🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa088)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize","crawl_time":1775077173,"first_indexed_time":1375978942,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Nobel Peace Prize - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nNobel Peace Prize\nJimmy Carter\n's 2002 Nobel Peace Prize\nAwarded for\nOutstanding contributions to\npeace\n: arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace\n[\n1\n]\nLocation\nOslo\n, Norway\nPresented by\nNorwegian Nobel Committee\non behalf of the estate of\nAlfred Nobel\nRewards\n11 million\nSEK\n(2023)\n[\n2\n]\n10 million SEK (2022)\n[\n3\n]\nFirst award\n10 December 1901\n; 124 years ago\n[\n4\n]\nMost recent recipient\nMaría Corina Machado\n(2025)\nMost awards\nInternational Committee of the Red Cross\n(3)\nWebsite\nnobelprize.org\/peace\n← \n2024\n \n·\n2025\n·\n \n2026\n →\nThe\nNobel Peace Prize\n[\na\n]\nis one of the five\nNobel Prizes\nestablished by the\nwill\nof\nSwedish\nindustrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer\nAlfred Nobel\n, along with the prizes in\nChemistry\n,\nPhysics\n,\nPhysiology or Medicine\n, and\nLiterature\n.\nSince March 1901,\n[\n5\n]\nit has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have \"done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of\npeace congresses\n\".\n[\n6\n]\nThe Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History\ndescribes it as \"the most prestigious prize in the world\".\n[\n7\n]\nIn accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the\nNorwegian Nobel Committee\n, a five-member committee appointed by the\nParliament of Norway\nunlike all the other awards chosen by the\nSwedish Nobel Committee\n. The prize award ceremony has been held in\nOslo City Hall\nsince 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989),\nNorwegian Nobel Institute\n(1905–1946), and the\nParliament\n(1901–1904).\nDue to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been\nsubject to numerous controversies\n. The\nmost recent prize\nwas awarded to\nMaría Corina Machado\n\"for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of\nVenezuela\nand for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy\".\n[\n8\n]\nBackground\nAlfred Nobel\n, whose will established the Peace Prize\nAccording to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year \"shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses\".\n[\n9\n]\nAlfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.\n[\n10\n]\n[\n11\n]\nNobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing\npeace\nas a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for\nchemistry\nand\nphysics\nwere obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with\nBertha von Suttner\n, a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.\n[\n12\n]\nSome Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included\ndynamite\nand\nballistite\n, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war\n[\n13\n]\nand the\nIrish Republican Brotherhood\n, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.\n[\n14\n]\nNobel was also instrumental in turning\nBofors\nfrom an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.\nThere is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published\nobituaries\nof Alfred by mistake.\n[\n15\n]\nOne French newspaper\n[\nwhich?\n]\ncondemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.\n[\n16\n]\nThe obituary supposedly stated,\nLe marchand de la mort est mort\n(\"The merchant of death is dead\"),\n[\n16\n]\nand went on to say, \"Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.\"\n[\n17\n]\n[\n18\n]\n[\n16\n]\nHowever, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.\n[\n18\n]\nAlthough the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth.\n[\n19\n]\nIt is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was\nruled\nin\nunion with Sweden\nat the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as\nSweden\n. It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the\nNorwegian parliament\nhad become closely involved in the\nInter-Parliamentary Union\n's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.\n[\n12\n]\nNomination and selection\nThe\nNorwegian Nobel Institute\nin\nOslo, Norway\nThe\n14th Dalai Lama\nand\nArchbishop Desmond Tutu\n, Nobel Peace Prize laureates\nYasser Arafat\n,\nShimon Peres\nand\nYitzhak Rabin\ndisplaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize\nThe\nNorwegian Parliament\nappoints the\nNorwegian Nobel Committee\n, which selects the\nNobel Peace Prize laureate\n.\nNomination\nEach year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.\n[\n20\n]\nThe statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.\n[\n21\n]\nThese nominators are:\nMembers of national assemblies and governments and members of the\nInter-Parliamentary Union\nMembers of the\nPermanent Court of Arbitration\nand the\nInternational Court of Justice\nat the Hague\nMembers of\nInstitut de Droit International\nAcademics at the professor or associate professor level in history,\nsocial sciences\n, philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors\/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes\nPrevious recipients\n, including board members of organizations that have received the prize\nPresent and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\nFormer permanent advisers to the\nNorwegian Nobel Institute\nThe working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.\n[\n21\n]\nIn 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,\n[\n22\n]\nbut the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.\n[\n23\n]\nThe statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.\n[\n24\n]\nOver time, many individuals have become known as \"Nobel Peace Prize Nominees\", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.\n[\n25\n]\nIndeed, in 1939,\nAdolf Hitler\nreceived a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of\nNeville Chamberlain\n.\n[\n26\n]\nNominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database.\n[\n27\n]\nSelection\nNominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.\n[\n28\n]\nAwarding the prize\nObverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal\nThe Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the\nKing of Norway\nand the\nNorwegian royal family\non 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in\nStockholm\n. The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.\n[\n29\n]\nThe money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were\non the order of\nroughly 10 million\nSEK\n, which translated to roughly 1 million USD.\n[\n3\n]\nSince 1990, the ceremony has taken place at\nOslo City Hall\n. From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the\nUniversity of Oslo Faculty of Law\n, a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the\nNorwegian Nobel Institute\n. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the\nStorting\n(Parliament).\n[\n30\n]\nMedal\nThe medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor\nGustav Vigeland\nin 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from\nErik Lindberg\n's profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The\ndies\nfor Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver.\n[\n31\n]\nThe reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription \"\nPro pace et fraternitate gentium\n\" (\"For the peace and brotherhood of men\").\n[\n31\n]\nThe edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and \"Prix Nobel de la Paix\".\n[\n31\n]\nLaureates\nView of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001,\nUnited Nations\nAs of October 2023\n, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the\nInternational Committee of the Red Cross\nhas won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the\nOffice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\nhas won twice (1954 and 1981).\n[\n32\n]\nLê Đức Thọ\nis the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize.\n[\n33\n]\nCriticism\nSome commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,\n[\n34\n]\nor with the intention of encouraging future achievements.\n[\n34\n]\n[\n35\n]\nSome commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.\n[\n36\n]\nFurther criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics.\n[\n37\n]\nIn 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper\nAftenposten\ncontended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.\n[\n38\n]\nIn another 2011\nAftenposten\nopinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.\n[\n39\n]\nAuthor\nChristopher Hitchens\ncalled the Nobel Peace Prize \"a huge bore and a fraud\" in his memoir\nHitch-22\n.\n[\n40\n]\nCriticism of individual conferments\nBarack Obama\nwith\nThorbjørn Jagland\nat the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony\nNobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace.\n[\n41\n]\nThe awards given to\nMikhail Gorbachev\n,\n[\n42\n]\nYitzhak Rabin\n,\nShimon Peres\nand\nYasser Arafat\n,\n[\n43\n]\n[\n44\n]\nLê Đức Thọ\n,\nHenry Kissinger\n,\n[\n45\n]\nJimmy Carter\n,\n[\n46\n]\nBarack Obama\n,\n[\n47\n]\n[\n48\n]\n[\n49\n]\n[\n50\n]\nAbiy Ahmed\n,\n[\n51\n]\n[\n52\n]\n[\n53\n]\nthe\nEuropean Union\n,\n[\n54\n]\nand\nMaría Corina Machado\n[\n55\n]\nhave all been the subject of controversy. The\n1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ\nmay have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.\n[\n45\n]\n[\n56\n]\n[\n57\n]\n[\n58\n]\n[\n59\n]\nNotable omissions\nForeign Policy\nhas listed\nCorazon Aquino\n,\nMahatma Gandhi\n,\nEleanor Roosevelt\n,\nVáclav Havel\n, and\nKen Saro-Wiwa\nas people who \"never won the prize, but should have.\"\n[\n60\n]\n[\n61\n]\nThe omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.\n[\n62\n]\n[\n63\n]\nThe committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.\n[\n64\n]\nThe omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.\n[\n62\n]\nGeir Lundestad\n, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, \"The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question.\"\n[\n65\n]\nIn 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that \"there was no suitable living candidate\" that year. Later, when the\nDalai Lama\nwas awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was \"in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi\".\n[\n66\n]\nSee also\nGandhi Peace Prize\n – Annual award by the Indian government\nLenin Peace Prize\n – Soviet state award for international recipients\nSakharov Prize\n – European award for human rights\nIbrahim Prize\n – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy\nNotes\n^\nSwedish\nand\nNorwegian\n:\nNobels fredspris\nReferences\n^\n\"Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize\"\n. The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 December 2023\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor\"\n. Associated Press. 15 September 2023\n. Retrieved\n11 September\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\nMorris, Chris (5 October 2022).\n\"Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect\"\n.\nFortune\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 December 2023\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"\n.\nwww.nobelprize.org\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 January 2007\n. Retrieved\n29 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. 1972. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 January 2007\n. Retrieved\n19 March\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nobel Peace Prize\",\nThe Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History\n^\nPalmowski, Jan (1 January 2008),\n\"Nobel Peace Prize\"\n,\nA Dictionary of Contemporary World History\n, Oxford University Press,\ndoi\n:\n10.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001\n,\nISBN\n \n978-0-19-929567-8\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on 29 March 2024\n, retrieved\n6 April\n2023\n{{\ncitation\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize\"\n.\nwww.nobelpeaceprize.org\n. 2 October 2025\n. Retrieved\n10 October\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 August 2018\n. Retrieved\n31 March\n2008\n.\n^\nNordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012).\nPeace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World\n. Encounter Books. p. \n24\n.\nISBN\n \n9781594035999\n.\n^\nLevush, Ruth (7 December 2015).\n\"Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress\"\n.\nblogs.loc.gov\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 March 2019\n. Retrieved\n12 March\n2019\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Why Norway?\"\n. The Norwegian Nobel Committee.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 November 2018\n. Retrieved\n11 October\n2009\n.\n^\nAltman, L. (2006).\nAlfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen\nArchived\n30 January 2016 at the\nWayback Machine\n.\nNew York Times\n. Retrieved 14 October 2006.\n^\nBBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood\nArchived\n1 March 2024 at the\nWayback Machine\nBBC\n^\nAndrews, Evan (23 July 2020).\n\"Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?\"\n.\nHistory Channel\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 November 2023.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"Alfred Nobel\"\n.\nEncyclopædia Britannica\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 May 2015.\n^\nMakovsky, Ken (11 July 2011).\n\"Nobel: How He Built His Reputation\"\n.\nForbes\n.\n^\na\nb\nSchultz, Colin (9 October 2013).\n\"Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes\"\n.\nSmithsonian Magazine\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 November 2023.\n^\nJanes, Joseph (26 May 2017).\nDocuments That Changed the Way We Live\n. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.\nISBN\n \n978-1-5381-0034-9\n.\n^\n\"Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 30 August 2009\n. Retrieved\n10 September\n2009\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Who may submit nominations?\"\n. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from\nthe original\non 30 June 2013\n. Retrieved\n10 September\n2009\n.\n^\n\"President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize\"\n. Associated Press on yahoo.com.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 October 2009\n. Retrieved\n9 October\n2009\n.\n^\n\"Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 October 2011\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2011\n.\n^\n\"Confidentiality\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 August 2021\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Who may submit nominations – Nobels fredspris\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 May 2013\n. Retrieved\n10 October\n2014\n.\n^\nMerelli, Annelise (7 October 2016).\n\"The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize\"\n.\nQz.com\n. Quartz Media.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 November 2017\n. Retrieved\n10 November\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nomination Archive\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. April 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 February 2021\n. Retrieved\n9 September\n2020\n.\n^\n\"How are Laureates selected?\"\n. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 August 2009\n. Retrieved\n10 September\n2009\n.\n^\n\"What the Nobel Laureates Receive\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 30 October 2007.\n^\n\"Prisutdelingen | Nobels fredspris\"\n. The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 November 2012\n. Retrieved\n13 October\n2012\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize Medal\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 5 March 2019\n. Retrieved\n20 June\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n9 October\n2022\n.\n^\nRothman, Lily (9 October 2015).\n\"Why a Nobel Peace Prize Was Once Rejected\"\n.\nTime\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 October 2016\n. Retrieved\n16 October\n2016\n.\n^\na\nb\nNichols, Michelle (9 October 2009).\n\"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 May 2017\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\nTaylor, Adam (17 September 2015).\n\"Obama's peace prize didn't have the desired effect, former Nobel official reveals\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 13 February 2016\n. Retrieved\n30 May\n2023\n.\n^\nMurphy, Clare (10 August 2004).\n\"The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?\"\n.\nBBC online\n. BBC News.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 13 September 2013\n. Retrieved\n11 October\n2009\n.\n^\nKREBS, RONALD R. (Winter 2009–10). \"The False Promise of the Nobel Peace Prize\".\nPolitical Science Quarterly\n.\n124\n(4):\n593–\n625.\ndoi\n:\n10.1002\/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x\n.\nJSTOR\n \n25655740\n.\n^\nAspøy, Arild\n(4 October 2011). \"Fredsprisens gråsoner\".\nAftenposten\n(in Norwegian). p. 4.\nNobelkomiteen bør ta inn medlemmer med faglig og internasjonal bakgrunn... som gjøre en like god jobb som pensjonerte stortingsrepresentanter.\n^\nNobel, Michael (9 December 2011).\n\"I strid med Nobels vilje\"\n.\nAftenposten\n(in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 January 2012\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2011\n.\n^\nHitchens, Christopher (2010).\nHitch-22: A Memoir\n. p. 4.\nISBN\n \n9780446540346\n.\n^\n\"Controversies and criticisms\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 February 2024\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\nRule, Sheila (16 October 1990).\n\"Gorbachev Gets Nobel Peace Prize For Foreign Police Achievements\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 January 2024\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\nSaid, Edward (1996).\nPeace and Its Discontents: Essays on Palestine in the Middle East Peace Process\n. Vintage.\nISBN\n \n0-679-76725-8\n.\n^\nGotlieb, Michael (24 October 1994). \"Arafat tarnishes the Nobel trophy\".\nThe San Diego Union – Tribune\n. p. B7.\n^\na\nb\n\"Worldwide criticism of Nobel peace awards\"\n.\nThe Times\n. London. 18 October 1973.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 October 2021\n. Retrieved\n9 October\n2021\n.\n^\nDouglas G. Brinkley.\nThe Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey to the Nobel Peace Prize\n(1999)\n[\npage needed\n]\n^\n\"Nobel chief regrets Obama peace prize\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 17 September 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Surprised, humbled Obama awarded Nobel Peace Prize\"\n. Associated Press. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 October 2009\n. Retrieved\n9 October\n2009\n.\n^\nOtterman, Sharon (9 October 2009),\n\"World Reaction to a Nobel Surprise\"\n,\nThe New York Times\n,\narchived\nfrom the original on 13 October 2009\n, retrieved\n9 October\n2009\n^\n\"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?\"\n.\nReuters.com\n. 9 October 2009.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 October 2009\n. Retrieved\n28 August\n2012\n.\n^\nWalsh, Declan (15 December 2021).\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize That Paved the Way for War\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 December 2021\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\nAnderson, Jon Lee (26 September 2022).\n\"Did a Nobel Peace Laureate Stoke a Civil War?\"\n.\nThe New Yorker\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 13 February 2024\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Ethiopia's Abiy Ahmed: The Nobel Prize winner who went to war\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 11 October 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 October 2019\n. Retrieved\n29 March\n2024\n.\n^\nCriscione, Valeria (7 December 2012).\n\"Norwegian protesters say EU Nobel Peace Prize win devalues award\"\n.\nChristian Science Monitor\n.\nISSN\n \n0882-7729\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 January 2023\n. Retrieved\n8 January\n2023\n.\n^\nGlatsky, Genevieve; Libell, Henrik Pryser (9 December 2025).\n\"Nobel Prize for Venezuelan Dissident Draws Criticism\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\n^\n\"Helge Rognlien\"\n.\nnobelprize.org\n. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 February 2023\n. Retrieved\n13 October\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Einar Hovdhaugen\"\n.\nnobelprize.org\n. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from\nthe original\non 12 February 2023\n. Retrieved\n13 October\n2025\n.\n^\nTønnesson, Øyvind (29 June 2000).\n\"Controversies and criticisms\"\n.\nNobel Committee\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 February 2024.\n^\nNordlinger, Jay (30 November 2023).\n\"Controversies and criticisms\"\n.\nThe National Review\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 February 2024.\n^\nKenner, David (7 October 2009).\n\"Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans\"\n.\nForeign Policy\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 January 2010\n. Retrieved\n10 October\n2009\n.\n^\nJames, Frank (9 October 2009).\n\"Nobel Peace Prize's Notable Omissions\"\n.\nNPR\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 31 March 2015\n. Retrieved\n12 December\n2011\n.\n^\na\nb\nTønnesson, Øyvind (7 July 2022).\n\"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 20 September 2018\n. Retrieved\n8 July\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Your Questions About the Nobel Peace Prize!\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 23 March 2007.\n^\n\"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–1956: Gandhi\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 December 2008\n. Retrieved\n13 October\n2008\n.\n^\n\"Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 September 2011\n. Retrieved\n15 September\n2011\n.\n^\n\"Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\"\n.\nNobel Foundation\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 January 2011\n. Retrieved\n10 October\n2014\n.\nExternal links\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"\n– Official webpage of the\nNorwegian Nobel Committee\n\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"\nat the official site of the Nobel Prize\n\"All Nobel Laureates in Peace\"\n\"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies\"\n\"National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award.\"\n– From\nJ. Schmidhuber\n(2010):\nEvolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century\nat\narXiv:1009.2634v1","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nobel+Peace+Prize \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nobel+Peace+Prize \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nobel+Peace+Prize \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nobel+Peace+Prize \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize)\n- [1 Background](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Background)\n- [2 Nomination and selection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Nomination_and_selection)\n  Toggle Nomination and selection subsection\n  - [2\\.1 Nomination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Nomination)\n  - [2\\.2 Selection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Selection)\n- [3 Awarding the prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Awarding_the_prize)\n- [4 Medal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Medal)\n- [5 Laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Laureates)\n- [6 Criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Criticism)\n  Toggle Criticism subsection\n  - [6\\.1 Criticism of individual conferments](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Criticism_of_individual_conferments)\n  - [6\\.2 Notable omissions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Notable_omissions)\n- [7 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#See_also)\n- [8 Notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Notes)\n- [9 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#References)\n- [10 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Nobel Peace Prize\n119 languages\n\n- [Afrikaans](https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelprys_vir_Vrede \"Nobelprys vir Vrede – Afrikaans\")\n- [Alemannisch](https:\/\/als.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedensnobelpreis \"Friedensnobelpreis – Alemannic\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 \"جائزة نوبل للسلام – Arabic\")\n- [مصرى](https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 \"جايزة نوبل للسلام – Egyptian Arabic\")\n- [অসমীয়া](https:\/\/as.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%27%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE \"শান্তি ন'বেল বঁটা – Assamese\")\n- [Asturianu](https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premiu_Nobel_de_la_Paz \"Premiu Nobel de la Paz – Asturian\")\n- [अवधी](https:\/\/awa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार – Awadhi\")\n- [Azərbaycanca](https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%22Nobel%22_s%C3%BClh_m%C3%BCkafat%C4%B1 \"\\\"Nobel\\\" sülh mükafatı – Azerbaijani\")\n- [Boarisch](https:\/\/bar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedensnobelpreis \"Friedensnobelpreis – Bavarian\")\n- [Žemaitėška](https:\/\/bat-smg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuobel%C4%97_taikuos_prem%C4%97j%C4%97 \"Nuobelė taikuos premėjė – Samogitian\")\n- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83 \"Нобэлеўская прэмія міру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83 \"Нобелеўская прэмія міру – Belarusian\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 \"Нобелова награда за мир – Bulgarian\")\n- [भोजपुरी](https:\/\/bh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार – Bhojpuri\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 \"শান্তিতে নোবেল পুরস্কার – Bangla\")\n- [བོད་ཡིག](https:\/\/bo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8D \"ནོར་བྷེལ་བྱ་དགའ། – Tibetan\")\n- [Brezhoneg](https:\/\/br.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Priz_Nobel_ar_Peoc%27h \"Priz Nobel ar Peoc'h – Breton\")\n- [Bosanski](https:\/\/bs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir \"Nobelova nagrada za mir – Bosnian\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premi_Nobel_de_la_Pau \"Premi Nobel de la Pau – Catalan\")\n- [閩東語 \/ Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https:\/\/cdo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Hu%C3%B2-b%C3%ACng_Ci%C5%8Dng \"Nobel Huò-bìng Ciōng – Mindong\")\n- [کوردی](https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%84 \"خەڵاتی ئاشتیی نۆبێل – Central Kurdish\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelova_cena_za_m%C3%ADr \"Nobelova cena za mír – Czech\")\n- [Cymraeg](https:\/\/cy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gwobr_Heddwch_Nobel \"Gwobr Heddwch Nobel – Welsh\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobels_fredspris \"Nobels fredspris – Danish\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedensnobelpreis \"Friedensnobelpreis – German\")\n- [डोटेली](https:\/\/dty.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Doteli\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82 \"Βραβείο Νόμπελ Ειρήνης – Greek\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel-premio_pri_paco \"Nobel-premio pri paco – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz \"Premio Nobel de la Paz – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobeli_rahuauhind \"Nobeli rahuauhind – Estonian\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bakearen_Nobel_Saria \"Bakearen Nobel Saria – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84 \"جایزه صلح نوبل – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelin_rauhanpalkinto \"Nobelin rauhanpalkinto – Finnish\")\n- [Føroyskt](https:\/\/fo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fri%C3%B0arhei%C3%B0ursl%C3%B8n_Nobels \"Friðarheiðursløn Nobels – Faroese\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix \"Prix Nobel de la paix – French\")\n- [Arpetan](https:\/\/frp.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prix_Nobel_de_la_p%C3%A8x \"Prix Nobel de la pèx – Arpitan\")\n- [Frysk](https:\/\/fy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelpriis_foar_de_Frede \"Nobelpriis foar de Frede – Western Frisian\")\n- [Gaeilge](https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duais_Nobel_na_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na \"Duais Nobel na Síochána – Irish\")\n- [贛語](https:\/\/gan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E \"諾貝爾和平獎 – Gan\")\n- [Gàidhlig](https:\/\/gd.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Duais_Nobel_airson_S%C3%ACthe \"Duais Nobel airson Sìthe – Scottish Gaelic\")\n- [Galego](https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nobel_da_Paz \"Premio Nobel da Paz – Galician\")\n- [Avañe'ẽ](https:\/\/gn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jop%C3%B3i_Nobel_Py%27aguapyguigua \"Jopói Nobel Py'aguapyguigua – Guarani\")\n- [Ghanaian Pidgin](https:\/\/gpe.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize \"Nobel Peace Prize – Ghanaian Pidgin\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D \"פרס נובל לשלום – Hebrew\")\n- [हिन्दी](https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबल शांति पुरस्कार – Hindi\")\n- [Hrvatski](https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir \"Nobelova nagrada za mir – Croatian\")\n- [Magyar](https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel-b%C3%A9ked%C3%ADj \"Nobel-békedíj – Hungarian\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF \"Խաղաղության Նոբելյան մրցանակ – Armenian\")\n- [Interlingua](https:\/\/ia.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nobel_del_Pace \"Premio Nobel del Pace – Interlingua\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penghargaan_Nobel_Perdamaian \"Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian – Indonesian\")\n- [Ilokano](https:\/\/ilo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nobel_iti_Kappia \"Premio Nobel iti Kappia – Iloko\")\n- [Íslenska](https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fri%C3%B0arver%C3%B0laun_N%C3%B3bels \"Friðarverðlaun Nóbels – Icelandic\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace \"Premio Nobel per la pace – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B3%9E \"ノーベル平和賞 – Japanese\")\n- [ქართული](https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90 \"ნობელის მშვიდობის პრემია – Georgian\")\n- [Taqbaylit](https:\/\/kab.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arraz_n_Nobel_i_telwit \"Arraz n Nobel i telwit – Kabyle\")\n- [Қазақша](https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B \"Бейбітшілік саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы – Kazakh\")\n- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96 \"ពានរង្វាន់ណូបែលសន្តិភាព – Khmer\")\n- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0 \"ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಶಾಂತಿ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ – Kannada\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%83%81 \"노벨 평화상 – Korean\")\n- [Kurdî](https:\/\/ku.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xelata_Nobel%C3%AA_ya_A%C5%9Ftiy%C3%AA \"Xelata Nobelê ya Aştiyê – Kurdish\")\n- [Latina](https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Praemium_Nobelianum_pacis \"Praemium Nobelianum pacis – Latin\")\n- [Lëtzebuergesch](https:\/\/lb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friddensnobelpr%C3%A4is \"Friddensnobelpräis – Luxembourgish\")\n- [Lietuvių](https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelio_taikos_premija \"Nobelio taikos premija – Lithuanian\")\n- [Latviešu](https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobela_miera_pr%C4%93mija \"Nobela miera prēmija – Latvian\")\n- [मैथिली](https:\/\/mai.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Maithili\")\n- [Македонски](https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 \"Нобелова награда за мир – Macedonian\")\n- [മലയാളം](https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82 \"സമാധാനത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം – Malayalam\")\n- [Монгол](https:\/\/mn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB \"Нобелийн энхтайвны шагнал – Mongolian\")\n- [मराठी](https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 \"नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक – Marathi\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hadiah_Keamanan_Nobel \"Hadiah Keamanan Nobel – Malay\")\n- [Malti](https:\/\/mt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premju_Nobel_g%C4%A7all-Pa%C4%8Bi \"Premju Nobel għall-Paċi – Maltese\")\n- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https:\/\/my.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%84%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF \"နိုဘယ် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးဆု – Burmese\")\n- [مازِرونی](https:\/\/mzn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87 \"نوبل صلح جایزه – Mazanderani\")\n- [नेपाली](https:\/\/ne.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 \"नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Nepali\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Vrede \"Nobelprijs voor de Vrede – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk nynorsk](https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobels_fredspris \"Nobels fredspris – Norwegian Nynorsk\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobels_fredspris \"Nobels fredspris – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Occitan](https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_la_Patz \"Prèmi Nobel de la Patz – Occitan\")\n- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE \"ਨੋਬਲ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਇਨਾਮ – Punjabi\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pokojowa_Nagroda_Nobla \"Pokojowa Nagroda Nobla – Polish\")\n- [پنجابی](https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 \"نوبل امن انعام – Western Punjabi\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_da_Paz \"Prêmio Nobel da Paz – Portuguese\")\n- [Runa Simi](https:\/\/qu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Su%C3%B1ay_Qasikaypi \"Nobel Suñay Qasikaypi – Quechua\")\n- [Română](https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_pace \"Premiul Nobel pentru pace – Romanian\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0 \"Нобелевская премия мира – Russian\")\n- [Саха тыла](https:\/\/sah.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D \"Нобель эйэ бириэмийэтэ – Yakut\")\n- [Sicilianu](https:\/\/scn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premiu_Nobel_p%C3%A2_paci \"Premiu Nobel pâ paci – Sicilian\")\n- [Scots](https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize \"Nobel Peace Prize – Scots\")\n- [سنڌي](https:\/\/sd.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 \"نوبل امن انعام – Sindhi\")\n- [Srpskohrvatski \/ српскохрватски](https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir \"Nobelova nagrada za mir – Serbo-Croatian\")\n- [සිංහල](https:\/\/si.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA \"නොබෙල් සාම ත්‍යාගය – Sinhala\")\n- [Slovenčina](https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_mier \"Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za mier – Slovak\")\n- [سرائیکی](https:\/\/skr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 \"امن دا نوبل انعام – Saraiki\")\n- [Slovenščina](https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir \"Nobelova nagrada za mir – Slovenian\")\n- [Anarâškielâ](https:\/\/smn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel-r%C3%A1%C3%A1vhupalh%C3%A2%C5%A1ume \"Nobel-ráávhupalhâšume – Inari Sami\")\n- [Shqip](https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%87mimi_Nobel_p%C3%ABr_Paqe \"Çmimi Nobel për Paqe – Albanian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 \"Нобелова награда за мир – Serbian\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobels_fredspris \"Nobels fredspris – Swedish\")\n- [Kiswahili](https:\/\/sw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tuzo_ya_Nobel_ya_Amani \"Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani – Swahili\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81 \"அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசு – Tamil\")\n- [తెలుగు](https:\/\/te.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF \"నోబెల్ శాంతి బహుమతి – Telugu\")\n- [Тоҷикӣ](https:\/\/tg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB \"Ҷоизаи сулҳи Нобел – Tajik\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E \"รางวัลโนเบลสาขาสันติภาพ – Thai\")\n- [Türkmençe](https:\/\/tk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parahat%C3%A7ylyk_ugry_bo%C3%BDun%C3%A7a_Nobel_ba%C3%BDragy \"Parahatçylyk ugry boýunça Nobel baýragy – Turkmen\")\n- [Tagalog](https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gantimpalang_Nobel_na_Pangkapayapaan \"Gantimpalang Nobel na Pangkapayapaan – Tagalog\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC \"Nobel Barış Ödülü – Turkish\")\n- [Татарча \/ tatarça](https:\/\/tt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5 \"Тынычлык өчен Нобель премиясе – Tatar\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83 \"Нобелівська премія миру – Ukrainian\")\n- [اردو](https:\/\/ur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 \"نوبل امن انعام – Urdu\")\n- [Oʻzbekcha \/ ўзбекча](https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tinchlik_bo%CA%BByicha_Nobel_mukofoti \"Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti – Uzbek\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gi%E1%BA%A3i_Nobel_H%C3%B2a_b%C3%ACnh \"Giải Nobel Hòa bình – Vietnamese\")\n- [Winaray](https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Premyo_Nobel_han_Kamurayaw \"Premyo Nobel han Kamurayaw – Waray\")\n- [吴语](https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96 \"诺贝尔和平奖 – Wu\")\n- [მარგალური](https:\/\/xmf.