimbocca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltimbocca "Saltimbocca") [Scaloppine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaloppine "Scaloppine") [Timballo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timballo "Timballo") [Vitello tonnato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitello_tonnato "Vitello tonnato") \| \| Pizza and street food \| [Pizza]() [al taglio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_al_taglio "Pizza al taglio") [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") [Sicilian pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_pizza "Sicilian pizza") [Focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") [Piscialandrea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re "Pissaladière") [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") [Crocchè](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocch%C3%A8 "Crocchè") [Arancini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arancini "Arancini") [Supplì](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC "Supplì") [Frittula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittula_$meat_dish$ "Frittula (meat dish)") [Panelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panelle "Panelle") [Pani câ meusa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pani_c%C3%A2_meusa "Pani câ meusa") [Panino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_$sandwich$ "Panini (sandwich)") [Piadina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piadina "Piadina") [Arrosticini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrosticini "Arrosticini") [Farinata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farinata "Farinata") [Tramezzino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramezzino "Tramezzino") [Zippuli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zippuli "Zippuli") [Sardenara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardenara "Sardenara") [Scaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaccia "Scaccia") [U' pastizz 'rtunnar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%27_pastizz_%27rtunnar "U' pastizz 'rtunnar") \| \| Cheeses and charcuterie \| [Cheeses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_cheeses "List of Italian cheeses") [PDO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_PDO_cheeses "List of Italian PDO cheeses") [Salumi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salumi "Salumi") \| \| Pastry and desserts ([List](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_desserts_and_pastries "List of Italian desserts and pastries")) \| [Bocconotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocconotto "Bocconotto") [Bombolone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombolone_$doughnut$ "Bombolone (doughnut)") [Bruttiboni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruttiboni "Bruttiboni") [Buccellato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccellato "Buccellato") [Budino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budino "Budino") [Cannoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannoli "Cannoli") [Cantuccini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biscotti "Biscotti") [Cassata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassata "Cassata") [Cassatella di sant'Agata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassatella_di_sant%27Agata "Cassatella di sant'Agata") [Castagnaccio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castagnaccio "Castagnaccio") [Cavallucci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavallucci "Cavallucci") [Colomba di Pasqua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colomba_di_Pasqua "Colomba di Pasqua") [Crostata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crostata "Crostata") [Crocetta of Caltanissetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocetta_of_Caltanissetta "Crocetta of Caltanissetta") [Gelato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelato "Gelato") [Granita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granita "Granita") [Grattachecca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grattachecca "Grattachecca") [Iris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_$pastry$ "Iris (pastry)") [Marzipan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marzipan "Marzipan") [Mustacciuoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustacciuoli "Mustacciuoli") [Neapolitan ice cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_ice_cream "Neapolitan ice cream") [Neccio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neccio "Neccio") [Nutella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutella "Nutella") [Pandoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandoro "Pandoro") [Panettone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panettone "Panettone") [Panforte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panforte "Panforte") [Panna cotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panna_cotta "Panna cotta") [Panpepato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panpepato "Panpepato") [Parrozzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrozzo "Parrozzo") [Pastiera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastiera "Pastiera") [Pignolata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pignolata "Pignolata") [Pizzelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzelle "Pizzelle") [Ricciarelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricciarelli "Ricciarelli") [Seada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seada "Seada") [Semifreddo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semifreddo "Semifreddo") [Sfogliatelle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfogliatelle "Sfogliatelle") [Sorbetto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbet "Sorbet") [Sponge cake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_cake "Sponge cake") [Spumoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spumoni "Spumoni") [Struffoli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struffoli "Struffoli") [Tartufo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartufo "Tartufo") [Tiramisu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiramisu "Tiramisu") [Torrone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turr%C3%B3n "Turrón") [Torta caprese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torta_caprese "Torta caprese") [Zabaione](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabaione "Zabaione") [Zeppole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeppole "Zeppole") [Zuccotto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuccotto "Zuccotto") [Zuppa Inglese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuppa_Inglese "Zuppa Inglese") \| \| Breads \| [Borlengo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borlengo "Borlengo") [Breadstick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadstick "Breadstick") [Ciabatta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciabatta "Ciabatta") [Coppia Ferrarese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppia_Ferrarese "Coppia Ferrarese") [Filone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filone "Filone") [Michetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michetta "Michetta") [Pane carasau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane_carasau "Pane carasau") [Pane di Altamura](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane_di_Altamura "Pane di Altamura") [Pane sciocco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane_sciocco "Pane sciocco") [Sgabeo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sgabeo "Sgabeo") [Taralli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taralli "Taralli") [Vastedda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastedda "Vastedda") \| \| Wines \| [Varieties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_wine "Italian wine") [IGT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_IGT_wines "List of Italian IGT wines") [DOCG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOCG_wines "List of Italian DOCG wines") [DOC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_DOC_wines "List of Italian DOC wines") [Abruzzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abruzzo_$wine_region$ "Abruzzo (wine region)") [Calabrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabrian_wine "Calabrian wine") [Friulan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia_wine "Friuli-Venezia Giulia wine") [Lombard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardia_$wine$ "Lombardia (wine)") [Piedmontese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piemonte_$wine$ "Piemonte (wine)") [Tuscan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscan_wine "Tuscan wine") [Venetian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian_wine "Venetian wine") \| \| Alcoholic beverages \| [Beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_in_Italy "Beer in Italy") [Grappa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grappa "Grappa") [Sambuca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambuca "Sambuca") [Mirto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirto_$liqueur$ "Mirto (liqueur)") [Vermouth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermouth "Vermouth") [Spritz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spritz_$cocktail$ "Spritz (cocktail)") [Limoncello](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limoncello "Limoncello") [Fernet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernet "Fernet") [Campari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campari "Campari") [Aperol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperol "Aperol") [Cynar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynar "Cynar") [Amaro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaro_$liqueur$ "Amaro (liqueur)") [Amaretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaretto "Amaretto") [Nocino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocino "Nocino") [Centerbe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centerbe "Centerbe") [Bargnolino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargnolino "Bargnolino") [Maraschino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraschino "Maraschino") [Sassolino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassolino "Sassolino") [Strega](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strega_$liqueur$ "Strega (liqueur)") [Rosolio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosolio "Rosolio") [Galliano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliano_$liqueur$ "Galliano (liqueur)") [Frangelico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangelico "Frangelico") [Alchermes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alchermes "Alchermes") [Aurum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurum_$liqueur$ "Aurum (liqueur)") \| \| Coffee \| [Caffè](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8 "Caffè") [Espresso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso "Espresso") [Lungo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungo "Lungo") [Ristretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristretto "Ristretto") [Doppio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppio "Doppio") [Espressino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espressino "Espressino") [Cappuccino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappuccino "Cappuccino") [Caffelatte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte "Latte") [Latte macchiato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latte_macchiato "Latte macchiato") [Caffè macchiato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_macchiato "Caffè macchiato") [Caffè corretto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caff%C3%A8_corretto "Caffè corretto") [Affogato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affogato "Affogato") [Mocaccino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocaccino "Mocaccino") [Marocchino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marocchino "Marocchino") [Bicerin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicerin "Bicerin") [Barbajada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbajada "Barbajada") [Bombardino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardino "Bombardino") \| \| Related \| [Grano arso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grano_arso "Grano arso") [Sammarinese cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammarinese_cuisine "Sammarinese cuisine") [Italian-American cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine "Italian-American cuisine") [Italian food products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_food_products "Italian food products") [Sausages in Italian cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausages_in_Italian_cuisine "Sausages in Italian cuisine") [Osteria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteria "Osteria") [Trattoria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattoria "Trattoria") [Enoteca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoteca "Enoteca") [Sagra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagra_$festival$ "Sagra (festival)") [List of Italian chefs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_chefs "List of Italian chefs") [List of Italian foods and drinks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_foods_and_drinks "List of Italian foods and drinks") [Meal structure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_meal_structure "Italian meal structure") [Italian Sounding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Sounding "Italian Sounding") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Flatbreads "Template:Flatbreads") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Flatbreads "Template talk:Flatbreads") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Flatbreads "Special:EditPage/Template:Flatbreads")[Flatbreads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbread "Flatbread") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| Asia \| [Aparon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparon "Aparon") [Balep korkun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balep_korkun "Balep korkun") [Barbari bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbari_bread "Barbari bread") [Bhakri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhakri "Bhakri") [Bhatoora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhatoora "Bhatoora") [Bindae-tteok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindae-tteok "Bindae-tteok") [Bing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_$bread$ "Bing (bread)") [Bolani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolani "Bolani") [Chapati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapati "Chapati") [Danbing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danbing "Danbing") [Kaak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaak_$bread$ "Kaak (bread)") [Kabkab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabkab "Kabkab") [Kattama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kattama "Kattama") [Khubz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khubz "Khubz") [Kiping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiping "Kiping") [Kulcha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulcha "Kulcha") [Gözleme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6zleme "Gözleme") [Jolada rotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolada_rotti "Jolada rotti") [Lahoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahoh "Lahoh") [Laobing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laobing "Laobing") [Lavash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavash "Lavash") [Luchi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luchi "Luchi") [Malooga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malooga "Malooga") [Markook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markook_$bread$ "Markook (bread)") [Matzo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matzah "Matzah") [Mulawah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khubz_mulawah "Khubz mulawah") [Malawach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawach "Malawach") [Malawah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malawah "Malawah") [Naan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naan "Naan") [Nan/non](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandyr_nan "Tandyr nan") [Papadam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papadam "Papadam") [Paratha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratha "Paratha") [Aloo paratha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloo_paratha "Aloo paratha") [Parotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotta "Parotta") [Pathiri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathiri "Pathiri") [Phitti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phitti "Phitti") [Piaya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaya_$food$ "Piaya (food)") [Pihta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pihta "Pihta") [Pita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita "Pita") [Pletzel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pletzel "Pletzel") [Puran poli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puran_poli "Puran poli") [Puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puri_$food$ "Puri (food)") [Qistibi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qistibi "Qistibi") [Qutab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutab "Qutab") [Ramazan pidesi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_pidesi "Ramazan pidesi") [Roti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti "Roti") [Makki di roti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makki_di_roti "Makki di roti") [Roti canai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti_canai "Roti canai") [Roti prata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti_prata "Roti prata") [Rumali roti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumali_roti "Rumali roti") [Sa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa_$Mandaeism$ "Sa (Mandaeism)") [Sanchuisanda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanchuisanda "Sanchuisanda") [Sangak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangak "Sangak") Scallion pancake [Cōng yóu bǐng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%8Dng_y%C3%B3u_b%C7%90ng "Cōng yóu bǐng") [Pajeon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajeon "Pajeon") [Saj bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saj_bread "Saj bread") [Shaobing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaobing "Shaobing") [Sheermal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheermal "Sheermal") [Shelpek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelpek "Shelpek") [Taboon bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taboon_bread "Taboon bread") [Taftan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taftan_$bread$ "Taftan (bread)") [Tandoor bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandoor_bread "Tandoor bread") [Thalipeeth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalipeeth "Thalipeeth") [Zhingyalov hats](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhingyalov_hats "Zhingyalov hats") \| [![Afghan flatbread](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Afghan_bread.jpg/250px-Afghan_bread.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Afghan_bread.jpg "Afghan flatbread") \| \| Europe \| [Bannock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannock_$British_and_Irish_food$ "Bannock (British and Irish food)") [Bazlama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazlama "Bazlama") [Crescia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescia "Crescia") [Crispbread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crispbread "Crispbread") [Farl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farl "Farl") [Flammkuchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarte_flamb%C3%A9e "Tarte flambée") [Flatbrød](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbr%C3%B8d "Flatbrød") [Flatkaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatkaka "Flatkaka") [Focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") [Hoggan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoggan "Hoggan") [Khachapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachapuri "Khachapuri") [Lángos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ngos "Lángos") [Lefse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefse "Lefse") [Mekitsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekitsa "Mekitsa") [Opłatek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_wafer "Christmas wafer") [Pancake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake "Pancake") [Pane carasau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pane_carasau "Pane carasau") [Piadina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piadina "Piadina") Pinsa [Pita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita "Pita") [Pizza]() [Podpłomyk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podp%C5%82omyk "Podpłomyk") [Proziaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proziaki "Proziaki") [Rieska](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breads_of_Finland#Rieska "Breads of Finland") [Sacramental bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramental_bread "Sacramental bread") [Scaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaccia "Scaccia") [Shotis puri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotis_puri "Shotis puri") [Somun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somun "Somun") [Talo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talo_$food$ "Talo (food)") [Tigella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crescentina_modenese "Crescentina modenese") [Torta de gazpacho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torta_de_gazpacho "Torta de gazpacho") [Tunnbröd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnbr%C3%B6d "Tunnbröd") \| \| \| Africa \| [Bataw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataw_$bread$ "Bataw (bread)") [Eish merahrah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eish_merahrah "Eish merahrah") [Injera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injera "Injera") [Khubz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khubz "Khubz") [Lahoh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahoh "Lahoh") [Ngome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngome_$bread$ "Ngome (bread)") [Msemen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Msemen "Msemen") [Sabaayad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaayad "Sabaayad") \| \| \| America \| [Arepa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arepa "Arepa") [Bammy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bammy "Bammy") [Bannock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannock_$Indigenous_American$ "Bannock (Indigenous American)") [Casabe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapioca#Flatbreads "Tapioca") [Frybread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frybread "Frybread") [Corn tortilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilla "Tortilla") [List of tortilla-based dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tortilla-based_dishes "List of tortilla-based dishes") [Flour tortilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour_tortilla "Flour tortilla") [Tortilla de rescoldo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortilla_de_rescoldo "Tortilla de rescoldo") \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/20px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg "Wikibooks page") [Recipes on WikiBooks](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Bread_Recipes "b:Cookbook:Bread Recipes") ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category:Flatbreads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Flatbreads "Category:Flatbreads") [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Food "Portal:Food") \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cheese_dishes "Template:Cheese dishes") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cheese_dishes "Template talk:Cheese dishes") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cheese_dishes "Special:EditPage/Template:Cheese dishes")[Cheese dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cheese_dishes "List of cheese dishes") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Dishes \| [Aligot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aligot "Aligot") [Alivenci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alivenci "Alivenci") [Almogrote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almogrote "Almogrote") [Älplermagronen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84lplermagronen "Älplermagronen") [Arancini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arancini "Arancini") [Arizona cheese crisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_cheese_crisp "Arizona cheese crisp") [Baked potato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_potato "Baked potato") [Bagel and cream cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagel_and_cream_cheese "Bagel and cream cheese") [Barfi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barfi "Barfi") [Beer cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_cheese_$spread$ "Beer cheese (spread)") [Bryndzové halušky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryndzov%C3%A9_halu%C5%A1ky "Bryndzové halušky") [Cacio e pepe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacio_e_pepe "Cacio e pepe") [Caprese salad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprese_salad "Caprese salad") [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") [Cauliflower cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauliflower_cheese "Cauliflower cheese") [Cervelle de canut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervelle_de_canut "Cervelle de canut") [Cheese and crackers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_and_crackers "Cheese and crackers") [Cheese cracker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_cracker "Cheese cracker") [Cheese ball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_ball_$hors_d%27oeuvre$ "Cheese ball (hors d'oeuvre)") [Cheese fries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_fries "Cheese fries") [Cheese on toast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_on_toast "Cheese on toast") [Cheese pudding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_pudding "Cheese pudding") [Cheese puffs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_puffs "Cheese puffs") [Cheese roll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_roll "Cheese roll") [Cheese slaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_slaw "Cheese slaw") [Cheese spread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_spread "Cheese spread") [Cheesecake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheesecake "Cheesecake") [Chèvre chaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8vre_chaud "Chèvre chaud") [Chhena gaja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhena_gaja "Chhena gaja") [Chhena jalebi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhena_jalebi "Chhena jalebi") [Chhena kheeri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhena_kheeri "Chhena kheeri") [Chhena poda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhena_poda "Chhena poda") [Chile con queso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile_con_queso "Chile con queso") [Curd snack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curd_snack "Curd snack") [Empanada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empanada "Empanada") [Fondue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondue "Fondue") [Frico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frico "Frico") [Fried cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_cheese "Fried cheese") [Frito pie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frito_pie "Frito pie") [Gougère](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goug%C3%A8re "Gougère") [Gratin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratin "Gratin") [Gujia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujia "Gujia") [Gulab jamun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulab_jamun "Gulab jamun") [Hauskyjza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauskyjza "Hauskyjza") [Jalapeño popper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o_popper "Jalapeño popper") [Kaasstengels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasstengels "Kaasstengels") [Kasseropita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasseropita "Kasseropita") [Khachapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachapuri "Khachapuri") [Khira sagara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khira_sagara "Khira sagara") [Lasagna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasagna "Lasagna") [Lazy varenyky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_varenyky "Lazy varenyky") [Liptauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liptauer "Liptauer") [Macaroni and cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaroni_and_cheese "Macaroni and cheese") [Macaroni schotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaroni_schotel "Macaroni schotel") [Machas a la parmesana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machas_a_la_parmesana "Machas a la parmesana") [Malakoff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakoff_$food$ "Malakoff (food)") [Matar paneer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matar_paneer "Matar paneer") [Meatloaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatloaf "Meatloaf") [Moretum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moretum "Moretum") [Mornay sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mornay_sauce "Mornay sauce") [Mozzarella sticks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella_sticks "Mozzarella sticks") [Mote de queso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mote_de_queso "Mote de queso") [Nachos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachos "Nachos") [Obatzda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obatzda "Obatzda") [Olive ascolane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_ascolane "Olive ascolane") [Ostkaka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostkaka "Ostkaka") [Papanași](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papana%C8%99i "Papanași") [Parmigiana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parmigiana "Parmigiana") [Pască](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasc%C4%83 "Pască") [Paskha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paskha "Paskha") [Pastel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastel_$food$ "Pastel (food)") ([Brazilian version](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastel_$Brazilian_food$ "Pastel (Brazilian food)")) [Pastizz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastizz "Pastizz") [Peda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peda "Peda") [Pepperoni roll](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni_roll "Pepperoni roll") [Pierogi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierogi "Pierogi") [Pimento cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimento_cheese "Pimento cheese") [Pizza]() [Plăcintă](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%83cint%C4%83 "Plăcintă") [Polpettone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polpettone_di_melanzane "Polpettone di melanzane") [Poulet au fromage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poulet_au_fromage "Poulet au fromage") [Poutine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poutine "Poutine") [Provoleta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provoleta "Provoleta") [Quarkkäulchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarkk%C3%A4ulchen "Quarkkäulchen") [Quesadilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesadilla "Quesadilla") [Quesito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quesito "Quesito") [Queso flameado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queso_flameado "Queso flameado") [Queso ice cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queso_ice_cream "Queso ice cream") [Raclette](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raclette "Raclette") [Ras malai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ras_malai "Ras malai") [Rasabali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasabali "Rasabali") [Rasgulla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasgulla "Rasgulla") [Saganaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saganaki "Saganaki") [Sandesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandesh_$confectionery$ "Sandesh (confectionery)") [Shahi paneer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahi_paneer "Shahi paneer") [Smažený sýr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sma%C5%BEen%C3%BD_s%C3%BDr "Smažený sýr") [Spanakopita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanakopita "Spanakopita") [Stromboli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromboli_$food$ "Stromboli (food)") [Stuffed peppers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuffed_peppers "Stuffed peppers") [Supplì](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppl%C3%AC "Supplì") [Syrniki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrniki "Syrniki") [Tirokafteri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirokafteri "Tirokafteri") [Tiropita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiropita "Tiropita") [Túró Rudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3_Rudi "Túró Rudi") [Túrós csusza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BAr%C3%B3s_csusza "Túrós csusza") [Urnebes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnebes "Urnebes") [Vatrushka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrushka "Vatrushka") [Welsh rarebit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_rarebit "Welsh rarebit") \| \| [Sandwiches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich "Sandwich") \| [Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon,_egg_and_cheese_sandwich "Bacon, egg and cheese sandwich") [Breakfast sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_sandwich "Breakfast sandwich") [Carrozza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrozza_$sandwich$ "Carrozza (sandwich)") [Cheese dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_dog "Cheese dog") [Cheese dream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_dream "Cheese dream") [Cheese sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_sandwich "Cheese sandwich") [Cheese and pickle sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_and_pickle_sandwich "Cheese and pickle sandwich") [Cheeseburger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheeseburger "Cheeseburger") [Cheesesteak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheesesteak "Cheesesteak") [Croissan'Wich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croissan%27Wich "Croissan'Wich") [Croque monsieur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croque_monsieur "Croque monsieur") [Cuban sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_sandwich "Cuban sandwich") [Dagwood sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagwood_sandwich "Dagwood sandwich") [Grilled cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grilled_cheese "Grilled cheese") [Ham and cheese sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham_and_cheese_sandwich "Ham and cheese sandwich") [Jucy/Juicy Lucy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jucy_Lucy "Jucy Lucy") [McMuffin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMuffin "McMuffin") [Monte Cristo sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Cristo_sandwich "Monte Cristo sandwich") [Patty melt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_melt "Patty melt") [Reuben sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuben_sandwich "Reuben sandwich") [Roti bakar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roti_bakar "Roti bakar") [Sándwich de miga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ndwich_de_miga "Sándwich de miga") [Sub sandwich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub_sandwich "Sub sandwich") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tomatoes "Template:Tomatoes") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Tomatoes "Template talk:Tomatoes") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tomatoes "Special:EditPage/Template:Tomatoes")[Tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato "Tomato") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Tomato types \| [Beefsteak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beefsteak_tomato "Beefsteak tomato") [Cherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_tomato "Cherry tomato") [Grape](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape_tomato "Grape tomato") [Pear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pear_tomato "Pear tomato") [Plum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_tomato "Plum tomato") \| \| Tomato cultivars \| [Ailsa Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ailsa_Craig_tomato "Ailsa Craig tomato") [Alicante](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante_tomato "Alicante tomato") [Amish Paste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish_Paste "Amish Paste") [Arkansas Traveller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Traveler_tomato "Arkansas Traveler tomato") [Aunt Ruby's German Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunt_Ruby%27s_German_Green "Aunt Ruby's German Green") [Azoychka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoychka "Azoychka") [Better Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Boy "Better Boy") [Big Rainbow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Rainbow "Big Rainbow") [Blaby Special](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaby_Special "Blaby Special") [Black Krim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Krim "Black Krim") [Brandywine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_$tomato$ "Brandywine (tomato)") [Campari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campari_tomato "Campari tomato") [Celebrity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celebrity_tomato "Celebrity tomato") [Cherokee purple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee_purple "Cherokee purple") [Early Girl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Girl "Early Girl") [Fourth of July](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_of_July_tomato "Fourth of July tomato") [Garden Peach](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_Peach "Garden Peach") [Green Zebra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Zebra "Green Zebra") [Hanover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover_tomato "Hanover tomato") [Hillbilly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillbilly_tomato "Hillbilly tomato") [Indigo Rose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_tomato "Blue tomato") [Jersey Boy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Boy_tomato "Jersey Boy tomato") [Jubilee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubilee_tomato "Jubilee tomato") [Kumato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumato "Kumato") [Lillian's Yellow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian%27s_Yellow "Lillian's Yellow") [Marglobe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marglobe "Marglobe") [Matt's Wild Cherry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%27s_Wild_Cherry "Matt's Wild Cherry") [Mortgage Lifter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortgage_Lifter "Mortgage Lifter") [Mr. Stripey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Stripey "Mr. Stripey") [Paul Robeson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson_tomato "Paul Robeson tomato") [Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodorino_del_Piennolo_del_Vesuvio "Pomodorino del Piennolo del Vesuvio") [Pomodorino di Manduria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodorino_di_Manduria "Pomodorino di Manduria") [Pomodoro di Pachino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomodoro_di_Pachino "Pomodoro di Pachino") [Raf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raf_tomato "Raf tomato") [Roma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_tomato "Roma tomato") [Rutgers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutgers_tomato "Rutgers tomato") [San Marzano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato "San Marzano tomato") [Santorini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santorini_tomato "Santorini tomato") [Siberian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberian_tomato "Siberian tomato") [Super Sweet 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Sweet_100 "Super Sweet 100") [Three Sisters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Sisters_tomato "Three Sisters tomato") [Tigerella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigerella "Tigerella") [Tomaccio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomaccio "Tomaccio") [Tomberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomberry "Tomberry") [List of tomato cultivars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tomato_cultivars "List of tomato cultivars") \| \| Culinary \| [List of tomato dishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tomato_dishes "List of tomato dishes") [Bruschetta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruschetta "Bruschetta") [Canned tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canned_tomato "Canned tomato") [Caprese salad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprese_salad "Caprese salad") [Fattoush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fattoush "Fattoush") [Fried green tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_green_tomatoes "Fried green tomatoes") [Galayet bandora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galayet_bandora "Galayet bandora") [Pa amb tomàquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa_amb_tom%C3%A0quet "Pa amb tomàquet") [Panzanella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzanella "Panzanella") [Pasta al pomodoro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasta_al_pomodoro "Pasta al pomodoro") [Pizza]() [Pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita") [Pizza marinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_marinara "Pizza marinara") [Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stir-fried_tomato_and_scrambled_eggs "Stir-fried tomato and scrambled eggs") [Stuffed tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuffed_tomatoes "Stuffed tomatoes") [Sun-dried tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-dried_tomato "Sun-dried tomato") [Stewed tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewed_tomatoes "Stewed tomatoes") [Strapatsada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strapatsada "Strapatsada") [Tomato bredie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_bredie "Tomato bredie") [Tomato juice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_juice "Tomato juice") Tomato pie [Green](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_tomato_pie "Green tomato pie") [Italian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_tomato_pie "Italian tomato pie") [Trenton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trenton_tomato_pie "Trenton tomato pie") [Southern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_tomato_pie "Southern tomato pie") [Tomato sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_sauce "Tomato sauce") [Tomato soup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_soup "Tomato soup") [Gazpacho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazpacho "Gazpacho") [Tomato and egg soup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_and_egg_soup "Tomato and egg soup") \| \| Condiments \| [Capuliato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capuliato "Capuliato") [Ketchup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup "Ketchup") [Pickapeppa Sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickapeppa_Sauce "Pickapeppa Sauce") [Salsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsa_$sauce$ "Salsa (sauce)") [Tomato chutney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_chutney "Tomato chutney") [Tomato compote](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_compote "Tomato compote") [Tomato jam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_jam "Tomato jam") [Tomato paste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_paste "Tomato paste") [Tomato seed oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_seed_oil "Tomato seed oil") \| \| Pest and [diseases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tomato_diseases "List of tomato diseases") \| [Curly top](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curly_top "Curly top") [Fusarium wilt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium "Fusarium") [Tobacco mosaic virus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_virus "Tobacco mosaic virus") [Tomato fruitworm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoverpa_zea "Helicoverpa zea") [Tomato hornworm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manduca_quinquemaculata "Manduca quinquemaculata") [Tomato russet mite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aculops_lycopersici "Aculops lycopersici") \| \| See also \| [2010 United States tomato shortage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_tomato_shortage "2010 United States tomato shortage") [British Tomato Growers' Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Tomato_Growers%27_Association "British Tomato Growers' Association") [Genetically modified tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_tomato "Genetically modified tomato") [Flavr Savr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavr_Savr "Flavr Savr") [La Tomatina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Tomatina "La Tomatina") [Museum of Tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Tomato "Museum of Tomato") [Nix v. Hedden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden "Nix v. Hedden") [Tomato knife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_knife "Tomato knife") [Tomato slicer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_slicer "Tomato slicer") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tomatoes "Category:Tomatoes") \| \| \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| International \| [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/4046188-9) [FAST](https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1064969) \| \| National \| [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85102546) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12002171q) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12002171q) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124081&CON_LNG=ENG) [Spain](https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX551577) [Argentina](https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000040757) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007550806905171) \| \| Other \| [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/9776fc66-3b33-4c49-b823-3cec5eff706e) \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pizza&oldid=1346950809>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - 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Readable Markdown	\| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Pizza-3007395.jpg/330px-Pizza-3007395.