🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa104)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9","crawl_time":1776124448,"first_indexed_time":1375994258,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Nestlé - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Nestlé S.A.\nHeadquarters in\nVevey\n, Switzerland\nFormerly\nList\nAnglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\n(1866–1867)\nFarine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905)\nNestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947)\nNestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977)\nCompany type\nPublic\nTraded as\nSIX\n: \nNESN\nISIN\nCH0038863350\nIndustry\nFood processing\nPredecessor\nHollandia \nFounded\n1866\n; 160 years ago\n(for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch)\nFounder\nHenri Nestlé\n(for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch)\nHeadquarters\nVevey\n,\nVaud\n, Switzerland\nArea served\nWorldwide\nKey people\nPablo Isla\n(\nchairman\n)\nPhilipp Navratil\n(\nCEO\n)\nDick Boer\n(vice chairman)\nProducts\nBaby food\ncoffee\ndairy products\nbreakfast cereals\nconfectionery\nbottled water\nice cream\npet foods\ndietary supplements\nprotein supplements\nBrands\nList of Nestlé brands\nRevenue\nCHF\n 89.49 billion (2025)\nOperating income\nCHF 12.28 billion (2025)\nNet income\nCHF 9.033 billion (2025)\nTotal assets\nCHF 127.2 billion (2025)\nTotal equity\nCHF 32.81 billion (2025)\nNumber of employees\n271,000 (2025)\nSubsidiaries\nCereal Partners Worldwide\n(50%)\nWebsite\nnestle\n.com\nFootnotes \/ references\n[\n1\n]\n[\n2\n]\nNestlé S.A.\n[\na\n]\n(\nNESS\n-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl\n;\n[\n3\n]\n[\nbetter source needed\n]\nFrench:\n[nɛsle]\n) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in\nVevey\n, Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\n[\n6\n]\nIt ranked No. 64 on the\nFortune\nGlobal 500\nin 2017.\n[\n7\n]\nIn 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the\nForbes\nGlobal 2000\n.\n[\n8\n]\nNestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water,\ninfant formula\nand\nbaby food\n,\ndairy products\nand ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks,\npet foods\n, and\nmedical food\n. Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion\nCHF\n(about\nUS$\n1.1\n \nbillion\n),\n[\n9\n]\nincluding\nNespresso\n,\nNescafé\n,\nNestea\n,\nKit Kat\n,\nSmarties\n,\nNesquik\n,\nStouffer Corporation\n,\nVittel\n, and\nMaggi\n. As of 2025\n, Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people.\n[\n10\n]\nIt is one of the main shareholders of\nL'Oreal\n, the world's largest cosmetics company.\n[\n11\n]\nNestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of\nAnglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\n, which was established in 1866 by brothers\nGeorge Ham Page\nand Charles Page, and \"Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé\" founded in 1867 by\nHenri Nestlé\n.\n[\n12\n]\nThe company grew significantly during\nWorld War I\nand again following\nWorld War II\n, expanding its offerings beyond its early\ncondensed milk\nand\ninfant formula\nproducts. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including\nFindus\nin 1963,\nLibby's\nin 1971,\nRowntree Mackintosh\nin 1988,\nKlim\nin 1998, and\nGerber\nin 2007.\nNestlé has faced\nlongstanding criticism\nover its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked\na boycott in the 1970s\nfor discouraging\nbreastfeeding\n. It has also been accused of benefiting from\nchild labor\n,\nforced labor\n, and\ndeforestation\nin West African cocoa production, fined for\nprice-fixing\ncartels and criticized for its\nwater extraction\npractices.\nHistory\n1866–1900: Founding and early years\nHenri Nestlé\n(1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of\ncondensed milk\n.\nNestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout\nEurope\nand the\nUnited States\n.\n[\n13\n]\nTimeline\n1866: Charles Page (\nUS consul to Switzerland\n) and\nGeorge Ham Page\n, brothers from\nLee County, Illinois\n, established the\nAnglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\nin\nCham\n, Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at\nChippenham\n, Wiltshire in 1873.\n[\n14\n]\n[\n15\n]\n1867: In Vevey, Switzerland,\nHenri Nestlé\ndeveloped milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year,\nDaniel Peter\nbegan seven years of work perfecting the\nmilk chocolate\nmanufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.\n1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as\nSociété Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé\n.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\n[\n16\n]\n1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added\ncondensed milk\nto its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.\n1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.\n[\n17\n]\n1890: Henri Nestlé died.\n1901–1989: Mergers\nIn the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the\nchocolate industry in Switzerland\n, together with the\nPeter\n,\nKohler\n, and\nCailler\nfamilies.\n[\n18\n]\nIn 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of\nCharles-Amédée Kohler\nwho founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the\nSociété générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis\n. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.\n[\n19\n]\nAlexandre Cailler (grandson of\nFrançois-Louis Cailler\n) had founded a chocolate factory in\nBroc\nin 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.\n[\n20\n]\n[\n21\n]\nAn earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the\nFulton\nplant.\n[\n22\n]\nIn 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits\nMaggi\nSA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.\n[\n23\n]\nThe\nFirst World War\ncreated a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nCertificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918\nIn January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in\nOregon\nfrom the company\nGeibisch and Joplin\nfor $250,000. One was in\nBandon\n, while the other was in\nMilwaukie\n. They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.\n[\n24\n]\nAleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s\nAfter the\nWorld War I\n, government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity;\nwhite chocolate\nwas created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by\nÉdouard Muller\ntill his death in 1948.\nNestlé felt the effects of the\nSecond World War\nimmediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939.\n[\n25\n]\nFactories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.\n[\n26\n]\nIronically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product,\nNescafé\n(\"Nestlé's Coffee\"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.\n[\n26\n]\nThe logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966\n[\n27\n]\nThe end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with\nMaggi\n, a manufacturer of seasonings and soups.\nCrosse & Blackwell\nfollowed in 1960, as did\nFindus\n(1963),\nLibby's\n(1971), and\nStouffer's\n(1973).\n[\n28\n]\nDiversification came under chairman & CEO\nPierre Liotard-Vogt\nwith a shareholding in\nL'Oreal\nin 1974 and the acquisition of\nAlcon Laboratories Inc.\nin 1977 for $280 million.\n[\n28\n]\nIn the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions.\nCarnation\nwas acquired for US$3 billion in 1984 and brought the\nevaporated milk\nbrand, as well as\nCoffee-Mate\nand\nFriskies\n, to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded\nNestlé Nespresso S.A.\nThe British confectionery company\nRowntree Mackintosh\nwas acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such as\nKit Kat\n,\nRolo\n,\nSmarties\n, and\nAero\n.\n[\n29\n]\n1990–2011: International growth\nThe first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included\nSan Pellegrino\n(1997),\nD'Onofrio\n(1997), and\nSpillers Petfoods\n(1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm\nEQT AB\n.\n[\n30\n]\n[\n31\n]\nIn the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included\nRalston Purina\n(2002),\nDreyer's\nice cream, and a\nUS$\n2.6\n \nbillion\nacquisition of\nChef America\n, the creator of\nHot Pockets\n. In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company\nHershey's\n, one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.\n[\n32\n]\nIn December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.\n[\n33\n]\nIn January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.\n[\n34\n]\nIn June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company\nJenny Craig\nfor\nUS$600\n \nmillion\n.\n[\n35\n]\nIn July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for\nUS$2.5\n \nbillion\nand also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as\nOvaltine\n, the \"Boost\" and \"Resource\" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.\n[\n36\n]\nThe Brazilian president,\nLula da Silva\n, inaugurates a factory in\nFeira de Santana\n(\nBahia\n), in February 2007.\nIn April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer\nGerber\nfor\nUS$5.5\n \nbillion\n.\n[\n37\n]\n[\n38\n]\n[\n39\n]\nIn December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker,\nPierre Marcolini\n.\n[\n40\n]\nIn late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found\nmelamine\nin a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.\n[\n41\n]\n[\n42\n]\nThe following June, an\noutbreak\nof\nE. coli\nO157:H7\nwas linked to Nestlé's refrigerated\ncookie dough\noriginating in a plant in\nDanville\n, Virginia.\n[\n43\n]\nNestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in\nAlcon\nto\nNovartis\non 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader\nUS$39.3\n \nbillion\noffer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.\n[\n44\n]\nOn March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of\nKraft Foods\n's North American frozen pizza business for\nUS$3.7\n \nbillion\n, which included brands such as\nDiGiorno\n,\nTombstone\n, and\nCalifornia Pizza Kitchen\n.\n[\n45\n]\n[\n46\n]\nSince 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a\nnutrition\n, health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop \"a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals\" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace\npharmaceutical drugs\nfrom pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.\n[\n47\n]\nIt acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with\ngenetic disorders\n, in August 2010.\n[\n48\n]\nIn July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about\nUS$1.7\n \nbillion\n.\n[\n49\n]\nOn 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire\nPfizer Inc.\n's\ninfant-nutrition\n, formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for\nUS$11.9\n \nbillion\n, topping a joint bid from\nDanone\nand Mead Johnson.\n[\n50\n]\n[\n51\n]\n[\n52\n]\n2012–present\nIn recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops\nkiwifruit\n-based food products as of 2012.\n[\n53\n]\nNestlé sold its\nJenny Craig\nbusiness unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.\n[\n54\n]\nIn February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.\n[\n55\n]\nIn February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.\n[\n56\n]\nLater, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.\n[\n57\n]\nIn December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as\nIntel\nand\nBank of America\n.\n[\n58\n]\nIn May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of\nUttar Pradesh\n, India, found that samples of\nNestlé India\n's\nMaggi\nnoodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to\nmonosodium glutamate\n.\n[\n59\n]\n[\n60\n]\n[\n61\n]\nIn January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from\nGlendale, California\n, to\nRosslyn, Virginia\n, outside of\nWashington, DC\n.\n[\n62\n]\nIn March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in\nKit Kat\n,\nYorkie\nand\nAero\nchocolate bars by 10% by 2018.\n[\n63\n]\nIn July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.\n[\n64\n]\nThe company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by\nThird Point Management\nfounder\nDaniel S. Loeb\n, Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake,\n[\n65\n]\nexplaining how the firm should change its business structure.\n[\n66\n]\nConsequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.\n[\n66\n]\nIn 2016, Nestlé and\nPAI Partners\nestablish a joint venture,\nFroneri\n, to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.\n[\n67\n]\nIn March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the\nBeverage Partners Worldwide\nventure effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand\nNestea\non its own.\n[\n68\n]\nIn July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of\ninfant formula\nin Spain, containing two\nhuman milk oligosaccharides\n.\n[\n69\n]\nOligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula.\nIn September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of\nBlue Bottle Coffee\n.\n[\n70\n]\nWhile the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the\nFinancial Times\nreported \"Nestlé is understood to be paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle\".\n[\n71\n]\nIn September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.\n[\n72\n]\nNestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was \"delivering results\" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.\n[\n73\n]\n[\n74\n]\nIn January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the\n100 Grand\n,\nBabyRuth\n,\nButterfinger\n,\nOhHenry!\n,\nRaisinets\nand\nSnoCaps\nto\nFerrara Candy Company\n, an American-based chocolate and candy maker and\nFerrero\n-related company.\n[\n75\n]\nThe company was sold for a total of an estimated $2.8 billion.\n[\n75\n]\nIn May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and\nStarbucks\nstruck a $7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.\n[\n76\n]\nIn September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion.\n[\n77\n]\n[\n78\n]\nIn October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with\nSAP\n&\nEnterpriseAlumni\n, to engage with their over 1 million\nalumni\nglobally.\n[\n79\n]\nIn 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.\n[\n80\n]\nIn 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by\nFroneri\n.\n[\n81\n]\nAlso during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a \"tuna salad\" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.\n[\n82\n]\nOn 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and\nMetropoulos & Co\n. The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.\n[\n83\n]\n[\n84\n]\nIn early April 2021, the sale was concluded.\n[\n85\n]\nThe\nCOVID-19 pandemic\ndid not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.\n[\n86\n]\nIn April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing\nBountiful Company\n, formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for $5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's\n[\nwhich?\n]\ngrowth that quarter came from \"vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system\". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.\n[\n87\n]\n[\n88\n]\n[\n89\n]\nIn July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio.\n[\n90\n]\nIn January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.\n[\n91\n]\nIn May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the\nBrazilian\norganic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.\n[\n92\n]\nIn May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the\n2022 United States infant formula shortage\n. These relief shipments included products from the\nGerber\nbaby food formula brand from the\nNetherlands\nand Alfamino baby formula from\nSwitzerland\n.\n[\n93\n]\nIn September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the\nExtrema, Minas Gerais\n-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.\n[\n94\n]\nFollowing the\n2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine\n, the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's\nNational Agency on Corruption Prevention\nlisted Nestlé as an\nInternational Sponsor of War\n. Nestle stated that it had already \"halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia\".\n[\n95\n]\nIn February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in\nIndia\nand increasing investments — the company will invest between\n₹\n60-65 billion ($723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.\n[\n96\n]\nNestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by\nLaurent Freixe\non September 1, 2024.\n[\n97\n]\nIn May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India.\n[\n98\n]\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee.\n[\n99\n]\nThe company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline.\n[\n99\n]\nThat investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm.\n[\n99\n]\nAfter the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct.\n[\n99\n]\nFreixe did not receive any remuneration on exit.\n[\n99\n]\nFollowing the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed\nPhilipp Navratil\nas its new chief executive saying \"the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.\".\n[\n99\n]\nNavratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001.\n[\n99\n]\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced\nBulcke\nwould leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition.\n[\n100\n]\nIn October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands.\n[\n101\n]\nOn 18 December 2025, Nestle announced\n[\n102\n]\nthe expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers.\n[\n103\n]\nThis is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception.\n[\n104\n]\nIn January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential\ncereulide\ntoxin contamination.\nAustria's health ministry\ndescribed the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history.\n[\n105\n]\nBy 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America.\n[\n106\n]\nIn March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to\nCenturium Capital\n. At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss.\n[\n107\n]\nCorporate affairs and governance\nNestlé USA headquarters at\n1812 N Moore\nin\nArlington, Virginia\nNestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building,\nKobe, Japan\nNestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025.\n[\n108\n]\nNestlé has a primary listing on the\nSIX Swiss Exchange\nand is a constituent of the\nSwiss Market Index\n. It previously had a secondary listing on\nEuronext\n.\nIn 2025, consolidated sales were\nCHF\n89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03\n \nbillion.\nResearch and development\ninvestment was CHF 1.61\n \nbillion.\n[\n10\n]\nSales per category in CHF\n[\n10\n]\n28.1% powdered and liquid beverages\n10.8% milk products and ice cream\n11.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids\n16.0% nutrition and health science\n20.6% pet care\n9.7% confectionery\n3.5% water\nPercentage of sales by geographic area breakdown\n[\n10\n]\n48% from Americas\n25% from Europe\n27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa\nAccording to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.\n[\n109\n]\nFinancial data\nFinancial data in billions of CHF\n[\n110\n]\nYear\n2011\n2012\n2013\n2014\n2015\n2016\n2017\n2018\n2019\n2020\n2021\n2022\n2023\n2024\n2025\nRevenue\n83.642\n92.186\n92.158\n91.612\n88.785\n89.469\n89.791\n91.439\n92.568\n84.343\n87.088\n94.780\n93.351\n91.720\n89.490\nNet income\n9.487\n10.611\n10.015\n14.456\n9.066\n8.531\n7.183\n10.135\n12.609\n12.232\n17.196\n9.270\n11.209\n10.884\n9.033\nAssets\n114.091\n126.229\n120.442\n133.450\n123.992\n131.901\n130.380\n137.015\n127.940\n124.028\n139.142\n135.182\n126.550\n139.264\n127.151\nEmployees\n328,000\n339,000\n333,000\n339,000\n335,000\n328,000\n323,000\n308,000\n291,000\n273,000\n276,000\n275,000\n277,000\n271.000\nCapital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:\n[\n111\n]\nSwitzerland (46.6%)\nUnited States (31.2%)\nAll others (22.2%)\nJoint ventures\nImportant joint ventures include:\nCereal Partners Worldwide\nwith\nGeneral Mills\nfor cereals (50%\/50%)\n[\n112\n]\nFroneri\nwith\nPAI Partners\nfor ice cream (50%\/50%)\n[\n113\n]\nNestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe\n[\n114\n]\nNestlé with\nStarbucks\nglobal licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés\n[\n115\n]\nLactalis Nestlé Produits Frais\nwith\nLactalis\n(40%\/60%)\n[\n116\n]\nNestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with\nIndofood\n(50%\/50%)\n[\n117\n]\nNestlé Snow with\nSnow Brand Milk Products\n(50%\/50%)\n[\n118\n]\nNestlé Modelo with\nGrupo Modelo\nfor distribution of bottled water\n[\n119\n]\nCEO\nChief executive officer:\n[\n120\n]\n1981-1997 :\nHelmut Maucher\n;\n1997-2008 :\nPeter Brabeck-Letmathe\n;\n2008-2016 :\nPaul Bulcke\n;\n2017-2024 :\nUlf Mark Schneider\n;\n2024-2025 :\nLaurent Freixe\n;\n2025–present:\nPhilipp Navratil\n.\nBoard of directors\nAs of 2025, the board is composed of:\nPablo Isla\n, chairman\nDick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V.\nMarie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO)\nRenato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of\nCredit Suisse\nPatrick Aebischer\n, former president of\nÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne\nDinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc.\nLindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA\nLuca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc.\nChris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc.\nRainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation\nGeraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich\n[\n10\n]\nLobbying\nThe company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.\n[\n121\n]\nIn the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was $1,951,667 each year.\n[\n122\n]\nBrands\nSamples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012\nNestlé currently has over 2,000 brands\n[\n123\n]\n[\n124\n]\nwith a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee,\nbottled water\n,\nmilkshakes\nand other\nbeverages\n,\nbreakfast cereals\n,\ninfant foods\n,\nperformance and healthcare nutrition\n,\nseasonings\n,\nsoups\nand\nsauces\n, frozen and refrigerated foods, and\npet food\n.\n[\n125\n]\nIn 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional\nplant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages\n.\n[\n126\n]\nMusic and entertainment\nIn 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of\nWalt Disney's\nEPCOT Center\n, including a major refurbishment of\nThe Land\npavilion.\nKraft Foods\nwithdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.\n[\n127\n]\nIn 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.\n[\n128\n]\nOn 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the\nBeijing Music Festival\nsigned an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.\n[\n129\n]\nNestlé has partnered the\nSalzburg Festival\nin Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the\nSalzburg Festival\nuntil 2015.\n[\n130\n]\nTogether, they have created the \"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award\", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.\n[\n131\n]\nSports\nNestlé's sponsorship of the\nTour de France\nbegan in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009,\nNestlé Waters\nand the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.\n[\n132\n]\nOn 27 January 2012, the\nInternational Association of Athletics Federations\nannounced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.\n[\n133\n]\nOn 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of\ndoping\nand corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including\nAdidas\n, also stopped supporting the IAAF.\n[\n134\n]\nIn 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.\n[\n135\n]\nIn 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the\nGreat Britain Lionesses\nWomen's rugby league\nteam for the team's second tour of Australia with its\nMunchies\nproduct.\n[\n136\n]\nNestlé supports the\nAustralian Institute of Sport\n(AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.\n[\n137\n]\nCorporate initiatives\nIn March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.\n[\n138\n]\nIn 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.\n[\n139\n]\n[\n140\n]\nNestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.\n[\n141\n]\n[\n142\n]\nRural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.\n[\n143\n]\nIt is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.\n[\n144\n]\nAwards\nYear\nBrand\nAward\nResult\n2010\nNestlé Purina\nMalcolm Baldrige National Quality Award\nWon\n2010\nN\/a\nIUoFST\nGold Food Industry Award\n[\n145\n]\nWon\n2011\nN\/a\nWorld Environment Center Gold Medal Award\nWon\n2014\nN\/a\nHenry Spira Corporate Progress Award\nWon\nControversies\nThe company has been associated with\nvarious controversies\n, facing criticism and\nboycotts\nover its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to\nbreastfeeding\nin developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use\nchild labour in cocoa production\n, and its production and promotion of\nbottled water\n.\nNestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with\nincidents of contaminated and infested food products,\nactively spreading disinformation about recycling,\nillegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations,\npreventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries,\nprice fixing,\nslave labor,\nchild labor,\nextensive union-busting activity, and\ndeforestation.\nBaby formula marketing\nConcern about Nestlé's \"aggressive marketing\" of their\nbreast milk\nsubstitutes, particularly in\nless economically developed countries\n(LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.\n[\n146\n]\nCritics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.\n[\n147\n]\nThis led to the\n1977 Nestlé boycott\nin the United States and Europe.\n[\n148\n]\n[\n149\n]\nSlave labour and child labour\nMultiple reports have documented the widespread use of\nchild labour\nas well as\nslavery\nand\nchild trafficking\nby\ncocoa\nsuppliers, throughout\nWest African\nplantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.\n[\n150\n]\n[\n151\n]\n[\n152\n]\n[\n153\n]\n[\n154\n]\nEnvironment\nClimate change\nIn 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing\nmethane emissions\nfrom livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on\ngreenhouse gas removal\nrather than source reduction.\n[\n155\n]\nNestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018.\n[\n156\n]\nWater\nAt the second\nWorld Water Forum\nin 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the\nWorld Water Council\nto change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a \"right\" to a \"need\". Nestlé continues to take control of\naquifers\nand bottle their water for profit.\n[\n157\n]\nA coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the\nAdvertising Standards of Canada\nafter Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, \"Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled\", \"\nNestlé Pure Life\nis a healthy, eco-friendly choice\", and, \"Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.\"\n[\n158\n]\n[\n159\n]\n[\n160\n]\n[\nneeds update\n]\nAnimal welfare\nIn 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the \"\nBetter Chicken Commitment\n\", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products.\n[\n161\n]\n[\n162\n]\nHowever, a 2025 review from\nCompassion in World Farming\nlisted that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge.\n[\n163\n]\nIn 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from\ncage-free\nsuppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021.\n[\n162\n]\nTurkey boycott\nIn 2024, the\nGrand National Assembly of Turkey\nannounced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel.\n[\n164\n]\nSee also\nBig Chocolate\nControversies of Nestle\nFarfel the Dog\nList of Nestlé brands\nNestlé Smarties Book Prize\nNestlé Tower\nUltra-processed food\nCompetitors\nCoca-Cola Company\nDanone\nFerrero SpA\nGeneral Mills\nThe Hershey Company\nHighland Spring\nKellogg's\nKraft Heinz\nLactalis\nMars, Inc.\nMondelez International\nMüller\nPepsiCo\nPost Holdings\nUnilever\nExplanatory notes\n^\nNot to be confused with\nSociété des Produits Nestlé S.A.\n, the group's\nintellectual property\n-holding subsidiary\nReferences\n^\n\"Financial Statements 2025\"\n(PDF)\n. Nestlé. 18 February 2026.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 3 March 2026\n. Retrieved\n3 March\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Management\"\n. Nestlé.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 June 2017\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"1978 Milky Bar commercial\"\n.\nYouTube\n(published 31 August 2012). 1978.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 May 2022\n. Retrieved\n7 May\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods\"\nArchived\n10 April 2014 at the\nWayback Machine\n, CNN Money, 1 April 2011\n^\n\"Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier\"\n,\nThe Economist\n, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012\n^\n\"Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world\"\n.\nForbes\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 October 2017\n. Retrieved\n26 October\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It\"\n.\nFortune\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 January 2018\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2018\n.\n^\n\"The Global 2000 2023\"\n.\nForbes\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 29 January 2024\n. Retrieved\n7 February\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches\"\nArchived\n9 December 2011 at the\nWayback Machine\nCNN, 2 July 2010.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\n\"Annual Review 2025\"\n(PDF)\n. Nestlé. 2026\n. Retrieved\n28 March\n2026\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: url-status (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says\"\nArchived\n8 July 2014 at the\nWayback Machine\n. Bloomberg, 14 April 2011\n^\n\"The History of Nestlé\"\n.\nCleverism\n. 3 September 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 May 2018\n. Retrieved\n25 May\n2018\n.\n^\nMowbray, Sean (13 May 2017).\n\"A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand\"\n.\nCulture Trip\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 4 August 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\n'Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire\nArchived\n21 November 2011 at the\nWayback Machine\n: Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010\n^\n\"Nestle SA | History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries\"\n.\nEncyclopedia Britannica\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 4 August 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise | House of Switzerland\"\n.\nhouseofswitzerland.org\n. 17 September 2018.\n^\nStradley, Linda (3 November 2015).\n\"Milk Chocolate History\"\n.\nWhat's Cooking America\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 December 2019\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\nHPatrick (3 January 2016).\n\"Swiss Chocolate Brands\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n5 August\n2015\n.\n^\n\"About Cailler\"\n.\nCailler\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 May 2022\n. Retrieved\n10 May\n2022\n.\n1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler.\n^\nChrystal, Paul (2021). \"The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century\".\nRowntree's – The Early History\n.\nPen and Sword Books\n.\nISBN\n \n9781526778901\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2023\n. Retrieved\n18 May\n2022\n.\nIn 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. [...] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group.\n^\nCandy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6\n. Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. \n28–\n29.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2023\n. Retrieved\n18 May\n2022\n.\nThe Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. [...] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production.\n^\nLacey, Darlene (2013).\nClassic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80\n. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16.\nISBN\n \n9780747813651\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2023\n. Retrieved\n18 May\n2022\n.\nIn 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this [milk chocolate] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began.\n^\n\"History of Nestlé\"\n.\nwww.englishteastore.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 4 August 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\nBlakely, Joe (2003). \"Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon\".\nOregon Historical Quarterly\n.\n104\n(4). Oregon Historical Society:\n566–\n577.\ndoi\n:\n10.1353\/ohq.2003.0004\n.\nJSTOR\n \n20615370\n.\nS2CID\n \n245852881\n.\n^\n\"1938 - 1944\"\n.\nnestle-cwa.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 May 2023\n. Retrieved\n9 May\n2023\n.\n^\na\nb\nOwles, Eric (27 June 2017).\n\"How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 September 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"The Nestlé logo evolution\"\n.\nNestle.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 February 2019\n. Retrieved\n25 February\n2019\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay\"\n.\nUKEssays.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 4 August 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\nAp (24 June 1988).\n\"Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 March 2020\n. Retrieved\n16 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Swedish keen to fish Findus from plughole\"\n. BNET. 17 April 1999\n. Retrieved\n13 January\n2011\n.\n^\n\"A&O and CC advise on Nestle Findus sell-off\"\n. The Lawyer. 25 October 1999\n. Retrieved\n9 February\n2013\n.\n^\n\"The inside story of the Cadbury takeover\"\n.\nFinancial Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 December 2022\n. Retrieved\n5 August\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé To Acquire Greek-Based Delta Ice Cream\"\n.\nNestlé Global\n. 19 December 2005.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 August 2021\n. Retrieved\n10 August\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé takes world ice cream lead\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 19 January 2006.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 February 2012\n. Retrieved\n22 February\n2007\n.\n^\n\"Jenny Craig Brings 5 Times Its Price in '02\"\n.\nThe New York Times\n. 20 June 2006.\nISSN\n \n0362-4331\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 March 2023\n. Retrieved\n12 March\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé completes takeover of Novartis food unit – SWI swissinfo.ch\"\n.\nSWI – the international service of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation\n. 2 July 2007.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 October 2016\n. Retrieved\n25 October\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to buy Gerber for $5.5B\"\n. CNN. 12 April 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 April 2007\n. Retrieved\n12 April\n2007\n.\n^\n\"Novartis completes its business portfolio restructuring, divesting Gerber for USD 5.5 billion to Nestlé\"\n. Novartis. 12 April 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 24 December 2008\n. Retrieved\n2 September\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Media releases\"\n. Novartis.com. 3 September 2007. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 January 2009\n. Retrieved\n8 January\n2010\n.\n^\n(Press release)\nNestlé enters into strategic partnership with Belgian luxury chocolate maker Pierre Marcolini\nArchived\n20 March 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n. Nestlé retrieved from it 23 March 2011.\n^\nMcDonald, Scott (22 September 2008).\n\"Nearly 53,000 Chinese children sick from milk\"\n. Associated Press.\n[\ndead link\n]\n^\nMacartney, Jane (22 September 2008).\n\"China baby milk scandal spreads as sick toll rises to 13,000\"\n.\nThe Times\n. London\n. Retrieved\n2 April\n2010\n.\n^\n\"FDA confirms E. coli found in Nestle cookie dough\"\n.\nReuters\n.\n^\nThomasson, Emma (4 January 2010).\n\"Novartis seeks to buy rest of Alcon for $39 billion\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 January 2010\n. Retrieved\n4 January\n2010\n.\n^\nCage, Sam (4 January 2010).\n\"Nestle buys Kraft pizza business for $3.7 billion\"\n.\nreuters.com\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé completes acquisition of Kraft Foods' frozen pizza business\"\n.\nnestle.com\n. 2 March 2010.\n^\nCampbell, Matthew; Gretler, Corinne (5 May 2016).\n\"Nestlé Wants to Sell You Both Sugary Snacks and Diabetes Pills\"\n.\nBloomberg.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 July 2016\n. Retrieved\n22 July\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to enter global market for clinical nutrition products\"\n.\nwww.nestle.com\n. 2 August 2010\n. Retrieved\n8 April\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to Buy 60% Stake in Hsu Fu Chi for .7 Billion\"\n.\nBloomberg\n. 11 July 2011.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n10 March\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to Acquire Pfizer Baby Food Unit for $11.9 Billion\"\nArchived\n30 December 2014 at the\nWayback Machine\n. Bloomberg, 23 April 2012\n^\n\"Mead Johnson looks tasty, but Abbott may have to pass\"\n.\nCrain's Chicago Business\n. 13 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 April 2022\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to buy Pfizer Nutrition for $11.85bn\"\n. NewStatesman.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestle Acquires Stake in \"Brain Food\" Company\"\n.\nLA Weekly\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\nRizzo, Lillian (16 July 2014).\n\"PE Deals for Weight Loss Brands Face Shifting Diet Demographics\"\n.\nWall Street Journal\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé buys Louisiana depression food firm\"\n. Nutra. 27 February 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n5 August\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé Sells PowerBar Brand\"\n.\nWall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé Explores Sale of Frozen Food Unit Davigel\"\n.\nWall Street Journal\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestle invests more in skin care strategy with 10 research centers\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n1 July\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Beware! Eating 2 -Minute Maggi Noodles can ruin your Nervous System\"\n. news.biharprabha.com. 18 May 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 May 2015\n. Retrieved\n18 May\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Maggi Noodles Packets Recalled Across Uttar Pradesh, Say Food Inspectors: Report\"\n.\nNDTV\n. New Delhi, India. 20 May 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 May 2015\n. Retrieved\n20 May\n2015\n.\n^\nSushmi Dey (16 May 2015).\n\"\n'Maggi' under regulatory scanner for lead, MSG beyond permissible limit\"\n.\nThe Times of India\n. New Delhi, India.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 May 2015\n. Retrieved\n20 May\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Nestle Nestlé to Move U.S. Headquarters to Rosslyn\"\n. ArlNow.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 February 2017\n. Retrieved\n1 February\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Kit Kat sugar content to be cut by 10%, says Nestle\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 8 March 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 May 2018\n. Retrieved\n21 June\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Shreddies are about to get a lot healthier\"\n.\nThe Independent\n. 4 July 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 July 2017\n. Retrieved\n24 July\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestle plans $20.8 billion share buyback amid Third Point pressure\"\n.\nReuters\n. 27 June 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 July 2017\n. Retrieved\n24 July\n2017\n.\n^\na\nb\nChaudhuri, Saabira; Blackstone, Brian (27 June 2017).\n\"Nestlé Plans Share Buyback After Pressure From Third Point\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nISSN\n \n0099-9660\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 July 2017\n. Retrieved\n24 July\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé and R&R to create Froneri, an ice cream and frozen food joint venture\"\n.\nNestlé Global\n. 27 April 2016.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 12 January 2020\n. Retrieved\n12 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé, Coca-Cola end the Beverage Partners Worldwide joint venture\"\n. IFT. 7 March 2017\n. Retrieved\n15 May\n2022\n.\n[\ndead link\n]\n^\ndairyreporter.com (4 July 2017).\n\"Nestlé Spain develops first infant formula with two breast milk oligosaccharides\"\n.\ndairyreporter.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 December 2021\n. Retrieved\n16 February\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Nestle Is Said to Pay $425 Million to Buy Blue Bottle Coffee\"\n.\nBloombery Business\n. 14 September 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 September 2017\n. Retrieved\n20 September\n2017\n.\n^\nAtkins, Ralph; Bradshaw, Tim (14 September 2017).\n\"Nestlé breaks into US hipster coffee market with Blue Bottle deal\"\n.\nFinancial Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 September 2017\n. Retrieved\n20 September\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé agrees to acquire plant-based food brand Sweet Earth\"\n.\nFood Bev Media\n. 7 September 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 September 2017\n. Retrieved\n20 September\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Loeb pressures Nestle for more sales, restructuring\"\n.\nReuters\n. 2 July 2018.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 April 2019\n. Retrieved\n22 April\n2019\n– via www.reuters.com.\n^\nMullen, Jethro (2 July 2018).\n\"Nestle: Hedge fund billionaire Dan Loeb slams 'muddled' strategy\"\n.\nMoney.cnn.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 August 2018\n. Retrieved\n25 November\n2018\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Nestle is selling its U.S. candy business to Ferrero for about $2.8 billion\"\n.\nUSA TODAY\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 January 2018\n. Retrieved\n17 January\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé And Starbucks Agree To A $7B Distribution Deal, But Will It Work In The Long Term?\nArchived\n7 May 2018 at the\nWayback Machine\n\"\nForbes Big Business\n. Retrieved 7 May 2018.\n^\nScism, Leslie; Barba, Robert (17 September 2018).\n\"Nestlé to Sell Gerber Life Insurance to Western & Southern Financial\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nISSN\n \n0099-9660\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 September 2018\n. Retrieved\n18 September\n2018\n.\n^\nAssis, Claudia.\n\"Nestlé to sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion\"\n.\nMarketWatch\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 September 2018\n. Retrieved\n18 September\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Archived copy\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 July 2019\n. Retrieved\n6 December\n2019\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Nestle to adopt Nutri-Score labelling system in continental Europe | Food Industry News | just-food\"\n.\nwww.just-food.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 January 2021\n. Retrieved\n30 June\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Froneri acquisition of Nestle USA\"\n.\nwww.froneri.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 March 2020\n. Retrieved\n11 January\n2020\n.\n^\nEvans, Judith (13 February 2020).\n\"Nestlé eyes 'once in a generation' plant-based opportunity\"\n.\nFinancial Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 December 2022\n. Retrieved\n18 February\n2020\n.\n^\n\"One Rock and Metropoulos & Co. to acquire Nestlé Waters North America\"\n.\nCNBC\n. 17 February 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 17 February 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 February\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé water-bottling operations sold to equity firm for $4.3 billion\"\n.\nCTV News\n. 17 February 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 February 2021\n. Retrieved\n18 February\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Archeological Find Unearthed in Kitchener\"\n. 2 April 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 4 May 2021\n. Retrieved\n2 April\n2021\n.\nThe 4.3 billion U.S. dollar sale of Nestle Waters North America to One Rock Capital Partners LLC was announced in February and the sale closed on Wednesday\n^\n\"Coffee, dairy help Nestle post strongest quarter in a decade\"\n.\nReuters\n. 22 April 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n22 April\n2021\n.\n^\nKostov, Nick (30 April 2021).\n\"Nestlé Expands in Vitamins With $5.75 Billion Nature's Bounty Deal\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n.\nISSN\n \n0099-9660\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n30 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nestle buys vitamin maker Bountiful's main brands for $5.75 billion\"\n.\nCNBC\n. 30 April 2021.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n30 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"Nestle to Buy Vitamin Brands From KKR for $5.75 Billion\"\n.\nBloomberg.com\n. 30 April 2021\n. Retrieved\n30 April\n2021\n.\n^\n\"NHSc to acquire the Mevalia® and ComidaMed® brands from Dr. Schär\"\n.\nwww.nestlehealthscience.com\n. Retrieved\n8 April\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé will pay African cocoa farmers to keep children in schools\"\n.\nSWI swissinfo.ch\n. 27 January 2022.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 January 2022\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé To Acquire Brazilian Plant-Based Firm Puravida\"\n.\nESM Magazine\n. 24 May 2022.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 May 2022\n. Retrieved\n24 May\n2022\n.\n^\n\"Nestle Flying in Baby Formula to Ease U.S. Shortage\"\nArchived\n5 June 2022 at the\nWayback Machine\n.\nwebmd.com\n. Retrieved 4 June 2022.\n^\nEgginton, Tess (7 September 2023).\n\"Nestlé to acquire majority stake in Brazilian premium chocolate company\"\n.\nFood & Drink International\n. Retrieved\n8 September\n2023\n.\n^\n\"Ukraine labels Nestlé a 'sponsor' of Russia's war of aggression\"\n.\nSWI swissinfo\n. 2 November 2023.\n^\n\"Nestle investing Rs 6,000-6,500 cr to expand manufacturing ops in India, says top official\"\n.\nThe Economic Times\n. 8 February 2024. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 February 2024\n. Retrieved\n26 February\n2024\n.\n^\nAgnew, Harriet; Speed, Madeleine (23 August 2024).\n\"Nestlé chief executive Mark Schneider to step down\"\n.\nwww.ft.com\n. Retrieved\n23 August\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Nestle SA acquires minority stake in Drools Pet Food\"\n.\nETRetail.com\n. Retrieved\n8 June\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\ne\nf\ng\nMiller, Robert (2 September 2025).\n\"Nestlé CEO loses job after 'romantic relationship' with staff member\"\n.\nwww.thetimes.com\n. Retrieved\n2 September\n2025\n.\n^\nswissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (17 September 2025).\n\"Nestlé Chairman Paul Bulcke steps down earlier than planned\"\n.\nSWI swissinfo.ch\n. Retrieved\n17 September\n2025\n.\n^\nPatrick, Aimee Look and Margot (16 October 2025).\n\"Nestlé Plan to Slash 16,000 Jobs Sparks Share Jump\"\n.\nThe Wall Street Journal\n. Retrieved\n16 October\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to expand its maternal health offering to support motherhood\"\n.\nNestlé Global\n. 17 July 2024\n. Retrieved\n29 December\n2025\n.\n^\nMedia, Cns (19 December 2025).\n\"Nestlé expands Materna supplement line to support pregnancy and postpartum health\"\n.\nhttps:\/\/www.nutritioninsight.com\n. Retrieved\n29 December\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé to expand its maternal health offering to support motherhood\"\n.\nDairyNews\n. Retrieved\n29 December\n2025\n.\n^\nMarrow, Alexander; Hirt, Oliver (6 January 2026).\n\"Nestle recalls infant formula batches in 25 countries over toxin risk\"\n. Reuters\n. Retrieved\n9 January\n2026\n.\n^\nGomez, Julia (9 January 2026).\n\"Nestlé recalls infant formula in 49 countries\"\n. USA Today\n. Retrieved\n11 January\n2026\n.\n^\n\"Centurium Capital Acquires Loss - Making Blue Bottle Coffee: Exclusive\"\n.\neu.36kr.com\n. Retrieved\n6 March\n2026\n.\n^\nForbes list of world's top companies\nArchived\n3 August 2017 at the\nWayback Machine\nRetrieved 20 May 2015.\n^\n\"The Global RepTrak 100: The World's Most Reputable Companies (2015)\"\n(PDF)\n. Reputation Institute. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 4 March 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Nestle Bilanz, Gewinn und Umsatz | Nestle Geschäftsbericht | A0Q4DC\"\n.\nwallstreet-online.de\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 November 2018\n. Retrieved\n5 November\n2018\n.\n^\nNestle.\nNestle annual review 2023\n(PDF)\n(Report). Nestle. p. 57\n. Retrieved\n13 May\n2024\n.\n^\n\"General Mills: Joint ventures\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n25 August\n2015\n.\n^\nNestlé and R&R to create Froneri, an ice cream and frozen food joint venture\nPress release, Nestlé, 27 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2026\n^\nNestlé and PAI to create joint venture for frozen pizza in Europe\nPress release, Nestlé, 21 April 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2026\n^\nNestlé and Starbucks close deal for the perpetual global license of Starbucks Consumer Packaged Goods and Foodservice products\nPress Release, Nestlé, 28 August 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2026\n^\n\"Nestlé plans chilled dairy improvement with Lactalis venture\"\nArchived\n29 May 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n,\nDairy Reporter\n, 16 December 2005.\n^\n\"Nestlé, Indofood create culinary product JV\"\n.\nFoodNavigator-Asia.com\n. 28 February 2005. Archived from\nthe original\non 16 November 2012\n. Retrieved\n18 May\n2012\n.\n^\n\"Snow Brand times thawing with Nestlé joint venture\"\nArchived\n24 May 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n,\nFood Navigator\n, 24 January 2001.\n^\nNestlé Waters and Grupo Modelo in Mexican bottled water alliance\nPress Release, Nestlé, 29 November 2006. Retrieved 29 March 2026\n^\n\"Base de données des élites suisses | Nestlé\"\n.\n^\n\"South Australian Register of Lobbyists - Etched Communications\"\n(PDF)\n. 18 December 2017.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 13 April 2018.\n^\nDoering, Christopher (6 December 2021).\n\"Where the dollars go: Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs\"\n. fooddive.com. Food Dive.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 March 2022\n. Retrieved\n21 March\n2022\n.\n^\nSmith, Aaron.\n\"Nestle selling U.S. candy brands to Nutella company\"\n.\nCNNMoney\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 June 2018\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2018\n.\n^\n\"From Milkmaids to Multinational Markets: Nestlé's Branding Story\"\n.\nwww.wipo.int\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 June 2018\n. Retrieved\n18 June\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Annual Results 2014\"\n(PDF)\n. Nestlé.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 25 March 2015\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2015\n.\n^\nHanna Ziady (17 January 2020).\n\"The world's biggest food company is now making vegan sausages\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 January 2020\n. Retrieved\n19 January\n2020\n.\n^\nPendleton, Jennifer (23 November 1993)\nRich deal for Disney, Nestlé\"\n,\nVariety\n^\n\"The Land\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 12 February 2017\n. Retrieved\n1 February\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé continues sponsorship of the Beijing Music Festival\"\nArchived\n16 July 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n, China.org, 6 August 2010\n^\n\"Nestlé extends Salzburg Festival partnership until 2015\"\nArchived\n8 December 2011 at the\nWayback Machine\n, Nestlé, 5 October 2011\n^\n\"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award 2015\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 4 March 2016\n. Retrieved\n30 December\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé confirms sponsorship renewal of Tour de France\"\n.\nFoodBev\n. 16 July 2009.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"IAAF, Nestlé becomes main sponsor of worldwide IAAF Kids' Athletics\"\nArchived\n16 May 2012 at the\nWayback Machine\n, 27 January 2012\n^\nReinsch, Michael (10 February 2016).\nLeichtathletik-Weltverband „toxisch“\nArchived\n16 February 2016 at the\nWayback Machine\n(in German).\nFrankfurter Allgemeine\nSport. Retrieved 11 February 2016.\n^\n\"UK: Nestle Waters secures Tour de France tie-up for Buxton Natural Mineral Water\"\n. 19 June 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n31 August\n2015\n.\n^\n\"UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team\"\n. 18 June 2002.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 February 2014\n. Retrieved\n24 February\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé and AIS Sports Nutrition\"\n. Australian Government. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 May 2012.\n^\n\"Providing Context to the 2012 Nestlé FTSE4Good BMS Verification\"\n(PDF)\n.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 16 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n22 September\n2015\n.\n^\nMathe, Agnes (24 June 2021).\n\"Global Consumer Brands Unveil World's First Enzymatically Recycled Bottles\"\n.\nCarbios\n.\n^\n\"Why PepsiCo, L'Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup\"\n.\ngreenbiz.com\n. 7 May 2020.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 May 2020\n. Retrieved\n21 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Global Shared Value Prize on Offer\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 October 2015\n. Retrieved\n15 September\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Entries open for CHF 500k Nestlé Creating Shared Value Prize\"\n.\nUK Fundraising\n. 9 December 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n5 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Women's Rights: Nestlé on female cocoa farmers\"\n. ConfectioneryNews.com. 8 March 2013.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 September 2015\n. Retrieved\n15 September\n2015\n.\n^\n\"How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 August 2016\n. Retrieved\n1 February\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé wins global food industry award\"\n.\nCSR Europe\n. 24 August 2010. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 January 2013.\n^\n\"Nestle to respond to baby milk criticism in coming days\"\n.\nReuters\n. 2 February 2018. Archived from\nthe original\non 24 August 2019\n. Retrieved\n24 August\n2019\n.\n^\nPlüss, Jessica (10 January 2020).\n\"Nestlé struggles to win over baby formula critics\"\n.\nSwissinfo\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 May 2022\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2023\n.\n^\nMoorhead, Joanna\n(15 May 2007).\n\"Milking it\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2019\n. Retrieved\n23 August\n2019\n.\n^\nHan, Soul (30 September 2021).\n\"International groups boycott Nestle products to end indiscriminate advertising, 1977-1984\"\n.\nThe Commons Social Change Library\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 November 2022\n. Retrieved\n10 November\n2022\n.\n^\nRaghavan, Sudarsan; Chatterjee, Sumana (24 June 2001).\n\"Slaves feed world's taste for chocolate: Captives common in cocoa farms of Africa\"\n.\nMilwaukee Journal Sentinel\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 17 September 2006\n. Retrieved\n25 April\n2012\n.\n^\n\"Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing\"\n(PDF)\n.\nInternational Labour Organization\n. 2005.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 30 June 2012\n. Retrieved\n26 April\n2012\n.\n^\nWolfe, David; Shazzie (2005).\nNaked Chocolate: The Astonishing Truth about the World's Greatest Food\n. North Atlantic Books. p. 98.\nISBN\n \n1556437315\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2023\n. Retrieved\n15 December\n2011\n.\n^\nHawksley, Humphrey\n(12 April 2001).\n\"Mali's children in chocolate slavery\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 December 2008\n. Retrieved\n2 January\n2010\n.\n^\nHawksley, Humphrey\n(4 May 2001).\n\"Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 January 2009\n. Retrieved\n4 August\n2010\n.\n^\nSherrington, Rachel; Healy, Hazel (3 June 2025).\n\"Food Giants' Climate Plans Lack Credibility, New Report Finds\"\n.\nDeSmog\n. Retrieved\n3 December\n2025\n.\n^\nWatson, Elaine (5 June 2025).\n\"Danone and Nestlé hit back after new report accuses Big Food of 'corporate greenwashing.'\n\"\n.\nAgFunderNews\n. Retrieved\n3 December\n2025\n.\n^\nMuir, Paul (28 November 2013).\n\"The human rights and wrongs of Nestlé and water for all\"\n.\nThe National\n. Abu Dhabi.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 29 June 2017\n. Retrieved\n21 April\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say\"\n.\nCBC News\n. 1 December 2008.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 January 2016\n. Retrieved\n4 January\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing\"\n.\nPolaris Institute\n. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014\n. Retrieved\n30 November\n2010\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (\nlink\n)\n^\nAnderson, Scott (1 December 2008).\n\"Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups\"\n.\nReuters\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 May 2010\n. Retrieved\n30 November\n2010\n.\n^\n\"The Policy - BCC [EU]\"\n.\nbetterchickencommitment.com\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Animal Welfare\"\n.\nNestle.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 11 April 2025\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Animal welfare standards remain a worry as chicken commitments wane\"\n.\nwww.ingredientsnetwork.com\n. Retrieved\n11 April\n2025\n.\n^\n\"Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support\"\n.\nReuters\n. 7 November 2023\n. Retrieved\n2 August\n2024\n.\nExternal links\nWikimedia Commons has media related to\nNestlé\n.\nOfficial website\nDocuments and clippings about Nestlé\nin the\n20th Century Press Archives\nof the\nZBW","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [1\\.1 1866–1900: Founding and early years](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#1866%E2%80%931900:_Founding_and_early_years)\n    - [1\\.1.1 Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Timeline)\n  - [1\\.2 1901–1989: Mergers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#1901%E2%80%931989:_Mergers)\n  - [1\\.3 1990–2011: International growth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#1990%E2%80%932011:_International_growth)\n  - [1\\.4 2012–present](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#2012%E2%80%93present)\n- [2 Corporate affairs and governance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Corporate_affairs_and_governance)\n  Toggle Corporate affairs and governance subsection\n  - [2\\.1 Financial data](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Financial_data)\n  - [2\\.2 Joint ventures](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Joint_ventures)\n  - [2\\.3 CEO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#CEO)\n  - [2\\.4 Board of directors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Board_of_directors)\n  - [2\\.5 Lobbying](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Lobbying)\n- [3 Brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Brands)\n- [4 Sponsorships](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Sponsorships)\n  Toggle Sponsorships subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Music and entertainment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Music_and_entertainment)\n  - [4\\.2 Sports](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Sports)\n- [5 Corporate initiatives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Corporate_initiatives)\n- [6 Awards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Awards)\n- [7 Controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Controversies)\n  Toggle Controversies subsection\n  - [7\\.1 Baby formula marketing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Baby_formula_marketing)\n  - [7\\.2 Slave labour and child labour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Slave_labour_and_child_labour)\n  - [7\\.3 Environment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Environment)\n    - [7\\.3.1 Climate change](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Climate_change)\n    - [7\\.3.2 Water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Water)\n  - [7\\.4 Animal welfare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Animal_welfare)\n  - [7\\.5 Turkey boycott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Turkey_boycott)\n- [8 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#See_also)\n- [9 Explanatory notes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#Explanatory_notes)\n- [10 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#References)\n- [11 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Nestlé\n88 languages\n\n- [Afrikaans](https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Afrikaans\")\n- [Alemannisch](https:\/\/als.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Alemannic\")\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 \"نستله – Arabic\")\n- [الدارجة](https:\/\/ary.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A \"نيستلي – Moroccan Arabic\")\n- [مصرى](https:\/\/arz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 \"نستله – Egyptian Arabic\")\n- [Asturianu](https:\/\/ast.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Asturian\")\n- [Azərbaycanca](https:\/\/az.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestle \"Nestle – Azerbaijani\")\n- [تۆرکجه](https:\/\/azb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 \"نستله – South Azerbaijani\")\n- [Bikol Central](https:\/\/bcl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Central Bikol\")\n- [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https:\/\/be-tarask.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)\")\n- [Беларуская](https:\/\/be.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Belarusian\")\n- [Betawi](https:\/\/bew.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/N%C3%A9sl%C3%A9 \"Néslé – Betawi\")\n- [Български](https:\/\/bg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5 \"Нестле – Bulgarian\")\n- [বাংলা](https:\/\/bn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87 \"নেসলে – Bangla\")\n- [Català](https:\/\/ca.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Catalan\")\n- [Cebuano](https:\/\/ceb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Cebuano\")\n- [کوردی](https:\/\/ckb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95 \"نێستلە – Central Kurdish\")\n- [Čeština](https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Czech\")\n- [Чӑвашла](https:\/\/cv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestle \"Nestle – Chuvash\")\n- [Dansk](https:\/\/da.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Danish\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – German\")\n- [Ελληνικά](https:\/\/el.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Greek\")\n- [Esperanto](https:\/\/eo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Esperanto\")\n- [Español](https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Spanish\")\n- [Eesti](https:\/\/et.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Estonian\")\n- [Euskara](https:\/\/eu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Basque\")\n- [فارسی](https:\/\/fa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 \"نستله – Persian\")\n- [Suomi](https:\/\/fi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Finnish\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – French\")\n- [Arpetan](https:\/\/frp.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Arpitan\")\n- [Gaeilge](https:\/\/ga.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Irish\")\n- [Galego](https:\/\/gl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Galician\")\n- [Hausa](https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Hausa\")\n- [עברית](https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94 \"נסטלה – Hebrew\")\n- [हिन्दी](https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 \"नेस्ले – Hindi\")\n- [Hrvatski](https:\/\/hr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Croatian\")\n- [Magyar](https:\/\/hu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Hungarian\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5 \"Նեստլե – Armenian\")\n- [Արեւմտահայերէն](https:\/\/hyw.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Western Armenian\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Indonesian\")\n- [Íslenska](https:\/\/is.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Icelandic\")\n- [Italiano](https:\/\/it.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Italian\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AC \"ネスレ – Japanese\")\n- [Jawa](https:\/\/jv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Javanese\")\n- [ქართული](https:\/\/ka.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Georgian\")\n- [Қазақша](https:\/\/kk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Kazakh\")\n- [ಕನ್ನಡ](https:\/\/kn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86 \"ನೆಸ್ಲೆ – Kannada\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A0%88 \"네슬레 – Korean\")\n- [Latina](https:\/\/la.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Latin\")\n- [Lietuvių](https:\/\/lt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Lithuanian\")\n- [Latviešu](https:\/\/lv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Latvian\")\n- [Malagasy](https:\/\/mg.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Malagasy\")\n- [Македонски](https:\/\/mk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestle \"Nestle – Macedonian\")\n- [മലയാളം](https:\/\/ml.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86 \"നെസ്ലെ – Malayalam\")\n- [मराठी](https:\/\/mr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 \"नेस्ले – Marathi\")\n- [Bahasa Melayu](https:\/\/ms.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Malay\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Dutch\")\n- [Norsk nynorsk](https:\/\/nn.