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1 \"ნობელიშ პრემიაშ ლაურეატეფი თინჩალაშ გონტკიცაფაშ დარგის – Mingrelian\")\n- [Yorùbá](https:\/\/yo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80b%C3%B9n_%C3%80l%C3%A1f%C3%AD%C3%A0_Nobel \"Ẹ̀bùn Àláfíà Nobel – Yoruba\")\n- [閩南語 \/ Bân-lâm-gí](https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_H%C3%B4-p%C3%AAng_Chi%C3%B3ng \"Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng – Minnan\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E \"諾貝爾和平獎 – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96 \"诺贝尔和平奖 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q35637#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize)\n- [View 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[g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n[![Extended-protected article](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Extended-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended \"This article is extended-confirmed-protected\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nOne of five Nobel Prizes\n\n\"Nobel Peace\" redirects here. For the film, see [*Nobel Peace* (film)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_\\(film\\) \"Nobel Peace (film)\").\n\nAward\n\n| Nobel Peace Prize |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c0\/President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg\/250px-President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_\\(34208881752\\).jpg)[Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter \"Jimmy Carter\")'s 2002 Nobel Peace Prize |   |\n| Awarded for | Outstanding contributions to [peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace \"Peace\"): arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1) |\n| Location | [Oslo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo \"Oslo\"), Norway |\n| Presented by | [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\") on behalf of the estate of [Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\") |\n| Rewards | 11 million [SEK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\") (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-2)  10 million SEK (2022)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) |\n| First award | 10 December 1901; 124 years ago (1901-12-10)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-4) |\n| Most recent recipient | [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\") [(2025)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") |\n| Most awards | [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") (3) |\n| Website | [nobelprize.org\/peace](https:\/\/nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/) |\n| ← [2024](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2024 Nobel Peace Prize\") **·** [2025](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") **·** [2026](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2026_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2026 Nobel Peace Prize\") → |   |\n\nThe **Nobel Peace Prize**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-5) is one of the five [Nobel Prizes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize \"Nobel Prize\") established by the [will](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Will_and_testament \"Will and testament\") of [Swedish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden \"Sweden\") industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer [Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\"), along with the prizes in [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry \"Nobel Prize in Chemistry\"), [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics \"Nobel Prize in Physics\"), [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine \"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine\"), and [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature \"Nobel Prize in Literature\").\n\nSince March 1901,[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-6) it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have \"done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of [peace congresses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_congress \"Peace congress\")\".[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-7) *The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History* describes it as \"the most prestigious prize in the world\".[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-8)\n\nIn accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\"), a five-member committee appointed by the [Parliament of Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Norway \"Parliament of Norway\") unlike all the other awards chosen by the [Swedish Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee \"Nobel Committee\"). The prize award ceremony has been held in [Oslo City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_City_Hall \"Oslo City Hall\") since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\") (1905–1946), and the [Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storting_building \"Storting building\") (1901–1904).\n\nDue to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been [subject to numerous controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_controversies#Peace \"Nobel Prize controversies\"). The [most recent prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") was awarded to [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\") \"for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venezuela \"Venezuela\") and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy\".[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-9)\n\n## Background\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg\/250px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)\n\n[Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\"), whose will established the Peace Prize\n\nAccording to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year \"shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses\".[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-10) Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-11)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-12)\n\nNobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing [peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace \"Peace\") as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for [chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemistry \"Chemistry\") and [physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physics \"Physics\") were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with [Bertha von Suttner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bertha_von_Suttner \"Bertha von Suttner\"), a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included [dynamite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamite \"Dynamite\") and [ballistite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballistite \"Ballistite\"), both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-14) and the [Irish Republican Brotherhood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood \"Irish Republican Brotherhood\"), an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-15) Nobel was also instrumental in turning [Bofors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bofors \"Bofors\") from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.\n\nThere is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published [obituaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obituaries \"Obituaries\") of Alfred by mistake.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-16) One French newspaper\\[*[which?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words \"Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words\")*\\] condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) The obituary supposedly stated, **Le marchand de la mort est mort** (\"The merchant of death is dead\"),[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) and went on to say, \"Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.\"[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-18)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19) Although the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-janes-20)\n\nIt is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was [ruled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_union \"Personal union\") in [union with Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway \"Union between Sweden and Norway\") at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden \"Sweden\"). It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the [Norwegian parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_parliament \"Norwegian parliament\") had become closely involved in the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Parliamentary_Union \"Inter-Parliamentary Union\")'s efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13)\n\n## Nomination and selection\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg\/250px-Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)\n\nThe [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\") in [Oslo, Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo \"Oslo\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg\/250px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)\n\nThe [14th Dalai Lama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Dalai_Lama \"14th Dalai Lama\") and [Archbishop Desmond Tutu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desmond_Tutu \"Desmond Tutu\"), Nobel Peace Prize laureates\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg\/250px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_\\(GPO\\)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)\n\n[Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat \"Yasser Arafat\"), [Shimon Peres](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shimon_Peres \"Shimon Peres\") and [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin \"Yitzhak Rabin\") displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize\n\nThe [Norwegian Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storting \"Storting\") appoints the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\"), which selects the [Nobel Peace Prize laureate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\").\n\n### Nomination\nMain articles: [List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(1900%E2%80%931999\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)\"), [List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(2000%E2%80%93present\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)\"), and [List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize\")\n\nEach year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-21) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) These nominators are:\n\n- Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Parliamentary_Union \"Inter-Parliamentary Union\")\n- Members of the [Permanent Court of Arbitration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration \"Permanent Court of Arbitration\") and the [International Court of Justice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Court_of_Justice \"International Court of Justice\") at the Hague\n- Members of [Institut de Droit International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_de_Droit_International \"Institut de Droit International\")\n- Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history, [social sciences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_science \"Social science\"), philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors\/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes\n- [Previous recipients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\"), including board members of organizations that have received the prize\n- Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\n- Former permanent advisers to the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\")\n\nThe working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22)\n\nIn 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-23) but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-24) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-25) Over time, many individuals have become known as \"Nobel Peace Prize Nominees\", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-26) Indeed, in 1939, [Adolf Hitler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler \"Adolf Hitler\") received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of [Neville Chamberlain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neville_Chamberlain \"Neville Chamberlain\").[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-27) Nominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-28)\n\n### Selection\nNominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-selection-29)\n\n## Awarding the prize\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG\/250px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)\n\nObverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal\n\nThe Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the [King of Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarchy_of_Norway \"Monarchy of Norway\") and the [Norwegian royal family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_royal_family \"Norwegian royal family\") on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in [Stockholm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stockholm \"Stockholm\"). The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-30) The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were [on the order of](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_the_order_of \"On the order of\") roughly 10 million [SEK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\"), which translated to roughly 1 million USD.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3)\n\nSince 1990, the ceremony has taken place at [Oslo City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_City_Hall \"Oslo City Hall\"). From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the [University of Oslo Faculty of Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo \"Faculty of Law, University of Oslo\"), a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\"). From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the *[Storting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Norway_Building \"Parliament of Norway Building\")* (Parliament).[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-31)\n\n## Medal\nMain article: [Nobel Prize medal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_medal \"Nobel Prize medal\")\n\nThe medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor [Gustav Vigeland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_Vigeland \"Gustav Vigeland\") in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from [Erik Lindberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erik_Lindberg \"Erik Lindberg\")'s profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The [dies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_\\(manufacturing\\) \"Die (manufacturing)\") for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription \"*Pro pace et fraternitate gentium*\" (\"For the peace and brotherhood of men\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and \"Prix Nobel de la Paix\".[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32)\n\n## Laureates\nFor a more comprehensive list, see [List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\").\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg\/250px-Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)\n\nView of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001, [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations \"United Nations\")\n\nAs of October 2023[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=edit), the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the [Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees \"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\") has won twice (1954 and 1981).[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Nobel_facts22-33) [Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D \"Lê Đức Thọ\") is the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-34)\n\n## Criticism\nMain article: [Nobel Peace Prize controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies \"Nobel Peace Prize controversies\")\n\nSome commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35) or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35)[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-36) Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Murphy-37) Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-38)\n\nIn 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper *[Aftenposten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aftenposten \"Aftenposten\")* contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Aftenposten20111004-39) In another 2011 *Aftenposten* opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-40) Author [Christopher Hitchens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Hitchens \"Christopher Hitchens\") called the Nobel Peace Prize \"a huge bore and a fraud\" in his memoir *[Hitch-22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitch-22 \"Hitch-22\")*.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-41)\n\n### Criticism of individual conferments\n[![Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Jagland_and_Obama.jpg\/250px-Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)\n\n[Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") with [Thorbjørn Jagland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland \"Thorbjørn Jagland\") at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony\n\nNobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-42) The awards given to [Mikhail Gorbachev](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev \"Mikhail Gorbachev\"),[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-43) [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin \"Yitzhak Rabin\"), [Shimon Peres](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shimon_Peres \"Shimon Peres\") and [Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat \"Yasser Arafat\"),[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-44)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-45) [Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D \"Lê Đức Thọ\"), [Henry Kissinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Kissinger \"Henry Kissinger\"),[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46) [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter \"Jimmy Carter\"),[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-47) [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\"),[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-48)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-49)[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-50)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-51) [Abiy Ahmed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abiy_Ahmed \"Abiy Ahmed\"),[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-52)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-53)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-54) the [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\"),[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-55) and [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\")[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-56) have all been the subject of controversy. The [1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1973 Nobel Peace Prize\") may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46)[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-57)[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-58)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nobelcontroversies-59)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-review-60)\n\n### Notable omissions\n*[Foreign Policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Policy \"Foreign Policy\")* has listed [Corazon Aquino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corazon_Aquino \"Corazon Aquino\"), [Mahatma Gandhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi \"Mahatma Gandhi\"), [Eleanor Roosevelt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eleanor_Roosevelt \"Eleanor Roosevelt\"), [Václav Havel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1clav_Havel \"Václav Havel\"), and [Ken Saro-Wiwa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ken_Saro-Wiwa \"Ken Saro-Wiwa\") as people who \"never won the prize, but should have.\"[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-61)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-62) The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-64) The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-65) The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)\n\n[Geir Lundestad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geir_Lundestad \"Geir Lundestad\"), Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, \"The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question.\"[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-66) In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that \"there was no suitable living candidate\" that year. Later, when the [Dalai Lama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dalai_Lama \"Dalai Lama\") was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was \"in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi\".[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-67)\n\n## See also\n- [Gandhi Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gandhi_Peace_Prize \"Gandhi Peace Prize\") – Annual award by the Indian government\n- [Lenin Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin_Peace_Prize \"Lenin Peace Prize\") – Soviet state award for international recipients\n- [Sakharov Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakharov_Prize \"Sakharov Prize\") – European award for human rights\n- [Ibrahim Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ibrahim_Prize \"Ibrahim Prize\") – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy\n## Notes\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-5)** [Swedish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_language \"Swedish language\") and [Norwegian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_language \"Norwegian language\"): *Nobels fredspris*\n## References\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize\/). The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231215111745\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize\/) from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor\"](https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/nobel-prize-increase-award-amount-122839c6c00d7659f60f4676004c89eb). Associated Press. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-1)\n   Morris, Chris (5 October 2022). [\"Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect\"](https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/10\/05\/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward\/). *[Fortune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortune_\\(magazine\\) \"Fortune (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20231211051240\/https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/10\/05\/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward\/) from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html). *www.nobelprize.org*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070102153041\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html) from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2017.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070102153041\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. 1972. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html) on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2016.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-7)** \"Nobel Peace Prize\", *The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History*\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-8)**\n   Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008), [\"Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001\/acref-9780199295678-e-1700), *A Dictionary of Contemporary World History*, Oxford University Press, [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199295678.001.0001), [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-19-929567-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-929567-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-929567-8\")\n   \n   , [archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240329133109\/https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001\/acref-9780199295678-e-1700) from the original on 29 March 2024, retrieved 6 April 2023\n   \n   `{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN \"Category:CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN\"))\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/articles\/nobels-fredspris-2025-1). *www.nobelpeaceprize.org*. 2 October 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-10)**\n   [\"Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred_nobel\/will\/will-full.html). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180815060015\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred_nobel\/will\/will-full.html) from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2008.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-11)**\n    Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012). [*Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/peacetheysayhist0000nord). Encounter Books. p. [24](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/peacetheysayhist0000nord\/page\/24). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781594035999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781594035999 \"Special:BookSources\/9781594035999\")\n    \n    .\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-12)**\n    Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015). [\"Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy \\| In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress\"](https:\/\/blogs.loc.gov\/law\/2015\/12\/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy\/). *blogs.loc.gov*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190327195227\/https:\/\/blogs.loc.gov\/law\/2015\/12\/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy\/) from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-1)\n    [\"Why Norway?\"](https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/History\/Why-Norway). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181105210706\/https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/History\/Why-Norway) from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2009.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-14)** Altman, L. (2006). [Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/09\/26\/health\/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160130124239\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/09\/26\/health\/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) 30 January 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). *New York Times*. Retrieved 14 October 2006.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-15)** [BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/easterrising\/profiles\/po17.shtml) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240301195334\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/easterrising\/profiles\/po17.shtml) 1 March 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") *BBC*\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-16)**\n    Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020). [\"Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?\"](https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize). *[History Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_Channel \"History Channel\")*. 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[\"Nobel: How He Built His Reputation\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kenmakovsky\/2011\/11\/07\/nobel-how-he-built-his-reputation\/). *[Forbes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes \"Forbes\")*.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-1)\n    Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013). [\"Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes\"](https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688\/). *[Smithsonian Magazine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian_Magazine \"Smithsonian Magazine\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231130142424\/https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688\/) from the original on 30 November 2023.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-janes_20-0)**\n    Janes, Joseph (26 May 2017). [*Documents That Changed the Way We Live*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=a6-zDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108). Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-5381-0034-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-5381-0034-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-5381-0034-9\")\n    \n    .\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090830181941\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/index.html). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/index.html) on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.\n21. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-1)\n    [\"Who may submit nominations?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130630174311\/http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/who-can-nominate\/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/who-can-nominate\/) on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2009.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/eu_nobel_peace). Associated Press on yahoo.com. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091012065130\/http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/eu_nobel_peace) from the original on 12 October 2009. 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[\"Why a Nobel Peace Prize Was Once Rejected\"](https:\/\/time.com\/4061794\/nobel-peace-prize-winner-history\/). *[Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_\\(magazine\\) \"Time (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161021021921\/http:\/\/time.com\/4061794\/nobel-peace-prize-winner-history\/) from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.\n34. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-reuters.com_35-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-reuters.com_35-1)\n    Nichols, Michelle (9 October 2009). [\"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nobel-peace-usa-sb-idUKTRE5983AM20091009). *Reuters*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170510083841\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nobel-peace-usa-sb-idUKTRE5983AM20091009) from the original on 10 May 2017. 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[\"The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?\"](https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/3724734.stm). *BBC online*. BBC News. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913050013\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/3724734.stm) from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2009.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-38)**\n    KREBS, RONALD R. (Winter 2009–10). \"The False Promise of the Nobel Peace Prize\". *Political Science Quarterly*. **124** (4): 593–625\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1002\/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fj.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [25655740](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25655740).\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Aftenposten20111004_39-0)**\n    [Aspøy, Arild](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arild_Asp%C3%B8y \"Arild Aspøy\") (4 October 2011). \"Fredsprisens gråsoner\". *Aftenposten* (in Norwegian). p. 4. \"Nobelkomiteen bør ta inn medlemmer med faglig og internasjonal bakgrunn... som gjøre en like god jobb som pensjonerte stortingsrepresentanter.\"\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-40)**\n    Nobel, Michael (9 December 2011). [\"I strid med Nobels vilje\"](http:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/I-strid-med-Nobels-vilje-6717623.html). *Aftenposten* (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091012044415\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/GCA-BarackObama\/idUKTRE5983AM20091009?virtualBrandChannel=11621&sp=true) from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2012.\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-52)**\n    Walsh, Declan (15 December 2021). [\"The Nobel Peace Prize That Paved the Way for War\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/ethiopia-abiy-ahmed-nobel-war.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211215101039\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/ethiopia-abiy-ahmed-nobel-war.html) from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n52. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-53)**\n    Anderson, Jon Lee (26 September 2022). [\"Did a Nobel Peace Laureate Stoke a Civil War?\"](https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/10\/03\/did-a-nobel-peace-laureate-stoke-a-civil-war). *The New Yorker*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240213083920\/https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/10\/03\/did-a-nobel-peace-laureate-stoke-a-civil-war) from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n53. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-54)**\n    [\"Ethiopia's Abiy Ahmed: The Nobel Prize winner who went to war\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-43567007). *BBC News*. 11 October 2021. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191011155046\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-43567007) from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n54. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-55)**\n    Criscione, Valeria (7 December 2012). [\"Norwegian protesters say EU Nobel Peace Prize win devalues award\"](https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2012\/1207\/Norwegian-protesters-say-EU-Nobel-Peace-Prize-win-devalues-award). *Christian Science Monitor*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0882-7729](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0882-7729). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230108080132\/https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2012\/1207\/Norwegian-protesters-say-EU-Nobel-Peace-Prize-win-devalues-award) from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.\n55. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-56)**\n    Glatsky, Genevieve; Libell, Henrik Pryser (9 December 2025). [\"Nobel Prize for Venezuelan Dissident Draws Criticism\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/12\/09\/world\/americas\/nobel-prize-venezuela.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"Helge Rognlien\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230211153249\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-helge-rognlien\/). *nobelprize.org*. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-helge-rognlien\/) on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2025.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"Einar Hovdhaugen\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230212215126\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-einar-hovdhaugen\/). *nobelprize.org*. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-einar-hovdhaugen\/) on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2025.\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nobelcontroversies_59-0)**\n    Tønnesson, Øyvind (29 June 2000). [\"Controversies and criticisms\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/controversies-and-criticisms\/). *[Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee \"Nobel Committee\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240226155737\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/controversies-and-criticisms\/) from the original on 26 February 2024.\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-review_60-0)**\n    Nordlinger, Jay (30 November 2023). [\"Controversies and criticisms\"](https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/the-1973-nobel). *[The National Review](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_National_Review \"The National Review\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240226155933\/https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/the-1973-nobel\/) from the original on 26 February 2024.\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-61)**\n    Kenner, David (7 October 2009). [\"Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100125073527\/http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2009\/10\/07\/nobel_peace_prize_also_rans). *[Foreign Policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Policy \"Foreign Policy\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2009\/10\/07\/nobel_peace_prize_also_rans) on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2009.\n61. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-62)**\n    James, Frank (9 October 2009). [\"Nobel Peace Prize's Notable Omissions\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/thetwo-way\/2009\/10\/nobel_peace_prizes_notable_omi.html). *NPR*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150331054215\/http:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/thetwo-way\/2009\/10\/nobel_peace_prizes_notable_omi.html) from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2011.\n62. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-gandhi_63-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-gandhi_63-1)\n    Tønnesson, Øyvind (7 July 2022). [\"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180920235427\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate\/) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2022.\n63. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-64)**\n    [\"Your Questions About the Nobel Peace Prize!\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070323125008\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/prize_announcements\/peace\/ask_questions.