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| Boilerpipe Text | Mid Autumn Festival
Festival decorations in
Beijing
Also called
Moon Festival, Mooncake Festival
Observed by
Chinese people
Type
Cultural, religious
Significance
To celebrate the end of the autumn harvest
Celebrations
Lantern lighting,
mooncake
making and sharing, courtship and matchmaking, fireworks, family gatherings,
dragon dances
, family meals, visiting friends and relatives, gift-giving
Observances
Consumption of
mooncakes
and
cassia wine
Date
15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar
2025 date
6 October
2026 date
25 September
2027 date
15 September
Frequency
Annual
Related to
Chuseok
(Korea),
Tsukimi
(Japan),
Tết Trung Thu
(Vietnam),
Uposatha
of
Ashvini
or
Krittika
(Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
中秋節
Simplified Chinese
中秋节
Literal meaning
"Mid-Autumn Festival"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhōngqiū jié
Wade–Giles
Chung
1
-ch'iu
1
chieh
2
IPA
[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.tɕʰjóʊ tɕjě]
Wu
Romanization
Tson-tshieu tsiq
Hakka
Romanization
Chûng-chhiû-chiet
Zúng qiú jièd
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Jūng-chāu jit
Jyutping
Zung
1
-cau
1
zit
3
IPA
[tsʊŋ˥.tsʰɐw˥ tsit̚˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien
POJ
Tiong-chhiu-cheh
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
BUC
Dṳ̆ng-chiŭ-cáik
Calendar date name
Chinese
八月十五
/
八月半
Literal meaning
"Fifteenth/Half of the Eighth Month"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Bāyuè shíwǔ/bàn
Wu
Romanization
Paq
7
-yuq
8
zeq
8
-ng
6
Paq
7
-yuq
8
-poe
5
Hakka
Romanization
Bàd ngiad seb ǹg
Bàd ngiad ban
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping
Baat
3
jyut
6
sap
6
ng
5
Southern Min
Hokkien
POJ
Poeh-ge̍h-cha̍p-gō͘
Poeh-ge̍h-pòaⁿ
Regional name
Traditional Chinese
八月節
Literal meaning
"Eighth Month Festival"
Transcriptions
Hakka
Romanization
Pat-ngie̍t-chiet
Southern Min
Hokkien
POJ
Peh-go̍eh-cheh
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
BUC
Báik-nguŏk-cáik
The
Mid-Autumn Festival
, also known as the
Moon Festival
or
Mooncake Festival
, is a
harvest festival
celebrated in
Chinese culture
. It occurs on the 15th day of the 8th month of the
Chinese lunisolar calendar
and can fall between 7 September and 8 October (inclusive) of the
Gregorian calendar
.
[
1
]
[
2
]
On this day, the Chinese believe that the moon is at its fullest and brightest, coinciding with the time of harvest in the middle of autumn.
[
3
]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important holidays and celebrations in Chinese culture. The history of the festival dates back over 3,000 years.
[
4
]
[
5
]
Similar festivals are celebrated by other cultures in
East
and
Southeast Asia
.
During the festival, lanterns of all sizes and shapes – symbolizing beacons that light the path toward prosperity and good fortune for the people – are carried and displayed.
Mooncakes
, a rich pastry typically filled with sweet-bean or lotus-seed paste, are eaten during this festival.
[
6
]
[
7
]
[
8
]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is based on the legend of
Chang'e
, the Moon goddess in
Chinese mythology
.
[
9
]
It is an official holiday in both
China
[
10
]
and
Taiwan
[
11
]
and the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is an official holiday in both
Hong Kong
[
12
]
and
Macau
.
[
13
]
The festival is so-named as it is held around the
autumn equinox
on the 15th of the 8th lunisolar month in the
Chinese calendar
.
[
5
]
Its name varies among
Sinitic languages
, with the most common one being
Mid-Autumn Festival
or simply
Mid-Autumn
(
中秋
), as well as its traditional calendar date, either
Fifteenth of the Eighth Month
or
Half of the Eighth Month
, which is more regional. Other regional names include
Eighth Month Festival,
used in places such as
Northeast China
,
Southern Fujian
, and
Jianghuai
;
Festival of Unity
(
simplified Chinese
:
团圆节
;
traditional Chinese
:
團圓節
;
Wugniu
:
doe
2
-yoe
2
-ciq
7
;
Nanjingese
:
tuang
2
üän
2
zie
5
), used in
Shanghai
and
Nanjing
; and
Mooncake Festival
(
simplified Chinese
:
月饼节
;
traditional Chinese
:
月餅節
;
Jyutping
:
jyut
6
beng
2
zit
3
), used in
Guangdong
and
Hong Kong
.
[
14
]
Outside China, there are several other names for the festival:
Chuseok
(
추석
;
秋夕
;
lit.
'
'autumn eve'
'
),
Korean
festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese and other East Asian lunisolar calendars.
[
15
]
Tsukimi
(
月見
;
lit.
'
moon viewing
'
)
, Japanese variant of the Mid-Autumn Festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese lunisolar calendar.
Moon Festival or Harvest Moon Festival, because of the celebration's association with the full moon on this night, as well as the traditions of Moon worship and Moon viewing.
Tết Trung Thu
(
節中秋
in
Chữ Nôm
), in Vietnam.
Also known as The Children's Festival in Vietnam. Most festival songs are sung by the children.
[
16
]
Lantern Festival, a term sometimes used in
Singapore
,
Malaysia
and
Indonesia
,
[
17
]
which is not to be confused with the
Lantern Festival
in China that occurs on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese calendar.
However, 'Mid-Autumn Festival' is more widely used by locals when referring to the festival in English and 'Zhōngqiū Jié' is used when referring to the festival in Chinese.
[
citation needed
]
Bon Om Touk
, or The Water and Moon Festival in
Cambodian
. The festival is held each year in November for 3 days.
[
18
]
The festival celebrates three fundamental concepts that are closely connected:
Gathering
: Such as family and friends coming together, or harvesting crops for the festival. It is said that the Moon is the brightest and roundest on this day which means family reunion. Consequently, this is the main reason why the festival is thought to be important.
Giving thanks
: To give thanks for the harvest, or for harmonious unions through activities like giving mooncakes to each other.
Praying
(asking for conceptual or material satisfaction): Praying for things such as babies, a spouse, beauty, longevity, or a good future
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival are formed around these concepts,
[
19
]
although traditions have changed over time due to changes in technology, science, economy, culture, and religion.
[
19
]
Origins and development
[
edit
]
The Chinese have celebrated the harvest during the autumn full moon since the
Shang dynasty
(
c.
1600
–1046 BCE).
[
19
]
[
20
]
The term
mid-autumn
(中秋) first appeared in
Rites of Zhou
, a written collection of rituals of the
Western Zhou dynasty
(1046–771 BCE).
[
1
]
As for the royal court, it was dedicated to the goddess
Taiyinxingjun
(
太陰星君
;
Tàiyīn xīng jūn
). This is still true for
Taoism
and
Chinese folk religion
.
[
21
]
[
22
]
The celebration as a festival only started to gain popularity during the early
Tang dynasty
(618–907 CE).
[
1
]
One legend explains that
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
started to hold formal celebrations in his palace after having explored the Moon-Palace.
[
19
]
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival had become one of the main folk festivals in China. The
Empress Dowager Cixi
(late 19th century) enjoyed celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival so much that she would spend the period between the thirteenth and seventeenth day of the eighth month staging elaborate rituals.
[
5
]
Chang'e
, the Moon Goddess of Immortality
Houyi
helplessly looking at his wife Chang'e flying off to the Moon after she drank the elixir.
An important part of the festival celebration is Moon worship. The ancient Chinese believed in rejuvenation being associated with the Moon and water, and connected this concept to
menstruation
, calling it "monthly water".
[
23
]
The
Zhuang people
, for example, have an ancient fable saying the Sun and Moon are a couple and the stars are their children, and when the Moon is pregnant, it becomes round, and then becomes crescent after giving birth to a child. These beliefs made it popular among women to worship and give offerings to the Moon on this evening.
[
23
]
In some areas of China, there are still customs in which the "men do not worship the moon and the women do not offer sacrifices to the kitchen gods."
[
23
]
In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes the family reunion and on this day, all families will appreciate the Moon in the evening, because it is the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when the moon is at its fullest.
Offerings are also made to a more well-known lunar deity,
Chang'e
, known as the
Moon Goddess
of Immortality. The myths associated with Chang'e explain the origin of Moon worship during this day. One version of the story is as follows, as described in Lihui Yang's
Handbook of Chinese Mythology
:
[
24
]
In the ancient past, there was a hero named
Hou Yi
who was excellent at archery. His wife was
Chang'e
. One year, the ten suns rose in the sky together, causing great disaster to the people. Yi shot down nine of the suns and left only one to provide light. An immortal admired Yi and sent him the elixir of immortality. Yi did not want to leave Chang'e and be immortal without her, so he let Chang'e keep the elixir. However, Peng Meng, one of his apprentices, knew this secret. So, on the fifteenth of August in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when Yi went hunting, Peng Meng broke into Yi's house and forced Chang'e to give the elixir to him. Chang'e refused to do so. Instead, she swallowed it and flew into the sky. Since she loved her husband and hoped to live nearby, she chose the moon for her residence. When Yi came back and learned what had happened, he felt so sad that he displayed the fruits and cakes Chang'e liked in the yard and gave sacrifices to his wife. People soon learned about these activities, and sympathetic to Chang'e, they also participated in these sacrifices with Yi.
"when people learned of this story, they burnt incense on a long altar and prayed to Chang'e, now the goddess of the Moon, for luck and safety. The custom of praying to the Moon on Mid-Autumn Day has been handed down for thousands of years since that time."
[
25
]
Handbook of Chinese Mythology
also describes an alternate common version of the myth:
[
24
]
After the hero Houyi shot down nine of the ten suns, he was pronounced king by the thankful people. However, he soon became a conceited and tyrannical ruler. In order to live long without death, he asked for the elixir from
Xiwangmu
. But his wife, Chang'e, stole it on the fifteenth of August because she did not want the cruel king to live long and hurt more people. She took the magic potion to prevent her husband from becoming immortal. Houyi was so angry when discovered that Chang'e took the elixir, he shot at his wife as she flew toward the moon, though he missed. Chang'e fled to the moon and became the spirit of the moon. Houyi died soon because he was overcome with great anger. Thereafter, people offer a sacrifice to Chang'e on every fifteenth day of eighth month to commemorate Chang'e's action.
The festival was a time to enjoy the successful reaping of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon. Today, it is still an occasion for outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the Moon, a symbol of harmony and unity.
[
26
]
During a year of a solar eclipse, it is typical for governmental offices, banks, and schools to close extra days in order to enjoy the extended celestial celebration an eclipse brings. The festival is celebrated with many cultural or regional customs, among them:
Burning
incense
in reverence to deities including
Chang'e
.
Performance of
dragon
and
lion dances
, which is mainly practiced in southern China.
[
1
]
For information on a different festival that also involves lanterns, see
Lantern Festival
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns in Chinatown, Singapore
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns at a shop in Hong Kong
A notable part of celebrating the holiday is the carrying of brightly lit
lanterns
, lighting lanterns on towers, or floating
sky lanterns
.
[
1
]
Another tradition involving lanterns is to write riddles on them and have other people try to guess the answers (
simplified Chinese
:
灯谜
;
traditional Chinese
:
燈謎
;
pinyin
:
dēng mí
;
lit.
'lantern riddles').
[
27
]
It is difficult to discern the original purpose of lanterns in connection to the festival, but it is certain that lanterns were not used in conjunction with Moon-worship prior to the
Tang dynasty
.
[
19
]
Traditionally, the lantern has been used to symbolize fertility, and functioned mainly as a toy and decoration. But today the lantern has come to symbolize the festival itself.
[
19
]
In the old days, lanterns were made in the image of natural things, myths, and local cultures.
[
19
]
Over time, a greater variety of lanterns could be found as local cultures became influenced by their neighbors.
[
19
]
As China gradually evolved from an agrarian society to a mixed agrarian-commercial one, traditions from other festivals began to be transmitted into the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as the putting of lanterns on rivers to guide the spirits of the drowned as practiced during the
Ghost Festival
, which is observed a month before.
[
19
]
Hong Kong fishermen during the
Qing dynasty
, for example, would put up lanterns on their boats for the Ghost Festival and keep the lanterns up until Mid-Autumn Festival.
