🕷️ Crawler Inspector

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Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa141)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market","crawl_time":1754881643,"first_indexed_time":0,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Namdaemun Market - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"Traditional market in Seoul, South Korea Namdaemun Market  ( Korean :  남대문시장 ;  Hanja :  南大門市場 ) is a large traditional  market  in  Seoul , South Korea. It is located next to  Namdaemun , the main southern gate to the old city. [ 2 ]  The market is among the oldest extant markets in Korea, having opened during the  Joseon  period in 1414.\n The market's character, location, and size have all changed over time. Amidst Joseon's  isolationism  in the 16th and 17th centuries, the market was limited to mostly Korean customers and merchants. This persisted until the  Empire of Japan  forcefully opened Korea in the  Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 . Afterwards, nearly half of the merchants became either ethnic Chinese or Japanese merchants. During the 1910–1945  Japanese colonial period , the market survived a number of attempts by the Japanese colonial government to shut it down. The market was destroyed a number of times over time by accidental fires, including one during the 1950–1953  Korean War . Each time it was destroyed, it was rebuilt to roughly the same size and status it had previously operated under.\n Today the market has been modernized, although it retains much of its bustling character. It is largely jointly owned by a collective of the merchants who operate within it. According to the Seoul Institute, it contained 5,200 stores, had 9,090 workers, and had an area of 64,612 m 2  (695,480 sq ft) as of 2016 [update] . [ 3 ] Creation of the market [ edit ] In 1394, shortly after the establishment of the  Joseon  dynasty, King  Taejo  made Seoul the capital city. The government set about redesigning the city according to principles set out in the Chinese bureaucratic text  Rites of Zhou . They managed to place buildings like the royal palace  Gyeongbokgung  and the altar  Sajikdan  according to the book. However, the book dictated that markets should be placed north of the royal palace. As there was not much space between the royal palace and the mountain just north of the palace,  Bugaksan , they decided to place markets elsewhere. [ 4 ] A market roughly in the same area as the current Namdaemun Market finished construction in September 1414, during the reign of King  Taejong . It was one of four market construction projects that occurred in the city between 1412 and 1414. A government-licensed shop that specialized in importing silks ( 선전 ;  縇廛 ;  seonjeon ) was the first to open in the market. Soon afterwards followed a large number of government-licensed shops ( 시전행랑 ;  市廛行廊 ;  sijeon haengrang ) that sold a variety of items, but mostly clothing, food, and household items. [ 5 ] During the 1592–1598  Japanese invasions , 1627  Later Jin invasion , and the 1636  Qing invasion , activity in the market slowed. In the aftermath of these invasions, activity rapidly picked back up, as farmers fled from the countryside and sought opportunities in the capital. Around this time, the market became one of the three largest markets in the city. [ 6 ]  It mostly operated early in the mornings, so people could buy needed supplies for the day. [ 7 ] Joseon operated under a policy of  isolationism  after these invasions, and foreigners were relatively uncommon in the markets. However, after Japan forced Joseon to open its ports in the  Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 , the number of international traders and shops rapidly increased. Chinese traders went from 99 in 1883 to 1,254 in 1893, Chinese-run shops went from 19 to 142, and 71 Japanese merchants in 1885 rose to 625 by 1890. Local merchants protested against this foreign competition, but nothing could be done. [ 8 ] Beginning in 1896, the  Korean Empire  (the successor to Joseon) government began efforts to rapidly modernize the country and Seoul. Due to numerous construction projects, a number of shops in the area were displaced, and by January 1897, a number of them moved into a building formerly used for distributing grain to the public ( 상평창 ;  常平倉 ;  Sangpyeongchang ;  lit.  Ever-normal Granary) and began selling there. This market is considered a clear predecessor to Namdaemun Market. In contrast to other previous markets, it operated throughout the day. [ 9 ] A photo of a predecessor to Namdaemun Market, taken around 1902–1903 by Italian diplomat to Korea  Carlo Rossetti . [ 10 ] The markets inside the former granary did not pay taxes until 1899. Taxes were first collected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, and then by the Office of Crown Property in 1901. By 1907, around 250 to 300 merchants operated inside the building. Roughly 50% were Korean, 30% Japanese, and 20% Chinese. According to 1909 research conducted by the Ministry of Finance, daily transactions amounted to 934,035  won . [ 11 ] Japanese colonial period [ edit ] From 1910 to 1945, Korea was a colony of the  Empire of Japan . In 1911, a significant fire destroyed much of the market. [ 12 ]  Despite this, the market was the largest in the city around this time, with a total sales volume of 2,181,600  Korean yen  in 1916. This was around half of the total sales volume of all markets in the city. [ 13 ] In September 1914, the  colonial government  proclaimed General Ordinance No. 136, which set out policies for closing and regulating markets. Namdaemun Market was classified as a \"Category 1\" market, a traditional market that either needed to be developed into a \"Category 2\" or \"Category 3\" market or closed altogether. The colonial government attempted to establish a public wholesale market in Namdaemun Market's place, but failed to do so. [ 12 ]  The Joseon Agriculture Corporation, led by the  pro-Japanese collaborator Song Byeong-jun , leased the land of the market for 15 years and invested 50,000 yen to build warehouses and buildings. He charged a 6 yen fee to merchants who wished to use the facilities: a price more expensive than the Korean Empire-era prices. As a result, the number of merchants dropped, but eventually recovered to 126 in 1921. However, a significant fire broke out in fall 1921, which destroyed all shops. [ 14 ]  Unable to recover from the loss, the Joseon Agriculture Corporation transferred its management of the market to the Jung-ang Trading Corporation, which was established on April 12, 1922, specifically to run the market. [ 15 ] By 1930, sales volume dropped, although the number of merchants in the market was stable at around 200. The drop in sales has been attributed to the economy's shift towards corporate capitalism. Sales of general merchandise also decreased, as modern Japanese-owned department stores opened in the area. In 1931, the colonial government sold ownership of the property to Jung-ang Trading Corporation altogether at a tenth of its market value. Shortly afterwards, Jung-ang raised fees for merchants by around 40%. Korean merchants organized into an association on December 26, 1933, to protest this. [ 16 ] In 1936, the market's name was changed to \"Central Product Market\" ( 중앙물산시장 ;  中央物産市場 ). [ 17 ] On March 24, 1938, the market's license expired, and the colonial government moved to replace it and  Dongdaemun Market  with a Gyeongseong Central Wholesale Market. Merchants again protested and organized, this time into the Gyeongseong Food Company. The colonial government implicitly allowed merchants to operate while the Gyeongseong Market was being constructed. After it opened on April 1, 1939, its impact was smaller than expected, so Namdaemun Market continued to thrive. [ 16 ] Liberation of Korea [ edit ] After  liberation in 1945 , more than 200 merchants formed the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association and took over management. [ 18 ] [ 19 ]  Initially, the  United States Army Military Government in Korea , which governed the southern half of the peninsula at the time, classified the Association as \"enemy property\" (Japanese-owned). This was protested by the Association, which argued that 80% of shares were held by Koreans. [ 18 ] [ 17 ]  The immediate outcome of this protest is not known, but by 1952, the Association managed the market. [ 18 ] People walk the nearby street, Namdaemunno (1959) In 1950, the  Korean War  began, and most of the 250 shops in the market were destroyed. [ 18 ]  When vendors returned to the market in June 1951, they found that the area had been cordoned off by barbed wire. Activities restarted with around 100 stalls and makeshift stores in the  Bukchang-dong  area. By 1953, 150 shops and 500 street stalls were in the market. [ 18 ]  In 1952, the market restarted the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association. Its president Um Bok-man, who was involved in organized crime, siphoned off funds from the market. He was removed from his position by the Seoul government in 1957, and replaced with Kim Woo-taek. [ 20 ]  At the time, it sold a large amount of contraband and military supplies from the U.S. military bases. Consequently, it was nicknamed \"Dokkaebi Market\", after a  mischievous goblin-like creature  from Korean folklore. [ 18 ] Kkulkkuri-juk , an improvized dish that preceded the modern  budae-jjigae , was sold in the market. [ 21 ]  The market also began to host numerous  North Korean refugees ; thus the nickname \"Abai Market\" ( 아바이시장 ) emerged, where  abai  refers to an old person in a North Korean dialect. [ 21 ]  The market suffered a significant fire in 1954. [ 22 ] [ 23 ]  After which, many merchants relocated to  Dongdaemun Market . By 1959, Namdaemun Market had lower business activity than Dongdaemun Market. [ 23 ]  In 1962, the market's license was revoked due to it not meeting the standards of the city. The license was reinstated in 1967, and it has remained in place until the present. [ 23 ] Redevelopment efforts [ edit ] A fire at the market in 1977 In 1968, mayor of Seoul  Kim Hyeon-ok  proposed converting the market into an 18-story shopping complex. Shortly afterwards, a significant fire broke out in the market on November 25, 1968. Kim's plans were scaled down to just three floors. More buildings were then constructed over time, with three buildings opening in 1969, two in 1970, and one in 1971. [ 24 ]  Beginning in 1977, efforts were made to move the wholesale agricultural and marine products vendors to different markets. [ 25 ]  In the 1980s, efforts were made to make the market's goods more specialized. For example, one of its buildings began selling primarily textiles, clothes, and handicrafts. Specialization in those areas have since persisted. [ 25 ] However, redevelopment on the main building of the market stagnated, due to plans needing 80% approval from the building's occupants. [ 26 ]  In the mid-1990s, a proposal was forwarded to have the market transformed into 15-story buildings. Construction workers were hired, but in the end no changes were made. Redevelopment continued to stall, even by 2016. [ 27 ] Looking down at the central area of the market (2013) Shopping street in the market In the 1990s, the market began shifting from wholesales to retail. However, overall market sales significantly dropped. This was due to a number of factors, including the  1997 Asian financial crisis , competition from Dongdaemun Market, and liberalization on import restricts (and thus more competition). Dongdaemun Market became more associated with younger shoppers, whereas Namdaemun Market appealed to older. [ 28 ]  Furthermore, the ownership structure of the market is reportedly complex, with stores sometimes belonging to five owners. Disagreements between these owners and across stores has reportedly hampered development. [ 29 ] The number of vendors increased from 4,205 in 1982 to 11,886 in 2013. [ 30 ]  The proportion of goods sold also changed; clothing went from 60% of the market's sales to 36.8%, and accessories went from 5% to 29.5%. Produce and fish sellers went from 5% to being virtually absent from the market during that time. [ 31 ]  Vendors also shifted from mainly manufacturing their own products to outsourcing production on contract. [ 32 ] The rise of the internet and  online shopping  has reportedly negatively impacted Namdaemun Market. Whereas Dongdaemun Market and its younger audience reportedly smoothly managed the transition to the internet, Namdaemun Market's older audience preferred to do their shopping in person. [ 33 ] The city of Seoul announced plans to renovate the market in 2007, with renovations continuing into 2010. [ 34 ] Market gate 5 In June 2013, the market had 11,886 shops. 3,501 sold accessories like earrings and hairpins, 3,475 sold clothing, and 909 sold children's clothes. Fashion shops accounted for 66.3% of the total. 973 stores (8.2%) sold kitchen products, handicrafts and local products. 913 were restaurants and health food shops, and 580 sold glasses, watches, and camera. [ 30 ]  Many of its stores are operated by a single person or family. [ 35 ]  Goods are typically transported within the market by motorcycle or handcart. [ 36 ] There are also numerous street stalls, with some operating by day and others by night. [ 37 ] Namdaemun Market Corporation buildings [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Building\n Building A\n Building B\n Building C (Central Shopping Mall)\n Building D (Daedo Shopping Complex)\n Building E (E-World)\n Building F (Daedo Market)\n Building G (Daedo Arcade)\n Wing's Town\n Queen Plaza\n Yoseong Namdo Building\n Ginseng  shop Buildings A and B (which are actually each composed of smaller buildings) are together known as the Main Building of the market, and are the oldest buildings in the market. [ 40 ]  They are in the location of the original granary building used for the market in the Joseon period. [ 41 ] How each building is managed reportedly differs. Generally, the exterior of the buildings, utilities, and exterior security are maintained by the building's  jijuhoe  ( 지주회 ;  lit.  landowners' assembly). The  jijuhoe  collects upkeep fees from the various merchants. Their funds and activities are managed by a management office. The management office manages security inside the buildings and cleaning the interior. [ 42 ] The market is popular with tourists. It has signs in other languages in order to appeal to them, translators, and multilingual employees are reportedly valued. [ 43 ]  Health foods like  ginseng  are reportedly popular with Chinese tourists. [ 44 ] Dried  squid  and  jwipo There are a number of alleyways that specialize in certain dishes in the market. One alleyway, in building A, is for  galchi-jorim , spicy braised  cutlassfish . [ 45 ] [ 39 ]  Another is for  kal-guksu , a noodle dish. And a third is for  hotteok , stuffed pancakes, including vegetables, nuts, and sweet condiments. [ 39 ] Within the borders of the market is a historic  Japanese colonial-era building  [ ko ]  now called Ilchul Apartment ( 일출 아파트 ). [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ]  Its Japanese name was Hinode ( 日出 ). It was primarily used as a short-term residence for people working nearby. After the Korean War, it came to be occupied by war refugees, who continued to live there afterwards. In recent years, few people live in the building; it has mostly come to be used by merchants in Namdaemun Market as office or storage space. [ 47 ] 37°33′34.00″N 126°58′38.70″E  \/  37.5594444°N 126.9774167°E  \/  37.5594444; 126.9774167","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages)\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/wikipedia.png) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Namdaemun+Market \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Namdaemun+Market \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Namdaemun+Market \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Namdaemun+Market \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPages for logged out editors [learn more](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction)\n\n- [Contributions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyContributions \"A list of edits made from this IP address [y]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyTalk \"Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market)\n- [1 History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#History)\n  Toggle History subsection\n  - [1\\.1 Creation of the market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Creation_of_the_market)\n  - [1\\.2 Development](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Development)\n  - [1\\.3 Japanese colonial period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Japanese_colonial_period)\n  - [1\\.4 Liberation of Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Liberation_of_Korea)\n  - [1\\.5 Redevelopment efforts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Redevelopment_efforts)\n  - [1\\.6 Recent history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Recent_history)\n- [2 Characteristics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Characteristics)\n- [3 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#See_also)\n- [4 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#References)\n  Toggle References subsection\n  - [4\\.1 Sources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#Sources)\n- [5 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Namdaemun Market\n9 languages\n\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/March%C3%A9_de_Namdaemun \"Marché de Namdaemun – French\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5 \"남대문시장 – Korean\")\n- [Bahasa Indonesia](https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasar_Namdaemun \"Pasar Namdaemun – Indonesian\")\n- [Nederlands](https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Sijang \"Namdaemun Sijang – Dutch\")\n- [日本語](https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%96%80%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4 \"南大門市場 – Japanese\")\n- [Norsk bokmål](https:\/\/no.