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prize_announcements\/peace\/ask_questions.html) on 23 March 2007.\n64. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-65)**\n    [\"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–1956: Gandhi\"](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/nomination.php?key1=candname&log1=LIKE&string1=gandhi&action=advsearch&log10=OR&key2=candname&log2=LIKE&string2=&log11=OR&key3=candname&log3=LIKE&string3=&startyear=&endyear=&order1=year&order2=nomname&order3=cand1name&submit2.x=0&submit2.y=0&submit2=Go). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081207012955\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/nomination.php?key1=candname&log1=LIKE&string1=gandhi&action=advsearch&log10=OR&key2=candname&log2=LIKE&string2=&log11=OR&key3=candname&log3=LIKE&string3=&startyear=&endyear=&order1=year&order2=nomname&order3=cand1name&submit2.x=0&submit2.y=0&submit2=Go) from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.\n65. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-66)**\n    [\"Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110915025114\/http:\/\/www.icrs.ugm.ac.id\/wednesday-forum-schedule\/111-relevance-of-gandhian-philosophy-in-the-21st-century). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.icrs.ugm.ac.id\/wednesday-forum-schedule\/111-relevance-of-gandhian-philosophy-in-the-21st-century) on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-67)**\n    [\"Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\"](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1989\/presentation-speech.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110127192457\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1989\/presentation-speech.html) from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2014.\n## External links\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [Nobel Peace Prize](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nobel_Peace_Prize \"commons:Category:Nobel Peace Prize\").\n\n[![logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Wikiquote-logo.svg\/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg)\n\nWikiquote has quotations related to ***[Nobel Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikiquote.org\/wiki\/Special:Search\/Nobel_Peace_Prize \"q:Special:Search\/Nobel Peace Prize\")***.\n\n- [\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/) – Official webpage of the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\")\n- [\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/) at the official site of the Nobel Prize\n  - [\"All Nobel Laureates in Peace\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/index.html)\n  - [\"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/ceremonies\/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets\/)\n- [\"National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award.\"](http:\/\/www.idsia.ch\/~juergen\/pea.html) – From [J. Schmidhuber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber \"Jürgen Schmidhuber\") (2010): [Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327012415\/http:\/\/www.idsia.ch\/~juergen\/nobelshare.html) at [arXiv:1009.2634v1](https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1009.2634)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox \"Template:Nobel Peace Prize navbox\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox \"Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize navbox\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel Peace Prize navbox\")[Nobel Peace Prize]() |   |\n|---|---|\n| General topics | [Laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\") [Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\") ([members](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_members_of_the_Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"List of members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\")) [Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\") [Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Center \"Nobel Peace Center\") [Concert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Concert \"Nobel Peace Prize Concert\") [Oslo Spektrum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_Spektrum \"Oslo Spektrum\") [Oslo City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_City_Hall \"Oslo City Hall\") [World Summit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Summit_of_Nobel_Peace_Laureates \"World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates\") Nominees Individuals [1900–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(1900%E2%80%931999\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)\") [2000–present](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(2000%E2%80%93present\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)\") [Organizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize\") [PRIO Director's Shortlist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PRIO_Director%27s_Shortlist \"PRIO Director's Shortlist\") [Controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies \"Nobel Peace Prize controversies\") |\n| [By year](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates \"List of Nobel laureates\") | [1901](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1901 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1964](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1964 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1965](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1965 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1967](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1967 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1968](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1968 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1969](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1969 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1970](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1970 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1971](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1971 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1973](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1973 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2005](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2005 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2007](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2007 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2009](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2009 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2010](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2010 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2011](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2011 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2012](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2012 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2013](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2013 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2014](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2014 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2015](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2015 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2016](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2016 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2017](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2017 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2018](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2018 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2019 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2020 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2021 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2022 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2023 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2024](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2024 Nobel Peace Prize\") [2025](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates\")[Laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\") of the [Nobel Peace Prize]() |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| 1901–1925 | [1901](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1901 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Henry Dunant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Dunant \"Henry Dunant\") \/ [Frédéric Passy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy \"Frédéric Passy\") 1902: [Élie Ducommun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89lie_Ducommun \"Élie Ducommun\") \/ [Charles Gobat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Albert_Gobat \"Charles Albert Gobat\") 1903: [Randal Cremer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Randal_Cremer \"Randal Cremer\") 1904: [Institute of International Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institute_of_International_Law \"Institute of International Law\") 1905: [Bertha von Suttner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bertha_von_Suttner \"Bertha von Suttner\") 1906: [Theodore Roosevelt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodore_Roosevelt \"Theodore Roosevelt\") 1907: [Ernesto Moneta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta \"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\") \/ [Louis Renault](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Renault_\\(jurist\\) \"Louis Renault (jurist)\") 1908: [Klas Arnoldson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson \"Klas Pontus Arnoldson\") \/ [Fredrik Bajer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fredrik_Bajer \"Fredrik Bajer\") 1909: [A. M. F. Beernaert](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Auguste_Beernaert \"Auguste Beernaert\") \/ [Paul Estournelles de Constant](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant \"Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant\") 1910: [International Peace Bureau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Peace_Bureau \"International Peace Bureau\") 1911: [Tobias Asser](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tobias_Asser \"Tobias Asser\") \/ [Alfred Fried](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Hermann_Fried \"Alfred Hermann Fried\") 1912: [Elihu Root](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elihu_Root \"Elihu Root\") 1913: [Henri La Fontaine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_La_Fontaine \"Henri La Fontaine\") 1914 1915 1916 1917: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") 1918 1919: [Woodrow Wilson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Woodrow_Wilson \"Woodrow Wilson\") 1920: [Léon Bourgeois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois \"Léon Bourgeois\") 1921: [Hjalmar Branting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hjalmar_Branting \"Hjalmar Branting\") \/ [Christian Lange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christian_Lous_Lange \"Christian Lous Lange\") 1922: [Fridtjof Nansen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fridtjof_Nansen \"Fridtjof Nansen\") 1923 1924 1925: [Austen Chamberlain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austen_Chamberlain \"Austen Chamberlain\") \/ [Charles Dawes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_G._Dawes \"Charles G. Dawes\") | ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Nobel_Prize.png\/120px-Nobel_Prize.png) |\n| 1926–1950 | 1926: [Aristide Briand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aristide_Briand \"Aristide Briand\") \/ [Gustav Stresemann](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_Stresemann \"Gustav Stresemann\") 1927: [Ferdinand Buisson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferdinand_Buisson \"Ferdinand Buisson\") \/ [Ludwig Quidde](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_Quidde \"Ludwig Quidde\") 1928 1929: [Frank B. Kellogg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frank_B._Kellogg \"Frank B. Kellogg\") 1930: [Nathan Söderblom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom \"Nathan Söderblom\") 1931: [Jane Addams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jane_Addams \"Jane Addams\") \/ [Nicholas Butler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_Murray_Butler \"Nicholas Murray Butler\") 1932 1933: [Norman Angell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Angell \"Norman Angell\") 1934: [Arthur Henderson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arthur_Henderson \"Arthur Henderson\") 1935: [Carl von Ossietzky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_von_Ossietzky \"Carl von Ossietzky\") 1936: [Carlos Saavedra Lamas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas \"Carlos Saavedra Lamas\") 1937: [Robert Cecil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood \"Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood\") 1938: [Nansen International Office for Refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees \"Nansen International Office for Refugees\") 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") 1945: [Cordell Hull](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cordell_Hull \"Cordell Hull\") 1946: [Emily Balch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emily_Greene_Balch \"Emily Greene Balch\") \/ [John Mott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Mott \"John Mott\") 1947: [Friends Service Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness \"Quaker Peace and Social Witness\") \/ [American Friends Service Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/American_Friends_Service_Committee \"American Friends Service Committee\") 1948 1949: [John Boyd Orr](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Boyd_Orr \"John Boyd Orr\") 1950: [Ralph Bunche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ralph_Bunche \"Ralph Bunche\") |   |\n| 1951–1975 | 1951: [Léon Jouhaux](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux \"Léon Jouhaux\") 1952: [Albert Schweitzer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Schweitzer \"Albert Schweitzer\") 1953: [George C. Marshall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_C._Marshall \"George C. Marshall\") 1954: [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees \"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\") 1955 1956 1957: [Lester B. Pearson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lester_B._Pearson \"Lester B. Pearson\") 1958: [Georges Pire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominique_Pire \"Dominique Pire\") 1959: [Philip Noel-Baker](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Noel-Baker \"Philip Noel-Baker\") 1960: [Albert Luthuli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Luthuli \"Albert Luthuli\") 1961: [Dag Hammarskjöld](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld \"Dag Hammarskjöld\") 1962: [Linus Pauling](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Linus_Pauling \"Linus Pauling\") 1963: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") \/ [League of Red Cross Societies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies \"International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies\") [1964](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1964 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Martin Luther King Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. \"Martin Luther King Jr.\") [1965](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1965 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [UNICEF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UNICEF \"UNICEF\") [1966](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1966 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1967](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1967 Nobel Peace Prize\") [1968](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1968 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [René Cassin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin \"René Cassin\") [1969](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1969 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [International Labour Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Labour_Organization \"International Labour Organization\") [1970](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1970 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Norman Borlaug](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norman_Borlaug \"Norman Borlaug\") [1971](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1971 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Willy Brandt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Willy_Brandt \"Willy Brandt\") 1972 [1973](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1973 Nobel Peace Prize\"): *[Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D \"Lê Đức Thọ\") (declined award)* \/ [Henry Kissinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Kissinger \"Henry Kissinger\") 1974: [Seán MacBride](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride \"Seán MacBride\") \/ [Eisaku Satō](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D \"Eisaku Satō\") 1975: [Andrei Sakharov](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrei_Sakharov \"Andrei Sakharov\") |   |\n| 1976–2000 | 1976: [Betty Williams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Betty_Williams \"Betty Williams\") \/ [Mairead Corrigan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mairead_Maguire \"Mairead Maguire\") 1977: [Amnesty International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amnesty_International \"Amnesty International\") 1978: [Anwar Sadat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Sadat \"Anwar Sadat\") \/ [Menachem Begin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menachem_Begin \"Menachem Begin\") 1979: [Mother Teresa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mother_Teresa \"Mother Teresa\") 1980: [Adolfo Pérez Esquivel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel \"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel\") 1981: [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees \"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\") 1982: [Alva Myrdal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alva_Myrdal \"Alva Myrdal\") \/ [Alfonso García Robles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles \"Alfonso García Robles\") 1983: [Lech Wałęsa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa \"Lech Wałęsa\") 1984: [Desmond Tutu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desmond_Tutu \"Desmond Tutu\") 1985: [International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War \"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War\") 1986: [Elie Wiesel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elie_Wiesel \"Elie Wiesel\") 1987: [Óscar Arias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%93scar_Arias \"Óscar Arias\") 1988: [UN Peacekeeping Forces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_peacekeeping \"United Nations peacekeeping\") 1989: [Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Dalai_Lama \"14th Dalai Lama\") 1990: [Mikhail Gorbachev](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev \"Mikhail Gorbachev\") 1991: [Aung San Suu Kyi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi \"Aung San Suu Kyi\") 1992: [Rigoberta Menchú](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA \"Rigoberta Menchú\") 1993: [Nelson Mandela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nelson_Mandela \"Nelson Mandela\") \/ [F. W. de Klerk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/F._W._de_Klerk \"F. W. de Klerk\") 1994: [Shimon Peres](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shimon_Peres \"Shimon Peres\") \/ [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin \"Yitzhak Rabin\") \/ [Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat \"Yasser Arafat\") 1995: [Pugwash Conferences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs \"Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs\") \/ [Joseph Rotblat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Rotblat \"Joseph Rotblat\") 1996: [Carlos Belo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo \"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo\") \/ [José Ramos-Horta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta \"José Ramos-Horta\") 1997: [International Campaign to Ban Landmines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines \"International Campaign to Ban Landmines\") \/ [Jody Williams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jody_Williams \"Jody Williams\") 1998: [John Hume](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Hume \"John Hume\") \/ [David Trimble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Trimble \"David Trimble\") 1999: [Médecins Sans Frontières](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res \"Médecins Sans Frontières\") 2000: [Kim Dae-jung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Dae-jung \"Kim Dae-jung\") |   |\n| 2001–present | [2001](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2001 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations \"United Nations\") \/ [Kofi Annan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kofi_Annan \"Kofi Annan\") [2002](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2002 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter \"Jimmy Carter\") [2003](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2003 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Shirin Ebadi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shirin_Ebadi \"Shirin Ebadi\") [2004](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2004 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Wangarĩ Maathai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wangar%C4%A9_Maathai \"Wangarĩ Maathai\") [2005](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2005 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [International Atomic Energy Agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency \"International Atomic Energy Agency\") \/ [Mohamed ElBaradei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mohamed_ElBaradei \"Mohamed ElBaradei\") [2006](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2006 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Grameen Bank](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grameen_Bank \"Grameen Bank\") \/ [Muhammad Yunus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Muhammad_Yunus \"Muhammad Yunus\") [2007](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2007 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Al Gore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al_Gore \"Al Gore\") \/ [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change \"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\") [2008](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2008 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Martti Ahtisaari](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martti_Ahtisaari \"Martti Ahtisaari\") [2009](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2009 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") [2010](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2010 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Liu Xiaobo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Xiaobo \"Liu Xiaobo\") [2011](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2011 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Ellen Johnson Sirleaf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf \"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\") \/ [Leymah Gbowee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leymah_Gbowee \"Leymah Gbowee\") \/ [Tawakkol Karman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tawakkol_Karman \"Tawakkol Karman\") [2012](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2012 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\") [2013](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2013 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons \"Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons\") [2014](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2014 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Kailash Satyarthi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kailash_Satyarthi \"Kailash Satyarthi\") \/ [Malala Yousafzai](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malala_Yousafzai \"Malala Yousafzai\") [2015](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2015 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet \"Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet\") [2016](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2016 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Juan Manuel Santos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Juan_Manuel_Santos \"Juan Manuel Santos\") [2017](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2017 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons \"International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons\") [2018](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2018 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Denis Mukwege](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denis_Mukwege \"Denis Mukwege\") \/ [Nadia Murad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nadia_Murad \"Nadia Murad\") [2019](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2019 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Abiy Ahmed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abiy_Ahmed \"Abiy Ahmed\") [2020](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2020 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [World Food Programme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Food_Programme \"World Food Programme\") [2021](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2021 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Maria Ressa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maria_Ressa \"Maria Ressa\") \/ [Dmitry Muratov](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dmitry_Muratov \"Dmitry Muratov\") [2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2022 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Ales Bialiatski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ales_Bialiatski \"Ales Bialiatski\") \/ [Memorial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Memorial_\\(society\\) \"Memorial (society)\") \/ [Center for Civil Liberties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_\\(human_rights_organization\\) \"Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)\") [2023](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2023 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Narges Mohammadi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Narges_Mohammadi \"Narges Mohammadi\") [2024](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2024 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [Nihon Hidankyo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nihon_Hidankyo \"Nihon Hidankyo\") [2025](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\"): [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Nobel_Prizes \"Template:Nobel Prizes\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Nobel_Prizes \"Template talk:Nobel Prizes\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel_Prizes \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Nobel Prizes\")[Nobel Prizes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize \"Nobel Prize\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| [Lists of Nobel laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lists_of_Nobel_laureates \"Lists of Nobel laureates\") [Nobel Prize medal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_medal \"Nobel Prize medal\") |   |   |\n| Prizes | [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry \"Nobel Prize in Chemistry\") [Economics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences \"Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences\")1 [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature \"Nobel Prize in Literature\") [Peace]() [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics \"Nobel Prize in Physics\") [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine \"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine\") | [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Nobel_Prize.png\/120px-Nobel_Prize.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nobel_Prize.png) |\n| [Laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates \"List of Nobel laureates\") |   |   |\n|   |   |   |\n| by occupation [Heads of state and government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_Nobel_laureates \"List of heads of state and government Nobel laureates\") [by year](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates \"List of Nobel laureates\") |   |   |\n| by subject | [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry \"List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry\") [Economics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences \"List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences\")1 [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature \"List of Nobel laureates in Literature\") [Peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\") [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics \"List of Nobel laureates in Physics\") [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine \"List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine\") |   |\n| by population group |   |   |\n|   |   |   |\n| [Bengali](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Bengali_Nobel_laureates \"List of Bengali Nobel laureates\") [Black](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_black_Nobel_laureates \"List of black Nobel laureates\") [Christian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Christian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Christian Nobel laureates\") [Female](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_female_Nobel_laureates \"List of female Nobel laureates\") [Jewish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Jewish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Jewish Nobel laureates\") [Latin American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Latin_American_Nobel_laureates \"List of Latin American Nobel laureates\") [Non-religious](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nonreligious_Nobel_laureates \"List of nonreligious Nobel laureates\") |   |   |\n| by continent and [nationality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country \"List of Nobel laureates by country\") | [African](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_African_Nobel_laureates \"List of African Nobel laureates\") [Egyptian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Egyptian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Egyptian Nobel laureates and nominees\") [South African](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_South_African_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of South African Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Asian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Asian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Asian Nobel laureates\") [Armenian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Armenian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Armenian Nobel laureates\") [Chinese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates \"List of Chinese Nobel laureates\") [Filipino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees_in_the_Philippines \"List of Nobel laureates and nominees in the Philippines\") [Indian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Indian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Indian Nobel laureates\") [Israeli](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Israeli_Nobel_laureates \"List of Israeli Nobel laureates\") [Japanese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Japanese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Japanese Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Korean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Korean_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Korean Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Pakistani](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Pakistani_Nobel_laureates \"List of Pakistani Nobel laureates\") [Turkish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Turkish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Turkish Nobel laureates\") [Vietnamese](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Vietnamese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Vietnamese Nobel laureates and nominees\") European [Belgian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Belgian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Belgian Nobel laureates\") [Danish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Danish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Danish Nobel laureates\") [German](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_German_Nobel_laureates \"List of German Nobel laureates\") [Greek](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Greek_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Greek Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Hungarian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Hungarian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Hungarian Nobel laureates\") [Irish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Irish_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Irish Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Italian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Italian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Italian Nobel laureates\") [Polish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Polish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Polish Nobel laureates\") [Romanian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Romanian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Romanian Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Russian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Russian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Russian Nobel laureates\") [Spanish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Spanish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Spanish Nobel laureates\") [Swedish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Swedish_Nobel_laureates \"List of Swedish Nobel laureates\") [Swiss](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Swiss_Nobel_laureates \"List of Swiss Nobel laureates\") [Welsh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Welsh_Nobel_laureates \"List of Welsh Nobel laureates\") Oceanian [Australian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Australian_Nobel_laureates \"List of Australian Nobel laureates\") North American [American](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_Nobel_laureates \"List of American Nobel laureates\") [Mexican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Mexican_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Mexican Nobel laureates and nominees\") South American [Argentine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Argentine_Nobel_laureates \"List of Argentine Nobel laureates\") [Brazilian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Brazilian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees \"List of Brazilian Nobel laureates and nominees\") [Venezuelan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Venezuelan_Nobel_laureates \"List of Venezuelan Nobel laureates\") |   |\n| [by university](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation \"List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation\") | [City University of New York](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_the_City_University_of_New_York_as_alumni_or_faculty \"List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the City University of New York as alumni or faculty\") [Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Columbia_University_as_alumni_or_faculty \"List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty\") [ETH Zurich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_ETH_Zurich_people#Nobel_Prize_winners \"List of ETH Zurich people\") [Harvard University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Harvard_University_people#Nobel_laureates \"List of Harvard University people\") [Princeton University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Princeton_University_as_alumni_or_faculty \"List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty\") [Washington University in St. Louis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis_as_alumni_or_faculty \"List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty\") |   |\n| Nominees |   |   |\n|   |   |   |\n| [Catholic priests and religious](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Catholic_priests_and_religious_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize \"List of Catholic priests and religious awarded the Nobel Prize\") [Heads of state and government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_Nobel_nominees \"List of heads of state and government Nobel nominees\") [Couples](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_couples_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize \"List of couples awarded the Nobel Prize\") [Women](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_female_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize \"List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize\") |   |   |\n| by subject | Chemistry [1901–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry \"List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry\") Economics1 [1901–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1 \"List of nominees for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics (page does not exist)\") Literature [1901–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_\\(1901%E2%80%931999\\) \"List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (1901–1999)\") [2000–present](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_\\(2000%E2%80%93present\\) \"List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (2000–present)\") Peace