[
19
]
Typical lotus bean-filled mooncakes eaten during the festival
Making and sharing mooncakes is one of the hallmark traditions of this festival. In Chinese culture, a round shape symbolizes completeness and reunion. Thus, the sharing and eating of round mooncakes among family members during the week of the festival signifies the completeness and unity of families.
[
28
]
In some areas of China, there is a tradition of making mooncakes during the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.
[
29
]
The senior person in that household would cut the mooncakes into pieces and distribute them to each family member, signifying family reunion.
[
29
]
In modern times, however, making mooncakes at home has given way to the more popular custom of giving mooncakes to family members, although the meaning of maintaining familial unity remains.
[
citation needed
]
Although typical mooncakes can be around a few centimetres in diameter, imperial chefs have made some as large as 8 meters in diameter, with its surface pressed with designs of Chang'e,
cassia
trees, or the Moon-Palace.
[
26
]
One tradition is to pile 13 mooncakes on top of each other to mimic a
pagoda
, the number 13 being chosen to represent the 13 months in a full Chinese lunisolar year.
[
26
]
The spectacle of making very large mooncakes continues in modern China.
[
30
]
According to Chinese folklore, a
Turpan
businessman offered cakes to
Emperor Taizong of Tang
in his victory against the
Xiongnu
on the fifteenth day of the eighth Chinese lunisolar month. Taizong took the round cakes and pointed to the moon with a smile, saying, "I'd like to invite the toad to enjoy the
hú
(胡) cake." After sharing the cakes with his ministers, the custom of eating these
hú
cakes spread throughout the country.
[
31
]
Eventually these became known as
mooncakes
. Although the legend explains the beginnings of mooncake-giving, its popularity and ties to the festival began during the
Song dynasty
(906–1279 CE).
[
19
]
Another popular legend concerns the Han Chinese's uprising against the ruling Mongols at the end of the
Yuan dynasty
(1280–1368 CE), in which the Han Chinese used traditional mooncakes to conceal the message that they were to rebel on Mid-Autumn Day.
[
27
]
Because of strict controls upon Han Chinese families imposed by the Mongols in which only 1 out of every 10 households was allowed to own a knife guarded by a Mongolian, this coordinated message was important to gather as many available weapons as possible.
Other foods and food displays
[
edit
]
Cassia wine
is the traditional choice for "reunion wine" drunk during Mid-Autumn Festival
Vietnamese rice figurines, known as
tò he
Imperial dishes served on this occasion included nine-jointed lotus roots which symbolize peace, and watermelons cut in the shape of lotus petals which symbolize reunion.
[
26
]
Teacups were placed on stone tables in the garden, where the family would pour
tea
and chat, waiting for the moment when the full moon's reflection appeared in the center of their cups.
[
26
]
Owing to the timing of the plant's blossoms,
cassia wine
is the traditional choice for the "reunion wine" drunk on the occasion. Also, people will celebrate by eating cassia cakes and candy. In some places, people will celebrate by drinking osmanthus wine and eating osmanthus mooncakes.
[
32
]
[
33
]
[
34
]
Food offerings made to deities are placed on an altar set up in the courtyard, including apples, pears, peaches, grapes,
pomegranates
, melons, oranges, and
pomelos
.
[
35
]
One of the first decorations purchased for the celebration table is a clay statue of the
Jade Rabbit
. In Chinese folklore, the Jade Rabbit was an animal that lived on the Moon and accompanied Chang'e. Offerings of soy beans and cockscomb flowers were made to the Jade Rabbit.
[
26
]
Nowadays, in southern China, people will also eat some seasonal fruit that may differ in different district but carrying the same meaning of blessing.
Courtship and matchmaking
[
edit
]
The Mid-Autumn moon has traditionally been a choice occasion to celebrate marriages. Girls would pray to Moon deity
Chang'e
to help fulfill their romantic wishes.
[
5
]
In some parts of China, dances are held for young men and women to find partners. For example, young women are encouraged to throw their handkerchiefs to the crowd, and the young man who catches and returns the handkerchief has a chance at romance.
[
1
]
In
Daguang
, in southwest
Guizhou Province
, young men and women of the
Dong people
would make an appointment at a certain place. The young women would arrive early to overhear remarks made about them by the young men. The young men would praise their lovers in front of their fellows, in which finally the listening women would walk out of the thicket. Pairs of lovers would go off to a quiet place to open their hearts to each other.
[
23
]
Games and activities
[
edit
]
During the 1920s and 1930s, ethnographer Chao Wei-pang conducted research on traditional games among men, women and children on or around the Mid-Autumn day in the
Guangdong
Province. These games relate to flights of the soul, spirit possession, or fortunetelling.
[
26
]
One type of activity, "Ascent to Heaven" (
Chinese
:
上天堂
shàng tiāntáng
) involves a young lady selected from a circle of women to "ascend" into the celestial realm. While being enveloped in the smoke of burning incense, she describes the beautiful sights and sounds she encounters.
[
26
]
Another activity, "Descent into the Garden" (
Chinese
:
落花园
luò huāyuán
), played among younger girls, detailed each girl's visit to the heavenly gardens. According to legend, a flower tree represented her, and the number and color of the flowers indicated the sex and number of children she would have in her lifetime.
[
26
]
Men played a game called "Descent of the
Eight Immortals
" (
jiangbaxian
), where one of the Eight Immortals took possession of a player, who would then assume the role of a scholar or warrior.
[
26
]
Children would play a game called "Encircling the Toad" (
guanxiamo
), where the group would form a circle around a child chosen to be a Toad King and chanted a song that transformed the child into a toad. He would jump around like a toad until water was sprinkled on his head, in which he would then stop.
[
26
]
Mid-Autumn Festival at the Botanical Garden,
Montreal
Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival parade, Belfast City Hall,
Belfast
, Northern Ireland
A unique tradition is celebrated quite exclusively in the island city of
Xiamen
. During the festival, families and friends gather to play
Bo Bing
, a gambling sort of game involving 6 dice. People take turns in rolling the dice in a ceramic bowl with the results determining what they win. The number 4 is mainly what determines how big the prize is.
[
36
]
Hong Kong and Macau
[
edit
]
Lantern in
Senado Square
, Macau
In
Hong Kong
and
Macau
, the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday rather than the festival date itself (unless that date falls on a Sunday, then Monday is also a holiday), because many celebration events are held at night. Many businesses let employees off early on the day before. There are a number of festive activities such as lighting lanterns, but
mooncakes
are the most important feature there. However, people don't usually buy mooncakes for themselves, but to give their relatives as presents. People start to exchange these presents well in advance of the festival. Hence, mooncakes are sold in elegant boxes for presentation purpose. Also, the price for these boxes are not considered cheap—a four-mooncake box of the lotus seeds paste with egg yolks variety, can generally cost US$40 or more.
[
37
]
However, as
environmental protection
has become a concern of the public in recent years, many mooncake manufacturers in Hong Kong have adopted practices to reduce
packaging
materials to practical limits.
[
38
]
The mooncake manufacturers also explore in the creation of new types of mooncakes, such as
ice-cream mooncake
and
snow skin mooncake
.
There are also other traditions related to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong. Neighbourhoods across Hong Kong set impressive lantern exhibitions with traditional stage shows, game stalls, palm readings, and many other festive activities. The grandest celebrations take place in
Victoria Park (Hong Kong)
.
[
39
]
One of the brightest rituals is the Fire Dragon Dance dating back to the 19th century and recognised as a part of China's intangible cultural heritage.
[
40
]
[
41
]
The 200 foot-long fire dragon requires more than 300 people to operate, taking turns. The leader of the fire dragon dance would pray for peace, good fortune through blessings in Hakka. After the ritual ceremony, fire-dragon was thrown into the sea with lanterns and paper cards, which means the dragon would return to sea and take the misfortunes away.
[
41
]
Before 1941, there were also some celebration of Mid-Autumn Festival held in small villages in Hong Kong. Sha Po would celebrate Mid Autumn Festival in every 15th day of the 8th Chinese lunisolar month.
[
42
]
People called the Mid-Autumn Festival the Kwong Sin Festival. They held Pok San Ngau Tsai at Datong Pond in Sha Po. Pok San Ngau Tsai was a celebration event of the Kwong Sin Festival, and people would gather around to watch it. During the event, someone would play the percussions, and some villagers would then act possessed and call themselves "Maoshan Masters". They burnt themselves with incense sticks and fought with real blades and spears.
[
citation needed
]
Ethnic minorities in mainland China
[
edit
]
Korean
minorities living in
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
have a custom of welcoming the Moon, where they put up a large conical house frame made of dry pine branches called a "moon house". The moonlight would shine inside for gazers to appreciate.
[
23
]
The
Bouyei people
call the occasion "Worshipping Moon Festival", where after praying to ancestors and dining together, they bring rice cakes to the doorway to worship the Moon Grandmother.
[
23
]
The
Tu people
practice a ceremony called "Beating the Moon", where they place a basin of clear water in the courtyard to reflect an image of the Moon, and then "beat" the water surface with branches.
[
23
]
The
Maonan people
tie a bamboo near the table, on which a grapefruit is hung, with three lit incense sticks on it. This is called "Shooting the Moon".
[
23
]
In
Taiwan
, and its outlying islands
Penghu
,
Kinmen
, and
Matsu
, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday. Outdoor barbecues have become a popular affair for friends and family to gather and enjoy each other's company.
[
43
]
Children also make and wear hats made of pomelo rinds. It is believed Chang'e, the lady in the moon, will notice children with her favorite fruit and bestow good fortune upon them.
[
44
]
Canada and the United States
[
edit
]
Autumn Moon Festival in
San Francisco Chinatown
, 2007
As late as 2014, the Mid-Autumn Festival generally went unnoticed in North America outside of Asian supermarkets and food stores,
[
45
]
but it has gained popularity since then in areas with significant ethnic Chinese overseas populations, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.
[
46
]
Unlike traditions in China, celebrations in the United States are usually limited to daylight hours, and generally conclude by early evening.
[
47
]
Mid-Autumn Festivals in North America
City
District
Since
Ref.
Boston
Chinatown, Boston
[
48
]
Chicago
Chinatown, Chicago
2005
[
49
]
Los Angeles
Chinatown, Los Angeles
1938
[
50
]
New York City
Chinatown, Manhattan
,
Flushing, Queens
, and
Sunset Park
2019
[
46
]
[
51
]
Philadelphia
Chinatown, Philadelphia
1995
[
52
]
San Francisco
Chinatown, San Francisco
1991
[
53
]
Toronto
Cadillac Fairview
shopping areas
[
54
]
[
55
]
Vancouver
Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden
[
56
]
Similar holidays in other cultures
[
edit
]
Similar harvest holidays are found in other parts of Asia and also revolve around the full moon. These festivals tend to occur on the same day or around the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The Japanese moon viewing festival,
o-
tsukimi
(
お月見
, "moon viewing"), is also held at this time. People picnic and drink sake under the full moon to celebrate the harvest.
Chuseok
(
Korean
:
추석
;
Hanja
:
秋夕
; [tɕʰu.sʌk̚]), literally "Autumn eve", once known as hangawi (
한가위
; [han.ɡa.ɥi]; from archaic Korean for "the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday in North Korea and South Korea celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar on the full moon. It was celebrated as far back as during the Three Kingdoms period in Silla. As a celebration of the good harvest, Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns, honor their ancestors in a family ceremony (차례), and share a feast of Korean traditional food such as
songpyeon
(
송편
),
tohrangook
(
토란국
), and rice wines such as
sindoju
and
dongdongju
.
[
57
]
Many festivals revolving around a full moon are also celebrated in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Like the Mid-Autumn Festival, these festivals have Buddhist origins and revolve around the full moon. However, unlike their East Asian counterparts they occur several times a year to correspond with each full moon as opposed to one day each year. The festivals that occur in the lunar months of
Ashvini
and
Kṛttikā
generally occur during the Mid-Autumn Festival.
[
58
]
[
59
]
In
Cambodia
, it is more commonly called "The Water and Moon Festival"
Bon Om Touk
.
[
60
]
The Water and Moon festival is celebrated in November of every year. It is a three-day celebration, starting with the boat race that last the first two days of the festival. The boat races are colorfully painted with bright colors and is in various designs being most popular the neak, Cambodian sea dragon. Hundreds of Cambodian males take part in rowing the boats and racing them at the Tonle Sap River. When night falls the streets are filled with people buying food and attending various concerts.
[
61
]
In the evening is the Sampeah Preah Khae: the salutation to the moon or prayers to the moon.