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Norwegian Nynorsk\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87 \"ਨੇਸਲੇ – Punjabi\")\n- [Polski](https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Polish\")\n- [پنجابی](https:\/\/pnb.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92 \"نیسلے – Western Punjabi\")\n- [Português](https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Portuguese\")\n- [Română](https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Romanian\")\n- [Русский](https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Russian\")\n- [Саха тыла](https:\/\/sah.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Yakut\")\n- [Scots](https:\/\/sco.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Scots\")\n- [Srpskohrvatski \/ српскохрватски](https:\/\/sh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Serbo-Croatian\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Simple English\")\n- [Slovenčina](https:\/\/sk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Slovak\")\n- [Shqip](https:\/\/sq.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Albanian\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Serbian\")\n- [Svenska](https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Swedish\")\n- [தமிழ்](https:\/\/ta.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87 \"நெஸ்லே – Tamil\")\n- [ไทย](https:\/\/th.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88 \"เนสท์เล่ – Thai\")\n- [Tagalog](https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Tagalog\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Turkish\")\n- [Українська](https:\/\/uk.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Ukrainian\")\n- [اردو](https:\/\/ur.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92 \"نیسلے – Urdu\")\n- [Oʻzbekcha \/ ўзбекча](https:\/\/uz.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestle \"Nestle – Uzbek\")\n- [Vèneto](https:\/\/vec.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A8 \"Nestlè – Venetian\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Vietnamese\")\n- [Winaray](https:\/\/war.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Waray\")\n- [吴语](https:\/\/wuu.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8 \"雀巢公司 – Wu\")\n- [Yorùbá](https:\/\/yo.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Yoruba\")\n- [閩南語 \/ Bân-lâm-gí](https:\/\/zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Nestlé – Minnan\")\n- [粵語](https:\/\/zh-yue.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8 \"雀巢公司 – Cantonese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2 \"雀巢 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q160746#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Nestl%C3%A9 \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=edit \"This page is protected.\n  You can view its source [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9)\n- [View source](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=edit)\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Nestl%C3%A9 \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&oldid=1348360636 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Nestl%C3%A9&id=1348360636&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNestl%25C3%25A9)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nestl%C3%A9&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikimedia Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nestl%C3%A9)\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q160746 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n[![Page semi-protected](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Semi-protection-shackle.svg\/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi \"This article is semi-protected.\")\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nSwiss multinational food and drink company\n\n\"Nestle\" redirects here. For other uses, see [Nestle (disambiguation)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestle_\$disambiguation\$ \"Nestle (disambiguation)\").\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Nestl%C3%A9.svg\/250px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A9.svg) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg\/330px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)Headquarters in [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), Switzerland |   |\n| Formerly | List [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\") (1866–1867) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947) Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977) |\n| Company type | [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_company \"Public company\") |\n| [Traded as](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_symbol \"Ticker symbol\") | [SIX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SIX_Swiss_Exchange \"SIX Swiss Exchange\"): [NESN](https:\/\/www.six-group.com\/en\/products-services\/the-swiss-stock-exchange\/market-data\/news-tools\/product-search.html?security=NESN) |\n| [ISIN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Securities_Identification_Number \"International Securities Identification Number\") | [CH0038863350](https:\/\/isin.toolforge.org\/?language=en&isin=CH0038863350) |\n| Industry | [Food processing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_processing \"Food processing\") |\n| Predecessor | Hollandia [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q160746?uselang=en#P155 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") |\n| Founded | 1866; 160 years ago (1866) (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch) |\n| Founder | [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch) |\n| Headquarters | [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), [Vaud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canton_of_Vaud \"Canton of Vaud\"), Switzerland |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Key people | [Pablo Isla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Isla \"Pablo Isla\") ([chairman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chairman \"Chairman\")) [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\") ([CEO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\")) [Dick Boer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dick_Boer \"Dick Boer\") (vice chairman) |\n| Products | [Baby food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\") [coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee \"Coffee\") [dairy products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dairy_products \"Dairy products\") [breakfast cereals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast_cereals \"Breakfast cereals\") [confectionery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confectionery \"Confectionery\") [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\") [ice cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_cream \"Ice cream\") [pet foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_foods \"Pet foods\") [dietary supplements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dietary_supplement \"Dietary supplement\") [protein supplements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protein_supplement \"Protein supplement\") |\n| Brands | [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\") |\n| Revenue | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") 89.49 billion (2025) |\n| [Operating income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes \"Earnings before interest and taxes\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 12.28 billion (2025) |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 9.033 billion (2025) |\n| [Total assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 127.2 billion (2025) |\n| [Total equity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equity_\$finance\$ \"Equity (finance)\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 32.81 billion (2025) |\n| Number of employees | 271,000 (2025) |\n| [Subsidiaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subsidiary \"Subsidiary\") | [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") (50%) |\n| Website | [nestle.com](http:\/\/nestle.com\/) |\n| **Footnotes \/ references** [\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-FR2025-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Management-2) |   |\n\n**Nestlé S.A.**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-3) ([\/ˈnɛsleɪ, \\-li, \\-əl\/](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/English \"Help:IPA\/English\") [*NESS\\-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key \"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\");[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-4)\\[*[better source needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")*\\] French: [\\[nɛsle\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/French \"Help:IPA\/French\")) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-money.cnn.com-5)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-7) It ranked No. 64 on the [*Fortune* Global 500](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortune_Global_500 \"Fortune Global 500\") in 2017.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-8) In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the [*Forbes* Global 2000](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes_Global_2000 \"Forbes Global 2000\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-9)\n\nNestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") and [baby food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), [dairy products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dairy_product \"Dairy product\") and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, [pet foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_food \"Pet food\"), and [medical food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_food \"Medical food\"). Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") (about [US\\$](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\")1\\.1 billion),[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-10) including [Nespresso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\"), [Nescafé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9 \"Nescafé\"), [Nestea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea \"Nestea\"), [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\"), [Nesquik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesquik \"Nesquik\"), [Stouffer Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stouffer_Corporation \"Stouffer Corporation\"), [Vittel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vittel_\$water\$ \"Vittel (water)\"), and [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\"). As of 2025[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=edit), Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) It is one of the main shareholders of [L'Oreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\"), the world's largest cosmetics company.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-12)\n\nNestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\"), which was established in 1866 by brothers [George Ham Page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Ham_Page \"George Ham Page\") and Charles Page, and \"Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé\" founded in 1867 by [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\").[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-13) The company grew significantly during [World War I](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I \"World War I\") and again following [World War II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II \"World War II\"), expanding its offerings beyond its early [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\") and [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including [Findus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Findus \"Findus\") in 1963, [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") in 1971, [Rowntree Mackintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery \"Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery\") in 1988, [Klim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klim_\$powdered_milk\$ \"Klim (powdered milk)\") in 1998, and [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") in 2007.\n\nNestlé has faced [longstanding criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\") over its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked [a boycott in the 1970s](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"1977 Nestlé boycott\") for discouraging [breastfeeding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breastfeeding \"Breastfeeding\"). It has also been accused of benefiting from [child labor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production \"Child labour in cocoa production\"), [forced labor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forced_labor \"Forced labor\"), and [deforestation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deforestation \"Deforestation\") in West African cocoa production, fined for [price-fixing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Price-fixing \"Price-fixing\") cartels and criticized for its [water extraction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_extraction \"Water extraction\") practices.\n\n## History\n### 1866–1900: Founding and early years\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ae\/Henry_Nestle.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Henry_Nestle.jpg)\n\n[Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\").\n\nNestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europe \"Europe\") and the [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\").[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-14)\n\n#### Timeline\n- 1866: Charles Page ([US consul to Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Diplomatic_relations \"Switzerland–United States relations\")) and [George Ham Page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Ham_Page \"George Ham Page\"), brothers from [Lee County, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_County,_Illinois \"Lee County, Illinois\"), established the [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\") in [Cham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cham,_Switzerland \"Cham, Switzerland\"), Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at [Chippenham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chippenham \"Chippenham\"), Wiltshire in 1873.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-15)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-16)\n- 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, [Daniel Peter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Peter \"Daniel Peter\") began seven years of work perfecting the [milk chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Types_of_chocolate \"Types of chocolate\") manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.\n- 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as *Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé*.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\][\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-17)\n- 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\") to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.\n- 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-18)\n- 1890: Henri Nestlé died.\n### 1901–1989: Mergers\nIn the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the [chocolate industry in Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_chocolate \"Swiss chocolate\"), together with the [Peter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter%27s_Chocolate \"Peter's Chocolate\"), [Kohler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolat_Kohler \"Chocolat Kohler\"), and [Cailler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cailler \"Cailler\") families.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-19) In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of [Charles-Amédée Kohler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Kohler \"Charles-Amédée Kohler\") who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the *Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis*. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-20) Alexandre Cailler (grandson of [François-Louis Cailler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Cailler \"François-Louis Cailler\")) had founded a chocolate factory in [Broc](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broc \"Broc\") in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Chrystal-21)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Industry-22) An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the [Fulton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulton,_Oswego_County,_New_York \"Fulton, Oswego County, New York\") plant.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-23)\n\nIn 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\") SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-24) The [First World War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_World_War \"First World War\") created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg\/250px-Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement,_1915.jpg)\n\nA 1915 advertisement for \"Nestlés Food\", an early [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg\/250px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)\n\nCertificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918\n\nIn January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon \"Oregon\") from the company [Geibisch and Joplin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geibisch_and_Joplin \"Geibisch and Joplin\") for \\$250,000. One was in [Bandon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bandon,_Oregon \"Bandon, Oregon\"), while the other was in [Milwaukie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milwaukie,_Oregon \"Milwaukie, Oregon\"). They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-25)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg\/250px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s,_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)\n\nAleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s\n\nAfter the [World War I](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I \"World War I\"), government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; [white chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkybar \"Milkybar\") was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by [Édouard Muller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89douard_Muller_\$Nestl%C3%A9\$ \"Édouard Muller (Nestlé)\") till his death in 1948.\n\nNestlé felt the effects of the [Second World War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II \"World War II\") immediately. Profits dropped from US\\$20 million in 1938 to US\\$6 million in 1939.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-26) Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, [Nescafé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9 \"Nescafé\") (\"Nestlé's Coffee\"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6b\/Nestle_logo_1938.png\/250px-Nestle_logo_1938.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestle_logo_1938.png)\n\nThe logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-28)\n\nThe end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\"), a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. [Crosse & Blackwell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crosse_%26_Blackwell \"Crosse & Blackwell\") followed in 1960, as did [Findus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Findus \"Findus\") (1963), [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") (1971), and [Stouffer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stouffer%27s \"Stouffer's\") (1973).[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) Diversification came under chairman & CEO [Pierre Liotard-Vogt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pierre_Liotard-Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Pierre Liotard-Vogt (page does not exist)\") with a shareholding in [L'Oreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\") in 1974 and the acquisition of [Alcon Laboratories Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") in 1977 for \\$280 million.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29)\n\nIn the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. [Carnation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnation_\$trademark\$ \"Carnation (trademark)\") was acquired for US\\$3 billion in 1984 and brought the [evaporated milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evaporated_milk \"Evaporated milk\") brand, as well as [Coffee-Mate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee-Mate \"Coffee-Mate\") and [Friskies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friskies \"Friskies\"), to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded [Nestlé Nespresso S.A.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\") The British confectionery company [Rowntree Mackintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s \"Rowntree's\") was acquired in 1988 for \\$4.5 billion, which brought brands such as [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Rolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolo \"Rolo\"), [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\"), and [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate\$ \"Aero (chocolate)\").[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-30)\n\n### 1990–2011: International growth\nThe first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included [San Pellegrino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S.Pellegrino \"S.Pellegrino\") (1997), [D'Onofrio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%27Onofrio_\$brand\$ \"D'Onofrio (brand)\") (1997), and [Spillers Petfoods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spillers \"Spillers\") (1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm [EQT AB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EQT_AB \"EQT AB\").[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-31)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-32)\n\nIn the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included [Ralston Purina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ralston_Purina \"Ralston Purina\") (2002), [Dreyer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dreyer%27s \"Dreyer's\") ice cream, and a [US\\$](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\")2\\.6 billion acquisition of [Chef America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chef_America \"Chef America\"), the creator of [Hot Pockets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_Pockets \"Hot Pockets\"). In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company [Hershey's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hershey_Company \"The Hershey Company\"), one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-33)\n\nIn December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-34) In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-35) In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company [Jenny Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. \"Jenny Craig, Inc.\") for US\\$600 million.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-36) In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US\\$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as [Ovaltine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovaltine \"Ovaltine\"), the \"Boost\" and \"Resource\" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-37)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg\/250px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)\n\nThe Brazilian president, [Lula da Silva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lula_da_Silva \"Lula da Silva\"), inaugurates a factory in [Feira de Santana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feira_de_Santana \"Feira de Santana\") ([Bahia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahia \"Bahia\")), in February 2007.\n\nIn April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") for US\\$5.5 billion.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-38)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-39)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-40) In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, [Pierre Marcolini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Marcolini \"Pierre Marcolini\").[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-41)\n\nIn late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found [melamine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melamine \"Melamine\") in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick-42)[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick2-43) The following June, an [outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outbreak \"Outbreak\") of [*E. coli* O157:H7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7 \"Escherichia coli O157:H7\") was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated [cookie dough](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookie_dough \"Cookie dough\") originating in a plant in [Danville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danville,_Virginia \"Danville, Virginia\"), Virginia.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-44)\n\nNestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in [Alcon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") to [Novartis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novartis \"Novartis\") on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US\\$39.3 billion offer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-45) On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of [Kraft Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Foods \"Kraft Foods\")'s North American frozen pizza business for US\\$3.7 billion, which included brands such as [DiGiorno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DiGiorno \"DiGiorno\"), [Tombstone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tombstone_\$pizza\$ \"Tombstone (pizza)\"), and [California Pizza Kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Pizza_Kitchen \"California Pizza Kitchen\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-46)[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-47)\n\nSince 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a [nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nutrition \"Nutrition\"), health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop \"a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals\" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace [pharmaceutical drugs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pharmaceutical_drug \"Pharmaceutical drug\") from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-48)\n\nIt acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with [genetic disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetic_disorder \"Genetic disorder\"), in August 2010.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-49) In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US\\$1.7 billion.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-50) On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire [Pfizer Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer_Inc. \"Pfizer Inc.\")'s [infant-nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US\\$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from [Danone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danone \"Danone\") and Mead Johnson.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-51)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-52)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-53)\n\n### 2012–present\nIn recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM\\&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops [kiwifruit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiwifruit \"Kiwifruit\")\\-based food products as of 2012.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-54)\n\nNestlé sold its [Jenny Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. \"Jenny Craig, Inc.\") business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-55) In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-56) In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-57) Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-58)\n\nIn December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about \\$350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as [Intel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel \"Intel\") and [Bank of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bank_of_America \"Bank of America\").[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-59)\n\nIn May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of [Uttar Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uttar_Pradesh \"Uttar Pradesh\"), India, found that samples of [Nestlé India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_India \"Nestlé India\")'s [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\") noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to [monosodium glutamate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monosodium_glutamate \"Monosodium glutamate\").[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-60)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-NDTV-61)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-62)\n\nIn January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from [Glendale, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glendale,_California \"Glendale, California\"), to [Rosslyn, Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosslyn,_Virginia \"Rosslyn, Virginia\"), outside of [Washington, DC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_DC \"Washington, DC\").[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-63)\n\nIn March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Yorkie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yorkie_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Yorkie (chocolate bar)\") and [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate\$ \"Aero (chocolate)\") chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-64) In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-65)\n\nThe company announced a \\$20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by [Third Point Management](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Point_Management \"Third Point Management\") founder [Daniel S. Loeb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_S._Loeb \"Daniel S. Loeb\"), Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a \\$3.5 billion stake,[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-66) explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67)\n\nIn 2016, Nestlé and [PAI Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PAI_Partners \"PAI Partners\") establish a joint venture, [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\"), to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-68)\n\nIn March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the [Beverage Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide \"Beverage Partners Worldwide\") venture effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand [Nestea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea \"Nestea\") on its own.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ift-69)\n\nIn July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") in Spain, containing two [human milk oligosaccharides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_milk_oligosaccharide \"Human milk oligosaccharide\").[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-70) Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula.\n\nIn September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of [Blue Bottle Coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Bottle_Coffee \"Blue Bottle Coffee\").[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-71) While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the *Financial Times* reported \"Nestlé is understood to be paying up to \\$500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle\".[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-72)\n\nIn September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-73)\n\nNestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was \"delivering results\" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-74)[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-75)\n\nIn January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the [100 Grand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/100_Grand_Bar \"100 Grand Bar\"), [BabyRuth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_Ruth \"Baby Ruth\"), [Butterfinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butterfinger \"Butterfinger\"), [OhHenry\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oh_Henry! \"Oh Henry!\"), [Raisinets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate-covered_raisin \"Chocolate-covered raisin\") and [SnoCaps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sno-Caps \"Sno-Caps\") to [Ferrara Candy Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrara_Candy_Company \"Ferrara Candy Company\"), an American-based chocolate and candy maker and [Ferrero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrero_SpA \"Ferrero SpA\")\\-related company.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) The company was sold for a total of an estimated \\$2.8 billion.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76)\n\nIn May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and [Starbucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starbucks \"Starbucks\") struck a \\$7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-77)\n\nIn September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for \\$1.55 billion.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-78)[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-79)\n\nIn October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with [SAP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAP_SE \"SAP SE\") & [EnterpriseAlumni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EnterpriseAlumni \"EnterpriseAlumni\"), to engage with their over 1 million [alumni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corporate_Alumni \"Corporate Alumni\") globally.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-80)\n\nIn 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-81)\n\nIn 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\").[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-82) Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a \"tuna salad\" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-83)\n\nOn 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and [Metropoulos & Co](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropoulos_%26_Co. \"Metropoulos & Co.\"). The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-84)[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-85) In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-86)\n\nThe [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-87)\n\nIn April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing [Bountiful Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBTY \"NBTY\"), formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for \\$5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's\\[*[which?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words \"Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words\")*\\] growth that quarter came from \"vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system\". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-88)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-89)[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-90)\n\nIn July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-91)\n\nIn January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-92)\n\nIn May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the [Brazilian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil \"Brazil\") organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-93)\n\nIn May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the [2022 United States infant formula shortage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_United_States_infant_formula_shortage \"2022 United States infant formula shortage\"). These relief shipments included products from the [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") baby food formula brand from the [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") and Alfamino baby formula from [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland \"Switzerland\").[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-94)\n\nIn September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the [Extrema, Minas Gerais](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extrema,_Minas_Gerais \"Extrema, Minas Gerais\")\\-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-95)\n\nFollowing the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"Russian invasion of Ukraine\"), the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's [National Agency on Corruption Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention \"National Agency on Corruption Prevention\") listed Nestlé as an [International Sponsor of War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sponsors_of_War \"International Sponsors of War\"). Nestle stated that it had already \"halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia\".[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-96)\n\nIn February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India \"India\") and increasing investments — the company will invest between [₹](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_rupee \"Indian rupee\")60-65 billion (\\$723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-97)\n\nNestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by [Laurent Freixe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurent_Freixe \"Laurent Freixe\") on September 1, 2024.[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-98)\n\nIn May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-99)\n\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) The company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) That investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) After the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Freixe did not receive any remuneration on exit.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100)\n\nFollowing the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\") as its new chief executive saying \"the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.\".[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Navratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100)\n\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced [Bulcke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bulcke \"Paul Bulcke\") would leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-101)\n\nIn October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands.[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-102)\n\nOn 18 December 2025, Nestle announced[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-103) the expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cns-media-104) This is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-105)\n\nIn January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential [cereulide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereulide \"Cereulide\") toxin contamination. [Austria's health ministry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs,_Health,_Care_and_Consumer_Protection \"Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection\") described the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history.[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuters-recall-106) By 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America.[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-107)\n\nIn March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to [Centurium Capital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centurium_Capital \"Centurium Capital\"). At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss.[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-108)\n\n## Corporate affairs and governance\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/1812_North_Moore.jpg\/250px-1812_North_Moore.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:1812_North_Moore.jpg)\n\nNestlé USA headquarters at [1812 N Moore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1812_N_Moore \"1812 N Moore\") in [Arlington, Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arlington_County,_Virginia \"Arlington County, Virginia\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg\/250px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)\n\nNestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, [Kobe, Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kobe,_Japan \"Kobe, Japan\")\n\nNestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Forbes-109) Nestlé has a primary listing on the [SIX Swiss Exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SIX_Swiss_Exchange \"SIX Swiss Exchange\") and is a constituent of the [Swiss Market Index](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Market_Index \"Swiss Market Index\"). It previously had a secondary listing on [Euronext](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euronext \"Euronext\").\n\nIn 2025, consolidated sales were [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") 89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03 billion. [Research and development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") investment was CHF 1.61 billion.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n\n- **Sales per category in CHF**[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n  - 28\\.1% powdered and liquid beverages\n  - 10\\.8% milk products and ice cream\n  - 11\\.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids\n  - 16\\.0% nutrition and health science\n  - 20\\.6% pet care\n  - 9\\.7% confectionery\n  - 3\\.5% water\n- **Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown**[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n  - 48% from Americas\n  - 25% from Europe\n  - 27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa\n\nAccording to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-110)\n\n### Financial data\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |\n| [Revenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revenue \"Revenue\") | 83\\.642 | 92\\.186 | 92\\.158 | 91\\.612 | 88\\.785 | 89\\.469 | 89\\.791 | 91\\.439 | 92\\.568 | 84\\.343 | 87\\.088 | 94\\.780 | 93\\.351 | 91\\.720 | 89\\.490 |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | 9\\.487 | 10\\.611 | 10\\.015 | 14\\.456 | 9\\.066 | 8\\.531 | 7\\.183 | 10\\.135 | 12\\.609 | 12\\.232 | 17\\.196 | 9\\.270 | 11\\.209 | 10\\.884 | 9\\.033 |\n| [Assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | 114\\.091 | 126\\.229 | 120\\.442 | 133\\.450 | 123\\.992 | 131\\.901 | 130\\.380 | 137\\.015 | 127\\.940 | 124\\.028 | 139\\.142 | 135\\.182 | 126\\.550 | 139\\.264 | 127\\.151 |\n| Employees | 328,000 | 339,000 | 333,000 | 339,000 | 335,000 | 328,000 | 323,000 | 308,000 | 291,000 | 273,000 | 276,000 |   | 275,000 | 277,000 | 271\\.000 |\n\nCapital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-112)\n\n1. Switzerland (46.6%)\n2. United States (31.2%)\n3. All others (22.2%)\n### Joint ventures\nImportant joint ventures include:\n\n- [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") with [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\") for cereals (50%\/50%)[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-113)\n- [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\") with [PAI Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PAI_Partners \"PAI Partners\") for ice cream (50%\/50%)[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-114)\n- Nestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-115)\n- Nestlé with [Starbucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starbucks \"Starbucks\") global licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-116)\n- *Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais* with [Lactalis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lactalis \"Lactalis\") (40%\/60%)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-117)\n- Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with [Indofood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indofood \"Indofood\") (50%\/50%)[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-118)\n- Nestlé Snow with [Snow Brand Milk Products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snow_Brand_Milk_Products \"Snow Brand Milk Products\") (50%\/50%)[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-119)\n- Nestlé Modelo with [Grupo Modelo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grupo_Modelo \"Grupo Modelo\") for distribution of bottled water[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-120)\n### CEO\nChief executive officer:[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-121)\n\n- 1981-1997 : [Helmut Maucher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Maucher \"Helmut Maucher\");\n- 1997-2008 : [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe \"Peter Brabeck-Letmathe\");\n- 2008-2016 : [Paul Bulcke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bulcke \"Paul Bulcke\");\n- 2017-2024 : [Ulf Mark Schneider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulf_Mark_Schneider \"Ulf Mark Schneider\");\n- 2024-2025 : [Laurent Freixe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurent_Freixe \"Laurent Freixe\");\n- 2025–present: [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\").\n### Board of directors\nAs of 2025, the board is composed of:\n\n- [Pablo Isla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Isla \"Pablo Isla\"), chairman\n- Dick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V.\n- Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO)\n- Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of [Credit Suisse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Credit_Suisse \"Credit Suisse\")\n- [Patrick Aebischer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Aebischer \"Patrick Aebischer\"), former president of [École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne \"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne\")\n- Dinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc.\n- Lindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA\n- Luca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc.\n- Chris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc.\n- Rainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation\n- Geraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n### Lobbying\nThe company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-122) In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was \\$1,951,667 each year.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-123)\n\n## Brands\nMain article: [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG\/250px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)\n\nSamples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012\n\nNestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-124)[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-125) with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\"), [milkshakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkshake \"Milkshake\") and other [beverages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beverages \"Beverages\"), [breakfast cereals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast_cereal \"Breakfast cereal\"), [infant foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), [performance and healthcare nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_nutrition \"Sports nutrition\"), [seasonings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seasoning \"Seasoning\"), [soups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup \"Soup\") and [sauces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sauces \"Sauces\"), frozen and refrigerated foods, and [pet food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_food \"Pet food\").[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2014-126) In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional [plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_alternative \"Meat alternative\").[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-127)\n\n## Sponsorships\n### Music and entertainment\nIn 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of [Walt Disney's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walt_Disney_World \"Walt Disney World\") [EPCOT Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epcot \"Epcot\"), including a major refurbishment of [The Land](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Land_\$Epcot\$ \"The Land (Epcot)\") pavilion. [Kraft Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Foods \"Kraft Foods\") withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-128) In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-129)\n\nOn 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the [Beijing Music Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing_Pop_Festival \"Beijing Pop Festival\") signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-130)\n\nNestlé has partnered the [Salzburg Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salzburg_Festival \"Salzburg Festival\") in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the [Salzburg Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salzburg_Festival \"Salzburg Festival\") until 2015.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-131)\n\nTogether, they have created the \"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award\", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-132)\n\n### Sports\nNestlé's sponsorship of the [Tour de France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tour_de_France \"Tour de France\") began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, [Nestlé Waters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters \"Nestlé Waters\") and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-133)\n\nOn 27 January 2012, the [International Association of Athletics Federations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations \"International Association of Athletics Federations\") announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-134) On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of [doping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doping_in_sport \"Doping in sport\") and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including [Adidas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adidas \"Adidas\"), also stopped supporting the IAAF.[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-135)\n\nIn 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-136) In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the [Great Britain Lionesses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_rugby_league_team \"Great Britain women's national rugby league team\") [Women's rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_rugby_league \"Women's rugby league\") team for the team's second tour of Australia with its [Munchies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munchies_\$confectionery\$ \"Munchies (confectionery)\") product.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-137)\n\nNestlé supports the [Australian Institute of Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Institute_of_Sport \"Australian Institute of Sport\") (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-138)\n\n## Corporate initiatives\nIn March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-139)\n\nIn 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-140)[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-141)\n\nNestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-142)[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-143)\n\nRural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-144) It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-145)\n\n## Awards\n| Year | Brand | Award | Result |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| 2010 | [Nestlé Purina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare \"Nestlé Purina PetCare\") | [Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malcolm_Baldrige_National_Quality_Award \"Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award\") | Won |\n| 2010 | —N\/a | [IUoFST](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology \"International Union of Food Science and Technology\") Gold Food Industry Award[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-146) | Won |\n| 2011 | —N\/a | World Environment Center Gold Medal Award | Won |\n| 2014 | —N\/a | Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award | Won |\n## Controversies\nMain article: [Controversies of Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\")\n\nThe company has been associated with [various controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\"), facing criticism and [boycotts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boycott \"Boycott\") over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to [breastfeeding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breastfeeding \"Breastfeeding\") in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use [child labour in cocoa production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production \"Child labour in cocoa production\"), and its production and promotion of [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\").\n\nNestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with\n\n- incidents of contaminated and infested food products,\n- actively spreading disinformation about recycling,\n- illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations,\n- preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries,\n- price fixing,\n- slave labor,\n- child labor,\n- extensive union-busting activity, and\n- deforestation.\n### Baby formula marketing\nConcern about Nestlé's \"aggressive marketing\" of their [breast milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breast_milk \"Breast milk\") substitutes, particularly in [less economically developed countries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Developing_country \"Developing country\") (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-147) Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-148) This led to the [1977 Nestlé boycott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"1977 Nestlé boycott\") in the United States and Europe.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Moorhead-149)[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-150)\n\n### Slave labour and child labour\nMultiple reports have documented the widespread use of [child labour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour \"Child labour\") as well as [slavery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery \"Slavery\") and [child trafficking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trafficking_of_children \"Trafficking of children\") by [cocoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theobroma_cacao \"Theobroma cacao\") suppliers, throughout [West African](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Africa \"West Africa\") plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Raghavan1-151)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-combating-152)[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-153)[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-chocolate_slavery-154)[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-accuses_companies-155)\n\n### Environment\n#### Climate change\nIn 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing [methane emissions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methane_emissions \"Methane emissions\") from livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on [greenhouse gas removal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse_gas_removal \"Greenhouse gas removal\") rather than source reduction.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-156) Nestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-157)\n\n#### Water\nAt the second [World Water Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Water_Forum \"World Water Forum\") in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the [World Water Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Water_Council \"World Water Council\") to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a \"right\" to a \"need\". Nestlé continues to take control of [aquifers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquifer \"Aquifer\") and bottle their water for profit.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-158)\n\nA coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the [Advertising Standards of Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advertising_Standards_Canada \"Advertising Standards Canada\") after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, \"Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled\", \"[Nestlé Pure Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life \"Nestlé Pure Life\") is a healthy, eco-friendly choice\", and, \"Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.\"[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cbc-159)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-polaris-160)[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuter-161)\\[*[needs update](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\]\n\n### Animal welfare\nIn 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the \"[Better Chicken Commitment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Better_Chicken_Commitment \"Better Chicken Commitment\")\", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-162)[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) However, a 2025 review from [Compassion in World Farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compassion_in_World_Farming \"Compassion in World Farming\") listed that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-164)\n\nIn 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from [cage-free](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cage-free \"Cage-free\") suppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021.[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163)\n\n### Turkey boycott\nIn 2024, the [Grand National Assembly of Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey \"Grand National Assembly of Turkey\") announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-165)\n\n## See also\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Emblem-money.svg\/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Emblem-money.svg)[Business portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Business \"Portal:Business\")\n\n- [Big Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Chocolate \"Big Chocolate\")\n- [Controversies of Nestle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\")\n- [Farfel the Dog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farfel_the_Dog \"Farfel the Dog\")\n- [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\")\n- [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize \"Nestlé Smarties Book Prize\")\n- [Nestlé Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower \"Nestlé Tower\")\n- [Ultra-processed food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultra-processed_food \"Ultra-processed food\")\n\n**Competitors**\n\n- [Coca-Cola Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Coca-Cola_Company \"The Coca-Cola Company\")\n- [Danone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danone \"Danone\")\n- [Ferrero SpA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrero_SpA \"Ferrero SpA\")\n- [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\")\n- [The Hershey Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hershey_Company \"The Hershey Company\")\n- [Highland Spring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Highland_Spring \"Highland Spring\")\n- [Kellogg's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kellogg%27s \"Kellogg's\")\n- [Kraft Heinz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Heinz \"Kraft Heinz\")\n- [Lactalis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lactalis \"Lactalis\")\n- [Mars, Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Inc. \"Mars Inc.\")\n- [Mondelez International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mondelez_International \"Mondelez International\")\n- [Müller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%BCller_\$company\$ \"Müller (company)\")\n- [PepsiCo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PepsiCo \"PepsiCo\")\n- [Post Holdings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post_Holdings \"Post Holdings\")\n- [Unilever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unilever \"Unilever\")\n## Explanatory notes\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-3)** Not to be confused with *Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.*, the group's [intellectual property](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intellectual_property \"Intellectual property\")\\-holding subsidiary\n## References\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-FR2025_1-0)**\n   [\"Financial Statements 2025\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 18 February 2026. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20260303074609\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 3 March 2026.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Management_2-0)**\n   [\"Management\"](http:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/management). Nestlé. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170601032700\/http:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/management) from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"1978 Milky Bar commercial\"](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs). *[YouTube](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\")* (published 31 August 2012). 1978. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220507150555\/https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs&gl=US&hl=en) from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-money.cnn.com_5-0)** [\"Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods\"](https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2011\/04\/01\/news\/companies\/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune\/index.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140410191138\/http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2011\/04\/01\/news\/companies\/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune\/index.htm) 10 April 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), CNN Money, 1 April 2011\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-6)** [\"Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier\"](https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2009\/10\/29\/the-unrepentant-chocolatier) , *The Economist*, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maggiemcgrath\/2017\/05\/24\/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape\/#6ef7ec6e3a69). *Forbes*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171026055803\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maggiemcgrath\/2017\/05\/24\/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape\/#6ef7ec6e3a69) from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It\"](http:\/\/fortune.com\/global500\/list\/filtered?searchByName=nestle). *Fortune*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130145530\/http:\/\/fortune.com\/global500\/list\/filtered?searchByName=nestle) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"The Global 2000 2023\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240129031905\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). *Forbes*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-10)** [\"Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches\"](https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/07\/02\/news\/companies\/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune\/index.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111209162213\/http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/07\/02\/news\/companies\/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune\/index.htm) 9 December 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") CNN, 2 July 2010.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-4)\n    [\"Annual Review 2025\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/annual-review-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 2026. Retrieved 28 March 2026.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status \"Category:CS1 maint: url-status\"))\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-12)** [\"Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says\"](https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-04-14\/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140708193833\/http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-04-14\/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) 8 July 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). Bloomberg, 14 April 2011\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"The History of Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www.cleverism.com\/the-history-of-nestle\/). *Cleverism*. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180525204658\/https:\/\/www.cleverism.com\/the-history-of-nestle\/) from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-14)**\n    Mowbray, Sean (13 May 2017). [\"A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand\"](https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/switzerland\/articles\/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand\/). *Culture Trip*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804123428\/https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/switzerland\/articles\/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand\/) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-15)** ['Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire](http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/report.aspx?compid=102814) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111121140334\/http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/report.aspx?compid=102814) 21 November 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"): Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"Nestle SA \\| History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries\"](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Nestle-SA). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804133805\/https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Nestle-SA) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise \\| House of Switzerland\"](http:\/\/houseofswitzerland.org\/swissstories\/history\/henri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise). *houseofswitzerland.org*. 17 September 2018.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-18)**\n    Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). [\"Milk Chocolate History\"](https:\/\/whatscookingamerica.net\/History\/MilkChocolate.htm). *What's Cooking America*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191212054953\/https:\/\/whatscookingamerica.net\/History\/MilkChocolate.htm) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-19)**\n    HPatrick (3 January 2016). [\"Swiss Chocolate Brands\"](http:\/\/www.the-soft-drinks.com\/chocolate-switzerland.html). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151016215428\/http:\/\/www.the-soft-drinks.com\/chocolate-switzerland.html) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-20)**\n    [\"About Cailler\"](https:\/\/cailler.ch\/en\/about). *Cailler*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220524210327\/https:\/\/cailler.ch\/en\/about) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. \"1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler.\"\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Chrystal_21-0)**\n    Chrystal, Paul (2021). \"The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century\". [*Rowntree's – The Early History*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ). [Pen and Sword Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pen_and_Sword_Books \"Pen and Sword Books\"). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781526778901](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781526778901 \"Special:BookSources\/9781526778901\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. \\[...\\] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group.\"\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Industry_22-0)**\n    [*Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ). Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29\\. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. \\[...\\] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production.\"\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-23)**\n    Lacey, Darlene (2013). [*Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780747813651](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780747813651 \"Special:BookSources\/9780747813651\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this \\[milk chocolate\\] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began.\"\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"History of Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www.englishteastore.com\/nestle-history.html). *www.englishteastore.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804124845\/https:\/\/www.englishteastore.com\/nestle-history.html) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-25)**\n    Blakely, Joe (2003). \"Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon\". *Oregon Historical Quarterly*. **104** (4). Oregon Historical Society: 566–577\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1353\/ohq.2003.0004](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353%2Fohq.2003.0004). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\$identifier\$ \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [20615370](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20615370). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [245852881](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:245852881).\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-26)**\n    [\"1938 - 1944\"](https:\/\/www.nestle-cwa.com\/en\/aboutus\/history\/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.). *nestle-cwa.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230509191143\/https:\/\/www.nestle-cwa.com\/en\/aboutus\/history\/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.) from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-1)\n    Owles, Eric (27 June 2017). [\"How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/27\/business\/dealbook\/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200926163812\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/27\/business\/dealbook\/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"The Nestlé logo evolution\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/history\/logo-evolution). *Nestle.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225103102\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/history\/logo-evolution) from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.\n28. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-1)\n    [\"Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay\"](https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/management\/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php). *UKEssays.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804170217\/https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/management\/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-30)**\n    Ap (24 June 1988). [\"Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/06\/24\/business\/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200303230109\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/06\/24\/business\/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html) from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Swedish keen to fish Findus from plughole\"](http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_hb5245\/is_7401_222\/ai_n28750359\/). BNET. 17 April 1999. Retrieved 13 January 2011.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"A\\&O and CC advise on Nestle Findus sell-off\"](http:\/\/www.thelawyer.com\/ao-and-cc-advise-on-nestle-findus-sell-off\/87641.article). The Lawyer. 25 October 1999. Retrieved 9 February 2013.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"The inside story of the Cadbury takeover\"](https:\/\/www.ft.com\/intl\/cms\/s\/2\/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3PhCW9iAy). *Financial Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20221210221231\/https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0#axzz3PhCW9iAy) from the original on 10 December 2022. 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Nestlé retrieved from it 23 March 2011.\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-sick_42-0)**\n    McDonald, Scott (22 September 2008). [\"Nearly 53,000 Chinese children sick from milk\"](http:\/\/ap.google.com\/article\/ALeqM5iCL58EMBN1tqq6xujZlsaITAFpCQD93BHE880). Associated Press.\n    \n    \\[*[dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-sick2_43-0)**\n    Macartney, Jane (22 September 2008). [\"China baby milk scandal spreads as sick toll rises to 13,000\"](https:\/\/www.thetimes.com\/article\/china-baby-milk-scandal-spreads-as-sick-toll-rises-to-13000-jlxdmrsk9qd). *The Times*. London. 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Nutra. 27 February 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151016215428\/http:\/\/www.nutraingredients.com\/Suppliers2\/Nestle-buys-Louisiana-depression-food-firm) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.\n56. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-57)**\n    [\"Nestlé Sells PowerBar Brand\"](https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303942404579360552164811352?autologin=y). *Wall Street Journal*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160103032603\/http:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/SB10001424052702303942404579360552164811352?autologin=y) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.\n57. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-58)**\n    [\"Nestlé Explores Sale of Frozen Food Unit Davigel\"](https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/nestle-explores-sale-of-frozen-food-unit-davigel-1415964399). *Wall Street Journal*. 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Retrieved 29 March 2026\n120. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-121)**\n     [\"Base de données des élites suisses \\| Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www2.unil.ch\/elitessuisses\/entite.php?id=entite205).\n121. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-122)**\n     [\"South Australian Register of Lobbyists - Etched Communications\"](http:\/\/www.dpc.sa.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0012\/30117\/Etched_Communications_18-December-2017-Change-of-Details.pdf) (PDF). 18 December 2017. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180413064420\/https:\/\/dpc.sa.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0012\/30117\/Etched_Communications_18-December-2017-Change-of-Details.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018.\n122. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-123)**\n     Doering, Christopher (6 December 2021). 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151016215428\/http:\/\/www.just-drinks.com\/news\/nestle-waters-secures-tour-de-france-tie-up-for-buxton-natural-mineral-water_id114022.aspx) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.\n136. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-137)**\n     [\"UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team\"](https:\/\/www.just-food.com\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx). 18 June 2002. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140228124038\/http:\/\/www.just-food.com\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx) from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.\n137. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-138)**\n     [\"Nestlé and AIS Sports Nutrition\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120517151825\/http:\/\/ausport.gov.au\/ais\/nutrition\/sponsors\/nestle). Australian Government. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151009154218\/http:\/\/www.probonoaustralia.com.au\/news\/2015\/01\/global-shared-value-prize-offer) from the original on 9 October 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.\n142. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-143)**\n     [\"Entries open for CHF 500k Nestlé Creating Shared Value Prize\"](http:\/\/www.fundraising.co.uk\/2014\/12\/09\/entries-open-chf-500k-nestle-creating-shared-value-prize\/). *UK Fundraising*. 9 December 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160103032603\/http:\/\/www.fundraising.co.uk\/2014\/12\/09\/entries-open-chf-500k-nestle-creating-shared-value-prize\/) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.\n143. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-144)**\n     [\"Women's Rights: Nestlé on female cocoa farmers\"](http:\/\/www.confectionerynews.com\/Manufacturers\/Nestle-promises-action-to-improve-women-s-lives-on-cocoa-farms). ConfectioneryNews.com. 8 March 2013. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150907052108\/http:\/\/www.confectionerynews.com\/Manufacturers\/Nestle-promises-action-to-improve-women-s-lives-on-cocoa-farms) from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.\n144. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-145)**\n     [\"How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis\"](http:\/\/www.connectiveimpact.com\/blog\/how-the-global-food-sector-can-solve-our-food-security-crisis). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160826055758\/http:\/\/www.connectiveimpact.com\/blog\/how-the-global-food-sector-can-solve-our-food-security-crisis) from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.\n145. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-146)**\n     [\"Nestlé wins global food industry award\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130115201343\/http:\/\/www.csreurope.org\/news.php?type=&action=show_news&news_id=3646). *CSR Europe*. 24 August 2010. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.csreurope.org\/news.php?type=&action=show_news&news_id=3646) on 15 January 2013.\n146. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-147)**\n     [\"Nestle to respond to baby milk criticism in coming days\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190824025502\/https:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/us-nestle-babymilk\/nestle-to-respond-to-baby-milk-criticism-in-coming-days-idUKKBN1FM18F). *[Reuters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuters \"Reuters\")*. 2 February 2018. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/us-nestle-babymilk\/nestle-to-respond-to-baby-milk-criticism-in-coming-days-idUKKBN1FM18F) on 24 August 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.\n147. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-148)**\n     Plüss, Jessica (10 January 2020). [\"Nestlé struggles to win over baby formula critics\"](https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/business\/milk-for-older-babies_nestl%C3%A9-struggles-to-win-over-infant-formula-critics\/45473338). *[Swissinfo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swissinfo \"Swissinfo\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220530180155\/https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/eng\/business\/milk-for-older-babies_nestl%C3%A9-struggles-to-win-over-infant-formula-critics\/45473338) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2023.\n148. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Moorhead_149-0)**\n     [Moorhead, Joanna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joanna_Moorhead \"Joanna Moorhead\") (15 May 2007). [\"Milking it\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2007\/may\/15\/medicineandhealth.lifeandhealth). *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190828203146\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2007\/may\/15\/medicineandhealth.lifeandhealth) from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.\n149. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-150)**\n     Han, Soul (30 September 2021). [\"International groups boycott Nestle products to end indiscriminate advertising, 1977-1984\"](https:\/\/commonslibrary.org\/international-groups-boycott-nestle-products-to-end-indiscriminate-advertising-1977-1984\/). *The Commons Social Change Library*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221110052921\/https:\/\/commonslibrary.org\/international-groups-boycott-nestle-products-to-end-indiscriminate-advertising-1977-1984\/) from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 10 November 2022.\n150. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Raghavan1_151-0)**\n     Raghavan, Sudarsan; Chatterjee, Sumana (24 June 2001). [\"Slaves feed world's taste for chocolate: Captives common in cocoa farms of Africa\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060917014323\/http:\/\/vision.ucsd.edu\/~kbranson\/stopchocolateslavery\/atasteofslavery.html). *[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milwaukee_Journal_Sentinel \"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel\")*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/vision.ucsd.edu\/~kbranson\/stopchocolateslavery\/atasteofslavery.html) on 17 September 2006. Retrieved 25 April 2012.\n151. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-combating_152-0)**\n     [\"Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing\"](http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/public\/\/english\/\/standards\/ipec\/themes\/cocoa\/download\/2005_02_cl_cocoa.pdf) (PDF). [International Labour Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Labour_Organization \"International Labour Organization\"). 2005. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120630204954\/http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/public\/\/english\/\/standards\/ipec\/themes\/cocoa\/download\/2005_02_cl_cocoa.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2012.\n152. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-153)**\n     Wolfe, David; Shazzie (2005). [*Naked Chocolate: The Astonishing Truth about the World's Greatest Food*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i2WeACR-WIYC&q=bbc+documentary+children+chocolate+2000&pg=PA98). North Atlantic Books. p. 98. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n     \n     [1556437315](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/1556437315 \"Special:BookSources\/1556437315\")\n     \n     . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084858\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=i2WeACR-WIYC&q=bbc+documentary+children+chocolate+2000&pg=PA98) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2011.\n153. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-chocolate_slavery_154-0)**\n     [Hawksley, Humphrey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphrey_Hawksley \"Humphrey Hawksley\") (12 April 2001). [\"Mali's children in chocolate slavery\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/africa\/1272522.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081226141935\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/1\/hi\/world\/africa\/1272522.stm) from the original on 26 December 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2010.\n154. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-accuses_companies_155-0)**\n     [Hawksley, Humphrey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Humphrey_Hawksley \"Humphrey Hawksley\") (4 May 2001). [\"Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies\"](http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/1311982.stm). *[BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News \"BBC News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090114115945\/http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/africa\/1311982.stm) from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2010.\n155. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-156)**\n     Sherrington, Rachel; Healy, Hazel (3 June 2025). [\"Food Giants' Climate Plans Lack Credibility, New Report Finds\"](https:\/\/www.desmog.com\/2025\/06\/03\/food-giants-climate-plans-lack-credibility-new-report-finds\/). *DeSmog*. Retrieved 3 December 2025.\n156. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-157)**\n     Watson, Elaine (5 June 2025). [\"Danone and Nestlé hit back after new report accuses Big Food of 'corporate greenwashing.'\"](https:\/\/agfundernews.com\/new-report-accuses-big-food-of-corporate-greenwashing-danone-and-nestle-hit-back). *AgFunderNews*. Retrieved 3 December 2025.\n157. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-158)**\n     Muir, Paul (28 November 2013). [\"The human rights and wrongs of Nestlé and water for all\"](https:\/\/www.thenationalnews.com\/arts-culture\/the-human-rights-and-wrongs-of-nestl%C3%A9-and-water-for-all-1.303517). *[The National](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_National_\$Abu_Dhabi\$ \"The National (Abu Dhabi)\")*. Abu Dhabi. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170629043128\/http:\/\/www.thenational.ae\/arts-culture\/the-human-rights-and-wrongs-of-nestl-and-water-for-all) from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2015.\n158. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-cbc_159-0)**\n     [\"Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say\"](http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791). *[CBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBC_News \"CBC News\")*. 1 December 2008. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160103032603\/http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.\n159. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-polaris_160-0)**\n     [\"Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141022031038\/http:\/\/www.polarisinstitute.org\/groups_challenge_nestl%C3%A9%E2%80%99s_bottled_water_greenwashing). *[Polaris Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polaris_Institute \"Polaris Institute\")*. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2010.\n     \n     `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown \"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\"))\n160. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-reuter_161-0)**\n     Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). [\"Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201). *[Reuters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuters \"Reuters\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100521060733\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201) from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2010.\n161. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-162)**\n     [\"The Policy - BCC \\[EU\\]\"](https:\/\/betterchickencommitment.com\/eu\/policy\/). *betterchickencommitment.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n162. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-1)\n     [\"Animal Welfare\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250411175354\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sustainability\/sustainable-sourcing\/animal-welfare?__cf_chl_rt_tk=hYnfpgij9BjA0pCCM9OnA_QRc0NUqhKkWJ5Gl645uFQ-1744394034-1.0.1.1-x1i1hssKiuEr04VcOAGZVyYNz8H4D2ri6L69CuSU.zQ). *Nestle.com*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sustainability\/sustainable-sourcing\/animal-welfare) on 11 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n163. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-164)**\n     [\"Animal welfare standards remain a worry as chicken commitments wane\"](https:\/\/www.ingredientsnetwork.com\/animal-welfare-standards-remain-a-worry-as-news126860.html). *www.ingredientsnetwork.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n164. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-165)**\n     [\"Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/turkish-parliament-removes-brands-menu-over-alleged-israel-support-2023-11-07\/). *Reuters*. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024.\n## External links\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [Nestlé](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 \"commons:Category:Nestlé\").\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q160746#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\")\n- [Documents and clippings about Nestlé](http:\/\/purl.org\/pressemappe20\/folder\/co\/016834) in the [20th Century Press Archives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20th_Century_Press_Archives \"20th Century Press Archives\") of the [ZBW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_National_Library_of_Economics \"German National Library of Economics\")\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Nestl%C3%A9 \"Template:Nestlé\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Nestl%C3%A9 \"Template talk:Nestlé\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Nestl%C3%A9 \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Nestlé\")[Nestlé]() |   |\n|---|---|\n| Divisions |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Nestlé Prepared Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Prepared_Foods \"Nestlé Prepared Foods\") [Nestlé Purina PetCare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare \"Nestlé Purina PetCare\") [Nestlé Waters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters \"Nestlé Waters\") [Nestlé Wyeth Nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Wyeth_Nutrition \"Nestlé Wyeth Nutrition\") |   |\n| Divested | [BlueTriton Brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BlueTriton_Brands \"BlueTriton Brands\") (Nestlé Waters North America) |\n| Subsidiaries | [Nestlé India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_India \"Nestlé India\") (62.76%) [Nestlé Pakistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Pakistan \"Nestlé Pakistan\") [Nestlé Rossiya](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Rossiya \"Nestlé Rossiya\") [Nestlé Deutschland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Deutschland \"Nestlé Deutschland\") [Nestlé Lanka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Lanka \"Nestlé Lanka\") |\n| Joint ventures |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\") |   |\n| Dissolved | [Beverage Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide \"Beverage Partners Worldwide\") [Nestlé Toll House Café](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Toll_House_Caf%C3%A9 \"Nestlé Toll House Café\") |\n| Other assets | [Lactalis-Nestlé Fresh Products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lactalis-Nestl%C3%A9_Fresh_Products \"Lactalis-Nestlé Fresh Products\") (50%) [L'Oréal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\") (30.3%) [Malher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malher \"Malher\") (100%) [Osem](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osem_\$company\$ \"Osem (company)\") (100%) [Hsu Fu Chi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hsu_Fu_Chi \"Hsu Fu Chi\") (60%) [Yinlu Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yinlu_Foods \"Yinlu Foods\") (60%) |\n| [Brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| Appliances | [BabyNes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BabyNes \"BabyNes\") [Dolce Gusto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolce_Gusto \"Dolce Gusto\") [Nespresso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\") [SICAL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SICAL \"SICAL\") |\n| Baby nutrition | [BabyNes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BabyNes \"BabyNes\") [Bear Brand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Bear_Brand \"Nestlé Bear Brand\") [Cerelac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cerelac \"Cerelac\") [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") [Nido](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nido_\$brand\$ \"Nido (brand)\") |\n| Baking | [*Toll House* cookies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_chip_cookie \"Chocolate chip cookie\") |\n| Bottled water | [Contrex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contrex \"Contrex\") [Acqua Panna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acqua_Panna \"Acqua Panna\") [Perrier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perrier \"Perrier\") [Princes Gate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Princes_Gate_Spring_Water \"Princes Gate Spring Water\") [Pure Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life \"Nestlé Pure Life\") [S.Pellegrino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S.Pellegrino \"S.Pellegrino\") [Vittel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vittel_\$water\$ \"Vittel (water)\") |\n| Cereals | [Cheerios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheerios \"Cheerios\")1 [Chocapic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocapic \"Chocapic\") [Cinnamon Toast Crunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cinnamon_Toast_Crunch \"Cinnamon Toast Crunch\")1 [Cookie Crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookie_Crisp \"Cookie Crisp\")1 [Corn Flakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corn_flakes \"Corn flakes\") [Fitness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fitness_\$cereal\$ \"Fitness (cereal)\") [Golden Grahams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Grahams \"Golden Grahams\")1 [Golden Nuggets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_Nuggets \"Golden Nuggets\") [Lion Cereal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lion_Cereal \"Lion Cereal\") [Lucky Charms](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lucky_Charms \"Lucky Charms\")1 [Milo Cereal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milo_\$drink\$ \"Milo (drink)\") [Nesquik (cereal)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesquik_\$cereal\$ \"Nesquik (cereal)\")6 [Trix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trix_\$cereal\$ \"Trix (cereal)\")1 [Shreddies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shreddies \"Shreddies\")7 [Shredded Wheat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shredded_wheat \"Shredded wheat\")7 |\n| Chocolate  and desserts | [Abuelita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abuelita \"Abuelita\") [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Aero (chocolate bar)\") [Aero Biscuits](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_Biscuits \"Aero Biscuits\") [After Eight](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/After_Eight \"After Eight\") [Allen's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allen%27s \"Allen's\") [Bar One](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bar_One \"Bar One\") [Bertie Beetle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bertie_Beetle \"Bertie Beetle\") [Big Turk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Turk \"Big Turk\") [Blue Riband](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Riband_\$biscuits\$ \"Blue Riband (biscuits)\") [Black Magic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Magic_\$chocolates\$ \"Black Magic (chocolates)\") [Breakaway](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakaway_\$biscuit\$ \"Breakaway (biscuit)\") [Cailler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cailler \"Cailler\") [Caramac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caramac \"Caramac\") [Carlos V](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlos_V_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Carlos V (chocolate bar)\") [Cheekies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheekies \"Cheekies\") [Chokito](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chokito \"Chokito\") [Coffee Crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee_Crisp \"Coffee Crisp\") [Crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisp_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Crisp (chocolate bar)\") [Crunch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crunch_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Crunch (chocolate bar)\")12 [Drifter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drifter_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Drifter (chocolate bar)\") [Fox's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fox%27s_Confectionery \"Fox's Confectionery\") [Garoto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garoto \"Garoto\") [Goobers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate-coated_peanut \"Chocolate-coated peanut\") [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\")3 [Kit Kats in Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kats_in_Japan \"Kit Kats in Japan\") [Kohler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolat_Kohler \"Chocolat Kohler\") [Life Savers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Life_Savers \"Life Savers\")14 [Lion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lion_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Lion (chocolate bar)\") [Mackintosh's Toffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee \"Mackintosh's Toffee\") [Matchmakers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matchmakers \"Matchmakers\") [Menier Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menier_Chocolate \"Menier Chocolate\") [Milkybar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkybar \"Milkybar\") [Milo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milo_\$drink\$ \"Milo (drink)\") [Mirage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mirage_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Mirage (chocolate bar)\") [Munchies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munchies_\$confectionery\$ \"Munchies (confectionery)\") [Negresco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Negresco \"Negresco\") [Nestlé Milk Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Milk_Chocolate \"Nestlé Milk Chocolate\") [Passatempo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passatempo \"Passatempo\") [Peppermint Crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peppermint_Crisp \"Peppermint Crisp\") [Perugina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Perugina \"Perugina\") [Polo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polo_\$confectionery\$ \"Polo (confectionery)\") [Quality Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_Street_\$confectionery\$ \"Quality Street (confectionery)\") [Red Ripperz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Red_Ripperz \"Red Ripperz\") [Rolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolo \"Rolo\")3 [Rowntree's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s \"Rowntree's\") [Rowntree's Fruit Gums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums \"Rowntree's Fruit Gums\") [Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles \"Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles\") [Sin Parar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sin_Parar \"Sin Parar\") [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\")4 [Svitoch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Svitoch \"Svitoch\") [TEX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Tex \"Nestlé Tex\") [Toffee Crisp](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Toffee_Crisp \"Toffee Crisp\") [Walnut Whip](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walnut_Whip \"Walnut Whip\") [White Knight](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Knight_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"White Knight (chocolate bar)\") [Yorkie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yorkie_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Yorkie (chocolate bar)\") [Zvečevo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zve%C4%8Devo \"Zvečevo\") |\n| Coffee and  beverages | [Abuelita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abuelita \"Abuelita\") [Alpine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine \"Alaska Milk Corporation\")8 [BabyNes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BabyNes \"BabyNes\") [Blue Bottle Coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Bottle_Coffee \"Blue Bottle Coffee\") [Boost](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boost_\$drink\$ \"Boost (drink)\") [Carnation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnation_\$brand\$ \"Carnation (brand)\")8,9 [Caro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caro_\$drink\$ \"Caro (drink)\") [Chameleon Cold-Brew](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chameleon_Cold-Brew \"Chameleon Cold-Brew\") [Coffee-Mate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee-Mate \"Coffee-Mate\") [Dolce Gusto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dolce_Gusto \"Dolce Gusto\") [Klim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klim_\$powdered_milk\$ \"Klim (powdered milk)\") [La Lechera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Lechera \"La Lechera\") [Menier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menier_Chocolate \"Menier Chocolate\") [Milo cocoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milo_\$drink\$ \"Milo (drink)\") [Nescafé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9 \"Nescafé\") [Nespresso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\") [Nesquik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesquik \"Nesquik\") [Nestea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea \"Nestea\") [Ovaltine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovaltine \"Ovaltine\")4 [Ricoré](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ricor%C3%A9 \"Ricoré\") [Seattle's Best Coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle%27s_Best_Coffee \"Seattle's Best Coffee\") [Starbucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starbucks \"Starbucks\") 13 [Supligen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supligen \"Supligen\") [Sweet Leaf](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweet_Leaf_Tea_Company \"Sweet Leaf Tea Company\") |\n| Dairy products | [Alpine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine \"Alaska Milk Corporation\")8 [Bear Brand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Bear_Brand \"Nestlé Bear Brand\")10,11 [Carnation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnation_\$brand\$ \"Carnation (brand)\")8,9 [Coffee-Mate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee-Mate \"Coffee-Mate\") [La Lechera](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/La_Lechera \"La Lechera\") [Nesquik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesquik \"Nesquik\") |\n| Ice cream | [D'Onofrio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%27Onofrio_\$brand\$ \"D'Onofrio (brand)\") [Drumstick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drumstick_\$frozen_dairy_dessert\$ \"Drumstick (frozen dairy dessert)\")15 [Eskimo Pie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edy%27s_Pie \"Edy's Pie\")15 [Fab](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fab_\$brand\$ \"Fab (brand)\") [Frosty Paws](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frosty_Paws \"Frosty Paws\")15 [Häagen-Dazs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/H%C3%A4agen-Dazs \"Häagen-Dazs\")2,15 [Hjem-IS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hjem-IS \"Hjem-IS\") [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\")15 [Maxibon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maxibon \"Maxibon\") [Mövenpick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%B6venpick_Ice_Cream \"Mövenpick Ice Cream\") [Parlour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parlour_\$ice_cream\$ \"Parlour (ice cream)\") [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\") |\n| Prepared and  packaged food  and snacks | [Buitoni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buitoni \"Buitoni\") [California Pizza Kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Pizza_Kitchen \"California Pizza Kitchen\") [DiGiorno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DiGiorno \"DiGiorno\") [Herta](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herta_Foods \"Herta Foods\") [Hot Pockets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_Pockets \"Hot Pockets\") [Lean Cuisine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lean_Cuisine \"Lean Cuisine\") [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") [Lean Pockets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_Pockets \"Hot Pockets\") [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\") [Stouffer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stouffer%27s \"Stouffer's\") [Thomy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomy \"Thomy\") [Tombstone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tombstone_\$pizza\$ \"Tombstone (pizza)\") [Uncle Tobys](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uncle_Tobys \"Uncle Tobys\") [Wagner](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Wagner \"Nestlé Wagner\") [Winiary](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winiary_\$company\$ \"Winiary (company)\") [Yinlu Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yinlu_Foods \"Yinlu Foods\") |\n| [Purina PetCare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare \"Nestlé Purina PetCare\") | [Alpo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpo_\$pet_food\$ \"Alpo (pet food)\") [Beggin' Strips](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beggin%27_Strips \"Beggin' Strips\") [Beneful](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beneful \"Beneful\") [Bonio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bonio \"Bonio\") [Dog Chow](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dog_Chow \"Dog Chow\") [Fancy Feast](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fancy_Feast \"Fancy Feast\") [Felix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Felix_\$cat_food\$ \"Felix (cat food)\") [Friskies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friskies \"Friskies\") [Frosty Paws](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frosty_Paws \"Frosty Paws\") [Winalot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winalot \"Winalot\") |\n| [Uncle Tobys](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uncle_Tobys \"Uncle Tobys\") | [Cheerios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheerios \"Cheerios\")1 [PLUS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Plus_\$cereal\$ \"Plus (cereal)\") [Weeties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheaties \"Wheaties\") |\n| [Former brands and   subsidiaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands#Former_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\") | [Alcon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") [Alfasigma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pamlab \"Pamlab\") [Animal Bar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Animal_Bar_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Animal Bar (chocolate bar)\") [Arrowhead](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrowhead_Water \"Arrowhead Water\") [Butterfinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butterfinger \"Butterfinger\") [Baby Ruth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_Ruth \"Baby Ruth\") [Chocolate Surpresa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_Surpresa \"Chocolate Surpresa\") [Deer Park](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deer_Park_Spring_Water \"Deer Park Spring Water\") [Dreyer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dreyer%27s \"Dreyer's\")15 [Enviga](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enviga \"Enviga\") [Gale's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gale%27s \"Gale's\") [Galderma Laboratories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galderma \"Galderma\") [Cetaphil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cetaphil \"Cetaphil\") [Epiduo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adapalene\/benzoyl_peroxide \"Adapalene\/benzoyl peroxide\") [Restylane](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Restylane \"Restylane\") [Hoadley's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates \"Hoadley's Chocolates\") [Ice Mountain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_Mountain_\$water\$ \"Ice Mountain (water)\") [Jenny Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. \"Jenny Craig, Inc.\") [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") [Ozarka](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ozarka \"Ozarka\") [Peter's Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter%27s_Chocolate \"Peter's Chocolate\") [Poland Spring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poland_Spring \"Poland Spring\") [Polly Waffle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polly_Waffle \"Polly Waffle\") [PowerBar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PowerBar \"PowerBar\") [Powwow Water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Powwow_Water \"Powwow Water\") [Rowntree Mackintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery \"Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery\") [Violet Crumble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violet_Crumble \"Violet Crumble\") [Wonder Ball](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wonder_Ball \"Wonder Ball\") [Zephyrhills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zephyrhills_\$water\$ \"Zephyrhills (water)\") |\n| People | [Günter Blobel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel \"Günter Blobel\") [Paul Bulcke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bulcke \"Paul Bulcke\") [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe \"Peter Brabeck-Letmathe\") [Nobuyuki Idei](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nobuyuki_Idei \"Nobuyuki Idei\") [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") [Kaspar Villiger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaspar_Villiger \"Kaspar Villiger\") |\n| Related | [Nestea European Championship Tour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea_European_Championship_Tour \"Nestea European Championship Tour\") [1977 Nestlé boycott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"1977 Nestlé boycott\") [Nestlé Invitational](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arnold_Palmer_Invitational \"Arnold Palmer Invitational\") [Nestlé Rowntree F.C.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntrees_F.C. \"Rowntrees F.C.\") [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize \"Nestlé Smarties Book Prize\") [Nestlé Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower \"Nestlé Tower\") [Nestlé Tutbury](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Tutbury \"Nestlé Tutbury\") [Toll House cookies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate_chip_cookie \"Chocolate chip cookie\") [International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Code_of_Marketing_of_Breast-milk_Substitutes \"International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes\") [Nescafé Basement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9_Basement \"Nescafé Basement\") [Maggi noodles safety concerns in India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi_noodles_safety_concerns_in_India \"Maggi noodles safety concerns in India\") [Freshly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freshly \"Freshly\") |\n| Related articles | [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\") [Controversies of Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\") |\n| 1 Brand owned by [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\"); Produced by General Mills in the U.S. and Canada. Produced by [Cereal Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") under the Nestlé brand elsewhere. 2 Brand owned by [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\"); U.S. and Canadian production rights controlled by Nestlé under license. 3 U.S. production rights owned by [The Hershey Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hershey_Company \"The Hershey Company\"). 4 U.S. rights and production owned by the [Smarties Candy Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties_Candy_Company \"Smarties Candy Company\") with a different product. 5 U.S. rights and specific trade dress owned by Nestlé; rights elsewhere owned by [Associated British Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_British_Foods \"Associated British Foods\"). 6 Produced by Cereal Partners, branded as Nestlé. 7 Brand owned by [Post Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post_Foods \"Post Foods\"); Produced by Cereal Partners and branded as Nestlé in the U.K. and Ireland. 8 Philippine production rights owned by [Alaska Milk Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska_Milk_Corporation \"Alaska Milk Corporation\"). 9 Singaporean, Malaysian and Thai production rights owned by [Fraser and Neave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fraser_and_Neave \"Fraser and Neave\"). 10 Used only in Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia. 11 Used only in the Philippines. 12 U.S. production rights owned by the [Ferrara Candy Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrara_Candy_Company \"Ferrara Candy Company\"). 13 [NA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_America \"North America\") rights and specific trade dress to all packaged coffee and other products under the Starbucks brand owned by Nestlé since 2019. 14 Brand owned by [Mars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Inc. \"Mars Inc.\"), sold by Nestlé in Canada. 15 Produced by [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\") in the U.S. since 2020. ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 \"Category:Nestlé\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Rowntree%27s \"Template:Rowntree's\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rowntree%27s&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Template talk:Rowntree's (page does not exist)\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Rowntree%27s \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Rowntree's\")[Rowntree's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s \"Rowntree's\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| Parent | [Nestlé]() |\n| Brands and  subsidiaries |   |\n|   |   |\n| Current | [Fruit Gums](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums \"Rowntree's Fruit Gums\") [Fruit Pastilles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles \"Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles\") |\n| Former | [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Aero (chocolate bar)\") [After Eight](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/After_Eight \"After Eight\") [Black Magic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Magic_\$chocolates\$ \"Black Magic (chocolates)\") [Caramac](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Caramac \"Caramac\") [Gale's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gale%27s \"Gale's\") [Hoadley's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates \"Hoadley's Chocolates\") [Polly Waffle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polly_Waffle \"Polly Waffle\") [Violet Crumble](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Violet_Crumble \"Violet Crumble\") [Hot Sam Pretzels](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_Sam_Pretzels \"Hot Sam Pretzels\") [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\") [Laura Secord](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Secord_Chocolates \"Laura Secord Chocolates\") [Lion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lion_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Lion (chocolate bar)\") [Matchmakers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Matchmakers \"Matchmakers\") [Menier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menier_Chocolate \"Menier Chocolate\") [Polo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polo_\$confectionery\$ \"Polo (confectionery)\") [Quality Street](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_Street_\$confectionery\$ \"Quality Street (confectionery)\") [Rolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolo \"Rolo\") [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\") [Tom's Snacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tom%27s_Snacks \"Tom's Snacks\") [Yorkie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yorkie_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Yorkie (chocolate bar)\") |\n| People | [Henry Isaac Rowntree](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Isaac_Rowntree \"Henry Isaac Rowntree\") [Joseph Rowntree](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseph_Rowntree_\$philanthropist\$ \"Joseph Rowntree (philanthropist)\") [Seebohm Rowntree](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seebohm_Rowntree \"Seebohm Rowntree\") |\n| Related | [Mackintosh's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mackintosh%27s \"Mackintosh's\") [Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery \"Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery\") |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Rowntree%27s \"Category:Rowntree's\") [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg \"Commons page\") [Commons](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Rowntree%27s \"commons:Category:Rowntree's\") |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders \"Template:British royal warrant holders\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:British_royal_warrant_holders \"Template talk:British royal warrant holders\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders \"Special:EditPage\/Template:British royal warrant holders\")[Selected royal warrant holders of the British royal family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_\$United_Kingdom\$ \"Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| By Appointment to   [King Charles III](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Charles_III \"King Charles III\") | [Anderson & Sheppard](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anderson_%26_Sheppard \"Anderson & Sheppard\") [Andrex](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andrex \"Andrex\") [Abels Moving Services](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abels_Moving_Services \"Abels Moving Services\") [Ainsworths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ainsworths \"Ainsworths\") [Aston Martin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aston_Martin \"Aston Martin\") [Autoglym](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autoglym \"Autoglym\") [Axminster Carpets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axminster_Carpets \"Axminster Carpets\") [Barbour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbour_\$company\$ \"Barbour (company)\") [Bendicks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bendicks \"Bendicks\") [Bentley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bentley \"Bentley\") [Berry Bros. & Rudd](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Berry_Bros._%26_Rudd \"Berry Bros. & Rudd\") [British Sugar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Sugar \"British Sugar\") [BT](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BT_Group \"BT Group\") [Burberry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Burberry \"Burberry\") [Bollinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bollinger \"Bollinger\") [Dairy Crest](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dairy_Crest \"Dairy Crest\") [DAKS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DAKS \"DAKS\") [DHL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DHL \"DHL\") [Dubonnet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dubonnet \"Dubonnet\") [Dunelm Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dunelm_Group \"Dunelm Group\") [Ede & Ravenscroft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft \"Ede & Ravenscroft\") [Fortnum & Mason](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortnum_%26_Mason \"Fortnum & Mason\") [Garrard & Co](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garrard_%26_Co \"Garrard & Co\") [Gieves & Hawkes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gieves_%26_Hawkes \"Gieves & Hawkes\") [Gordon's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gordon%27s_Gin \"Gordon's Gin\") [Hatchards](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hatchards \"Hatchards\") [Heinz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Heinz \"Heinz\") [Henry Poole & Co](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_Poole_%26_Co \"Henry Poole & Co\") [Holland & Holland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holland_%26_Holland \"Holland & Holland\") [Hugo Burnand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hugo_Burnand \"Hugo Burnand\") [Jaguar Land Rover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaguar_Land_Rover \"Jaguar Land Rover\") [James Lock & Co.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Lock_%26_Co. \"James Lock & Co.\") [James Purdey & Sons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/James_Purdey_%26_Sons \"James Purdey & Sons\") [John Deere](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Deere \"John Deere\") [John Lewis & Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Lewis_%26_Partners \"John Lewis & Partners\") [John Lobb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Lobb_Bootmaker \"John Lobb Bootmaker\") [Johnstons of Elgin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johnstons_of_Elgin \"Johnstons of Elgin\") [Kellogg's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kellogg%27s \"Kellogg's\") [Laurent-Perrier](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurent-Perrier \"Laurent-Perrier\") [Laphroaig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laphroaig_distillery \"Laphroaig distillery\") [Louis Roederer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Roederer \"Louis Roederer\") [Loake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loake \"Loake\") [Mappin & Webb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mappin_%26_Webb \"Mappin & Webb\") [Martini & Rossi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martini_%26_Rossi \"Martini & Rossi\") [McIlhenny Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McIlhenny_Company \"McIlhenny Company\") [McVitie's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McVitie%27s \"McVitie's\") [Mercedes-Benz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedes-Benz \"Mercedes-Benz\") [Minky](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minky \"Minky\") [Moët & Chandon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mo%C3%ABt_%26_Chandon \"Moët & Chandon\") [Molton Brown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Molton_Brown \"Molton Brown\") [Moyses Stevens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moyses_Stevens \"Moyses Stevens\") [Nestlé]() [Parker Pen Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parker_Pen_Company \"Parker Pen Company\") [Penhaligon's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penhaligon%27s \"Penhaligon's\") [pladis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pladis \"Pladis\") [Ritz London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London \"The Ritz Hotel, London\") [Roberts Radio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roberts_Radio \"Roberts Radio\") [Ryvita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ryvita \"Ryvita\") [Samsung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsung \"Samsung\") [Schweppes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schweppes \"Schweppes\") [Shepherd Neame](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shepherd_Neame_Brewery \"Shepherd Neame Brewery\") [Spink & Son](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spink_%26_Son \"Spink & Son\") [Tanqueray](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tanqueray \"Tanqueray\") [Tate & Lyle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tate_%26_Lyle \"Tate & Lyle\") [Turnbull & Asser](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turnbull_%26_Asser \"Turnbull & Asser\") [Twinings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twinings \"Twinings\") [Veuve Clicquot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veuve_Clicquot \"Veuve Clicquot\") [Waitrose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Waitrose \"Waitrose\") [Walker's Shortbread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walker%27s_Shortbread \"Walker's Shortbread\") [Wartski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wartski \"Wartski\") [Weetabix](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Weetabix \"Weetabix\") [Wilkin & Sons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wilkin_%26_Sons \"Wilkin & Sons\") [Winsor & Newton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Winsor_%26_Newton \"Winsor & Newton\") [Wolsey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolsey_\$clothing\$ \"Wolsey (clothing)\") [Worcestershire Medal Service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Worcestershire_Medal_Service \"Worcestershire Medal Service\") | [![Coat of arms of His Majesty the King](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg\/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_\$2022,_variant_2\$.svg \"Coat of arms of His Majesty the King\")  [![Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/37\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%282022%29.svg\/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%282022%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_\$2022\$.svg \"Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland\")  [![Coat of arms of Her Majesty Queen Camilla](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg\/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg \"Coat of arms of Her Majesty Queen Camilla\") |\n| By Appointment to   [Queen Camilla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Queen_Camilla \"Queen Camilla\") | [Anna Valentine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_Valentine \"Anna Valentine\") [Barnard & Westwood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barnard_%26_Westwood \"Barnard & Westwood\") [Ede & Ravenscroft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft \"Ede & Ravenscroft\") [Frank Smythson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smythson \"Smythson\") [Fortnum & Mason](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortnum_%26_Mason \"Fortnum & Mason\") [Jaguar Land Rover](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaguar_Land_Rover \"Jaguar Land Rover\") [Launer London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Launer_London \"Launer London\") [Philip Treacy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philip_Treacy \"Philip Treacy\") [Roger Pope & Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roger_Pope_%26_Partners \"Roger Pope & Partners\") [Shane Connolly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shane_Connolly_\$florist\$ \"Shane Connolly (florist)\") [Wartski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wartski \"Wartski\") |   |\n| ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/96\/Symbol_category_class.svg\/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders \"Category:British royal warrant holders\") |   |   |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies \"Template:Swiss Market Index companies\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Swiss_Market_Index_companies \"Template talk:Swiss Market Index companies\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Swiss Market Index companies\")[![Switzerland](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") [Swiss Market Index](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Market_Index \"Swiss Market Index\") companies of Switzerland |\n|---|\n| [ABB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABB \"ABB\") [Alcon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") [Geberit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geberit \"Geberit\") [Givaudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Givaudan \"Givaudan\") [Holcim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holcim_Group \"Holcim Group\") [Kühne + Nagel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C3%BChne_%2B_Nagel \"Kühne + Nagel\") [Logitech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logitech \"Logitech\") [Lonza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lonza_Group \"Lonza Group\") [Nestlé]() [Novartis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novartis \"Novartis\") [Partners Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partners_Group \"Partners Group\") [Richemont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richemont \"Richemont\") [Roche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roche \"Roche\") [Sika](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sika_AG \"Sika AG\") [Sonova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonova \"Sonova\") [Swiss Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Life \"Swiss Life\") [Swiss Re](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Re \"Swiss Re\") [Swisscom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swisscom \"Swisscom\") [UBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UBS \"UBS\") [Zurich Insurance Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zurich_Insurance_Group \"Zurich Insurance Group\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies \"Template:Swiss Leader Index companies\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies \"Template talk:Swiss Leader Index companies\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Swiss Leader Index companies\")[![Switzerland](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland \"Switzerland\") [Swiss Leader Index](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Leader_Index \"Swiss Leader Index\") companies of Switzerland |\n|---|\n| [ABB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABB \"ABB\") [Adecco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Adecco_Group \"The Adecco Group\") [ams](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ams_AG \"Ams AG\") [Alcon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") [Geberit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geberit \"Geberit\") [Givaudan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Givaudan \"Givaudan\") [Holcim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holcim_Group \"Holcim Group\") [Julius Bär](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Baer_Group \"Julius Baer Group\") [Kuehne + Nagel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuehne_%2B_Nagel \"Kuehne + Nagel\") [Lindt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lindt \"Lindt\") (PS) [Logitech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Logitech \"Logitech\") [Lonza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lonza_Group \"Lonza Group\") [Nestlé]() [Novartis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novartis \"Novartis\") [Partners Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partners_Group \"Partners Group\") [Richemont](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Richemont \"Richemont\") [Roche](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roche \"Roche\") [Schindler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Schindler_Group \"Schindler Group\") [SGS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SGS_S.A. \"SGS S.A.