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun-markedet \"Namdaemun-markedet – Norwegian Bokmål\")\n- [Sunda](https:\/\/su.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pasar_Namda%C3%A9mun \"Pasar Namdaémun – Sundanese\")\n- [Tiếng Việt](https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ch%E1%BB%A3_Namdaemun \"Chợ Namdaemun – Vietnamese\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E9%96%80%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4 \"南大門市場 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q494687#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Namdaemun_Market \"Discuss improvements to the content 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[Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&oldid=1294002969 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Namdaemun_Market&id=1294002969&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamdaemun_Market)\n- [Download QR code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamdaemun_Market)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as 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South Korea\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg\/250px-%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)View of the market from above (2013) |   |\n| [![Map](https:\/\/maps.wikimedia.org\/img\/osm-intl,15,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Namdaemun_Market&revid=1294002969&groups=_473533c3344fcd6c238a8dc60a87f5cff9728884)]() |   |\n| Address | 21, Namdaemunsijang 4-gil, [Jung District](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jung_District \"Jung District\"), [Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul \"Seoul\"), South Korea |\n| No. of stores and services | 5,200 |\n| [Total retail floor area](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gross_leasable_area \"Gross leasable area\") | 64,612 m2 (695,480 sq ft) |\n| Website | [www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr\/index.php](http:\/\/www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr\/index.php) (multiple languages) |\n| [Seoul Future Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Future_Heritage \"Seoul Future Heritage\") |   |\n| Reference no. | 2013-046[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-1) |\n| Korean name |   |\n| [Hangul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hangul \"Hangul\") | 남대문시장 |\n| [Hanja](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanja \"Hanja\") | 南大門市場 |\n| [Revised Romanization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean \"Revised Romanization of Korean\") | *Namdaemun Sijang* |\n| [McCune–Reischauer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer \"McCune–Reischauer\") | *Namdaemun Sijang* |\n\n**Namdaemun Market** ([Korean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_language \"Korean language\"): 남대문시장; [Hanja](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hanja \"Hanja\"): 南大門市場) is a large traditional [market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Market_\\(place\\) \"Market (place)\") in [Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul \"Seoul\"), South Korea. It is located next to [Namdaemun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun \"Namdaemun\"), the main southern gate to the old city.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-ndm_doosan-2) The market is among the oldest extant markets in Korea, having opened during the [Joseon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseon \"Joseon\") period in 1414.\n\nThe market's character, location, and size have all changed over time. Amidst Joseon's [isolationism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isolationism \"Isolationism\") in the 16th and 17th centuries, the market was limited to mostly Korean customers and merchants. This persisted until the [Empire of Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan \"Empire of Japan\") forcefully opened Korea in the [Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1876 \"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876\"). Afterwards, nearly half of the merchants became either ethnic Chinese or Japanese merchants. During the 1910–1945 [Japanese colonial period](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_under_Japanese_rule \"Korea under Japanese rule\"), the market survived a number of attempts by the Japanese colonial government to shut it down. The market was destroyed a number of times over time by accidental fires, including one during the 1950–1953 [Korean War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War \"Korean War\"). Each time it was destroyed, it was rebuilt to roughly the same size and status it had previously operated under.\n\nToday the market has been modernized, although it retains much of its bustling character. It is largely jointly owned by a collective of the merchants who operate within it. According to the Seoul Institute, it contained 5,200 stores, had 9,090 workers, and had an area of 64,612 m2 (695,480 sq ft) as of 2016[\\[update\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit).[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-3)\n\n## History\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: History\")\\]\n\n### Creation of the market\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Creation of the market\")\\]\n\nIn 1394, shortly after the establishment of the [Joseon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joseon \"Joseon\") dynasty, King [Taejo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taejo_of_Joseon \"Taejo of Joseon\") made Seoul the capital city. The government set about redesigning the city according to principles set out in the Chinese bureaucratic text *[Rites of Zhou](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rites_of_Zhou \"Rites of Zhou\")*. They managed to place buildings like the royal palace [Gyeongbokgung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gyeongbokgung \"Gyeongbokgung\") and the altar [Sajikdan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sajikdan \"Sajikdan\") according to the book. However, the book dictated that markets should be placed north of the royal palace. As there was not much space between the royal palace and the mountain just north of the palace, [Bugaksan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bugaksan \"Bugaksan\"), they decided to place markets elsewhere.[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201619-4)\n\nA market roughly in the same area as the current Namdaemun Market finished construction in September 1414, during the reign of King [Taejong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taejong_of_Joseon \"Taejong of Joseon\"). It was one of four market construction projects that occurred in the city between 1412 and 1414. A government-licensed shop that specialized in importing silks (선전; 縇廛; *seonjeon*) was the first to open in the market. Soon afterwards followed a large number of government-licensed shops (시전행랑; 市廛行廊; *sijeon haengrang*) that sold a variety of items, but mostly clothing, food, and household items.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201619%E2%80%9320-5)\n\n### Development\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Development\")\\]\n\nDuring the 1592–1598 [Japanese invasions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_\\(1592%E2%80%931598\\) \"Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)\"), 1627 [Later Jin invasion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Later_Jin_invasion_of_Joseon \"Later Jin invasion of Joseon\"), and the 1636 [Qing invasion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qing_invasion_of_Joseon \"Qing invasion of Joseon\"), activity in the market slowed. In the aftermath of these invasions, activity rapidly picked back up, as farmers fled from the countryside and sought opportunities in the capital. Around this time, the market became one of the three largest markets in the city.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201622%E2%80%9323-6) It mostly operated early in the mornings, so people could buy needed supplies for the day.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201628-7)\n\nJoseon operated under a policy of [isolationism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isolationism \"Isolationism\") after these invasions, and foreigners were relatively uncommon in the markets. However, after Japan forced Joseon to open its ports in the [Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1876 \"Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876\"), the number of international traders and shops rapidly increased. Chinese traders went from 99 in 1883 to 1,254 in 1893, Chinese-run shops went from 19 to 142, and 71 Japanese merchants in 1885 rose to 625 by 1890. Local merchants protested against this foreign competition, but nothing could be done.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201625%E2%80%9326-8)\n\nBeginning in 1896, the [Korean Empire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Empire \"Korean Empire\") (the successor to Joseon) government began efforts to rapidly modernize the country and Seoul. Due to numerous construction projects, a number of shops in the area were displaced, and by January 1897, a number of them moved into a building formerly used for distributing grain to the public (상평창; 常平倉; *Sangpyeongchang*; lit. Ever-normal Granary) and began selling there. This market is considered a clear predecessor to Namdaemun Market. In contrast to other previous markets, it operated throughout the day.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201621,_28-9)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8b\/Old_korea_market.jpg\/250px-Old_korea_market.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Old_korea_market.jpg)\n\nA photo of a predecessor to Namdaemun Market, taken around 1902–1903 by Italian diplomat to Korea [Carlo Rossetti](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlo_Rossetti_\\(diplomat\\) \"Carlo Rossetti (diplomat)\").[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-10)\n\nThe markets inside the former granary did not pay taxes until 1899. Taxes were first collected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, and then by the Office of Crown Property in 1901. By 1907, around 250 to 300 merchants operated inside the building. Roughly 50% were Korean, 30% Japanese, and 20% Chinese. According to 1909 research conducted by the Ministry of Finance, daily transactions amounted to 934,035 [won](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Empire_won \"Korean Empire won\").[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201628%E2%80%9329-11)\n\n### Japanese colonial period\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Japanese colonial period\")\\]\n\nSee also: [Korea under Japanese rule](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korea_under_Japanese_rule \"Korea under Japanese rule\")\n\nFrom 1910 to 1945, Korea was a colony of the [Empire of Japan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan \"Empire of Japan\"). In 1911, a significant fire destroyed much of the market.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631-12) Despite this, the market was the largest in the city around this time, with a total sales volume of 2,181,600 [Korean yen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_yen \"Korean yen\") in 1916. This was around half of the total sales volume of all markets in the city.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201632-13)\n\nIn September 1914, the [colonial government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Governor-General_of_Ch%C5%8Dsen \"Governor-General of Chōsen\") proclaimed General Ordinance No. 136, which set out policies for closing and regulating markets. Namdaemun Market was classified as a \"Category 1\" market, a traditional market that either needed to be developed into a \"Category 2\" or \"Category 3\" market or closed altogether. The colonial government attempted to establish a public wholesale market in Namdaemun Market's place, but failed to do so.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631-12) The Joseon Agriculture Corporation, led by the [pro-Japanese collaborator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chinilpa \"Chinilpa\") [Song Byeong-jun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Song_Byeong-jun \"Song Byeong-jun\"), leased the land of the market for 15 years and invested 50,000 yen to build warehouses and buildings. He charged a 6 yen fee to merchants who wished to use the facilities: a price more expensive than the Korean Empire-era prices. As a result, the number of merchants dropped, but eventually recovered to 126 in 1921. However, a significant fire broke out in fall 1921, which destroyed all shops.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631%E2%80%9332-14) Unable to recover from the loss, the Joseon Agriculture Corporation transferred its management of the market to the Jung-ang Trading Corporation, which was established on April 12, 1922, specifically to run the market.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201632%E2%80%9333-15)\n\nBy 1930, sales volume dropped, although the number of merchants in the market was stable at around 200. The drop in sales has been attributed to the economy's shift towards corporate capitalism. Sales of general merchandise also decreased, as modern Japanese-owned department stores opened in the area. In 1931, the colonial government sold ownership of the property to Jung-ang Trading Corporation altogether at a tenth of its market value. Shortly afterwards, Jung-ang raised fees for merchants by around 40%. Korean merchants organized into an association on December 26, 1933, to protest this.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201634-16)\n\nIn 1936, the market's name was changed to \"Central Product Market\" (중앙물산시장; 中央物産市場).[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:0-17)\n\nOn March 24, 1938, the market's license expired, and the colonial government moved to replace it and [Dongdaemun Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongdaemun_Market \"Dongdaemun Market\") with a Gyeongseong Central Wholesale Market. Merchants again protested and organized, this time into the Gyeongseong Food Company. The colonial government implicitly allowed merchants to operate while the Gyeongseong Market was being constructed. After it opened on April 1, 1939, its impact was smaller than expected, so Namdaemun Market continued to thrive.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201634-16)\n\n### Liberation of Korea\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Liberation of Korea\")\\]\n\nAfter [liberation in 1945](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Victory_over_Japan_Day \"Victory over Japan Day\"), more than 200 merchants formed the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association and took over management.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-ndm_ekc-19) Initially, the [United States Army Military Government in Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea \"United States Army Military Government in Korea\"), which governed the southern half of the peninsula at the time, classified the Association as \"enemy property\" (Japanese-owned). This was protested by the Association, which argued that 80% of shares were held by Koreans.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18)[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:0-17) The immediate outcome of this protest is not known, but by 1952, the Association managed the market.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg\/250px-1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg)\n\nPeople walk the nearby street, Namdaemunno (1959)\n\nIn 1950, the [Korean War](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_War \"Korean War\") began, and most of the 250 shops in the market were destroyed.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) When vendors returned to the market in June 1951, they found that the area had been cordoned off by barbed wire. Activities restarted with around 100 stalls and makeshift stores in the [Bukchang-dong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bukchang-dong \"Bukchang-dong\") area. By 1953, 150 shops and 500 street stalls were in the market.