[
62
]
The Cambodian people set an array of offerings that are popular for rabbits, such and various fruits and a traditional dish called Ak Ambok in front of their homes with lit incenses to make wishes to the Moon.
[
63
]
Cambodians believe the legend of The Rabbit and the Moon, and that a rabbit who lives on the Moon watches over the Cambodian people. At midnight everyone goes up to the temple to pray and make wishes and enjoy their Ak Ambok together. Cambodians would also make homemade lanterns that are usually made into the shape of the lotus flowers or other more modern designs. Incense and candles light up the lanterns and Cambodians make prayers and then send if off into the river for their wishes and prayers to be heard and granted.
[
64
]
[
65
]
[
66
]
In Laos, many festivals are held on the day of the full moon. The most popular festival known as
That Luang Festival
is associated with Buddhist legend and is held at Pha That Luang temple in
Vientiane
. The festival often lasts for three to seven days. A procession occurs and many people visit the temple.
[
67
]
In Myanmar, numerous festivals are held on the day of the full moon. However, the
Thadingyut Festival
is the most popular one and occurs in the month of Thadingyut. It also occurs around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival, depending on the lunar calendar. It is one of the biggest festivals in Myanmar after the New Year festival,
Thingyan
. It is a Buddhist festival and many people go to the temple to pay respect to the monks and offer food.
[
68
]
It is also a time for thanksgiving and paying homage to Buddhist monks, teachers, parents and elders.
[
69
]
The mid-Autumn festival, known as
Bulan Lapan
by
Peranakan Chinese
,
[
70
]
is informally observed,
[
71
]
but is not a government or public holiday.
[
72
]
Vietnamese children celebrating the Tết Trung Thu with traditional 5-pointed star-shaped lantern
In Vietnam, children participate in parades in the dark under the full moon with lanterns of various forms, shapes, and colors. Traditionally, lanterns signified the wish for the Sun's light and warmth to return after winter.
[
73
]
In addition to carrying lanterns, the children also don masks. Elaborate masks were made of
papier-mâché
, though it is more common to find masks made of plastic nowadays.
[
74
]
Handcrafted shadow lanterns were an important part of Mid-Autumn displays since the 12th-century
Lý dynasty
, often of historical figures from Vietnamese history.
[
74
]
Handcrafted lantern-making declined in modern times due to the availability of mass-produced plastic lanterns, which often depict internationally recognizable characters from children's shows and video games.
[
74
]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is known as
Tết Trung Thu
(
Chữ Nôm
:
節中秋
) in Vietnamese. It is also commonly referred to as the "Children's Festival".
[
16
]
The Vietnamese traditionally believed that children, being the most innocent, had the closest connection to the sacred, pure and natural beauty of the world. The celebration of the children's spirit was seen as a way to connect to that world still full of wonder, mystery, teachings, joy, and sadness.
Animist
spirits, deities and Vietnamese folk religions are also observed during the festival.
[
73
]
In its most traditional form, the evening commemorates the dragon who brings rain for the crops.
[
74
]
Celebrants would observe the moon to divine the future of the people and the harvests. Eventually the celebration came to symbolize a reverence for fruitfulness, with prayers given for bountiful harvests, increase in livestock, and fertility. Over time, the prayers
for
children evolved into the celebration
of
children.
[
74
]
Historical Confucian scholars continued the tradition of gazing at the Moon, but to sip wine and improvise poetry and song.
[
74
]
However, by the early twentieth century in Hanoi, the festival had begun to assume its identity as the quintessential children's festival.
[
74
]
Aside from the story of Chang'e (Vietnamese: Hằng Nga), there are two other popular folktales associated with the festival. The first describes the legend of
Cuội
, whose wife accidentally urinated on a sacred
banyan
tree. The tree began to float towards the Moon, and Cuội, trying to pull it back down to Earth, floated to the Moon with it, leaving him stranded there. Every year, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, children light lanterns and participate in a procession to show Cuội the way back to Earth.
[
75
]
The other tale involves a carp who wanted to become a dragon, and as a result, worked hard throughout the year until he was able to transform himself into a dragon.
[
16
]
One important event before and during the festival are
lion dances
. Dances are performed by both non-professional children's groups and trained professional groups. Lion dance groups perform on the streets, going to houses asking for permission to perform for them. If the host consents, the "lion" will come in and start dancing as a blessing of luck and fortune for the home. In return, the host gives
lucky money
to show their gratitude.
[
citation needed
]
Cakes and fruits are not only consumed, but elaborately prepared as food displays. For example, glutinous rice flour and rice paste are molded into familiar animals. Pomelo sections can be fashioned into unicorns, rabbits, or dogs.
[
74
]
Villagers of
Xuân La
, just north of
Hanoi
, produce
tò he
, figurines made from rice paste and colored with natural food dyes.
[
74
]
Into the early decades of the twentieth century of Vietnam, daughters of wealthy families would prepare elaborate center pieces filled with treats for their younger siblings. Well-dressed visitors could visit to observe the daughter's handiwork as an indication of her capabilities as a wife in the future. Eventually the practice of arranging centerpieces became a tradition not just limited to wealthy families.
[
74
]
Into the early decades of the twentieth century Vietnam, young men and women used the festival as a chance to meet future life companions. Groups would assemble in a courtyard and exchange verses of song while gazing at the Moon. Those who performed poorly were sidelined until one young man and one young woman remained, after which they would win prizes as well as entertain matrimonial prospects.
[
74
]
Main article:
Onam
Onam is an annual Harvest festival in the state of Kerala in India.
[
76
]
[
77
]
It falls on the 22nd nakshatra Thiruvonam in the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam, which in Gregorian calendar overlaps with August–September.
[
78
]
[
76
]
According to legends, the festival is celebrated to commemorate King Mahabali, whose spirit is said to visit Kerala at the time of Onam.
[
79
]
[
80
]
Onam is a major annual event for Malayali people in and outside Kerala.
[
81
]
[
82
]
[
83
]
It is a harvest festival, one of three major annual Hindu celebrations along with Vishu and Thiruvathira, and it is observed with numerous festivities. Onam celebrations include Vallam Kali (boat races), Pulikali (tiger dances), Pookkalam (flower Rangoli), Onathappan (worship), Onam Kali, Tug of War, Thumbi Thullal (women's dance), Kummattikali (mask dance), Onathallu (martial arts), Onavillu (music), Kazhchakkula (plantain offerings), Onapottan (costumes), Atthachamayam (folk songs and dance), and other celebrations.
Onam is the official state festival of Kerala
[
76
]
[
84
]
with public holidays that start four days from Uthradom (Onam eve). Major festivities take place across 30 venues in Thiruvananthapuram, capital of Kerala. It is also celebrated by Malayali diaspora around the world. Though a Hindu festival, non-Hindu communities of Kerala participate in Onam celebrations considering it as a cultural festival.
Sharad Purnima
is a harvest festival celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of
Ashvin
(September–October), marking the end of the monsoon season.
Main article:
Poya
In Sri Lanka, a full moon day is known as
Poya
and each full moon day is a public holiday. Shops and businesses are closed on these days as people prepare for the full moon.
[
85
]
[
better source needed
]
Exteriors of buildings are adorned with lanterns and people often make food and go to the temple to listen to sermons.
[
86
]
The
Binara Full Moon Poya Day
and
Vap Full Moon Poya Day
occur around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival and like other Buddhist Asian countries, the festivals celebrate the ascendance and culmination of the Buddha's visit to heaven and for the latter, the acknowledgement of the cultivation season known as "Maha".
[
87
]
[
88
]
[
89
]
The Jewish harvest festival of Sukkot is a cognate celebration. It begins on a full moon, on the fifteenth day of the lunar month
Tishrei
, which is the seventh month of the
Hebrew calendar
. Because of similarities between this calendar and the Chinese calendar, this often coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival.
[
90
]
Sukkot is also known in the Torah as "Festival of Ingathering" (
Hebrew
:
חַג הָאָסִיף
,
romanized
:
ḥag hāʾāsif
),
[
91
]
similar to the element of gathering in the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. This "gathering" refers both to the end of harvest and to the gathering of people into the
Sukkah
.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the
Han calendar
—essentially the night of a
full moon
—which falls near the Autumnal Equinox (on a day between 7 September and 8 October in the
Gregorian calendar
). It will occur on these days in coming years:
[
92
]
2026: Friday 25 September
2027: Wednesday 15 September
2028: Tuesday 3 October
2029: Saturday 22 September
2030: Thursday 12 September
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Agriculture in Vietnam
Chinese holidays
Dragon Boat Festival
– Chinese holiday
Joss paper
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{{
cite web
}}
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link
)
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^
冯明惠.
"How the world celebrates Mid-Autumn Festival"
. Chinadaily.com.cn.
^
"Mid-Autumn Festival Traditions"
. All China Women's Federation. Archived from
the original
on 20 December 2016
. Retrieved
15 December
2016
.
^
"Poya – Sri Lanka – Office Holidays"
. 6 January 2023.
^
"september calendar"
. Archived from
the original
on 20 December 2016
. Retrieved
15 December
2016
.
^
"Today is Vap Full Moon Poya Day"
. Archived from
the original
on 22 April 2019
. Retrieved
15 December
2016
.
^
Bernstein, Moshe Y. (15 January 2016).
"Sukkot and Mid-Autumn Festivals in Kaifeng: Conundrums at the Crossroads of Sino-Judaic Cultural Identity"
. In Ross, James R.; Song, Lihong (eds.).
The Image of Jews in Contemporary China
. Jewish Identities in Post-Modern Society. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press. pp.
72–
98.
doi
:
10.1515/9781618114211
.
ISBN
9781618114211
.
S2CID
242498314
.
^
"Sukkot: Meaning, Traditions, & Tabernacles"
.
Britannica
. Retrieved
22 June
2022
.
^
taiwan-database.net
https://web.archive.org/web/20260112110310/https://taiwan-database.net/PDFs/WTFpdf23.pdf
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 12 January 2026
. Retrieved
12 January
2026
.