Individuals [1900–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(1900%E2%80%931999\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)\") [2000–present](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\\(2000%E2%80%93present\\) \"List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)\") [Organizations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize\") Physics [1901–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics \"List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physics\") Physiology or Medicine [1901–1999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_\\(1901%E2%80%931999\\) \"List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1901–1999)\") |   |\n| by groups |   |   |\n|   |   |   |\n| Peace [AFSC Nobel nominees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_American_Friends_Service_Committee_Nobel_nominees \"List of American Friends Service Committee Nobel nominees\") [PRIO Director's Shortlist](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PRIO_Director%27s_Shortlist \"PRIO Director's Shortlist\") |   |   |\n| by [Clarivate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clarivate_Citation_Laureates \"Clarivate Citation Laureates\") | [Female](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_female_Clarivate_Citation_laureates \"List of female Clarivate Citation laureates\") [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Chemistry \"List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Chemistry\") [Economics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences \"List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Economic Sciences\")1 [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physics \"List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physics\") [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine \"List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physiology or Medicine\") |   |\n| Organisations | [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\") [Nobel Committees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee \"Nobel Committee\") [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee_for_Chemistry \"Nobel Committee for Chemistry\") [Economics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Committee_for_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_in_Memory_of_Alfred_Nobel \"Committee for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel\")1 [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee_for_Literature \"Nobel Committee for Literature\") [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee_for_Physics \"Nobel Committee for Physics\") [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee_for_Physiology_or_Medicine \"Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine\") [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\") [Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Assembly_at_the_Karolinska_Institute \"Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute\") |   |\n| Related | [Controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_controversies \"Nobel Prize controversies\") [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_controversies \"Nobel Prize in Literature controversies\") [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_controversies \"Nobel Prize in Physics controversies\") [Peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies \"Nobel Peace Prize controversies\") [Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\") [Björkborn Manor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bj%C3%B6rkborn_Manor \"Björkborn Manor\") [Nobel Banquet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Banquet \"Nobel Banquet\") [Nobel Laboratory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Laboratory \"Nobel Laboratory\") [Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lindau_Nobel_Laureate_Meetings \"Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings\") [Nobel Monument](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Monument \"Nobel Monument\") [World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Summit_of_Nobel_Peace_Laureates \"World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates\") [Prizes known as the \"Nobel\" of their fields](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field \"List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field\") |   |\n| 1 Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes). |   |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nNobel Peace Prize\n\n119 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[![Extended-protected article](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Extended-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended \"This article is extended-confirmed-protected\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n| Nobel Peace Prize |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c0\/President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg\/250px-President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_\\(34208881752\\).jpg)[Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter \"Jimmy Carter\")'s 2002 Nobel Peace Prize |   |\n| Awarded for | Outstanding contributions to [peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace \"Peace\"): arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1) |\n| Location | [Oslo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo \"Oslo\"), Norway |\n| Presented by | [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\") on behalf of the estate of [Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\") |\n| Rewards | 11 million [SEK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\") (2023)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-2)  10 million SEK (2022)[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) |\n| First award | 10 December 1901; 124 years ago[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-4) |\n| Most recent recipient | [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\") [(2025)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") |\n| Most awards | [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") (3) |\n| Website | [nobelprize.org\/peace](https:\/\/nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/) |\n| ← [2024](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2024 Nobel Peace Prize\") **·** [2025](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") **·** [2026](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2026_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2026 Nobel Peace Prize\") → |   |\n\nThe **Nobel Peace Prize**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-5) is one of the five [Nobel Prizes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize \"Nobel Prize\") established by the [will](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Will_and_testament \"Will and testament\") of [Swedish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden \"Sweden\") industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer [Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\"), along with the prizes in [Chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry \"Nobel Prize in Chemistry\"), [Physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics \"Nobel Prize in Physics\"), [Physiology or Medicine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine \"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine\"), and [Literature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature \"Nobel Prize in Literature\").\n\nSince March 1901,[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-6) it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have \"done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of [peace congresses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace_congress \"Peace congress\")\".[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-7) *The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History* describes it as \"the most prestigious prize in the world\".[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-8)\n\nIn accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\"), a five-member committee appointed by the [Parliament of Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Norway \"Parliament of Norway\") unlike all the other awards chosen by the [Swedish Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee \"Nobel Committee\"). The prize award ceremony has been held in [Oslo City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_City_Hall \"Oslo City Hall\") since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\") (1905–1946), and the [Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storting_building \"Storting building\") (1901–1904).\n\nDue to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been [subject to numerous controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Prize_controversies#Peace \"Nobel Prize controversies\"). The [most recent prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"2025 Nobel Peace Prize\") was awarded to [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\") \"for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of [Venezuela](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venezuela \"Venezuela\") and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy\".[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-9)\n\nBackground\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6e\/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg\/250px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)\n\n[Alfred Nobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alfred_Nobel \"Alfred Nobel\"), whose will established the Peace Prize\n\nAccording to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year \"shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses\".[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-10) Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-11)[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-12)\n\nNobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing [peace](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peace \"Peace\") as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for [chemistry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemistry \"Chemistry\") and [physics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Physics \"Physics\") were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with [Bertha von Suttner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bertha_von_Suttner \"Bertha von Suttner\"), a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included [dynamite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamite \"Dynamite\") and [ballistite](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ballistite \"Ballistite\"), both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-14) and the [Irish Republican Brotherhood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood \"Irish Republican Brotherhood\"), an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-15) Nobel was also instrumental in turning [Bofors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bofors \"Bofors\") from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.\n\nThere is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published [obituaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Obituaries \"Obituaries\") of Alfred by mistake.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-16) One French newspaper\\[*[which?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words \"Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words\")*\\] condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) The obituary supposedly stated, **Le marchand de la mort est mort** (\"The merchant of death is dead\"),[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) and went on to say, \"Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.\"[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-18)[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19)[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19) Although the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-janes-20)\n\nIt is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was [ruled](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Personal_union \"Personal union\") in [union with Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway \"Union between Sweden and Norway\") at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as [Sweden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden \"Sweden\"). It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the [Norwegian parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_parliament \"Norwegian parliament\") had become closely involved in the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Parliamentary_Union \"Inter-Parliamentary Union\")'s efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13)\n\nNomination and selection\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/92\/Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg\/250px-Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)\n\nThe [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\") in [Oslo, Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo \"Oslo\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg\/250px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)\n\nThe [14th Dalai Lama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14th_Dalai_Lama \"14th Dalai Lama\") and [Archbishop Desmond Tutu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Desmond_Tutu \"Desmond Tutu\"), Nobel Peace Prize laureates\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9a\/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg\/250px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_\\(GPO\\)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)\n\n[Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat \"Yasser Arafat\"), [Shimon Peres](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shimon_Peres \"Shimon Peres\") and [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin \"Yitzhak Rabin\") displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize\n\nThe [Norwegian Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Storting \"Storting\") appoints the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\"), which selects the [Nobel Peace Prize laureate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\").\n\nNomination\n\nEach year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-21) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) These nominators are:\n\n- Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inter-Parliamentary_Union \"Inter-Parliamentary Union\")\n- Members of the [Permanent Court of Arbitration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration \"Permanent Court of Arbitration\") and the [International Court of Justice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Court_of_Justice \"International Court of Justice\") at the Hague\n- Members of [Institut de Droit International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_de_Droit_International \"Institut de Droit International\")\n- Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history, [social sciences](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Social_science \"Social science\"), philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors\/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes\n- [Previous recipients](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates \"List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates\"), including board members of organizations that have received the prize\n- Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\n- Former permanent advisers to the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\")\n\nThe working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22)\n\nIn 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-23) but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-24) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-25) Over time, many individuals have become known as \"Nobel Peace Prize Nominees\", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-26) Indeed, in 1939, [Adolf Hitler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adolf_Hitler \"Adolf Hitler\") received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of [Neville Chamberlain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neville_Chamberlain \"Neville Chamberlain\").[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-27) Nominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-28)\n\nSelection\n\nNominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-selection-29)\n\nAwarding the prize\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG\/250px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)\n\nObverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal\n\nThe Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the [King of Norway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monarchy_of_Norway \"Monarchy of Norway\") and the [Norwegian royal family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_royal_family \"Norwegian royal family\") on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in [Stockholm](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stockholm \"Stockholm\"). The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-30) The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were [on the order of](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/On_the_order_of \"On the order of\") roughly 10 million [SEK](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_krona \"Swedish krona\"), which translated to roughly 1 million USD.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3)\n\nSince 1990, the ceremony has taken place at [Oslo City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oslo_City_Hall \"Oslo City Hall\"). From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the [University of Oslo Faculty of Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo \"Faculty of Law, University of Oslo\"), a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute \"Norwegian Nobel Institute\"). From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the *[Storting](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Norway_Building \"Parliament of Norway Building\")* (Parliament).[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-31)\n\nMedal\n\nThe medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor [Gustav Vigeland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustav_Vigeland \"Gustav Vigeland\") in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from [Erik Lindberg](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Erik_Lindberg \"Erik Lindberg\")'s profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The [dies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Die_\\(manufacturing\\) \"Die (manufacturing)\") for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription \"*Pro pace et fraternitate gentium*\" (\"For the peace and brotherhood of men\").[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and \"Prix Nobel de la Paix\".[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32)\n\nLaureates\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/69\/Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg\/250px-Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)\n\nView of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001, [United Nations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations \"United Nations\")\n\nAs of October 2023, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the [International Committee of the Red Cross](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross \"International Committee of the Red Cross\") has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the [Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees \"United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees\") has won twice (1954 and 1981).[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Nobel_facts22-33) [Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D \"Lê Đức Thọ\") is the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-34)\n\nCriticism\n\nSome commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35) or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35)[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-36) Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Murphy-37) Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-38)\n\nIn 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper *[Aftenposten](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aftenposten \"Aftenposten\")* contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Aftenposten20111004-39) In another 2011 *Aftenposten* opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-40) Author [Christopher Hitchens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Hitchens \"Christopher Hitchens\") called the Nobel Peace Prize \"a huge bore and a fraud\" in his memoir *[Hitch-22](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hitch-22 \"Hitch-22\")*.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-41)\n\nCriticism of individual conferments\n\n[![Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c3\/Jagland_and_Obama.jpg\/250px-Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)\n\n[Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\") with [Thorbjørn Jagland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland \"Thorbjørn Jagland\") at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony\n\nNobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-42) The awards given to [Mikhail Gorbachev](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mikhail_Gorbachev \"Mikhail Gorbachev\"),[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-43) [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin \"Yitzhak Rabin\"), [Shimon Peres](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shimon_Peres \"Shimon Peres\") and [Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yasser_Arafat \"Yasser Arafat\"),[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-44)[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-45) [Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D \"Lê Đức Thọ\"), [Henry Kissinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Kissinger \"Henry Kissinger\"),[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46) [Jimmy Carter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jimmy_Carter \"Jimmy Carter\"),[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-47) [Barack Obama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barack_Obama \"Barack Obama\"),[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-48)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-49)[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-50)[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-51) [Abiy Ahmed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abiy_Ahmed \"Abiy Ahmed\"),[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-52)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-53)[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-54) the [European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Union \"European Union\"),[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-55) and [María Corina Machado](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado \"María Corina Machado\")[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-56) have all been the subject of controversy. The [1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize \"1973 Nobel Peace Prize\") may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46)[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-57)[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-58)[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nobelcontroversies-59)[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-review-60)\n\nNotable omissions\n\n*[Foreign Policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Policy \"Foreign Policy\")* has listed [Corazon Aquino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corazon_Aquino \"Corazon Aquino\"), [Mahatma Gandhi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mahatma_Gandhi \"Mahatma Gandhi\"), [Eleanor Roosevelt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eleanor_Roosevelt \"Eleanor Roosevelt\"), [Václav Havel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/V%C3%A1clav_Havel \"Václav Havel\"), and [Ken Saro-Wiwa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ken_Saro-Wiwa \"Ken Saro-Wiwa\") as people who \"never won the prize, but should have.\"[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-61)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-62) The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-64) The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-65) The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)\n\n[Geir Lundestad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geir_Lundestad \"Geir Lundestad\"), Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, \"The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question.\"[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-66) In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that \"there was no suitable living candidate\" that year. Later, when the [Dalai Lama](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dalai_Lama \"Dalai Lama\") was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was \"in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi\".[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-67)\n\nSee also\n\n- [Gandhi Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gandhi_Peace_Prize \"Gandhi Peace Prize\") – Annual award by the Indian government\n- [Lenin Peace Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lenin_Peace_Prize \"Lenin Peace Prize\") – Soviet state award for international recipients\n- [Sakharov Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakharov_Prize \"Sakharov Prize\") – European award for human rights\n- [Ibrahim Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ibrahim_Prize \"Ibrahim Prize\") – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy\n\nNotes\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-5)** [Swedish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swedish_language \"Swedish language\") and [Norwegian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_language \"Norwegian language\"): *Nobels fredspris*\n\nReferences\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize\/). The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231215111745\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize\/) from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor\"](https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/nobel-prize-increase-award-amount-122839c6c00d7659f60f4676004c89eb). Associated Press. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-1)\n   Morris, Chris (5 October 2022). [\"Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect\"](https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/10\/05\/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward\/). *[Fortune](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortune_\\(magazine\\) \"Fortune (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20231211051240\/https:\/\/fortune.com\/2022\/10\/05\/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward\/) from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html). *www.nobelprize.org*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070102153041\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html) from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2017.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"The Nobel Peace Prize 1901\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070102153041\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. 1972. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1901\/address.html) on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2016.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-7)** \"Nobel Peace Prize\", *The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History*\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-8)**\n   Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008), [\"Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001\/acref-9780199295678-e-1700), *A Dictionary of Contemporary World History*, Oxford University Press, [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199295678.001.0001), [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n   \n   [978-0-19-929567-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-929567-8 \"Special:BookSources\/978-0-19-929567-8\")\n   \n   , [archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240329133109\/https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/display\/10.1093\/acref\/9780199295678.001.0001\/acref-9780199295678-e-1700) from the original on 29 March 2024, retrieved 6 April 2023\n   \n   `{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN \"Category:CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN\"))\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/articles\/nobels-fredspris-2025-1). *www.nobelpeaceprize.org*. 2 October 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-10)**\n   [\"Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred_nobel\/will\/will-full.html). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180815060015\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/alfred_nobel\/will\/will-full.html) from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2008.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-11)**\n    Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012). [*Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World*](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/peacetheysayhist0000nord). Encounter Books. p. [24](https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/peacetheysayhist0000nord\/page\/24). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781594035999](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781594035999 \"Special:BookSources\/9781594035999\")\n    \n    .\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-12)**\n    Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015). [\"Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy \\| In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress\"](https:\/\/blogs.loc.gov\/law\/2015\/12\/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy\/). *blogs.loc.gov*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190327195227\/https:\/\/blogs.loc.gov\/law\/2015\/12\/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy\/) from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-1)\n    [\"Why Norway?\"](https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/History\/Why-Norway). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181105210706\/https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/History\/Why-Norway) from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2009.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-14)** Altman, L. (2006). [Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/09\/26\/health\/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160130124239\/http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2006\/09\/26\/health\/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) 30 January 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). *New York Times*. Retrieved 14 October 2006.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-15)** [BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/easterrising\/profiles\/po17.shtml) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240301195334\/https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/history\/british\/easterrising\/profiles\/po17.shtml) 1 March 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") *BBC*\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-16)**\n    Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020). [\"Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?\"](https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize). *[History Channel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_Channel \"History Channel\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231130142424\/https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688\/) from the original on 30 November 2023.\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-2)\n    [\"Alfred Nobel\"](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Alfred-Nobel). *[Encyclopædia Britannica](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica \"Encyclopædia Britannica\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150502193629\/http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/EBchecked\/topic\/416842\/Alfred-Bernhard-Nobel) from the original on 2 May 2015.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-18)**\n    Makovsky, Ken (11 July 2011). [\"Nobel: How He Built His Reputation\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kenmakovsky\/2011\/11\/07\/nobel-how-he-built-his-reputation\/). *[Forbes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes \"Forbes\")*.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-1)\n    Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013). [\"Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes\"](https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688\/). *[Smithsonian Magazine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smithsonian_Magazine \"Smithsonian Magazine\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20231130142424\/https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688\/) from the original on 30 November 2023.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-janes_20-0)**\n    Janes, Joseph (26 May 2017). [*Documents That Changed the Way We Live*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=a6-zDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108). Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-1-5381-0034-9](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-5381-0034-9 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1-5381-0034-9\")\n    \n    .\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-21)**\n    [\"Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090830181941\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/index.html). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/index.html) on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.\n21. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-1)\n    [\"Who may submit nominations?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130630174311\/http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/who-can-nominate\/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/who-can-nominate\/) on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2009.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-23)**\n    [\"President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/eu_nobel_peace). Associated Press on yahoo.com. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091012065130\/http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/eu_nobel_peace) from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111011080517\/http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/nomination-2011\/). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/nomination-2011\/) on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2011.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"Confidentiality\"](https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/Nomination\/Confidentiality). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210812101133\/https:\/\/www.nobelpeaceprize.org\/Nomination\/Confidentiality) from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-26)**\n    [\"Who may submit nominations – Nobels fredspris\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/nomination\/#nominators). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130517131628\/http:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/nomination\/#nominators) from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-27)**\n    Merelli, Annelise (7 October 2016). [\"The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/qz.com\/803976\/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt\/). *Qz.com*. Quartz Media. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171111151741\/https:\/\/qz.com\/803976\/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt\/) from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"Nomination Archive\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nomination\/archive\/list.php?prize=5). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). April 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210202004848\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nomination\/archive\/list.php?prize=5) from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-selection_29-0)**\n    [\"How are Laureates selected?\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090831032749\/http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/selection-process). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/en_GB\/nomination_committee\/selection-process\/) on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-30)**\n    [\"What the Nobel Laureates Receive\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071030033639\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/award_ceremonies\/prize.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/award_ceremonies\/prize.html) on 30 October 2007.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Prisutdelingen \\| Nobels fredspris\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121104042251\/http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/nb_NO\/about_peaceprize\/award_ceremony\/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/nb_NO\/about_peaceprize\/award_ceremony\/) on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.\n31. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-NobelPeace_32-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-NobelPeace_32-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-NobelPeace_32-2)\n    [\"The Nobel Peace Prize Medal\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190305164617\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/facts\/the-nobel-peace-prize-medal\/). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/facts\/the-nobel-peace-prize-medal\/) on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2023.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Nobel_facts22_33-0)**\n    [\"Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/facts\/facts-on-the-nobel-peace-prize\/). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210430064031\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/facts\/facts-on-the-nobel-peace-prize\/) from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2022.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-34)**\n    Rothman, Lily (9 October 2015). [\"Why a Nobel Peace Prize Was Once Rejected\"](https:\/\/time.com\/4061794\/nobel-peace-prize-winner-history\/). *[Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_\\(magazine\\) \"Time (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20161021021921\/http:\/\/time.com\/4061794\/nobel-peace-prize-winner-history\/) from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.\n34. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-reuters.com_35-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-reuters.com_35-1)\n    Nichols, Michelle (9 October 2009). [\"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nobel-peace-usa-sb-idUKTRE5983AM20091009). *Reuters*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170510083841\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-nobel-peace-usa-sb-idUKTRE5983AM20091009) from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-36)**\n    Taylor, Adam (17 September 2015). [\"Obama's peace prize didn't have the desired effect, former Nobel official reveals\"](https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/09\/17\/obamas-nobel-peace-prize-didnt-have-the-desired-effect-former-nobel-official-reveals\/). *[The Washington Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Washington_Post \"The Washington Post\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160213121919\/https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/worldviews\/wp\/2015\/09\/17\/obamas-nobel-peace-prize-didnt-have-the-desired-effect-former-nobel-official-reveals\/) from the original on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2023.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Murphy_37-0)**\n    Murphy, Clare (10 August 2004). [\"The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?\"](https:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/3724734.stm). *BBC online*. BBC News. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130913050013\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/middle_east\/3724734.stm) from the original on 13 September 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2009.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-38)**\n    KREBS, RONALD R. (Winter 2009–10). \"The False Promise of the Nobel Peace Prize\". *Political Science Quarterly*. **124** (4): 593–625\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\\(identifier\\) \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1002\/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fj.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\\(identifier\\) \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [25655740](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25655740).\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Aftenposten20111004_39-0)**\n    [Aspøy, Arild](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arild_Asp%C3%B8y \"Arild Aspøy\") (4 October 2011). \"Fredsprisens gråsoner\". *Aftenposten* (in Norwegian). p. 4. \"Nobelkomiteen bør ta inn medlemmer med faglig og internasjonal bakgrunn... som gjøre en like god jobb som pensjonerte stortingsrepresentanter.\"\n39. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-40)**\n    Nobel, Michael (9 December 2011). [\"I strid med Nobels vilje\"](http:\/\/www.aftenposten.no\/meninger\/I-strid-med-Nobels-vilje-6717623.html). *Aftenposten* (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway. 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[ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [0-679-76725-8](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/0-679-76725-8 \"Special:BookSources\/0-679-76725-8\")\n    \n    .\n44. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-45)**\n    Gotlieb, Michael (24 October 1994). \"Arafat tarnishes the Nobel trophy\". *The San Diego Union – Tribune*. p. B7.\n45. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1973Times_46-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1973Times_46-1)\n    [\"Worldwide criticism of Nobel peace awards\"](https:\/\/login.thetimes.com\/?gotoUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Ftto%2Farchive%2Farticle%2F1973-10-18%2F6%2F6.html). *[The Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Times \"The Times\")*. London. 18 October 1973. 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Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-49)**\n    [\"Surprised, humbled Obama awarded Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091009114909\/http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/20091009\/ap_on_re_eu\/eu_nobel_peace). Associated Press. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/s\/ap\/20091009\/ap_on_re_eu\/eu_nobel_peace) on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009.\n49. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-50)**\n    Otterman, Sharon (9 October 2009), [\"World Reaction to a Nobel Surprise\"](https:\/\/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com\/2009\/10\/09\/world-reaction-to-a-nobel-surprise\/?hp#bozoanchor), *The New York Times*, [archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091013010920\/http:\/\/thelede.blogs.nytimes.com\/2009\/10\/09\/world-reaction-to-a-nobel-surprise\/?hp#bozoanchor) from the original on 13 October 2009, retrieved 9 October 2009\n50. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-51)**\n    [\"Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/GCA-BarackObama\/idUKTRE5983AM20091009?virtualBrandChannel=11621&sp=true). [Reuters.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuters.com \"Reuters.com\"). 9 October 2009. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20091012044415\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/GCA-BarackObama\/idUKTRE5983AM20091009?virtualBrandChannel=11621&sp=true) from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 28 August 2012.\n51. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-52)**\n    Walsh, Declan (15 December 2021). [\"The Nobel Peace Prize That Paved the Way for War\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/ethiopia-abiy-ahmed-nobel-war.html). *The New York Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211215101039\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/15\/world\/africa\/ethiopia-abiy-ahmed-nobel-war.html) from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n52. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-53)**\n    Anderson, Jon Lee (26 September 2022). [\"Did a Nobel Peace Laureate Stoke a Civil War?\"](https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/10\/03\/did-a-nobel-peace-laureate-stoke-a-civil-war). *The New Yorker*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240213083920\/https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2022\/10\/03\/did-a-nobel-peace-laureate-stoke-a-civil-war) from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n53. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-54)**\n    [\"Ethiopia's Abiy Ahmed: The Nobel Prize winner who went to war\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-43567007). *BBC News*. 11 October 2021. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191011155046\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-43567007) from the original on 11 October 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2024.\n54. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-55)**\n    Criscione, Valeria (7 December 2012). [\"Norwegian protesters say EU Nobel Peace Prize win devalues award\"](https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2012\/1207\/Norwegian-protesters-say-EU-Nobel-Peace-Prize-win-devalues-award). *Christian Science Monitor*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0882-7729](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0882-7729). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230108080132\/https:\/\/www.csmonitor.com\/World\/Europe\/2012\/1207\/Norwegian-protesters-say-EU-Nobel-Peace-Prize-win-devalues-award) from the original on 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.\n55. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-56)**\n    Glatsky, Genevieve; Libell, Henrik Pryser (9 December 2025). [\"Nobel Prize for Venezuelan Dissident Draws Criticism\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/12\/09\/world\/americas\/nobel-prize-venezuela.html). *[The New York Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_New_York_Times \"The New York Times\")*.\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"Helge Rognlien\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230211153249\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-helge-rognlien\/). *nobelprize.org*. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-helge-rognlien\/) on 11 February 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2025.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"Einar Hovdhaugen\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230212215126\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-einar-hovdhaugen\/). *nobelprize.org*. The Nobel Foundation. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/bio-einar-hovdhaugen\/) on 12 February 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2025.\n58. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nobelcontroversies_59-0)**\n    Tønnesson, Øyvind (29 June 2000). [\"Controversies and criticisms\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/controversies-and-criticisms\/). *[Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Committee \"Nobel Committee\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240226155737\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/controversies-and-criticisms\/) from the original on 26 February 2024.\n59. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-review_60-0)**\n    Nordlinger, Jay (30 November 2023). [\"Controversies and criticisms\"](https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/the-1973-nobel). *[The National Review](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_National_Review \"The National Review\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240226155933\/https:\/\/www.nationalreview.com\/corner\/the-1973-nobel\/) from the original on 26 February 2024.\n60. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-61)**\n    Kenner, David (7 October 2009). [\"Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100125073527\/http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2009\/10\/07\/nobel_peace_prize_also_rans). *[Foreign Policy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foreign_Policy \"Foreign Policy\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2009\/10\/07\/nobel_peace_prize_also_rans) on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2009.\n61. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-62)**\n    James, Frank (9 October 2009). [\"Nobel Peace Prize's Notable Omissions\"](https:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/thetwo-way\/2009\/10\/nobel_peace_prizes_notable_omi.html). *NPR*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150331054215\/http:\/\/www.npr.org\/blogs\/thetwo-way\/2009\/10\/nobel_peace_prizes_notable_omi.html) from the original on 31 March 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2011.\n62. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-gandhi_63-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-gandhi_63-1)\n    Tønnesson, Øyvind (7 July 2022). [\"Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate). [Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\"). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180920235427\/https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/themes\/mahatma-gandhi-the-missing-laureate\/) from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2022.\n63. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-64)**\n    [\"Your Questions About the Nobel Peace Prize!\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20070323125008\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/prize_announcements\/peace\/ask_questions.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prize_announcements\/peace\/ask_questions.html) on 23 March 2007.\n64. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-65)**\n    [\"The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–1956: Gandhi\"](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/nomination.php?key1=candname&log1=LIKE&string1=gandhi&action=advsearch&log10=OR&key2=candname&log2=LIKE&string2=&log11=OR&key3=candname&log3=LIKE&string3=&startyear=&endyear=&order1=year&order2=nomname&order3=cand1name&submit2.x=0&submit2.y=0&submit2=Go). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081207012955\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nomination\/peace\/nomination.php?key1=candname&log1=LIKE&string1=gandhi&action=advsearch&log10=OR&key2=candname&log2=LIKE&string2=&log11=OR&key3=candname&log3=LIKE&string3=&startyear=&endyear=&order1=year&order2=nomname&order3=cand1name&submit2.x=0&submit2.y=0&submit2=Go) from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.\n65. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-66)**\n    [\"Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110915025114\/http:\/\/www.icrs.ugm.ac.id\/wednesday-forum-schedule\/111-relevance-of-gandhian-philosophy-in-the-21st-century). Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.icrs.ugm.ac.id\/wednesday-forum-schedule\/111-relevance-of-gandhian-philosophy-in-the-21st-century) on 15 September 2011. Retrieved 15 September 2011.\n66. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-67)**\n    [\"Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee\"](http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1989\/presentation-speech.html). *[Nobel Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobel_Foundation \"Nobel Foundation\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110127192457\/http:\/\/nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/1989\/presentation-speech.html) from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2014.\n\nExternal links\n\n- [\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"](http:\/\/nobelpeaceprize.org\/) – Official webpage of the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee \"Norwegian Nobel Committee\")\n- [\"The Nobel Peace Prize\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/) at the official site of the Nobel Prize\n  - [\"All Nobel Laureates in Peace\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/nobel_prizes\/peace\/laureates\/index.html)\n  - [\"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies\"](https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/ceremonies\/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets\/)\n- [\"National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award.\"](http:\/\/www.idsia.ch\/~juergen\/pea.html) – From [J. Schmidhuber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber \"Jürgen Schmidhuber\") (2010): [Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140327012415\/http:\/\/www.idsia.ch\/~juergen\/nobelshare.html) at [arXiv:1009.2634v1](https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1009.2634)","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Nobel Peace Prize Jimmy Carter 's 2002 Nobel Peace Prize Awarded for Outstanding contributions to peace : arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace [ 1 ] Location Oslo , Norway Presented by Norwegian Nobel Committee on behalf of the estate of Alfred Nobel Rewards 11 million SEK (2023) [ 2 ] 10 million SEK (2022) [ 3 ] First award 10 December 1901 ; 124 years ago [ 4 ] Most recent recipient María Corina Machado (2025) Most awards International Committee of the Red Cross (3) Website nobelprize.org/peace ← 2024 · 2025 · 2026 → The Nobel Peace Prize [ a ] is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel , along with the prizes in Chemistry , Physics , Physiology or Medicine , and Literature . Since March 1901, [ 5 ] it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses ". [ 6 ] The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world". [ 7 ] In accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee , a five-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway unlike all the other awards chosen by the Swedish Nobel Committee . The prize award ceremony has been held in Oslo City Hall since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), Norwegian Nobel Institute (1905–1946), and the Parliament (1901–1904). Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been subject to numerous controversies . The most recent prize was awarded to María Corina Machado "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy". [ 8 ] Background Alfred Nobel , whose will established the Peace Prize According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". [ 9 ] Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner , a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category. [ 12 ] Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included dynamite and ballistite , both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war [ 13 ] and the Irish Republican Brotherhood , an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s. [ 14 ] Nobel was also instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company. There is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published obituaries of Alfred by mistake. [ 15 ] One French newspaper [ which? ] condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death. [ 16 ] The obituary supposedly stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead"), [ 16 ] and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday." [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 16 ] However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed. [ 18 ] Although the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth. [ 19 ] It is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden . It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union 's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration. [ 12 ] Nomination and selection The Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo, Norway The 14th Dalai Lama and Archbishop Desmond Tutu , Nobel Peace Prize laureates Yasser Arafat , Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize The Norwegian Parliament appoints the Norwegian Nobel Committee , which selects the Nobel Peace Prize laureate . Nomination Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. [ 20 ] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize. [ 21 ] These nominators are: Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Court of Justice at the Hague Members of Institut de Droit International Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history, social sciences , philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes Previous recipients , including board members of organizations that have received the prize Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee Former permanent advisers to the Norwegian Nobel Institute The working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline. [ 21 ] In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received, [ 22 ] but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations. [ 23 ] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded. [ 24 ] Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration. [ 25 ] Indeed, in 1939, Adolf Hitler received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of Neville Chamberlain . [ 26 ] Nominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database. [ 27 ] Selection Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October. [ 28 ] Awarding the prize Obverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway and the Norwegian royal family on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm . The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount. [ 29 ] The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were on the order of roughly 10 million SEK , which translated to roughly 1 million USD. [ 3 ] Since 1990, the ceremony has taken place at Oslo City Hall . From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law , a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute . From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the Storting (Parliament). [ 30 ] Medal The medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor Gustav Vigeland in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from Erik Lindberg 's profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The dies for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver. [ 31 ] The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription " Pro pace et fraternitate gentium " ("For the peace and brotherhood of men"). [ 31 ] The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and "Prix Nobel de la Paix". [ 31 ] Laureates View of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001, United Nations As of October 2023 , the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981). [ 32 ] Lê Đức Thọ is the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize. [ 33 ] Criticism Some commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements, [ 34 ] or with the intention of encouraging future achievements. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers. [ 36 ] Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics. [ 37 ] In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests. [ 38 ] In another 2011 Aftenposten opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will. [ 39 ] Author Christopher Hitchens called the Nobel Peace Prize "a huge bore and a fraud" in his memoir Hitch-22 . [ 40 ] Criticism of individual conferments Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony Nobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace. [ 41 ] The awards given to Mikhail Gorbachev , [ 42 ] Yitzhak Rabin , Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat , [ 43 ] [ 44 ] Lê Đức Thọ , Henry Kissinger , [ 45 ] Jimmy Carter , [ 46 ] Barack Obama , [ 47 ] [ 48 ] [ 49 ] [ 50 ] Abiy Ahmed , [ 51 ] [ 52 ] [ 53 ] the European Union , [ 54 ] and María Corina Machado [ 55 ] have all been the subject of controversy. The 1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press. [ 45 ] [ 56 ] [ 57 ] [ 58 ] [ 59 ] Notable omissions Foreign Policy has listed Corazon Aquino , Mahatma Gandhi , Eleanor Roosevelt , Václav Havel , and Ken Saro-Wiwa as people who "never won the prize, but should have." [ 60 ] [ 61 ] The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee. [ 62 ] [ 63 ] The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948. [ 64 ] The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee. [ 62 ] Geir Lundestad , Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question." [ 65 ] In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi". [ 66 ] See also Gandhi Peace Prize – Annual award by the Indian government Lenin Peace Prize – Soviet state award for international recipients Sakharov Prize – European award for human rights Ibrahim Prize – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy Notes ^ Swedish and Norwegian : Nobels fredspris References ^ "Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize" . The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ "Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor" . Associated Press. 15 September 2023 . Retrieved 11 September 2025 . ^ a b Morris, Chris (5 October 2022). "Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect" . Fortune . Archived from the original on 11 December 2023 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901" . www.nobelprize.org . Archived from the original on 2 January 2007 . Retrieved 29 October 2017 . ^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1901" . Nobel Foundation . 1972. Archived from the original on 2 January 2007 . Retrieved 19 March 2016 . ^ "Nobel Peace Prize", The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History ^ Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008), "Nobel Peace Prize" , A Dictionary of Contemporary World History , Oxford University Press, doi : 10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001 , ISBN 978-0-19-929567-8 , archived from the original on 29 March 2024 , retrieved 6 April 2023 {{ citation }} : CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ( link ) ^ "The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize" . www.nobelpeaceprize.org . 2 October 2025 . Retrieved 10 October 2025 . ^ "Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 15 August 2018 . Retrieved 31 March 2008 . ^ Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012). Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World . Encounter Books. p. 24 . ISBN 9781594035999 . ^ Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015). "Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy \| In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress" . blogs.loc.gov . Archived from the original on 27 March 2019 . Retrieved 12 March 2019 . ^ a b "Why Norway?" . The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from the original on 5 November 2018 . Retrieved 11 October 2009 . ^ Altman, L. (2006). Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen Archived 30 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine . New York Times . Retrieved 14 October 2006. ^ BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood Archived 1 March 2024 at the Wayback Machine BBC ^ Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020). "Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?" . History Channel . Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. ^ a b c "Alfred Nobel" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. ^ Makovsky, Ken (11 July 2011). "Nobel: How He Built His Reputation" . Forbes . ^ a b Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013). "Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes" . Smithsonian Magazine . Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. ^ Janes, Joseph (26 May 2017). Documents That Changed the Way We Live . Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. ISBN 978-1-5381-0034-9 . ^ "Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 30 August 2009 . Retrieved 10 September 2009 . ^ a b "Who may submit nominations?" . The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013 . Retrieved 10 September 2009 . ^ "President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize" . Associated Press on yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009 . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ "Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 11 October 2011 . Retrieved 7 October 2011 . ^ "Confidentiality" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 12 August 2021 . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . ^ "Who may submit nominations – Nobels fredspris" . Archived from the original on 17 May 2013 . Retrieved 10 October 2014 . ^ Merelli, Annelise (7 October 2016). "The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize" . Qz.com . Quartz Media. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017 . Retrieved 10 November 2017 . ^ "Nomination Archive" . Nobel Foundation . April 2020. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021 . Retrieved 9 September 2020 . ^ "How are Laureates selected?" . The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009 . Retrieved 10 September 2009 . ^ "What the Nobel Laureates Receive" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. ^ "Prisutdelingen \| Nobels fredspris" . The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 . Retrieved 13 October 2012 . ^ a b c "The Nobel Peace Prize Medal" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 5 March 2019 . Retrieved 20 June 2023 . ^ "Facts on the Nobel Peace Prize" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 30 April 2021 . Retrieved 9 October 2022 . ^ Rothman, Lily (9 October 2015). "Why a Nobel Peace Prize Was Once Rejected" . Time . Archived from the original on 21 October 2016 . Retrieved 16 October 2016 . ^ a b Nichols, Michelle (9 October 2009). "Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 10 May 2017 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ Taylor, Adam (17 September 2015). "Obama's peace prize didn't have the desired effect, former Nobel official reveals" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on 13 February 2016 . Retrieved 30 May 2023 . ^ Murphy, Clare (10 August 2004). "The Nobel: Dynamite or damp squib?" . BBC online . BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 September 2013 . Retrieved 11 October 2009 . ^ KREBS, RONALD R. (Winter 2009–10). "The False Promise of the Nobel Peace Prize". Political Science Quarterly . 124 (4): 593– 625. doi : 10.1002/j.1538-165X.2009.tb00660.x . JSTOR 25655740 . ^ Aspøy, Arild (4 October 2011). "Fredsprisens gråsoner". Aftenposten (in Norwegian). p. 4. Nobelkomiteen bør ta inn medlemmer med faglig og internasjonal bakgrunn... som gjøre en like god jobb som pensjonerte stortingsrepresentanter. ^ Nobel, Michael (9 December 2011). "I strid med Nobels vilje" . Aftenposten (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012 . Retrieved 12 December 2011 . ^ Hitchens, Christopher (2010). Hitch-22: A Memoir . p. 4. ISBN 9780446540346 . ^ "Controversies and criticisms" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 23 February 2024 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ Rule, Sheila (16 October 1990). "Gorbachev Gets Nobel Peace Prize For Foreign Police Achievements" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 11 January 2024 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ Said, Edward (1996). Peace and Its Discontents: Essays on Palestine in the Middle East Peace Process . Vintage. ISBN 0-679-76725-8 . ^ Gotlieb, Michael (24 October 1994). "Arafat tarnishes the Nobel trophy". The San Diego Union – Tribune . p. B7. ^ a b "Worldwide criticism of Nobel peace awards" . The Times . London. 18 October 1973. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021 . Retrieved 9 October 2021 . ^ Douglas G. Brinkley. The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey to the Nobel Peace Prize (1999) [ page needed ] ^ "Nobel chief regrets Obama peace prize" . BBC News . 17 September 2015. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ "Surprised, humbled Obama awarded Nobel Peace Prize" . Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009 . Retrieved 9 October 2009 . ^ Otterman, Sharon (9 October 2009), "World Reaction to a Nobel Surprise" , The New York Times , archived from the original on 13 October 2009 , retrieved 9 October 2009 ^ "Obama Peace Prize win has some Americans asking why?" . Reuters.com . 9 October 2009. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009 . Retrieved 28 August 2012 . ^ Walsh, Declan (15 December 2021). "The Nobel Peace Prize That Paved the Way for War" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on 15 December 2021 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ Anderson, Jon Lee (26 September 2022). "Did a Nobel Peace Laureate Stoke a Civil War?" . The New Yorker . Archived from the original on 13 February 2024 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ "Ethiopia's Abiy Ahmed: The Nobel Prize winner who went to war" . BBC News . 11 October 2021. Archived from the original on 11 October 2019 . Retrieved 29 March 2024 . ^ Criscione, Valeria (7 December 2012). "Norwegian protesters say EU Nobel Peace Prize win devalues award" . Christian Science Monitor . ISSN 0882-7729 . Archived from the original on 8 January 2023 . Retrieved 8 January 2023 . ^ Glatsky, Genevieve; Libell, Henrik Pryser (9 December 2025). "Nobel Prize for Venezuelan Dissident Draws Criticism" . The New York Times . ^ "Helge Rognlien" . nobelprize.org . The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 February 2023 . Retrieved 13 October 2025 . ^ "Einar Hovdhaugen" . nobelprize.org . The Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 February 2023 . Retrieved 13 October 2025 . ^ Tønnesson, Øyvind (29 June 2000). "Controversies and criticisms" . Nobel Committee . Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. ^ Nordlinger, Jay (30 November 2023). "Controversies and criticisms" . The National Review . Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. ^ Kenner, David (7 October 2009). "Nobel Peace Prize Also-Rans" . Foreign Policy . Archived from the original on 25 January 2010 . Retrieved 10 October 2009 . ^ James, Frank (9 October 2009). "Nobel Peace Prize's Notable Omissions" . NPR . Archived from the original on 31 March 2015 . Retrieved 12 December 2011 . ^ a b Tønnesson, Øyvind (7 July 2022). "Mahatma Gandhi, the Missing Laureate" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 20 September 2018 . Retrieved 8 July 2022 . ^ "Your Questions About the Nobel Peace Prize!" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 23 March 2007. ^ "The Nomination Database for the Nobel Peace Prize, 1901–1956: Gandhi" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 7 December 2008 . Retrieved 13 October 2008 . ^ "Relevance of Gandhian Philosophy in the 21st Century" . Archived from the original on 15 September 2011 . Retrieved 15 September 2011 . ^ "Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" . Nobel Foundation . Archived from the original on 27 January 2011 . Retrieved 10 October 2014 . External links "The Nobel Peace Prize" – Official webpage of the Norwegian Nobel Committee "The Nobel Peace Prize" at the official site of the Nobel Prize "All Nobel Laureates in Peace" "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" "National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award." – From J. Schmidhuber (2010): Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century at arXiv:1009.2634v1