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza-3007395.jpg)A pizza divided into eight slices \| \| \| Type \| [Flatbread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatbread "Flatbread") \| \| Course \| One course meal \| \| Place of origin \| [Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy "Italy") \| \| Region or state \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania") \| \| Serving temperature \| Hot or warm \| \| Main ingredients \| Dough, sauce (usually [tomato sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato_sauce "Tomato sauce")), cheese (typically [mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella")) \| \| Similar dishes \| [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone"), [panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") \| \| [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) [Media: Pizza](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pizza "commons:Pizza") \| \| Pizza[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-2) is an [Italian dish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_cuisine "Italian cuisine") typically consisting of a flat base of [leavened](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavening_agent "Leavening agent") [wheat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat "Wheat")\-based [dough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dough "Dough") topped with [tomato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato "Tomato"), [cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese "Cheese"), and other ingredients, baked at a high temperature, traditionally in a wood-fired oven. The term pizza was first recorded in AD 997, in a [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin "Latin") manuscript from the [southern Italian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Italy "Southern Italy") town of [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), in Lazio, on the border with [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3) [Raffaele Esposito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Esposito "Raffaele Esposito") is often credited for creating the modern pizza in [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples").[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Schwartz-4)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Dickie-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Orsini-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-7) In 2009, [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza")[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-8) was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed "Traditional speciality guaranteed") (TSG) dish. In 2017, the art of making Neapolitan pizza was included on [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage "Intangible cultural heritage").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9) Pizza and its variants are among the most popular foods in the world. Pizza is sold at a variety of restaurants, including [pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzeria "Pizzeria"), [Mediterranean restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine "Mediterranean cuisine"), via [delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_delivery "Pizza delivery"), and as [street food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_food "Street food").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Miller-10) In Italy, pizza served in a restaurant is presented unsliced, and is eaten with the use of a knife and fork.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-12) In casual settings, however, it is typically [cut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cutter "Pizza cutter") into slices to be eaten [while held in the hand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_food "Finger food"). Pizza is also sold in [grocery stores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grocery_stores "Grocery stores") in a variety of forms, including [frozen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_food "Frozen food") or as kits for self-assembly. Store-bought pizzas are then cooked using a home oven. In 2017, the world pizza market was US\$128 billion; in the US, it was \$44 billion spread over 76,000 pizzerias.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-13) Overall, 13% of the US population aged two years and over consumed pizza on any given day.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-14) Etymology The oldest recorded usage of the word pizza is thought to be from May 997 AD, appearing in the [Codex diplomaticus Caietanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_diplomaticus_Caietanus "Codex diplomaticus Caietanus"), a notarial [Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin "Latin") document from the town of [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), then still part of the [Byzantine Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire "Byzantine Empire").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-pizza-origin-telegraph-15) The text states that a tenant of certain property is to give the bishop of Gaeta duodecim pizze (lit. 'twelve pizzas'),[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-codex1887-16) a [pork shoulder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_shoulder "Pork shoulder") and kidney annually on Christmas Day, and twelve pizzas and a couple of chickens annually on [Easter Sunday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Sunday "Easter Sunday").[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17) Suggested etymologies include: - [Byzantine Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Greek "Byzantine Greek") and [Late Latin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Latin "Late Latin") pitta \> pizza, cf. Modern Greek [pitta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita "Pita") bread and the Apulia and Calabrian (then [Byzantine Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy "Catepanate of Italy")) pitta,[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-18) a round flat bread baked in the oven at high temperature sometimes with toppings. The word pitta can in turn be traced to either [Ancient Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek "Ancient Greek") πικτή (pikte), 'fermented pastry', which in Latin became picta, or Ancient Greek πίσσα (pissa, [Attic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attic_Greek "Attic Greek"): πίττα, pitta), 'pitch',[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-19)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-20) or πήτεα (pḗtea), 'bran' (πητίτης, pētítēs, 'bran bread').[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-21) - The [Etymological Dictionary of the Italian Language](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocabolario_etimologico_della_lingua_italiana "it:Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana") explains it as coming from dialectal pinza, 'clamp', as in modern Italian pinze, 'pliers, pincers, tongs, forceps'. Their origin is from Latin pinsere, 'to pound, stamp'.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-22) - The [Lombardic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language "Lombardic language") word bizzo or pizzo, meaning 'mouthful' (related to the English words bit and bite), which was brought to Italy in the middle of the 6th century AD by the invading [Lombards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombards "Lombards").[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-MartinMaiden-3)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-23) The shift b→p could be explained by the [High German consonant shift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_German_consonant_shift "High German consonant shift"), and it has been noted in this connection that in German the word Imbiss means 'snack'. A person who makes pizza is known as a pizzaiolo.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-24) The word pizza was borrowed from Italian into English in the 1930s; before it became well known, pizza was called "tomato pie" by English speakers. Some regional pizza variations still use the name tomato pie.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-25) History [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg/250px-Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizzaiolo-1830.jpg) An illustration from 1830 of a pizzaiolo in Naples Records of pizza-like foods can be found throughout ancient history. In the 6th century BC, the [Persian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_people "Persian people") soldiers of the [Achaemenid Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire "Achaemenid Empire") during the rule of [Darius the Great](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_the_Great "Darius the Great") baked flatbreads with cheese and [dates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_$fruits$ "Date (fruits)") on top of their battle shields[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-26)[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-27) and the [ancient Greeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greeks "Ancient Greeks") supplemented their bread with [oils](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil "Vegetable oil"), herbs, and cheese.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-28)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-29) An early reference to a pizza-like food occurs in the [Aeneid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneid "Aeneid"), when Celaeno, queen of the [Harpies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpies "Harpies"), foretells that the Trojans would not find peace until they are forced by hunger to eat their tables (Book III). In Book VII, [Aeneas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeneas "Aeneas") and his men are served a meal that includes round cakes (such as pita bread) topped with cooked vegetables. When they eat the bread, they realize that these are the "tables" prophesied by Celaeno.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-30) In 2023, archeologists discovered a fresco in [Pompeii](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompeii "Pompeii") appearing to depict a pizza-like dish among other foodstuffs and staples on a silver platter. Italy's culture minister said it "may be a distant ancestor of the modern dish".[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-31)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-32) The first mention of the word pizza seemingly comes from a notarial document written in Latin and dating to 997 AD from [Gaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeta "Gaeta"), demanding a payment of "twelve pizzas, a pork shoulder, and a pork kidney on Christmas Day, and 12 pizzas and a couple of chickens on Easter Day".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-la-repubblica-17) Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) Before that time, flatbread was often topped with ingredients such as garlic, salt, lard, and cheese. It is uncertain when tomatoes were first added and there are many conflicting claims,[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Helstosky21-33) although it certainly could not have been before the 16th century and the [Columbian Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_Exchange "Columbian Exchange"). Pizza was sold from open-air stands and out of pizza bakeries until about 1830, when pizzerias in Naples started to have stanze with tables where clients could sit and eat their pizzas on the spot.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-34) A popular legend holds that the archetypal pizza, [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita"),[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-35) was invented in 1889, when the [Royal Palace of Capodimonte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Capodimonte "Royal Palace of Capodimonte") commissioned the Neapolitan [pizzaiolo](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pizzaiolo "wiktionary:pizzaiolo") ('pizza maker') [Raffaele Esposito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaele_Esposito "Raffaele Esposito") to create a pizza in honor of the visiting [Queen Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Margherita "Queen Margherita"). Of the three different pizzas he created, the queen strongly preferred a pizza swathed in the colors of the [Italian flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_flag "Italian flag")—red (tomato), white (mozzarella), and green (basil). Supposedly, this type of pizza was then named after the queen,[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-36) with an official letter of recognition from the queen's "head of service" remaining to this day on display in Esposito's shop, now called the Pizzeria Brandi.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-37) Later research cast doubt on this legend, undermining the authenticity of the letter of recognition, pointing that no media of the period reported about the supposed visit and that both the story and name Margherita were first promoted in the 1930s–1940s.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-39) Pizza was taken to the United States by [Italian immigrants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian-American "Italian-American") in the late 19th century[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-40) and first appeared in areas where they concentrated. The country's first pizzeria, [Lombardi's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardi%27s "Lombardi's"), opened in New York City in 1905.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-inside-41) Italian Americans migrating from East to West brought the dish with them, and from there, the American version was exported to the rest of the world.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Chogath_Kog'sante-42) The Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (lit. 'True Neapolitan Pizza Association') is a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples that aims to promote traditional [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza").[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-AVPN-43) In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a [traditional speciality guaranteed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_speciality_guaranteed "Traditional speciality guaranteed") (TSG) dish,[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-44)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-45) and in 2017 the art of its making was included on [UNESCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO "UNESCO")'s list of [intangible cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage "Intangible cultural heritage").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-The_Guardian-2017-9) Preparation Pizza is sold fresh or [frozen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen_food "Frozen food"), whole or in [portion-size slices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice"). Methods have been developed to overcome challenges such as preventing the sauce from combining with the dough, and producing a crust that can be frozen and reheated without becoming rigid. There are frozen pizzas with raw ingredients and self-rising crusts. In the US, another form of pizza is available from [take and bake pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_and_bake_pizzeria "Take and bake pizzeria"). This pizza is assembled in the store, then sold unbaked to customers to bake in their own [ovens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventional_ovens "Conventional ovens"). Some grocery stores sell fresh dough along with sauce and basic ingredients, to assemble at home before baking in an oven. - Pizza preparation - [![Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Pizza_1_bg.jpg/330px-Pizza_1_bg.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_1_bg.jpg "Pizza dough being kneaded before being left undisturbed and allowed time to proof") Pizza dough being [kneaded](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading "Kneading") before being left undisturbed and allowed time to [proof](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proofing_$baking_technique$ "Proofing (baking technique)") - [![Tossing pizza dough to stretch it](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pizza_being_tossed.jpg/250px-Pizza_being_tossed.