San Francisco Chinatown Autumn Moon Festival
Moon Viewing Festival
on
YouTube
at
Sumiyoshi-taisha
, Osaka, Japan
Brief video about the history and traditions of Mid-Autumn Festival
on
YouTube
Origin and Development of the Mid-Autumn Festival |
| Markdown | [Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#bodyContent)
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival)
- [1 Etymology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Etymology)
- [2 Meanings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Meanings)
- [3 Origins and development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Origins_and_development)
Toggle Origins and development subsection
- [3\.1 Moon worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Moon_worship)
- [4 Celebration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Celebration)
Toggle Celebration subsection
- [4\.1 Lanterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Lanterns)
- [4\.2 Mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Mooncakes)
- [4\.3 Other foods and food displays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Other_foods_and_food_displays)
- [4\.4 Courtship and matchmaking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Courtship_and_matchmaking)
- [4\.5 Games and activities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Games_and_activities)
- [4\.6 Local celebrations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Local_celebrations)
- [4\.6.1 Xiamen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Xiamen)
- [4\.6.2 Hong Kong and Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Hong_Kong_and_Macau)
- [4\.6.3 Ethnic minorities in mainland China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Ethnic_minorities_in_mainland_China)
- [4\.6.4 Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Taiwan)
- [4\.6.5 Canada and the United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Canada_and_the_United_States)
- [5 Similar holidays in other cultures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Similar_holidays_in_other_cultures)
Toggle Similar holidays in other cultures subsection
- [5\.1 East Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#East_Asia)
- [5\.1.1 Japan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Japan)
- [5\.1.2 Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Korea)
- [5\.2 Southeast Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Southeast_Asia)
- [5\.2.1 Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Cambodia)
- [5\.2.2 Laos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Laos)
- [5\.2.3 Myanmar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Myanmar)
- [5\.2.4 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Singapore)
- [5\.2.5 Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Vietnam)
- [5\.3 South Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#South_Asia)
- [5\.3.1 India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#India)
- [5\.3.2 Sri Lanka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Sri_Lanka)
- [5\.4 West Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#West_Asia)
- [5\.4.1 Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Israel)
- [6 Dates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Dates)
- [7 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#See_also)
- [8 Notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#Notes)
- [9 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#References)
- [10 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# Mid-Autumn Festival
53 languages
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81 "مهرجان منتصف الخريف – Arabic")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_de_la_Mitja_Tardor "Festa de la Mitja Tardor – Catalan")
- [閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄](https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ik-ngu%C5%8Fk-c%C3%A1ik "Báik-nguŏk-cáik – Mindong")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1tek_st%C5%99edu_podzimu "Svátek středu podzimu – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efter%C3%A5rsfestival "Efterårsfestival – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondfest "Mondfest – German")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_Festo "Luna Festo – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesta_del_Medio_Oto%C3%B1o "Fiesta del Medio Otoño – Spanish")
- [Eesti](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesks%C3%BCgise_festival "Kesksügise festival – Estonian")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B4%D9%86_%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B2 "جشن نیمه پاییز – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keskisyksyn_juhla "Keskisyksyn juhla – Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_mi-automne "Fête de la mi-automne – French")
- [Hausa](https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikin_tsakiyar_kaka "Bikin tsakiyar kaka – Hausa")
- [客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî](https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat-ngie%CC%8Dt-chiet "Pat-ngie̍t-chiet – Hakka Chinese")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95 "חג אמצע הסתיו – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0 "मध्य शरद त्योहार – Hindi")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%90szk%C3%B6z%C3%A9p%C3%BCnnep "Őszközépünnep – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6 "Լուսնի տոն – Armenian")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_Pertengahan_Musim_Gugur "Festival Pertengahan Musim Gugur – Indonesian")
- [Íslenska](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0hausth%C3%A1t%C3%AD%C3%B0in "Miðhausthátíðin – Icelandic")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_di_met%C3%A0_autunno "Festa di metà autunno – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80 "中秋節 – Japanese")
- [ភាសាខ្មែរ](https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%82 "បុណ្យសែនព្រះខែ – Khmer")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%B6%94%EC%A0%88 "중추절 – Korean")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudens_vidurio_%C5%A1vent%C4%97 "Rudens vidurio šventė – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudens_vidus_sv%C4%93tki "Rudens vidus svētki – Latvian")
- [ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ](https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%97-%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%9D_%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C "ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯑꯣꯇꯝ ꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯜ – Manipuri")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perayaan_Kuih_Bulan "Perayaan Kuih Bulan – Malay")
- [မြန်မာဘာသာ](https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA "ဆောင်းဦးရာသီလယ်ပွဲတော် – Burmese")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midherfstfestival "Midherfstfestival – Dutch")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nefest "Månefest – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nefesten "Månefesten – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99to_%C5%9Arodka_Jesieni "Święto Środka Jesieni – Polish")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival_da_Lua "Festival da Lua – Portuguese")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8 "Праздник середины осени – Russian")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival "Mid-Autumn Festival – Simple English")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praznik_sredine_jeseni "Praznik sredine jeseni – Slovenian")
- [Shqip](https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_e_H%C3%ABn%C3%ABs "Festa e Hënës – Albanian")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8 "Фестивал средине јесени – Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A5nfesten "Månfesten – Swedish")
- [தமிழ்](https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BE "நடு இலையுதிர் கால திருவிழா – Tamil")
- [ไทย](https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C "เทศกาลไหว้พระจันทร์ – Thai")
- [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay_Festivali "Ay Festivali – Turkish")
- [Seediq](https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qrasan_Jiyax_Idas "Qrasan Jiyax Idas – Taroko")
- [ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche](https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8B%DB%87%D8%B2_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89 "تاۋۇز چاغىنى – Uyghur")
- [Українська](https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96 "Свято середини осені – Ukrainian")
- [Winaray](https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pista_han_kabutngaan_han_katlaya "Pista han kabutngaan han katlaya – Waray")
- [吴语](https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82 "中秋节 – Wu")
- [Vahcuengh](https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciet_ndwenbet "Ciet ndwenbet – Zhuang")
- [文言](https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B "中秋 – Literary Chinese")
- [閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí](https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peh-goe%CC%8Dh-cheh "Peh-goe̍h-cheh – Minnan")
- [粵語](https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B "中秋 – Cantonese")
- [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82 "中秋节 – Chinese")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chinese harvest festival
This article is about the Chinese harvest festival. For other uses, see [Mid-Autumn Festival (disambiguation)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival_\(disambiguation\) "Mid-Autumn Festival (disambiguation)").
| Mid Autumn Festival | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival-beijing.jpg)Festival decorations in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") | |
| Also called | Moon Festival, Mooncake Festival |
| Observed by | [Chinese people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people "Chinese people") |
| Type | Cultural, religious |
| Significance | To celebrate the end of the autumn harvest |
| Celebrations | Lantern lighting, [mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake") making and sharing, courtship and matchmaking, fireworks, family gatherings, [dragon dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_dances "Dragon dances"), family meals, visiting friends and relatives, gift-giving |
| Observances | Consumption of [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake") and [cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") |
| Date | 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar |
| 2025 date | 6 October |
| 2026 date | 25 September |
| 2027 date | 15 September |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | [Chuseok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok "Chuseok") (Korea), [Tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi") (Japan), [Tết Trung Thu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu "Tết Trung Thu") (Vietnam), [Uposatha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uposatha "Uposatha") of [Ashvini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvini "Ashvini") or [Krittika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%B9%9Bttik%C4%81 "Kṛttikā") (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) |
| Chinese name | |
| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") | [中秋節](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80 "wikt:中秋節") |
| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") | [中秋节](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82 "wikt:中秋节") |
| Literal meaning | "Mid-Autumn Festival" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") | |
| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") | Zhōngqiū jié |
| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") | Chung1\-ch'iu1 chieh2 |
| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") | [\[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.tɕʰjóʊ tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") |
| [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese "Wu Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese") | Tson-tshieu tsiq |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Chûng-chhiû-chiet Zúng qiú jièd |
| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") | |
| [Yale Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese") | Jūng-chāu jit |
| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") | Zung1\-cau1 zit3 |
| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") | [\[tsʊŋ˥.tsʰɐw˥ tsit̚˧\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Tiong-chhiu-cheh |
| [Eastern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Min "Eastern Min") | |
| [Fuzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect "Fuzhou dialect") [BUC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foochow_Romanized "Foochow Romanized") | Dṳ̆ng-chiŭ-cáik |
| Calendar date name | |
| [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language") | [八月十五](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94 "wikt:八月十五")/[八月半](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%8A "wikt:八月半") |
| Literal meaning | "Fifteenth/Half of the Eighth Month" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") | |
| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") | Bāyuè shíwǔ/bàn |
| [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese "Wu Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese") | Paq7\-yuq8 zeq8\-ng6 Paq7\-yuq8\-poe5 |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Bàd ngiad seb ǹg Bàd ngiad ban |
| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") | |
| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") | Baat3 jyut6 sap6 ng5 |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Poeh-ge̍h-cha̍p-gō͘ Poeh-ge̍h-pòaⁿ |
| Regional name | |
| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") | [八月節](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E7%AF%80 "wikt:八月節") |
| Literal meaning | "Eighth Month Festival" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Pat-ngie̍t-chiet |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Peh-go̍eh-cheh |
| [Eastern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Min "Eastern Min") | |
| [Fuzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect "Fuzhou dialect") [BUC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foochow_Romanized "Foochow Romanized") | Báik-nguŏk-cáik |
| |
|---|
| Part of [a series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_folk_religion "Category:Chinese folk religion") on |
| [Chinese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion "Chinese folk religion") |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg "Stylisation of the 禄 lù or 子 zi grapheme, respectively meaning \"prosperity\", \"furthering\", \"welfare\" and \"son\", \"offspring\". 字 zì, meaning \"word\" and \"symbol\", is a cognate of 子 zi and represents a \"son\" enshrined under a \"roof\". The symbol is ultimately a representation of the north celestial pole (Běijí 北极) and its spinning constellations, and as such it is equivalent to the Eurasian symbol of the swastika, 卍 wàn.") |
| Concepts [Tian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tian "Tian")—[Shangdi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shangdi "Shangdi") [Qi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi "Qi") [Shen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_\(Chinese_religion\) "Shen (Chinese religion)") [Ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling_\(Chinese_religion\) "Ling (Chinese religion)") [Xian ling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_ling_\(religion\) "Xian ling (religion)") [Yinyang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin_and_yang "Yin and yang") [Hundun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hundun "Hundun") [Mingyun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_yun "Ming yun") [Yuanfen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuanfen "Yuanfen") [Baoying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bao_ying "Bao ying") [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(Chinese_religion\) "Wu (Chinese religion)") |
| Theory [Chinese theology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_theology "Chinese theology") [Chinese gods and immortals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals "Chinese gods and immortals") [Chinese mythology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology "Chinese mythology") [Chinese astrology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_astrology "Chinese astrology") [Chinese zodiac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_zodiac "Chinese zodiac") [Chinese creation myth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_creation_myth "Chinese creation myth") [Chinese spiritual world concepts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_spiritual_world_concepts "Chinese spiritual world concepts") **Model humanity:** [Xian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_\(Taoism\) "Xian (Taoism)") [Zhenren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhenren "Zhenren") [Wen and wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_and_wu "Wen and wu") |
| Practices [Fenxiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenxiang "Fenxiang") [Jingxiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingxiang "Jingxiang") [Feng shui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui") [Miaohui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaohui "Miaohui") [Wu shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_\(shaman\) "Wu (shaman)") [Jitong mediumship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongji_\(spirit_medium\) "Tongji (spirit medium)") [Precious scrolls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baojuan "Baojuan") |
| Institutions and temples [Associations of good-doing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associations_of_good-doing "Associations of good-doing") [Lineage associations or churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_lineage_associations "Chinese lineage associations") [Chinese temple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_temple "Chinese temple") [Ancestral shrine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestral_shrine "Ancestral shrine") [Chinese Folk Temples' Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Folk_Temples%27_Management_Association "Chinese Folk Temples' Management Association") |
| Festivals [Qingming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Zhongyuan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Festival "Ghost Festival") [Zhongqiu]() [Jiuhuangye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Emperor_Gods_Festival "Nine Emperor Gods Festival") [Qixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qixi_Festival "Qixi Festival") [Duanwu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Nian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") |
| Internal traditions **Major cultural forms** [Chinese ancestral religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ancestral_religion "Chinese ancestral religion") [Chinese communal deity religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_communal_deity_religion "Chinese communal deity religion") [Chinese food therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_food_therapy "Chinese food therapy") [Chinese geomancy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui "Feng shui") [Chinese mother goddess worship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mother_goddess_worship "Chinese mother goddess worship") [Northeast China folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_China_folk_religion "Northeast China folk religion") [Traditional Chinese medicine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine "Traditional Chinese medicine") [Qigong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong "Qigong") **Main philosophical traditions:** [Confucianism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism "Confucianism") ([state rites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian_ritual_religion "Confucian ritual religion")) [Taoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism "Taoism") [Three teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_teachings "Three teachings") [Other schools](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_philosophy "Chinese philosophy") ([Mohism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohism "Mohism")) **Ritual traditions:** [Folk ritual masters' orders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions "Chinese ritual mastery traditions") [Jitong mediumship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongji_\(spirit_medium\) "Tongji (spirit medium)") [Nuo folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion "Nuo folk religion") [Chinese shamanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_shamanism "Chinese shamanism") **Devotional traditions:** [Mazuism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazuism "Mazuism") [Ong Yah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ong_Yah "Ong Yah") worship [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zhenkong-Wusheng_Laomu_red.svg "Zhenkong, \"Void of Truth\".") Zhenkong, "Void of Truth". **[Salvation churches and sects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions "Chinese salvationist religions"):** [De teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_teaching "De teaching") [Jiugongdao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiugongdao "Jiugongdao") [Luo teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luo_teaching "Luo teaching") [Maitreya teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreya_teachings "Maitreya teachings") [Tiandi teachings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiandi_teachings "Tiandi teachings") [Tianxian miaodao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianxian_miaodao "Tianxian miaodao") [Xia teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyi_teaching "Sanyi teaching") [Xiantiandao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiantiandao "Xiantiandao") [Yiguandao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiguandao "Yiguandao") [Zaili teaching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaili_teaching "Zaili teaching") **[Confucian churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian_church "Confucian church") and sects:** [Holy Confucian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Confucian_Church "Holy Confucian Church") [Indonesian Confucian Church](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_the_Confucian_Religion_in_Indonesia "Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia") [Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Way_and_its_Virtue "Universal Church of the Way and its Virtue") [Phoenix churches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_of_the_Gods_according_to_the_Confucian_Tradition "Way of the Gods according to the Confucian Tradition") [Xuanyuanism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanyuan_teaching "Xuanyuan teaching") [Taigu school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taigu_school "Taigu school") |
| Related religions and movements [Benzhuism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzhuism "Benzhuism") [Bimoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimoism "Bimoism") [Bon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon "Bon") [Dongbaism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dongbaism "Dongbaism") [Han Buddhism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism "Chinese Buddhism") [Miao folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miao_folk_religion "Miao folk religion") [Vietnamese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion "Vietnamese folk religion") [Qiang folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion "Qiang folk religion") [Yao folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yao_folk_religion "Yao folk religion") [Zhuang folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_folk_religion "Zhuang folk religion") [House church (China)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_church_\(China\) "House church (China)") |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg) [Religion portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Religion "Portal:Religion") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chinese_folk_religion "Template:Chinese folk religion") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_folk_religion "Template talk:Chinese folk religion") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_folk_religion "Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese folk religion") |
The **Mid-Autumn Festival**, also known as the **Moon Festival** or **Mooncake Festival**, is a [harvest festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_festival "Harvest festival") celebrated in [Chinese culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture "Chinese culture"). It occurs on the 15th day of the 8th month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar") and can fall between 7 September and 8 October (inclusive) of the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-2) On this day, the Chinese believe that the moon is at its fullest and brightest, coinciding with the time of harvest in the middle of autumn.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-3)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important holidays and celebrations in Chinese culture. The history of the festival dates back over 3,000 years.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5) Similar festivals are celebrated by other cultures in [East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia") and [Southeast Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia "Southeast Asia").