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) In 1952, the market restarted the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association. Its president Um Bok-man, who was involved in organized crime, siphoned off funds from the market. He was removed from his position by the Seoul government in 1957, and replaced with Kim Woo-taek.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638%E2%80%9339-20) At the time, it sold a large amount of contraband and military supplies from the U.S. military bases. Consequently, it was nicknamed \"Dokkaebi Market\", after a [mischievous goblin-like creature](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dokkaebi \"Dokkaebi\") from Korean folklore.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) *[Kkulkkuri-juk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kkulkkuri-juk \"Kkulkkuri-juk\")*, an improvized dish that preceded the modern *[budae-jjigae](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budae-jjigae \"Budae-jjigae\")*, was sold in the market.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638-21) The market also began to host numerous [North Korean refugees](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korean_defectors \"North Korean defectors\"); thus the nickname \"Abai Market\" (아바이시장) emerged, where *abai* refers to an old person in a North Korean dialect.[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638-21) The market suffered a significant fire in 1954.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-22)[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23) After which, many merchants relocated to [Dongdaemun Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongdaemun_Market \"Dongdaemun Market\"). By 1959, Namdaemun Market had lower business activity than Dongdaemun Market.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23) In 1962, the market's license was revoked due to it not meeting the standards of the city. The license was reinstated in 1967, and it has remained in place until the present.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23)\n\n### Redevelopment efforts\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: Redevelopment efforts\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/01\/1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg\/250px-1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg)\n\nA fire at the market in 1977\n\nIn 1968, mayor of Seoul [Kim Hyeon-ok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kim_Hyeon-ok \"Kim Hyeon-ok\") proposed converting the market into an 18-story shopping complex. Shortly afterwards, a significant fire broke out in the market on November 25, 1968. Kim's plans were scaled down to just three floors. More buildings were then constructed over time, with three buildings opening in 1969, two in 1970, and one in 1971.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201640%E2%80%9341-24) Beginning in 1977, efforts were made to move the wholesale agricultural and marine products vendors to different markets.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201643-25) In the 1980s, efforts were made to make the market's goods more specialized. For example, one of its buildings began selling primarily textiles, clothes, and handicrafts. Specialization in those areas have since persisted.[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201643-25)\n\nHowever, redevelopment on the main building of the market stagnated, due to plans needing 80% approval from the building's occupants.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201641%E2%80%9342-26) In the mid-1990s, a proposal was forwarded to have the market transformed into 15-story buildings. Construction workers were hired, but in the end no changes were made. Redevelopment continued to stall, even by 2016.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201642-27)\n\n### Recent history\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Recent history\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/39\/%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg\/250px-%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)\n\nLooking down at the central area of the market (2013)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/53\/Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg\/250px-Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg)\n\nShopping street in the market\n\nIn the 1990s, the market began shifting from wholesales to retail. However, overall market sales significantly dropped. This was due to a number of factors, including the [1997 Asian financial crisis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1997_Asian_financial_crisis \"1997 Asian financial crisis\"), competition from Dongdaemun Market, and liberalization on import restricts (and thus more competition). Dongdaemun Market became more associated with younger shoppers, whereas Namdaemun Market appealed to older.[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201644%E2%80%9345-28) Furthermore, the ownership structure of the market is reportedly complex, with stores sometimes belonging to five owners. Disagreements between these owners and across stores has reportedly hampered development.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016106%E2%80%93108-29)\n\nThe number of vendors increased from 4,205 in 1982 to 11,886 in 2013.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201651-30) The proportion of goods sold also changed; clothing went from 60% of the market's sales to 36.8%, and accessories went from 5% to 29.5%. Produce and fish sellers went from 5% to being virtually absent from the market during that time.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201652-31) Vendors also shifted from mainly manufacturing their own products to outsourcing production on contract.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201660-32)\n\nThe rise of the internet and [online shopping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_shopping \"Online shopping\") has reportedly negatively impacted Namdaemun Market. Whereas Dongdaemun Market and its younger audience reportedly smoothly managed the transition to the internet, Namdaemun Market's older audience preferred to do their shopping in person.[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201663-33)\n\nThe city of Seoul announced plans to renovate the market in 2007, with renovations continuing into 2010.[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-34)\n\n## Characteristics\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Characteristics\")\\]\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg\/250px-Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg)\n\nMarket gate 5\n\nIn June 2013, the market had 11,886 shops. 3,501 sold accessories like earrings and hairpins, 3,475 sold clothing, and 909 sold children's clothes. Fashion shops accounted for 66.3% of the total. 973 stores (8.2%) sold kitchen products, handicrafts and local products. 913 were restaurants and health food shops, and 580 sold glasses, watches, and camera.[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201651-30) Many of its stores are operated by a single person or family.[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201658-35) Goods are typically transported within the market by motorcycle or handcart.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201661-36)\n\nThere are also numerous street stalls, with some operating by day and others by night.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201694%E2%80%9395-37)\n\n| Building |\n|---|\n| Building A |\n| Building B |\n| Building C (Central Shopping Mall) |\n| Building D (Daedo Shopping Complex) |\n| Building E (E-World) |\n| Building F (Daedo Market) |\n| Building G (Daedo Arcade) |\n| Wing's Town |\n| Queen Plaza |\n| Yoseong Namdo Building |\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/77\/Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg\/250px-Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg)\n\n[Ginseng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginseng \"Ginseng\") shop\n\nBuildings A and B (which are actually each composed of smaller buildings) are together known as the Main Building of the market, and are the oldest buildings in the market.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201688-40) They are in the location of the original granary building used for the market in the Joseon period.[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016104-41)\n\nHow each building is managed reportedly differs. Generally, the exterior of the buildings, utilities, and exterior security are maintained by the building's *jijuhoe* (지주회; lit. landowners' assembly). The *jijuhoe* collects upkeep fees from the various merchants. Their funds and activities are managed by a management office. The management office manages security inside the buildings and cleaning the interior.[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016108%E2%80%93110-42)\n\nThe market is popular with tourists. It has signs in other languages in order to appeal to them, translators, and multilingual employees are reportedly valued.[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201698,_102,_126-43) Health foods like [ginseng](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ginseng \"Ginseng\") are reportedly popular with Chinese tourists.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016100-44)\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg\/250px-Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg)\n\nDried [squid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Squid \"Squid\") and *[jwipo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jwipo \"Jwipo\")*\n\nThere are a number of alleyways that specialize in certain dishes in the market. One alleyway, in building A, is for *[galchi-jorim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Galchi-jorim&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Galchi-jorim (page does not exist)\")*, spicy braised [cutlassfish](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cutlassfish \"Cutlassfish\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201698%E2%80%93100-45)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:1-39) Another is for *[kal-guksu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kal-guksu \"Kal-guksu\")*, a noodle dish. And a third is for *[hotteok](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotteok \"Hotteok\")*, stuffed pancakes, including vegetables, nuts, and sweet condiments.[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:1-39)\n\nWithin the borders of the market is a historic [Japanese colonial-era building](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Japanese_colonial_buildings_in_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1 \"Japanese colonial buildings in Korea (page does not exist)\") \\[[ko](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EC%A0%81%EC%82%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%98%A5 \"ko:적산가옥\")\\] now called Ilchul Apartment (일출 아파트).[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016162%E2%80%93163-46)[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:2-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-48) Its Japanese name was Hinode (日出). It was primarily used as a short-term residence for people working nearby. After the Korean War, it came to be occupied by war refugees, who continued to live there afterwards. In recent years, few people live in the building; it has mostly come to be used by merchants in Namdaemun Market as office or storage space.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:2-47)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Flag_of_Seoul_cropped.gif\/40px-Flag_of_Seoul_cropped.gif)[Seoul portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Seoul \"Portal:Seoul\")\n- ![flag](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/09\/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg\/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png)[South Korea portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:South_Korea \"Portal:South Korea\")\n\n- [Shopping in Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shopping_in_Seoul \"Shopping in Seoul\")\n- [List of markets in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_markets_in_South_Korea \"List of markets in South Korea\")\n- [List of South Korean tourist attractions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_South_Korean_tourist_attractions \"List of South Korean tourist attractions\")\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"남대문시장\"](https:\/\/futureheritage.seoul.go.kr\/futureHeritageMeet\/futureHeritage\/view.do?order=&htNo=471&htCateValue=&htSelectGuValue=&htConditionValue=&selectYearValue=&buildYearValue=&fetchStart=1&srchType=title&searchTitle=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8). *[Seoul Future Heritage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Future_Heritage \"Seoul Future Heritage\")* (in Korean). [Seoul Metropolitan Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Metropolitan_Government \"Seoul Metropolitan Government\"). Retrieved 30 March 2025.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-ndm_doosan_2-0)** [Namdaemun Market](http:\/\/100.naver.com\/100.nhn?docid=35344)\\[*[permanent dead link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\] at [Doosan Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doosan_Encyclopedia \"Doosan Encyclopedia\") (in Korean)\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-3)**\n   [서울에서 가장 큰 전통시장은?](https:\/\/www.si.re.kr\/node\/55858)\n   \n   \\[What is the Largest Traditional Market in Seoul?\\]. *서울연구원* (in Korean). 9 September 2016. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230815073743\/https:\/\/www.si.re.kr\/node\/55858) from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201619_4-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 19.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201619%E2%80%9320_5-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 19–20.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201622%E2%80%9323_6-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 22–23.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201628_7-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 28.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201625%E2%80%9326_8-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 25–26.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201621,_28_9-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 21, 28.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-10)**\n    강, 가희 (25 April 2017).\n    \n    [전시로 보는 '남대문시장의 120년'](https:\/\/www.kocis.go.kr\/koreanet\/view.do?seq=7829&page=7&pageSize=10&photoPageSize=6&totalCount=0&searchType=&searchText=&cateCode=)\n    \n    \\[Seeing '120 Years of Namdaemun Market' As It Was\\]. *[Korean Culture and Information Service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Culture_and_Information_Service \"Korean Culture and Information Service\")* (in Korean). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241210091140\/https:\/\/www.kocis.go.kr\/koreanet\/view.do?seq=7829&page=7&pageSize=10&photoPageSize=6&totalCount=0&searchType=&searchText=&cateCode=) from the original on 10 December 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2023.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201628%E2%80%9329_11-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 28–29.\n12. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631_12-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631_12-1) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 31.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201632_13-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 32.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631%E2%80%9332_14-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 31–32.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201632%E2%80%9333_15-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 32–33.\n16. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201634_16-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201634_16-1) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 34.\n17. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:0_17-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:0_17-1)\n    최, 유진 (30 July 2018).\n    \n    [남대문시장(주) 7대 회장단 이취임](http:\/\/www.sisaenews.com\/news\/articleView.html?idxno=1048)\n    \n    \\[The 7th Chairman of the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association Takes Over\\]. *Sisa Economic News* (in Korean). Retrieved 20 August 2023.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-3) [***e***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-4) [***f***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-5) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 36.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-ndm_ekc_19-0)** [Namdaemun Market](http:\/\/100.nate.com\/dicsearch\/pentry.html?s=K&i=293153&v=44) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110610020034\/http:\/\/100.nate.com\/dicsearch\/pentry.html?s=K&i=293153&v=44) 10 June 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean)\n20. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638%E2%80%9339_20-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 38–39.\n21. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638_21-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638_21-1) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 38.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-22)**\n    [남대문시장](https:\/\/theme.archives.go.kr\/next\/koreaOfRecord\/namdaemun.do#:~:text=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%97%90%EB%8A%94%20%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%85%20%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC,%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%98%20%EA%B1%B4%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%B4%20%EC%84%B8%EC%9B%8C%EC%A1%8C%EB%8B%A4.)\n    \n    . *[National Archives of Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Archives_of_Korea \"National Archives of Korea\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241006083221\/https:\/\/theme.archives.go.kr\/next\/koreaOfRecord\/namdaemun.do#:~:text=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%97%90%EB%8A%94%20%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%85%20%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC,%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%98%20%EA%B1%B4%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%B4%20%EC%84%B8%EC%9B%8C%EC%A1%8C%EB%8B%A4.) from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.\n23. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-2) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 39.\n24. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201640%E2%80%9341_24-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 40–41.\n25. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201643_25-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201643_25-1) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 43.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201641%E2%80%9342_26-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 41–42.\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201642_27-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 42.\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201644%E2%80%9345_28-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 44–45.\n29. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016106%E2%80%93108_29-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 106–108.\n30. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201651_30-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201651_30-1) [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 51.\n31. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201652_31-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 52.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201660_32-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 60.\n33. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201663_33-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 63.\n34. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-34)**\n    [남대문시장 50년만에 재개발](https:\/\/www.seoul.co.kr\/news\/newsView.php?id=20070313013010)\n    \n    . *[Seoul Shinmun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Shinmun \"Seoul Shinmun\")* (in Korean). 13 March 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2024.\n35. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201658_35-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 58.\n36. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201661_36-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 61.\n37. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201694%E2%80%9395_37-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 94–95.\n38. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201650_38-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 50.\n39. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-2)\n    [남대문관광특구 남대문시장](http:\/\/namdaemunmarket.co.kr\/05_cst\/02.php)\n    \n    . *namdaemunmarket.co.kr*. Retrieved 31 October 2024.\n40. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201688_40-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 88.\n41. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016104_41-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 104.\n42. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016108%E2%80%93110_42-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 108–110.\n43. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201698,_102,_126_43-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 98, 102, 126.\n44. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016100_44-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 100.\n45. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201698%E2%80%93100_45-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 98–100.\n46. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016162%E2%80%93163_46-0)** [Song (2016)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 162–163.\n47. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:2_47-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:2_47-1)\n    [일출아파트](https:\/\/smarttour.junggu.seoul.kr\/history\/detailDetail.do?dthSn=204)\n    \n    . *smarttour.junggu.seoul.kr*. Retrieved 31 October 2024.\n48. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-48)**\n    [\\[이젠 할머니들\\] 남대문 암달러상 1억 강도당했다](https:\/\/www.chosun.com\/site\/data\/html_dir\/2001\/06\/25\/2001062570202.html)\n    \n    . *[The Chosun Ilbo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Chosun_Ilbo \"The Chosun Ilbo\")* (in Korean). 14 August 2020. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20241210092516\/https:\/\/www.chosun.com\/site\/data\/html_dir\/2001\/06\/25\/2001062570202.html) from the original on 10 December 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.\n\n### Sources\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Sources\")\\]\n\n- Song, Inho, ed. (2016). [*Namdaemun Market*](https:\/\/lib.seoul.go.kr\/search\/detail\/CATTOT000001015041). Translated by Atkinson, Timothy V. [Seoul Museum of History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Museum_of_History \"Seoul Museum of History\"). [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [979-1186324370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/979-1186324370 \"Special:BookSources\/979-1186324370\")\n  \n  .\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- [![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/4\/4a\/Commons-logo.svg\/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Namdaemun Market](https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Namdaemun_Market \"commons:Category:Namdaemun Market\") at Wikimedia Commons\n- [Official website](http:\/\/www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr\/index.php) (in Korean)\n- [Namdaemun Market on VisitKorea.or.kr](http:\/\/english.visitkorea.or.kr\/enu\/SH\/SH_EN_7_2_4_1.jsp)\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Markets_in_South_Korea \"Template:Markets in South Korea\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Markets_in_South_Korea \"Template talk:Markets in South Korea\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Markets_in_South_Korea \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Markets in South Korea\")[Markets in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_markets_in_South_Korea \"List of markets in South Korea\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| [Busan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Busan \"Busan\") | [Busan Cooperative Fish Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Busan_Cooperative_Fish_Market \"Busan Cooperative Fish Market\") [Busanjin Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Busanjin_Market \"Busanjin Market\") [Dongnae Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongnae_Market \"Dongnae Market\") [Gukje Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gukje_Market \"Gukje Market\") [Jagalchi Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jagalchi_Market \"Jagalchi Market\") |\n| [Cheongju](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cheongju \"Cheongju\") | [Yukgeori Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yukgeori_Market \"Yukgeori Market\") |\n| [Daegu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daegu \"Daegu\") | [Chilseong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilseong_Market \"Chilseong Market\") [Seomun Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seomun_Market \"Seomun Market\") |\n| [Gyeongju](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gyeongju \"Gyeongju\") | [Seongdong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seongdong_Market \"Seongdong Market\") |\n| [Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul \"Seoul\") | [Bangsan Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangsan_Market \"Bangsan Market\") [Dongdaemun Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongdaemun_Market \"Dongdaemun Market\") [Dongmyo Flea Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongmyo_Flea_Market \"Dongmyo Flea Market\") [Garak Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Garak_Market \"Garak Market\") [Gwangjang Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gwangjang_Market \"Gwangjang Market\") [Gyeongdong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gyeongdong_Market \"Gyeongdong Market\") [Hwanghak-dong Flea Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hwanghak-dong_Flea_Market \"Hwanghak-dong Flea Market\") [Namdaemun Market]() [Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Noryangjin_Fisheries_Wholesale_Market \"Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market\") [Tongin Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tongin_Market \"Tongin Market\") [Yongsan Electronics Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongsan_Electronics_Market \"Yongsan Electronics Market\") |\n| [Ulsan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulsan \"Ulsan\") | [Daesong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daesong_Market \"Daesong Market\") [Eonyang Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eonyang_Market \"Eonyang Market\") [Sinjeong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinjeong_Market \"Sinjeong Market\") [Suam Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suam_Market \"Suam Market\") [Taehwa Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taehwa_Market \"Taehwa Market\") [Ulsan Beongae Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulsan_Beongae_Market \"Ulsan Beongae Market\") [Ulsan Central Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulsan_Central_Market \"Ulsan Central Market\") [Ulsan Lightning Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulsan_Lightning_Market \"Ulsan Lightning Market\") [Ulsan Wholesale Agricultural and Fish Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ulsan_Wholesale_Agricultural_and_Fish_Market \"Ulsan Wholesale Agricultural and Fish Market\") [Wolbong Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wolbong_Market \"Wolbong Market\") [Yaeum Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yaeum_Market \"Yaeum Market\") |\n| [Jeju](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeju_Province \"Jeju Province\") | [Jeju Dongmun Traditional Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jeju_Dongmun_Traditional_Market \"Jeju Dongmun Traditional Market\") [Seogwipo Maeil Olle Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seogwipo_Maeil_Olle_Market \"Seogwipo Maeil Olle Market\") [Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seogwipo_Rural_Five-Day_Market \"Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Seoul \"Template:Seoul\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Seoul \"Template talk:Seoul\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Seoul \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Seoul\")[Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul \"Seoul\") |   |   |\n|---|---|---|\n| [Government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Metropolitan_Government \"Seoul Metropolitan Government\") [Council](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_Metropolitan_Council \"Seoul Metropolitan Council\") [Mayor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mayor_of_Seoul \"Mayor of Seoul\") [City Hall](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seoul_City_Hall \"Seoul City Hall\") [History](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_Seoul \"History of Seoul\") [Names](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Names_of_Seoul \"Names of Seoul\") [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Seoul \"Timeline of Seoul\") [Climate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Climate_of_Seoul \"Climate of Seoul\") [Economy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Economy_of_Seoul \"Economy of Seoul\") [Shopping](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shopping_in_Seoul \"Shopping in Seoul\") [Sport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sports_in_Seoul \"Sports in Seoul\") [Tourism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tourism_in_Seoul \"Tourism in Seoul\") [Transport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transportation_in_Seoul \"Transportation in Seoul\") |   |   |\n| [Districts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_districts_of_Seoul \"List of districts of Seoul\") |   | [![Coat of arms of Seoul](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Logo_of_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.svg\/60px-Logo_of_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Logo_of_Seoul,_South_Korea.svg \"Coat of arms of Seoul\") |\n|   |   |   |\n| North of the [Han River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Han_River_\\(Korea\\) \"Han River (Korea)\") (Gangbuk) | [Dobong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dobong_District \"Dobong District\") [Dongdaemun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongdaemun_District \"Dongdaemun District\") [Eunpyeong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eunpyeong_District \"Eunpyeong District\") [Gangbuk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangbuk_District \"Gangbuk District\") [Gwangjin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gwangjin_District \"Gwangjin District\") [Jongno](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jongno_District \"Jongno District\") [Jung](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jung_District,_Seoul \"Jung District, Seoul\") [Jungnang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jungnang_District \"Jungnang District\") [Mapo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mapo_District \"Mapo District\") [Nowon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nowon_District \"Nowon District\") [Seodaemun](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seodaemun_District \"Seodaemun District\") [Seongbuk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seongbuk_District \"Seongbuk District\") [Seongdong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seongdong_District \"Seongdong District\") [Yongsan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yongsan_District \"Yongsan District\") |   |\n| South of the [Han River](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Han_River_\\(Korea\\) \"Han River (Korea)\") ([Gangnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangnam_\\(Seoul\\) \"Gangnam (Seoul)\")) | [Dongjak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dongjak_District \"Dongjak District\") [Gangdong](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangdong_District \"Gangdong District\") [Gangnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangnam_District \"Gangnam District\") [Gangseo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangseo_District,_Seoul \"Gangseo District, Seoul\") [Geumcheon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geumcheon_District \"Geumcheon District\") [Guro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Guro_District,_Seoul \"Guro District, Seoul\") [Gwanak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gwanak_District \"Gwanak District\") [Songpa](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Songpa_District \"Songpa District\") [Seocho](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seocho_District \"Seocho District\") [Yangcheon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yangcheon_District \"Yangcheon District\") [Yeongdeungpo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeongdeungpo_District \"Yeongdeungpo District\") |   |\n| [Business districts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_business_district \"Central business district\") | [Downtown Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Downtown_Seoul \"Downtown Seoul\") (Central Business District, CBD) [Gangnam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gangnam \"Gangnam\") Business District (GBD) [Yeouido](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeouido \"Yeouido\") Business District (YBD) |   |\n\n| [Authority control databases](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Authority_control \"Help:Authority control\") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/8\/8a\/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg\/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q494687#identifiers \"Edit this at Wikidata\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| International | [VIAF](https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/1825149416747789730002) |\n| National | [United States](https:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/n2017025857) [Korea](https:\/\/lod.nl.go.kr\/resource\/KSH2001011799) [Israel](https:\/\/www.nli.org.il\/en\/authorities\/987007393342505171) |\n\n[37°33′34.00″N 126°58′38.70″E \/ 37\\.5594444°N 126.9774167°E \/ 37\\.5594444; 126.9774167](https:\/\/geohack.toolforge.org\/geohack.php?pagename=Namdaemun_Market&params=37_33_34.00_N_126_58_38.70_E_source:kowiki_region:KR)\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&oldid=1294002969>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Jung District, Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Jung_District,_Seoul \"Category:Jung District, Seoul\")\n- [Shopping districts and streets in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Shopping_districts_and_streets_in_South_Korea \"Category:Shopping districts and streets in South Korea\")\n- [Retail markets in Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Retail_markets_in_Seoul \"Category:Retail markets in Seoul\")\n- [Food markets in South Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Food_markets_in_South_Korea \"Category:Food markets in South Korea\")\n- [Downtown Seoul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Downtown_Seoul \"Category:Downtown Seoul\")\n- [Seoul Future Heritages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Seoul_Future_Heritages \"Category:Seoul Future Heritages\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_\\(ko\\) \"Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)\")\n- [All articles with dead external links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links \"Category:All articles with dead external links\")\n- [Articles with dead external links from March 2025](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2025 \"Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2025\")\n- [Articles with permanently dead external links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links 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Boilerpipe Text	Traditional market in Seoul, South Korea Namdaemun Market ( Korean : 남대문시장 ; Hanja : 南大門市場 ) is a large traditional market in Seoul , South Korea. It is located next to Namdaemun , the main southern gate to the old city. [ 2 ] The market is among the oldest extant markets in Korea, having opened during the Joseon period in 1414. The market's character, location, and size have all changed over time. Amidst Joseon's isolationism in the 16th and 17th centuries, the market was limited to mostly Korean customers and merchants. This persisted until the Empire of Japan forcefully opened Korea in the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 . Afterwards, nearly half of the merchants became either ethnic Chinese or Japanese merchants. During the 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period , the market survived a number of attempts by the Japanese colonial government to shut it down. The market was destroyed a number of times over time by accidental fires, including one during the 1950–1953 Korean War . Each time it was destroyed, it was rebuilt to roughly the same size and status it had previously operated under. Today the market has been modernized, although it retains much of its bustling character. It is largely jointly owned by a collective of the merchants who operate within it. According to the Seoul Institute, it contained 5,200 stores, had 9,090 workers, and had an area of 64,612 m 2 (695,480 sq ft) as of 2016 [update] . [ 3 ] Creation of the market [ edit ] In 1394, shortly after the establishment of the Joseon dynasty, King Taejo made Seoul the capital city. The government set about redesigning the city according to principles set out in the Chinese bureaucratic text Rites of Zhou . They managed to place buildings like the royal palace Gyeongbokgung and the altar Sajikdan according to the book. However, the book dictated that markets should be placed north of the royal palace. As there was not much space between the royal palace and the mountain just north of the palace, Bugaksan , they decided to place markets elsewhere. [ 4 ] A market roughly in the same area as the current Namdaemun Market finished construction in September 1414, during the reign of King Taejong . It was one of four market construction projects that occurred in the city between 1412 and 1414. A government-licensed shop that specialized in importing silks ( 선전 ; 縇廛 ; seonjeon ) was the first to open in the market. Soon afterwards followed a large number of government-licensed shops ( 시전행랑 ; 市廛行廊 ; sijeon haengrang ) that sold a variety of items, but mostly clothing, food, and household items. [ 5 ] During the 1592–1598 Japanese invasions , 1627 Later Jin invasion , and the 1636 Qing invasion , activity in the market slowed. In the aftermath of these invasions, activity rapidly picked back up, as farmers fled from the countryside and sought opportunities in the capital. Around this time, the market became one of the three largest markets in the city. [ 6 ] It mostly operated early in the mornings, so people could buy needed supplies for the day. [ 7 ] Joseon operated under a policy of isolationism after these invasions, and foreigners were relatively uncommon in the markets. However, after Japan forced Joseon to open its ports in the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 , the number of international traders and shops rapidly increased. Chinese traders went from 99 in 1883 to 1,254 in 1893, Chinese-run shops went from 19 to 142, and 71 Japanese merchants in 1885 rose to 625 by 1890. Local merchants protested against this foreign competition, but nothing could be done. [ 8 ] Beginning in 1896, the Korean Empire (the successor to Joseon) government began efforts to rapidly modernize the country and Seoul. Due to numerous construction projects, a number of shops in the area were displaced, and by January 1897, a number of them moved into a building formerly used for distributing grain to the public ( 상평창 ; 常平倉 ; Sangpyeongchang ; lit. Ever-normal Granary) and began selling there. This market is considered a clear predecessor to Namdaemun Market. In contrast to other previous markets, it operated throughout the day. [ 9 ] A photo of a predecessor to Namdaemun Market, taken around 1902–1903 by Italian diplomat to Korea Carlo Rossetti . [ 10 ] The markets inside the former granary did not pay taxes until 1899. Taxes were first collected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, and then by the Office of Crown Property in 1901. By 1907, around 250 to 300 merchants operated inside the building. Roughly 50% were Korean, 30% Japanese, and 20% Chinese. According to 1909 research conducted by the Ministry of Finance, daily transactions amounted to 934,035 won . [ 11 ] Japanese colonial period [ edit ] From 1910 to 1945, Korea was a colony of the Empire of Japan . In 1911, a significant fire destroyed much of the market. [ 12 ] Despite this, the market was the largest in the city around this time, with a total sales volume of 2,181,600 Korean yen in 1916. This was around half of the total sales volume of all markets in the city. [ 13 ] In September 1914, the colonial government proclaimed General Ordinance No. 136, which set out policies for closing and regulating markets. Namdaemun Market was classified as a "Category 1" market, a traditional market that either needed to be developed into a "Category 2" or "Category 3" market or closed altogether. The colonial government attempted to establish a public wholesale market in Namdaemun Market's place, but failed to do so. [ 12 ] The Joseon Agriculture Corporation, led by the pro-Japanese collaborator Song Byeong-jun , leased the land of the market for 15 years and invested 50,000 yen to build warehouses and buildings. He charged a 6 yen fee to merchants who wished to use the facilities: a price more expensive than the Korean Empire-era prices. As a result, the number of merchants dropped, but eventually recovered to 126 in 1921. However, a significant fire broke out in fall 1921, which destroyed all shops. [ 14 ] Unable to recover from the loss, the Joseon Agriculture Corporation transferred its management of the market to the Jung-ang Trading Corporation, which was established on April 12, 1922, specifically to run the market. [ 15 ] By 1930, sales volume dropped, although the number of merchants in the market was stable at around 200. The drop in sales has been attributed to the economy's shift towards corporate capitalism. Sales of general merchandise also decreased, as modern Japanese-owned department stores opened in the area. In 1931, the colonial government sold ownership of the property to Jung-ang Trading Corporation altogether at a tenth of its market value. Shortly afterwards, Jung-ang raised fees for merchants by around 40%. Korean merchants organized into an association on December 26, 1933, to protest this. [ 16 ] In 1936, the market's name was changed to "Central Product Market" ( 중앙물산시장 ; 中央物産市場 ). [ 17 ] On March 24, 1938, the market's license expired, and the colonial government moved to replace it and Dongdaemun Market with a Gyeongseong Central Wholesale Market. Merchants again protested and organized, this time into the Gyeongseong Food Company. The colonial government implicitly allowed merchants to operate while the Gyeongseong Market was being constructed. After it opened on April 1, 1939, its impact was smaller than expected, so Namdaemun Market continued to thrive. [ 16 ] Liberation of Korea [ edit ] After liberation in 1945 , more than 200 merchants formed the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association and took over management. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Initially, the United States Army Military Government in Korea , which governed the southern half of the peninsula at the time, classified the Association as "enemy property" (Japanese-owned). This was protested by the Association, which argued that 80% of shares were held by Koreans. [ 18 ] [ 17 ] The immediate outcome of this protest is not known, but by 1952, the Association managed the market. [ 18 ] People walk the nearby street, Namdaemunno (1959) In 1950, the Korean War began, and most of the 250 shops in the market were destroyed. [ 18 ] When vendors returned to the market in June 1951, they found that the area had been cordoned off by barbed wire. Activities restarted with around 100 stalls and makeshift stores in the Bukchang-dong area. By 1953, 150 shops and 500 street stalls were in the market. [ 18 ] In 1952, the market restarted the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association. Its president Um Bok-man, who was involved in organized crime, siphoned off funds from the market. He was removed from his position by the Seoul government in 1957, and replaced with Kim Woo-taek. [ 20 ] At the time, it sold a large amount of contraband and military supplies from the U.S. military bases. Consequently, it was nicknamed "Dokkaebi Market", after a mischievous goblin-like creature from Korean folklore. [ 18 ] Kkulkkuri-juk , an improvized dish that preceded the modern budae-jjigae , was sold in the market. [ 21 ] The market also began to host numerous North Korean refugees ; thus the nickname "Abai Market" ( 아바이시장 ) emerged, where abai refers to an old person in a North Korean dialect. [ 21 ] The market suffered a significant fire in 1954. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] After which, many merchants relocated to Dongdaemun Market . By 1959, Namdaemun Market had lower business activity than Dongdaemun Market. [ 23 ] In 1962, the market's license was revoked due to it not meeting the standards of the city. The license was reinstated in 1967, and it has remained in place until the present. [ 23 ] Redevelopment efforts [ edit ] A fire at the market in 1977 In 1968, mayor of Seoul Kim Hyeon-ok proposed converting the market into an 18-story shopping complex. Shortly afterwards, a significant fire broke out in the market on November 25, 1968. Kim's plans were scaled down to just three floors. More buildings were then constructed over time, with three buildings opening in 1969, two in 1970, and one in 1971. [ 24 ] Beginning in 1977, efforts were made to move the wholesale agricultural and marine products vendors to different markets. [ 25 ] In the 1980s, efforts were made to make the market's goods more specialized. For example, one of its buildings began selling primarily textiles, clothes, and handicrafts. Specialization in those areas have since persisted. [ 25 ] However, redevelopment on the main building of the market stagnated, due to plans needing 80% approval from the building's occupants. [ 26 ] In the mid-1990s, a proposal was forwarded to have the market transformed into 15-story buildings. Construction workers were hired, but in the end no changes were made. Redevelopment continued to stall, even by 2016. [ 27 ] Looking down at the central area of the market (2013) Shopping street in the market In the 1990s, the market began shifting from wholesales to retail. However, overall market sales significantly dropped. This was due to a number of factors, including the 1997 Asian financial crisis , competition from Dongdaemun Market, and liberalization on import restricts (and thus more competition). Dongdaemun Market became more associated with younger shoppers, whereas Namdaemun Market appealed to older. [ 28 ] Furthermore, the ownership structure of the market is reportedly complex, with stores sometimes belonging to five owners. Disagreements between these owners and across stores has reportedly hampered development. [ 29 ] The number of vendors increased from 4,205 in 1982 to 11,886 in 2013. [ 30 ] The proportion of goods sold also changed; clothing went from 60% of the market's sales to 36.8%, and accessories went from 5% to 29.5%. Produce and fish sellers went from 5% to being virtually absent from the market during that time. [ 31 ] Vendors also shifted from mainly manufacturing their own products to outsourcing production on contract. [ 32 ] The rise of the internet and online shopping has reportedly negatively impacted Namdaemun Market. Whereas Dongdaemun Market and its younger audience reportedly smoothly managed the transition to the internet, Namdaemun Market's older audience preferred to do their shopping in person. [ 33 ] The city of Seoul announced plans to renovate the market in 2007, with renovations continuing into 2010. [ 34 ] Market gate 5 In June 2013, the market had 11,886 shops. 3,501 sold accessories like earrings and hairpins, 3,475 sold clothing, and 909 sold children's clothes. Fashion shops accounted for 66.3% of the total. 973 stores (8.2%) sold kitchen products, handicrafts and local products. 913 were restaurants and health food shops, and 580 sold glasses, watches, and camera. [ 30 ] Many of its stores are operated by a single person or family. [ 35 ] Goods are typically transported within the market by motorcycle or handcart. [ 36 ] There are also numerous street stalls, with some operating by day and others by night. [ 37 ] Namdaemun Market Corporation buildings [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Building Building A Building B Building C (Central Shopping Mall) Building D (Daedo Shopping Complex) Building E (E-World) Building F (Daedo Market) Building G (Daedo Arcade) Wing's Town Queen Plaza Yoseong Namdo Building Ginseng shop Buildings A and B (which are actually each composed of smaller buildings) are together known as the Main Building of the market, and are the oldest buildings in the market. [ 40 ] They are in the location of the original granary building used for the market in the Joseon period. [ 41 ] How each building is managed reportedly differs. Generally, the exterior of the buildings, utilities, and exterior security are maintained by the building's jijuhoe ( 지주회 ; lit. landowners' assembly). The jijuhoe collects upkeep fees from the various merchants. Their funds and activities are managed by a management office. The management office manages security inside the buildings and cleaning the interior. [ 42 ] The market is popular with tourists. It has signs in other languages in order to appeal to them, translators, and multilingual employees are reportedly valued. [ 43 ] Health foods like ginseng are reportedly popular with Chinese tourists. [ 44 ] Dried squid and jwipo There are a number of alleyways that specialize in certain dishes in the market. One alleyway, in building A, is for galchi-jorim , spicy braised cutlassfish . [ 45 ] [ 39 ] Another is for kal-guksu , a noodle dish. And a third is for hotteok , stuffed pancakes, including vegetables, nuts, and sweet condiments. [ 39 ] Within the borders of the market is a historic Japanese colonial-era building [ ko ] now called Ilchul Apartment ( 일출 아파트 ). [ 46 ] [ 47 ] [ 48 ] Its Japanese name was Hinode ( 日出 ). It was primarily used as a short-term residence for people working nearby. After the Korean War, it came to be occupied by war refugees, who continued to live there afterwards. In recent years, few people live in the building; it has mostly come to be used by merchants in Namdaemun Market as office or storage space. [ 47 ] 37°33′34.00″N 126°58′38.70″E / 37.5594444°N 126.9774167°E / 37.5594444; 126.9774167