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_being_tossed.jpg "Tossing pizza dough to stretch it") Tossing pizza dough to stretch it - [![An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Neapolitan_pizza.jpg/330px-Neapolitan_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neapolitan_pizza.jpg "An unbaked Neapolitan pizza on a metal peel, ready for the oven") An unbaked [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") on a metal [peel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_$tool$ "Peel (tool)"), ready for the oven - [![A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Frozen_pizza.jpg/330px-Frozen_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frozen_pizza.jpg "A wrapped, mass-produced frozen pizza to be baked at home") A wrapped, [mass-produced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-produced "Mass-produced") frozen pizza to be baked at home Baking In restaurants, pizza can be baked in an oven with [fire bricks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_brick "Fire brick") above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a [conveyor belt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conveyor_belt "Conveyor belt") oven, or in traditional style in a wood or coal-fired [brick oven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_oven "Brick oven"). The pizza is slid into the oven on a long paddle, called "[peel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_$tool$ "Peel (tool)")", and baked directly on hot bricks, a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum), or whatever the oven surface is. Before use, a peel is typically sprinkled with cornmeal to allow the pizza to easily slide on and off it.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-46) When made at home, a pizza can be baked on a [pizza stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_stone "Pizza stone") in a regular oven to reproduce some of the heating effect of a brick oven. Cooking directly on a metal surface results in too rapid heat transfer to the crust, burning it.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-47) Some home chefs use a wood-fired pizza oven, usually installed outdoors. As in restaurants, these are often dome-shaped, as pizza ovens have been for centuries,[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-48) in order to achieve even heat distribution. Another variation is grilled pizza, in which the pizza is baked directly on a barbecue grill. Some types, such as [Sicilian pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_pizza "Sicilian pizza"), are baked in a pan rather than directly on the bricks of the pizza oven.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-49) Most restaurants use standard and purpose-built pizza preparation tables to assemble their pizzas. [Mass production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_production "Mass production") of pizza by [chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_chain "Pizza chain") can be completely automated. - Pizza baking - [![Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg/960px-Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_im_Pizzaofen_von_Maurizio.jpg "Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired brick oven") Pizzas baking in a traditional wood-fired [brick oven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick_oven "Brick oven") - [![A pizza being removed with a wooden peel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg/500px-Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_baking_in_Wood-fired_oven.jpg "A pizza being removed with a wooden peel") A pizza being removed with a wooden peel - [![A pizza Margherita](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg/500px-Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_Margherita_stu_spivack.jpg "A pizza Margherita") - [![Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg/330px-Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eataly_Las_Vegas_-_Feb_2019_-_Sarah_Stierch_12.jpg "Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza") Charred crust on a pizza Margherita, an acceptable trait in artisanal pizza - [![Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Grilled_pizza_2.jpg/330px-Grilled_pizza_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grilled_pizza_2.jpg "Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range") Pizza grilling on an outdoor gas range Crust The bottom of the pizza, called the "crust", may vary widely according to style—thin as in a typical hand-tossed [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") or thick as in a deep-dish [Chicago-style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza"). It is traditionally plain, but may also be seasoned with garlic or herbs, or stuffed with cheese. The outer edge of the pizza is sometimes referred to as the cornicione.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-50) Some pizza dough contains sugar, to help its yeast rise and enhance browning of the crust.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-51) Cheese [Mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella") is commonly used on pizza, with the [buffalo mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_mozzarella "Buffalo mozzarella") produced in the surroundings of Naples.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-52) Other cheeses are also used, particularly [burrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrata "Burrata"), [Gorgonzola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonzola "Gorgonzola"), [provolone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provolone "Provolone"), [pecorino romano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecorino_romano "Pecorino romano"), [ricotta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricotta "Ricotta"), and [scamorza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scamorza "Scamorza"). Less expensive [processed cheeses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processed_cheese "Processed cheese") or [cheese analogues](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese_analogue "Cheese analogue") have been developed for [mass-market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-market "Mass-market") pizzas to produce desirable qualities such as browning, melting, stretchiness, consistent fat and moisture content, and stable [shelf life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelf_life "Shelf life"). This quest to create the ideal and economical pizza cheese has involved many studies and experiments analyzing the impact of [vegetable oil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil "Vegetable oil"), manufacturing and culture processes, [denatured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_$biochemistry$ "Denaturation (biochemistry)") whey proteins, and other changes in manufacture. In 1997, it was estimated that annual production of pizza cheese was 1 million metric tons (1,100,000 short tons) in the US and 100,000 metric tons (110,000 short tons) in Europe.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-53) Varieties and styles A great number of pizza varieties exist. These include pizzas defined by their toppings, their crust, their method of preparation, or all three. Pizza variations are often named after the region in which they first became prevalent, particularly in North America (such as [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza")). Local varieties of pizza are often a staple of regional cuisines. The following lists show some notable pizza varieties: \| Image \| Name \| Characteristic ingredients \| Origin \| First attested \| Notes \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Pizza_marinara.jpg/250px-Pizza_marinara.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_marinara.jpg) \| [Pizza marinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_marinara "Pizza marinara") \| Tomato sauce, olive oil, oregano, garlic. No cheese. \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy \| 1734 \| One of the oldest Neapolitan pizza. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) \| [Pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita") \| Tomatoes, mozzarella, basil. \| Naples, Italy \| June 1889 \| The archetypical [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza"). \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Pizza_capricciosa.jpg/250px-Pizza_capricciosa.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_capricciosa.jpg) \| [Pizza capricciosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_capricciosa "Pizza capricciosa") \| Ham, mushrooms, artichokes, olives, tomatoes. \| [Rome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rome "Rome"), Lazio, Italy \| 1937 \| Similar to [pizza quattro stagioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_stagioni "Pizza quattro stagioni"), but with toppings mixed rather than separated. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg/250px-Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_Quattro_Stagioni.jpg) \| [Pizza quattro stagioni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_stagioni "Pizza quattro stagioni") \| Artichokes, mushroom, ham, olives, tomatoes. \| [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania"), Italy \| \| The toppings are separated by quarter, representing the cycle of the seasons. \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg/250px-Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant%2C_Chalk_Farm_Road%2C_London.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_quattro_formaggi_at_restaurant,_Chalk_Farm_Road,_London.jpg) \| [Pizza quattro formaggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_quattro_formaggi "Pizza quattro formaggi") \| Prepared using four types of cheese (Italian: [\[ˈkwattro forˈmaddʒi\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian "Help:IPA/Italian"), 'four cheeses'): mozzarella, Gorgonzola and two others depending on the region. \| [Lazio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazio "Lazio"), Italy \| Its origins are not clearly documented, but it is believed to originate from the Lazio region at the beginning of the 18th century.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-54) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg/250px-Seafood_pizza_%281%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seafood_pizza_$1$.jpg) \| [Seafood pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood_pizza "Seafood pizza") \| Seafood, such as fish, shellfish or squid. \| Italy \| \| Subvarieties include pizza ai frutti di mare (no cheese) and pizza pescatore (with mussels or squid). \| Styles \| Image \| Name \| Characteristics \| Origin \| First attested \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/CalzoneAlForno.jpg/250px-CalzoneAlForno.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CalzoneAlForno.jpg) \| [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") \| Pizza folded in half [turnover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnover_$food$ "Turnover (food)")\-style, baked. \| [Naples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naples "Naples"), Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_$Lyon$_-_2.jpg) \| [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") \| Similar to a calzone, but fried. \| [Apulia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apulia "Apulia"), Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg/250px-Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_%281%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_fritta_in_Rome_$1$.jpg) \| [Deep fried pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fried_pizza "Deep fried pizza") (pizza fritta) \| The pizza is [deep fried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fried "Deep fried") (cooked in oil) instead of baked. \| Naples, Italy \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg/250px-Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_shape_pizzetta.jpg) \| Pizzetta \| Small pizza served as an [hors d'oeuvre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hors_d%27oeuvre "Hors d'oeuvre") or [snack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snack "Snack"). \| Italy \| \| \| Image \| Name \| Characteristics \| Origin \| First attested \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/California_club_pizza.jpg/250px-California_club_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:California_club_pizza.jpg) \| [California-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California-style_pizza "California-style pizza") \| Distinguished by the use of non-traditional ingredients, especially varieties of fresh produce. \| California, U.S. \| 1980 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg/250px-Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chicago-Style_Stuffed_Pizza.jpg) \| [Chicago-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza") \| Baked in a pan with a high edge that holds in a thick layer of toppings. The crust is sometimes stuffed with cheese or other ingredients. \| [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago"), U.S. \| c. 1940s \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colorado_Pizza.jpg/250px-Colorado_Pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colorado_Pizza.jpg) \| [Colorado-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado-style_pizza "Colorado-style pizza") \| Made with a characteristically thick, braided crust topped with heavy amounts of sauce and cheese. It is traditionally served by the pound, with a side of honey as a condiment. \| [Colorado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado "Colorado"), U.S. \| 1973 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png/250px-Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Detroit_Style_Pizza_in_Lloyds_Detroit_Style_Pan.png) \| [Detroit-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit-style_pizza "Detroit-style pizza") \| The cheese is spread to the edges and caramelizes against the high-sided heavyweight rectangular pan, giving the crust a lacy, crispy edge. \| [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit "Detroit"), U.S. \| 1946 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg/250px-Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_%2872126%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sally%27s_apizza_half_tomato_half_with_cheese_$72126$.jpg) \| [New Haven–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza "New Haven–style pizza") \| Distinguished by its thin, often oblong crust and characteristic charring. \| [New Haven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut "New Haven, Connecticut"), U.S. \| 1925 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg/250px-Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slices_of_thin-crust_New_York_style_pizza.jpg) \| [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza") \| Neapolitan-derived pizza with a characteristic thin foldable crust. \| [New York metropolitan area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area "New York metropolitan area") (and beyond) \| Early 1900s \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG/250px-Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imos_Hampton_Deluxe-OliveCanadianbacon.JPG) \| [St. Louis–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza "St. Louis–style pizza") \| The style has a thin cracker-like crust made without yeast, generally uses Provel cheese, and is cut into squares or rectangles instead of wedges. \| [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis "St. Louis"), U.S. \| 1945 \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg/250px-Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windsor-style_pizza_with_shredded_pepperoni_and_canned_mushroom.jpg) \| [Windsor–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%E2%80%93style_pizza "Windsor–style pizza") \| Distinguished by the use of shredded pepperoni and canned mushrooms. \| [Windsor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario "Windsor, Ontario"), Canada \| 1950s \| By region of origin Italy [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg/250px-Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traditional_pizza_from_Napoli.jpg) The ingredients of traditional [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita")—tomatoes (red), [mozzarella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella") (white), and [basil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil "Basil") (green)—are held by popular legend to be inspired by the colors of the national [flag of Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Italy "Flag of Italy").