During the festival, lanterns of all sizes and shapes – symbolizing beacons that light the path toward prosperity and good fortune for the people – are carried and displayed. [Mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake"), a rich pastry typically filled with sweet-bean or lotus-seed paste, are eaten during this festival.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-8) The Mid-Autumn Festival is based on the legend of [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), the Moon goddess in [Chinese mythology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology "Chinese mythology").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-9)
It is an official holiday in both [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China")[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-10) and [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan")[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-11) and the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is an official holiday in both [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong")[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-12) and [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-13)
## Etymology
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=1 "Edit section: Etymology")\]
The festival is so-named as it is held around the [autumn equinox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_equinox "September equinox") on the 15th of the 8th lunisolar month in the [Chinese calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5) Its name varies among [Sinitic languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinitic_languages "Sinitic languages"), with the most common one being *Mid-Autumn Festival* or simply *Mid-Autumn* (中秋), as well as its traditional calendar date, either *Fifteenth of the Eighth Month* or *Half of the Eighth Month*, which is more regional. Other regional names include *Eighth Month Festival,* used in places such as [Northeast China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_China "Northeast China"), [Southern Fujian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien"), and [Jianghuai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianghuai "Jianghuai"); *Festival of Unity* ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 团圆节; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 團圓節; [Wugniu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese"): *doe2\-yoe2\-ciq7*; [Nanjingese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_dialect "Nanjing dialect"): *tuang2 üän2 zie5*), used in [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai "Shanghai") and [Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing "Nanjing"); and *Mooncake Festival* ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 月饼节; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 月餅節; [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping"): *jyut6 beng2 zit3*), used in [Guangdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong "Guangdong") and [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-14) Outside China, there are several other names for the festival:
- *[Chuseok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok "Chuseok")* (추석; 秋夕;
lit.
''autumn eve''), [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea "Korea") festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese and other East Asian lunisolar calendars.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-15)
- [Tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi")
(月見;
lit.
'moon viewing')
, Japanese variant of the Mid-Autumn Festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese lunisolar calendar.
- Moon Festival or Harvest Moon Festival, because of the celebration's association with the full moon on this night, as well as the traditions of Moon worship and Moon viewing.
- *[Tết Trung Thu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu "Tết Trung Thu")* (節中秋 in [Chữ Nôm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m "Chữ Nôm")), in Vietnam.
- Also known as The Children's Festival in Vietnam. Most festival songs are sung by the children.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16)
- Lantern Festival, a term sometimes used in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"), [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") and [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia"),[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-17) which is not to be confused with the [Lantern Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern_Festival "Lantern Festival") in China that occurs on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese calendar.
- However, 'Mid-Autumn Festival' is more widely used by locals when referring to the festival in English and 'Zhōngqiū Jié' is used when referring to the festival in Chinese. \[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk"), or The Water and Moon Festival in [Cambodian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language "Khmer language"). The festival is held each year in November for 3 days.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-18)
## Meanings
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=2 "Edit section: Meanings")\]
The festival celebrates three fundamental concepts that are closely connected:
- *Gathering*: Such as family and friends coming together, or harvesting crops for the festival. It is said that the Moon is the brightest and roundest on this day which means family reunion. Consequently, this is the main reason why the festival is thought to be important.
- *Giving thanks*: To give thanks for the harvest, or for harmonious unions through activities like giving mooncakes to each other.
- *Praying* (asking for conceptual or material satisfaction): Praying for things such as babies, a spouse, beauty, longevity, or a good future
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival are formed around these concepts,[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) although traditions have changed over time due to changes in technology, science, economy, culture, and religion.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
## Origins and development
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Origins and development")\]
The Chinese have celebrated the harvest during the autumn full moon since the [Shang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty "Shang dynasty") (c. 1600–1046 BCE).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yu-20) The term *mid-autumn* (中秋) first appeared in *[Rites of Zhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou "Rites of Zhou")*, a written collection of rituals of the [Western Zhou dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou_dynasty "Western Zhou dynasty") (1046–771 BCE).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) As for the royal court, it was dedicated to the goddess [Taiyinxingjun](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E "zh:姜皇后") (太陰星君; *Tàiyīn xīng jūn*). This is still true for [Taoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism "Taoism") and [Chinese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion "Chinese folk religion").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Fan,_Chen_2013._p._23-22)
The celebration as a festival only started to gain popularity during the early [Tang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty "Tang dynasty") (618–907 CE).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) One legend explains that [Emperor Xuanzong of Tang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang") started to hold formal celebrations in his palace after having explored the Moon-Palace.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival had become one of the main folk festivals in China. The [Empress Dowager Cixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi "Empress Dowager Cixi") (late 19th century) enjoyed celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival so much that she would spend the period between the thirteenth and seventeenth day of the eighth month staging elaborate rituals.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5)
### Moon worship
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=4 "Edit section: Moon worship")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Moon_Goddess_Chang_E_-_Unidentified_artist,_after_Tang_Yin.jpg)
[Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), the Moon Goddess of Immortality
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chang%27e_flies_to_the_moon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15250.jpg)
[Houyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_Yi "Hou Yi") helplessly looking at his wife Chang'e flying off to the Moon after she drank the elixir.
An important part of the festival celebration is Moon worship. The ancient Chinese believed in rejuvenation being associated with the Moon and water, and connected this concept to [menstruation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation "Menstruation"), calling it "monthly water".[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23) The [Zhuang people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_people "Zhuang people"), for example, have an ancient fable saying the Sun and Moon are a couple and the stars are their children, and when the Moon is pregnant, it becomes round, and then becomes crescent after giving birth to a child. These beliefs made it popular among women to worship and give offerings to the Moon on this evening.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23) In some areas of China, there are still customs in which the "men do not worship the moon and the women do not offer sacrifices to the kitchen gods."[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes the family reunion and on this day, all families will appreciate the Moon in the evening, because it is the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when the moon is at its fullest.
Offerings are also made to a more well-known lunar deity, [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), known as the [Moon Goddess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lunar_deities "List of lunar deities") of Immortality. The myths associated with Chang'e explain the origin of Moon worship during this day. One version of the story is as follows, as described in Lihui Yang's *Handbook of Chinese Mythology*:[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-handbook-24)
> In the ancient past, there was a hero named [Hou Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_Yi "Hou Yi") who was excellent at archery. His wife was [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"). One year, the ten suns rose in the sky together, causing great disaster to the people. Yi shot down nine of the suns and left only one to provide light. An immortal admired Yi and sent him the elixir of immortality. Yi did not want to leave Chang'e and be immortal without her, so he let Chang'e keep the elixir. However, Peng Meng, one of his apprentices, knew this secret. So, on the fifteenth of August in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when Yi went hunting, Peng Meng broke into Yi's house and forced Chang'e to give the elixir to him. Chang'e refused to do so. Instead, she swallowed it and flew into the sky. Since she loved her husband and hoped to live nearby, she chose the moon for her residence. When Yi came back and learned what had happened, he felt so sad that he displayed the fruits and cakes Chang'e liked in the yard and gave sacrifices to his wife. People soon learned about these activities, and sympathetic to Chang'e, they also participated in these sacrifices with Yi.
"when people learned of this story, they burnt incense on a long altar and prayed to Chang'e, now the goddess of the Moon, for luck and safety. The custom of praying to the Moon on Mid-Autumn Day has been handed down for thousands of years since that time."[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-25)
*Handbook of Chinese Mythology* also describes an alternate common version of the myth:[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-handbook-24)
> After the hero Houyi shot down nine of the ten suns, he was pronounced king by the thankful people. However, he soon became a conceited and tyrannical ruler. In order to live long without death, he asked for the elixir from [Xiwangmu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiwangmu "Xiwangmu"). But his wife, Chang'e, stole it on the fifteenth of August because she did not want the cruel king to live long and hurt more people. She took the magic potion to prevent her husband from becoming immortal. Houyi was so angry when discovered that Chang'e took the elixir, he shot at his wife as she flew toward the moon, though he missed. Chang'e fled to the moon and became the spirit of the moon. Houyi died soon because he was overcome with great anger. Thereafter, people offer a sacrifice to Chang'e on every fifteenth day of eighth month to commemorate Chang'e's action.
## Celebration
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=5 "Edit section: Celebration")\]
The festival was a time to enjoy the successful reaping of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon. Today, it is still an occasion for outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the Moon, a symbol of harmony and unity.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) During a year of a solar eclipse, it is typical for governmental offices, banks, and schools to close extra days in order to enjoy the extended celestial celebration an eclipse brings. The festival is celebrated with many cultural or regional customs, among them:
- Burning [incense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense "Incense") in reverence to deities including [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e").
- Performance of [dragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_dance "Dragon dance") and [lion dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_dance "Lion dance"), which is mainly practiced in southern China.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1)
### Lanterns
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=6 "Edit section: Lanterns")\]
For information on a different festival that also involves lanterns, see [Lantern Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern_Festival "Lantern Festival")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival,_Chinatown_32,_102006.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns in Chinatown, Singapore
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HK_SYP_Queen%27s_Road_West_Mid-Autumn_Festival_Lanterns_01_Shop.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns at a shop in Hong Kong
A notable part of celebrating the holiday is the carrying of brightly lit [lanterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern "Lantern"), lighting lanterns on towers, or floating [sky lanterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_lantern "Sky lantern").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) Another tradition involving lanterns is to write riddles on them and have other people try to guess the answers ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 灯谜; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 燈謎; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *dēng mí*; lit. 'lantern riddles').[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yang-27)
It is difficult to discern the original purpose of lanterns in connection to the festival, but it is certain that lanterns were not used in conjunction with Moon-worship prior to the [Tang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty "Tang dynasty").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Traditionally, the lantern has been used to symbolize fertility, and functioned mainly as a toy and decoration. But today the lantern has come to symbolize the festival itself.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) In the old days, lanterns were made in the image of natural things, myths, and local cultures.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Over time, a greater variety of lanterns could be found as local cultures became influenced by their neighbors.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
As China gradually evolved from an agrarian society to a mixed agrarian-commercial one, traditions from other festivals began to be transmitted into the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as the putting of lanterns on rivers to guide the spirits of the drowned as practiced during the [Ghost Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Festival "Ghost Festival"), which is observed a month before.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Hong Kong fishermen during the [Qing dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty "Qing dynasty"), for example, would put up lanterns on their boats for the Ghost Festival and keep the lanterns up until Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
### Mooncakes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=7 "Edit section: Mooncakes")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moon_Cakes.jpg)
Typical lotus bean-filled mooncakes eaten during the festival
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Banhtrungthu.jpg)
Animal-shaped mooncakes in [Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam "Vietnam")
Main article: [Mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake")
Making and sharing mooncakes is one of the hallmark traditions of this festival. In Chinese culture, a round shape symbolizes completeness and reunion. Thus, the sharing and eating of round mooncakes among family members during the week of the festival signifies the completeness and unity of families.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-28) In some areas of China, there is a tradition of making mooncakes during the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-chiculture1-29) The senior person in that household would cut the mooncakes into pieces and distribute them to each family member, signifying family reunion.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-chiculture1-29) In modern times, however, making mooncakes at home has given way to the more popular custom of giving mooncakes to family members, although the meaning of maintaining familial unity remains.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
Although typical mooncakes can be around a few centimetres in diameter, imperial chefs have made some as large as 8 meters in diameter, with its surface pressed with designs of Chang'e, [cassia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia "Cinnamomum cassia") trees, or the Moon-Palace.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) One tradition is to pile 13 mooncakes on top of each other to mimic a [pagoda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagoda "Pagoda"), the number 13 being chosen to represent the 13 months in a full Chinese lunisolar year.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) The spectacle of making very large mooncakes continues in modern China.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-30)
According to Chinese folklore, a [Turpan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan "Turpan") businessman offered cakes to [Emperor Taizong of Tang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang "Emperor Taizong of Tang") in his victory against the [Xiongnu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu "Xiongnu") on the fifteenth day of the eighth Chinese lunisolar month. Taizong took the round cakes and pointed to the moon with a smile, saying, "I'd like to invite the toad to enjoy the *hú* (胡) cake." After sharing the cakes with his ministers, the custom of eating these *hú* cakes spread throughout the country.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-31) Eventually these became known as [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncakes "Mooncakes"). Although the legend explains the beginnings of mooncake-giving, its popularity and ties to the festival began during the [Song dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty "Song dynasty") (906–1279 CE).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
Another popular legend concerns the Han Chinese's uprising against the ruling Mongols at the end of the [Yuan dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty "Yuan dynasty") (1280–1368 CE), in which the Han Chinese used traditional mooncakes to conceal the message that they were to rebel on Mid-Autumn Day.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yang-27) Because of strict controls upon Han Chinese families imposed by the Mongols in which only 1 out of every 10 households was allowed to own a knife guarded by a Mongolian, this coordinated message was important to gather as many available weapons as possible.