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[Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamdaemun_Market) - [Download QR code](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNamdaemun_Market) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Namdaemun_Market&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikimedia Commons](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market) - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q494687 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide [Coordinates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system "Geographic coordinate system"): [37°33′34.00″N 126°58′38.70″E / 37\.5594444°N 126.9774167°E / 37\.5594444; 126.9774167](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namdaemun_Market&params=37_33_34.00_N_126_58_38.70_E_source:kowiki_region:KR) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Traditional market in Seoul, South Korea \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg/250px-%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%8B%9D_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)View of the market from above (2013) \| \| \| [![Map](https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Namdaemun_Market&revid=1294002969&groups=_473533c3344fcd6c238a8dc60a87f5cff9728884)]() \| \| \| Address \| 21, Namdaemunsijang 4-gil, [Jung District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung_District "Jung District"), [Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul "Seoul"), South Korea \| \| No. of stores and services \| 5,200 \| \| [Total retail floor area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_leasable_area "Gross leasable area") \| 64,612 m2 (695,480 sq ft) \| \| Website \| [www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr/index.php](http://www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr/index.php) (multiple languages) \| \| [Seoul Future Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Future_Heritage "Seoul Future Heritage") \| \| \| Reference no. \| 2013-046[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-1) \| \| Korean name \| \| \| [Hangul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul "Hangul") \| 남대문시장 \| \| [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja") \| 南大門市場 \| \| [Revised Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean "Revised Romanization of Korean") \| Namdaemun Sijang \| \| [McCune–Reischauer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer "McCune–Reischauer") \| Namdaemun Sijang \| Namdaemun Market ([Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language "Korean language"): 남대문시장; [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja"): 南大門市場) is a large traditional [market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_\(place\) "Market (place)") in [Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul "Seoul"), South Korea. It is located next to [Namdaemun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun "Namdaemun"), the main southern gate to the old city.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-ndm_doosan-2) The market is among the oldest extant markets in Korea, having opened during the [Joseon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon "Joseon") period in 1414. The market's character, location, and size have all changed over time. Amidst Joseon's [isolationism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationism "Isolationism") in the 16th and 17th centuries, the market was limited to mostly Korean customers and merchants. This persisted until the [Empire of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan "Empire of Japan") forcefully opened Korea in the [Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1876 "Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876"). Afterwards, nearly half of the merchants became either ethnic Chinese or Japanese merchants. During the 1910–1945 [Japanese colonial period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule "Korea under Japanese rule"), the market survived a number of attempts by the Japanese colonial government to shut it down. The market was destroyed a number of times over time by accidental fires, including one during the 1950–1953 [Korean War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War "Korean War"). Each time it was destroyed, it was rebuilt to roughly the same size and status it had previously operated under. Today the market has been modernized, although it retains much of its bustling character. It is largely jointly owned by a collective of the merchants who operate within it. According to the Seoul Institute, it contained 5,200 stores, had 9,090 workers, and had an area of 64,612 m2 (695,480 sq ft) as of 2016[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit).[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-3) ## History \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: History")\] ### Creation of the market \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Creation of the market")\] In 1394, shortly after the establishment of the [Joseon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon "Joseon") dynasty, King [Taejo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taejo_of_Joseon "Taejo of Joseon") made Seoul the capital city. The government set about redesigning the city according to principles set out in the Chinese bureaucratic text [Rites of Zhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou "Rites of Zhou"). They managed to place buildings like the royal palace [Gyeongbokgung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongbokgung "Gyeongbokgung") and the altar [Sajikdan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajikdan "Sajikdan") according to the book. However, the book dictated that markets should be placed north of the royal palace. As there was not much space between the royal palace and the mountain just north of the palace, [Bugaksan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugaksan "Bugaksan"), they decided to place markets elsewhere.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201619-4) A market roughly in the same area as the current Namdaemun Market finished construction in September 1414, during the reign of King [Taejong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taejong_of_Joseon "Taejong of Joseon"). It was one of four market construction projects that occurred in the city between 1412 and 1414. A government-licensed shop that specialized in importing silks (선전; 縇廛; seonjeon) was the first to open in the market. Soon afterwards followed a large number of government-licensed shops (시전행랑; 市廛行廊; sijeon haengrang) that sold a variety of items, but mostly clothing, food, and household items.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201619%E2%80%9320-5) ### Development \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Development")\] During the 1592–1598 [Japanese invasions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_\(1592%E2%80%931598\) "Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)"), 1627 [Later Jin invasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Jin_invasion_of_Joseon "Later Jin invasion of Joseon"), and the 1636 [Qing invasion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_invasion_of_Joseon "Qing invasion of Joseon"), activity in the market slowed. In the aftermath of these invasions, activity rapidly picked back up, as farmers fled from the countryside and sought opportunities in the capital. Around this time, the market became one of the three largest markets in the city.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201622%E2%80%9323-6) It mostly operated early in the mornings, so people could buy needed supplies for the day.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201628-7) Joseon operated under a policy of [isolationism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolationism "Isolationism") after these invasions, and foreigners were relatively uncommon in the markets. However, after Japan forced Joseon to open its ports in the [Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1876 "Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876"), the number of international traders and shops rapidly increased. Chinese traders went from 99 in 1883 to 1,254 in 1893, Chinese-run shops went from 19 to 142, and 71 Japanese merchants in 1885 rose to 625 by 1890. Local merchants protested against this foreign competition, but nothing could be done.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201625%E2%80%9326-8) Beginning in 1896, the [Korean Empire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire "Korean Empire") (the successor to Joseon) government began efforts to rapidly modernize the country and Seoul. Due to numerous construction projects, a number of shops in the area were displaced, and by January 1897, a number of them moved into a building formerly used for distributing grain to the public (상평창; 常平倉; Sangpyeongchang; lit. Ever-normal Granary) and began selling there. This market is considered a clear predecessor to Namdaemun Market. In contrast to other previous markets, it operated throughout the day.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201621,_28-9) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Old_korea_market.jpg/250px-Old_korea_market.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_korea_market.jpg) A photo of a predecessor to Namdaemun Market, taken around 1902–1903 by Italian diplomat to Korea [Carlo Rossetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rossetti_\(diplomat\) "Carlo Rossetti (diplomat)").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-10) The markets inside the former granary did not pay taxes until 1899. Taxes were first collected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, and then by the Office of Crown Property in 1901. By 1907, around 250 to 300 merchants operated inside the building. Roughly 50% were Korean, 30% Japanese, and 20% Chinese. According to 1909 research conducted by the Ministry of Finance, daily transactions amounted to 934,035 [won](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Empire_won "Korean Empire won").[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201628%E2%80%9329-11) ### Japanese colonial period \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Japanese colonial period")\] See also: [Korea under Japanese rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule "Korea under Japanese rule") From 1910 to 1945, Korea was a colony of the [Empire of Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan "Empire of Japan"). In 1911, a significant fire destroyed much of the market.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631-12) Despite this, the market was the largest in the city around this time, with a total sales volume of 2,181,600 [Korean yen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_yen "Korean yen") in 1916. This was around half of the total sales volume of all markets in the city.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201632-13) In September 1914, the [colonial government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ch%C5%8Dsen "Governor-General of Chōsen") proclaimed General Ordinance No. 136, which set out policies for closing and regulating markets. Namdaemun Market was classified as a "Category 1" market, a traditional market that either needed to be developed into a "Category 2" or "Category 3" market or closed altogether. The colonial government attempted to establish a public wholesale market in Namdaemun Market's place, but failed to do so.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631-12) The Joseon Agriculture Corporation, led by the [pro-Japanese collaborator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinilpa "Chinilpa") [Song Byeong-jun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Byeong-jun "Song Byeong-jun"), leased the land of the market for 15 years and invested 50,000 yen to build warehouses and buildings. He charged a 6 yen fee to merchants who wished to use the facilities: a price more expensive than the Korean Empire-era prices. As a result, the number of merchants dropped, but eventually recovered to 126 in 1921. However, a significant fire broke out in fall 1921, which destroyed all shops.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201631%E2%80%9332-14) Unable to recover from the loss, the Joseon Agriculture Corporation transferred its management of the market to the Jung-ang Trading Corporation, which was established on April 12, 1922, specifically to run the market.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201632%E2%80%9333-15) By 1930, sales volume dropped, although the number of merchants in the market was stable at around 200. The drop in sales has been attributed to the economy's shift towards corporate capitalism. Sales of general merchandise also decreased, as modern Japanese-owned department stores opened in the area. In 1931, the colonial government sold ownership of the property to Jung-ang Trading Corporation altogether at a tenth of its market value. Shortly afterwards, Jung-ang raised fees for merchants by around 40%. Korean merchants organized into an association on December 26, 1933, to protest this.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201634-16) In 1936, the market's name was changed to "Central Product Market" (중앙물산시장; 中央物産市場).[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:0-17) On March 24, 1938, the market's license expired, and the colonial government moved to replace it and [Dongdaemun Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongdaemun_Market "Dongdaemun Market") with a Gyeongseong Central Wholesale Market. Merchants again protested and organized, this time into the Gyeongseong Food Company. The colonial government implicitly allowed merchants to operate while the Gyeongseong Market was being constructed. After it opened on April 1, 1939, its impact was smaller than expected, so Namdaemun Market continued to thrive.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201634-16) ### Liberation of Korea \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Liberation of Korea")\] After [liberation in 1945](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day "Victory over Japan Day"), more than 200 merchants formed the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association and took over management.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-ndm_ekc-19) Initially, the [United States Army Military Government in Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea "United States Army Military Government in Korea"), which governed the southern half of the peninsula at the time, classified the Association as "enemy property" (Japanese-owned). This was protested by the Association, which argued that 80% of shares were held by Koreans.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:0-17) The immediate outcome of this protest is not known, but by 1952, the Association managed the market.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg/250px-1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1959%EB%85%84_%ED%98%84_%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EB%A1%9C_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%83%81%EA%B0%80_%EC%95%9E.jpg) People walk the nearby street, Namdaemunno (1959) In 1950, the [Korean War](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War "Korean War") began, and most of the 250 shops in the market were destroyed.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) When vendors returned to the market in June 1951, they found that the area had been cordoned off by barbed wire. Activities restarted with around 100 stalls and makeshift stores in the [Bukchang-dong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukchang-dong "Bukchang-dong") area. By 1953, 150 shops and 500 street stalls were in the market.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) In 1952, the market restarted the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association. Its president Um Bok-man, who was involved in organized crime, siphoned off funds from the market. He was removed from his position by the Seoul government in 1957, and replaced with Kim Woo-taek.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638%E2%80%9339-20) At the time, it sold a large amount of contraband and military supplies from the U.S. military bases. Consequently, it was nicknamed "Dokkaebi Market", after a [mischievous goblin-like creature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokkaebi "Dokkaebi") from Korean folklore.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201636-18) [Kkulkkuri-juk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkulkkuri-juk "Kkulkkuri-juk"), an improvized dish that preceded the modern [budae-jjigae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budae-jjigae "Budae-jjigae"), was sold in the market.