\") [Sika](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sika_AG \"Sika AG\") [Sonova](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sonova \"Sonova\") [Straumann](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Straumann \"Straumann\") [Swatch Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Swatch_Group \"The Swatch Group\") [Swiss Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Life \"Swiss Life\") [Swiss Re](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Re \"Swiss Re\") [Swisscom](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swisscom \"Swisscom\") [Temenos](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temenos_AG \"Temenos AG\") [UBS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UBS \"UBS\") [VAT Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VAT_Group \"VAT Group\") [Zurich Insurance Group](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zurich_Insurance_Group \"Zurich Insurance Group\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Food_industry_criticism \"Template:Food industry criticism\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Food_industry_criticism \"Template talk:Food industry criticism\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Food_industry_criticism \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Food industry criticism\")[Food industry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_industry \"Food industry\") criticism |   |\n|---|---|\n| Books | *[The Jungle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Jungle \"The Jungle\")* (1906) *[Modern Meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Modern_Meat \"Modern Meat\")* (1984) *[Diet for a New America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diet_for_a_New_America \"Diet for a New America\")* (1987) *[Fast Food Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_Food_Nation \"Fast Food Nation\")* (2001) *[Reefer Madness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reefer_Madness_\$2003_book\$ \"Reefer Madness (2003 book)\")* (2003) *[Shopped](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shopped \"Shopped\")* (2004) *[Chew on This](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chew_on_This \"Chew on This\")* (2006) *[My Secret Life on the McJob](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/My_Secret_Life_on_the_McJob \"My Secret Life on the McJob\")* (2006) *[The Omnivore's Dilemma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Omnivore%27s_Dilemma \"The Omnivore's Dilemma\")* (2006) *[Eating Animals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eating_Animals \"Eating Animals\")* (2009) *[Wheat Belly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wheat_Belly \"Wheat Belly\")* (2011) *[Farmageddon: The True Cost of Cheap Meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farmageddon_\$book\$ \"Farmageddon (book)\")* (2014) *[Ultra-Processed People](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultra-Processed_People \"Ultra-Processed People\")* (2023) *[Meat Atlas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_Atlas \"Meat Atlas\")* (annual) |\n| Films | *[The Jungle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Jungle_\$1914_film\$ \"The Jungle (1914 film)\")* (1914) *[Diet for a New America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diet_for_a_New_America_\$film\$ \"Diet for a New America (film)\")* (1991) *[McLibel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McLibel_\$film\$ \"McLibel (film)\")* (1997) *[The Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Corporation_\$2003_film\$ \"The Corporation (2003 film)\")* (2003) *[Super Size Me](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Super_Size_Me \"Super Size Me\")* (2004) *[The Future of Food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Future_of_Food \"The Future of Food\")* (2004) *[We Feed the World](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/We_Feed_the_World \"We Feed the World\")* (2005) *[Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wal-Mart:_The_High_Cost_of_Low_Price \"Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price\")* (2005) *[Our Daily Bread](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Our_Daily_Bread_\$2005_film\$ \"Our Daily Bread (2005 film)\")* (2005) *[Earthlings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earthlings_\$film\$ \"Earthlings (film)\")* (2005) *[Fast Food Nation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_Food_Nation_\$film\$ \"Fast Food Nation (film)\")* (2006) *[Black Gold](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_Gold_\$2006_film\$ \"Black Gold (2006 film)\")* (2006) *[King Corn](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Corn_\$film\$ \"King Corn (film)\")* (2007) *[Food, Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food,_Inc. \"Food, Inc.\")* (2008) *[Million Calorie March: The Movie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Million_Calorie_March:_The_Movie \"Million Calorie March: The Movie\")* (2008) *[The World According to Monsanto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_World_According_to_Monsanto \"The World According to Monsanto\")* (2008) *[Fresh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fresh_\$2009_film\$ \"Fresh (2009 film)\")* (2009) *[Bananas!\\*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bananas!* \"Bananas!*\")* (2009) *[Big Boys Gone Bananas!\\*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Boys_Gone_Bananas!* \"Big Boys Gone Bananas!*\")* (2011) *[The Dark Side of Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Dark_Side_of_Chocolate \"The Dark Side of Chocolate\")* (2010) *[Forks Over Knives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forks_Over_Knives \"Forks Over Knives\")* (2011) *[A Place at the Table](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/A_Place_at_the_Table \"A Place at the Table\")* (2013) *[Fed Up](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fed_Up_\$film\$ \"Fed Up (film)\")* (2014) *[Cowspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cowspiracy \"Cowspiracy\")* (2014) *[Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Super_Size_Me_2:_Holy_Chicken! \"Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken!\")* (2017) *[Dominion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominion_\$2018_film\$ \"Dominion (2018 film)\")* (2018) *[Food, Inc. 2](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food,_Inc._2 \"Food, Inc. 2\")* (2023) |\n| Organizations | [Coca-Cola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola \"Criticism of Coca-Cola\") [Cargill](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticisms_of_Cargill \"Criticisms of Cargill\") [McDonald's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_McDonald%27s \"Criticism of McDonald's\") [Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\") [boycott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"Nestlé boycott\") [Tesco](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_Tesco \"Criticism of Tesco\") |\n| Concepts | [Child labour in cocoa production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production \"Child labour in cocoa production\") [Ethics of eating meat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ethics_of_eating_meat \"Ethics of eating meat\") [Fair trade](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_trade \"Fair trade\") [coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_trade_coffee \"Fair trade coffee\") [Fast food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fast_food \"Fast food\") [criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criticism_of_fast_food \"Criticism of fast food\") [Food safety](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_safety \"Food safety\") [Genetically modified food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetically_modified_food \"Genetically modified food\") ([controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetically_modified_food_controversies \"Genetically modified food controversies\")) |\n| By country | [China](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_safety_incidents_in_China \"Food safety incidents in China\") [Taiwan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_safety_incidents_in_Taiwan \"Food safety incidents in Taiwan\") |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q160746#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [ISNI](https:\/\/isni.org\/isni\/0000000100664948) [2](https:\/\/isni.org\/isni\/0000000123374409) [VIAF](https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/157382467) [GND](https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/2070341-7) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/no89000097) [France](https:\/\/catalogue.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb119918512) [BnF data](https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/cb119918512) [Czech Republic](https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20030929005&CON_LNG=ENG) [2](https:\/\/aleph.nkp.cz\/F\/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003200153&CON_LNG=ENG) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007590271805171) [Catalonia](https:\/\/cantic.bnc.cat\/registre\/981058513897206706) |\n| Other | [Historical Dictionary of Switzerland](https:\/\/hls-dhs-dss.ch\/fr\/articles\/041776) [MusicBrainz label](https:\/\/musicbrainz.org\/label\/d9e2fbe5-978b-47f5-ab07-c13cf7c44831) [SNAC](https:\/\/snaccooperative.org\/ark:\/99166\/w63z67k6) [Yale LUX](https:\/\/lux.collections.yale.edu\/view\/group\/3a2bc5e6-34ec-4ba1-8130-9296f1d424fe) |\n\n[Portals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals \"Wikipedia:Contents\/Portals\"):\n\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png) [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Switzerland \"Portal:Switzerland\")\n- [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Foodlogo2.svg\/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Food \"Portal:Food\")\n- ![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Industry5.svg\/20px-Industry5.svg.png) [Companies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Companies \"Portal:Companies\")\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nNestlé\n\n88 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9)","attrs_readable_markdown":"|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Nestl%C3%A9.svg\/250px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A9.svg) |   |\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg\/330px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)Headquarters in [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), Switzerland |   |\n| Formerly | List [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\") (1866–1867) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947) Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977) |\n| Company type | [Public](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_company \"Public company\") |\n| [Traded as](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ticker_symbol \"Ticker symbol\") | [SIX](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SIX_Swiss_Exchange \"SIX Swiss Exchange\"): [NESN](https:\/\/www.six-group.com\/en\/products-services\/the-swiss-stock-exchange\/market-data\/news-tools\/product-search.html?security=NESN) |\n| [ISIN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Securities_Identification_Number \"International Securities Identification Number\") | [CH0038863350](https:\/\/isin.toolforge.org\/?language=en&isin=CH0038863350) |\n| Industry | [Food processing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Food_processing \"Food processing\") |\n| Predecessor | Hollandia [![Edit this on Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q160746?uselang=en#P155 \"Edit this on Wikidata\") |\n| Founded | 1866; 160 years ago (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch) |\n| Founder | [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch) |\n| Headquarters | [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), [Vaud](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canton_of_Vaud \"Canton of Vaud\"), Switzerland |\n| Area served | Worldwide |\n| Key people | [Pablo Isla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Isla \"Pablo Isla\") ([chairman](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chairman \"Chairman\")) [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\") ([CEO](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chief_executive_officer \"Chief executive officer\")) [Dick Boer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dick_Boer \"Dick Boer\") (vice chairman) |\n| Products | [Baby food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\") [coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee \"Coffee\") [dairy products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dairy_products \"Dairy products\") [breakfast cereals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast_cereals \"Breakfast cereals\") [confectionery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confectionery \"Confectionery\") [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\") [ice cream](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ice_cream \"Ice cream\") [pet foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_foods \"Pet foods\") [dietary supplements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dietary_supplement \"Dietary supplement\") [protein supplements](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Protein_supplement \"Protein supplement\") |\n| Brands | [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\") |\n| Revenue | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") 89.49 billion (2025) |\n| [Operating income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes \"Earnings before interest and taxes\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 12.28 billion (2025) |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 9.033 billion (2025) |\n| [Total assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 127.2 billion (2025) |\n| [Total equity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Equity_\$finance\$ \"Equity (finance)\") | ![Decrease](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Decrease2.svg\/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 32.81 billion (2025) |\n| Number of employees | 271,000 (2025) |\n| [Subsidiaries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subsidiary \"Subsidiary\") | [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") (50%) |\n| Website | [nestle.com](http:\/\/nestle.com\/) |\n| **Footnotes \/ references** [\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-FR2025-1)[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Management-2) |   |\n\n**Nestlé S.A.**[\\[a\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-3) ( [*NESS\\-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key \"Help:Pronunciation respelling key\");[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-4)\\[*[better source needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")*\\] French: [\\[nɛsle\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:IPA\/French \"Help:IPA\/French\")) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in [Vevey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vevey \"Vevey\"), Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-money.cnn.com-5)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-6)[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-7) It ranked No. 64 on the [*Fortune* Global 500](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fortune_Global_500 \"Fortune Global 500\") in 2017.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-8) In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the [*Forbes* Global 2000](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forbes_Global_2000 \"Forbes Global 2000\").[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-9)\n\nNestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") and [baby food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), [dairy products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dairy_product \"Dairy product\") and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, [pet foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_food \"Pet food\"), and [medical food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_food \"Medical food\"). Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") (about [US\\$](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\")1\\.1 billion),[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-10) including [Nespresso](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\"), [Nescafé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9 \"Nescafé\"), [Nestea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea \"Nestea\"), [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\"), [Nesquik](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nesquik \"Nesquik\"), [Stouffer Corporation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stouffer_Corporation \"Stouffer Corporation\"), [Vittel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vittel_\$water\$ \"Vittel (water)\"), and [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\"). As of 2025, Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) It is one of the main shareholders of [L'Oreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\"), the world's largest cosmetics company.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-12)\n\nNestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\"), which was established in 1866 by brothers [George Ham Page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Ham_Page \"George Ham Page\") and Charles Page, and \"Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé\" founded in 1867 by [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\").[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-13) The company grew significantly during [World War I](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I \"World War I\") and again following [World War II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II \"World War II\"), expanding its offerings beyond its early [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\") and [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including [Findus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Findus \"Findus\") in 1963, [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") in 1971, [Rowntree Mackintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery \"Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery\") in 1988, [Klim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Klim_\$powdered_milk\$ \"Klim (powdered milk)\") in 1998, and [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") in 2007.\n\nNestlé has faced [longstanding criticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\") over its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked [a boycott in the 1970s](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"1977 Nestlé boycott\") for discouraging [breastfeeding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breastfeeding \"Breastfeeding\"). It has also been accused of benefiting from [child labor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production \"Child labour in cocoa production\"), [forced labor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Forced_labor \"Forced labor\"), and [deforestation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deforestation \"Deforestation\") in West African cocoa production, fined for [price-fixing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Price-fixing \"Price-fixing\") cartels and criticized for its [water extraction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_extraction \"Water extraction\") practices.\n\nHistory\n\n1866–1900: Founding and early years\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/ae\/Henry_Nestle.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Henry_Nestle.jpg)\n\n[Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\").\n\nNestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout [Europe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Europe \"Europe\") and the [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States \"United States\").[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-14)\n\nTimeline\n\n- 1866: Charles Page ([US consul to Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Diplomatic_relations \"Switzerland–United States relations\")) and [George Ham Page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Ham_Page \"George Ham Page\"), brothers from [Lee County, Illinois](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_County,_Illinois \"Lee County, Illinois\"), established the [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company \"Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company\") in [Cham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cham,_Switzerland \"Cham, Switzerland\"), Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at [Chippenham](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chippenham \"Chippenham\"), Wiltshire in 1873.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-15)[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-16)\n- 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, [Henri Nestlé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Henri Nestlé\") developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, [Daniel Peter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Peter \"Daniel Peter\") began seven years of work perfecting the [milk chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Types_of_chocolate \"Types of chocolate\") manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew.\n- 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as *Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé*.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\][\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-17)\n- 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added [condensed milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Condensed_milk \"Condensed milk\") to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals.\n- 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-18)\n- 1890: Henri Nestlé died.\n\n1901–1989: Mergers\n\nIn the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the [chocolate industry in Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_chocolate \"Swiss chocolate\"), together with the [Peter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter%27s_Chocolate \"Peter's Chocolate\"), [Kohler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolat_Kohler \"Chocolat Kohler\"), and [Cailler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cailler \"Cailler\") families.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-19) In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of [Charles-Amédée Kohler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Kohler \"Charles-Amédée Kohler\") who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the *Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis*. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-20) Alexandre Cailler (grandson of [François-Louis Cailler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Cailler \"François-Louis Cailler\")) had founded a chocolate factory in [Broc](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Broc \"Broc\") in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Chrystal-21)[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Industry-22) An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the [Fulton](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fulton,_Oswego_County,_New_York \"Fulton, Oswego County, New York\") plant.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-23)\n\nIn 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\") SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-24) The [First World War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_World_War \"First World War\") created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg\/250px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)\n\nCertificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918\n\nIn January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in [Oregon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oregon \"Oregon\") from the company [Geibisch and Joplin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geibisch_and_Joplin \"Geibisch and Joplin\") for \\$250,000. One was in [Bandon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bandon,_Oregon \"Bandon, Oregon\"), while the other was in [Milwaukie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milwaukie,_Oregon \"Milwaukie, Oregon\"). They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-25)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg\/250px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s,_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)\n\nAleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s\n\nAfter the [World War I](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_I \"World War I\"), government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; [white chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkybar \"Milkybar\") was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by [Édouard Muller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89douard_Muller_\$Nestl%C3%A9\$ \"Édouard Muller (Nestlé)\") till his death in 1948.\n\nNestlé felt the effects of the [Second World War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_War_II \"World War II\") immediately. Profits dropped from US\\$20 million in 1938 to US\\$6 million in 1939.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-26) Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, [Nescafé](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nescaf%C3%A9 \"Nescafé\") (\"Nestlé's Coffee\"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/6b\/Nestle_logo_1938.png\/250px-Nestle_logo_1938.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestle_logo_1938.png)\n\nThe logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-28)\n\nThe end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\"), a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. [Crosse & Blackwell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crosse_%26_Blackwell \"Crosse & Blackwell\") followed in 1960, as did [Findus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Findus \"Findus\") (1963), [Libby's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Libby%27s \"Libby's\") (1971), and [Stouffer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stouffer%27s \"Stouffer's\") (1973).[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) Diversification came under chairman & CEO [Pierre Liotard-Vogt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Pierre_Liotard-Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Pierre Liotard-Vogt (page does not exist)\") with a shareholding in [L'Oreal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%27Or%C3%A9al \"L'Oréal\") in 1974 and the acquisition of [Alcon Laboratories Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") in 1977 for \\$280 million.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29)\n\nIn the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. [Carnation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carnation_\$trademark\$ \"Carnation (trademark)\") was acquired for US\\$3 billion in 1984 and brought the [evaporated milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Evaporated_milk \"Evaporated milk\") brand, as well as [Coffee-Mate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coffee-Mate \"Coffee-Mate\") and [Friskies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friskies \"Friskies\"), to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded [Nestlé Nespresso S.A.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nespresso \"Nespresso\") The British confectionery company [Rowntree Mackintosh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rowntree%27s \"Rowntree's\") was acquired in 1988 for \\$4.5 billion, which brought brands such as [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Rolo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rolo \"Rolo\"), [Smarties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smarties \"Smarties\"), and [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate\$ \"Aero (chocolate)\").[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-30)\n\n1990–2011: International growth\n\nThe first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included [San Pellegrino](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S.Pellegrino \"S.Pellegrino\") (1997), [D'Onofrio](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%27Onofrio_\$brand\$ \"D'Onofrio (brand)\") (1997), and [Spillers Petfoods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spillers \"Spillers\") (1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm [EQT AB](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EQT_AB \"EQT AB\").[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-31)[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-32)\n\nIn the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included [Ralston Purina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ralston_Purina \"Ralston Purina\") (2002), [Dreyer's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dreyer%27s \"Dreyer's\") ice cream, and a [US\\$](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_dollar \"United States dollar\")2\\.6 billion acquisition of [Chef America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chef_America \"Chef America\"), the creator of [Hot Pockets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hot_Pockets \"Hot Pockets\"). In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company [Hershey's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hershey_Company \"The Hershey Company\"), one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-33)\n\nIn December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-34) In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-35) In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company [Jenny Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. \"Jenny Craig, Inc.\") for US\\$600 million.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-36) In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US\\$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as [Ovaltine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ovaltine \"Ovaltine\"), the \"Boost\" and \"Resource\" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-37)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg\/250px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)\n\nThe Brazilian president, [Lula da Silva](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lula_da_Silva \"Lula da Silva\"), inaugurates a factory in [Feira de Santana](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feira_de_Santana \"Feira de Santana\") ([Bahia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bahia \"Bahia\")), in February 2007.\n\nIn April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") for US\\$5.5 billion.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-38)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-39)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-40) In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, [Pierre Marcolini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pierre_Marcolini \"Pierre Marcolini\").[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-41)\n\nIn late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found [melamine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melamine \"Melamine\") in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick-42)[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick2-43) The following June, an [outbreak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Outbreak \"Outbreak\") of [*E. coli* O157:H7](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7 \"Escherichia coli O157:H7\") was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated [cookie dough](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cookie_dough \"Cookie dough\") originating in a plant in [Danville](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danville,_Virginia \"Danville, Virginia\"), Virginia.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-44)\n\nNestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in [Alcon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcon \"Alcon\") to [Novartis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Novartis \"Novartis\") on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US\\$39.3 billion offer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-45) On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of [Kraft Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Foods \"Kraft Foods\")'s North American frozen pizza business for US\\$3.7 billion, which included brands such as [DiGiorno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/DiGiorno \"DiGiorno\"), [Tombstone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tombstone_\$pizza\$ \"Tombstone (pizza)\"), and [California Pizza Kitchen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_Pizza_Kitchen \"California Pizza Kitchen\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-46)[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-47)\n\nSince 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a [nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nutrition \"Nutrition\"), health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop \"a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals\" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace [pharmaceutical drugs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pharmaceutical_drug \"Pharmaceutical drug\") from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-48)\n\nIt acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with [genetic disorders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genetic_disorder \"Genetic disorder\"), in August 2010.[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-49) In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US\\$1.7 billion.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-50) On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire [Pfizer Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pfizer_Inc. \"Pfizer Inc.\")'s [infant-nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US\\$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from [Danone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danone \"Danone\") and Mead Johnson.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-51)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-52)[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-53)\n\n2012–present\n\nIn recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM\\&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops [kiwifruit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kiwifruit \"Kiwifruit\")\\-based food products as of 2012.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-54)\n\nNestlé sold its [Jenny Craig](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. \"Jenny Craig, Inc.\") business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-55) In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-56) In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-57) Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-58)\n\nIn December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about \\$350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as [Intel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intel \"Intel\") and [Bank of America](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bank_of_America \"Bank of America\").[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-59)\n\nIn May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of [Uttar Pradesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uttar_Pradesh \"Uttar Pradesh\"), India, found that samples of [Nestlé India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_India \"Nestlé India\")'s [Maggi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maggi \"Maggi\") noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to [monosodium glutamate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monosodium_glutamate \"Monosodium glutamate\").[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-60)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-NDTV-61)[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-62)\n\nIn January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from [Glendale, California](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Glendale,_California \"Glendale, California\"), to [Rosslyn, Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rosslyn,_Virginia \"Rosslyn, Virginia\"), outside of [Washington, DC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Washington,_DC \"Washington, DC\").[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-63)\n\nIn March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in [Kit Kat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kit_Kat \"Kit Kat\"), [Yorkie](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yorkie_\$chocolate_bar\$ \"Yorkie (chocolate bar)\") and [Aero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aero_\$chocolate\$ \"Aero (chocolate)\") chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-64) In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-65)\n\nThe company announced a \\$20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by [Third Point Management](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Third_Point_Management \"Third Point Management\") founder [Daniel S. Loeb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_S._Loeb \"Daniel S. Loeb\"), Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a \\$3.5 billion stake,[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-66) explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67)\n\nIn 2016, Nestlé and [PAI Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PAI_Partners \"PAI Partners\") establish a joint venture, [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\"), to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-68)\n\nIn March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the [Beverage Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide \"Beverage Partners Worldwide\") venture effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand [Nestea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestea \"Nestea\") on its own.[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ift-69)\n\nIn July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of [infant formula](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Infant_formula \"Infant formula\") in Spain, containing two [human milk oligosaccharides](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Human_milk_oligosaccharide \"Human milk oligosaccharide\").[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-70) Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula.\n\nIn September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of [Blue Bottle Coffee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blue_Bottle_Coffee \"Blue Bottle Coffee\").[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-71) While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the *Financial Times* reported \"Nestlé is understood to be paying up to \\$500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle\".[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-72)\n\nIn September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-73)\n\nNestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was \"delivering results\" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-74)[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-75)\n\nIn January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the [100 Grand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/100_Grand_Bar \"100 Grand Bar\"), [BabyRuth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_Ruth \"Baby Ruth\"), [Butterfinger](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Butterfinger \"Butterfinger\"), [OhHenry\\!](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oh_Henry! \"Oh Henry!\"), [Raisinets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chocolate-covered_raisin \"Chocolate-covered raisin\") and [SnoCaps](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sno-Caps \"Sno-Caps\") to [Ferrara Candy Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrara_Candy_Company \"Ferrara Candy Company\"), an American-based chocolate and candy maker and [Ferrero](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrero_SpA \"Ferrero SpA\")\\-related company.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) The company was sold for a total of an estimated \\$2.8 billion.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76)\n\nIn May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and [Starbucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starbucks \"Starbucks\") struck a \\$7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-77)\n\nIn September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for \\$1.55 billion.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-78)[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-79)\n\nIn October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with [SAP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SAP_SE \"SAP SE\") & [EnterpriseAlumni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EnterpriseAlumni \"EnterpriseAlumni\"), to engage with their over 1 million [alumni](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Corporate_Alumni \"Corporate Alumni\") globally.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-80)\n\nIn 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-81)\n\nIn 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\").[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-82) Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a \"tuna salad\" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-83)\n\nOn 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and [Metropoulos & Co](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metropoulos_%26_Co. \"Metropoulos & Co.\"). The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-84)[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-85) In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-86)\n\nThe [COVID-19 pandemic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_pandemic \"COVID-19 pandemic\") did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-87)\n\nIn April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing [Bountiful Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBTY \"NBTY\"), formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for \\$5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's\\[*[which?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words \"Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words\")*\\] growth that quarter came from \"vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system\". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-88)[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-89)[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-90)\n\nIn July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-91)\n\nIn January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-92)\n\nIn May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the [Brazilian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brazil \"Brazil\") organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-93)\n\nIn May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the [2022 United States infant formula shortage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2022_United_States_infant_formula_shortage \"2022 United States infant formula shortage\"). These relief shipments included products from the [Gerber](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gerber_Products_Company \"Gerber Products Company\") baby food formula brand from the [Netherlands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Netherlands \"Netherlands\") and Alfamino baby formula from [Switzerland](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Switzerland \"Switzerland\").[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-94)\n\nIn September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the [Extrema, Minas Gerais](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extrema,_Minas_Gerais \"Extrema, Minas Gerais\")\\-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-95)\n\nFollowing the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine \"Russian invasion of Ukraine\"), the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's [National Agency on Corruption Prevention](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention \"National Agency on Corruption Prevention\") listed Nestlé as an [International Sponsor of War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Sponsors_of_War \"International Sponsors of War\"). Nestle stated that it had already \"halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia\".[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-96)\n\nIn February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in [India](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/India \"India\") and increasing investments — the company will invest between [₹](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_rupee \"Indian rupee\")60-65 billion (\\$723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-97)\n\nNestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by [Laurent Freixe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurent_Freixe \"Laurent Freixe\") on September 1, 2024.[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-98)\n\nIn May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India.[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-99)\n\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) The company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) That investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) After the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Freixe did not receive any remuneration on exit.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100)\n\nFollowing the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\") as its new chief executive saying \"the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.\".[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Navratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001.[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100)\n\nIn September 2025, Nestlé announced [Bulcke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bulcke \"Paul Bulcke\") would leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-101)\n\nIn October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands.[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-102)\n\nOn 18 December 2025, Nestle announced[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-103) the expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cns-media-104) This is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-105)\n\nIn January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential [cereulide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereulide \"Cereulide\") toxin contamination. [Austria's health ministry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs,_Health,_Care_and_Consumer_Protection \"Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection\") described the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history.[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuters-recall-106) By 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America.[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-107)\n\nIn March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to [Centurium Capital](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centurium_Capital \"Centurium Capital\"). At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss.[\\[107\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-108)\n\nCorporate affairs and governance\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e4\/1812_North_Moore.jpg\/250px-1812_North_Moore.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:1812_North_Moore.jpg)\n\nNestlé USA headquarters at [1812 N Moore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1812_N_Moore \"1812 N Moore\") in [Arlington, Virginia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arlington_County,_Virginia \"Arlington County, Virginia\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg\/250px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)\n\nNestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, [Kobe, Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kobe,_Japan \"Kobe, Japan\")\n\nNestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025.[\\[108\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Forbes-109) Nestlé has a primary listing on the [SIX Swiss Exchange](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SIX_Swiss_Exchange \"SIX Swiss Exchange\") and is a constituent of the [Swiss Market Index](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_Market_Index \"Swiss Market Index\"). It previously had a secondary listing on [Euronext](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euronext \"Euronext\").\n\nIn 2025, consolidated sales were [CHF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swiss_franc \"Swiss franc\") 89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03 billion. [Research and development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Research_and_development \"Research and development\") investment was CHF 1.61 billion.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n\n- **Sales per category in CHF**[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n  - 28\\.1% powdered and liquid beverages\n  - 10\\.8% milk products and ice cream\n  - 11\\.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids\n  - 16\\.0% nutrition and health science\n  - 20\\.6% pet care\n  - 9\\.7% confectionery\n  - 3\\.5% water\n- **Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown**[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n  - 48% from Americas\n  - 25% from Europe\n  - 27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa\n\nAccording to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[\\[109\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-110)\n\nFinancial data\n\n|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n| Year | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |\n| [Revenue](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revenue \"Revenue\") | 83\\.642 | 92\\.186 | 92\\.158 | 91\\.612 | 88\\.785 | 89\\.469 | 89\\.791 | 91\\.439 | 92\\.568 | 84\\.343 | 87\\.088 | 94\\.780 | 93\\.351 | 91\\.720 | 89\\.490 |\n| [Net income](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Net_income \"Net income\") | 9\\.487 | 10\\.611 | 10\\.015 | 14\\.456 | 9\\.066 | 8\\.531 | 7\\.183 | 10\\.135 | 12\\.609 | 12\\.232 | 17\\.196 | 9\\.270 | 11\\.209 | 10\\.884 | 9\\.033 |\n| [Assets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asset \"Asset\") | 114\\.091 | 126\\.229 | 120\\.442 | 133\\.450 | 123\\.992 | 131\\.901 | 130\\.380 | 137\\.015 | 127\\.940 | 124\\.028 | 139\\.142 | 135\\.182 | 126\\.550 | 139\\.264 | 127\\.151 |\n| Employees | 328,000 | 339,000 | 333,000 | 339,000 | 335,000 | 328,000 | 323,000 | 308,000 | 291,000 | 273,000 | 276,000 |   | 275,000 | 277,000 | 271\\.000 |\n\nCapital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:[\\[111\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-112)\n\n1. Switzerland (46.6%)\n2. United States (31.2%)\n3. All others (22.2%)\n\nJoint ventures\n\nImportant joint ventures include:\n\n- [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide \"Cereal Partners Worldwide\") with [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\") for cereals (50%\/50%)[\\[112\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-113)\n- [Froneri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Froneri \"Froneri\") with [PAI Partners](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PAI_Partners \"PAI Partners\") for ice cream (50%\/50%)[\\[113\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-114)\n- Nestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe[\\[114\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-115)\n- Nestlé with [Starbucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Starbucks \"Starbucks\") global licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés[\\[115\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-116)\n- *Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais* with [Lactalis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lactalis \"Lactalis\") (40%\/60%)[\\[116\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-117)\n- Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with [Indofood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indofood \"Indofood\") (50%\/50%)[\\[117\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-118)\n- Nestlé Snow with [Snow Brand Milk Products](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snow_Brand_Milk_Products \"Snow Brand Milk Products\") (50%\/50%)[\\[118\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-119)\n- Nestlé Modelo with [Grupo Modelo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grupo_Modelo \"Grupo Modelo\") for distribution of bottled water[\\[119\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-120)\n\nCEO\n\nChief executive officer:[\\[120\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-121)\n\n- 1981-1997 : [Helmut Maucher](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Helmut_Maucher \"Helmut Maucher\");\n- 1997-2008 : [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe \"Peter Brabeck-Letmathe\");\n- 2008-2016 : [Paul Bulcke](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Bulcke \"Paul Bulcke\");\n- 2017-2024 : [Ulf Mark Schneider](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulf_Mark_Schneider \"Ulf Mark Schneider\");\n- 2024-2025 : [Laurent Freixe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laurent_Freixe \"Laurent Freixe\");\n- 2025–present: [Philipp Navratil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Philipp_Navratil \"Philipp Navratil\").\n\nBoard of directors\n\nAs of 2025, the board is composed of:\n\n- [Pablo Isla](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Isla \"Pablo Isla\"), chairman\n- Dick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V.\n- Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO)\n- Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of [Credit Suisse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Credit_Suisse \"Credit Suisse\")\n- [Patrick Aebischer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patrick_Aebischer \"Patrick Aebischer\"), former president of [École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne \"École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne\")\n- Dinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc.\n- Lindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA\n- Luca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc.\n- Chris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc.\n- Rainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation\n- Geraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11)\n\nLobbying\n\nThe company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[\\[121\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-122) In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was \\$1,951,667 each year.[\\[122\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-123)\n\nBrands\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG\/250px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)\n\nSamples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012\n\nNestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[\\[123\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-124)[\\[124\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-125) with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\"), [milkshakes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Milkshake \"Milkshake\") and other [beverages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beverages \"Beverages\"), [breakfast cereals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breakfast_cereal \"Breakfast cereal\"), [infant foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baby_food \"Baby food\"), [performance and healthcare nutrition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_nutrition \"Sports nutrition\"), [seasonings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seasoning \"Seasoning\"), [soups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soup \"Soup\") and [sauces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sauces \"Sauces\"), frozen and refrigerated foods, and [pet food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pet_food \"Pet food\").[\\[125\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2014-126) In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional [plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meat_alternative \"Meat alternative\").[\\[126\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-127)\n\nMusic and entertainment\n\nIn 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of [Walt Disney's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walt_Disney_World \"Walt Disney World\") [EPCOT Center](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epcot \"Epcot\"), including a major refurbishment of [The Land](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Land_\$Epcot\$ \"The Land (Epcot)\") pavilion. [Kraft Foods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Foods \"Kraft Foods\") withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[\\[127\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-128) In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[\\[128\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-129)\n\nOn 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the [Beijing Music Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing_Pop_Festival \"Beijing Pop Festival\") signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[\\[129\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-130)\n\nNestlé has partnered the [Salzburg Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salzburg_Festival \"Salzburg Festival\") in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the [Salzburg Festival](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Salzburg_Festival \"Salzburg Festival\") until 2015.[\\[130\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-131)\n\nTogether, they have created the \"Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award\", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[\\[131\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-132)\n\nSports\n\nNestlé's sponsorship of the [Tour de France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tour_de_France \"Tour de France\") began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, [Nestlé Waters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters \"Nestlé Waters\") and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[\\[132\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-133)\n\nOn 27 January 2012, the [International Association of Athletics Federations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations \"International Association of Athletics Federations\") announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[\\[133\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-134) On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of [doping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doping_in_sport \"Doping in sport\") and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including [Adidas](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adidas \"Adidas\"), also stopped supporting the IAAF.[\\[134\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-135)\n\nIn 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[\\[135\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-136) In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the [Great Britain Lionesses](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_rugby_league_team \"Great Britain women's national rugby league team\") [Women's rugby league](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women%27s_rugby_league \"Women's rugby league\") team for the team's second tour of Australia with its [Munchies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Munchies_\$confectionery\$ \"Munchies (confectionery)\") product.[\\[136\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-137)\n\nNestlé supports the [Australian Institute of Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Institute_of_Sport \"Australian Institute of Sport\") (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[\\[137\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-138)\n\nCorporate initiatives\n\nIn March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[\\[138\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-139)\n\nIn 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.[\\[139\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-140)[\\[140\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-141)\n\nNestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[\\[141\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-142)[\\[142\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-143)\n\nRural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[\\[143\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-144) It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[\\[144\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-145)\n\nAwards\n\n| Year | Brand | Award | Result |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| 2010 | [Nestlé Purina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare \"Nestlé Purina PetCare\") | [Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malcolm_Baldrige_National_Quality_Award \"Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award\") | Won |\n| 2010 | N\/a | [IUoFST](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology \"International Union of Food Science and Technology\") Gold Food Industry Award[\\[145\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-146) | Won |\n| 2011 | N\/a | World Environment Center Gold Medal Award | Won |\n| 2014 | N\/a | Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award | Won |\n\nControversies\n\nThe company has been associated with [various controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\"), facing criticism and [boycotts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boycott \"Boycott\") over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to [breastfeeding](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breastfeeding \"Breastfeeding\") in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use [child labour in cocoa production](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production \"Child labour in cocoa production\"), and its production and promotion of [bottled water](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bottled_water \"Bottled water\").\n\nNestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with\n\n- incidents of contaminated and infested food products,\n- actively spreading disinformation about recycling,\n- illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations,\n- preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries,\n- price fixing,\n- slave labor,\n- child labor,\n- extensive union-busting activity, and\n- deforestation.\n\nBaby formula marketing\n\nConcern about Nestlé's \"aggressive marketing\" of their [breast milk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Breast_milk \"Breast milk\") substitutes, particularly in [less economically developed countries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Developing_country \"Developing country\") (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[\\[146\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-147) Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.[\\[147\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-148) This led to the [1977 Nestlé boycott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott \"1977 Nestlé boycott\") in the United States and Europe.[\\[148\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Moorhead-149)[\\[149\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-150)\n\nSlave labour and child labour\n\nMultiple reports have documented the widespread use of [child labour](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Child_labour \"Child labour\") as well as [slavery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slavery \"Slavery\") and [child trafficking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trafficking_of_children \"Trafficking of children\") by [cocoa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theobroma_cacao \"Theobroma cacao\") suppliers, throughout [West African](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Africa \"West Africa\") plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[\\[150\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Raghavan1-151)[\\[151\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-combating-152)[\\[152\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-153)[\\[153\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-chocolate_slavery-154)[\\[154\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-accuses_companies-155)\n\nEnvironment\n\nClimate change\n\nIn 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing [methane emissions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Methane_emissions \"Methane emissions\") from livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on [greenhouse gas removal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Greenhouse_gas_removal \"Greenhouse gas removal\") rather than source reduction.[\\[155\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-156) Nestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018.[\\[156\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-157)\n\nWater\n\nAt the second [World Water Forum](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Water_Forum \"World Water Forum\") in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the [World Water Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Water_Council \"World Water Council\") to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a \"right\" to a \"need\". Nestlé continues to take control of [aquifers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aquifer \"Aquifer\") and bottle their water for profit.[\\[157\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-158)\n\nA coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the [Advertising Standards of Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Advertising_Standards_Canada \"Advertising Standards Canada\") after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, \"Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled\", \"[Nestlé Pure Life](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life \"Nestlé Pure Life\") is a healthy, eco-friendly choice\", and, \"Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world.\"[\\[158\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cbc-159)[\\[159\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-polaris-160)[\\[160\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuter-161)\\[*[needs update](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\]\n\nAnimal welfare\n\nIn 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the \"[Better Chicken Commitment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Better_Chicken_Commitment \"Better Chicken Commitment\")\", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products.[\\[161\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-162)[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) However, a 2025 review from [Compassion in World Farming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compassion_in_World_Farming \"Compassion in World Farming\") listed that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge.[\\[163\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-164)\n\nIn 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from [cage-free](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cage-free \"Cage-free\") suppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021.[\\[162\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163)\n\nTurkey boycott\n\nIn 2024, the [Grand National Assembly of Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey \"Grand National Assembly of Turkey\") announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel.[\\[164\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-165)\n\nSee also\n\n- [Big Chocolate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Chocolate \"Big Chocolate\")\n- [Controversies of Nestle](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 \"Controversies of Nestlé\")\n- [Farfel the Dog](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Farfel_the_Dog \"Farfel the Dog\")\n- [List of Nestlé brands](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands \"List of Nestlé brands\")\n- [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize \"Nestlé Smarties Book Prize\")\n- [Nestlé Tower](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower \"Nestlé Tower\")\n- [Ultra-processed food](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultra-processed_food \"Ultra-processed food\")\n\n**Competitors**\n\n- [Coca-Cola Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Coca-Cola_Company \"The Coca-Cola Company\")\n- [Danone](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Danone \"Danone\")\n- [Ferrero SpA](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ferrero_SpA \"Ferrero SpA\")\n- [General Mills](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/General_Mills \"General Mills\")\n- [The Hershey Company](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Hershey_Company \"The Hershey Company\")\n- [Highland Spring](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Highland_Spring \"Highland Spring\")\n- [Kellogg's](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kellogg%27s \"Kellogg's\")\n- [Kraft Heinz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kraft_Heinz \"Kraft Heinz\")\n- [Lactalis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lactalis \"Lactalis\")\n- [Mars, Inc.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mars_Inc. \"Mars Inc.\")\n- [Mondelez International](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mondelez_International \"Mondelez International\")\n- [Müller](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%BCller_\$company\$ \"Müller (company)\")\n- [PepsiCo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PepsiCo \"PepsiCo\")\n- [Post Holdings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Post_Holdings \"Post Holdings\")\n- [Unilever](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Unilever \"Unilever\")\n\nExplanatory notes\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-3)** Not to be confused with *Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.*, the group's [intellectual property](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intellectual_property \"Intellectual property\")\\-holding subsidiary\n\nReferences\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-FR2025_1-0)**\n   [\"Financial Statements 2025\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 18 February 2026. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20260303074609\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 3 March 2026.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Management_2-0)**\n   [\"Management\"](http:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/management). Nestlé. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170601032700\/http:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/management) from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"1978 Milky Bar commercial\"](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs). *[YouTube](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/YouTube \"YouTube\")* (published 31 August 2012). 1978. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220507150555\/https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs&gl=US&hl=en) from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-money.cnn.com_5-0)** [\"Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods\"](https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2011\/04\/01\/news\/companies\/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune\/index.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140410191138\/http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2011\/04\/01\/news\/companies\/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune\/index.htm) 10 April 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), CNN Money, 1 April 2011\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-6)** [\"Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier\"](https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2009\/10\/29\/the-unrepentant-chocolatier) , *The Economist*, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-7)**\n   [\"Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world\"](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maggiemcgrath\/2017\/05\/24\/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape\/#6ef7ec6e3a69). *Forbes*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20171026055803\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maggiemcgrath\/2017\/05\/24\/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape\/#6ef7ec6e3a69) from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It\"](http:\/\/fortune.com\/global500\/list\/filtered?searchByName=nestle). *Fortune*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130145530\/http:\/\/fortune.com\/global500\/list\/filtered?searchByName=nestle) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"The Global 2000 2023\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240129031905\/https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). *Forbes*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-10)** [\"Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches\"](https:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/07\/02\/news\/companies\/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune\/index.htm) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111209162213\/http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2010\/07\/02\/news\/companies\/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune\/index.htm) 9 December 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") CNN, 2 July 2010.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-4)\n    [\"Annual Review 2025\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sites\/default\/files\/2026-02\/annual-review-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 2026. Retrieved 28 March 2026.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status \"Category:CS1 maint: url-status\"))\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-12)** [\"Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says\"](https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-04-14\/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140708193833\/http:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/2011-04-14\/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) 8 July 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"). Bloomberg, 14 April 2011\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"The History of Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www.cleverism.com\/the-history-of-nestle\/). *Cleverism*. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180525204658\/https:\/\/www.cleverism.com\/the-history-of-nestle\/) from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-14)**\n    Mowbray, Sean (13 May 2017). [\"A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand\"](https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/switzerland\/articles\/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand\/). *Culture Trip*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804123428\/https:\/\/theculturetrip.com\/europe\/switzerland\/articles\/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand\/) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-15)** ['Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire](http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/report.aspx?compid=102814) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20111121140334\/http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/report.aspx?compid=102814) 21 November 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"): Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"Nestle SA \\| History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries\"](https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Nestle-SA). *Encyclopedia Britannica*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804133805\/https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Nestle-SA) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise \\| House of Switzerland\"](http:\/\/houseofswitzerland.org\/swissstories\/history\/henri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise). *houseofswitzerland.org*. 17 September 2018.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-18)**\n    Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). [\"Milk Chocolate History\"](https:\/\/whatscookingamerica.net\/History\/MilkChocolate.htm). *What's Cooking America*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191212054953\/https:\/\/whatscookingamerica.net\/History\/MilkChocolate.htm) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n18. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-19)**\n    HPatrick (3 January 2016). [\"Swiss Chocolate Brands\"](http:\/\/www.the-soft-drinks.com\/chocolate-switzerland.html). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151016215428\/http:\/\/www.the-soft-drinks.com\/chocolate-switzerland.html) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-20)**\n    [\"About Cailler\"](https:\/\/cailler.ch\/en\/about). *Cailler*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220524210327\/https:\/\/cailler.ch\/en\/about) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. \"1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler.\"\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Chrystal_21-0)**\n    Chrystal, Paul (2021). \"The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century\". [*Rowntree's – The Early History*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ). [Pen and Sword Books](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pen_and_Sword_Books \"Pen and Sword Books\"). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9781526778901](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9781526778901 \"Special:BookSources\/9781526778901\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. \\[...\\] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group.\"\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Industry_22-0)**\n    [*Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ). Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29\\. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. \\[...\\] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production.\"\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-23)**\n    Lacey, Darlene (2013). [*Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\$identifier\$ \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [9780747813651](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780747813651 \"Special:BookSources\/9780747813651\")\n    \n    . [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230828084812\/https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. \"In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this \\[milk chocolate\\] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began.\"\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-24)**\n    [\"History of Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www.englishteastore.com\/nestle-history.html). *www.englishteastore.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804124845\/https:\/\/www.englishteastore.com\/nestle-history.html) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-25)**\n    Blakely, Joe (2003). \"Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon\". *Oregon Historical Quarterly*. **104** (4). Oregon Historical Society: 566–577\\. [doi](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doi_\$identifier\$ \"Doi (identifier)\"):[10\\.1353\/ohq.2003.0004](https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353%2Fohq.2003.0004). [JSTOR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JSTOR_\$identifier\$ \"JSTOR (identifier)\") [20615370](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20615370). [S2CID](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S2CID_\$identifier\$ \"S2CID (identifier)\") [245852881](https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:245852881).\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-26)**\n    [\"1938 - 1944\"](https:\/\/www.nestle-cwa.com\/en\/aboutus\/history\/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.). *nestle-cwa.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230509191143\/https:\/\/www.nestle-cwa.com\/en\/aboutus\/history\/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.) from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023.\n26. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-1)\n    Owles, Eric (27 June 2017). [\"How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/27\/business\/dealbook\/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200926163812\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/06\/27\/business\/dealbook\/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-28)**\n    [\"The Nestlé logo evolution\"](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/history\/logo-evolution). *Nestle.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190225103102\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/aboutus\/history\/logo-evolution) from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.\n28. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-1)\n    [\"Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay\"](https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/management\/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php). *UKEssays.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200804170217\/https:\/\/www.ukessays.com\/essays\/management\/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-30)**\n    Ap (24 June 1988). [\"Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle\"](https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/06\/24\/business\/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISSN_\$identifier\$ \"ISSN (identifier)\") [0362-4331](https:\/\/search.worldcat.org\/issn\/0362-4331). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200303230109\/https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1988\/06\/24\/business\/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html) from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.\n30. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-31)**\n    [\"Swedish keen to fish Findus from plughole\"](http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_hb5245\/is_7401_222\/ai_n28750359\/). BNET. 17 April 1999. Retrieved 13 January 2011.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"A\\&O and CC advise on Nestle Findus sell-off\"](http:\/\/www.thelawyer.com\/ao-and-cc-advise-on-nestle-findus-sell-off\/87641.article). The Lawyer. 25 October 1999. Retrieved 9 February 2013.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-33)**\n    [\"The inside story of the Cadbury takeover\"](https:\/\/www.ft.com\/intl\/cms\/s\/2\/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3PhCW9iAy). *Financial Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/ghostarchive.org\/archive\/20221210221231\/https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0#axzz3PhCW9iAy) from the original on 10 December 2022. 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Retrieved 29 March 2026\n116. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-117)** [\"Nestlé plans chilled dairy improvement with Lactalis venture\"](http:\/\/www.dairyreporter.com\/Markets\/Nestle-plans-chilled-dairy-improvement-with-Lactalis-venture) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120529010528\/http:\/\/www.dairyreporter.com\/Markets\/Nestle-plans-chilled-dairy-improvement-with-Lactalis-venture) 29 May 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\"), *Dairy Reporter*, 16 December 2005.\n117. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-118)**\n     [\"Nestlé, Indofood create culinary product JV\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20121116202447\/http:\/\/www.foodnavigator-asia.com\/Markets\/Nestle-Indofood-create-culinary-product-JV). *FoodNavigator-Asia.com*. 28 February 2005. 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Retrieved 29 March 2026\n120. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-121)**\n     [\"Base de données des élites suisses \\| Nestlé\"](https:\/\/www2.unil.ch\/elitessuisses\/entite.php?id=entite205).\n121. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-122)**\n     [\"South Australian Register of Lobbyists - Etched Communications\"](http:\/\/www.dpc.sa.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0012\/30117\/Etched_Communications_18-December-2017-Change-of-Details.pdf) (PDF). 18 December 2017. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180413064420\/https:\/\/dpc.sa.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0012\/30117\/Etched_Communications_18-December-2017-Change-of-Details.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018.\n122. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-123)**\n     Doering, Christopher (6 December 2021). 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20151016215428\/http:\/\/www.just-drinks.com\/news\/nestle-waters-secures-tour-de-france-tie-up-for-buxton-natural-mineral-water_id114022.aspx) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.\n136. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-137)**\n     [\"UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team\"](https:\/\/www.just-food.com\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx). 18 June 2002. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140228124038\/http:\/\/www.just-food.com\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-rowntree-to-sponsor-womens-rugby-league-team_id70927.aspx) from the original on 28 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.\n137. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-138)**\n     [\"Nestlé and AIS Sports Nutrition\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120517151825\/http:\/\/ausport.gov.au\/ais\/nutrition\/sponsors\/nestle). Australian Government. 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Retrieved 21 April 2015.\n158. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-cbc_159-0)**\n     [\"Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say\"](http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791). *[CBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBC_News \"CBC News\")*. 1 December 2008. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160103032603\/http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.\n159. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-polaris_160-0)**\n     [\"Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141022031038\/http:\/\/www.polarisinstitute.org\/groups_challenge_nestl%C3%A9%E2%80%99s_bottled_water_greenwashing). *[Polaris Institute](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polaris_Institute \"Polaris Institute\")*. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2010.\n     \n     `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown \"Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown\"))\n160. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-reuter_161-0)**\n     Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). [\"Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201). *[Reuters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reuters \"Reuters\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100521060733\/http:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201) from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2010.\n161. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-162)**\n     [\"The Policy - BCC \\[EU\\]\"](https:\/\/betterchickencommitment.com\/eu\/policy\/). *betterchickencommitment.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n162. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-1)\n     [\"Animal Welfare\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250411175354\/https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sustainability\/sustainable-sourcing\/animal-welfare?__cf_chl_rt_tk=hYnfpgij9BjA0pCCM9OnA_QRc0NUqhKkWJ5Gl645uFQ-1744394034-1.0.1.1-x1i1hssKiuEr04VcOAGZVyYNz8H4D2ri6L69CuSU.zQ). *Nestle.com*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/sustainability\/sustainable-sourcing\/animal-welfare) on 11 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n163. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-164)**\n     [\"Animal welfare standards remain a worry as chicken commitments wane\"](https:\/\/www.ingredientsnetwork.com\/animal-welfare-standards-remain-a-worry-as-news126860.html). *www.ingredientsnetwork.com*. Retrieved 11 April 2025.\n164. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-165)**\n     [\"Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support\"](https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/turkish-parliament-removes-brands-menu-over-alleged-israel-support-2023-11-07\/). *Reuters*. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024.\n\nExternal links\n\n[![Wikimedia Commons logo](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg)\n\nWikimedia Commons has media related to [Nestlé](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 \"commons:Category:Nestlé\").\n\n- [Official website](https:\/\/www.nestle.com\/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q160746#P856 \"Edit this at Wikidata\")\n- [Documents and clippings about Nestlé](http:\/\/purl.org\/pressemappe20\/folder\/co\/016834) in the [20th Century Press Archives](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/20th_Century_Press_Archives \"20th Century Press Archives\") of the [ZBW](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_National_Library_of_Economics \"German National Library of Economics\")","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	Nestlé S.A. Headquarters in Vevey , Switzerland Formerly List Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1866–1867) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947) Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977) Company type Public Traded as SIX : NESN ISIN CH0038863350 Industry Food processing Predecessor Hollandia Founded 1866 ; 160 years ago (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch) Founder Henri Nestlé (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch) Headquarters Vevey , Vaud , Switzerland Area served Worldwide Key people Pablo Isla ( chairman ) Philipp Navratil ( CEO ) Dick Boer (vice chairman) Products Baby food coffee dairy products breakfast cereals confectionery bottled water ice cream pet foods dietary supplements protein supplements Brands List of Nestlé brands Revenue CHF 89.49 billion (2025) Operating income CHF 12.28 billion (2025) Net income CHF 9.033 billion (2025) Total assets CHF 127.2 billion (2025) Total equity CHF 32.81 billion (2025) Number of employees 271,000 (2025) Subsidiaries Cereal Partners Worldwide (50%) Website nestle .com Footnotes / references [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Nestlé S.A. [ a ] ( NESS -lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl ; [ 3 ] [ better source needed ] French: [nɛsle] ) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in Vevey , Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It ranked No. 64 on the Fortune Global 500 in 2017. [ 7 ] In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the Forbes Global 2000 . [ 8 ] Nestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, infant formula and baby food , dairy products and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, pet foods , and medical food . Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion CHF (about US$ 1.1 billion ), [ 9 ] including Nespresso , Nescafé , Nestea , Kit Kat , Smarties , Nesquik , Stouffer Corporation , Vittel , and Maggi . As of 2025 , Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people. [ 10 ] It is one of the main shareholders of L'Oreal , the world's largest cosmetics company. [ 11 ] Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company , which was established in 1866 by brothers George Ham Page and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by Henri Nestlé . [ 12 ] The company grew significantly during World War I and again following World War II , expanding its offerings beyond its early condensed milk and infant formula products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including Findus in 1963, Libby's in 1971, Rowntree Mackintosh in 1988, Klim in 1998, and Gerber in 2007. Nestlé has faced longstanding criticism over its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked a boycott in the 1970s for discouraging breastfeeding . It has also been accused of benefiting from child labor , forced labor , and deforestation in West African cocoa production, fined for price-fixing cartels and criticized for its water extraction practices. History 1866–1900: Founding and early years Henri Nestlé (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of condensed milk . Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout Europe and the United States . [ 13 ] Timeline 1866: Charles Page ( US consul to Switzerland ) and George Ham Page , brothers from Lee County, Illinois , established the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Cham , Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at Chippenham , Wiltshire in 1873. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, Henri Nestlé developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, Daniel Peter began seven years of work perfecting the milk chocolate manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew. 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé . [ citation needed ] [ 16 ] 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added condensed milk to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals. 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter. [ 17 ] 1890: Henri Nestlé died. 1901–1989: Mergers In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the chocolate industry in Switzerland , together with the Peter , Kohler , and Cailler families. [ 18 ] In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of Charles-Amédée Kohler who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis . In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler. [ 19 ] Alexandre Cailler (grandson of François-Louis Cailler ) had founded a chocolate factory in Broc in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the Fulton plant. [ 22 ] In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits Maggi SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain. [ 23 ] The First World War created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled. [ citation needed ] Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918 In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in Oregon from the company Geibisch and Joplin for $250,000. One was in Bandon , while the other was in Milwaukie . They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant. [ 24 ] Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s After the World War I , government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; white chocolate was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by Édouard Muller till his death in 1948. Nestlé felt the effects of the Second World War immediately. Profits dropped from US$20 million in 1938 to US$6 million in 1939. [ 25 ] Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America. [ 26 ] Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, Nescafé ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy. [ 26 ] The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966 [ 27 ] The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with Maggi , a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. Crosse & Blackwell followed in 1960, as did Findus (1963), Libby's (1971), and Stouffer's (1973). [ 28 ] Diversification came under chairman & CEO Pierre Liotard-Vogt with a shareholding in L'Oreal in 1974 and the acquisition of Alcon Laboratories Inc. in 1977 for $280 million. [ 28 ] In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. Carnation was acquired for US$3 billion in 1984 and brought the evaporated milk brand, as well as Coffee-Mate and Friskies , to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded Nestlé Nespresso S.A. The British confectionery company Rowntree Mackintosh was acquired in 1988 for $4.5 billion, which brought brands such as Kit Kat , Rolo , Smarties , and Aero . [ 29 ] 1990–2011: International growth The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included San Pellegrino (1997), D'Onofrio (1997), and Spillers Petfoods (1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm EQT AB . [ 30 ] [ 31 ] In the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included Ralston Purina (2002), Dreyer's ice cream, and a US$ 2.6 billion acquisition of Chef America , the creator of Hot Pockets . In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company Hershey's , one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through. [ 32 ] In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million. [ 33 ] In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share. [ 34 ] In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company Jenny Craig for US$600 million . [ 35 ] In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as Ovaltine , the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products. [ 36 ] The Brazilian president, Lula da Silva , inaugurates a factory in Feira de Santana ( Bahia ), in February 2007. In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer Gerber for US$5.5 billion . [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, Pierre Marcolini . [ 40 ] In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found melamine in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised. [ 41 ] [ 42 ] The following June, an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated cookie dough originating in a plant in Danville , Virginia. [ 43 ] Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in Alcon to Novartis on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US$39.3 billion offer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company. [ 44 ] On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of Kraft Foods 's North American frozen pizza business for US$3.7 billion , which included brands such as DiGiorno , Tombstone , and California Pizza Kitchen . [ 45 ] [ 46 ] Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a nutrition , health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace pharmaceutical drugs from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases. [ 47 ] It acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with genetic disorders , in August 2010. [ 48 ] In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US$1.7 billion . [ 49 ] On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire Pfizer Inc. 's infant-nutrition , formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US$11.9 billion , topping a joint bid from Danone and Mead Johnson. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] [ 52 ] 2012–present In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops kiwifruit -based food products as of 2012. [ 53 ] Nestlé sold its Jenny Craig business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013. [ 54 ] In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss. [ 55 ] In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc. [ 56 ] Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel. [ 57 ] In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about $350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as Intel and Bank of America . [ 58 ] In May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of Uttar Pradesh , India, found that samples of Nestlé India 's Maggi noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to monosodium glutamate . [ 59 ] [ 60 ] [ 61 ] In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from Glendale, California , to Rosslyn, Virginia , outside of Washington, DC . [ 62 ] In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in Kit Kat , Yorkie and Aero chocolate bars by 10% by 2018. [ 63 ] In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK. [ 64 ] The company announced a $20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by Third Point Management founder Daniel S. Loeb , Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a $3.5 billion stake, [ 65 ] explaining how the firm should change its business structure. [ 66 ] Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry. [ 66 ] In 2016, Nestlé and PAI Partners establish a joint venture, Froneri , to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries. [ 67 ] In March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the Beverage Partners Worldwide venture effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand Nestea on its own. [ 68 ] In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of infant formula in Spain, containing two human milk oligosaccharides . [ 69 ] Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula. In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of Blue Bottle Coffee . [ 70 ] While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to $500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle". [ 71 ] In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum. [ 72 ] Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board. [ 73 ] [ 74 ] In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the 100 Grand , BabyRuth , Butterfinger , OhHenry! , Raisinets and SnoCaps to Ferrara Candy Company , an American-based chocolate and candy maker and Ferrero -related company. [ 75 ] The company was sold for a total of an estimated $2.8 billion. [ 75 ] In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and Starbucks struck a $7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies. [ 76 ] In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for $1.55 billion. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with SAP & EnterpriseAlumni , to engage with their over 1 million alumni globally. [ 79 ] In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label. [ 80 ] In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by Froneri . [ 81 ] Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers. [ 82 ] On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and Metropoulos & Co . The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands. [ 83 ] [ 84 ] In early April 2021, the sale was concluded. [ 85 ] The COVID-19 pandemic did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years. [ 86 ] In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing Bountiful Company , formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for $5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's [ which? ] growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride. [ 87 ] [ 88 ] [ 89 ] In July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio. [ 90 ] In January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school. [ 91 ] In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the Brazilian organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida. [ 92 ] In May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the 2022 United States infant formula shortage . These relief shipments included products from the Gerber baby food formula brand from the Netherlands and Alfamino baby formula from Switzerland . [ 93 ] In September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the Extrema, Minas Gerais -headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount. [ 94 ] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's National Agency on Corruption Prevention listed Nestlé as an International Sponsor of War . Nestle stated that it had already "halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia". [ 95 ] In February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in India and increasing investments — the company will invest between ₹ 60-65 billion ($723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025. [ 96 ] Nestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by Laurent Freixe on September 1, 2024. [ 97 ] In May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India. [ 98 ] In September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee. [ 99 ] The company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline. [ 99 ] That investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm. [ 99 ] After the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct. [ 99 ] Freixe did not receive any remuneration on exit. [ 99 ] Following the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed Philipp Navratil as its new chief executive saying "the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.". [ 99 ] Navratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001. [ 99 ] In September 2025, Nestlé announced Bulcke would leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition. [ 100 ] In October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands. [ 101 ] On 18 December 2025, Nestle announced [ 102 ] the expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers. [ 103 ] This is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception. [ 104 ] In January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential cereulide toxin contamination. Austria's health ministry described the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history. [ 105 ] By 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. [ 106 ] In March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to Centurium Capital . At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss. [ 107 ] Corporate affairs and governance Nestlé USA headquarters at 1812 N Moore in Arlington, Virginia Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, Kobe, Japan Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025. [ 108 ] Nestlé has a primary listing on the SIX Swiss Exchange and is a constituent of the Swiss Market Index . It previously had a secondary listing on Euronext . In 2025, consolidated sales were CHF 89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03 billion. Research and development investment was CHF 1.61 billion. [ 10 ] Sales per category in CHF [ 10 ] 28.1% powdered and liquid beverages 10.8% milk products and ice cream 11.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids 16.0% nutrition and health science 20.6% pet care 9.7% confectionery 3.5% water Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown [ 10 ] 48% from Americas 25% from Europe 27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100. [ 109 ] Financial data Financial data in billions of CHF [ 110 ] Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Revenue 83.642 92.186 92.158 91.612 88.785 89.469 89.791 91.439 92.568 84.343 87.088 94.780 93.351 91.720 89.490 Net income 9.487 10.611 10.015 14.456 9.066 8.531 7.183 10.135 12.609 12.232 17.196 9.270 11.209 10.884 9.033 Assets 114.091 126.229 120.442 133.450 123.992 131.901 130.380 137.015 127.940 124.028 139.142 135.182 126.550 139.264 127.151 Employees 328,000 339,000 333,000 339,000 335,000 328,000 323,000 308,000 291,000 273,000 276,000 275,000 277,000 271.000 Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023: [ 111 ] Switzerland (46.6%) United States (31.2%) All others (22.2%) Joint ventures Important joint ventures include: Cereal Partners Worldwide with General Mills for cereals (50%/50%) [ 112 ] Froneri with PAI Partners for ice cream (50%/50%) [ 113 ] Nestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe [ 114 ] Nestlé with Starbucks global licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés [ 115 ] Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais with Lactalis (40%/60%) [ 116 ] Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with Indofood (50%/50%) [ 117 ] Nestlé Snow with Snow Brand Milk Products (50%/50%) [ 118 ] Nestlé Modelo with Grupo Modelo for distribution of bottled water [ 119 ] CEO Chief executive officer: [ 120 ] 1981-1997 : Helmut Maucher ; 1997-2008 : Peter Brabeck-Letmathe ; 2008-2016 : Paul Bulcke ; 2017-2024 : Ulf Mark Schneider ; 2024-2025 : Laurent Freixe ; 2025–present: Philipp Navratil . Board of directors As of 2025, the board is composed of: Pablo Isla , chairman Dick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V. Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of Credit Suisse Patrick Aebischer , former president of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Dinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc. Lindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA Luca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc. Chris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc. Rainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation Geraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich [ 10 ] Lobbying The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications. [ 121 ] In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was $1,951,667 each year. [ 122 ] Brands Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012 Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands [ 123 ] [ 124 ] with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, bottled water , milkshakes and other beverages , breakfast cereals , infant foods , performance and healthcare nutrition , seasonings , soups and sauces , frozen and refrigerated foods, and pet food . [ 125 ] In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages . [ 126 ] Music and entertainment In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of Walt Disney's EPCOT Center , including a major refurbishment of The Land pavilion. Kraft Foods withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993. [ 127 ] In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009. [ 128 ] On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the Beijing Music Festival signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013. [ 129 ] Nestlé has partnered the Salzburg Festival in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the Salzburg Festival until 2015. [ 130 ] Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers. [ 131 ] Sports Nestlé's sponsorship of the Tour de France began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, Nestlé Waters and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore. [ 132 ] On 27 January 2012, the International Association of Athletics Federations announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012. [ 133 ] On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of doping and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including Adidas , also stopped supporting the IAAF. [ 134 ] In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand. [ 135 ] In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the Great Britain Lionesses Women's rugby league team for the team's second tour of Australia with its Munchies product. [ 136 ] Nestlé supports the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain. [ 137 ] Corporate initiatives In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full. [ 138 ] In 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype. [ 139 ] [ 140 ] Nestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities. [ 143 ] It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions. [ 144 ] Awards Year Brand Award Result 2010 Nestlé Purina Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Won 2010 N/a IUoFST Gold Food Industry Award [ 145 ] Won 2011 N/a World Environment Center Gold Medal Award Won 2014 N/a Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award Won Controversies The company has been associated with various controversies , facing criticism and boycotts over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to breastfeeding in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use child labour in cocoa production , and its production and promotion of bottled water . Nestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with incidents of contaminated and infested food products, actively spreading disinformation about recycling, illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations, preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries, price fixing, slave labor, child labor, extensive union-busting activity, and deforestation. Baby formula marketing Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their breast milk substitutes, particularly in less economically developed countries (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s. [ 146 ] Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding. [ 147 ] This led to the 1977 Nestlé boycott in the United States and Europe. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] Slave labour and child labour Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of child labour as well as slavery and child trafficking by cocoa suppliers, throughout West African plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely. [ 150 ] [ 151 ] [ 152 ] [ 153 ] [ 154 ] Environment Climate change In 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing methane emissions from livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on greenhouse gas removal rather than source reduction. [ 155 ] Nestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018. [ 156 ] Water At the second World Water Forum in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the World Water Council to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of aquifers and bottle their water for profit. [ 157 ] A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the Advertising Standards of Canada after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", " Nestlé Pure Life is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world." [ 158 ] [ 159 ] [ 160 ] [ needs update ] Animal welfare In 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the " Better Chicken Commitment ", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] However, a 2025 review from Compassion in World Farming listed that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge. [ 163 ] In 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from cage-free suppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021. [ 162 ] Turkey boycott In 2024, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel. [ 164 ] See also Big Chocolate Controversies of Nestle Farfel the Dog List of Nestlé brands Nestlé Smarties Book Prize Nestlé Tower Ultra-processed food Competitors Coca-Cola Company Danone Ferrero SpA General Mills The Hershey Company Highland Spring Kellogg's Kraft Heinz Lactalis Mars, Inc. Mondelez International Müller PepsiCo Post Holdings Unilever Explanatory notes ^ Not to be confused with Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. , the group's intellectual property -holding subsidiary References ^ "Financial Statements 2025" (PDF) . Nestlé. 18 February 2026. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2026 . Retrieved 3 March 2026 . ^ "Management" . Nestlé. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017 . Retrieved 29 May 2017 . ^ "1978 Milky Bar commercial" . YouTube (published 31 August 2012). 1978. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022 . Retrieved 7 May 2022 . ^ "Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods" Archived 10 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine , CNN Money, 1 April 2011 ^ "Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier" , The Economist , 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012 ^ "Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world" . Forbes . Archived from the original on 26 October 2017 . 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Retrieved 10 May 2022 . 1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler. ^ Chrystal, Paul (2021). "The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century". Rowntree's – The Early History . Pen and Sword Books . ISBN 9781526778901 . Archived from the original on 28 August 2023 . Retrieved 18 May 2022 . In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. [...] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group. ^ Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6 . Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28– 29. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023 . Retrieved 18 May 2022 . The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. [...] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. 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Retrieved 18 February 2021 . ^ "Archeological Find Unearthed in Kitchener" . 2 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021 . Retrieved 2 April 2021 . The 4.3 billion U.S. dollar sale of Nestle Waters North America to One Rock Capital Partners LLC was announced in February and the sale closed on Wednesday ^ "Coffee, dairy help Nestle post strongest quarter in a decade" . Reuters . 22 April 2021. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021 . Retrieved 22 April 2021 . ^ Kostov, Nick (30 April 2021). "Nestlé Expands in Vitamins With $5.75 Billion Nature's Bounty Deal" . The Wall Street Journal . ISSN 0099-9660 . Archived from the original on 30 April 2021 . Retrieved 30 April 2021 . ^ "Nestle buys vitamin maker Bountiful's main brands for $5.75 billion" . CNBC . 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021 . Retrieved 30 April 2021 . ^ "Nestle to Buy Vitamin Brands From KKR for $5.75 Billion" . Bloomberg.com . 30 April 2021 . 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SWI swissinfo . 2 November 2023. ^ "Nestle investing Rs 6,000-6,500 cr to expand manufacturing ops in India, says top official" . The Economic Times . 8 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024 . Retrieved 26 February 2024 . ^ Agnew, Harriet; Speed, Madeleine (23 August 2024). "Nestlé chief executive Mark Schneider to step down" . www.ft.com . Retrieved 23 August 2024 . ^ "Nestle SA acquires minority stake in Drools Pet Food" . ETRetail.com . Retrieved 8 June 2025 . ^ a b c d e f g Miller, Robert (2 September 2025). "Nestlé CEO loses job after 'romantic relationship' with staff member" . www.thetimes.com . Retrieved 2 September 2025 . ^ swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (17 September 2025). "Nestlé Chairman Paul Bulcke steps down earlier than planned" . SWI swissinfo.ch . Retrieved 17 September 2025 . ^ Patrick, Aimee Look and Margot (16 October 2025). "Nestlé Plan to Slash 16,000 Jobs Sparks Share Jump" . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 16 October 2025 . ^ "Nestlé to expand its maternal health offering to support motherhood" . Nestlé Global . 17 July 2024 . Retrieved 29 December 2025 . ^ Media, Cns (19 December 2025). "Nestlé expands Materna supplement line to support pregnancy and postpartum health" . https://www.nutritioninsight.com . Retrieved 29 December 2025 . ^ "Nestlé to expand its maternal health offering to support motherhood" . DairyNews . Retrieved 29 December 2025 . ^ Marrow, Alexander; Hirt, Oliver (6 January 2026). "Nestle recalls infant formula batches in 25 countries over toxin risk" . Reuters . Retrieved 9 January 2026 . ^ Gomez, Julia (9 January 2026). "Nestlé recalls infant formula in 49 countries" . USA Today . Retrieved 11 January 2026 . ^ "Centurium Capital Acquires Loss - Making Blue Bottle Coffee: Exclusive" . eu.36kr.com . Retrieved 6 March 2026 . ^ Forbes list of world's top companies Archived 3 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 20 May 2015. ^ "The Global RepTrak 100: The World's Most Reputable Companies (2015)" (PDF) . Reputation Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 5 January 2016 . ^ "Nestle Bilanz, Gewinn und Umsatz \| Nestle Geschäftsbericht \| A0Q4DC" . wallstreet-online.de . Archived from the original on 5 November 2018 . Retrieved 5 November 2018 . ^ Nestle. Nestle annual review 2023 (PDF) (Report). Nestle. p. 57 . Retrieved 13 May 2024 . ^ "General Mills: Joint ventures" . Archived from the original on 15 December 2014 . Retrieved 25 August 2015 . ^ Nestlé and R&R to create Froneri, an ice cream and frozen food joint venture Press release, Nestlé, 27 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2026 ^ Nestlé and PAI to create joint venture for frozen pizza in Europe Press release, Nestlé, 21 April 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2026 ^ Nestlé and Starbucks close deal for the perpetual global license of Starbucks Consumer Packaged Goods and Foodservice products Press Release, Nestlé, 28 August 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2026 ^ "Nestlé plans chilled dairy improvement with Lactalis venture" Archived 29 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Dairy Reporter , 16 December 2005. ^ "Nestlé, Indofood create culinary product JV" . FoodNavigator-Asia.com . 28 February 2005. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012 . Retrieved 18 May 2012 . ^ "Snow Brand times thawing with Nestlé joint venture" Archived 24 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine , Food Navigator , 24 January 2001. ^ Nestlé Waters and Grupo Modelo in Mexican bottled water alliance Press Release, Nestlé, 29 November 2006. Retrieved 29 March 2026 ^ "Base de données des élites suisses \| Nestlé" . ^ "South Australian Register of Lobbyists - Etched Communications" (PDF) . 18 December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018. ^ Doering, Christopher (6 December 2021). "Where the dollars go: Lobbying a big business for large food and beverage CPGs" . fooddive.com. Food Dive. Archived from the original on 19 March 2022 . Retrieved 21 March 2022 . ^ Smith, Aaron. "Nestle selling U.S. candy brands to Nutella company" . CNNMoney . Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . ^ "From Milkmaids to Multinational Markets: Nestlé's Branding Story" . www.wipo.int . Archived from the original on 18 June 2018 . Retrieved 18 June 2018 . ^ "Annual Results 2014" (PDF) . Nestlé. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 March 2015 . Retrieved 25 March 2015 . ^ Hanna Ziady (17 January 2020). "The world's biggest food company is now making vegan sausages" . CNN . Archived from the original on 18 January 2020 . Retrieved 19 January 2020 . ^ Pendleton, Jennifer (23 November 1993) Rich deal for Disney, Nestlé" , Variety ^ "The Land" . Archived from the original on 12 February 2017 . Retrieved 1 February 2017 . ^ "Nestlé continues sponsorship of the Beijing Music Festival" Archived 16 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine , China.org, 6 August 2010 ^ "Nestlé extends Salzburg Festival partnership until 2015" Archived 8 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine , Nestlé, 5 October 2011 ^ "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award 2015" . Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 30 December 2018 . ^ "Nestlé confirms sponsorship renewal of Tour de France" . FoodBev . 16 July 2009. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 . Retrieved 5 January 2016 . ^ "IAAF, Nestlé becomes main sponsor of worldwide IAAF Kids' Athletics" Archived 16 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine , 27 January 2012 ^ Reinsch, Michael (10 February 2016). Leichtathletik-Weltverband „toxisch“ Archived 16 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Sport. Retrieved 11 February 2016. ^ "UK: Nestle Waters secures Tour de France tie-up for Buxton Natural Mineral Water" . 19 June 2014. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015 . Retrieved 31 August 2015 . ^ "UK: Nestlé Rowntree to sponsor Women's Rugby League team" . 18 June 2002. Archived from the original on 28 February 2014 . Retrieved 24 February 2014 . ^ "Nestlé and AIS Sports Nutrition" . Australian Government. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. ^ "Providing Context to the 2012 Nestlé FTSE4Good BMS Verification" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2015 . Retrieved 22 September 2015 . ^ Mathe, Agnes (24 June 2021). "Global Consumer Brands Unveil World's First Enzymatically Recycled Bottles" . Carbios . ^ "Why PepsiCo, L'Oreal and Nestle are banking on this French plastics recycling startup" . greenbiz.com . 7 May 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020 . Retrieved 21 January 2020 . ^ "Global Shared Value Prize on Offer" . Archived from the original on 9 October 2015 . Retrieved 15 September 2015 . ^ "Entries open for CHF 500k Nestlé Creating Shared Value Prize" . UK Fundraising . 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 . Retrieved 5 January 2016 . ^ "Women's Rights: Nestlé on female cocoa farmers" . ConfectioneryNews.com. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015 . Retrieved 15 September 2015 . ^ "How the Global Food Sector Can Solve Our Food Security Crisis" . Archived from the original on 26 August 2016 . Retrieved 1 February 2017 . ^ "Nestlé wins global food industry award" . CSR Europe . 24 August 2010. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. ^ "Nestle to respond to baby milk criticism in coming days" . Reuters . 2 February 2018. Archived from the original on 24 August 2019 . Retrieved 24 August 2019 . ^ Plüss, Jessica (10 January 2020). "Nestlé struggles to win over baby formula critics" . Swissinfo . Archived from the original on 30 May 2022 . Retrieved 29 May 2023 . ^ Moorhead, Joanna (15 May 2007). "Milking it" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 28 August 2019 . Retrieved 23 August 2019 . ^ Han, Soul (30 September 2021). "International groups boycott Nestle products to end indiscriminate advertising, 1977-1984" . The Commons Social Change Library . Archived from the original on 10 November 2022 . Retrieved 10 November 2022 . ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan; Chatterjee, Sumana (24 June 2001). "Slaves feed world's taste for chocolate: Captives common in cocoa farms of Africa" . Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . Archived from the original on 17 September 2006 . Retrieved 25 April 2012 . ^ "Combating Child Labour in Cocoa Growing" (PDF) . International Labour Organization . 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 June 2012 . Retrieved 26 April 2012 . ^ Wolfe, David; Shazzie (2005). Naked Chocolate: The Astonishing Truth about the World's Greatest Food . North Atlantic Books. p. 98. ISBN 1556437315 . Archived from the original on 28 August 2023 . Retrieved 15 December 2011 . ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (12 April 2001). "Mali's children in chocolate slavery" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 26 December 2008 . Retrieved 2 January 2010 . ^ Hawksley, Humphrey (4 May 2001). "Ivory Coast accuses chocolate companies" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 14 January 2009 . Retrieved 4 August 2010 . ^ Sherrington, Rachel; Healy, Hazel (3 June 2025). "Food Giants' Climate Plans Lack Credibility, New Report Finds" . DeSmog . Retrieved 3 December 2025 . ^ Watson, Elaine (5 June 2025). "Danone and Nestlé hit back after new report accuses Big Food of 'corporate greenwashing.' " . AgFunderNews . Retrieved 3 December 2025 . ^ Muir, Paul (28 November 2013). "The human rights and wrongs of Nestlé and water for all" . The National . Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017 . Retrieved 21 April 2015 . ^ "Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say" . CBC News . 1 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016 . Retrieved 4 January 2016 . ^ "Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing" . Polaris Institute . Archived from the original on 22 October 2014 . Retrieved 30 November 2010 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( link ) ^ Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). "Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups" . Reuters . Archived from the original on 21 May 2010 . Retrieved 30 November 2010 . ^ "The Policy - BCC [EU]" . betterchickencommitment.com . Retrieved 11 April 2025 . ^ a b "Animal Welfare" . Nestle.com . Archived from the original on 11 April 2025 . Retrieved 11 April 2025 . ^ "Animal welfare standards remain a worry as chicken commitments wane" . www.ingredientsnetwork.com . Retrieved 11 April 2025 . ^ "Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support" . Reuters . 