### Other foods and food displays
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Other foods and food displays")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinesischer_Duftwein_Flasche.jpg)
[Cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") is the traditional choice for "reunion wine" drunk during Mid-Autumn Festival
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%B2_he.JPG)
Vietnamese rice figurines, known as *tò he*
Imperial dishes served on this occasion included nine-jointed lotus roots which symbolize peace, and watermelons cut in the shape of lotus petals which symbolize reunion.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) Teacups were placed on stone tables in the garden, where the family would pour [tea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea "Tea") and chat, waiting for the moment when the full moon's reflection appeared in the center of their cups.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) Owing to the timing of the plant's blossoms, [cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") is the traditional choice for the "reunion wine" drunk on the occasion. Also, people will celebrate by eating cassia cakes and candy. In some places, people will celebrate by drinking osmanthus wine and eating osmanthus mooncakes.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-34)
Food offerings made to deities are placed on an altar set up in the courtyard, including apples, pears, peaches, grapes, [pomegranates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate "Pomegranate"), melons, oranges, and [pomelos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo "Pomelo").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-tom-35) One of the first decorations purchased for the celebration table is a clay statue of the [Jade Rabbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_Rabbit "Jade Rabbit"). In Chinese folklore, the Jade Rabbit was an animal that lived on the Moon and accompanied Chang'e. Offerings of soy beans and cockscomb flowers were made to the Jade Rabbit.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
Nowadays, in southern China, people will also eat some seasonal fruit that may differ in different district but carrying the same meaning of blessing.
### Courtship and matchmaking
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Courtship and matchmaking")\]
The Mid-Autumn moon has traditionally been a choice occasion to celebrate marriages. Girls would pray to Moon deity [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e") to help fulfill their romantic wishes.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5)
In some parts of China, dances are held for young men and women to find partners. For example, young women are encouraged to throw their handkerchiefs to the crowd, and the young man who catches and returns the handkerchief has a chance at romance.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) In [Daguang](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daguang&action=edit&redlink=1 "Daguang (page does not exist)"), in southwest [Guizhou Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guizhou_Province "Guizhou Province"), young men and women of the [Dong people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_people "Dong people") would make an appointment at a certain place. The young women would arrive early to overhear remarks made about them by the young men. The young men would praise their lovers in front of their fellows, in which finally the listening women would walk out of the thicket. Pairs of lovers would go off to a quiet place to open their hearts to each other.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
### Games and activities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Games and activities")\]
During the 1920s and 1930s, ethnographer Chao Wei-pang conducted research on traditional games among men, women and children on or around the Mid-Autumn day in the [Guangdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong "Guangdong") Province. These games relate to flights of the soul, spirit possession, or fortunetelling.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- One type of activity, "Ascent to Heaven" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 上天堂 *shàng tiāntáng*) involves a young lady selected from a circle of women to "ascend" into the celestial realm. While being enveloped in the smoke of burning incense, she describes the beautiful sights and sounds she encounters.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Another activity, "Descent into the Garden" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 落花园 *luò huāyuán*), played among younger girls, detailed each girl's visit to the heavenly gardens. According to legend, a flower tree represented her, and the number and color of the flowers indicated the sex and number of children she would have in her lifetime.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Men played a game called "Descent of the [Eight Immortals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Immortals "Eight Immortals")" (*jiangbaxian*), where one of the Eight Immortals took possession of a player, who would then assume the role of a scholar or warrior.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Children would play a game called "Encircling the Toad" (*guanxiamo*), where the group would form a circle around a child chosen to be a Toad King and chanted a song that transformed the child into a toad. He would jump around like a toad until water was sprinkled on his head, in which he would then stop.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
### Local celebrations
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=11 "Edit section: Local celebrations")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Montreal_JBotanique2_tango7174.jpg)
Mid-Autumn Festival at the Botanical Garden, [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Mid-Autumn_Festival,_Belfast,_September_2012_\(10\).JPG)
Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival parade, Belfast City Hall, [Belfast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast "Belfast"), Northern Ireland
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival_21,_Chinatown,_Singapore,_Sep_06.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival at [Chinatown, Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Singapore "Chinatown, Singapore")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival1.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations in [Victoria Park, Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Hong_Kong "Victoria Park, Hong Kong")
#### Xiamen
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=12 "Edit section: Xiamen")\]
A unique tradition is celebrated quite exclusively in the island city of [Xiamen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen "Xiamen"). During the festival, families and friends gather to play [Bo Bing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Bing_\(game\) "Bo Bing (game)"), a gambling sort of game involving 6 dice. People take turns in rolling the dice in a ceramic bowl with the results determining what they win. The number 4 is mainly what determines how big the prize is.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-:0-36)
#### Hong Kong and Macau
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:25_Largo_do_Senado,_Macau_-_panoramio.jpg)
Lantern in [Senado Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senado_Square "Senado Square"), Macau
In [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") and [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau"), the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday rather than the festival date itself (unless that date falls on a Sunday, then Monday is also a holiday), because many celebration events are held at night. Many businesses let employees off early on the day before. There are a number of festive activities such as lighting lanterns, but [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncakes "Mooncakes") are the most important feature there. However, people don't usually buy mooncakes for themselves, but to give their relatives as presents. People start to exchange these presents well in advance of the festival. Hence, mooncakes are sold in elegant boxes for presentation purpose. Also, the price for these boxes are not considered cheap—a four-mooncake box of the lotus seeds paste with egg yolks variety, can generally cost US\$40 or more.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-37) However, as [environmental protection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_protection "Environmental protection") has become a concern of the public in recent years, many mooncake manufacturers in Hong Kong have adopted practices to reduce [packaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packaging "Packaging") materials to practical limits.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-hkepd-1-38) The mooncake manufacturers also explore in the creation of new types of mooncakes, such as [ice-cream mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-cream "Ice-cream") and [snow skin mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_skin_mooncake "Snow skin mooncake").
There are also other traditions related to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong. Neighbourhoods across Hong Kong set impressive lantern exhibitions with traditional stage shows, game stalls, palm readings, and many other festive activities. The grandest celebrations take place in [Victoria Park (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Park_\(Hong_Kong\) "Victoria Park (Hong Kong)").[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-39) One of the brightest rituals is the Fire Dragon Dance dating back to the 19th century and recognised as a part of China's intangible cultural heritage.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-HKMemory8thMonth-41) The 200 foot-long fire dragon requires more than 300 people to operate, taking turns. The leader of the fire dragon dance would pray for peace, good fortune through blessings in Hakka. After the ritual ceremony, fire-dragon was thrown into the sea with lanterns and paper cards, which means the dragon would return to sea and take the misfortunes away.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-HKMemory8thMonth-41)
Before 1941, there were also some celebration of Mid-Autumn Festival held in small villages in Hong Kong. Sha Po would celebrate Mid Autumn Festival in every 15th day of the 8th Chinese lunisolar month.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-42) People called the Mid-Autumn Festival the Kwong Sin Festival. They held Pok San Ngau Tsai at Datong Pond in Sha Po. Pok San Ngau Tsai was a celebration event of the Kwong Sin Festival, and people would gather around to watch it. During the event, someone would play the percussions, and some villagers would then act possessed and call themselves "Maoshan Masters". They burnt themselves with incense sticks and fought with real blades and spears.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
#### Ethnic minorities in mainland China
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Ethnic minorities in mainland China")\]
- [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China "Koreans in China") minorities living in [Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture "Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture") have a custom of welcoming the Moon, where they put up a large conical house frame made of dry pine branches called a "moon house". The moonlight would shine inside for gazers to appreciate.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Bouyei people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouyei_people "Bouyei people") call the occasion "Worshipping Moon Festival", where after praying to ancestors and dining together, they bring rice cakes to the doorway to worship the Moon Grandmother.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Tu people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_people "Tu people") practice a ceremony called "Beating the Moon", where they place a basin of clear water in the courtyard to reflect an image of the Moon, and then "beat" the water surface with branches.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Maonan people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maonan_people "Maonan people") tie a bamboo near the table, on which a grapefruit is hung, with three lit incense sticks on it. This is called "Shooting the Moon".[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
#### Taiwan
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=15 "Edit section: Taiwan")\]
In [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan"), and its outlying islands [Penghu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu "Penghu"), [Kinmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinmen "Kinmen"), and [Matsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsu_Islands "Matsu Islands"), the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday. Outdoor barbecues have become a popular affair for friends and family to gather and enjoy each other's company.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-43) Children also make and wear hats made of pomelo rinds. It is believed Chang'e, the lady in the moon, will notice children with her favorite fruit and bestow good fortune upon them.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-44)
#### Canada and the United States
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Canada and the United States")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Singer_\(1434033239\).jpg)
Autumn Moon Festival in [San Francisco Chinatown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_San_Francisco "Chinatown, San Francisco"), 2007
As late as 2014, the Mid-Autumn Festival generally went unnoticed in North America outside of Asian supermarkets and food stores,[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-45) but it has gained popularity since then in areas with significant ethnic Chinese overseas populations, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Xinhua-2019-46) Unlike traditions in China, celebrations in the United States are usually limited to daylight hours, and generally conclude by early evening.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-47)
| City | District | Since | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston "Boston") | [Chinatown, Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston "Chinatown, Boston") | | [\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-48) |
| [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") | [Chinatown, Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Chicago "Chinatown, Chicago") | 2005 | [\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-49) |
| [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles "Los Angeles") | [Chinatown, Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Los_Angeles "Chinatown, Los Angeles") | 1938 | [\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-50) |
| [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") | [Chinatown, Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan "Chinatown, Manhattan"), [Flushing, Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Queens#Flushing_Chinatown "Chinatowns in Queens"), and [Sunset Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn "Chinatowns in Brooklyn") | 2019 | [\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Xinhua-2019-46)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-51) |
| [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") | [Chinatown, Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Philadelphia "Chinatown, Philadelphia") | 1995 | [\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Philadelphia-52) |
| [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") | [Chinatown, San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_San_Francisco "Chinatown, San Francisco") | 1991 | [\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-53) |
| [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto "Toronto") | [Cadillac Fairview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Fairview "Cadillac Fairview") shopping areas | | [\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-55) |
| [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") | [Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Sun_Yat-Sen_Classical_Chinese_Garden "Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden") | | [\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Vancouver-56) |
## Similar holidays in other cultures
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Similar holidays in other cultures")\]
Similar harvest holidays are found in other parts of Asia and also revolve around the full moon. These festivals tend to occur on the same day or around the Mid-Autumn Festival.