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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize) - [1 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Background) - [2 Nomination and selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Nomination_and_selection) Toggle Nomination and selection subsection - [2\.1 Nomination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Nomination) - [2\.2 Selection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Selection) - [3 Awarding the prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Awarding_the_prize) - [4 Medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Medal) - [5 Laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Laureates) - [6 Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Criticism) Toggle Criticism subsection - [6\.1 Criticism of individual conferments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Criticism_of_individual_conferments) - [6\.2 Notable omissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Notable_omissions) - [7 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#See_also) - [8 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#Notes) - [9 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#References) - [10 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Nobel Peace Prize 119 languages - [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelprys_vir_Vrede "Nobelprys vir Vrede – Afrikaans") - [Alemannisch](https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensnobelpreis "Friedensnobelpreis – Alemannic") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 "جائزة نوبل للسلام – Arabic") - [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 "جايزة نوبل للسلام – Egyptian Arabic") - [অসমীয়া](https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A8%27%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE "শান্তি ন'বেল বঁটা – Assamese") - [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiu_Nobel_de_la_Paz "Premiu Nobel de la Paz – Asturian") - [अवधी](https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार – Awadhi") - [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Nobel%22_s%C3%BClh_m%C3%BCkafat%C4%B1 "\"Nobel\" sülh mükafatı – Azerbaijani") - [Boarisch](https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensnobelpreis "Friedensnobelpreis – Bavarian") - [Žemaitėška](https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuobel%C4%97_taikuos_prem%C4%97j%C4%97 "Nuobelė taikuos premėjė – Samogitian") - [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83 "Нобэлеўская прэмія міру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83 "Нобелеўская прэмія міру – Belarusian") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 "Нобелова награда за мир – Bulgarian") - [भोजपुरी](https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार – Bhojpuri") - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 "শান্তিতে নোবেল পুরস্কার – Bangla") - [བོད་ཡིག](https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8D "ནོར་བྷེལ་བྱ་དགའ། – Tibetan") - [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priz_Nobel_ar_Peoc%27h "Priz Nobel ar Peoc'h – Breton") - [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir "Nobelova nagrada za mir – Bosnian") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premi_Nobel_de_la_Pau "Premi Nobel de la Pau – Catalan") - [閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Hu%C3%B2-b%C3%ACng_Ci%C5%8Dng "Nobel Huò-bìng Ciōng – Mindong") - [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%86%D8%A8%DB%8E%D9%84 "خەڵاتی ئاشتیی نۆبێل – Central Kurdish") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelova_cena_za_m%C3%ADr "Nobelova cena za mír – Czech") - [Cymraeg](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwobr_Heddwch_Nobel "Gwobr Heddwch Nobel – Welsh") - [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobels_fredspris "Nobels fredspris – Danish") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensnobelpreis "Friedensnobelpreis – German") - [डोटेली](https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Doteli") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%9D%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%95%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AE%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82 "Βραβείο Νόμπελ Ειρήνης – Greek") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-premio_pri_paco "Nobel-premio pri paco – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_de_la_Paz "Premio Nobel de la Paz – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobeli_rahuauhind "Nobeli rahuauhind – Estonian") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakearen_Nobel_Saria "Bakearen Nobel Saria – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84 "جایزه صلح نوبل – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelin_rauhanpalkinto "Nobelin rauhanpalkinto – Finnish") - [Føroyskt](https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri%C3%B0arhei%C3%B0ursl%C3%B8n_Nobels "Friðarheiðursløn Nobels – Faroese") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix "Prix Nobel de la paix – French") - [Arpetan](https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_p%C3%A8x "Prix Nobel de la pèx – Arpitan") - [Frysk](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelpriis_foar_de_Frede "Nobelpriis foar de Frede – Western Frisian") - [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duais_Nobel_na_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na "Duais Nobel na Síochána – Irish") - [贛語](https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E "諾貝爾和平獎 – Gan") - [Gàidhlig](https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duais_Nobel_airson_S%C3%ACthe "Duais Nobel airson Sìthe – Scottish Gaelic") - [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_da_Paz "Premio Nobel da Paz – Galician") - [Avañe'ẽ](https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jop%C3%B3i_Nobel_Py%27aguapyguigua "Jopói Nobel Py'aguapyguigua – Guarani") - [Ghanaian Pidgin](https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize "Nobel Peace Prize – Ghanaian Pidgin") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D "פרס נובל לשלום – Hebrew") - [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबल शांति पुरस्कार – Hindi") - [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir "Nobelova nagrada za mir – Croatian") - [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-b%C3%A9ked%C3%ADj "Nobel-békedíj – Hungarian") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D6%80%D6%81%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF "Խաղաղության Նոբելյան մրցանակ – Armenian") - [Interlingua](https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_del_Pace "Premio Nobel del Pace – Interlingua") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_Perdamaian "Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian – Indonesian") - [Ilokano](https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_iti_Kappia "Premio Nobel iti Kappia – Iloko") - [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fri%C3%B0arver%C3%B0laun_N%C3%B3bels "Friðarverðlaun Nóbels – Icelandic") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_pace "Premio Nobel per la pace – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E5%B9%B3%E5%92%8C%E8%B3%9E "ノーベル平和賞 – Japanese") - [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90 "ნობელის მშვიდობის პრემია – Georgian") - [Taqbaylit](https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arraz_n_Nobel_i_telwit "Arraz n Nobel i telwit – Kabyle") - [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B "Бейбітшілік саласындағы Нобель сыйлығы – Kazakh") - [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96 "ពានរង្វាន់ណូបែលសន្តិភាព – Khmer") - [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0 "ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಶಾಂತಿ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ – Kannada") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B2%A8_%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%83%81 "노벨 평화상 – Korean") - [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xelata_Nobel%C3%AA_ya_A%C5%9Ftiy%C3%AA "Xelata Nobelê ya Aştiyê – Kurdish") - [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praemium_Nobelianum_pacis "Praemium Nobelianum pacis – Latin") - [Lëtzebuergesch](https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friddensnobelpr%C3%A4is "Friddensnobelpräis – Luxembourgish") - [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelio_taikos_premija "Nobelio taikos premija – Lithuanian") - [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobela_miera_pr%C4%93mija "Nobela miera prēmija – Latvian") - [मैथिली](https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Maithili") - [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 "Нобелова награда за мир – Macedonian") - [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82 "സമാധാനത്തിനുള്ള നോബൽ സമ്മാനം – Malayalam") - [Монгол](https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB "Нобелийн энхтайвны шагнал – Mongolian") - [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95 "नोबेल शांतता पारितोषिक – Marathi") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadiah_Keamanan_Nobel "Hadiah Keamanan Nobel – Malay") - [Malti](https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premju_Nobel_g%C4%A7all-Pa%C4%8Bi "Premju Nobel għall-Paċi – Maltese") - [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%84%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AF "နိုဘယ် ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးဆု – Burmese") - [مازِرونی](https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87 "نوبل صلح جایزه – Mazanderani") - [नेपाली](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कार – Nepali") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Vrede "Nobelprijs voor de Vrede – Dutch") - [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobels_fredspris "Nobels fredspris – Norwegian Nynorsk") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobels_fredspris "Nobels fredspris – Norwegian Bokmål") - [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_la_Patz "Prèmi Nobel de la Patz – Occitan") - [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE "ਨੋਬਲ ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਇਨਾਮ – Punjabi") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokojowa_Nagroda_Nobla "Pokojowa Nagroda Nobla – Polish") - [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 "نوبل امن انعام – Western Punjabi") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Nobel_da_Paz "Prêmio Nobel da Paz – Portuguese") - [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Su%C3%B1ay_Qasikaypi "Nobel Suñay Qasikaypi – Quechua") - [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiul_Nobel_pentru_pace "Premiul Nobel pentru pace – Romanian") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0 "Нобелевская премия мира – Russian") - [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%8D_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D "Нобель эйэ бириэмийэтэ – Yakut") - [Sicilianu](https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiu_Nobel_p%C3%A2_paci "Premiu Nobel pâ paci – Sicilian") - [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize "Nobel Peace Prize – Scots") - [سنڌي](https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 "نوبل امن انعام – Sindhi") - [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir "Nobelova nagrada za mir – Serbo-Croatian") - [සිංහල](https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BA "නොබෙල් සාම ත්‍යාගය – Sinhala") - [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_nosite%C4%BEov_Nobelovej_ceny_za_mier "Zoznam nositeľov Nobelovej ceny za mier – Slovak") - [سرائیکی](https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 "امن دا نوبل انعام – Saraiki") - [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelova_nagrada_za_mir "Nobelova nagrada za mir – Slovenian") - [Anarâškielâ](https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel-r%C3%A1%C3%A1vhupalh%C3%A2%C5%A1ume "Nobel-ráávhupalhâšume – Inari Sami") - [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87mimi_Nobel_p%C3%ABr_Paqe "Çmimi Nobel për Paqe – Albanian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80 "Нобелова награда за мир – Serbian") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobels_fredspris "Nobels fredspris – Swedish") - [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzo_ya_Nobel_ya_Amani "Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani – Swahili") - [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81 "அமைதிக்கான நோபல் பரிசு – Tamil") - [తెలుగు](https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF "నోబెల్ శాంతి బహుమతి – Telugu") - [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB "Ҷоизаи сулҳи Нобел – Tajik") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E "รางวัลโนเบลสาขาสันติภาพ – Thai") - [Türkmençe](https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahat%C3%A7ylyk_ugry_bo%C3%BDun%C3%A7a_Nobel_ba%C3%BDragy "Parahatçylyk ugry boýunça Nobel baýragy – Turkmen") - [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantimpalang_Nobel_na_Pangkapayapaan "Gantimpalang Nobel na Pangkapayapaan – Tagalog") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F_%C3%96d%C3%BCl%C3%BC "Nobel Barış Ödülü – Turkish") - [Татарча / tatarça](https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5 "Тынычлык өчен Нобель премиясе – Tatar") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83 "Нобелівська премія миру – Ukrainian") - [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85 "نوبل امن انعام – Urdu") - [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinchlik_bo%CA%BByicha_Nobel_mukofoti "Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti – Uzbek") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3i_Nobel_H%C3%B2a_b%C3%ACnh "Giải Nobel Hòa bình – Vietnamese") - [Winaray](https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premyo_Nobel_han_Kamurayaw "Premyo Nobel han Kamurayaw – Waray") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96 "诺贝尔和平奖 – Wu") - [მარგალური](https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98_%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1 "ნობელიშ პრემიაშ ლაურეატეფი თინჩალაშ გონტკიცაფაშ დარგის – Mingrelian") - [Yorùbá](https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80b%C3%B9n_%C3%80l%C3%A1f%C3%AD%C3%A0_Nobel "Ẹ̀bùn Àláfíà Nobel – Yoruba") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_H%C3%B4-p%C3%AAng_Chi%C3%B3ng "Nobel Hô-pêng Chióng – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%8D%8E "諾貝爾和平獎 – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A5%96 "诺贝尔和平奖 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q35637#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize) - [View source](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=edit "This page is protected. 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For the film, see [Nobel Peace (film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_\(film\) "Nobel Peace (film)"). Award \| Nobel Peace Prize \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg/250px-President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_\(34208881752\).jpg)[Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter")'s 2002 Nobel Peace Prize \| \| \| Awarded for \| Outstanding contributions to [peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace "Peace"): arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1) \| \| Location \| [Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo"), Norway \| \| Presented by \| [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") on behalf of the estate of [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel") \| \| Rewards \| 11 million [SEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_krona "Swedish krona") (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-2) 10 million SEK (2022)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) \| \| First award \| 10 December 1901; 124 years ago (1901-12-10)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-4) \| \| Most recent recipient \| [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado") [(2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") \| \| Most awards \| [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") (3) \| \| Website \| [nobelprize.org/peace](https://nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/) \| \| ← [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2024 Nobel Peace Prize") · [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") · [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2026 Nobel Peace Prize") → \| \| The Nobel Peace Prize[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-5) is one of the five [Nobel Prizes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize "Nobel Prize") established by the [will](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_and_testament "Will and testament") of [Swedish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden "Sweden") industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel"), along with the prizes in [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry "Nobel Prize in Chemistry"), [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics "Nobel Prize in Physics"), [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"), and [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature "Nobel Prize in Literature"). Since March 1901,[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-6) it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of [peace congresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_congress "Peace congress")".[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-7) The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-8) In accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee"), a five-member committee appointed by the [Parliament of Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway "Parliament of Norway") unlike all the other awards chosen by the [Swedish Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee "Nobel Committee"). The prize award ceremony has been held in [Oslo City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall "Oslo City Hall") since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") (1905–1946), and the [Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storting_building "Storting building") (1901–1904). Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been [subject to numerous controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies#Peace "Nobel Prize controversies"). The [most recent prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") was awarded to [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado") "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela "Venezuela") and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-9) ## Background [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/250px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg) [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel"), whose will established the Peace Prize According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-10) Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-12) Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing [peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace "Peace") as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for [chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry "Chemistry") and [physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics "Physics") were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with [Bertha von Suttner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner "Bertha von Suttner"), a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included [dynamite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite "Dynamite") and [ballistite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistite "Ballistite"), both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-14) and the [Irish Republican Brotherhood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood "Irish Republican Brotherhood"), an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-15) Nobel was also instrumental in turning [Bofors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors "Bofors") from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company. There is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published [obituaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obituaries "Obituaries") of Alfred by mistake.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-16) One French newspaper\[[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")\] condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) The obituary supposedly stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead"),[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday."[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19) Although the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-janes-20) It is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was [ruled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_union "Personal union") in [union with Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway "Union between Sweden and Norway") at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden "Sweden"). It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the [Norwegian parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_parliament "Norwegian parliament") had become closely involved in the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union "Inter-Parliamentary Union")'s efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) ## Nomination and selection [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg/250px-Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg) The [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") in [Oslo, Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg/250px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg) The [14th Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama "14th Dalai Lama") and [Archbishop Desmond Tutu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu "Desmond Tutu"), Nobel Peace Prize laureates [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/250px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_\(GPO\)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg) [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat "Yasser Arafat"), [Shimon Peres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres "Shimon Peres") and [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin") displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize The [Norwegian Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storting "Storting") appoints the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee"), which selects the [Nobel Peace Prize laureate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates"). ### Nomination Main articles: [List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(1900%E2%80%931999\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)"), [List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)"), and [List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize "List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize") Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-21) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) These nominators are: - Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union "Inter-Parliamentary Union") - Members of the [Permanent Court of Arbitration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration "Permanent Court of Arbitration") and the [International Court of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice "International Court of Justice") at the Hague - Members of [Institut de Droit International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International "Institut de Droit International") - Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history, [social sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science "Social science"), philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes - [Previous recipients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates"), including board members of organizations that have received the prize - Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee - Former permanent advisers to the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") The working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-23) but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-24) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-25) Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-26) Indeed, in 1939, [Adolf Hitler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler "Adolf Hitler") received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of [Neville Chamberlain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain "Neville Chamberlain").[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-27) Nominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-28) ### Selection Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-selection-29) ## Awarding the prize [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG/250px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG) Obverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the [King of Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway "Monarchy of Norway") and the [Norwegian royal family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_royal_family "Norwegian royal family") on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in [Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm "Stockholm"). The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-30) The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were [on the order of](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_order_of "On the order of") roughly 10 million [SEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_krona "Swedish krona"), which translated to roughly 1 million USD.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) Since 1990, the ceremony has taken place at [Oslo City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall "Oslo City Hall"). From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the [University of Oslo Faculty of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo "Faculty of Law, University of Oslo"), a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute"). From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the [Storting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway_Building "Parliament of Norway Building") (Parliament).[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-31) ## Medal Main article: [Nobel Prize medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_medal "Nobel Prize medal") The medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor [Gustav Vigeland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Vigeland "Gustav Vigeland") in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from [Erik Lindberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Lindberg "Erik Lindberg")'s profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The [dies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_\(manufacturing\) "Die (manufacturing)") for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription "Pro pace et fraternitate gentium" ("For the peace and brotherhood of men").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and "Prix Nobel de la Paix".[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) ## Laureates For a more comprehensive list, see [List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates"). [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg/250px-Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg) View of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001, [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations") As of October 2023[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Peace_Prize&action=edit), the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the [Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") has won twice (1954 and 1981).[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Nobel_facts22-33) [Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D "Lê Đức Thọ") is the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-34) ## Criticism Main article: [Nobel Peace Prize controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies "Nobel Peace Prize controversies") Some commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35) or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-36) Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Murphy-37) Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-38) In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper [Aftenposten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftenposten "Aftenposten") contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Aftenposten20111004-39) In another 2011 Aftenposten opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-40) Author [Christopher Hitchens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens "Christopher Hitchens") called the Nobel Peace Prize "a huge bore and a fraud" in his memoir [Hitch-22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitch-22 "Hitch-22").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-41) ### Criticism of individual conferments [![Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jagland_and_Obama.jpg/250px-Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jagland_and_Obama.jpg) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") with [Thorbjørn Jagland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland "Thorbjørn Jagland") at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony Nobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-42) The awards given to [Mikhail Gorbachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev "Mikhail Gorbachev"),[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-43) [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin"), [Shimon Peres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres "Shimon Peres") and [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat "Yasser Arafat"),[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-44)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-45) [Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D "Lê Đức Thọ"), [Henry Kissinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger "Henry Kissinger"),[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46) [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter"),[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-47) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama"),[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-48)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-49)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-51) [Abiy Ahmed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed "Abiy Ahmed"),[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-53)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-54) the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union"),[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-55) and [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado")[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-56) have all been the subject of controversy. The [1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1973 Nobel Peace Prize") may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-58)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nobelcontroversies-59)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-review-60) ### Notable omissions [Foreign Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy "Foreign Policy") has listed [Corazon Aquino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino "Corazon Aquino"), [Mahatma Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi "Mahatma Gandhi"), [Eleanor Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt "Eleanor Roosevelt"), [Václav Havel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel "Václav Havel"), and [Ken Saro-Wiwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Saro-Wiwa "Ken Saro-Wiwa") as people who "never won the prize, but should have."[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-62) The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-64) The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-65) The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63) [Geir Lundestad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geir_Lundestad "Geir Lundestad"), Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question."[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-66) In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the [Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama "Dalai Lama") was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-67) ## See also - [Gandhi Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize "Gandhi Peace Prize") – Annual award by the Indian government - [Lenin Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenin_Peace_Prize "Lenin Peace Prize") – Soviet state award for international recipients - [Sakharov Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakharov_Prize "Sakharov Prize") – European award for human rights - [Ibrahim Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Prize "Ibrahim Prize") – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy ## Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-5) [Swedish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language "Swedish language") and [Norwegian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language "Norwegian language"): Nobels fredspris ## References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1) ["Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelprize.org/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize/). The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231215111745/https://www.nobelprize.org/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize/) from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-2) ["Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor"](https://apnews.com/article/nobel-prize-increase-award-amount-122839c6c00d7659f60f4676004c89eb). Associated Press. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025. 3. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-1) Morris, Chris (5 October 2022). ["Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect"](https://fortune.com/2022/10/05/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward/). [Fortune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_\(magazine\) "Fortune (magazine)"). [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20231211051240/https://fortune.com/2022/10/05/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward/) from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-4)* ["The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html). www.nobelprize.org. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070102153041/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html) from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2017. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-6) ["The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070102153041/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). 1972. Archived from [the original](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html) on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2016. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-7) "Nobel Peace Prize", The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-8) Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008), ["Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001/acref-9780199295678-e-1700), A Dictionary of Contemporary World History, Oxford University Press, [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199295678.001.0001), [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-19-929567-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929567-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929567-8") , [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240329133109/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001/acref-9780199295678-e-1700) from the original on 29 March 2024, retrieved 6 April 2023 `{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN "Category:CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN")) 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-9) ["The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/articles/nobels-fredspris-2025-1). www.nobelpeaceprize.org. 2 October 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-10) ["Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel"](https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html) from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2008. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-11) Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012). [Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World](https://archive.org/details/peacetheysayhist0000nord). Encounter Books. p. [24](https://archive.org/details/peacetheysayhist0000nord/page/24). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781594035999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781594035999 "Special:BookSources/9781594035999") . 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-12) Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015). ["Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy \\| In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"](https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/12/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy/). blogs.loc.gov. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195227/https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/12/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy/) from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019. 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-1) ["Why Norway?"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/History/Why-Norway). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181105210706/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/History/Why-Norway) from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2009. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-14)* Altman, L. (2006). [Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen](https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160130124239/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) 30 January 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2006. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-15) [BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood](https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240301195334/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml) 1 March 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") BBC 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-16) Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020). ["Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?"](https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize). [History Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_Channel "History Channel"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/) from the original on 30 November 2023. 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-2) ["Alfred Nobel"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Nobel). [Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica "Encyclopædia Britannica"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150502193629/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416842/Alfred-Bernhard-Nobel) from the original on 2 May 2015. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-18)* Makovsky, Ken (11 July 2011). ["Nobel: How He Built His Reputation"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenmakovsky/2011/11/07/nobel-how-he-built-his-reputation/). [Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes"). 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-1) Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013). ["Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes"](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/). [Smithsonian Magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Magazine "Smithsonian Magazine"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/) from the original on 30 November 2023. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-janes_20-0)* Janes, Joseph (26 May 2017). [Documents That Changed the Way We Live](https://books.google.com/books?id=a6-zDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108). Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-5381-0034-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0034-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0034-9") . 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-21) ["Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181941/http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/index.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). Archived from [the original](http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/index.html) on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 21. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-1) ["Who may submit nominations?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130630174311/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/who-can-nominate/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/who-can-nominate/) on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-23)* ["President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize"](https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_nobel_peace). Associated Press on yahoo.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20091012065130/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_nobel_peace) from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-24) ["Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111011080517/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/nomination-2011/). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/nomination-2011/) on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2011. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-25) ["Confidentiality"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Nomination/Confidentiality). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210812101133/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Nomination/Confidentiality) from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-26) ["Who may submit nominations – Nobels fredspris"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/nomination/#nominators). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130517131628/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/nomination/#nominators) from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-27) Merelli, Annelise (7 October 2016). ["The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://qz.com/803976/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt/). Qz.com. Quartz Media. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171111151741/https://qz.com/803976/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt/) from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-28) ["Nomination Archive"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/list.php?prize=5). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). April 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210202004848/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/list.php?prize=5) from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-selection_29-0) ["How are Laureates selected?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090831032749/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/selection-process). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/selection-process/) on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 29. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-67) ["Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee"](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/presentation-speech.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110127192457/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1989/presentation-speech.html) from the original on 27 January 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2014. ## External links [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Nobel Peace Prize](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nobel_Peace_Prize "commons:Category:Nobel Peace Prize"). [![logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg) Wikiquote has quotations related to *[Nobel Peace Prize](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Nobel_Peace_Prize "q:Special:Search/Nobel Peace Prize"). - ["The Nobel Peace Prize"](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/) – Official webpage of the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") - ["The Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/) at the official site of the Nobel Prize - ["All Nobel Laureates in Peace"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/index.html) - ["The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"](https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets/) - ["National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award."](http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/pea.html) – From [J. Schmidhuber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber "Jürgen Schmidhuber") (2010): [Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century](https://web.archive.org/web/20140327012415/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html) at [arXiv:1009.2634v1](https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox "Template:Nobel Peace Prize navbox") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox "Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize navbox") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_navbox "Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize navbox")[Nobel Peace Prize]() \| \| \|---\|---\| \| General topics \| [Laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates") [Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") ([members](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "List of members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee")) [Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") [Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Center "Nobel Peace Center") [Concert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_Concert "Nobel Peace Prize Concert") [Oslo Spektrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Spektrum "Oslo Spektrum") [Oslo City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall "Oslo City Hall") [World Summit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Summit_of_Nobel_Peace_Laureates "World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates") Nominees Individuals [1900–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(1900%E2%80%931999\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)") [2000–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)") [Organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize "List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize") [PRIO Director's Shortlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRIO_Director%27s_Shortlist "PRIO Director's Shortlist") [Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies "Nobel Peace Prize controversies") \| \| [By year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates "List of Nobel laureates") \| [1901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1901 Nobel Peace Prize") [1964](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1964 Nobel Peace Prize") [1965](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1965 Nobel Peace Prize") [1967](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1967 Nobel Peace Prize") [1968](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1968 Nobel Peace Prize") [1969](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1969 Nobel Peace Prize") [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1970 Nobel Peace Prize") [1971](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1971 Nobel Peace Prize") [1973](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1973 Nobel Peace Prize") [2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2005 Nobel Peace Prize") [2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2007 Nobel Peace Prize") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2009 Nobel Peace Prize") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2010 Nobel Peace Prize") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2011 Nobel Peace Prize") [2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2012 Nobel Peace Prize") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2013 Nobel Peace Prize") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2014 Nobel Peace Prize") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2015 Nobel Peace Prize") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2016 Nobel Peace Prize") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2017 Nobel Peace Prize") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2018 Nobel Peace Prize") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2019 Nobel Peace Prize") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2020 Nobel Peace Prize") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2021 Nobel Peace Prize") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2022 Nobel Peace Prize") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2023 Nobel Peace Prize") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2024 Nobel Peace Prize") [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "Template talk:Nobel Peace Prize laureates") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Peace Prize laureates")[Laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates") of the [Nobel Peace Prize]() \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| 1901–1925 \| [1901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1901_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1901 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Henry Dunant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Dunant "Henry Dunant") / [Frédéric Passy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy "Frédéric Passy") 1902: [Élie Ducommun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun "Élie Ducommun") / [Charles Gobat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat "Charles Albert Gobat") 1903: [Randal Cremer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_Cremer "Randal Cremer") 1904: [Institute of International Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_International_Law "Institute of International Law") 1905: [Bertha von Suttner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner "Bertha von Suttner") 1906: [Theodore Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt "Theodore Roosevelt") 1907: [Ernesto Moneta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta "Ernesto Teodoro Moneta") / [Louis Renault](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Renault_\(jurist\) "Louis Renault (jurist)") 1908: [Klas Arnoldson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson "Klas Pontus Arnoldson") / [Fredrik Bajer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer "Fredrik Bajer") 1909: [A. M. F. Beernaert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Beernaert "Auguste Beernaert") / [Paul Estournelles de Constant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Henri_Balluet_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant "Paul Henri Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant") 1910: [International Peace Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau "International Peace Bureau") 1911: [Tobias Asser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_Asser "Tobias Asser") / [Alfred Fried](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried "Alfred Hermann Fried") 1912: [Elihu Root](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elihu_Root "Elihu Root") 1913: [Henri La Fontaine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine "Henri La Fontaine") 1914 1915 1916 1917: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") 1918 1919: [Woodrow Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson "Woodrow Wilson") 1920: [Léon Bourgeois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois "Léon Bourgeois") 1921: [Hjalmar Branting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting "Hjalmar Branting") / [Christian Lange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange "Christian Lous Lange") 1922: [Fridtjof Nansen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen "Fridtjof Nansen") 1923 1924 1925: [Austen Chamberlain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain "Austen Chamberlain") / [Charles Dawes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes "Charles G. Dawes") \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png) \| \| 1926–1950 \| 1926: [Aristide Briand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand "Aristide Briand") / [Gustav Stresemann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann "Gustav Stresemann") 1927: [Ferdinand Buisson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson "Ferdinand Buisson") / [Ludwig Quidde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde "Ludwig Quidde") 1928 1929: [Frank B. Kellogg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg "Frank B. Kellogg") 1930: [Nathan Söderblom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom "Nathan Söderblom") 1931: [Jane Addams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams "Jane Addams") / [Nicholas Butler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler "Nicholas Murray Butler") 1932 1933: [Norman Angell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell "Norman Angell") 1934: [Arthur Henderson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Henderson "Arthur Henderson") 1935: [Carl von Ossietzky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky "Carl von Ossietzky") 1936: [Carlos Saavedra Lamas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas "Carlos Saavedra Lamas") 1937: [Robert Cecil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood "Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood") 1938: [Nansen International Office for Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nansen_International_Office_for_Refugees "Nansen International Office for Refugees") 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") 1945: [Cordell Hull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordell_Hull "Cordell Hull") 1946: [Emily Balch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch "Emily Greene Balch") / [John Mott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mott "John Mott") 1947: [Friends Service Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness "Quaker Peace and Social Witness") / [American Friends Service Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee "American Friends Service Committee") 1948 1949: [John Boyd Orr](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr "John Boyd Orr") 1950: [Ralph Bunche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Bunche "Ralph Bunche") \| \| \| 1951–1975 \| 1951: [Léon Jouhaux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux "Léon Jouhaux") 1952: [Albert Schweitzer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer "Albert Schweitzer") 1953: [George C. Marshall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_C._Marshall "George C. Marshall") 1954: [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") 1955 1956 1957: [Lester B. Pearson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson "Lester B. Pearson") 1958: [Georges Pire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Pire "Dominique Pire") 1959: [Philip Noel-Baker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker "Philip Noel-Baker") 1960: [Albert Luthuli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Luthuli "Albert Luthuli") 1961: [Dag Hammarskjöld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld "Dag Hammarskjöld") 1962: [Linus Pauling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling "Linus Pauling") 1963: [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") / [League of Red Cross Societies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies "International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies") [1964](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1964 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Martin Luther King Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr. "Martin Luther King Jr.") [1965](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1965 Nobel Peace Prize"): [UNICEF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF "UNICEF") [1966](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1966 Nobel Peace Prize") [1967](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1967 Nobel Peace Prize") [1968](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1968 Nobel Peace Prize"): [René Cassin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin "René Cassin") [1969](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1969 Nobel Peace Prize"): [International Labour Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization "International Labour Organization") [1970](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1970 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Norman Borlaug](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug "Norman Borlaug") [1971](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1971 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Willy Brandt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt "Willy Brandt") 1972 [1973](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1973 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D "Lê Đức Thọ") (declined award)* / [Henry Kissinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger "Henry Kissinger") 1974: [Seán MacBride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride "Seán MacBride") / [Eisaku Satō](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D "Eisaku Satō") 1975: [Andrei Sakharov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov "Andrei Sakharov") \| \| \| 1976–2000 \| 1976: [Betty Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Williams "Betty Williams") / [Mairead Corrigan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairead_Maguire "Mairead Maguire") 1977: [Amnesty International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International "Amnesty International") 1978: [Anwar Sadat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat "Anwar Sadat") / [Menachem Begin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin "Menachem Begin") 1979: [Mother Teresa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa "Mother Teresa") 1980: [Adolfo Pérez Esquivel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel "Adolfo Pérez Esquivel") 1981: [United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") 1982: [Alva Myrdal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alva_Myrdal "Alva Myrdal") / [Alfonso García Robles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles "Alfonso García Robles") 1983: [Lech Wałęsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa "Lech Wałęsa") 1984: [Desmond Tutu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu "Desmond Tutu") 1985: [International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War "International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War") 1986: [Elie Wiesel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel "Elie Wiesel") 1987: [Óscar Arias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias "Óscar Arias") 1988: [UN Peacekeeping Forces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping "United Nations peacekeeping") 1989: [Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama "14th Dalai Lama") 1990: [Mikhail Gorbachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev "Mikhail Gorbachev") 1991: [Aung San Suu Kyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi "Aung San Suu Kyi") 1992: [Rigoberta Menchú](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA "Rigoberta Menchú") 1993: [Nelson Mandela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela "Nelson Mandela") / [F. W. de Klerk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk "F. W. de Klerk") 1994: [Shimon Peres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres "Shimon Peres") / [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin") / [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat "Yasser Arafat") 1995: [Pugwash Conferences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs "Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs") / [Joseph Rotblat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat "Joseph Rotblat") 1996: [Carlos Belo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo "Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo") / [José Ramos-Horta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta "José Ramos-Horta") 1997: [International Campaign to Ban Landmines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines "International Campaign to Ban Landmines") / [Jody Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jody_Williams "Jody Williams") 1998: [John Hume](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hume "John Hume") / [David Trimble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Trimble "David Trimble") 1999: [Médecins Sans Frontières](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res "Médecins Sans Frontières") 2000: [Kim Dae-jung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung "Kim Dae-jung") \| \| \| 2001–present \| [2001](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2001 Nobel Peace Prize"): [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations") / [Kofi Annan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan "Kofi Annan") [2002](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2002 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter") [2003](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2003 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Shirin Ebadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi "Shirin Ebadi") [2004](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2004 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Wangarĩ Maathai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangar%C4%A9_Maathai "Wangarĩ Maathai") [2005](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2005 Nobel Peace Prize"): [International Atomic Energy Agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency "International Atomic Energy Agency") / [Mohamed ElBaradei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei "Mohamed ElBaradei") [2006](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2006 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Grameen Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen_Bank "Grameen Bank") / [Muhammad Yunus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus "Muhammad Yunus") [2007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2007 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Al Gore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore "Al Gore") / [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change") [2008](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2008 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Martti Ahtisaari](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari "Martti Ahtisaari") [2009](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2009 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") [2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2010 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Liu Xiaobo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo "Liu Xiaobo") [2011](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2011 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Ellen Johnson Sirleaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf") / [Leymah Gbowee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee "Leymah Gbowee") / [Tawakkol Karman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman "Tawakkol Karman") [2012](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2012 Nobel Peace Prize"): [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union") [2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2013 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons "Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons") [2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2014 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Kailash Satyarthi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi "Kailash Satyarthi") / [Malala Yousafzai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai "Malala Yousafzai") [2015](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2015 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_National_Dialogue_Quartet "Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet") [2016](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2016 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Juan Manuel Santos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos "Juan Manuel Santos") [2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2017 Nobel Peace Prize"): [International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Abolish_Nuclear_Weapons "International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons") [2018](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2018 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Denis Mukwege](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Mukwege "Denis Mukwege") / [Nadia Murad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia_Murad "Nadia Murad") [2019](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2019 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Abiy Ahmed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed "Abiy Ahmed") [2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2020 Nobel Peace Prize"): [World Food Programme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Food_Programme "World Food Programme") [2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2021 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Maria Ressa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Ressa "Maria Ressa") / [Dmitry Muratov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov "Dmitry Muratov") [2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2022 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Ales Bialiatski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski "Ales Bialiatski") / [Memorial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_\(society\) "Memorial (society)") / [Center for Civil Liberties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Civil_Liberties_\(human_rights_organization\) "Center for Civil Liberties (human rights organization)") [2023](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2023 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Narges Mohammadi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi "Narges Mohammadi") [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2024 Nobel Peace Prize"): [Nihon Hidankyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihon_Hidankyo "Nihon Hidankyo") [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize"): [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prizes "Template:Nobel Prizes") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prizes "Template talk:Nobel Prizes") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prizes "Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prizes")[Nobel Prizes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize "Nobel Prize") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| [Lists of Nobel laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_Nobel_laureates "Lists of Nobel laureates") [Nobel Prize medal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_medal "Nobel Prize medal") \| \| \| \| Prizes \| [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry "Nobel Prize in Chemistry") [Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences "Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences")1 [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature "Nobel Prize in Literature") [Peace]() [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics "Nobel Prize in Physics") [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine") \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nobel_Prize.png) \| \| [Laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates "List of Nobel laureates") \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| by occupation [Heads of state and government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_Nobel_laureates "List of heads of state and government Nobel laureates") [by year](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates "List of Nobel laureates") \| \| \| \| by subject \| [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry "List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry") [Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences "List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economic Sciences")1 [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature "List of Nobel laureates in Literature") [Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates") [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physics "List of Nobel laureates in Physics") [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine "List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine") \| \| \| by population group \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Bengali](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bengali_Nobel_laureates "List of Bengali Nobel laureates") [Black](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_black_Nobel_laureates "List of black Nobel laureates") 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African](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_African_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of South African Nobel laureates and nominees") [Asian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Asian_Nobel_laureates "List of Asian Nobel laureates") [Armenian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Armenian_Nobel_laureates "List of Armenian Nobel laureates") [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Nobel_laureates "List of Chinese Nobel laureates") [Filipino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees_in_the_Philippines "List of Nobel laureates and nominees in the Philippines") [Indian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_Nobel_laureates "List of Indian Nobel laureates") [Israeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Nobel_laureates "List of Israeli Nobel laureates") [Japanese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Japanese Nobel laureates and nominees") [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Korean_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Korean Nobel laureates and nominees") [Pakistani](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_Nobel_laureates "List of Pakistani Nobel laureates") [Turkish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Turkish_Nobel_laureates "List of Turkish Nobel laureates") [Vietnamese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Vietnamese Nobel laureates and nominees") European [Belgian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Belgian_Nobel_laureates "List of Belgian Nobel laureates") [Danish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Danish_Nobel_laureates "List of Danish Nobel laureates") [German](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_Nobel_laureates "List of German Nobel laureates") [Greek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Greek_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Greek Nobel laureates and nominees") [Hungarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_Nobel_laureates "List of Hungarian Nobel laureates") [Irish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Irish_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Irish Nobel laureates and nominees") [Italian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Italian_Nobel_laureates "List of Italian Nobel laureates") [Polish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Polish_Nobel_laureates "List of Polish Nobel laureates") [Romanian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Romanian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Romanian Nobel laureates and nominees") [Russian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_Nobel_laureates "List of Russian Nobel laureates") [Spanish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Nobel_laureates "List of Spanish Nobel laureates") [Swedish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Swedish_Nobel_laureates "List of Swedish Nobel laureates") [Swiss](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Swiss_Nobel_laureates "List of Swiss Nobel laureates") [Welsh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Nobel_laureates "List of Welsh Nobel laureates") Oceanian [Australian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Australian_Nobel_laureates "List of Australian Nobel laureates") North American [American](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Nobel_laureates "List of American Nobel laureates") [Mexican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Mexican Nobel laureates and nominees") South American [Argentine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Argentine_Nobel_laureates "List of Argentine Nobel laureates") [Brazilian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_Nobel_laureates_and_nominees "List of Brazilian Nobel laureates and nominees") [Venezuelan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Venezuelan_Nobel_laureates "List of Venezuelan Nobel laureates") \| \| \| [by university](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_university_affiliation "List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation") \| [City University of New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_the_City_University_of_New_York_as_alumni_or_faculty "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the City University of New York as alumni or faculty") [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Columbia_University_as_alumni_or_faculty "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Columbia University as alumni or faculty") [ETH Zurich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ETH_Zurich_people#Nobel_Prize_winners "List of ETH Zurich people") [Harvard University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Harvard_University_people#Nobel_laureates "List of Harvard University people") [Princeton University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Princeton_University_as_alumni_or_faculty "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty") [Washington University in St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis_as_alumni_or_faculty "List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis as alumni or faculty") \| \| \| Nominees \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| [Catholic priests and religious](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_priests_and_religious_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize "List of Catholic priests and religious awarded the Nobel Prize") [Heads of state and government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_Nobel_nominees "List of heads of state and government Nobel nominees") [Couples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_couples_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize "List of couples awarded the Nobel Prize") [Women](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize "List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize") \| \| \| \| by subject \| Chemistry [1901–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry "List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry") Economics1 [1901–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1 "List of nominees for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics (page does not exist)") Literature [1901–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_\(1901%E2%80%931999\) "List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (1901–1999)") [2000–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature (2000–present)") Peace Individuals [1900–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(1900%E2%80%931999\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (1900–1999)") [2000–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_individuals_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize_\(2000%E2%80%93present\) "List of individuals nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize (2000–present)") [Organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organizations_nominated_for_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize "List of organizations nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize") Physics [1901–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physics "List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physics") Physiology or Medicine [1901–1999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nominees_for_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_\(1901%E2%80%931999\) "List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1901–1999)") \| \| \| by groups \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| Peace [AFSC Nobel nominees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_Friends_Service_Committee_Nobel_nominees "List of American Friends Service Committee Nobel nominees") [PRIO Director's Shortlist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRIO_Director%27s_Shortlist "PRIO Director's Shortlist") \| \| \| \| by [Clarivate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarivate_Citation_Laureates "Clarivate Citation Laureates") \| [Female](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_female_Clarivate_Citation_laureates "List of female Clarivate Citation laureates") [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Chemistry "List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Chemistry") [Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Economic_Sciences "List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Economic Sciences")1 [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physics "List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physics") [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Clarivate_Citation_laureates_in_Physiology_or_Medicine "List of Clarivate Citation laureates in Physiology or Medicine") \| \| \| Organisations \| [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation") [Nobel Committees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee "Nobel Committee") [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Chemistry "Nobel Committee for Chemistry") [Economics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_for_the_Sveriges_Riksbank_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences_in_Memory_of_Alfred_Nobel "Committee for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel")1 [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Literature "Nobel Committee for Literature") [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Physics "Nobel Committee for Physics") [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee_for_Physiology_or_Medicine "Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine") [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") [Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Assembly_at_the_Karolinska_Institute "Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute") \| \| \| Related \| [Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies "Nobel Prize controversies") [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature_controversies "Nobel Prize in Literature controversies") [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics_controversies "Nobel Prize in Physics controversies") [Peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize_controversies "Nobel Peace Prize controversies") [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel") [Björkborn Manor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rkborn_Manor "Björkborn Manor") [Nobel Banquet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Banquet "Nobel Banquet") [Nobel Laboratory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Laboratory "Nobel Laboratory") [Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindau_Nobel_Laureate_Meetings "Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings") [Nobel Monument](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Monument "Nobel Monument") [World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Summit_of_Nobel_Peace_Laureates "World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates") [Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prizes_known_as_the_Nobel_or_the_highest_honors_of_a_field "List of prizes known as the Nobel or the highest honors of a field") \| \| \| 1 Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes). \| \| \| \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35637#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| 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Readable Markdown	[![Extended-protected article](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended "This article is extended-confirmed-protected") From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia \| Nobel Peace Prize \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg/250px-President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_%2834208881752%29.