[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-55) Authentic [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza") (Italian: pizza napoletana) is made with [San Marzano tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marzano_tomato "San Marzano tomato"), grown on the volcanic plains south of [Mount Vesuvius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius "Mount Vesuvius"), and either [mozzarella di bufala campana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella_di_bufala_campana "Mozzarella di bufala campana"), made with milk from water buffalo raised in the marshlands of [Campania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campania "Campania") and [Lazio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazio "Lazio"),[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) or [fior di latte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozzarella "Mozzarella").[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-57) Buffalo mozzarella is protected with its own European [protected designation of origin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_designation_of_origin "Protected designation of origin") (PDO).[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Selezione_geografica-56) Other traditional pizzas include [pizza marinara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_marinara "Pizza marinara"), supposedly the most ancient tomato-topped pizza,[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-58) and [pizza capricciosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_capricciosa "Pizza capricciosa"), which is prepared with mozzarella cheese, baked ham, mushroom, artichoke, and tomato.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-59) A popular variant of pizza in Italy is [Sicilian pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_pizza "Sicilian pizza"),[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-WiseGeek-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-61) a thick-crust or deep-dish pizza originating during the 17th century in [Sicily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily "Sicily"): it is essentially a [focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") that is typically topped with tomato sauce and other ingredients. Until the 1860s, Sicilian pizza was the type of pizza usually consumed in Sicily, especially in the Western portion of the island.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Gangi2007-62) Other variations of pizzas are also found in other regions of Italy, for example pizza al padellino or pizza al tegamino, a small-sized, thick-crust, deep-dish pizza typically served in [Turin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turin "Turin"), Piedmont.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-63)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-64)[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-65) United States [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg/250px-Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizza_tasting_in_the_Roosevelt_Room.jpg) Pizza banquet in the [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") serving [Chicago-style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago-style_pizza "Chicago-style pizza") (2009) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewYorkSlices.jpg/250px-NewYorkSlices.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NewYorkSlices.jpg) Caramelized crust of [slices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice") of [New York–style pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza") The first pizzeria in the US was opened in New York City's [Little Italy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan "Little Italy, Manhattan") in 1905.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-LonelyPlanet-66) Common toppings for pizza in the United States include [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"), ground beef, chicken, eggplant, ham, mushrooms, olives, onions, peppers, [pepperoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepperoni "Pepperoni"), pineapple, salami, sausage, spinach, steak, and tomatoes. A pizza with no toppings is called a "cheese pizza" or a "plain pizza".[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Sintumuang-67) Distinct regional types developed in the 20th century, including [Buffalo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York "Buffalo, New York"),[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-68) [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California-style_pizza "California-style pizza"), [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_dish_pizza "Deep dish pizza"), [Detroit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detroit-style_pizza "Detroit-style pizza"), [Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_pizza "Greek pizza"), [New Haven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven%E2%80%93style_pizza "New Haven–style pizza"), [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza"), and [St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Louis%E2%80%93style_pizza "St. Louis–style pizza") styles. These regional variations include deep-dish, stuffed, pockets, turnovers, [rolled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_rolls "Pizza rolls"), and pizza-on-a-stick, each with seemingly limitless combinations of sauce and toppings. Thirteen percent of the United States population consumes pizza on any given day.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-69) [Pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains_of_the_United_States "List of pizza chains of the United States") such as [Domino's Pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza "Domino's Pizza"), [Pizza Hut](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Hut "Pizza Hut"), and [Papa John's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_John%27s "Papa John's"), pizzas from [take and bake pizzerias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_and_bake_pizzeria "Take and bake pizzeria"), and chilled or frozen pizzas from supermarkets make pizza readily available nationwide. [Pizza by the slice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_by_the_slice "Pizza by the slice") is available from a great variety of restaurants, and is particularly associated with [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93style_pizza "New York–style pizza"), where pizzerias are a cultural icon as well as major food purveyors. Argentina [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png/250px-Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pizzas_Buenos_Aires.png) Traditional [Argentine-style pizzas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_pizza "Argentine pizza") de molde being prepared at a pizzeria in [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires") [Argentine pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_pizza "Argentine pizza") is a mainstay of the [country's cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_cuisine "Argentine cuisine"),[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-rough-70) especially of its capital [Buenos Aires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires "Buenos Aires"), where it is regarded as a [cultural heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_heritage "Cultural heritage") and [icon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_icon "Cultural icon") of the city.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Pizza11-71)[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-picsa-73) Argentina is the country with the most pizzerias per inhabitant in the world and, although they are consumed throughout the country, the highest concentration of pizzerias and customers is Buenos Aires, the city with the highest consumption of pizzas in the world (estimated in 2015 to be 14 million per year).[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) As such, the city has been considered as one of the world capitals of pizza.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74) The dish was introduced to Buenos Aires in the late 19th century with the massive [Italian immigration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Argentines "Italian Argentines"), as part of a broader [great European immigration wave to the country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_European_immigration_wave_to_Argentina "Great European immigration wave to Argentina").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) Thus, around the same time that the iconic [pizza Margherita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_Margherita "Pizza Margherita")[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-75) was being invented in Italy, pizza were already being cooked in the Argentine capital.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The impoverished Italian immigrants that arrived to the city transformed the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal, motivated by the abundance of food in Argentina.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) In the 1930s, pizza was cemented as a cultural icon in Buenos Aires, with the new pizzerias becoming a central space for sociability for the working class people who flocked to the city.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77)[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-napoles-76) The most characteristic style of Argentine pizza—which almost all the classic pizzerias in Buenos Aires specialize in—is the so-called pizza de molde (Spanish for 'pizza in the pan'), characterized by having a "thick, spongy base and elevated bready crust".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) This style, which today\[[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] is identified as the typical style of Argentine pizza—characterized by a thick crust and a large amount of cheese—arose when impoverished Italian immigrants found a greater abundance of food in then-prosperous Argentina, which motivated them to transform the originally modest dish into a much more hefty meal suitable for a [main course](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_course "Main course").[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-tapas-74)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-lanacion-77) The name pizza de molde emerged because there were no pizza ovens in the city, so bakers resorted to baking them in pans.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Since they used bakery plates, Argentine pizzas were initially square or rectangular, a format associated with the 1920s that is still maintained in some classic pizzerias, especially for vegetable pizzas, fugazzetas or fugazzas.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-piedra-78) Other styles of Argentine pizza include the iconic [fugazza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugazza "Fugazza") and its derivative fugazzeta or fugazza con queso (a terminology that varies depending on the pizzeria),[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) or the pizza de cancha or canchera (a cheese-less variant).[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-79) Most pizza menus include standard flavor combinations, including the traditional plain mozzarella, nicknamed "muza" or "musa"; the napolitana or "napo", with "cheese, sliced tomatoes, garlic, dried oregano and a few green olives", not to be confused with [Neapolitan pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neapolitan_pizza "Neapolitan pizza");[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) calabresa, with slices of [longaniza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longaniza "Longaniza");[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) jamon y morrones, with sliced [ham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham "Ham") and roasted [bell peppers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_peppers "Bell peppers");[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) as well as versions with [provolone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provolone "Provolone"), with [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"),[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-junin-80) with [hearts of palm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearts_of_palm "Hearts of palm"), or with chopped [hard boiled egg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_boiled_egg "Hard boiled egg").[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-saveur-72) A typical custom that is unique to Buenos Aires is to accompany pizza with [fainá](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fain%C3%A1 "Fainá"), a pancake made from [chickpea flour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickpea_flour "Chickpea flour").[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-81) Dessert pizza The terms dessert pizza and sweet pizza are used for a variety of dishes resembling a pizza, including [chocolate pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_pizza "Chocolate pizza") and [fruit pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_pizza "Fruit pizza").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-82)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-83) Some are based on a traditional yeast dough pizza base,[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-84) while others have a [cookie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie "Cookie")\-like base[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-85) and resemble a traditional pizza solely in having a flat round shape with a distinct base and topping. Some pizza restaurants offer dessert pizzas.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-86)[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-87) Nutrition Many [mass-produced](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-produced "Mass-produced") pizzas by American [pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_chain "Pizza chain") have been criticized as having an unhealthy balance of ingredients. Pizza can be high in salt and fat, and is high in [calories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_energy "Food energy"). The [USDA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA "USDA") reports an average sodium content of 5,100 mg per 14 in (36 cm) pizza in fast food chains.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-89)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-90) Similar dishes [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg/250px-Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Focaccia_con_rosmarino.jpg) [Focaccia al rosmarino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia#Focaccia_al_rosmarino "Focaccia") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg/250px-Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_%28Lyon%29_-_2.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Panzerotti_chez_PanzerotTiamo_$Lyon$_-_2.jpg) [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") - [Calzone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calzone "Calzone") and [stromboli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stromboli_$food$ "Stromboli (food)") are similar dishes that are often made of pizza dough folded (calzone) or rolled (stromboli) around a filling. - [Coca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca_$pastry$ "Coca (pastry)") is a similar dish consumed mainly in Catalonia and neighboring regions, but that has extended to other areas in Spain, and to Algeria. There are sweet and savory versions. - [Farinata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farinata "Farinata") or cecina is a Ligurian (farinata) and Tuscan (cecina) regional dish.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-91) It is often baked in a brick oven, and typically weighed and sold by the slice. - [Flammekueche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flammekueche "Flammekueche") is a food speciality of the Alsace region. - [Focaccia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focaccia "Focaccia") is a flat [leavened](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavening_agent "Leavening agent") oven-baked Italian bread, similar in style and texture to pizza; in some places, it is called pizza bianca ( lit. 'white pizza').