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638-21) The market also began to host numerous [North Korean refugees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korean_defectors "North Korean defectors"); thus the nickname "Abai Market" (아바이시장) emerged, where abai refers to an old person in a North Korean dialect.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201638-21) The market suffered a significant fire in 1954.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-22)[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23) After which, many merchants relocated to [Dongdaemun Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongdaemun_Market "Dongdaemun Market"). By 1959, Namdaemun Market had lower business activity than Dongdaemun Market.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23) In 1962, the market's license was revoked due to it not meeting the standards of the city. The license was reinstated in 1967, and it has remained in place until the present.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201639-23) ### Redevelopment efforts \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: Redevelopment efforts")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg/250px-1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1977%EB%85%84_9%EC%9B%94_14%EC%9D%BC_%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5_%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC1.jpg) A fire at the market in 1977 In 1968, mayor of Seoul [Kim Hyeon-ok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Hyeon-ok "Kim Hyeon-ok") proposed converting the market into an 18-story shopping complex. Shortly afterwards, a significant fire broke out in the market on November 25, 1968. Kim's plans were scaled down to just three floors. More buildings were then constructed over time, with three buildings opening in 1969, two in 1970, and one in 1971.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201640%E2%80%9341-24) Beginning in 1977, efforts were made to move the wholesale agricultural and marine products vendors to different markets.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201643-25) In the 1980s, efforts were made to make the market's goods more specialized. For example, one of its buildings began selling primarily textiles, clothes, and handicrafts. Specialization in those areas have since persisted.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201643-25) However, redevelopment on the main building of the market stagnated, due to plans needing 80% approval from the building's occupants.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201641%E2%80%9342-26) In the mid-1990s, a proposal was forwarded to have the market transformed into 15-story buildings. Construction workers were hired, but in the end no changes were made. Redevelopment continued to stall, even by 2016.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201642-27) ### Recent history \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Recent history")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg/250px-%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8_%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EB%A1%9C%EC%9D%98_%EB%85%B8%EC%A0%90.jpg) Looking down at the central area of the market (2013) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg/250px-Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Namdaemun_shopping_street.jpg) Shopping street in the market In the 1990s, the market began shifting from wholesales to retail. However, overall market sales significantly dropped. This was due to a number of factors, including the [1997 Asian financial crisis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis "1997 Asian financial crisis"), competition from Dongdaemun Market, and liberalization on import restricts (and thus more competition). Dongdaemun Market became more associated with younger shoppers, whereas Namdaemun Market appealed to older.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201644%E2%80%9345-28) Furthermore, the ownership structure of the market is reportedly complex, with stores sometimes belonging to five owners. Disagreements between these owners and across stores has reportedly hampered development.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016106%E2%80%93108-29) The number of vendors increased from 4,205 in 1982 to 11,886 in 2013.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201651-30) The proportion of goods sold also changed; clothing went from 60% of the market's sales to 36.8%, and accessories went from 5% to 29.5%. Produce and fish sellers went from 5% to being virtually absent from the market during that time.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201652-31) Vendors also shifted from mainly manufacturing their own products to outsourcing production on contract.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201660-32) The rise of the internet and [online shopping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_shopping "Online shopping") has reportedly negatively impacted Namdaemun Market. Whereas Dongdaemun Market and its younger audience reportedly smoothly managed the transition to the internet, Namdaemun Market's older audience preferred to do their shopping in person.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201663-33) The city of Seoul announced plans to renovate the market in 2007, with renovations continuing into 2010.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-34) ## Characteristics \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Characteristics")\] [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg/250px-Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Namdaemun_Market_Gate_5.jpg) Market gate 5 In June 2013, the market had 11,886 shops. 3,501 sold accessories like earrings and hairpins, 3,475 sold clothing, and 909 sold children's clothes. Fashion shops accounted for 66.3% of the total. 973 stores (8.2%) sold kitchen products, handicrafts and local products. 913 were restaurants and health food shops, and 580 sold glasses, watches, and camera.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201651-30) Many of its stores are operated by a single person or family.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201658-35) Goods are typically transported within the market by motorcycle or handcart.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201661-36) There are also numerous street stalls, with some operating by day and others by night.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201694%E2%80%9395-37) \| Building \| \|---\| \| Building A \| \| Building B \| \| Building C (Central Shopping Mall) \| \| Building D (Daedo Shopping Complex) \| \| Building E (E-World) \| \| Building F (Daedo Market) \| \| Building G (Daedo Arcade) \| \| Wing's Town \| \| Queen Plaza \| \| Yoseong Namdo Building \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg/250px-Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seoul-Namdaemun.Market-ginseng.jpg) [Ginseng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginseng "Ginseng") shop Buildings A and B (which are actually each composed of smaller buildings) are together known as the Main Building of the market, and are the oldest buildings in the market.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201688-40) They are in the location of the original granary building used for the market in the Joseon period.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016104-41) How each building is managed reportedly differs. Generally, the exterior of the buildings, utilities, and exterior security are maintained by the building's jijuhoe (지주회; lit. landowners' assembly). The jijuhoe collects upkeep fees from the various merchants. Their funds and activities are managed by a management office. The management office manages security inside the buildings and cleaning the interior.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016108%E2%80%93110-42) The market is popular with tourists. It has signs in other languages in order to appeal to them, translators, and multilingual employees are reportedly valued.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201698,_102,_126-43) Health foods like [ginseng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginseng "Ginseng") are reportedly popular with Chinese tourists.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016100-44) [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg/250px-Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Namdaemun_Market_1998.jpg) Dried [squid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squid "Squid") and [jwipo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jwipo "Jwipo") There are a number of alleyways that specialize in certain dishes in the market. One alleyway, in building A, is for [galchi-jorim](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galchi-jorim&action=edit&redlink=1 "Galchi-jorim (page does not exist)"), spicy braised [cutlassfish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlassfish "Cutlassfish").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong201698%E2%80%93100-45)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:1-39) Another is for [kal-guksu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal-guksu "Kal-guksu"), a noodle dish. And a third is for [hotteok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotteok "Hotteok"), stuffed pancakes, including vegetables, nuts, and sweet condiments.[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:1-39) Within the borders of the market is a historic [Japanese colonial-era building](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_colonial_buildings_in_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1 "Japanese colonial buildings in Korea (page does not exist)") \[[ko](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%82%B0%EA%B0%80%EC%98%A5 "ko:적산가옥")\] now called Ilchul Apartment (일출 아파트).[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-FOOTNOTESong2016162%E2%80%93163-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:2-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-48) Its Japanese name was Hinode (日出). It was primarily used as a short-term residence for people working nearby. After the Korean War, it came to be occupied by war refugees, who continued to live there afterwards. In recent years, few people live in the building; it has mostly come to be used by merchants in Namdaemun Market as office or storage space.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_note-:2-47) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: See also")\] - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Seoul_cropped.gif/40px-Flag_of_Seoul_cropped.gif)[Seoul portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Seoul "Portal:Seoul") - ![flag](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png)[South Korea portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:South_Korea "Portal:South Korea") - [Shopping in Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_in_Seoul "Shopping in Seoul") - [List of markets in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_markets_in_South_Korea "List of markets in South Korea") - [List of South Korean tourist attractions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_tourist_attractions "List of South Korean tourist attractions") ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-1) ["남대문시장"](https://futureheritage.seoul.go.kr/futureHeritageMeet/futureHeritage/view.do?order=&htNo=471&htCateValue=&htSelectGuValue=&htConditionValue=&selectYearValue=&buildYearValue=&fetchStart=1&srchType=title&searchTitle=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8). [Seoul Future Heritage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Future_Heritage "Seoul Future Heritage") (in Korean). [Seoul Metropolitan Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Government "Seoul Metropolitan Government"). Retrieved 30 March 2025. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-ndm_doosan_2-0) [Namdaemun Market](http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=35344)\[[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] at [Doosan Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doosan_Encyclopedia "Doosan Encyclopedia") (in Korean) 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-3) [서울에서 가장 큰 전통시장은?](https://www.si.re.kr/node/55858) \[What is the Largest Traditional Market in Seoul?\]. 서울연구원 (in Korean). 9 September 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230815073743/https://www.si.re.kr/node/55858) from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201619_4-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 19. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201619%E2%80%9320_5-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 19–20. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201622%E2%80%9323_6-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 22–23. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201628_7-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 28. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201625%E2%80%9326_8-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 25–26. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201621,_28_9-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 21, 28. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-10) 강, 가희 (25 April 2017). [전시로 보는 '남대문시장의 120년'](https://www.kocis.go.kr/koreanet/view.do?seq=7829&page=7&pageSize=10&photoPageSize=6&totalCount=0&searchType=&searchText=&cateCode=) \[Seeing '120 Years of Namdaemun Market' As It Was\]. [Korean Culture and Information Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Culture_and_Information_Service "Korean Culture and Information Service") (in Korean). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241210091140/https://www.kocis.go.kr/koreanet/view.do?seq=7829&page=7&pageSize=10&photoPageSize=6&totalCount=0&searchType=&searchText=&cateCode=) from the original on 10 December 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2023. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201628%E2%80%9329_11-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 28–29. 12. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631_12-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631_12-1) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 31. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201632_13-0)* [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 32. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201631%E2%80%9332_14-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 31–32. 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201632%E2%80%9333_15-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 32–33. 16. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201634_16-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201634_16-1) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 34. 17. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:0_17-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:0_17-1) 최, 유진 (30 July 2018). [남대문시장(주) 7대 회장단 이취임](http://www.sisaenews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1048) \[The 7th Chairman of the Namdaemun Market Merchant Association Takes Over\]. Sisa Economic News* (in Korean). Retrieved 20 August 2023. 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-3) [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-4) [f](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201636_18-5) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 36. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-ndm_ekc_19-0)* [Namdaemun Market](http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=293153&v=44) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110610020034/http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=293153&v=44) 10 June 2011 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean) 20. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638%E2%80%9339_20-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 38–39. 21. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638_21-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201638_21-1) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 38. 22. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-22)* [남대문시장](https://theme.archives.go.kr/next/koreaOfRecord/namdaemun.do#:~:text=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%97%90%EB%8A%94%20%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%85%20%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC,%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%98%20%EA%B1%B4%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%B4%20%EC%84%B8%EC%9B%8C%EC%A1%8C%EB%8B%A4.) . [National Archives of Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Archives_of_Korea "National Archives of Korea"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241006083221/https://theme.archives.go.kr/next/koreaOfRecord/namdaemun.do#:~:text=%EB%82%A8%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5%EC%97%90%EB%8A%94%20%EC%9C%A0%EB%8F%85%20%ED%99%94%EC%9E%AC,%EA%B7%9C%EB%AA%A8%EC%9D%98%20%EA%B1%B4%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%B4%20%EC%84%B8%EC%9B%8C%EC%A1%8C%EB%8B%A4.) from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024. 23. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201639_23-2) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 39. 24. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201640%E2%80%9341_24-0)* [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 40–41. 25. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201643_25-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201643_25-1) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 43. 26. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201641%E2%80%9342_26-0)* [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 41–42. 27. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201642_27-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 42. 28. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201644%E2%80%9345_28-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 44–45. 29. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016106%E2%80%93108_29-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 106–108. 30. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201651_30-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201651_30-1) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 51. 31. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201652_31-0)* [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 52. 32. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201660_32-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 60. 33. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201663_33-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 63. 34. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-34) [남대문시장 50년만에 재개발](https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20070313013010) . [Seoul Shinmun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Shinmun "Seoul Shinmun") (in Korean). 13 March 2007. Retrieved 22 March 2024. 35. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201658_35-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 58. 36. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201661_36-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 61. 37. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201694%E2%80%9395_37-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 94–95. 38. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201650_38-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 50. 39. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:1_39-2) [남대문관광특구 남대문시장](http://namdaemunmarket.co.kr/05_cst/02.php) . namdaemunmarket.co.kr. Retrieved 31 October 2024. 40. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201688_40-0)* [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 88. 41. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016104_41-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 104. 42. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016108%E2%80%93110_42-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 108–110. 43. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201698,_102,_126_43-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 98, 102, 126. 44. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016100_44-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), p. 100. 45. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong201698%E2%80%93100_45-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 98–100. 46. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESong2016162%E2%80%93163_46-0) [Song (2016)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#CITEREFSong2016), pp. 162–163. 47. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:2_47-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-:2_47-1) [일출아파트](https://smarttour.junggu.seoul.kr/history/detailDetail.do?dthSn=204) . smarttour.junggu.seoul.kr. Retrieved 31 October 2024. 48. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namdaemun_Market#cite_ref-48)* [\[이젠 할머니들\] 남대문 암달러상 1억 강도당했다](https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2001/06/25/2001062570202.html) . [The Chosun Ilbo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo "The Chosun Ilbo") (in Korean). 14 August 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241210092516/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2001/06/25/2001062570202.html) from the original on 10 December 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024. ### Sources \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Sources")\] - Song, Inho, ed. (2016). [Namdaemun Market](https://lib.seoul.go.kr/search/detail/CATTOT000001015041). Translated by Atkinson, Timothy V. [Seoul Museum of History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Museum_of_History "Seoul Museum of History"). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [979-1186324370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-1186324370 "Special:BookSources/979-1186324370") . ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: External links")\] - [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) Media related to [Namdaemun Market](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Namdaemun_Market "commons:Category:Namdaemun Market") at Wikimedia Commons - [Official website](http://www.namdaemunmarket.co.kr/index.php) (in Korean) - [Namdaemun Market on VisitKorea.or.kr](http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SH/SH_EN_7_2_4_1.jsp) \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Markets_in_South_Korea "Template:Markets in South Korea") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Markets_in_South_Korea "Template talk:Markets in South Korea") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Markets_in_South_Korea "Special:EditPage/Template:Markets in South Korea")[Markets in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_markets_in_South_Korea "List of markets in South Korea") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [Busan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan "Busan") \| [Busan Cooperative Fish Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busan_Cooperative_Fish_Market "Busan Cooperative Fish Market") [Busanjin Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busanjin_Market "Busanjin Market") [Dongnae Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongnae_Market "Dongnae Market") [Gukje Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gukje_Market "Gukje Market") [Jagalchi Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagalchi_Market "Jagalchi Market") \| \| [Cheongju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheongju "Cheongju") \| [Yukgeori Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukgeori_Market "Yukgeori Market") \| \| [Daegu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu "Daegu") \| [Chilseong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilseong_Market "Chilseong Market") [Seomun Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seomun_Market "Seomun Market") \| \| [Gyeongju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongju "Gyeongju") \| [Seongdong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seongdong_Market "Seongdong Market") \| \| [Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul "Seoul") \| [Bangsan Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangsan_Market "Bangsan Market") [Dongdaemun Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongdaemun_Market "Dongdaemun Market") [Dongmyo Flea Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongmyo_Flea_Market "Dongmyo Flea Market") [Garak Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garak_Market "Garak Market") [Gwangjang Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangjang_Market "Gwangjang Market") [Gyeongdong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongdong_Market "Gyeongdong Market") [Hwanghak-dong Flea Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwanghak-dong_Flea_Market "Hwanghak-dong Flea Market") [Namdaemun Market]() [Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noryangjin_Fisheries_Wholesale_Market "Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market") [Tongin Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongin_Market "Tongin Market") [Yongsan Electronics Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongsan_Electronics_Market "Yongsan Electronics Market") \| \| [Ulsan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan "Ulsan") \| [Daesong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daesong_Market "Daesong Market") [Eonyang Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eonyang_Market "Eonyang Market") [Sinjeong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinjeong_Market "Sinjeong Market") [Suam Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suam_Market "Suam Market") [Taehwa Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taehwa_Market "Taehwa Market") [Ulsan Beongae Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan_Beongae_Market "Ulsan Beongae Market") [Ulsan Central Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan_Central_Market "Ulsan Central Market") [Ulsan Lightning Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan_Lightning_Market "Ulsan Lightning Market") [Ulsan Wholesale Agricultural and Fish Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulsan_Wholesale_Agricultural_and_Fish_Market "Ulsan Wholesale Agricultural and Fish Market") [Wolbong Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolbong_Market "Wolbong Market") [Yaeum Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaeum_Market "Yaeum Market") \| \| [Jeju](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_Province "Jeju Province") \| [Jeju Dongmun Traditional Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeju_Dongmun_Traditional_Market "Jeju Dongmun Traditional Market") [Seogwipo Maeil Olle Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seogwipo_Maeil_Olle_Market "Seogwipo Maeil Olle Market") [Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seogwipo_Rural_Five-Day_Market "Seogwipo Rural Five-Day Market") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Seoul "Template:Seoul") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Seoul "Template talk:Seoul") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seoul "Special:EditPage/Template:Seoul")[Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul "Seoul") \| \| \| \|---\|---\|---\| \| [Government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Government "Seoul Metropolitan Government") [Council](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Council "Seoul Metropolitan Council") [Mayor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Seoul "Mayor of Seoul") [City Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul_City_Hall "Seoul City Hall") [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Seoul "History of Seoul") [Names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Seoul "Names of Seoul") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Seoul "Timeline of Seoul") [Climate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Seoul "Climate of Seoul") [Economy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Seoul "Economy of Seoul") [Shopping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping_in_Seoul "Shopping in Seoul") [Sport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Seoul "Sports in Seoul") [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Seoul "Tourism in Seoul") [Transport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_in_Seoul "Transportation in Seoul") \| \| \| \| [Districts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Seoul "List of districts of Seoul") \| \| [![Coat of arms of Seoul](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Logo_of_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.svg/60px-Logo_of_Seoul%2C_South_Korea.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_Seoul,_South_Korea.svg "Coat of arms of Seoul") \| \| \| \| \| \| North of the [Han River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_\(Korea\) "Han River (Korea)") (Gangbuk) \| [Dobong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobong_District "Dobong District") [Dongdaemun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongdaemun_District "Dongdaemun District") [Eunpyeong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunpyeong_District "Eunpyeong District") [Gangbuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangbuk_District "Gangbuk District") [Gwangjin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwangjin_District "Gwangjin District") [Jongno](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jongno_District "Jongno District") [Jung](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jung_District,_Seoul "Jung District, Seoul") [Jungnang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungnang_District "Jungnang District") [Mapo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapo_District "Mapo District") [Nowon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowon_District "Nowon District") [Seodaemun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seodaemun_District "Seodaemun District") [Seongbuk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seongbuk_District "Seongbuk District") [Seongdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seongdong_District "Seongdong District") [Yongsan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongsan_District "Yongsan District") \| \| \| South of the [Han River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_River_\(Korea\) "Han River (Korea)") ([Gangnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam_\(Seoul\) "Gangnam (Seoul)")) \| [Dongjak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongjak_District "Dongjak District") [Gangdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangdong_District "Gangdong District") [Gangnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam_District "Gangnam District") [Gangseo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangseo_District,_Seoul "Gangseo District, Seoul") [Geumcheon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geumcheon_District "Geumcheon District") [Guro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guro_District,_Seoul "Guro District, Seoul") [Gwanak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwanak_District "Gwanak District") [Songpa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songpa_District "Songpa District") [Seocho](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seocho_District "Seocho District") [Yangcheon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangcheon_District "Yangcheon District") [Yeongdeungpo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeongdeungpo_District "Yeongdeungpo District") \| \| \| [Business districts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_business_district "Central business district") \| [Downtown Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Seoul "Downtown Seoul") (Central Business District, CBD) [Gangnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangnam "Gangnam") Business District (GBD) [Yeouido](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeouido "Yeouido") Business District (YBD) \| \| \| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [![Edit this at Wikidata](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png)](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494687#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| International \| [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/1825149416747789730002) \| \| National \| [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2017025857) [Korea](https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH2001011799) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007393342505171) \| [37°33′34.00″N 126°58′38.70″E / 37\.5594444°N 126.9774167°E / 37\.5594444; 126.9774167](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Namdaemun_Market&params=37_33_34.00_N_126_58_38.70_E_source:kowiki_region:KR) ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Namdaemun_Market&oldid=1294002969>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Jung District, Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Jung_District,_Seoul "Category:Jung District, Seoul") - [Shopping districts and streets in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Shopping_districts_and_streets_in_South_Korea "Category:Shopping districts and streets in South Korea") - [Retail markets in Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Retail_markets_in_Seoul "Category:Retail markets in Seoul") - [Food markets in South Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Food_markets_in_South_Korea "Category:Food markets in South Korea") - [Downtown Seoul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Downtown_Seoul "Category:Downtown Seoul") - [Seoul Future Heritages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Seoul_Future_Heritages "Category:Seoul Future Heritages") Hidden categories: - [CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_Korean-language_sources_\(ko\) "Category:CS1 Korean-language sources (ko)") - [All articles with dead external links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links "Category:All articles with dead external links") - [Articles with dead external links from March 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