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Jimmy_Carter%27s_2002_Nobel_Peace_Prize_-_Bronze_Medal_-_At_Visitor%27s_Center_-_Plains_-_Georgia_-_USA_\(34208881752\).jpg)[Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter")'s 2002 Nobel Peace Prize \| \| \| Awarded for \| Outstanding contributions to [peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace "Peace"): arms reduction, international cooperation, and organisations contributing to peace, and human rights contributions to peace[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1) \| \| Location \| [Oslo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo"), Norway \| \| Presented by \| [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") on behalf of the estate of [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel") \| \| Rewards \| 11 million [SEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_krona "Swedish krona") (2023)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-2) 10 million SEK (2022)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) \| \| First award \| 10 December 1901; 124 years ago[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-4) \| \| Most recent recipient \| [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado") [(2025)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") \| \| Most awards \| [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") (3) \| \| Website \| [nobelprize.org/peace](https://nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/) \| \| ← [2024](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2024 Nobel Peace Prize") · [2025](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") · [2026](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2026 Nobel Peace Prize") → \| \| The Nobel Peace Prize[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-5) is one of the five [Nobel Prizes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize "Nobel Prize") established by the [will](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_and_testament "Will and testament") of [Swedish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden "Sweden") industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel"), along with the prizes in [Chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry "Nobel Prize in Chemistry"), [Physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics "Nobel Prize in Physics"), [Physiology or Medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine "Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"), and [Literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature "Nobel Prize in Literature"). Since March 1901,[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-6) it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to people who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of [peace congresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_congress "Peace congress")".[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-7) The Oxford Dictionary of Contemporary History describes it as "the most prestigious prize in the world".[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-8) In accordance with Nobel's will, the prize is selected by the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee"), a five-member committee appointed by the [Parliament of Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway "Parliament of Norway") unlike all the other awards chosen by the [Swedish Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Committee "Nobel Committee"). The prize award ceremony has been held in [Oslo City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall "Oslo City Hall") since 1990, previously in the assembly hall of the University of Oslo (1947–1989), [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") (1905–1946), and the [Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storting_building "Storting building") (1901–1904). Due to its political nature, the Nobel Peace Prize has for most of its history been [subject to numerous controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_controversies#Peace "Nobel Prize controversies"). The [most recent prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Nobel_Peace_Prize "2025 Nobel Peace Prize") was awarded to [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado") "for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of [Venezuela](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela "Venezuela") and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy".[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-9) Background [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg/250px-AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg) [Alfred Nobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel "Alfred Nobel"), whose will established the Peace Prize According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize is awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-10) Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-11)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-12) Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing [peace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace "Peace") as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for [chemistry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry "Chemistry") and [physics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics "Physics") were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with [Bertha von Suttner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner "Bertha von Suttner"), a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included [dynamite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamite "Dynamite") and [ballistite](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistite "Ballistite"), both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-14) and the [Irish Republican Brotherhood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood "Irish Republican Brotherhood"), an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-15) Nobel was also instrumental in turning [Bofors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bofors "Bofors") from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company. There is a well known, but reportedly apocryphal, story that in 1888, after the death of his brother Ludvig, several newspapers published [obituaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obituaries "Obituaries") of Alfred by mistake.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-16) One French newspaper\[[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")\] condemned him for his invention of military explosives and this is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) The obituary supposedly stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead"),[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday."[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-18)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-eb-17) However, it has been questioned whether or not the obituary in question actually existed.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Sloppy-19) Although the anecdote has appeared frequently in biographies and popular accounts, more recent investigative work has been unable to confirm the existence of either the alleged obituary or the newspaper often cited as having published it, suggesting that the story may be an unsubstantiated myth.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-janes-20) It is also unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was [ruled](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_union "Personal union") in [union with Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_between_Sweden_and_Norway "Union between Sweden and Norway") at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as [Sweden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden "Sweden"). It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the [Norwegian parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_parliament "Norwegian parliament") had become closely involved in the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union "Inter-Parliamentary Union")'s efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Why_Norway?-13) Nomination and selection [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg/250px-Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Norske_nobelinstiutt_1.jpg) The [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") in [Oslo, Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo "Oslo") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg/250px-Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dalai_Lama_and_Bishop_Tutu._Carey_Linde.jpg) The [14th Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama "14th Dalai Lama") and [Archbishop Desmond Tutu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu "Desmond Tutu"), Nobel Peace Prize laureates [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/250px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_\(GPO\)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg) [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat "Yasser Arafat"), [Shimon Peres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres "Shimon Peres") and [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin") displaying their 1994 Nobel Peace Prize The [Norwegian Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storting "Storting") appoints the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee"), which selects the [Nobel Peace Prize laureate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates"). Nomination Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-21) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) These nominators are: - Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the [Inter-Parliamentary Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Parliamentary_Union "Inter-Parliamentary Union") - Members of the [Permanent Court of Arbitration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration "Permanent Court of Arbitration") and the [International Court of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice "International Court of Justice") at the Hague - Members of [Institut de Droit International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International "Institut de Droit International") - Academics at the professor or associate professor level in history, [social sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_science "Social science"), philosophy, law, theology and religion; vice-chancellors/presidents of universities and university directors (or their equivalents); directors of peace research institutes and foreign policy institutes - [Previous recipients](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates "List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates"), including board members of organizations that have received the prize - Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee - Former permanent advisers to the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute") The working language of the Norwegian Nobel Committee is Norwegian; in addition to Norwegian the committee has traditionally received nominations in French, German, and English, but today most nominations are submitted in either Norwegian or English. Nominations must usually be submitted to the committee by the beginning of February in the award year. Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nomination-22) In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-23) but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-24) The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-25) Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-26) Indeed, in 1939, [Adolf Hitler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler "Adolf Hitler") received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of [Neville Chamberlain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain "Neville Chamberlain").[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-27) Nominations from 1901 to 1974 have been released in a database.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-28) Selection Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a shortlist of candidates for further review is created. This shortlist is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the institute's Director and Research Director, and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize. Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the committee to select the laureate. The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but it is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-selection-29) Awarding the prize [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG/250px-Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jimmy_Carter_Library_and_Museum_145.JPG) Obverse and reverse of Jimmy Carter's Nobel Peace Prize Medal The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the [King of Norway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway "Monarchy of Norway") and the [Norwegian royal family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_royal_family "Norwegian royal family") on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in [Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm "Stockholm"). The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-30) The money awarded varies over time, depending on the profitability of the Nobel bequest's investments and the exchange rate to the recipient's local currency. Around 2020, typical awards were [on the order of](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_order_of "On the order of") roughly 10 million [SEK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_krona "Swedish krona"), which translated to roughly 1 million USD.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Fortune-3) Since 1990, the ceremony has taken place at [Oslo City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_City_Hall "Oslo City Hall"). From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the [University of Oslo Faculty of Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_of_Law,_University_of_Oslo "Faculty of Law, University of Oslo"), a few hundred meters from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the [Norwegian Nobel Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Institute "Norwegian Nobel Institute"). From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the [Storting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway_Building "Parliament of Norway Building") (Parliament).[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-31) Medal The medal for the Peace Prize was designed by the Norwegian sculptor [Gustav Vigeland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Vigeland "Gustav Vigeland") in 1901. Vigeland's profile sculpture of Alfred Nobel differs from [Erik Lindberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Lindberg "Erik Lindberg")'s profile of Nobel on the chemistry, literature, physics, and physiology or medicine medals. The [dies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_\(manufacturing\) "Die (manufacturing)") for Vigeland's peace medal were made by Lindberg as Vigeland was not an engraver.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The reverse of the medal features three men in a 'fraternal bond' and the inscription "Pro pace et fraternitate gentium" ("For the peace and brotherhood of men").[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) The edge of the medal is inscribed with the year of its awarding, with the name of its recipient and "Prix Nobel de la Paix".[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-NobelPeace-32) Laureates [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg/250px-Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Friedensnobelpreis_2001_Vereinte_Nationen.jpg) View of a diploma – Nobel Peace Prize 2001, [United Nations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations "United Nations") As of October 2023, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 27 organizations; 19 women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than for any other Nobel Prize. Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the [International Committee of the Red Cross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross "International Committee of the Red Cross") has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the [Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees") has won twice (1954 and 1981).[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Nobel_facts22-33) [Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D "Lê Đức Thọ") is the only person who has voluntarily refused to accept the prize.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-34) Criticism Some commentators have suggested that the Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35) or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-reuters.com-35)[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-36) Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Murphy-37) Further criticism holds that the Nobel Peace Prize has become increasingly politicized, in which people are awarded for aspirations rather than accomplishments, which has allowed for the prize to be used for political effect but can cause perverse consequences including the breakdown of fragile peace processes due to the failure to account for the realities of power politics.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-38) In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper [Aftenposten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftenposten "Aftenposten") contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation-building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-Aftenposten20111004-39) In another 2011 Aftenposten opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-40) Author [Christopher Hitchens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens "Christopher Hitchens") called the Nobel Peace Prize "a huge bore and a fraud" in his memoir [Hitch-22](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitch-22 "Hitch-22").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-41) Criticism of individual conferments [![Barack Obama with Thorbjørn Jagland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jagland_and_Obama.jpg/250px-Jagland_and_Obama.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jagland_and_Obama.jpg) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama") with [Thorbjørn Jagland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorbj%C3%B8rn_Jagland "Thorbjørn Jagland") at the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ceremony Nobel Peace Prize controversies often reach beyond the academic community. Criticisms that have been levelled against some of the awards include allegations that they were politically motivated, premature, or guided by a faulty definition of what constitutes work for peace.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-42) The awards given to [Mikhail Gorbachev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev "Mikhail Gorbachev"),[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-43) [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin"), [Shimon Peres](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres "Shimon Peres") and [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat "Yasser Arafat"),[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-44)[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-45) [Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AA_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c_Th%E1%BB%8D "Lê Đức Thọ"), [Henry Kissinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger "Henry Kissinger"),[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46) [Jimmy Carter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter "Jimmy Carter"),[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-47) [Barack Obama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama "Barack Obama"),[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-48)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-49)[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-50)[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-51) [Abiy Ahmed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed "Abiy Ahmed"),[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-53)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-54) the [European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union "European Union"),[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-55) and [María Corina Machado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Corina_Machado "María Corina Machado")[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-56) have all been the subject of controversy. The [1973 award to Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Nobel_Peace_Prize "1973 Nobel Peace Prize") may have been the most controversial, with two members of the selection committee resigning in protest and widespread derision in the press.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-1973Times-46)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-57)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-58)[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-nobelcontroversies-59)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-review-60) Notable omissions [Foreign Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy "Foreign Policy") has listed [Corazon Aquino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino "Corazon Aquino"), [Mahatma Gandhi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi "Mahatma Gandhi"), [Eleanor Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt "Eleanor Roosevelt"), [Václav Havel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel "Václav Havel"), and [Ken Saro-Wiwa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Saro-Wiwa "Ken Saro-Wiwa") as people who "never won the prize, but should have."[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-62) The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63)[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-64) The committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-65) The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-gandhi-63) [Geir Lundestad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geir_Lundestad "Geir Lundestad"), Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question."[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-66) In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the [Dalai Lama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama "Dalai Lama") was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that it was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_note-67) See also - [Gandhi Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Peace_Prize "Gandhi Peace Prize") – Annual award by the Indian government - [Lenin Peace Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenin_Peace_Prize "Lenin Peace Prize") – Soviet state award for international recipients - [Sakharov Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakharov_Prize "Sakharov Prize") – European award for human rights - [Ibrahim Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Prize "Ibrahim Prize") – Annual prize awarded to former African heads of state for respect of democracy Notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-5) [Swedish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_language "Swedish language") and [Norwegian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language "Norwegian language"): Nobels fredspris References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-1) ["Behind the scenes of the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelprize.org/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize/). The Nobel Prize. 28 September 2021. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231215111745/https://www.nobelprize.org/behind-the-scenes-of-the-nobel-peace-prize/) from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-2) ["Nobel Foundation raises the amount for this year's Nobel Prize awards to 11 million kronor"](https://apnews.com/article/nobel-prize-increase-award-amount-122839c6c00d7659f60f4676004c89eb). Associated Press. 15 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2025. 3. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Fortune_3-1) Morris, Chris (5 October 2022). ["Nobel Peace Prize winners actually get a lot of money. Here's how much they can expect"](https://fortune.com/2022/10/05/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward/). [Fortune](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_\(magazine\) "Fortune (magazine)"). [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20231211051240/https://fortune.com/2022/10/05/nobel-peace-prize-winners-cash-reward/) from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-4)* ["The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html). www.nobelprize.org. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070102153041/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html) from the original on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 29 October 2017. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-6) ["The Nobel Peace Prize 1901"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070102153041/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). 1972. Archived from [the original](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1901/address.html) on 2 January 2007. Retrieved 19 March 2016. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-7) "Nobel Peace Prize", The Oxford Dictionary of Twentieth Century World History 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-8) Palmowski, Jan (1 January 2008), ["Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001/acref-9780199295678-e-1700), A Dictionary of Contemporary World History, Oxford University Press, [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780199295678.001.0001), [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-19-929567-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929567-8 "Special:BookSources/978-0-19-929567-8") , [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240329133109/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199295678.001.0001/acref-9780199295678-e-1700) from the original on 29 March 2024, retrieved 6 April 2023 `{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_work_parameter_with_ISBN "Category:CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN")) 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-9) ["The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2025 to Maria Corina Machado - Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/articles/nobels-fredspris-2025-1). www.nobelpeaceprize.org. 2 October 2025. Retrieved 10 October 2025. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-10) ["Excerpt from the Will of Alfred Nobel"](https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180815060015/https://www.nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/will/will-full.html) from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2008. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-11) Nordlinger, Jay (20 March 2012). [Peace, They Say: A History of the Nobel Peace Prize, the Most Famous and Controversial Prize in the World](https://archive.org/details/peacetheysayhist0000nord). Encounter Books. p. [24](https://archive.org/details/peacetheysayhist0000nord/page/24). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9781594035999](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781594035999 "Special:BookSources/9781594035999") . 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-12) Levush, Ruth (7 December 2015). ["Alfred Nobel's Will: A Legal Document that Might Have Changed the World and a Man's Legacy \\| In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"](https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/12/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy/). blogs.loc.gov. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190327195227/https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/12/alfred-nobels-will-a-legal-document-that-might-have-changed-the-world-and-a-mans-legacy/) from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 12 March 2019. 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Why_Norway?_13-1) ["Why Norway?"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/History/Why-Norway). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181105210706/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/History/Why-Norway) from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2009. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-14)* Altman, L. (2006). [Alfred Nobel and the prize that almost didn't happen](https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160130124239/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/26/health/26docs.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5070&en=919b88628e82140e&ex=1160884800) 30 January 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). New York Times. Retrieved 14 October 2006. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-15) [BBC History – 1916 Easter Rising – Profiles – The Irish Republican Brotherhood](https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20240301195334/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/easterrising/profiles/po17.shtml) 1 March 2024 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") BBC 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-16) Andrews, Evan (23 July 2020). ["Did a Premature Obituary Inspire the Nobel Prize?"](https://www.history.com/news/did-a-premature-obituary-inspire-the-nobel-prize). [History Channel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_Channel "History Channel"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/) from the original on 30 November 2023. 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-eb_17-2) ["Alfred Nobel"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Nobel). [Encyclopædia Britannica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica "Encyclopædia Britannica"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150502193629/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/416842/Alfred-Bernhard-Nobel) from the original on 2 May 2015. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-18)* Makovsky, Ken (11 July 2011). ["Nobel: How He Built His Reputation"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenmakovsky/2011/11/07/nobel-how-he-built-his-reputation/). [Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes"). 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-Sloppy_19-1) Schultz, Colin (9 October 2013). ["Blame Sloppy Journalism for the Nobel Prizes"](https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/). [Smithsonian Magazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Magazine "Smithsonian Magazine"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231130142424/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/blame-sloppy-journalism-for-the-nobel-prizes-1172688/) from the original on 30 November 2023. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-janes_20-0)* Janes, Joseph (26 May 2017). [Documents That Changed the Way We Live](https://books.google.com/books?id=a6-zDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108). Bloomsbury Publishing PLC. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1-5381-0034-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0034-9 "Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-0034-9") . 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-21) ["Nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090830181941/http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/index.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). Archived from [the original](http://nobelprize.org/nomination/peace/index.html) on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 21. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-nomination_22-1) ["Who may submit nominations?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130630174311/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/who-can-nominate/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. 8 October 2017. Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/who-can-nominate/) on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-23)* ["President Barack Obama wins Nobel Peace Prize"](https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_nobel_peace). Associated Press on yahoo.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20091012065130/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/eu_nobel_peace) from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2009. 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-24) ["Nominations for the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize"](https://web.archive.org/web/20111011080517/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/nomination-2011/). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/nomination-2011/) on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 7 October 2011. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-25) ["Confidentiality"](https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Nomination/Confidentiality). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210812101133/https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/Nomination/Confidentiality) from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2020. 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-26) ["Who may submit nominations – Nobels fredspris"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/nomination/#nominators). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130517131628/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/nomination/#nominators) from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2014. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-27) Merelli, Annelise (7 October 2016). ["The darkly ironic 1939 letter nominating Adolf Hitler for the Nobel Peace Prize"](https://qz.com/803976/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt/). Qz.com. Quartz Media. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171111151741/https://qz.com/803976/adolf-hitler-was-nominated-for-the-nobel-peace-prize-in-a-darkly-ironic-letter-by-erik-gottfrid-christian-brandt/) from the original on 11 November 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-28) ["Nomination Archive"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/list.php?prize=5). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). April 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20210202004848/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/list.php?prize=5) from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-selection_29-0) ["How are Laureates selected?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090831032749/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/selection-process). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/nomination_committee/selection-process/) on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-30) ["What the Nobel Laureates Receive"](https://web.archive.org/web/20071030033639/http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/prize.html). [Nobel Foundation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Foundation "Nobel Foundation"). Archived from [the original](https://www.nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/prize.html) on 30 October 2007. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize#cite_ref-31) ["Prisutdelingen \\| Nobels fredspris"](https://web.archive.org/web/20121104042251/http://nobelpeaceprize.org/nb_NO/about_peaceprize/award_ceremony/). The Norwegian Nobel Committee. Archived from [the original](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/nb_NO/about_peaceprize/award_ceremony/) on 4 November 2012. 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External links - ["The Nobel Peace Prize"](http://nobelpeaceprize.org/) – Official webpage of the [Norwegian Nobel Committee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Nobel_Committee "Norwegian Nobel Committee") - ["The Nobel Peace Prize"](https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/) at the official site of the Nobel Prize - ["All Nobel Laureates in Peace"](https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/index.html) - ["The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies"](https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremonies/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremonies-and-banquets/) - ["National Peace Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009 by citizenship (or home of the organization) at the time of the award."](http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/pea.html) – From [J. Schmidhuber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber "Jürgen Schmidhuber") (2010): [Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century](https://web.archive.org/web/20140327012415/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html) at [arXiv:1009.2634v1](https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.2634)
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