7 November 2023 . Retrieved 2 August 2024 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nestlé . Official website Documents and clippings about Nestlé in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") Personal tools - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nestl%C3%A9 "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9) - [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#History) Toggle History subsection - [1\.1 1866–1900: Founding and early years](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#1866%E2%80%931900:_Founding_and_early_years) - [1\.1.1 Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Timeline) - [1\.2 1901–1989: Mergers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#1901%E2%80%931989:_Mergers) - [1\.3 1990–2011: International growth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#1990%E2%80%932011:_International_growth) - [1\.4 2012–present](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#2012%E2%80%93present) - [2 Corporate affairs and governance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Corporate_affairs_and_governance) Toggle Corporate affairs and governance subsection - [2\.1 Financial data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Financial_data) - [2\.2 Joint ventures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Joint_ventures) - [2\.3 CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#CEO) - [2\.4 Board of directors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Board_of_directors) - [2\.5 Lobbying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Lobbying) - [3 Brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Brands) - [4 Sponsorships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Sponsorships) Toggle Sponsorships subsection - [4\.1 Music and entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Music_and_entertainment) - [4\.2 Sports](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Sports) - [5 Corporate initiatives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Corporate_initiatives) - [6 Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Awards) - [7 Controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Controversies) Toggle Controversies subsection - [7\.1 Baby formula marketing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Baby_formula_marketing) - [7\.2 Slave labour and child labour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Slave_labour_and_child_labour) - [7\.3 Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Environment) - [7\.3.1 Climate change](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Climate_change) - [7\.3.2 Water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Water) - [7\.4 Animal welfare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Animal_welfare) - [7\.5 Turkey boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Turkey_boycott) - [8 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#See_also) - [9 Explanatory notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#Explanatory_notes) - [10 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#References) - [11 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Nestlé 88 languages - [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Afrikaans") - [Alemannisch](https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Alemannic") - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 "نستله – Arabic") - [الدارجة](https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%8A "نيستلي – Moroccan Arabic") - [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 "نستله – Egyptian Arabic") - [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Asturian") - [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle "Nestle – Azerbaijani") - [تۆرکجه](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 "نستله – South Azerbaijani") - [Bikol Central](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Central Bikol") - [Беларуская (тарашкевіца)](https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)") - [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Belarusian") - [Betawi](https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9sl%C3%A9 "Néslé – Betawi") - [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B5 "Нестле – Bulgarian") - [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87 "নেসলে – Bangla") - [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Catalan") - [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Cebuano") - [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%DB%95 "نێستلە – Central Kurdish") - [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Czech") - [Чӑвашла](https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle "Nestle – Chuvash") - [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Danish") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – German") - [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Greek") - [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Esperanto") - [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Spanish") - [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Estonian") - [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Basque") - [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%87 "نستله – Persian") - [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Finnish") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – French") - [Arpetan](https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Arpitan") - [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Irish") - [Galego](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Galician") - [Hausa](https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Hausa") - [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%94 "נסטלה – Hebrew") - [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 "नेस्ले – Hindi") - [Hrvatski](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Croatian") - [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Hungarian") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AC%D5%A5 "Նեստլե – Armenian") - [Արեւմտահայերէն](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Western Armenian") - [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Indonesian") - [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Icelandic") - [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Italian") - [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AC "ネスレ – Japanese") - [Jawa](https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Javanese") - [ქართული](https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Georgian") - [Қазақша](https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Kazakh") - [ಕನ್ನಡ](https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86 "ನೆಸ್ಲೆ – Kannada") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%8A%AC%EB%A0%88 "네슬레 – Korean") - [Latina](https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Latin") - [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Lithuanian") - [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Latvian") - [Malagasy](https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Malagasy") - [Македонски](https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle "Nestle – Macedonian") - [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86 "നെസ്ലെ – Malayalam") - [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87 "नेस्ले – Marathi") - [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Malay") - [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Dutch") - [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Norwegian Nynorsk") - [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Norwegian Bokmål") - [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87 "ਨੇਸਲੇ – Punjabi") - [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Polish") - [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92 "نیسلے – Western Punjabi") - [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Portuguese") - [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Romanian") - [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Russian") - [Саха тыла](https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Yakut") - [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Scots") - [Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски](https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Serbo-Croatian") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Simple English") - [Slovenčina](https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Slovak") - [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Albanian") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Serbian") - [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Swedish") - [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87 "நெஸ்லே – Tamil") - [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88 "เนสท์เล่ – Thai") - [Tagalog](https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Tagalog") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Turkish") - [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Ukrainian") - [اردو](https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%92 "نیسلے – Urdu") - [Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча](https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle "Nestle – Uzbek") - [Vèneto](https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A8 "Nestlè – Venetian") - [Tiếng Việt](https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Vietnamese") - [Winaray](https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Waray") - [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8 "雀巢公司 – Wu") - [Yorùbá](https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Yoruba") - [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "Nestlé – Minnan") - [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8 "雀巢公司 – Cantonese") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E5%B7%A2 "雀巢 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160746#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9 "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nestl%C3%A9 "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9) - 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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Swiss multinational food and drink company "Nestle" redirects here. For other uses, see [Nestle (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestle_$disambiguation$ "Nestle (disambiguation)"). \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Nestl%C3%A9.svg/250px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9.svg) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg/330px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)Headquarters in [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), Switzerland \| \| \| Formerly \| List [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company") (1866–1867) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947) Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977) \| \| Company type \| [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") \| \| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") \| [SIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange "SIX Swiss Exchange"): [NESN](https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/the-swiss-stock-exchange/market-data/news-tools/product-search.html?security=NESN) \| \| [ISIN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number "International Securities Identification Number") \| [CH0038863350](https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=CH0038863350) \| \| Industry \| [Food processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing "Food processing") \| \| Predecessor \| Hollandia [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746?uselang=en#P155 "Edit this on Wikidata") \| \| Founded \| 1866; 160 years ago (1866) (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch) \| \| Founder \| [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch) \| \| Headquarters \| [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), [Vaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud "Canton of Vaud"), Switzerland \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Key people \| [Pablo Isla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Isla "Pablo Isla") ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman")) [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil") ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) [Dick Boer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Boer "Dick Boer") (vice chairman) \| \| Products \| [Baby food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food") [coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee "Coffee") [dairy products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_products "Dairy products") [breakfast cereals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereals "Breakfast cereals") [confectionery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectionery "Confectionery") [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water") [ice cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream "Ice cream") [pet foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_foods "Pet foods") [dietary supplements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_supplement "Dietary supplement") [protein supplements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_supplement "Protein supplement") \| \| Brands \| [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") \| \| Revenue \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") 89.49 billion (2025) \| \| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 12.28 billion (2025) \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 9.033 billion (2025) \| \| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 127.2 billion (2025) \| \| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_$finance$ "Equity (finance)") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 32.81 billion (2025) \| \| Number of employees \| 271,000 (2025) \| \| [Subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary "Subsidiary") \| [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide "Cereal Partners Worldwide") (50%) \| \| Website \| [nestle.com](http://nestle.com/) \| \| Footnotes / references [\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-FR2025-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Management-2) \| \| Nestlé S.A.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-3) ([/ˈnɛsleɪ, \-li, \-əl/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English "Help:IPA/English") [NESS\-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key");[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-4)\[[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")\] French: [\[nɛsle\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French "Help:IPA/French")) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-money.cnn.com-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-7) It ranked No. 64 on the [Fortune Global 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_Global_500 "Fortune Global 500") in 2017.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-8) In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the [Forbes Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-9) Nestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") and [baby food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), [dairy products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product "Dairy product") and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, [pet foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_food "Pet food"), and [medical food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_food "Medical food"). Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") (about [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")1\.1 billion),[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-10) including [Nespresso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespresso "Nespresso"), [Nescafé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9 "Nescafé"), [Nestea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea "Nestea"), [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties"), [Nesquik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesquik "Nesquik"), [Stouffer Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffer_Corporation "Stouffer Corporation"), [Vittel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittel_$water$ "Vittel (water)"), and [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi"). As of 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nestl%C3%A9&action=edit), Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) It is one of the main shareholders of [L'Oreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al "L'Oréal"), the world's largest cosmetics company.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-12) Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company"), which was established in 1866 by brothers [George Ham Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ham_Page "George Ham Page") and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé").[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-13) The company grew significantly during [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") and again following [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), expanding its offerings beyond its early [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk") and [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including [Findus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findus "Findus") in 1963, [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") in 1971, [Rowntree Mackintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery "Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery") in 1988, [Klim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klim_$powdered_milk$ "Klim (powdered milk)") in 1998, and [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") in 2007. Nestlé has faced [longstanding criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") over its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked [a boycott in the 1970s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "1977 Nestlé boycott") for discouraging [breastfeeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding "Breastfeeding"). It has also been accused of benefiting from [child labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production "Child labour in cocoa production"), [forced labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_labor "Forced labor"), and [deforestation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation "Deforestation") in West African cocoa production, fined for [price-fixing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price-fixing "Price-fixing") cartels and criticized for its [water extraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_extraction "Water extraction") practices. ## History ### 1866–1900: Founding and early years [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Henry_Nestle.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Nestle.jpg) [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk"). Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe "Europe") and the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-14) #### Timeline - 1866: Charles Page ([US consul to Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Diplomatic_relations "Switzerland–United States relations")) and [George Ham Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ham_Page "George Ham Page"), brothers from [Lee County, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County,_Illinois "Lee County, Illinois"), established the [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company") in [Cham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland "Cham, Switzerland"), Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at [Chippenham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippenham "Chippenham"), Wiltshire in 1873.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-16) - 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, [Daniel Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Peter "Daniel Peter") began seven years of work perfecting the [milk chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_chocolate "Types of chocolate") manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew. - 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\][\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-17) - 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk") to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals. - 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-18) - 1890: Henri Nestlé died. ### 1901–1989: Mergers In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the [chocolate industry in Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_chocolate "Swiss chocolate"), together with the [Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%27s_Chocolate "Peter's Chocolate"), [Kohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolat_Kohler "Chocolat Kohler"), and [Cailler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailler "Cailler") families.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-19) In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of [Charles-Amédée Kohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Kohler "Charles-Amédée Kohler") who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-20) Alexandre Cailler (grandson of [François-Louis Cailler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Cailler "François-Louis Cailler")) had founded a chocolate factory in [Broc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broc "Broc") in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Chrystal-21)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Industry-22) An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the [Fulton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton,_Oswego_County,_New_York "Fulton, Oswego County, New York") plant.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-23) In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi") SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-24) The [First World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War "First World War") created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg/250px-Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement%2C_1915.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9_Food_advertisement,_1915.jpg) A 1915 advertisement for "Nestlés Food", an early [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg/250px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg) Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918 In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") from the company [Geibisch and Joplin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geibisch_and_Joplin "Geibisch and Joplin") for \$250,000. One was in [Bandon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandon,_Oregon "Bandon, Oregon"), while the other was in [Milwaukie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon "Milwaukie, Oregon"). They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-25) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg/250px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s,_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg) Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s After the [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I"), government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; [white chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkybar "Milkybar") was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by [Édouard Muller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Muller_$Nestl%C3%A9$ "Édouard Muller (Nestlé)") till his death in 1948. Nestlé felt the effects of the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") immediately. Profits dropped from US\$20 million in 1938 to US\$6 million in 1939.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-26) Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, [Nescafé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9 "Nescafé") ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nestle_logo_1938.png/250px-Nestle_logo_1938.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestle_logo_1938.png) The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-28) The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi"), a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. [Crosse & Blackwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosse_%26_Blackwell "Crosse & Blackwell") followed in 1960, as did [Findus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findus "Findus") (1963), [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") (1971), and [Stouffer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffer%27s "Stouffer's") (1973).[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) Diversification came under chairman & CEO [Pierre Liotard-Vogt](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Liotard-Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pierre Liotard-Vogt (page does not exist)") with a shareholding in [L'Oreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al "L'Oréal") in 1974 and the acquisition of [Alcon Laboratories Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") in 1977 for \$280 million.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. [Carnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_$trademark$ "Carnation (trademark)") was acquired for US\$3 billion in 1984 and brought the [evaporated milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk "Evaporated milk") brand, as well as [Coffee-Mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee-Mate "Coffee-Mate") and [Friskies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friskies "Friskies"), to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded [Nestlé Nespresso S.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespresso "Nespresso") The British confectionery company [Rowntree Mackintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s "Rowntree's") was acquired in 1988 for \$4.5 billion, which brought brands such as [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Rolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolo "Rolo"), [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties"), and [Aero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_$chocolate$ "Aero (chocolate)").[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-30) ### 1990–2011: International growth The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included [San Pellegrino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.Pellegrino "S.Pellegrino") (1997), [D'Onofrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Onofrio_$brand$ "D'Onofrio (brand)") (1997), and [Spillers Petfoods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillers "Spillers") (1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm [EQT AB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQT_AB "EQT AB").[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-31)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-32) In the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included [Ralston Purina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralston_Purina "Ralston Purina") (2002), [Dreyer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyer%27s "Dreyer's") ice cream, and a [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")2\.6 billion acquisition of [Chef America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_America "Chef America"), the creator of [Hot Pockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Pockets "Hot Pockets"). In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company [Hershey's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company"), one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-33) In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-34) In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-35) In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company [Jenny Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. "Jenny Craig, Inc.") for US\$600 million.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-36) In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US\$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as [Ovaltine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovaltine "Ovaltine"), the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-37) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg/250px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A91.jpg) The Brazilian president, [Lula da Silva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula_da_Silva "Lula da Silva"), inaugurates a factory in [Feira de Santana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feira_de_Santana "Feira de Santana") ([Bahia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahia "Bahia")), in February 2007. In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") for US\$5.5 billion.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-39)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-40) In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, [Pierre Marcolini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Marcolini "Pierre Marcolini").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-41) In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found [melamine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine "Melamine") in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick-42)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick2-43) The following June, an [outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreak "Outbreak") of [E. coli O157:H7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7 "Escherichia coli O157:H7") was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated [cookie dough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_dough "Cookie dough") originating in a plant in [Danville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville,_Virginia "Danville, Virginia"), Virginia.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-44) Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in [Alcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") to [Novartis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis "Novartis") on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US\$39.3 billion offer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-45) On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods")'s North American frozen pizza business for US\$3.7 billion, which included brands such as [DiGiorno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiGiorno "DiGiorno"), [Tombstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone_$pizza$ "Tombstone (pizza)"), and [California Pizza Kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen "California Pizza Kitchen").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-46)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-47) Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a [nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition "Nutrition"), health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace [pharmaceutical drugs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug "Pharmaceutical drug") from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-48) It acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with [genetic disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder "Genetic disorder"), in August 2010.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-49) In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US\$1.7 billion.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-50) On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire [Pfizer Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer_Inc. "Pfizer Inc.")'s [infant-nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US\$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from [Danone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone "Danone") and Mead Johnson.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-51)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-53) ### 2012–present In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM\&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops [kiwifruit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwifruit "Kiwifruit")\-based food products as of 2012.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-54) Nestlé sold its [Jenny Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. "Jenny Craig, Inc.") business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-55) In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-56) In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-57) Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-58) In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about \$350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel") and [Bank of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America "Bank of America").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-59) In May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh "Uttar Pradesh"), India, found that samples of [Nestlé India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_India "Nestlé India")'s [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi") noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to [monosodium glutamate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate "Monosodium glutamate").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-NDTV-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-62) In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from [Glendale, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale,_California "Glendale, California"), to [Rosslyn, Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosslyn,_Virginia "Rosslyn, Virginia"), outside of [Washington, DC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC "Washington, DC").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-63) In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Yorkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkie_$chocolate_bar$ "Yorkie (chocolate bar)") and [Aero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_$chocolate$ "Aero (chocolate)") chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-64) In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-65) The company announced a \$20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by [Third Point Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Point_Management "Third Point Management") founder [Daniel S. Loeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_S._Loeb "Daniel S. Loeb"), Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a \$3.5 billion stake,[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-66) explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) In 2016, Nestlé and [PAI Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAI_Partners "PAI Partners") establish a joint venture, [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri"), to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-68) In March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the [Beverage Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide "Beverage Partners Worldwide") venture effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand [Nestea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea "Nestea") on its own.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ift-69) In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") in Spain, containing two [human milk oligosaccharides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_milk_oligosaccharide "Human milk oligosaccharide").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-70) Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula. In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of [Blue Bottle Coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bottle_Coffee "Blue Bottle Coffee").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-71) While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to \$500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-72) In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-73) Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-74)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-75) In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the [100 Grand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Grand_Bar "100 Grand Bar"), [BabyRuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Ruth "Baby Ruth"), [Butterfinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfinger "Butterfinger"), [OhHenry\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Henry! "Oh Henry!"), [Raisinets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate-covered_raisin "Chocolate-covered raisin") and [SnoCaps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sno-Caps "Sno-Caps") to [Ferrara Candy Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrara_Candy_Company "Ferrara Candy Company"), an American-based chocolate and candy maker and [Ferrero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrero_SpA "Ferrero SpA")\-related company.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) The company was sold for a total of an estimated \$2.8 billion.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") struck a \$7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-77) In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for \$1.55 billion.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-79) In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with [SAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE "SAP SE") & [EnterpriseAlumni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnterpriseAlumni "EnterpriseAlumni"), to engage with their over 1 million [alumni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_Alumni "Corporate Alumni") globally.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-80) In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-81) In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-82) Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-83) On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and [Metropoulos & Co](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoulos_%26_Co. "Metropoulos & Co."). The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-85) In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-86) The [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-87) In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing [Bountiful Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBTY "NBTY"), formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for \$5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's\[[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")\] growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-89)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-90) In July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-91) In January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-92) In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the [Brazilian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil "Brazil") organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-93) In May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the [2022 United States infant formula shortage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_infant_formula_shortage "2022 United States infant formula shortage"). These relief shipments included products from the [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") baby food formula brand from the [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") and Alfamino baby formula from [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-94) In September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the [Extrema, Minas Gerais](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrema,_Minas_Gerais "Extrema, Minas Gerais")\-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-95) Following the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine"), the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's [National Agency on Corruption Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention "National Agency on Corruption Prevention") listed Nestlé as an [International Sponsor of War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War "International Sponsors of War"). Nestle stated that it had already "halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia".[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-96) In February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") and increasing investments — the company will invest between [₹](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee "Indian rupee")60-65 billion (\$723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-97) Nestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by [Laurent Freixe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Freixe "Laurent Freixe") on September 1, 2024.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-98) In May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-99) In September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) The company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) That investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) After the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Freixe did not receive any remuneration on exit.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Following the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil") as its new chief executive saying "the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.".[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Navratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) In September 2025, Nestlé announced [Bulcke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bulcke "Paul Bulcke") would leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-101) In October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-102) On 18 December 2025, Nestle announced[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-103) the expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cns-media-104) This is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-105) In January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential [cereulide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereulide "Cereulide") toxin contamination. [Austria's health ministry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs,_Health,_Care_and_Consumer_Protection "Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection") described the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuters-recall-106) By 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-107) In March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to [Centurium Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurium_Capital "Centurium Capital"). At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-108) ## Corporate affairs and governance [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1812_North_Moore.jpg/250px-1812_North_Moore.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1812_North_Moore.jpg) Nestlé USA headquarters at [1812 N Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_N_Moore "1812 N Moore") in [Arlington, Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia "Arlington County, Virginia") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg/250px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg) Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, [Kobe, Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe,_Japan "Kobe, Japan") Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Forbes-109) Nestlé has a primary listing on the [SIX Swiss Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange "SIX Swiss Exchange") and is a constituent of the [Swiss Market Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index "Swiss Market Index"). It previously had a secondary listing on [Euronext](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euronext "Euronext"). In 2025, consolidated sales were [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") 89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03 billion. [Research and development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development") investment was CHF 1.61 billion.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - Sales per category in CHF[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - 28\.1% powdered and liquid beverages - 10\.8% milk products and ice cream - 11\.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids - 16\.0% nutrition and health science - 20\.6% pet care - 9\.7% confectionery - 3\.5% water - Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - 48% from Americas - 25% from Europe - 27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-110) ### Financial data \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Year \| 2011 \| 2012 \| 2013 \| 2014 \| 2015 \| 2016 \| 2017 \| 2018 \| 2019 \| 2020 \| 2021 \| 2022 \| 2023 \| 2024 \| 2025 \| \| [Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue") \| 83\.642 \| 92\.186 \| 92\.158 \| 91\.612 \| 88\.785 \| 89\.469 \| 89\.791 \| 91\.439 \| 92\.568 \| 84\.343 \| 87\.088 \| 94\.780 \| 93\.351 \| 91\.720 \| 89\.490 \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| 9\.487 \| 10\.611 \| 10\.015 \| 14\.456 \| 9\.066 \| 8\.531 \| 7\.183 \| 10\.135 \| 12\.609 \| 12\.232 \| 17\.196 \| 9\.270 \| 11\.209 \| 10\.884 \| 9\.033 \| \| [Assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| 114\.091 \| 126\.229 \| 120\.442 \| 133\.450 \| 123\.992 \| 131\.901 \| 130\.380 \| 137\.015 \| 127\.940 \| 124\.028 \| 139\.142 \| 135\.182 \| 126\.550 \| 139\.264 \| 127\.151 \| \| Employees \| 328,000 \| 339,000 \| 333,000 \| 339,000 \| 335,000 \| 328,000 \| 323,000 \| 308,000 \| 291,000 \| 273,000 \| 276,000 \| \| 275,000 \| 277,000 \| 271\.000 \| Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-112) 1. Switzerland (46.6%) 2. United States (31.2%) 3. All others (22.2%) ### Joint ventures Important joint ventures include: - [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide "Cereal Partners Worldwide") with [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills") for cereals (50%/50%)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-113) - [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri") with [PAI Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAI_Partners "PAI Partners") for ice cream (50%/50%)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-114) - Nestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-115) - Nestlé with [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") global licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-116) - Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais with [Lactalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis "Lactalis") (40%/60%)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-117) - Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with [Indofood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indofood "Indofood") (50%/50%)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-118) - Nestlé Snow with [Snow Brand Milk Products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Brand_Milk_Products "Snow Brand Milk Products") (50%/50%)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-119) - Nestlé Modelo with [Grupo Modelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Modelo "Grupo Modelo") for distribution of bottled water[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-120) ### CEO Chief executive officer:[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-121) - 1981-1997 : [Helmut Maucher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Maucher "Helmut Maucher"); - 1997-2008 : [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe "Peter Brabeck-Letmathe"); - 2008-2016 : [Paul Bulcke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bulcke "Paul Bulcke"); - 2017-2024 : [Ulf Mark Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider "Ulf Mark Schneider"); - 2024-2025 : [Laurent Freixe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Freixe "Laurent Freixe"); - 2025–present: [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil"). ### Board of directors As of 2025, the board is composed of: - [Pablo Isla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Isla "Pablo Isla"), chairman - Dick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V. - Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) - Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of [Credit Suisse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse "Credit Suisse") - [Patrick Aebischer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Aebischer "Patrick Aebischer"), former president of [École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne "École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne") - Dinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc. - Lindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA - Luca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc. - Chris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc. - Rainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation - Geraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) ### Lobbying The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-122) In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was \$1,951,667 each year.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-123) ## Brands Main article: [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG/250px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG) Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012 Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-124)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-125) with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water"), [milkshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkshake "Milkshake") and other [beverages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverages "Beverages"), [breakfast cereals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereal "Breakfast cereal"), [infant foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), [performance and healthcare nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_nutrition "Sports nutrition"), [seasonings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasoning "Seasoning"), [soups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup "Soup") and [sauces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauces "Sauces"), frozen and refrigerated foods, and [pet food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_food "Pet food").[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2014-126) In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional [plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_alternative "Meat alternative").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-127) ## Sponsorships ### Music and entertainment In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of [Walt Disney's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_World "Walt Disney World") [EPCOT Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot "Epcot"), including a major refurbishment of [The Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Land_$Epcot$ "The Land (Epcot)") pavilion. [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods") withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-128) In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-129) On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the [Beijing Music Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Pop_Festival "Beijing Pop Festival") signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-130) Nestlé has partnered the [Salzburg Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg_Festival "Salzburg Festival") in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the [Salzburg Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg_Festival "Salzburg Festival") until 2015.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-131) Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-132) ### Sports Nestlé's sponsorship of the [Tour de France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France "Tour de France") began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, [Nestlé Waters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters "Nestlé Waters") and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-133) On 27 January 2012, the [International Association of Athletics Federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations "International Association of Athletics Federations") announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-134) On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of [doping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_sport "Doping in sport") and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including [Adidas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas "Adidas"), also stopped supporting the IAAF.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-135) In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-136) In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the [Great Britain Lionesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_rugby_league_team "Great Britain women's national rugby league team") [Women's rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rugby_league "Women's rugby league") team for the team's second tour of Australia with its [Munchies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchies_$confectionery$ "Munchies (confectionery)") product.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-137) Nestlé supports the [Australian Institute of Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Sport "Australian Institute of Sport") (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-138) ## Corporate initiatives In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-139) In 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-140)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-141) Nestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-142)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-143) Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-144) It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-145) ## Awards \| Year \| Brand \| Award \| Result \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2010 \| [Nestlé Purina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare "Nestlé Purina PetCare") \| [Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Baldrige_National_Quality_Award "Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award") \| Won \| \| 2010 \| —N/a \| [IUoFST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology "International Union of Food Science and Technology") Gold Food Industry Award[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-146) \| Won \| \| 2011 \| —N/a \| World Environment Center Gold Medal Award \| Won \| \| 2014 \| —N/a \| Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award \| Won \| ## Controversies Main article: [Controversies of Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") The company has been associated with [various controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé"), facing criticism and [boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott "Boycott") over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to [breastfeeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding "Breastfeeding") in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use [child labour in cocoa production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production "Child labour in cocoa production"), and its production and promotion of [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water"). Nestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with - incidents of contaminated and infested food products, - actively spreading disinformation about recycling, - illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations, - preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries, - price fixing, - slave labor, - child labor, - extensive union-busting activity, and - deforestation. ### Baby formula marketing Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their [breast milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk "Breast milk") substitutes, particularly in [less economically developed countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country "Developing country") (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-147) Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-148) This led to the [1977 Nestlé boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "1977 Nestlé boycott") in the United States and Europe.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Moorhead-149)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-150) ### Slave labour and child labour Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of [child labour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour "Child labour") as well as [slavery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery "Slavery") and [child trafficking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children "Trafficking of children") by [cocoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao "Theobroma cacao") suppliers, throughout [West African](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa "West Africa") plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Raghavan1-151)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-combating-152)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-153)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-chocolate_slavery-154)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-accuses_companies-155) ### Environment #### Climate change In 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing [methane emissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_emissions "Methane emissions") from livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on [greenhouse gas removal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_removal "Greenhouse gas removal") rather than source reduction.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-156) Nestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-157) #### Water At the second [World Water Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Water_Forum "World Water Forum") in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the [World Water Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Water_Council "World Water Council") to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of [aquifers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer "Aquifer") and bottle their water for profit.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-158) A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the [Advertising Standards of Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Canada "Advertising Standards Canada") after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", "[Nestlé Pure Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life "Nestlé Pure Life") is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world."[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cbc-159)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-polaris-160)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuter-161)\[[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] ### Animal welfare In 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the "[Better Chicken Commitment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Chicken_Commitment "Better Chicken Commitment")", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-162)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) However, a 2025 review from [Compassion in World Farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_in_World_Farming "Compassion in World Farming") listed that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-164) In 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from [cage-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage-free "Cage-free") suppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) ### Turkey boycott In 2024, the [Grand National Assembly of Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey "Grand National Assembly of Turkey") announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-165) ## See also - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emblem-money.svg/40px-Emblem-money.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem-money.svg)[Business portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Business "Portal:Business") - [Big Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Chocolate "Big Chocolate") - [Controversies of Nestle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") - [Farfel the Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farfel_the_Dog "Farfel the Dog") - [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") - [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize "Nestlé Smarties Book Prize") - [Nestlé Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower "Nestlé Tower") - [Ultra-processed food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-processed_food "Ultra-processed food") Competitors - [Coca-Cola Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company "The Coca-Cola Company") - [Danone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone "Danone") - [Ferrero SpA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrero_SpA "Ferrero SpA") - [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills") - [The Hershey Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company") - [Highland Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Spring "Highland Spring") - [Kellogg's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellogg%27s "Kellogg's") - [Kraft Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Heinz "Kraft Heinz") - [Lactalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis "Lactalis") - [Mars, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Inc. "Mars Inc.") - [Mondelez International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondelez_International "Mondelez International") - [Müller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCller_$company$ "Müller (company)") - [PepsiCo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PepsiCo "PepsiCo") - [Post Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Holdings "Post Holdings") - [Unilever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilever "Unilever") ## Explanatory notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-3) Not to be confused with Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., the group's [intellectual property](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property "Intellectual property")\-holding subsidiary ## References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-FR2025_1-0) ["Financial Statements 2025"](https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 18 February 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260303074609/https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 3 March 2026. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Management_2-0) ["Management"](http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/management). Nestlé. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170601032700/http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/management) from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-4) ["1978 Milky Bar commercial"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs). [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") (published 31 August 2012). 1978. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220507150555/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs&gl=US&hl=en) from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-money.cnn.com_5-0) ["Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods"](https://money.cnn.com/2011/04/01/news/companies/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune/index.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140410191138/http://money.cnn.com/2011/04/01/news/companies/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune/index.htm) 10 April 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), CNN Money, 1 April 2011 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-6) ["Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier"](https://www.economist.com/briefing/2009/10/29/the-unrepentant-chocolatier) , The Economist, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-7) ["Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2017/05/24/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape/#6ef7ec6e3a69). Forbes. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171026055803/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2017/05/24/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape/#6ef7ec6e3a69) from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-8) ["Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It"](http://fortune.com/global500/list/filtered?searchByName=nestle). Fortune. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145530/http://fortune.com/global500/list/filtered?searchByName=nestle) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-9) ["The Global 2000 2023"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). Forbes. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-10) ["Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches"](https://money.cnn.com/2010/07/02/news/companies/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune/index.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111209162213/http://money.cnn.com/2010/07/02/news/companies/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune/index.htm) 9 December 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") CNN, 2 July 2010. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-4) ["Annual Review 2025"](https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/annual-review-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 2026. Retrieved 28 March 2026. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status "Category:CS1 maint: url-status")) 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-12)* ["Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-14/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140708193833/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-14/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) 8 July 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). Bloomberg, 14 April 2011 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-13) ["The History of Nestlé"](https://www.cleverism.com/the-history-of-nestle/). Cleverism. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180525204658/https://www.cleverism.com/the-history-of-nestle/) from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-14) Mowbray, Sean (13 May 2017). ["A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand"](https://theculturetrip.com/europe/switzerland/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand/). Culture Trip. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804123428/https://theculturetrip.com/europe/switzerland/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand/) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-15) ['Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire](http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111121140334/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814) 21 November 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"): Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-16) ["Nestle SA \\| History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries"](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA). Encyclopedia Britannica. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804133805/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-17) ["Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise \\| House of Switzerland"](http://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/henri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise). houseofswitzerland.org. 17 September 2018. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-18) Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). ["Milk Chocolate History"](https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm). What's Cooking America. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191212054953/https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-19) HPatrick (3 January 2016). ["Swiss Chocolate Brands"](http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-20) ["About Cailler"](https://cailler.ch/en/about). Cailler. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220524210327/https://cailler.ch/en/about) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. "1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler." 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Chrystal_21-0) Chrystal, Paul (2021). "The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century". [Rowntree's – The Early History](https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ). [Pen and Sword Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Books "Pen and Sword Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781526778901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526778901 "Special:BookSources/9781526778901") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. \[...\] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group." 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Industry_22-0) [Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6](https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ). Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29\. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. \[...\] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production." 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-23) Lacey, Darlene (2013). [Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80](https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780747813651](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747813651 "Special:BookSources/9780747813651") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this \[milk chocolate\] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-cbc_159-0) ["Nestlé bottled-water ads misleading, environmentalists say"](http://www.cbc.ca/news/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791). [CBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBC_News "CBC News"). 1 December 2008. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160103032603/http://www.cbc.ca/news/nestl%C3%A9-bottled-water-ads-misleading-environmentalists-say-1.748791) from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016. 159. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-polaris_160-0) ["Groups Challenge Nestlé's Bottled Water Greenwashing"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141022031038/http://www.polarisinstitute.org/groups_challenge_nestl%C3%A9%E2%80%99s_bottled_water_greenwashing). [Polaris Institute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaris_Institute "Polaris Institute"). Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2010. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown "Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown")) 160. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-reuter_161-0) Anderson, Scott (1 December 2008). ["Nestlé water ads misleading: Canada green groups"](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201). [Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100521060733/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4B06UJ20081201) from the original on 21 May 2010. Retrieved 30 November 2010. 161. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-162) ["The Policy - BCC \[EU\]"](https://betterchickencommitment.com/eu/policy/). betterchickencommitment.com. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 162. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:0_163-1) ["Animal Welfare"](https://web.archive.org/web/20250411175354/https://www.nestle.com/sustainability/sustainable-sourcing/animal-welfare?__cf_chl_rt_tk=hYnfpgij9BjA0pCCM9OnA_QRc0NUqhKkWJ5Gl645uFQ-1744394034-1.0.1.1-x1i1hssKiuEr04VcOAGZVyYNz8H4D2ri6L69CuSU.zQ). Nestle.com. Archived from [the original](https://www.nestle.com/sustainability/sustainable-sourcing/animal-welfare) on 11 April 2025. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 163. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-164)* ["Animal welfare standards remain a worry as chicken commitments wane"](https://www.ingredientsnetwork.com/animal-welfare-standards-remain-a-worry-as-news126860.html). www.ingredientsnetwork.com. Retrieved 11 April 2025. 164. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-165) ["Turkish parliament dumps Coke, Nestle from menus over alleged Israel support"](https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkish-parliament-removes-brands-menu-over-alleged-israel-support-2023-11-07/). Reuters. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2024. ## External links [![Wikimedia Commons logo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Nestlé](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 "commons:Category:Nestlé"). - [Official website](https://www.nestle.com/) [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata") - [Documents and clippings about Nestlé](http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/016834) in the [20th Century Press Archives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives "20th Century Press Archives") of the [ZBW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics "German National Library of Economics") \| 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[Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") [Nido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nido_$brand$ "Nido (brand)") \| \| Baking \| [Toll House cookies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_chip_cookie "Chocolate chip cookie") \| \| Bottled water \| [Contrex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrex "Contrex") [Acqua Panna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_Panna "Acqua Panna") [Perrier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perrier "Perrier") [Princes Gate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princes_Gate_Spring_Water "Princes Gate Spring Water") [Pure Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life "Nestlé Pure Life") [S.Pellegrino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.Pellegrino "S.Pellegrino") [Vittel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittel_$water$ "Vittel (water)") \| \| Cereals \| [Cheerios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheerios "Cheerios")1 [Chocapic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocapic "Chocapic") [Cinnamon Toast 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V](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_V_$chocolate_bar$ "Carlos V (chocolate bar)") [Cheekies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheekies "Cheekies") [Chokito](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chokito "Chokito") [Coffee Crisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Crisp "Coffee Crisp") [Crisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisp_$chocolate_bar$ "Crisp (chocolate bar)") [Crunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crunch_$chocolate_bar$ "Crunch (chocolate bar)")12 [Drifter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drifter_$chocolate_bar$ "Drifter (chocolate bar)") [Fox's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%27s_Confectionery "Fox's Confectionery") [Garoto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garoto "Garoto") [Goobers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate-coated_peanut "Chocolate-coated peanut") [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat")3 [Kit Kats in Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kats_in_Japan "Kit Kats in Japan") [Kohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolat_Kohler "Chocolat Kohler") [Life Savers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Savers "Life Savers")14 [Lion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_$chocolate_bar$ "Lion (chocolate bar)") [Mackintosh's Toffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackintosh%27s_Toffee "Mackintosh's Toffee") [Matchmakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchmakers "Matchmakers") [Menier Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menier_Chocolate "Menier Chocolate") [Milkybar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkybar "Milkybar") [Milo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo_$drink$ "Milo (drink)") [Mirage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirage_$chocolate_bar$ "Mirage (chocolate bar)") [Munchies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchies_$confectionery$ "Munchies (confectionery)") [Negresco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negresco "Negresco") [Nestlé Milk Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Milk_Chocolate "Nestlé Milk Chocolate") [Passatempo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passatempo "Passatempo") [Peppermint Crisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peppermint_Crisp "Peppermint Crisp") [Perugina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perugina "Perugina") [Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_$confectionery$ "Polo (confectionery)") [Quality Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Street_$confectionery$ "Quality Street (confectionery)") [Red Ripperz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Ripperz "Red Ripperz") [Rolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolo "Rolo")3 [Rowntree's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s "Rowntree's") [Rowntree's Fruit Gums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums "Rowntree's Fruit Gums") [Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles "Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles") [Sin Parar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin_Parar "Sin Parar") [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties")4 [Svitoch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svitoch "Svitoch") [TEX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tex "Nestlé Tex") [Toffee Crisp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffee_Crisp "Toffee Crisp") [Walnut Whip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walnut_Whip "Walnut Whip") [White Knight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Knight_$chocolate_bar$ "White Knight (chocolate bar)") [Yorkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkie_$chocolate_bar$ "Yorkie (chocolate bar)") [Zvečevo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zve%C4%8Devo "Zvečevo") \| \| Coffee and beverages \| [Abuelita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuelita "Abuelita") [Alpine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine "Alaska Milk Corporation")8 [BabyNes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BabyNes "BabyNes") [Blue Bottle Coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bottle_Coffee "Blue Bottle Coffee") [Boost](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boost_$drink$ "Boost (drink)") [Carnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_$brand$ "Carnation (brand)")8,9 [Caro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caro_$drink$ "Caro (drink)") [Chameleon Cold-Brew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chameleon_Cold-Brew "Chameleon Cold-Brew") [Coffee-Mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee-Mate "Coffee-Mate") [Dolce Gusto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolce_Gusto "Dolce Gusto") [Klim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klim_$powdered_milk$ "Klim (powdered milk)") [La Lechera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Lechera "La Lechera") [Menier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menier_Chocolate "Menier Chocolate") [Milo cocoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milo_$drink$ "Milo (drink)") [Nescafé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9 "Nescafé") [Nespresso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespresso "Nespresso") [Nesquik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesquik "Nesquik") [Nestea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea "Nestea") [Ovaltine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovaltine "Ovaltine")4 [Ricoré](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricor%C3%A9 "Ricoré") [Seattle's Best Coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle%27s_Best_Coffee "Seattle's Best Coffee") [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") 13 [Supligen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supligen "Supligen") [Sweet Leaf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweet_Leaf_Tea_Company "Sweet Leaf Tea Company") \| \| Dairy products \| [Alpine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation#Alpine "Alaska Milk Corporation")8 [Bear Brand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Bear_Brand "Nestlé Bear Brand")10,11 [Carnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_$brand$ "Carnation (brand)")8,9 [Coffee-Mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee-Mate "Coffee-Mate") [La Lechera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Lechera "La Lechera") [Nesquik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesquik "Nesquik") \| \| Ice cream \| [D'Onofrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Onofrio_$brand$ "D'Onofrio (brand)") [Drumstick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumstick_$frozen_dairy_dessert$ "Drumstick (frozen dairy dessert)")15 [Eskimo Pie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edy%27s_Pie "Edy's Pie")15 [Fab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fab_$brand$ "Fab (brand)") [Frosty Paws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frosty_Paws "Frosty Paws")15 [Häagen-Dazs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4agen-Dazs "Häagen-Dazs")2,15 [Hjem-IS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjem-IS "Hjem-IS") [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat")15 [Maxibon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxibon "Maxibon") [Mövenpick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6venpick_Ice_Cream "Mövenpick Ice Cream") [Parlour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlour_$ice_cream$ "Parlour (ice cream)") [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties") \| \| Prepared and packaged food and snacks \| [Buitoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buitoni "Buitoni") [California Pizza Kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen "California Pizza Kitchen") [DiGiorno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiGiorno "DiGiorno") [Herta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herta_Foods "Herta Foods") [Hot Pockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Pockets "Hot Pockets") [Lean Cuisine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_Cuisine "Lean Cuisine") [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") [Lean Pockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Pockets "Hot Pockets") [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi") [Stouffer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffer%27s "Stouffer's") [Thomy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomy "Thomy") [Tombstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone_$pizza$ "Tombstone (pizza)") [Uncle Tobys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tobys "Uncle Tobys") [Wagner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Wagner "Nestlé Wagner") [Winiary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winiary_$company$ "Winiary (company)") [Yinlu Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yinlu_Foods "Yinlu Foods") \| \| [Purina PetCare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare "Nestlé Purina PetCare") \| [Alpo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpo_$pet_food$ "Alpo (pet food)") [Beggin' Strips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beggin%27_Strips "Beggin' Strips") [Beneful](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beneful "Beneful") [Bonio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonio "Bonio") [Dog Chow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_Chow "Dog Chow") [Fancy Feast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_Feast "Fancy Feast") [Felix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_$cat_food$ "Felix (cat food)") [Friskies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friskies "Friskies") [Frosty Paws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frosty_Paws "Frosty Paws") [Winalot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winalot "Winalot") \| \| [Uncle Tobys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tobys "Uncle Tobys") \| [Cheerios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheerios "Cheerios")1 [PLUS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_$cereal$ "Plus (cereal)") [Weeties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheaties "Wheaties") \| \| [Former brands and subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands#Former_brands "List of Nestlé brands") \| [Alcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") [Alfasigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamlab "Pamlab") [Animal Bar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Bar_$chocolate_bar$ "Animal Bar (chocolate bar)") [Arrowhead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrowhead_Water "Arrowhead Water") [Butterfinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfinger "Butterfinger") [Baby Ruth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Ruth "Baby Ruth") [Chocolate Surpresa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_Surpresa "Chocolate Surpresa") [Deer Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_Park_Spring_Water "Deer Park Spring Water") [Dreyer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyer%27s "Dreyer's")15 [Enviga](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enviga "Enviga") [Gale's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale%27s "Gale's") [Galderma Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galderma "Galderma") [Cetaphil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetaphil "Cetaphil") [Epiduo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapalene/benzoyl_peroxide "Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide") [Restylane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restylane "Restylane") [Hoadley's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates "Hoadley's Chocolates") [Ice Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Mountain_$water$ "Ice Mountain (water)") [Jenny Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. "Jenny Craig, Inc.") [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") [Ozarka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozarka "Ozarka") [Peter's Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%27s_Chocolate "Peter's Chocolate") [Poland Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_Spring "Poland Spring") [Polly Waffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Waffle "Polly Waffle") [PowerBar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerBar "PowerBar") [Powwow Water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powwow_Water "Powwow Water") [Rowntree Mackintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery "Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery") [Violet Crumble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Crumble "Violet Crumble") [Wonder Ball](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonder_Ball "Wonder Ball") [Zephyrhills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zephyrhills_$water$ "Zephyrhills (water)") \| \| People \| [Günter Blobel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel "Günter Blobel") [Paul Bulcke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bulcke "Paul Bulcke") [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe "Peter Brabeck-Letmathe") [Nobuyuki Idei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobuyuki_Idei "Nobuyuki Idei") [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") [Kaspar Villiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspar_Villiger "Kaspar Villiger") \| \| Related \| [Nestea European Championship Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea_European_Championship_Tour "Nestea European Championship Tour") [1977 Nestlé boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "1977 Nestlé boycott") [Nestlé Invitational](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Palmer_Invitational "Arnold Palmer Invitational") [Nestlé Rowntree F.C.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntrees_F.C. "Rowntrees F.C.") [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize "Nestlé Smarties Book Prize") [Nestlé Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower "Nestlé Tower") [Nestlé Tutbury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tutbury "Nestlé Tutbury") [Toll House cookies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate_chip_cookie "Chocolate chip cookie") [International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Marketing_of_Breast-milk_Substitutes "International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes") [Nescafé Basement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9_Basement "Nescafé Basement") [Maggi noodles safety concerns in India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi_noodles_safety_concerns_in_India "Maggi noodles safety concerns in India") [Freshly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshly "Freshly") \| \| Related articles \| [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") [Controversies of Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") \| \| 1 Brand owned by [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills"); Produced by General Mills in the U.S. and Canada. Produced by [Cereal Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide "Cereal Partners Worldwide") under the Nestlé brand elsewhere. 2 Brand owned by [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills"); U.S. and Canadian production rights controlled by Nestlé under license. 3 U.S. production rights owned by [The Hershey Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company"). 4 U.S. rights and production owned by the [Smarties Candy Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties_Candy_Company "Smarties Candy Company") with a different product. 5 U.S. rights and specific trade dress owned by Nestlé; rights elsewhere owned by [Associated British Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_British_Foods "Associated British Foods"). 6 Produced by Cereal Partners, branded as Nestlé. 7 Brand owned by [Post Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Foods "Post Foods"); Produced by Cereal Partners and branded as Nestlé in the U.K. and Ireland. 8 Philippine production rights owned by [Alaska Milk Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_Milk_Corporation "Alaska Milk Corporation"). 9 Singaporean, Malaysian and Thai production rights owned by [Fraser and Neave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_and_Neave "Fraser and Neave"). 10 Used only in Indonesia, Thailand, and Cambodia. 11 Used only in the Philippines. 12 U.S. production rights owned by the [Ferrara Candy Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrara_Candy_Company "Ferrara Candy Company"). 13 [NA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America "North America") rights and specific trade dress to all packaged coffee and other products under the Starbucks brand owned by Nestlé since 2019. 14 Brand owned by [Mars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Inc. "Mars Inc."), sold by Nestlé in Canada. 15 Produced by [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri") in the U.S. since 2020. ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 "Category:Nestlé") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Rowntree%27s "Template:Rowntree's") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Rowntree%27s&action=edit&redlink=1 "Template talk:Rowntree's (page does not exist)") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rowntree%27s "Special:EditPage/Template:Rowntree's")[Rowntree's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s "Rowntree's") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Parent \| [Nestlé]() \| \| Brands and subsidiaries \| \| \| \| \| \| Current \| [Fruit Gums](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Gums "Rowntree's Fruit Gums") [Fruit Pastilles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s_Fruit_Pastilles "Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles") \| \| Former \| [Aero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_$chocolate_bar$ "Aero (chocolate bar)") [After Eight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After_Eight "After Eight") [Black Magic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Magic_$chocolates$ "Black Magic (chocolates)") [Caramac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caramac "Caramac") [Gale's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gale%27s "Gale's") [Hoadley's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoadley%27s_Chocolates "Hoadley's Chocolates") [Polly Waffle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polly_Waffle "Polly Waffle") [Violet Crumble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Crumble "Violet Crumble") [Hot Sam Pretzels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Sam_Pretzels "Hot Sam Pretzels") [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat") [Laura Secord](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Secord_Chocolates "Laura Secord Chocolates") [Lion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_$chocolate_bar$ "Lion (chocolate bar)") [Matchmakers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchmakers "Matchmakers") [Menier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menier_Chocolate "Menier Chocolate") [Polo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polo_$confectionery$ "Polo (confectionery)") [Quality Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_Street_$confectionery$ "Quality Street (confectionery)") [Rolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolo "Rolo") [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties") [Tom's Snacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%27s_Snacks "Tom's Snacks") [Yorkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkie_$chocolate_bar$ "Yorkie (chocolate bar)") \| \| People \| [Henry Isaac Rowntree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Isaac_Rowntree "Henry Isaac Rowntree") [Joseph Rowntree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Rowntree_$philanthropist$ "Joseph Rowntree (philanthropist)") [Seebohm Rowntree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seebohm_Rowntree "Seebohm Rowntree") \| \| Related \| [Mackintosh's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackintosh%27s "Mackintosh's") [Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery "Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery") \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rowntree%27s "Category:Rowntree's") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg "Commons page") [Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rowntree%27s "commons:Category:Rowntree's") \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders "Template:British royal warrant holders") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:British_royal_warrant_holders "Template talk:British royal warrant holders") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_royal_warrant_holders "Special:EditPage/Template:British royal warrant holders")[Selected royal warrant holders of the British royal family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_warrant_of_appointment_$United_Kingdom$ "Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| By Appointment to [King Charles III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Charles_III "King Charles III") \| [Anderson & Sheppard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson_%26_Sheppard "Anderson & Sheppard") [Andrex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrex "Andrex") [Abels Moving Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abels_Moving_Services "Abels Moving Services") [Ainsworths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainsworths "Ainsworths") [Aston Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aston_Martin "Aston Martin") [Autoglym](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoglym "Autoglym") [Axminster Carpets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axminster_Carpets "Axminster Carpets") [Barbour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbour_$company$ "Barbour (company)") [Bendicks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendicks "Bendicks") [Bentley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentley "Bentley") [Berry Bros. & Rudd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_Bros._%26_Rudd "Berry Bros. & Rudd") [British Sugar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Sugar "British Sugar") [BT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Group "BT Group") [Burberry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burberry "Burberry") [Bollinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollinger "Bollinger") [Dairy Crest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_Crest "Dairy Crest") [DAKS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAKS "DAKS") [DHL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHL "DHL") [Dubonnet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubonnet "Dubonnet") [Dunelm Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunelm_Group "Dunelm Group") [Ede & Ravenscroft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft "Ede & Ravenscroft") [Fortnum & Mason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason "Fortnum & Mason") [Garrard & Co](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garrard_%26_Co "Garrard & Co") [Gieves & Hawkes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gieves_%26_Hawkes "Gieves & Hawkes") [Gordon's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%27s_Gin "Gordon's Gin") [Hatchards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchards "Hatchards") [Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz "Heinz") [Henry Poole & Co](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Poole_%26_Co "Henry Poole & Co") [Holland & Holland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland_%26_Holland "Holland & Holland") [Hugo Burnand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Burnand "Hugo Burnand") [Jaguar Land Rover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover "Jaguar Land Rover") [James Lock & Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lock_%26_Co. "James Lock & Co.") [James Purdey & Sons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Purdey_%26_Sons "James Purdey & Sons") [John Deere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Deere "John Deere") [John Lewis & Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lewis_%26_Partners "John Lewis & Partners") [John Lobb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lobb_Bootmaker "John Lobb Bootmaker") [Johnstons of Elgin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnstons_of_Elgin "Johnstons of Elgin") [Kellogg's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellogg%27s "Kellogg's") [Laurent-Perrier](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent-Perrier "Laurent-Perrier") [Laphroaig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laphroaig_distillery "Laphroaig distillery") [Louis Roederer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Roederer "Louis Roederer") [Loake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loake "Loake") [Mappin & Webb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mappin_%26_Webb "Mappin & Webb") [Martini & Rossi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martini_%26_Rossi "Martini & Rossi") [McIlhenny Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIlhenny_Company "McIlhenny Company") [McVitie's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McVitie%27s "McVitie's") [Mercedes-Benz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz "Mercedes-Benz") [Minky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minky "Minky") [Moët & Chandon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%ABt_%26_Chandon "Moët & Chandon") [Molton Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molton_Brown "Molton Brown") [Moyses Stevens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moyses_Stevens "Moyses Stevens") [Nestlé]() [Parker Pen Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker_Pen_Company "Parker Pen Company") [Penhaligon's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penhaligon%27s "Penhaligon's") [pladis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pladis "Pladis") [Ritz London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London "The Ritz Hotel, London") [Roberts Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Radio "Roberts Radio") [Ryvita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryvita "Ryvita") [Samsung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung "Samsung") [Schweppes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweppes "Schweppes") [Shepherd Neame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepherd_Neame_Brewery "Shepherd Neame Brewery") [Spink & Son](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spink_%26_Son "Spink & Son") [Tanqueray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanqueray "Tanqueray") [Tate & Lyle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_%26_Lyle "Tate & Lyle") [Turnbull & Asser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnbull_%26_Asser "Turnbull & Asser") [Twinings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinings "Twinings") [Veuve Clicquot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veuve_Clicquot "Veuve Clicquot") [Waitrose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waitrose "Waitrose") [Walker's Shortbread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker%27s_Shortbread "Walker's Shortbread") [Wartski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartski "Wartski") [Weetabix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weetabix "Weetabix") [Wilkin & Sons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkin_%26_Sons "Wilkin & Sons") [Winsor & Newton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winsor_%26_Newton "Winsor & Newton") [Wolsey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolsey_$clothing$ "Wolsey (clothing)") [Worcestershire Medal Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcestershire_Medal_Service "Worcestershire Medal Service") \| [![Coat of arms of His Majesty the King](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282022%2C_variant_2%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_$2022,_variant_2$.svg "Coat of arms of His Majesty the King") [![Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%282022%29.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_%282022%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_in_Scotland_$2022$.svg "Coat of arms of His Majesty the King in Scotland") [![Coat of arms of Her Majesty Queen Camilla](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Queen_Camilla.svg "Coat of arms of Her Majesty Queen Camilla") \| \| By Appointment to [Queen Camilla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Camilla "Queen Camilla") \| [Anna Valentine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Valentine "Anna Valentine") [Barnard & Westwood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnard_%26_Westwood "Barnard & Westwood") [Ede & Ravenscroft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ede_%26_Ravenscroft "Ede & Ravenscroft") [Frank Smythson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smythson "Smythson") [Fortnum & Mason](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortnum_%26_Mason "Fortnum & Mason") [Jaguar Land Rover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover "Jaguar Land Rover") [Launer London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launer_London "Launer London") [Philip Treacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Treacy "Philip Treacy") [Roger Pope & Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Pope_%26_Partners "Roger Pope & Partners") [Shane Connolly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane_Connolly_$florist$ "Shane Connolly (florist)") [Wartski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wartski "Wartski") \| \| \| ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png) [Category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders "Category:British royal warrant holders") \| \| \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies "Template:Swiss Market Index companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Swiss_Market_Index_companies "Template talk:Swiss Market Index companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss_Market_Index_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss Market Index companies")[![Switzerland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") [Swiss Market Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index "Swiss Market Index") companies of Switzerland \| \|---\| \| [ABB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB "ABB") [Alcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") [Geberit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geberit "Geberit") [Givaudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givaudan "Givaudan") [Holcim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holcim_Group "Holcim Group") [Kühne + Nagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BChne_%2B_Nagel "Kühne + Nagel") [Logitech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logitech "Logitech") [Lonza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonza_Group "Lonza Group") [Nestlé]() [Novartis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis "Novartis") [Partners Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partners_Group "Partners Group") [Richemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richemont "Richemont") [Roche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche "Roche") [Sika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sika_AG "Sika AG") [Sonova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonova "Sonova") [Swiss Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Life "Swiss Life") [Swiss Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Re "Swiss Re") [Swisscom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swisscom "Swisscom") [UBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS "UBS") [Zurich Insurance Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group "Zurich Insurance Group") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies "Template:Swiss Leader Index companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies "Template talk:Swiss Leader Index companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss_Leader_Index_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Swiss Leader Index companies")[![Switzerland](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") [Swiss Leader Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Leader_Index "Swiss Leader Index") companies of Switzerland \| \|---\| \| [ABB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB "ABB") [Adecco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adecco_Group "The Adecco Group") [ams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ams_AG "Ams AG") [Alcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") [Geberit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geberit "Geberit") [Givaudan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Givaudan "Givaudan") [Holcim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holcim_Group "Holcim Group") [Julius Bär](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Baer_Group "Julius Baer Group") [Kuehne + Nagel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuehne_%2B_Nagel "Kuehne + Nagel") [Lindt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindt "Lindt") (PS) [Logitech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logitech "Logitech") [Lonza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonza_Group "Lonza Group") [Nestlé]() [Novartis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis "Novartis") [Partners Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partners_Group "Partners Group") [Richemont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richemont "Richemont") [Roche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche "Roche") [Schindler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schindler_Group "Schindler Group") [SGS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGS_S.A. "SGS S.A.") [Sika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sika_AG "Sika AG") [Sonova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonova "Sonova") [Straumann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straumann "Straumann") [Swatch Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Swatch_Group "The Swatch Group") [Swiss Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Life "Swiss Life") [Swiss Re](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Re "Swiss Re") [Swisscom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swisscom "Swisscom") [Temenos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temenos_AG "Temenos AG") [UBS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UBS "UBS") [VAT Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAT_Group "VAT Group") [Zurich Insurance Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurich_Insurance_Group "Zurich Insurance Group") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Food_industry_criticism "Template:Food industry criticism") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Food_industry_criticism "Template talk:Food industry criticism") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Food_industry_criticism "Special:EditPage/Template:Food industry criticism")[Food industry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_industry "Food industry") criticism \| \| \|---\|---\| \| Books \| [The Jungle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle "The Jungle") (1906) [Modern Meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Meat "Modern Meat") (1984) [Diet for a New America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America "Diet for a New America") (1987) [Fast Food Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation "Fast Food Nation") (2001) [Reefer Madness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reefer_Madness_$2003_book$ "Reefer Madness (2003 book)") (2003) [Shopped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopped "Shopped") (2004) [Chew on This](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chew_on_This "Chew on This") (2006) [My Secret Life on the McJob](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Secret_Life_on_the_McJob "My Secret Life on the McJob") (2006) [The Omnivore's Dilemma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Omnivore%27s_Dilemma "The Omnivore's Dilemma") (2006) [Eating Animals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_Animals "Eating Animals") (2009) [Wheat Belly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_Belly "Wheat Belly") (2011) [Farmageddon: The True Cost of Cheap Meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmageddon_$book$ "Farmageddon (book)") (2014) [Ultra-Processed People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-Processed_People "Ultra-Processed People") (2023) [Meat Atlas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_Atlas "Meat Atlas") (annual) \| \| Films \| [The Jungle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle_$1914_film$ "The Jungle (1914 film)") (1914) [Diet for a New America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_$film$ "Diet for a New America (film)") (1991) [McLibel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McLibel_$film$ "McLibel (film)") (1997) [The Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corporation_$2003_film$ "The Corporation (2003 film)") (2003) [Super Size Me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Size_Me "Super Size Me") (2004) [The Future of Food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Future_of_Food "The Future of Food") (2004) [We Feed the World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Feed_the_World "We Feed the World") (2005) [Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Mart:_The_High_Cost_of_Low_Price "Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price") (2005) [Our Daily Bread](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Daily_Bread_$2005_film$ "Our Daily Bread (2005 film)") (2005) [Earthlings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthlings_$film$ "Earthlings (film)") (2005) [Fast Food Nation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Food_Nation_$film$ "Fast Food Nation (film)") (2006) [Black Gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Gold_$2006_film$ "Black Gold (2006 film)") (2006) [King Corn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Corn_$film$ "King Corn (film)") (2007) [Food, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food,_Inc. "Food, Inc.") (2008) [Million Calorie March: The Movie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Calorie_March:_The_Movie "Million Calorie March: The Movie") (2008) [The World According to Monsanto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_According_to_Monsanto "The World According to Monsanto") (2008) [Fresh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_$2009_film$ "Fresh (2009 film)") (2009) [Bananas!\](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bananas!* "Bananas!") (2009) [Big Boys Gone Bananas!\](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Boys_Gone_Bananas!* "Big Boys Gone Bananas!") (2011) [The Dark Side of Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dark_Side_of_Chocolate "The Dark Side of Chocolate") (2010) [Forks Over Knives](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives "Forks Over Knives") (2011) [A Place at the Table](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Place_at_the_Table "A Place at the Table") (2013) [Fed Up](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fed_Up_$film$ "Fed Up (film)") (2014) [Cowspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowspiracy "Cowspiracy") (2014) [Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Size_Me_2:_Holy_Chicken! "Super Size Me 2: Holy Chicken!") (2017) [Dominion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_$2018_film$ "Dominion (2018 film)") (2018) [Food, Inc. 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food,_Inc._2 "Food, Inc. 2") (2023) \| \| Organizations \| [Coca-Cola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Coca-Cola "Criticism of Coca-Cola") [Cargill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticisms_of_Cargill "Criticisms of Cargill") [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_McDonald%27s "Criticism of McDonald's") [Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") [boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "Nestlé boycott") [Tesco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Tesco "Criticism of Tesco") \| \| Concepts \| [Child labour in cocoa production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production "Child labour in cocoa production") [Ethics of eating meat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat "Ethics of eating meat") [Fair trade](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade "Fair trade") [coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade_coffee "Fair trade coffee") [Fast food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food "Fast food") [criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_fast_food "Criticism of fast food") [Food safety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safety "Food safety") [Genetically modified food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food "Genetically modified food") ([controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_food_controversies "Genetically modified food controversies")) \| \| By country \| [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_China "Food safety incidents in China") [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_safety_incidents_in_Taiwan "Food safety incidents in Taiwan") \| \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| International \| [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/0000000100664948) [2](https://isni.org/isni/0000000123374409) [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/157382467) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/2070341-7) \| \| National \| [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no89000097) [France](https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119918512) [BnF data](https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119918512) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20030929005&CON_LNG=ENG) [2](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003200153&CON_LNG=ENG) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007590271805171) [Catalonia](https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513897206706) \| \| Other \| [Historical Dictionary of Switzerland](https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041776) [MusicBrainz label](https://musicbrainz.org/label/d9e2fbe5-978b-47f5-ab07-c13cf7c44831) [SNAC](https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w63z67k6) [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/3a2bc5e6-34ec-4ba1-8130-9296f1d424fe) \| [Portals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals "Wikipedia:Contents/Portals"): - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png) [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Switzerland "Portal:Switzerland") - [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg) [Food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Food "Portal:Food") - ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/20px-Industry5.svg.png) [Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Companies "Portal:Companies") ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nestlé&oldid=1348360636>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nestl%C3%A9 "Category:Nestlé") - [Confectionery companies of Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Confectionery_companies_of_Switzerland "Category:Confectionery companies of Switzerland") - 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[Food and drink companies established in 1866](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Food_and_drink_companies_established_in_1866 "Category:Food and drink companies established in 1866") - [1866 establishments in Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1866_establishments_in_Switzerland "Category:1866 establishments in Switzerland") - [British royal warrant holders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:British_royal_warrant_holders "Category:British royal warrant holders") - [Swiss confectionery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Swiss_confectionery "Category:Swiss confectionery") - [Companies based in Vaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Vaud "Category:Companies based in Vaud") - [Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Companies_listed_on_the_SIX_Swiss_Exchange "Category:Companies listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange") - [Medical food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Medical_food "Category:Medical food") - 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Readable Markdown	\| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Nestl%C3%A9.svg/250px-Nestl%C3%A9.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9.svg) \| \| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg/330px-Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A9%27s_Headquarters.jpeg)Headquarters in [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), Switzerland \| \| \| Formerly \| List [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company") (1866–1867) Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé (1867–1905) Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company (1905–1947) Nestlé Alimentana SA (1947–1977) \| \| Company type \| [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") \| \| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") \| [SIX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange "SIX Swiss Exchange"): [NESN](https://www.six-group.com/en/products-services/the-swiss-stock-exchange/market-data/news-tools/product-search.html?security=NESN) \| \| [ISIN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number "International Securities Identification Number") \| [CH0038863350](https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=CH0038863350) \| \| Industry \| [Food processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_processing "Food processing") \| \| Predecessor \| Hollandia [![Edit this on Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160746?uselang=en#P155 "Edit this on Wikidata") \| \| Founded \| 1866; 160 years ago (for the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company branch) \| \| Founder \| [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") (for the Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé branch) \| \| Headquarters \| [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), [Vaud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_of_Vaud "Canton of Vaud"), Switzerland \| \| Area served \| Worldwide \| \| Key people \| [Pablo Isla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Isla "Pablo Isla") ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman")) [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil") ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) [Dick Boer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Boer "Dick Boer") (vice chairman) \| \| Products \| [Baby food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food") [coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee "Coffee") [dairy products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_products "Dairy products") [breakfast cereals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereals "Breakfast cereals") [confectionery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confectionery "Confectionery") [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water") [ice cream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream "Ice cream") [pet foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_foods "Pet foods") [dietary supplements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_supplement "Dietary supplement") [protein supplements](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_supplement "Protein supplement") \| \| Brands \| [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") \| \| Revenue \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") 89.49 billion (2025) \| \| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 12.28 billion (2025) \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 9.033 billion (2025) \| \| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 127.2 billion (2025) \| \| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_$finance$ "Equity (finance)") \| ![Decrease](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/20px-Decrease2.svg.png) CHF 32.81 billion (2025) \| \| Number of employees \| 271,000 (2025) \| \| [Subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary "Subsidiary") \| [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide "Cereal Partners Worldwide") (50%) \| \| Website \| [nestle.com](http://nestle.com/) \| \| Footnotes / references [\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-FR2025-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Management-2) \| \| Nestlé S.A.[\[a\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-3) ( [NESS\-lay, -⁠lee, -⁠əl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key "Help:Pronunciation respelling key");[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-4)\[[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")\] French: [\[nɛsle\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/French "Help:IPA/French")) is a Swiss multinational food and drink processing conglomerate corporation headquartered in [Vevey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevey "Vevey"), Switzerland. It has been the largest publicly held food company in the world, measured by revenue and other metrics, since 2014.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-money.cnn.com-5)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-6)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-7) It ranked No. 64 on the [Fortune Global 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_Global_500 "Fortune Global 500") in 2017.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-8) In 2023, the company was ranked 50th in the [Forbes Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000").[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-9) Nestlé's products include coffee and tea, candy and confectionery, bottled water, [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") and [baby food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), [dairy products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product "Dairy product") and ice cream, frozen foods, breakfast cereals, dry packaged foods and snacks, [pet foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_food "Pet food"), and [medical food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_food "Medical food"). Twenty-nine of Nestlé's brands have annual sales of over 1 billion [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") (about [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")1\.1 billion),[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-10) including [Nespresso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespresso "Nespresso"), [Nescafé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9 "Nescafé"), [Nestea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea "Nestea"), [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties"), [Nesquik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesquik "Nesquik"), [Stouffer Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffer_Corporation "Stouffer Corporation"), [Vittel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittel_$water$ "Vittel (water)"), and [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi"). As of 2025, Nestlé has 335 factories, operates in 185 countries, and employs around 271,000 people.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) It is one of the main shareholders of [L'Oreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al "L'Oréal"), the world's largest cosmetics company.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-12) Nestlé was formed in 1905 by the merger of [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company"), which was established in 1866 by brothers [George Ham Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ham_Page "George Ham Page") and Charles Page, and "Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé" founded in 1867 by [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé").[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-13) The company grew significantly during [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I") and again following [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II"), expanding its offerings beyond its early [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk") and [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") products. The company has made a number of corporate acquisitions including [Findus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findus "Findus") in 1963, [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") in 1971, [Rowntree Mackintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree_Mackintosh_Confectionery "Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery") in 1988, [Klim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klim_$powdered_milk$ "Klim (powdered milk)") in 1998, and [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") in 2007. Nestlé has faced [longstanding criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") over its business practices. The company's promotion of infant formula in developing countries sparked [a boycott in the 1970s](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "1977 Nestlé boycott") for discouraging [breastfeeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding "Breastfeeding"). It has also been accused of benefiting from [child labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production "Child labour in cocoa production"), [forced labor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_labor "Forced labor"), and [deforestation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation "Deforestation") in West African cocoa production, fined for [price-fixing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price-fixing "Price-fixing") cartels and criticized for its [water extraction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_extraction "Water extraction") practices. History 1866–1900: Founding and early years [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Henry_Nestle.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Nestle.jpg) [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") (1814–1890), a German-born Swiss confectioner, was the founder of Nestlé and one of the main creators of [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk"). Nestlé's origin dates back to the 1860s, when two separate Swiss enterprises were founded that would later form Nestlé. In the following decades, the two competing enterprises expanded their businesses throughout [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe "Europe") and the [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States "United States").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-14) Timeline - 1866: Charles Page ([US consul to Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Diplomatic_relations "Switzerland–United States relations")) and [George Ham Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ham_Page "George Ham Page"), brothers from [Lee County, Illinois](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_County,_Illinois "Lee County, Illinois"), established the [Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_Company "Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company") in [Cham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland "Cham, Switzerland"), Switzerland. The company's first British operation was opened at [Chippenham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippenham "Chippenham"), Wiltshire in 1873.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-15)[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-16) - 1867: In Vevey, Switzerland, [Henri Nestlé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Nestl%C3%A9 "Henri Nestlé") developed milk-based baby food and soon began marketing it. The following year, [Daniel Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Peter "Daniel Peter") began seven years of work perfecting the [milk chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_chocolate "Types of chocolate") manufacturing process. Nestlé had the solution, Peter needed to fix his problem of removing all the water from the milk added to his chocolate, thus preventing the product from developing mildew. - 1875: Henri Nestlé retired; the company, under new ownership, retained his name as Société Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\][\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-17) - 1877: Anglo-Swiss added milk-based baby foods to its products; in the following year, the Nestlé Company added [condensed milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_milk "Condensed milk") to its portfolio, which made the firms direct rivals. - 1879: Nestlé merged with milk chocolate inventor Daniel Peter.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-18) - 1890: Henri Nestlé died. 1901–1989: Mergers In the late 19th and early 20th century, Henri Nestlé and his successors participated in the development of the [chocolate industry in Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_chocolate "Swiss chocolate"), together with the [Peter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%27s_Chocolate "Peter's Chocolate"), [Kohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolat_Kohler "Chocolat Kohler"), and [Cailler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailler "Cailler") families.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-19) In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler (son of [Charles-Amédée Kohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Kohler "Charles-Amédée Kohler") who founded a chocolate factory in 1830) became partners and founded the Société générale suisse des chocolats Peter et Kohler réunis. In 1911, the company created by Peter and Kohler merged with Cailler.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-20) Alexandre Cailler (grandson of [François-Louis Cailler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Louis_Cailler "François-Louis Cailler")) had founded a chocolate factory in [Broc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broc "Broc") in 1898, still used by Nestlé today; which enabled the production of milk chocolate on a large scale. In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler, Chocolats Suisses finally merged with the Nestlé group.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Chrystal-21)[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Industry-22) An earlier alliance in 1904 between Peter and Nestlé also allowed the production of milk chocolate in the United States, at the [Fulton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton,_Oswego_County,_New_York "Fulton, Oswego County, New York") plant.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-23) In 1905, Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss merged to become the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, retaining that name until 1947 when the name 'Nestlé Alimentana SA' was taken as a result of the acquisition of Fabrique de Produits [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi") SA (founded 1884) and its holding company, Alimentana SA, of Kempttal, Switzerland. The company's current name was adopted in 1977. By the early 1900s, the company was operating factories in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-24) The [First World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_World_War "First World War") created a demand for dairy products in the form of government contracts, and by the end of the war, Nestlé's production had more than doubled.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg/250px-Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestle_and_Anglo-Swiss_Condensed_Milk_1918.jpg) Certificate for 100 shares of the Nestlé and Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co., issued 1. November 1918 In January 1919, Nestlé bought two condensed milk plants in [Oregon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon "Oregon") from the company [Geibisch and Joplin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geibisch_and_Joplin "Geibisch and Joplin") for \$250,000. One was in [Bandon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandon,_Oregon "Bandon, Oregon"), while the other was in [Milwaukie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukie,_Oregon "Milwaukie, Oregon"). They expanded them considerably, processing 250,000 pounds of condensed milk daily in the Bandon plant.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-25) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg/250px-Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s%2C_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aleppo_Nestle_building_Tilal_street_1920s,_postcard_by_Wattar_brothers.jpg) Aleppo Nestlé building Tilal street 1920s After the [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I "World War I"), government contracts dried up, and consumers switched back to fresh milk. However, Nestlé's management responded quickly, streamlining operations and reducing debt. The 1920s saw Nestlé's first expansion into new products, with chocolate-manufacture becoming the company's second most important activity; [white chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkybar "Milkybar") was created in the following decade. Louis Dapples was CEO till 1937 when succeeded by [Édouard Muller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Muller_$Nestl%C3%A9$ "Édouard Muller (Nestlé)") till his death in 1948. Nestlé felt the effects of the [Second World War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II "World War II") immediately. Profits dropped from US\$20 million in 1938 to US\$6 million in 1939.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-26) Factories were established in developing countries, particularly in South America.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) Ironically, the war helped with the introduction of the company's newest product, [Nescafé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9 "Nescafé") ("Nestlé's Coffee"), which became a staple drink of the US military. Despite that, Nestlé actually supplied both sides in the war: the company had a contract to feed the German army. Nestlé's production and sales rose in the wartime economy.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:4-27) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Nestle_logo_1938.png/250px-Nestle_logo_1938.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestle_logo_1938.png) The logo that Nestlé used from 1938 to 1966[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-28) The end of World War II was the beginning of a dynamic phase for Nestlé. Growth accelerated and numerous companies were acquired. In 1947 Nestlé merged with [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi"), a manufacturer of seasonings and soups. [Crosse & Blackwell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosse_%26_Blackwell "Crosse & Blackwell") followed in 1960, as did [Findus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Findus "Findus") (1963), [Libby's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby%27s "Libby's") (1971), and [Stouffer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stouffer%27s "Stouffer's") (1973).[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) Diversification came under chairman & CEO [Pierre Liotard-Vogt](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Liotard-Vogt&action=edit&redlink=1 "Pierre Liotard-Vogt (page does not exist)") with a shareholding in [L'Oreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Or%C3%A9al "L'Oréal") in 1974 and the acquisition of [Alcon Laboratories Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") in 1977 for \$280 million.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ukessays.com-29) In the 1980s, Nestlé's improved bottom line allowed the company to launch further acquisitions. [Carnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnation_$trademark$ "Carnation (trademark)") was acquired for US\$3 billion in 1984 and brought the [evaporated milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk "Evaporated milk") brand, as well as [Coffee-Mate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee-Mate "Coffee-Mate") and [Friskies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friskies "Friskies"), to Nestlé. In 1986, the company founded [Nestlé Nespresso S.A.