[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-Riolo_2012-92) - [Garlic fingers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garlic_fingers "Garlic fingers") is an Atlantic Canadian dish, similar to a pizza in shape and size, and made with similar dough. It is garnished with melted butter, garlic, cheese, and sometimes bacon. - [İçli pide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C3%A7li_pide "İçli pide"), or simply pide, is a Turkish dish, similar to a pizza in being made of wheat-based dough topped with tomato, cheese, and other ingredients, and usually formed in a boat-like shape. It is sometimes sold as "Turkish pizza". - [Khachapuri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachapuri "Khachapuri") is a Georgian cheese-filled bread. - [Lahmacun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahmacun "Lahmacun") is a Middle Eastern flatbread topped with minced meat; the base is very thin, and the layer of meat often includes chopped vegetables.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-93) - [Manakish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manakish "Manakish") is a Levantine flatbread dish. - [Matzah pizza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matzah_pizza "Matzah pizza") is a Jewish pizza dish. - [Okonomiyaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okonomiyaki "Okonomiyaki"), often referred to as "Japanese pizza", is a Japanese dish cooked on a hotplate.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-94) - [Panzerotti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzerotti "Panzerotti") are similar to calzones, but fried rather than baked. - [Pastrmajlija](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastrmajlija "Pastrmajlija") (nicknamed Macedonian pizza)[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-95) is a bread pie made from dough and meat. It is usually oval-shaped with chopped meat on top of it. - [Piadina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piadina "Piadina") is a thin Italian flatbread, typically prepared in the Romagna historical region. - [Pinsa (bread)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinsa_$bread$ "Pinsa (bread)") is a flatbread with sauce applied after baking. - [Pissaladière](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pissaladi%C3%A8re "Pissaladière") is similar to an Italian pizza, with a slightly thicker crust and a topping of cooked onions, [anchovies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovies_as_food "Anchovies as food"), and olives. - [Pizza bagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_bagel "Pizza bagel") is a bagel with toppings similar to that of traditional pizzas. - [Pizza cake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cake "Pizza cake") is a multiple-layer pizza. - [Pizza rolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_rolls "Pizza rolls") are a frozen snack product. - [Pizza strips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_strips "Pizza strips") is a tomato pie of Italian-American origin. - [Sfiha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfiha "Sfiha") is a Levantine flatbread with toppings. - [Wähe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4he "Wähe") is a Swiss type of tart. - Zanzibar pizza is a street food served in [Stone Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Town "Stone Town"), Zanzibar, Tanzania. It uses a dough much thinner than pizza dough, almost like [filo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filo "Filo") dough, filled with minced beef, onions, and an egg, similar to Moroccan [basṭīla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastilla "Pastilla").[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-96) - [Zwiebelkuchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwiebelkuchen "Zwiebelkuchen") is a German onion tart, often baked with diced bacon and caraway seeds. See also [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Pizzas](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pizzas "commons:Category:Pizzas") at Wikimedia Commons - [List of baked goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_baked_goods "List of baked goods") - [List of pizza chains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_chains "List of pizza chains") - [List of pizza varieties by country](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pizza_varieties_by_country "List of pizza varieties by country") - [Pizza cheese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_cheese "Pizza cheese") – cheese for use specifically on pizza - [Pizza delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_delivery "Pizza delivery") – service in which a pizzeria delivers pizza to a customer - [Pizza farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_farm "Pizza farm") – farm split into sections like a pizza split into slices - [Pizza party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_party "Pizza party") – social gathering at which pizza is eaten - [Pizza saver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_saver "Pizza saver") – object used to prevent the top of a food container from collapsing - [Pizza theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_theorem "Pizza theorem") – equality of areas of alternating sectors of a disk with equal angles through any interior point - [Pizza in the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza_in_the_United_States "Pizza in the United States") Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-2) English: [PEET\-sə](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key"),[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_note-1) Italian: [\[ˈpittsa\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian "Help:IPA/Italian"), Neapolitan: [\[ˈpittsə\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan "Help:IPA/Neapolitan"). References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-1) ["144843"](https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/144843). [Oxford English Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary "Oxford English Dictionary") (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or [participating institution membership](https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary) required.) 2. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-MartinMaiden_3-1) Maiden, Martin. ["Linguistic Wonders Series: Pizza is a German(ic) Word"](https://web.archive.org/web/20030115224054/http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html). yourDictionary.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/pizza.html) on January 15, 2003. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Schwartz_4-0)* Schwartz, Arthur (1998). Naples at Table: Cooking in Campania. Harper Collins. p. 68. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780060182618](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060182618 "Special:BookSources/9780060182618") . 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Dickie_5-0) Dickie, John (2008). Delizia!: The Epic History of the Italians and Their Food. p. 186. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Orsini_6-0) Orsini, Father Giuseppe; Orsini, Joseph E. (2007). Italian Baking Secrets. p. 99. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-7) ["Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130207192931/http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). ITALY Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2022. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-8) ["How to Make Neapolitan Pizza"](https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/italian-food/how-to-cook/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. June 16, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240620005634/https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/italian-food/how-to-cook/how-to-make-neapolitan-pizza) from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024. 8. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-The_Guardian-2017_9-1) ["Naples' pizza twirling wins Unesco 'intangible' status"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status). The Guardian. London. Agence France-Presse. December 7, 2017. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0261-3077](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084312/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/07/naples-pizza-twirling-wins-unesco-intangible-status) from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Miller_10-0)* Miller, Hanna (April–May 2006). ["American Pie"](http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie). [American Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Heritage_$magazine$ "American Heritage (magazine)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120203155552/http://www.americanheritage.com/content/american-pie) from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2012. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-11) Naylor, Tony (September 6, 2019). ["How to eat: Neapolitan-style pizza"](https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza). [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian"). London. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190914233416/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2019/sep/06/how-to-eat-neapolitan-style-pizza) from the original on September 14, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-12) Godoy, Maria (January 13, 2014). ["Italians To New Yorkers: 'Forkgate' Scandal? Fuhggedaboutit"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit). The Salt (blog). [National Public Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Radio "National Public Radio"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190920211635/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/01/13/262087618/italians-to-new-yorkers-forkgate-scandal-fuggedaboutit) from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 20, 2019. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-13) Hynum, Rick (December 2016). ["Pizza Power 2017 – A State of the Industry Report"](http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/). PMQ Pizza Magazine. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170729002308/http://www.pmq.com/December-2016/Pizza-Power-2017-A-State-of-the-Industry-Report/) from the original on July 29, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-14) Rhodes, Donna; et al. (February 2014). ["Consumption of Pizza"](https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF). Food Surveys Research Group Dietary Data Brief No. 11. USDA. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170930194112/https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/DBrief/11_consumption_of_pizza_0710.pdf) (PDF) from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-pizza-origin-telegraph_15-0) Miller, Keith (February 12, 2015). ["Was pizza not invented in Naples after all?"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/11408256/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html). [The Daily Telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph "The Daily Telegraph"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241102223327/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/foodanddrinknews/11408256/Was-pizza-not-invented-in-Naples-after-all.html) from the original on November 2, 2024. Retrieved January 11, 2025. "Giuseppe Nocca of the Istituto Alberghiero di Formia claims that the "codex diplomaticus cajtanus" of 997 CE contains the first ever written use of the word, in a list of food to be supplied annually as a tithe to the archbishops of Gaeta by the tenants of a mill on the nearby river Garigliano." 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-codex1887_16-0) [Codex Diplomaticus Cajetanus](https://books.google.com/books?id=R7pEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA181). Vol. 1. Typis Archicoenobii Montis Casini. 1887. "Tantummoduo persolvere debeatis omni anno salutes in dies natali domini sive vos sive vestris heredes in suprascripto episcopio tam nobis quam a nostris posteris successores duodecim pizze et una spatula de porco; et unum lumbulum; simul et in die sanctum pascha resurrectionis domini annualiter duodecim pizze et unum parium de pulli." 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-la-repubblica_17-1) ["Sorpresa: la parola "pizza" è nata a Gaeta"](https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/) \[Surprise: the word "pizza" was born in Gaeta\]. La Repubblica* (in Italian). February 9, 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116203026/https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/02/09/news/sorpresa_la_parola_pizza_nata_a_gaeta-106914635/) from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-18) Babiniotis, Georgios (2005). Λεξικό της Νέας Ελληνικής Γλώσσας \[[Dictionary of Modern Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_Modern_Greek "Dictionary of Modern Greek")\] (in Greek). Lexicology Centre. p. 1413. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-960-86190-1-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-960-86190-1-2 "Special:BookSources/978-960-86190-1-2") . 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-19) ["Pizza"](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza). Online Etymology Dictionary. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174005/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pizza) from the original on October 24, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-20) ["Pissa, Liddell and Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus"](https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267). Perseus.tufts.edu. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104553/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2383267&redirect=true) from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-21) ["Pizza"](http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=pizza&r=66). Dictionary.com. Retrieved June 5, 2009. 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-22) ["pizza"](http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=pizza) ([Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220221104555/https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=pizza) February 21, 2022, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")), Online Etymology Dictionary. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-23) ["Pizza"](http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza). Garzanti Linguistica. De Agostini Scuola Spa. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194513/http://www.garzantilinguistica.it/ricerca/?q=pizza) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2014. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-24) Doane, Seth (November 20, 2022). ["Bringing authentic Neapolitan pizza home"](https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bringing-authentic-neapolitan-pizza-home/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-25) Uyehara, Mari (October 6, 2023). ["The Many Lives of Tomato Pie"](https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/06/dining/tomato-pie-pizza.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved October 15, 2023. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-26) Barrett, Liz (2014). [Pizza, A Slice of American History](https://books.google.com/books?id=vPCuBAAAQBAJ). Voyageur Press. p. 13. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7603-4560-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4560-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4560-3") . 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-27) Edwards, W. P. (2007). [The Science of Bakery Products](https://books.google.com/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 199. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-85404-486-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-486-3 "Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-486-3") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260110044022/https://books.google.com/books?id=oCVPjK0mSfkC&pg=PA199) from the original on January 10, 2026. Retrieved February 18, 2025. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-28) Talati-Padiyar, Dhwani (March 8, 2014). Travelled, Tasted, Tried & Tailored: Food Chronicles. Lulu publishers. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1304961358](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1304961358 "Special:BookSources/978-1304961358") . 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-29) Buonassisi, Rosario (2000). Pizza: From its Italian Origins to the Modern Table. Firefly. p. 78. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-30) ["Aeneas and Trojans fulfill Anchises' prophecy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170329051513/http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy). Archived from [the original](http://dcc.dickinson.edu/eimmart-aeneas-and-trojans-fulfill-anchises-prophecy) on March 29, 2017. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-31) ["Pompeii archaeologists discover 'pizza' painting"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66031341). BBC News. [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC"). June 17, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230627173311/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66031341) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2023. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-32) ["Pizza's possible 'distant ancestor' found painted in the ruins of Pompeii"](https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii/102533868). ABC News. June 27, 2023. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230627233613/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-28/pizza-distant-ancestor-painting-roman-house-pompeii/102533868) from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 28, 2023. 32. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Helstosky21_33-1) Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: Reaktion. pp. 21–22\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-86189-391-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8") . 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-34)* [de Sanctis, Francesco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_de_Sanctis "Francesco de Sanctis"). La giovinezza di Francesco de Sanctis: frammento autobiografico. p. 39. "In the evening we often used to go eating pizza in some rooms at the Piazza della Carità." 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-35) ["Margherita Pizza"](https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/recipe/pizza/margherita-pizza). La Cucina Italiana. November 9, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2024. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-36) ["Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130207192931/http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe). Italy Magazine. March 14, 2011. Archived from [the original](http://www.italymag.co.uk/italy-featured/recipes/pizza-margherita-history-and-recipe) on February 7, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2012. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-37) Hales, Dianne (May 12, 2009). [La Bella Lingua](https://books.google.com/books?id=_f9cU9A5l-0C) (in Swedish). Crown. p. 204. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0767932110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0767932110 "Special:BookSources/978-0767932110") . Retrieved August 29, 2024. 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-38) ["Was margherita pizza really named after Italy's queen?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/20515123). BBC Food. BBC. December 28, 2012. Archived from [the original](https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/20515123) on December 31, 2012. Retrieved December 31, 2012. 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-39) Nowak, Zachary (March 2014). ["Folklore, Fakelore, History: Invented Tradition and the Origins of the Pizza Margherita"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263340437). Food, Culture & Society. 17 (1): 103–124\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.2752/175174414X13828682779249](https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175174414X13828682779249). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [1552-8014](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1552-8014). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_$identifier$ "S2CID (identifier)") [142371201](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142371201). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240318133729/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263340437_Folklore_Fakelore_History_Invented_Tradition_and_the_Origins_of_the_Pizza_Margherita) from the original on March 18, 2024. Retrieved September 23, 2023. 39. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-40) Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. Reaktion Books. p. 48. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-86189-630-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-630-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-630-8") . 40. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-inside_41-0) Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City. New York: Free Press. pp. 194–95\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1416589976](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1416589976 "Special:BookSources/978-1416589976") . 41. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Chogath_Kog'sante_42-0) Turim, Gayle. ["A Slice of History: Pizza Through the Ages"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141218222816/http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages). [History.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History.com "History.com"). Archived from [the original](http://www.history.com/news/hungry-history/a-slice-of-history-pizza-through-the-ages) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2026. 42. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-AVPN_43-0) ["Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana (AVPN)"](http://www.pizzanapoletana.org/eng_chisiamo.php). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170709015157/http://www.pizzanapoletana.org/eng_chisiamo.php) from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 11, 2017. 43. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-44) Official Journal of the European Union, [Commission regulation (EU) No 97/2010](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130603155915/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:034:0007:0016:EN:PDF) June 3, 2013, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), February 5, 2010. 44. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-45) International Trademark Association, [European Union: Pizza napoletana obtains "Traditional Speciality Guaranteed" status](http://www.inta.org/INTABulletin/Pages/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084957/http://www.inta.org/INTABulletin/Pages/EUROPEANUNIONPIZZANAPOLETANAObtainsTraditionalSpecialityGuaranteedStatus.aspx) August 19, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), April 1, 2010. 45. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-46) Owens, Martin J. (2003). [Make Great Pizza at Home](https://books.google.com/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3). Taste of America Press. p. 3. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-9744470-0-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9744470-0-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-9744470-0-1") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160527174523/https://books.google.com/books?id=bmI2YJ1vMxMC&pg=PA3) from the original on May 27, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2015. 46. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-47) Chen, Angus (July 23, 2018). ["Pizza Physics: Why Brick Ovens Bake The Perfect Italian-Style Pie"](https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/23/630544154/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie). [NPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR "NPR"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180724111753/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/07/23/630544154/pizza-physics-why-brick-ovens-bake-the-perfect-italian-style-pie) from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. 47. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-48) ["pizza oven kits"](https://www.californo.co/collections/pizza-oven-kits/). Californo. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-54) ["La pizza 4 fromages : origines et recettes"](https://web.archive.org/web/20221121153146/https://le80.fr/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes/). Restaurant le Quatre Vingt. May 31, 2017. Archived from [the original](https://le80.fr/la-pizza-4-fromages-origines-et-recettes/) on November 21, 2022. Retrieved December 10, 2023. 54. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-55) Arturo Iengo (2008). [Cucina Napoletana: 100 Recipes from Italy's Most Vibrant City](https://web.archive.org/web/20180616053516/https://books.google.it/books?id=aat2zzXHDrMC&pg=PA126&dq=pizzeria+Brandi&hl=it&sa=X&ei=N6-EU6bFMKGs0QX3poCIAQ&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ). New Holland Publishers. p. 126. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-84537-989-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-989-6 "Special:BookSources/978-1-84537-989-6") . 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-85) ["Chocolate Cookie Pizza"](https://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/chocolate-cookie-pizza/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2). Betty Crocker. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506074409/https://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/chocolate-cookie-pizza/e759938d-a712-4da5-8aea-986062f9c2e2) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 85. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-86) ["Menu: Desserts"](https://mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com/restaurant-menu/main-menu). Pizza Express. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506121741/https://mobile-pay.pizzaexpress.com/restaurant-menu/main-menu) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 86. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-87) ["Menu"](https://www.pepeingrani.it/menu-en). Pepe in Grani. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240506100600/https://www.pepeingrani.it/menu-en) from the original on May 6, 2024. Retrieved May 6, 2024. 87. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-88) ["Basic Report 21299: Fast Food, Pizza Chain, 14" pizza, cheese topping, regular crust"](https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/food-details/173292/nutrients). National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. September 28, 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190403171801/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173292/nutrients) from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2014. 88. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-89) ["Survey of pizzas"](https://web.archive.org/web/20051228212200/http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5804). Food Standards Agency. July 8, 2004. Archived from [the original](http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsis2004branch/fsis5804) on December 28, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 89. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-90) ["Health: Fast food salt levels "shocking""](https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7050585.stm). BBC News. October 18, 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20090115140402/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7050585.stm) from the original on January 15, 2009. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 90. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-91) ["Brick Oven Cecina"](https://www.fornobravo.com/wood-fired-cooking/cecina/). Fornobravo.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20061016090551/http://www.fornobravo.com/brick_oven_cooking/brick_oven_recipes/flatbread/cecina.html) from the original on October 16, 2006. Retrieved April 2, 2009. 91. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-Riolo_2012_92-0) Riolo, A. (2012). [The Mediterranean Diabetes Cookbook](https://books.google.com/books?id=RZbDBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA260). American Diabetes Association. p. 260. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-58040-483-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58040-483-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-58040-483-9") . 92. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-93) McKernan, Bethan (October 27, 2016). ["A 'pizza war' has broken out between Turkey and Armenia"](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html). The Independent. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161217165743/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/pizza-war-breaks-out-between-turkey-and-armenia-a7383471.html) from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016. 93. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-94) ["hanamiweb.com"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070318144611/http://www.hanamiweb.com/okonomiyaki.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.hanamiweb.com/okonomiyaki.html) on March 18, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2015. 94. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-95) Jeanne Jacob; Michael Ashkenazi (2014). The World Cookbook: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe, 2nd Edition \[4 Volumes\]: The Greatest Recipes from Around the Globe. ABC-CLIO. p. 806. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781610694698](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610694698 "Special:BookSources/9781610694698") . 95. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza#cite_ref-96) Samuelsson, Marcus (2006). The soul of a new cuisine : a discovery of the foods and flavors of Africa. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7645-6911-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-6911-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7645-6911-1") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [61748426](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61748426). Further reading - Chudgar, Sonya (March 22, 2012). ["An Expert Guide to World-Class Pizza"](http://www.qsrmagazine.com/news/expert-guide-world-class-pizza). QSR Magazine. Retrieved October 16, 2012. - Delpha, J.; Oringer, K. (2015). [Grilled Pizza the Right Way](https://books.google.com/books?id=i8t-BAAAQBAJ). Macmillan. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-62414-106-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62414-106-5 "Special:BookSources/978-1-62414-106-5") . - Helstosky, Carol (2008). Pizza: A Global History. London: [Reaktion Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktion_Books "Reaktion Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-86189-391-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8 "Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-391-8") . [OCLC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_$identifier$ "OCLC (identifier)") [225876066](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/225876066). - Kliman, Todd (September 5, 2012). ["Easy as pie: A Guide to Regional Pizza"](http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/food-dining/easy-as-pie-a-guide-to-regional-pizza-styles/). [The Washingtonian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washingtonian_$magazine$ "The Washingtonian (magazine)"). Explanation of eight pizza styles: Maryland, Roman, "Gourmet" Wood-fired, Generic boxed, New York, Neapolitan, Chicago, and New Haven. - Raichlen, Steven (2008). [The Barbecue! Bible](https://books.google.com/books?id=FWKxatrLCjYC&q=%22grilled+pizza%22&pg=PA382). Workman Publishing. pp. 381–384\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0761149446](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761149446 "Special:BookSources/978-0761149446") . - ["The Saveur Ultimate Guide to Pizza"](http://www.saveur.com/article/hubs/Pizza-Guide). [Saveur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saveur "Saveur"). Retrieved November 2, 2014. External links
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