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nespresso "Nespresso") The British confectionery company [Rowntree Mackintosh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowntree%27s "Rowntree's") was acquired in 1988 for \$4.5 billion, which brought brands such as [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Rolo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolo "Rolo"), [Smarties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smarties "Smarties"), and [Aero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_$chocolate$ "Aero (chocolate)").[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-30) 1990–2011: International growth The first half of the 1990s proved to be favourable for Nestlé. Trade barriers crumbled, and world markets developed into more or less integrated trading areas. Late 1990s acquisitions included [San Pellegrino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.Pellegrino "S.Pellegrino") (1997), [D'Onofrio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Onofrio_$brand$ "D'Onofrio (brand)") (1997), and [Spillers Petfoods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillers "Spillers") (1998). In 1999, Nestlé sold the Findus brand to the Swedish firm [EQT AB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQT_AB "EQT AB").[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-31)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-32) In the early 2000s, acquisitions in North America included [Ralston Purina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralston_Purina "Ralston Purina") (2002), [Dreyer's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyer%27s "Dreyer's") ice cream, and a [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")2\.6 billion acquisition of [Chef America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_America "Chef America"), the creator of [Hot Pockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Pockets "Hot Pockets"). In this period, Nestlé entered in a joint bid with Cadbury and came close to purchasing the American company [Hershey's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company"), one of its fiercest confectionery competitors, but the deal eventually fell through.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-33) In December 2005, Nestlé bought the Greek company Delta Ice Cream for €240 million.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-34) In January 2006, it took full ownership of Dreyer's, thus becoming the world's largest ice cream maker, with a 17.5% market share.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-35) In June 2006, Nestlé purchased weight-loss company [Jenny Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. "Jenny Craig, Inc.") for US\$600 million.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-36) In July 2007, completing a deal announced the year before, Nestlé acquired the Medical Nutrition division of Novartis Pharmaceutical for US\$2.5 billion and also acquiring the milk-flavoring product known as [Ovaltine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovaltine "Ovaltine"), the "Boost" and "Resource" lines of nutritional supplements, and Optifast dieting products.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-37) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nestl%C3%A91.jpg/250px-Nestl%C3%A91.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestl%C3%A91.jpg) The Brazilian president, [Lula da Silva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lula_da_Silva "Lula da Silva"), inaugurates a factory in [Feira de Santana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feira_de_Santana "Feira de Santana") ([Bahia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahia "Bahia")), in February 2007. In April 2007, returning to its roots, Nestlé bought US baby-food manufacturer [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") for US\$5.5 billion.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-38)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-39)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-40) In December 2007, Nestlé entered into a strategic partnership with a Belgian chocolate maker, [Pierre Marcolini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Marcolini "Pierre Marcolini").[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-41) In late September 2008, the Hong Kong government found [melamine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melamine "Melamine") in a Chinese-made Nestlé milk product. Six infants died from kidney damage, and a further 860 babies were hospitalised.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick-42)[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-sick2-43) The following June, an [outbreak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreak "Outbreak") of [E. coli O157:H7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7 "Escherichia coli O157:H7") was linked to Nestlé's refrigerated [cookie dough](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie_dough "Cookie dough") originating in a plant in [Danville](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville,_Virginia "Danville, Virginia"), Virginia.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-44) Nestlé agreed to sell its controlling stake in [Alcon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcon "Alcon") to [Novartis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novartis "Novartis") on 4 January 2010. The sale was to form part of a broader US\$39.3 billion offer by Novartis, for full acquisition of the world's largest eye-care company.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-45) On March 2, 2010, Nestlé completed the purchase of [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods")'s North American frozen pizza business for US\$3.7 billion, which included brands such as [DiGiorno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DiGiorno "DiGiorno"), [Tombstone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone_$pizza$ "Tombstone (pizza)"), and [California Pizza Kitchen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Pizza_Kitchen "California Pizza Kitchen").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-46)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-47) Since 2010, Nestlé has been working to transform itself into a [nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition "Nutrition"), health and wellness company, in an effort to combat declining confectionery sales and the threat of expanding government regulation of such foods. This effort is being led through the Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences under the direction of Ed Baetge. The institute aims to develop "a new industry between food and pharmaceuticals" by creating foodstuffs with preventive and corrective health properties that would replace [pharmaceutical drugs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_drug "Pharmaceutical drug") from pill bottles. The Health Science branch has already produced several products, such as drinks and protein shakes meant to combat malnutrition, diabetes, digestive health, obesity, and other diseases.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-48) It acquired British pharmaceutical company Vitaflo, which makes clinical nutritional products for people with [genetic disorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder "Genetic disorder"), in August 2010.[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-49) In July 2011, Nestlé SA agreed to buy 60 percent of Hsu Fu Chi International Ltd. for about US\$1.7 billion.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-50) On 23 April 2012, Nestlé agreed to acquire [Pfizer Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer_Inc. "Pfizer Inc.")'s [infant-nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), formerly Wyeth Nutrition, unit for US\$11.9 billion, topping a joint bid from [Danone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone "Danone") and Mead Johnson.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-51)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-52)[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-53) 2012–present In recent years, Nestlé Health Science has made several acquisitions: CM\&D Pharma Ltd., a company that specialises in the development of products for patients with chronic conditions like kidney disease; and Prometheus Laboratories, a firm specialising in treatments for gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. It also holds a minority stake in Vital Foods, a New Zealand-based company that develops [kiwifruit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwifruit "Kiwifruit")\-based food products as of 2012.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-54) Nestlé sold its [Jenny Craig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Craig,_Inc. "Jenny Craig, Inc.") business unit to North Castle Partners in 2013.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-55) In February 2013, Nestlé Health Science bought Pamlab, which makes medical foods based on L-methylfolate targeting depression, diabetes, and memory loss.[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-56) In February 2014, Nestlé sold its PowerBar sports nutrition business to Post Holdings, Inc.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-57) Later, in November 2014, Nestlé announced that it was exploring strategic options for its frozen food subsidiary, Davigel.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-58) In December 2014, Nestlé announced that it was opening 10 skin care research centres worldwide, deepening its investment in a faster-growing market for healthcare products. That year, Nestlé spent about \$350 million on dermatology research and development. The first of the research hubs, Nestlé Skin Health Investigation, Education and Longevity Development (SHIELD) centres, will open mid 2015 in New York, followed by Hong Kong and São Paulo, and later others in North America, Asia, and Europe. The initiative is being launched in partnership with the Global Coalition on Aging (GCOA), a consortium that includes companies such as [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel") and [Bank of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America "Bank of America").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-59) In May 2015, food safety regulators from the state of [Uttar Pradesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh "Uttar Pradesh"), India, found that samples of [Nestlé India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_India "Nestlé India")'s [Maggi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggi "Maggi") noodles had up to 17 times more than the permissible safe amount of lead, in addition to [monosodium glutamate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate "Monosodium glutamate").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-60)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-NDTV-61)[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Sushmi_Dey-62) In January 2017, Nestlé announced that it was relocating its US headquarters from [Glendale, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glendale,_California "Glendale, California"), to [Rosslyn, Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosslyn,_Virginia "Rosslyn, Virginia"), outside of [Washington, DC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_DC "Washington, DC").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-63) In March 2017, Nestlé announced that they will lower the sugar content in [Kit Kat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Kat "Kit Kat"), [Yorkie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkie_$chocolate_bar$ "Yorkie (chocolate bar)") and [Aero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero_$chocolate$ "Aero (chocolate)") chocolate bars by 10% by 2018.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-64) In July, a similar announcement followed concerning the reduction of sugar content in its breakfast cereals in the UK.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-65) The company announced a \$20.8 billion share buyback in June 2017, following the publication of a letter written by [Third Point Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Point_Management "Third Point Management") founder [Daniel S. Loeb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_S._Loeb "Daniel S. Loeb"), Nestlé's fourth-largest stakeholder with a \$3.5 billion stake,[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-66) explaining how the firm should change its business structure.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) Consequently, the firm will reportedly focus investment on sectors such as coffee and pet care and will seek acquisitions in the consumer health-care industry.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:1-67) In 2016, Nestlé and [PAI Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAI_Partners "PAI Partners") establish a joint venture, [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri"), to combine the two companies' ice cream activities throughout Europe and other international countries.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-68) In March 2017, Nestlé and Coca-Cola agreed to dissolve the [Beverage Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage_Partners_Worldwide "Beverage Partners Worldwide") venture effective on January 1, 2018, in part because Nestlé wanted to expand [Nestea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestea "Nestea") on its own.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-ift-69) In July 2017, Nestlé introduced a new type of [infant formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_formula "Infant formula") in Spain, containing two [human milk oligosaccharides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_milk_oligosaccharide "Human milk oligosaccharide").[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-70) Oligosaccharides are the third most abundant components of breast milk with various health benefits, but previously were not part of infant formula. In September 2017, Nestlé S.A. acquired a majority stake of [Blue Bottle Coffee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bottle_Coffee "Blue Bottle Coffee").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-71) While the deal's financial details were not disclosed, the Financial Times reported "Nestlé is understood to be paying up to \$500m for the 68 per cent stake in Blue Bottle".[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-72) In September 2017, Nestlé USA agreed to acquire Sweet Earth, a California-based producer of plant-based foods, for an undisclosed sum.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-73) Nestlé set a new profit target in September 2017 and agreed to offload over 20 of its US candy brands in January 2018. However, sales grew only 2.4% in 2017, and as of July 2018, the share price declined more than 8%. While some suggestions were adopted, Loeb said in a July 2018 letter that the shifts are too small and too slow. In a statement, Nestlé wrote that it was "delivering results" and listed actions it had taken, including investing in key brands and its global coffee partnership with Starbucks. However, activist investors disagreed, leading Third Point Management to launch NestleNOW, a website to push its case with recommendations calling for change, accusing Nestlé of not being as fast, aggressive, or strategic as it needs to be. Activist investors called for Nestlé to divide into three units with distinct CEOs, regional structures, and marketing heads - beverage, nutrition, and grocery; spin off more businesses that do not fit its model such as ice cream, frozen foods, and confectionery; and add an outsider with expertise in the food and beverage industry to the board.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-74)[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-75) In January 2018, Nestlé USA announced it was selling its US confectionary business, including the [100 Grand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Grand_Bar "100 Grand Bar"), [BabyRuth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Ruth "Baby Ruth"), [Butterfinger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfinger "Butterfinger"), [OhHenry\!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_Henry! "Oh Henry!"), [Raisinets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate-covered_raisin "Chocolate-covered raisin") and [SnoCaps](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sno-Caps "Sno-Caps") to [Ferrara Candy Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrara_Candy_Company "Ferrara Candy Company"), an American-based chocolate and candy maker and [Ferrero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrero_SpA "Ferrero SpA")\-related company.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) The company was sold for a total of an estimated \$2.8 billion.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:2-76) In May 2018, it was announced that Nestlé and [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") struck a \$7.15 billion distribution deal, which allows Nestlé to market, sell and distribute Starbucks coffee globally and to incorporate the brand's coffee varieties into Nestlé's proprietary single-serve system, expanding the overseas markets for both companies.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-77) In September 2018, Nestlé announced that it would sell Gerber Life Insurance for \$1.55 billion.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-78)[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-79) In October 2018, Nestlé announced the launch of the Nestlé Alumni Network, through a strategic partnership with [SAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP_SE "SAP SE") & [EnterpriseAlumni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EnterpriseAlumni "EnterpriseAlumni"), to engage with their over 1 million [alumni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_Alumni "Corporate Alumni") globally.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-80) In 2019, the company announced that it would publish Nutri-Score on all of its products sold in the European countries that supported the nutritional label.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-81) In 2020, Nestlé USA's and Nestlé Canada's ice cream divisions were acquired by [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-82) Also during that year, Nestlé announced that the company wants to invest in plant-based food, starting with a "tuna salad" and meat-free products to engage and reach younger and vegan consumers.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-83) On 16 February 2021, Nestlé announced that it had agreed to sell its water brands in the US and Canada to One Rock Capital Partners and [Metropoulos & Co](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropoulos_%26_Co. "Metropoulos & Co."). The sale would include the spring water and mountain brands, the purified water brand and the delivery service. The plan did not include the Perrier, S.Pellegrino and Acqua Panna brands.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-84)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-85) In early April 2021, the sale was concluded.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-86) The [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") did not affect Nestlé negatively. Due to lockdowns, people bought more packaged foods, not only coffee and dairy products, but also pet products, which increased the company's sales. Nestlé recorded its strongest quarterly sales growth in 10 years.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-87) In April 2021, Nestlé agreed to purchase the vitamin manufacturing [Bountiful Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBTY "NBTY"), formerly known as The Nature's Bounty Co., for \$5.75 billion, noting as well that much of the company's\[[which?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words "Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words")\] growth that quarter came from "vitamins, minerals, and supplements that support health and the immune system". Bountiful's brands included Nature's Bounty, Solgar, Osteo Bi-Flex, and Puritan's Pride.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-88)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-89)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-90) In July 2021, Vitaflo International Ltd. (subsidiary to Nestlé Health Science since 2010) acquired the Dr. Schär brands, Mevalia and ComidaMed, which are used for the dietary management of IEM and cow's milk protein allergy to complement Vitaflo's existing IEM product portfolio.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-91) In January 2022, Nestlé announced that it would pay African cocoa farmers cash if they send their children to school.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-92) In May 2022, it was announced Nestlé's Health Science unit had acquired the [Brazilian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil "Brazil") organic, natural, plant-based food maker Puravida.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-93) In May 2022, Nestlé was sending baby formula supplies to the U.S. from European air bases to ease the [2022 United States infant formula shortage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_infant_formula_shortage "2022 United States infant formula shortage"). These relief shipments included products from the [Gerber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerber_Products_Company "Gerber Products Company") baby food formula brand from the [Netherlands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands "Netherlands") and Alfamino baby formula from [Switzerland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland").[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-94) In September 2023, it was announced Nestlé had acquired a majority stake in the [Extrema, Minas Gerais](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrema,_Minas_Gerais "Extrema, Minas Gerais")\-headquartered premium chocolate manufacturer, Grupo CRM for an undisclosed amount.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-95) Following the [2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine"), the company continued doing business in Russia; therefore in November 2023, Ukraine's [National Agency on Corruption Prevention](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_on_Corruption_Prevention "National Agency on Corruption Prevention") listed Nestlé as an [International Sponsor of War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War "International Sponsors of War"). Nestle stated that it had already "halted all non-essential imports and exports to and from Russia".[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-96) In February 2024, it was announced Nestle is expanding manufacturing capacity in [India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India "India") and increasing investments — the company will invest between [₹](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupee "Indian rupee")60-65 billion (\$723–783 million) from 2020 to 2025.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-97) Nestlé announced Schneider would leave his position as CEO and be replaced by [Laurent Freixe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Freixe "Laurent Freixe") on September 1, 2024.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-98) In May 2025, Nestlé acquired an minority stake in Drools Pet Food in India.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-99) In September 2025, Nestlé announced the immediate dismissal of its chief executive, Laurent Freixe, following an investigation by its board that found he had an undisclosed romantic relationship with an employee.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) The company's board initially launched an investigation following allegations of a relationship between Freixe and a direct report emerged in spring 2025 through an internal company hotline.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) That investigation was inconclusive, but following persistent allegations that followed, the board began a second investigation which was led by the company's chair, senior independent director and an external firm.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) After the investigation found a relationship took place, which Freixe initially denied, Freixe was dismissed by the board which concluded the relationship was in breach of its code of business conduct.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Freixe did not receive any remuneration on exit.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Following the dismissal of Freixe, Nestlé appointed [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil") as its new chief executive saying "the board is confident that he will drive our growth plans forward and accelerate efficiency efforts.".[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) Navratil has held several positions across the company after joining in 2001.[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:3-100) In September 2025, Nestlé announced [Bulcke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bulcke "Paul Bulcke") would leave his position as chairman of the board at the end of September, six months earlier than planned, as part of an accelerated management transition.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-101) In October 2025, Nestlé announced it would cut 16,000 jobs and assess the possibility of selling some of its 2,000-plus brands.[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-102) On 18 December 2025, Nestle announced[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-103) the expansion of its Materna range, designed to support the post-birth recovery of mothers.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cns-media-104) This is built on the existing range which was introduced in 2024 to support women's health including pre-conception.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-105) In January 2026, Nestle recalled infant formula products sold in Europe, Turkey and Argentina due to potential [cereulide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereulide "Cereulide") toxin contamination. [Austria's health ministry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs,_Health,_Care_and_Consumer_Protection "Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection") described the recall as the largest recall in Nestle's history.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuters-recall-106) By 9 January, the recall had expanded to 49 countries in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South America.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-107) In March 2026, Nestle reached an agreement to sell Blue Bottle Coffee to [Centurium Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centurium_Capital "Centurium Capital"). At the time, Blue Bottle Coffee was operating at a loss.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-108) Corporate affairs and governance [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/1812_North_Moore.jpg/250px-1812_North_Moore.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1812_North_Moore.jpg) Nestlé USA headquarters at [1812 N Moore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1812_N_Moore "1812 N Moore") in [Arlington, Virginia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia "Arlington County, Virginia") [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg/250px-Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kobe_Nestle_Japan_HQ02ss3000.jpg) Nestlé Japan headquarters in Nestlé House building, [Kobe, Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobe,_Japan "Kobe, Japan") Nestlé is the biggest food company in the world, with a market capitalisation of roughly 203 billion Swiss francs as of December 2025.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Forbes-109) Nestlé has a primary listing on the [SIX Swiss Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIX_Swiss_Exchange "SIX Swiss Exchange") and is a constituent of the [Swiss Market Index](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Market_Index "Swiss Market Index"). It previously had a secondary listing on [Euronext](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euronext "Euronext"). In 2025, consolidated sales were [CHF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_franc "Swiss franc") 89.49 billion and net profit was CHF 9.03 billion. [Research and development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development") investment was CHF 1.61 billion.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - Sales per category in CHF[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - 28\.1% powdered and liquid beverages - 10\.8% milk products and ice cream - 11\.3% prepared dishes and cooking aids - 16\.0% nutrition and health science - 20\.6% pet care - 9\.7% confectionery - 3\.5% water - Percentage of sales by geographic area breakdown[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) - 48% from Americas - 25% from Europe - 27% from Asia, Oceania and Africa According to a 2015 global survey of online consumers by the Reputation Institute, Nestlé has a reputation score of 74.5 on a scale of 1 to 100.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-110) Financial data \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| Year \| 2011 \| 2012 \| 2013 \| 2014 \| 2015 \| 2016 \| 2017 \| 2018 \| 2019 \| 2020 \| 2021 \| 2022 \| 2023 \| 2024 \| 2025 \| \| [Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue") \| 83\.642 \| 92\.186 \| 92\.158 \| 91\.612 \| 88\.785 \| 89\.469 \| 89\.791 \| 91\.439 \| 92\.568 \| 84\.343 \| 87\.088 \| 94\.780 \| 93\.351 \| 91\.720 \| 89\.490 \| \| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") \| 9\.487 \| 10\.611 \| 10\.015 \| 14\.456 \| 9\.066 \| 8\.531 \| 7\.183 \| 10\.135 \| 12\.609 \| 12\.232 \| 17\.196 \| 9\.270 \| 11\.209 \| 10\.884 \| 9\.033 \| \| [Assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") \| 114\.091 \| 126\.229 \| 120\.442 \| 133\.450 \| 123\.992 \| 131\.901 \| 130\.380 \| 137\.015 \| 127\.940 \| 124\.028 \| 139\.142 \| 135\.182 \| 126\.550 \| 139\.264 \| 127\.151 \| \| Employees \| 328,000 \| 339,000 \| 333,000 \| 339,000 \| 335,000 \| 328,000 \| 323,000 \| 308,000 \| 291,000 \| 273,000 \| 276,000 \| \| 275,000 \| 277,000 \| 271\.000 \| Capital ownership of Nestlé by country of origin as of 2023:[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-112) 1. Switzerland (46.6%) 2. United States (31.2%) 3. All others (22.2%) Joint ventures Important joint ventures include: - [Cereal Partners Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_Partners_Worldwide "Cereal Partners Worldwide") with [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills") for cereals (50%/50%)[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-113) - [Froneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froneri "Froneri") with [PAI Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAI_Partners "PAI Partners") for ice cream (50%/50%)[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-114) - Nestlé with PAI Partners for frozen pizzas in Europe[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-115) - Nestlé with [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") global licensing agreement for consumer packaged goods, in particular coffee outside of Starbucks Cafés[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-116) - Lactalis Nestlé Produits Frais with [Lactalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis "Lactalis") (40%/60%)[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-117) - Nestlé Indofood Citarasa Indonesia with [Indofood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indofood "Indofood") (50%/50%)[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-118) - Nestlé Snow with [Snow Brand Milk Products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Brand_Milk_Products "Snow Brand Milk Products") (50%/50%)[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-119) - Nestlé Modelo with [Grupo Modelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_Modelo "Grupo Modelo") for distribution of bottled water[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-120) CEO Chief executive officer:[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-121) - 1981-1997 : [Helmut Maucher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Maucher "Helmut Maucher"); - 1997-2008 : [Peter Brabeck-Letmathe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Brabeck-Letmathe "Peter Brabeck-Letmathe"); - 2008-2016 : [Paul Bulcke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Bulcke "Paul Bulcke"); - 2017-2024 : [Ulf Mark Schneider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Mark_Schneider "Ulf Mark Schneider"); - 2024-2025 : [Laurent Freixe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Freixe "Laurent Freixe"); - 2025–present: [Philipp Navratil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Navratil "Philipp Navratil"). Board of directors As of 2025, the board is composed of: - [Pablo Isla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Isla "Pablo Isla"), chairman - Dick Boer, Vice Chair, Lead Independent Director, former president and CEO, Ahold Delhaize N.V. - Marie-Gabrielle Ineichen-Fleisch, Vice Chair, former Director of the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) - Renato Fassbind, former CEO of DKSH and former CFO of [Credit Suisse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_Suisse "Credit Suisse") - [Patrick Aebischer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Aebischer "Patrick Aebischer"), former president of [École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_de_Lausanne "École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne") - Dinesh Paliwal, former president and CEO, Harman International Industries Inc. - Lindiwe M. Sibanda, Professor Extraordinary, University of Pretoria, RSA - Luca Maestri, Vice President, Corporate Services, Apple Inc. - Chris Leong, Chief Marketing and Innovation Officer, Ecolab Inc. - Rainer Blair, President and CEO, Danaher Corporation - Geraldine Matchett, former Co-Chief Executive Officer and CFO, DSM-Firmenich[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2025-11) Lobbying The company engages third party lobbying firms to engage with parliaments and governments in various jurisdictions. For example, in South Australia the company engages Etched Communications.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-122) In the US, Nestlé has a strong influence in Washington, D.C. From 2015 to 2020 their average spend on lobbying was \$1,951,667 each year.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-123) Brands [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG/250px-Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Samples_of_Nestle_Toll_House_Cafe.JPG) Samples of Nestlé Toll House Cafe items in 2012 Nestlé currently has over 2,000 brands[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-124)[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-125) with a wide range of products across a number of markets, including coffee, [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water"), [milkshakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkshake "Milkshake") and other [beverages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverages "Beverages"), [breakfast cereals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereal "Breakfast cereal"), [infant foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_food "Baby food"), [performance and healthcare nutrition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_nutrition "Sports nutrition"), [seasonings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasoning "Seasoning"), [soups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soup "Soup") and [sauces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauces "Sauces"), frozen and refrigerated foods, and [pet food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_food "Pet food").[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-AR2014-126) In 2019, the company entered the plant-based food production business with its Incredible and Awesome Burgers (under the Garden Gourmet and Sweet Earth brands). In 2020, Nestlé announced additional [plant-based products including soy-based bratwurst and chorizo-like sausages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_alternative "Meat alternative").[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-127) Music and entertainment In 1993, plans were made to update and modernise the overall tone of [Walt Disney's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_World "Walt Disney World") [EPCOT Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epcot "Epcot"), including a major refurbishment of [The Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Land_$Epcot$ "The Land (Epcot)") pavilion. [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods") withdrew its sponsorship on 26 September 1993, with Nestlé taking its place. Co-financed by Nestlé and the Walt Disney World Resort, a gradual refurbishment of the pavilion began on 27 September 1993.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-128) In 2003, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of The Land; however, it was under agreement that Nestlé would oversee its own refurbishment to both the interior and exterior of the pavilion. Between 2004 and 2005, the pavilion underwent its second major refurbishment. Nestlé stopped sponsoring The Land in 2009.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-129) On 5 August 2010, Nestlé and the [Beijing Music Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Pop_Festival "Beijing Pop Festival") signed an agreement to extend by three years Nestlé's sponsorship of this international music festival. Nestlé has been an extended sponsor of the Beijing Music Festival for 11 years since 2000. The new agreement will continue the partnership through 2013.[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-130) Nestlé has partnered the [Salzburg Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg_Festival "Salzburg Festival") in Austria for 20 years. In 2011, Nestlé renewed its sponsorship of the [Salzburg Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg_Festival "Salzburg Festival") until 2015.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-131) Together, they have created the "Nestlé and Salzburg Festival Young Conductors Award", an initiative that aims to discover young conductors globally and to contribute to the development of their careers.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-132) Sports Nestlé's sponsorship of the [Tour de France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour_de_France "Tour de France") began in 2001 and the agreement was extended in 2004, a move which demonstrated the company's interest in the Tour. In July 2009, [Nestlé Waters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Waters "Nestlé Waters") and the organisers of the Tour de France announced that their partnership will continue until 2013. The main promotional benefits of this partnership will spread on four key brands from Nestlé's product portfolio: Vittel, Powerbar, Nesquik, or Ricore.[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-133) On 27 January 2012, the [International Association of Athletics Federations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Association_of_Athletics_Federations "International Association of Athletics Federations") announced that Nestlé will be the main sponsor for the further development of IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programme, which is one of the biggest grassroots development programmes in the world of sports. The five-year sponsorship started in January 2012.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-134) On 11 February 2016, Nestlé decided to withdraw its sponsorship of the IAAF's Kids' Athletics Programmes because of [doping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doping_in_sport "Doping in sport") and corruption allegations against the IAAF. Nestlé followed suit after other large sponsors, including [Adidas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas "Adidas"), also stopped supporting the IAAF.[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-135) In 2014, Nestlé Waters sponsored the UK leg of the Tour de France through its Buxton Natural Mineral Water brand.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-136) In 2002, Nestlé announced it was main sponsor for the [Great Britain Lionesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_rugby_league_team "Great Britain women's national rugby league team") [Women's rugby league](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_rugby_league "Women's rugby league") team for the team's second tour of Australia with its [Munchies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchies_$confectionery$ "Munchies (confectionery)") product.[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-137) Nestlé supports the [Australian Institute of Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Sport "Australian Institute of Sport") (AIS) on a number of nutrition and fitness fronts, funding a Fellowship position in AIS Sports Nutrition; nutrition activities in the AIS Dining Hall; research activities; and the development of education resources for use at the AIS and in the public domain.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-138) Corporate initiatives In March 2011, Nestlé became the first infant formula company to meet the FTSE4Good Index criteria in full.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-139) In 2021, recycling startup, Carbios, released a press release that showed a prototype of a food-grade PET plastic bottle made from enzymatically recycled plastic. The press release said Nestle (along with other companies) could manufacture these bottles using the Carbios technology. As of September 2024, however, it is unclear whether Nestle ever transitioned to these recycled materials beyond the prototype.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-140)[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-141) Nestlé created the Creating Shared Value Prize, which is awarded every other year with the aim of rewarding the best examples of CSV initiatives worldwide and to encourage other companies to adopt a shared value approach. These initiatives should take a business-oriented approach in addressing challenges in nutrition, water or rural development. The winner can win up to CHF 500,000. Nestlé was an early mover in the shared value space and hosts a global forum, the Creating Shared Value Global Forum.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-142)[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-143) Rural Development Framework program: In 2012, Nestlé developed the Rural Development Framework, which supports farmers and cocoa growing communities.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-144) It is an investment program aimed at improving infrastructure, increasing access to safe water, address financing and market efficiency gaps, and improving labor conditions.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-145) Awards \| Year \| Brand \| Award \| Result \| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \| 2010 \| [Nestlé Purina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Purina_PetCare "Nestlé Purina PetCare") \| [Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Baldrige_National_Quality_Award "Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award") \| Won \| \| 2010 \| N/a \| [IUoFST](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Food_Science_and_Technology "International Union of Food Science and Technology") Gold Food Industry Award[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-146) \| Won \| \| 2011 \| N/a \| World Environment Center Gold Medal Award \| Won \| \| 2014 \| N/a \| Henry Spira Corporate Progress Award \| Won \| Controversies The company has been associated with [various controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé"), facing criticism and [boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott "Boycott") over its marketing of baby formula as an alternative to [breastfeeding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastfeeding "Breastfeeding") in developing countries (where clean water may be scarce), its reliance on suppliers that use [child labour in cocoa production](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production "Child labour in cocoa production"), and its production and promotion of [bottled water](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottled_water "Bottled water"). Nestlé is involved in many significant controversies due to its reported involvement with - incidents of contaminated and infested food products, - actively spreading disinformation about recycling, - illegal water-pumping from drought-stricken Native American reservations, - preventing access to non-bottled water in impoverished countries, - price fixing, - slave labor, - child labor, - extensive union-busting activity, and - deforestation. Baby formula marketing Concern about Nestlé's "aggressive marketing" of their [breast milk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk "Breast milk") substitutes, particularly in [less economically developed countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_country "Developing country") (LEDCs), first arose in the 1970s.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-147) Critics have accused Nestlé of discouraging mothers from breastfeeding and suggesting that their baby formula is healthier than breastfeeding.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-148) This led to the [1977 Nestlé boycott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Nestl%C3%A9_boycott "1977 Nestlé boycott") in the United States and Europe.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Moorhead-149)[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-150) Slave labour and child labour Multiple reports have documented the widespread use of [child labour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour "Child labour") as well as [slavery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery "Slavery") and [child trafficking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trafficking_of_children "Trafficking of children") by [cocoa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao "Theobroma cacao") suppliers, throughout [West African](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa "West Africa") plantations, on which Nestlé and other major chocolate companies rely.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-Raghavan1-151)[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-combating-152)[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-153)[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-chocolate_slavery-154)[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-accuses_companies-155) Environment Climate change In 2025, Nestlé was criticized by environmental researchers at NewClimate Institute and Carbon Market Watch for overstating its progress on reducing [methane emissions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_emissions "Methane emissions") from livestock and fertilizer and overrelying on [greenhouse gas removal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_removal "Greenhouse gas removal") rather than source reduction.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-156) Nestlé responded that 91% of its reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2024 was due to source reduction, and that it had reduced methane emissions significantly since 2018.[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-157) Water At the second [World Water Forum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Water_Forum "World Water Forum") in 2000, Nestlé and other corporations persuaded the [World Water Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Water_Council "World Water Council") to change its statement so as to reduce access to drinking water from a "right" to a "need". Nestlé continues to take control of [aquifers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer "Aquifer") and bottle their water for profit.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-158) A coalition of environmental groups filed a complaint against Nestlé to the [Advertising Standards of Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Canada "Advertising Standards Canada") after Nestlé took out full-page advertisements in October 2008 with messages stating, "Most water bottles avoid landfill sites and are recycled", "[Nestlé Pure Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Pure_Life "Nestlé Pure Life") is a healthy, eco-friendly choice", and, "Bottled water is the most environmentally responsible consumer product in the world."[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-cbc-159)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-polaris-160)[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-reuter-161)\[[needs update](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] Animal welfare In 2018, Nestlé pledged to abide by the "[Better Chicken Commitment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Chicken_Commitment "Better Chicken Commitment")", which involved committing to a range of improved welfare practices for chicken procured for use in Nestlé food products.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-162)[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) However, a 2025 review from [Compassion in World Farming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compassion_in_World_Farming "Compassion in World Farming") listed that the company was not providing updates on progress towards complying with its 2018 pledge.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-164) In 2024, Nestle reported that 74.4% of its eggs are sourced from [cage-free](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage-free "Cage-free") suppliers, slightly down from 76.3% in 2021.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-:0-163) Turkey boycott In 2024, the [Grand National Assembly of Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey "Grand National Assembly of Turkey") announced that Nestlé products (as well as some other products) will not be sold in restaurants, cafeterias and tea houses in the parliament campus. They said that this was a response to the manufacturers' support for Israel.[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_note-165) See also - [Big Chocolate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Chocolate "Big Chocolate") - [Controversies of Nestle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_of_Nestl%C3%A9 "Controversies of Nestlé") - [Farfel the Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farfel_the_Dog "Farfel the Dog") - [List of Nestlé brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nestl%C3%A9_brands "List of Nestlé brands") - [Nestlé Smarties Book Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Smarties_Book_Prize "Nestlé Smarties Book Prize") - [Nestlé Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9_Tower "Nestlé Tower") - [Ultra-processed food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-processed_food "Ultra-processed food") Competitors - [Coca-Cola Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company "The Coca-Cola Company") - [Danone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danone "Danone") - [Ferrero SpA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrero_SpA "Ferrero SpA") - [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills") - [The Hershey Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company") - [Highland Spring](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland_Spring "Highland Spring") - [Kellogg's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kellogg%27s "Kellogg's") - [Kraft Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Heinz "Kraft Heinz") - [Lactalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactalis "Lactalis") - [Mars, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Inc. "Mars Inc.") - [Mondelez International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondelez_International "Mondelez International") - [Müller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCller_$company$ "Müller (company)") - [PepsiCo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PepsiCo "PepsiCo") - [Post Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_Holdings "Post Holdings") - [Unilever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unilever "Unilever") Explanatory notes 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-3) Not to be confused with Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., the group's [intellectual property](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_property "Intellectual property")\-holding subsidiary References 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-FR2025_1-0) ["Financial Statements 2025"](https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 18 February 2026. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20260303074609/https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/financial-statements-2025-en.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2026. Retrieved 3 March 2026. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Management_2-0) ["Management"](http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/management). Nestlé. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170601032700/http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/management) from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-4) ["1978 Milky Bar commercial"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs). [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube") (published 31 August 2012). 1978. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220507150555/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=917U_h8pIDs&gl=US&hl=en) from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 7 May 2022. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-money.cnn.com_5-0) ["Nestlé's Brabeck: We have a 'huge advantage' over big pharma in creating medical foods"](https://money.cnn.com/2011/04/01/news/companies/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune/index.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140410191138/http://money.cnn.com/2011/04/01/news/companies/nestle_brabeck_medical_foods.fortune/index.htm) 10 April 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"), CNN Money, 1 April 2011 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-6) ["Nestlé: The unrepentant chocolatier"](https://www.economist.com/briefing/2009/10/29/the-unrepentant-chocolatier) , The Economist, 29 October 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-7) ["Nestlé tops list of largest food companies in the world"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2017/05/24/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape/#6ef7ec6e3a69). Forbes. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171026055803/https://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2017/05/24/worlds-largest-food-and-beverage-companies-2017-nestle-pepsi-and-coca-cola-dominate-the-landscape/#6ef7ec6e3a69) from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-8) ["Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It"](http://fortune.com/global500/list/filtered?searchByName=nestle). Fortune. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180130145530/http://fortune.com/global500/list/filtered?searchByName=nestle) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-9) ["The Global 2000 2023"](https://web.archive.org/web/20240129031905/https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=4f5ab07e5ac0). Forbes. Archived from [the original](https://www.forbes.com/lists/global2000/?sh=51d599675ac0) on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-10) ["Nestlé: Tailoring products to local niches"](https://money.cnn.com/2010/07/02/news/companies/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune/index.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111209162213/http://money.cnn.com/2010/07/02/news/companies/nestle_refreshes_brand.fortune/index.htm) 9 December 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") CNN, 2 July 2010. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-AR2025_11-4) ["Annual Review 2025"](https://www.nestle.com/sites/default/files/2026-02/annual-review-2025-en.pdf) (PDF). Nestlé. 2026. Retrieved 28 March 2026. `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: url-status ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status "Category:CS1 maint: url-status")) 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-12)* ["Nestlé to Decide on L’Oreal in 2014, Chairman Brabeck Says"](https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-14/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140708193833/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-14/nestle-to-decide-on-l-oreal-stake-in-2014-chairman-brabeck-says.html) 8 July 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"). Bloomberg, 14 April 2011 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-13) ["The History of Nestlé"](https://www.cleverism.com/the-history-of-nestle/). Cleverism. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180525204658/https://www.cleverism.com/the-history-of-nestle/) from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-14) Mowbray, Sean (13 May 2017). ["A Brief History of the Nestlé Brand"](https://theculturetrip.com/europe/switzerland/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand/). Culture Trip. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804123428/https://theculturetrip.com/europe/switzerland/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-nestle-brand/) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-15) ['Other industries', A History of the County of Wiltshire](http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111121140334/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=102814) 21 November 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine"): Volume 4 (1959), pp. 220–253. Retrieved 14 August 2010 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-16) ["Nestle SA \\| History, Headquarters, & Subsidiaries"](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA). Encyclopedia Britannica. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804133805/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nestle-SA) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-17) ["Henri Nestlé: the man behind the global enterprise \\| House of Switzerland"](http://houseofswitzerland.org/swissstories/history/henri-nestle-man-behind-global-enterprise). houseofswitzerland.org. 17 September 2018. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-18) Stradley, Linda (3 November 2015). ["Milk Chocolate History"](https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm). What's Cooking America. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191212054953/https://whatscookingamerica.net/History/MilkChocolate.htm) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 18. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-19) HPatrick (3 January 2016). ["Swiss Chocolate Brands"](http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151016215428/http://www.the-soft-drinks.com/chocolate-switzerland.html) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-20) ["About Cailler"](https://cailler.ch/en/about). Cailler. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220524210327/https://cailler.ch/en/about) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2022. "1911: As the chocolate industry booms, the companies Peter (managed by Daniel Peter) and Kohler, which were already partners, merge with Cailler." 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Chrystal_21-0) Chrystal, Paul (2021). "The Cocoa and Chocolate Competition at the Start of the Twentieth Century". [Rowntree's – The Early History](https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ). [Pen and Sword Books](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen_and_Sword_Books "Pen and Sword Books"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9781526778901](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781526778901 "Special:BookSources/9781526778901") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=qjgxEAAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "In 1904, Daniel Peter and Charles-Amédée Kohler became partners and founded the company Société Générale Suisse de Chocolats Peter et Kohler Réunis. \[...\] In 1929, Peter, Cailler, Kohler and Chocolats Suisses S. A. all merged with the Nestlé group." 21. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-Industry_22-0) [Candy and Snack Industry: Volume 145, Issues 1-6](https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ). Magazines for Industry, Incorporated. 1980. pp. 28–29\. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=18NaAAAAYAAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "The Nestlé S.A. facility in Broc, Switzerland, is steeped in the tradition of fine chocolate manufacturing as a company that has played an important part in industry history. \[...\] Cailler brand and his signature is still embossed on chocolate. In Switzerland, Cailler is the leading chocolate brand. Charles-Amedee Kohler (1790-1874) began producing chocolate in 1830. The Kohler firm later merged with that of Daniel Peter. Daniel Peter (1836-1919), who became the son-in-law of Francois Louis Cailler, assured his place in chocolate industry history with his invention in 1875 of milk chocolate. Henri Nestlé had first become an important manufacturer of milk products. Among his accomplishments was the development of a process to produce condensed milk which would be used in the making of milk chocolate. It wasn't until 1929 that these pioneering companies agreed to merge, but the plant at Broc had been built by the Cailler family in 1898. The selection of a site in Broc was made deliberately to locate it in Switzerland's picturesque Gruyere region, renowned for its fine milk production." 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-23) Lacey, Darlene (2013). [Classic Candy: America's Favorite Sweets, 1950–80](https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 16. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_$identifier$ "ISBN (identifier)") [9780747813651](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780747813651 "Special:BookSources/9780747813651") . [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230828084812/https://books.google.com/books?id=_Q_DCwAAQBAJ) from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2022. "In 1899, the people of Fulton, New York, saw the potential of this \[milk chocolate\] industry and raised money to purchase land for a Peter's Chocolate manufacturing plant. In 1904, Peter's Chocolate and Nestle formed an alliance, and Nestle's domestic production began." 23. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-24) ["History of Nestlé"](https://www.englishteastore.com/nestle-history.html). www.englishteastore.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804124845/https://www.englishteastore.com/nestle-history.html) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-25) Blakely, Joe (2003). "Oregon Places: The Nestlé Condensary in Bandon". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 104 (4). Oregon Historical Society: 566–577\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_$identifier$ "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1353/ohq.2003.0004](https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fohq.2003.0004). [JSTOR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_$identifier$ "JSTOR (identifier)") [20615370](https://www.jstor.org/stable/20615370). [S2CID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_$identifier$ "S2CID (identifier)") [245852881](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245852881). 25. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-26) ["1938 - 1944"](https://www.nestle-cwa.com/en/aboutus/history/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.). nestle-cwa.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230509191143/https://www.nestle-cwa.com/en/aboutus/history/history4#:~:text=The%20effects%20of%20the%20onset,to%20offices%20in%20Stamford%2C%20Connecticut.) from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 9 May 2023. 26. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-:4_27-1) Owles, Eric (27 June 2017). ["How Nestlé Expanded Beyond the Kitchen"](https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/business/dealbook/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200926163812/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/business/dealbook/nestle-chocolate-milk-coffee-history.html) from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-28)* ["The Nestlé logo evolution"](https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/logo-evolution). Nestle.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190225103102/https://www.nestle.com/aboutus/history/logo-evolution) from the original on 25 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019. 28. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-ukessays.com_29-1) ["Nestle International Mergers And Acquisitions Management Essay"](https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php). UKEssays.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200804170217/https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/nestle-international-mergers-and-acquisitions-management-essay.php) from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-30)* Ap (24 June 1988). ["Rowntree Accepts Bid By Nestle"](https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html). The New York Times. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_$identifier$ "ISSN (identifier)") [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200303230109/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/business/rowntree-accepts-bid-by-nestle.html) from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020. 30. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-31) ["Swedish keen to fish Findus from plughole"](http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5245/is_7401_222/ai_n28750359/). BNET. 17 April 1999. Retrieved 13 January 2011. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-32) ["A\&O and CC advise on Nestle Findus sell-off"](http://www.thelawyer.com/ao-and-cc-advise-on-nestle-findus-sell-off/87641.article). The Lawyer. 25 October 1999. Retrieved 9 February 2013. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestl%C3%A9#cite_ref-33) ["The inside story of the Cadbury takeover"](https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/1e5450d2-2be5-11df-8033-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3PhCW9iAy). Financial Times. 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