### East Asia
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=18 "Edit section: East Asia")\]
#### Japan
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=19 "Edit section: Japan")\]
Main article: [Tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi")
The Japanese moon viewing festival, *o-[tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi")* (お月見, "moon viewing"), is also held at this time. People picnic and drink sake under the full moon to celebrate the harvest.
#### Korea
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=20 "Edit section: Korea")\]
Main article: [Chuseok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok "Chuseok")
*Chuseok* ([Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language "Korean language"): 추석; [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja"): 秋夕; \[tɕʰu.sʌk̚\]), literally "Autumn eve", once known as hangawi (한가위; \[han.ɡa.ɥi\]; from archaic Korean for "the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday in North Korea and South Korea celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar on the full moon. It was celebrated as far back as during the Three Kingdoms period in Silla. As a celebration of the good harvest, Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns, honor their ancestors in a family ceremony (차례), and share a feast of Korean traditional food such as *[songpyeon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songpyeon "Songpyeon")* (송편), *tohrangook* (토란국), and rice wines such as *sindoju* and *dongdongju*.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-57)
### Southeast Asia
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=21 "Edit section: Southeast Asia")\]
Main article: [Uposatha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uposatha "Uposatha")
Many festivals revolving around a full moon are also celebrated in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Like the Mid-Autumn Festival, these festivals have Buddhist origins and revolve around the full moon. However, unlike their East Asian counterparts they occur several times a year to correspond with each full moon as opposed to one day each year. The festivals that occur in the lunar months of *[Ashvini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvini "Ashvini")* and *[Kṛttikā](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%B9%9Bttik%C4%81 "Kṛttikā")* generally occur during the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-59)
#### Cambodia
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=22 "Edit section: Cambodia")\]
In [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia "Cambodia"), it is more commonly called "The Water and Moon Festival" [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk").[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-60) The Water and Moon festival is celebrated in November of every year. It is a three-day celebration, starting with the boat race that last the first two days of the festival. The boat races are colorfully painted with bright colors and is in various designs being most popular the neak, Cambodian sea dragon. Hundreds of Cambodian males take part in rowing the boats and racing them at the Tonle Sap River. When night falls the streets are filled with people buying food and attending various concerts.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-61) In the evening is the Sampeah Preah Khae: the salutation to the moon or prayers to the moon.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-62) The Cambodian people set an array of offerings that are popular for rabbits, such and various fruits and a traditional dish called Ak Ambok in front of their homes with lit incenses to make wishes to the Moon.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-63) Cambodians believe the legend of The Rabbit and the Moon, and that a rabbit who lives on the Moon watches over the Cambodian people. At midnight everyone goes up to the temple to pray and make wishes and enjoy their Ak Ambok together. Cambodians would also make homemade lanterns that are usually made into the shape of the lotus flowers or other more modern designs. Incense and candles light up the lanterns and Cambodians make prayers and then send if off into the river for their wishes and prayers to be heard and granted.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-64)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-66)
#### Laos
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=23 "Edit section: Laos")\]
In Laos, many festivals are held on the day of the full moon. The most popular festival known as *[That Luang Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Luang_Festival "That Luang Festival")* is associated with Buddhist legend and is held at Pha That Luang temple in [Vientiane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vientiane "Vientiane"). The festival often lasts for three to seven days. A procession occurs and many people visit the temple.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-67)
#### Myanmar
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=24 "Edit section: Myanmar")\]
In Myanmar, numerous festivals are held on the day of the full moon. However, the [Thadingyut Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thadingyut_Festival "Thadingyut Festival") is the most popular one and occurs in the month of Thadingyut. It also occurs around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival, depending on the lunar calendar. It is one of the biggest festivals in Myanmar after the New Year festival, *[Thingyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thingyan "Thingyan")*. It is a Buddhist festival and many people go to the temple to pay respect to the monks and offer food.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-68) It is also a time for thanksgiving and paying homage to Buddhist monks, teachers, parents and elders.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-69)
#### Singapore
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=25 "Edit section: Singapore")\]
The mid-Autumn festival, known as *Bulan Lapan* by [Peranakan Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese "Peranakan Chinese"),[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-70) is informally observed,[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-71) but is not a government or public holiday.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-72)
#### Vietnam
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=26 "Edit section: Vietnam")\]
Main article: [Tết Trung Thu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu "Tết Trung Thu")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Den_ong_sao.JPG)
Vietnamese children celebrating the Tết Trung Thu with traditional 5-pointed star-shaped lantern
In Vietnam, children participate in parades in the dark under the full moon with lanterns of various forms, shapes, and colors. Traditionally, lanterns signified the wish for the Sun's light and warmth to return after winter.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cohen-73) In addition to carrying lanterns, the children also don masks. Elaborate masks were made of [papier-mâché](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9 "Papier-mâché"), though it is more common to find masks made of plastic nowadays.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Handcrafted shadow lanterns were an important part of Mid-Autumn displays since the 12th-century [Lý dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty "Lý dynasty"), often of historical figures from Vietnamese history.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Handcrafted lantern-making declined in modern times due to the availability of mass-produced plastic lanterns, which often depict internationally recognizable characters from children's shows and video games.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is known as *Tết Trung Thu* ([Chữ Nôm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m "Chữ Nôm"): 節中秋) in Vietnamese. It is also commonly referred to as the "Children's Festival".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16) The Vietnamese traditionally believed that children, being the most innocent, had the closest connection to the sacred, pure and natural beauty of the world. The celebration of the children's spirit was seen as a way to connect to that world still full of wonder, mystery, teachings, joy, and sadness. [Animist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism "Animism") spirits, deities and Vietnamese folk religions are also observed during the festival.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cohen-73)
In its most traditional form, the evening commemorates the dragon who brings rain for the crops.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Celebrants would observe the moon to divine the future of the people and the harvests. Eventually the celebration came to symbolize a reverence for fruitfulness, with prayers given for bountiful harvests, increase in livestock, and fertility. Over time, the prayers *for* children evolved into the celebration *of* children.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Historical Confucian scholars continued the tradition of gazing at the Moon, but to sip wine and improvise poetry and song.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) However, by the early twentieth century in Hanoi, the festival had begun to assume its identity as the quintessential children's festival.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
Aside from the story of Chang'e (Vietnamese: Hằng Nga), there are two other popular folktales associated with the festival. The first describes the legend of *Cuội*, whose wife accidentally urinated on a sacred [banyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan "Banyan") tree. The tree began to float towards the Moon, and Cuội, trying to pull it back down to Earth, floated to the Moon with it, leaving him stranded there. Every year, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, children light lanterns and participate in a procession to show Cuội the way back to Earth.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-tet-75) The other tale involves a carp who wanted to become a dragon, and as a result, worked hard throughout the year until he was able to transform himself into a dragon.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16)
One important event before and during the festival are [lion dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_dance "Lion dance"). Dances are performed by both non-professional children's groups and trained professional groups. Lion dance groups perform on the streets, going to houses asking for permission to perform for them. If the host consents, the "lion" will come in and start dancing as a blessing of luck and fortune for the home. In return, the host gives [lucky money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_money "Lucky money") to show their gratitude.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] Cakes and fruits are not only consumed, but elaborately prepared as food displays. For example, glutinous rice flour and rice paste are molded into familiar animals. Pomelo sections can be fashioned into unicorns, rabbits, or dogs.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Villagers of [Xuân La](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%C3%A2n_La,_T%C3%A2y_H%E1%BB%93 "Xuân La, Tây Hồ"), just north of [Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi "Hanoi"), produce *tò he*, figurines made from rice paste and colored with natural food dyes.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Into the early decades of the twentieth century of Vietnam, daughters of wealthy families would prepare elaborate center pieces filled with treats for their younger siblings. Well-dressed visitors could visit to observe the daughter's handiwork as an indication of her capabilities as a wife in the future. Eventually the practice of arranging centerpieces became a tradition not just limited to wealthy families.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
Into the early decades of the twentieth century Vietnam, young men and women used the festival as a chance to meet future life companions. Groups would assemble in a courtyard and exchange verses of song while gazing at the Moon. Those who performed poorly were sidelined until one young man and one young woman remained, after which they would win prizes as well as entertain matrimonial prospects.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
### South Asia
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=27 "Edit section: South Asia")\]
#### India
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=28 "Edit section: India")\]
Main article: [Onam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onam "Onam")
Onam is an annual Harvest festival in the state of Kerala in India.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-77) It falls on the 22nd nakshatra Thiruvonam in the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam, which in Gregorian calendar overlaps with August–September.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-78)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76) According to legends, the festival is celebrated to commemorate King Mahabali, whose spirit is said to visit Kerala at the time of Onam.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Lukose2009-80)
Onam is a major annual event for Malayali people in and outside Kerala.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-S'pore-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-traditional_flair-82)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-in_the_UAE-83) It is a harvest festival, one of three major annual Hindu celebrations along with Vishu and Thiruvathira, and it is observed with numerous festivities. Onam celebrations include Vallam Kali (boat races), Pulikali (tiger dances), Pookkalam (flower Rangoli), Onathappan (worship), Onam Kali, Tug of War, Thumbi Thullal (women's dance), Kummattikali (mask dance), Onathallu (martial arts), Onavillu (music), Kazhchakkula (plantain offerings), Onapottan (costumes), Atthachamayam (folk songs and dance), and other celebrations.
Onam is the official state festival of Kerala[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-84) with public holidays that start four days from Uthradom (Onam eve). Major festivities take place across 30 venues in Thiruvananthapuram, capital of Kerala. It is also celebrated by Malayali diaspora around the world. Though a Hindu festival, non-Hindu communities of Kerala participate in Onam celebrations considering it as a cultural festival.
[Sharad Purnima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharad_Purnima "Sharad Purnima") is a harvest festival celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of [Ashvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvin "Ashvin") (September–October), marking the end of the monsoon season.
#### Sri Lanka
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=29 "Edit section: Sri Lanka")\]
Main article: [Poya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poya "Poya")
In Sri Lanka, a full moon day is known as *Poya* and each full moon day is a public holiday. Shops and businesses are closed on these days as people prepare for the full moon.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Mid-Autumn_Festival_celebrations-85)\[*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")*\] Exteriors of buildings are adorned with lanterns and people often make food and go to the temple to listen to sermons.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Mid-Autumn_Festival_in_Asia-86) The *Binara Full Moon Poya Day* and *Vap Full Moon Poya Day* occur around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival and like other Buddhist Asian countries, the festivals celebrate the ascendance and culmination of the Buddha's visit to heaven and for the latter, the acknowledgement of the cultivation season known as "Maha".[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-87)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-88)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-89)
### West Asia
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=30 "Edit section: West Asia")\]
#### Israel
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=31 "Edit section: Israel")\]
Main article: [Sukkot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkot "Sukkot")
The Jewish harvest festival of Sukkot is a cognate celebration. It begins on a full moon, on the fifteenth day of the lunar month [Tishrei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishrei "Tishrei"), which is the seventh month of the [Hebrew calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar "Hebrew calendar"). Because of similarities between this calendar and the Chinese calendar, this often coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-90) Sukkot is also known in the Torah as "Festival of Ingathering" ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): חַג הָאָסִיף, [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew "Romanization of Hebrew"):*ḥag hāʾāsif*),[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-com-91) similar to the element of gathering in the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. This "gathering" refers both to the end of harvest and to the gathering of people into the [Sukkah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkah "Sukkah").
## Dates
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=32 "Edit section: Dates")\]
The Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the [Han calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar")—essentially the night of a [full moon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_moon "Full moon")—which falls near the Autumnal Equinox (on a day between 7 September and 8 October in the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar")). It will occur on these days in coming years:[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-92)
- 2026: Friday 25 September
- 2027: Wednesday 15 September
- 2028: Tuesday 3 October
- 2029: Saturday 22 September
- 2030: Thursday 12 September
## See also
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=33 "Edit section: See also")\]
- [Agriculture in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_China "Agriculture in China")
- [Agriculture in Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam "Agriculture in Vietnam")
- [Chinese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_holidays "Traditional Chinese holidays")
- [Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival "Dragon Boat Festival") – Chinese holiday
- [Joss paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joss_paper "Joss paper") – Sheets of paper made into burnt offerings in Chinese culture
- [List of harvest festivals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals "List of harvest festivals")
- [Vietnamese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_holidays "Vietnamese holidays")
## Notes
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=34 "Edit section: Notes")\]
## References
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=35 "Edit section: References")\]
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Vuong, Zen (13 September 2014). ["Mid-Autumn Festival and being Chinese-American"](https://www.dailybulletin.com/2014/09/13/mid-autumn-festival-and-being-chinese-american/). *Daily Bulletin*. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
46. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-Xinhua-2019_46-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-Xinhua-2019_46-1)
["Feature: Mid-Autumn Festival gives Americans a taste of China"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190917233816/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/14/c_138391757.htm). *Xinhua*. 14 September 2019. Archived from [the original](http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/14/c_138391757.htm) on 17 September 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
47. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-47)**
["Celebration in America"](https://sites.google.com/a/stonybrook.edu/mid-autumn-festival-aas-220/celebrations/celebration-in-ameria). *Mid-Autumn Festival (AAS 220)*. Stonybrook. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
48. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-48)**
["Annual August Moon Festival: Chinatown 2019 (Tips, Reviews, Local Guide)"](https://www.bostoncentral.com/events/august_moon_festival/p1041.php). *www.bostoncentral.com*.
49. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-49)**
["About Moon Fest Chicago"](https://www.moonfestchicago.com/about/). *Moon Festival Chicago*. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
50. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-50)**
["81st Annual Mid-Autumn Moon Festival (2019-09-14)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035712/http://chinatownla.com/wp1/event/81st-annual-mid-autumn-moon-festival/). Archived from [the original](http://chinatownla.com/wp1/event/81st-annual-mid-autumn-moon-festival/) on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
51. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-51)**
Snook, Raven (5 August 2014). ["Chinese Mid-Autumn Moon Festivals in New York City: Moon Cakes and Flying Lanterns"](https://mommypoppins.com/newyorkcitykids/moon-cakes-and-flying-lanterns-chinese-mid-autumn-festival-in-new-york-city). MommyPoppins.com.
52. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-Philadelphia_52-0)**
["Join in a lantern parade at annual Mid-Autumn Festival in Chinatown"](https://www.phillyvoice.com/philadelphia-chinatown-22nd-annual-mid-autumn-festival/). 19 September 2017.
53. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-53)**
["About"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200417131530/http://www.moonfestival.org/about-us.html). *MoonFestival.org*. Chinatown Merchants Association. Archived from [the original](http://www.moonfestival.org/about-us.html) on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
54. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-54)**
Fairview, Cadillac. ["Cadillac Fairview Celebrates the Mid-Autumn Festival"](https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/cadillac-fairview-celebrates-the-mid-autumn-festival-823482467.html). *www.newswire.ca*.
55. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-55)**
["Celebrate Mid-Autumn Festival"](https://www.cfshops.com/pacific-centre/news-events/events/mid-autumn-festival-2019.html). *www.cfshops.com*.
56. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-Vancouver_56-0)**
["Mid-Autumn Festival celebration held in Vancouver – Xinhua \| English.news.cn"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200811175652/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-09/22/c_137486546.htm). *www.xinhuanet.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-09/22/c_137486546.htm) on 11 August 2020.
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58. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-58)**
["How the world celebrates Mid-Autumn Festival – Chinese News"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162412/http://www.chinesetimeschool.com/en-us/articles/how-the-world-celebrates-mid-autumn-festival/). chinesetimesschool.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.chinesetimeschool.com/en-us/articles/how-the-world-celebrates-mid-autumn-festival/) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
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["上海百润投资控股集团股份有限公司"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220151752/http://www.bairun.net/bairun_cn/insight_xunwei10_cn.html). *www.bairun.net*. Archived from [the original](http://www.bairun.net/bairun_cn/insight_xunwei10_cn.html) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
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Craig (5 November 2019). ["Cambodian Water Festival (Bon Om Touk)"](https://pharecircus.org/cambodian-water-festival-bon-om-touk/). *pharecircus.org*. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
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Cassie (21 November 2018). ["Cambodia's Water Festival (Bon Om Touk)"](https://www.movetocambodia.com/holidays/cambodias-water-festival/). *movetocambodia.com*. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
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Carruthers, Marissa (22 October 2018). ["No, not Songkran – that other water festival, in Cambodia, and its thrills"](https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/travel-leisure/article/2169322/all-you-need-know-about-cambodias-water-festival-its). *scmp.com*. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
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73. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-cohen_73-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-cohen_73-1)
Cohen, Barbara (1 October 1995). ["Mid-Autumn Children's Festival"](http://www.destinationvietnam.com/stories-photos/1055/60789485/4/con0_rec;jsessionid=96D02A8A1D3653C5D0AD9165EDC708B6). Retrieved 10 November 2012.
`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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Nguyen, Van Huy (2003), "The Mid-Autumn Festival (Tet Trung Thu), Yesterday and Today", in Kendall, Laurel (ed.), *Vietnam: Journeys of Body, Mind, and Spirit*, University of California Press, pp. 93–106, [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-0520238725](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520238725 "Special:BookSources/978-0520238725")
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Wong, Bet Key. ["Tet Trung Thu"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120623014205/http://www.familyculture.com/holidays/tettrungthu.htm). FamilyCulture.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.familyculture.com/holidays/tettrungthu.htm) on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
76. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-cush574_76-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-cush574_76-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-cush574_76-2)
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2012). [*Encyclopedia of Hinduism*](https://books.google.com/books?id=kzPgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA574). Routledge. pp. 573–574\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[978-1135189792](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135189792 "Special:BookSources/978-1135189792")
.
77. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-77)** [Mahabali comes calling](http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/mahabali-comes-calling/article6383238.ece), The Hindu, Neeti Sarkar (5 September 2014)
78. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-78)** [Onam Festival The Society for Confluence of Festivals of India (2015)](http://www.onamfestival.org/)
79. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-79)**
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[978-0-8223-9124-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9124-1 "Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-9124-1")
.
81. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-S'pore_81-0)**
["Onam celebrated in S'pore"](https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120907-370160.html). Asia One news. 7 September 2012. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20161223175050/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120907-370160.html) from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
82. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-traditional_flair_82-0)**
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83. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-in_the_UAE_83-0)**
Shveta Pathak (10 September 2011). ["Keralites in the UAE celebrate Onam"](http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/society/keralites-in-the-uae-celebrate-onam-1.863848). Gulf News. Retrieved 30 December 2012.
84. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-84)**
Ali, Subhashini (31 August 2020). ["Despite Sangh Efforts to Project it as 'Hindu' Festival, Story of Onam Prevails in Kerala"](https://thewire.in/society/kerala-onam-festival). *TheWire*. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
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冯明惠. ["How the world celebrates Mid-Autumn Festival"](http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/2016-09/13/content_26774538.htm). Chinadaily.com.cn.
86. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-Mid-Autumn_Festival_in_Asia_86-0)**
["Mid-Autumn Festival Traditions"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220135333/http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/culture/living/1509/2312-1.htm). All China Women's Federation. Archived from [the original](http://www.womenofchina.cn/womenofchina/html1/culture/living/1509/2312-1.htm) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
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["Poya – Sri Lanka – Office Holidays"](http://www.officeholidays.com/countries/sri_lanka/full_moon.php). 6 January 2023.
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["september calendar"](https://web.archive.org/web/20161220150022/http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/tag/september-calendar/). Archived from [the original](http://aglobalworld.com/holidays-around-the-world/tag/september-calendar/) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
89. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-89)**
["Today is Vap Full Moon Poya Day"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190422164915/https://www.news.lk/news/sri-lanka/item/3442-the-navam-pura-pasaloswaka-poya-day-falls-today). Archived from [the original](http://www.news.lk/news/sri-lanka/item/3442-the-navam-pura-pasaloswaka-poya-day-falls-today) on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
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Bernstein, Moshe Y. (15 January 2016). ["Sukkot and Mid-Autumn Festivals in Kaifeng: Conundrums at the Crossroads of Sino-Judaic Cultural Identity"](https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618114211-007). In Ross, James R.; Song, Lihong (eds.). *The Image of Jews in Contemporary China*. Jewish Identities in Post-Modern Society. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press. pp. 72–98\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1515/9781618114211](https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781618114211). [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
[9781618114211](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781618114211 "Special:BookSources/9781618114211")
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*taiwan-database.net* <https://web.archive.org/web/20260112110310/https://taiwan-database.net/PDFs/WTFpdf23.pdf>. Archived from [the original](https://taiwan-database.net/PDFs/WTFpdf23.pdf) (PDF) on 12 January 2026. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
`{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title "Help:CS1 errors"))
## External links
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=36 "Edit section: External links")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Mid-Autumn Festival](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mid-Autumn_Festival "commons:Category:Mid-Autumn Festival").
- [San Francisco Chinatown Autumn Moon Festival](http://www.moonfestival.org/)
- [Moon Viewing Festival](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X371xoBUdA) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)") at [Sumiyoshi-taisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumiyoshi-taisha "Sumiyoshi-taisha"), Osaka, Japan
- [Brief video about the history and traditions of Mid-Autumn Festival](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFK3WPtj46c) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)")
- [Origin and Development of the Mid-Autumn Festival](https://www.chinaeducationaltours.com/guide/mid-autumn-festival.htm)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_China "Template:Public holidays in China") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_China "Template talk:Public holidays in China") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_China "Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in China")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") [Public holidays in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_China "Public holidays in China") | | |
|---|---|---|
| [Golden weeks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Week_\(China\) "Golden Week (China)") | [Spring Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_New_Year "Chinese New Year") [Chunyun](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunyun "Chunyun") [National Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China "National Day of the People's Republic of China") | [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China") |
| Other holidays | [New Year's Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day "New Year's Day") [Qingming Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingming_Festival "Qingming Festival") [Workers' Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day "International Workers' Day") [Duanwu Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duanwu_Festival "Duanwu Festival") [Mid-Autumn Festival]() [Qixi Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qixi_Festival "Qixi Festival") | |
| In times when Mid-Autumn Festival takes place near the National Day, it is also included in the Golden Week. | | |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Template talk:Public holidays in Hong Kong") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in Hong Kong")[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") [Public holidays in Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Hong_Kong "Public holidays in Hong Kong") | |
|---|---|
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| Cancelled | [Queen's Birthday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_Official_Birthday "King's Official Birthday") [Liberation Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_Day_\(Hong_Kong\) "Liberation Day (Hong Kong)") [Double Ten Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Day_of_the_Republic_of_China "National Day of the Republic of China") [Remembrance Day](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembrance_Day "Remembrance Day") |
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Mid-Autumn Festival
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[Add topic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival) |
| Readable Markdown | | Mid Autumn Festival | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival-beijing.jpg)Festival decorations in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing") | |
| Also called | Moon Festival, Mooncake Festival |
| Observed by | [Chinese people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_people "Chinese people") |
| Type | Cultural, religious |
| Significance | To celebrate the end of the autumn harvest |
| Celebrations | Lantern lighting, [mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake") making and sharing, courtship and matchmaking, fireworks, family gatherings, [dragon dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_dances "Dragon dances"), family meals, visiting friends and relatives, gift-giving |
| Observances | Consumption of [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake") and [cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") |
| Date | 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar |
| 2025 date | 6 October |
| 2026 date | 25 September |
| 2027 date | 15 September |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | [Chuseok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok "Chuseok") (Korea), [Tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi") (Japan), [Tết Trung Thu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu "Tết Trung Thu") (Vietnam), [Uposatha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uposatha "Uposatha") of [Ashvini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvini "Ashvini") or [Krittika](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%B9%9Bttik%C4%81 "Kṛttikā") (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand) |
| Chinese name | |
| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") | [中秋節](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E7%AF%80 "wikt:中秋節") |
| [Simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters") | [中秋节](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%A7%8B%E8%8A%82 "wikt:中秋节") |
| Literal meaning | "Mid-Autumn Festival" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") | |
| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") | Zhōngqiū jié |
| [Wade–Giles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles "Wade–Giles") | Chung1\-ch'iu1 chieh2 |
| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") | [\[ʈʂʊ́ŋ.tɕʰjóʊ tɕjě\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin "Help:IPA/Mandarin") |
| [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese "Wu Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese") | Tson-tshieu tsiq |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Chûng-chhiû-chiet Zúng qiú jièd |
| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") | |
| [Yale Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese "Yale romanization of Cantonese") | Jūng-chāu jit |
| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") | Zung1\-cau1 zit3 |
| [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") | [\[tsʊŋ˥.tsʰɐw˥ tsit̚˧\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese "Help:IPA/Cantonese") |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Tiong-chhiu-cheh |
| [Eastern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Min "Eastern Min") | |
| [Fuzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect "Fuzhou dialect") [BUC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foochow_Romanized "Foochow Romanized") | Dṳ̆ng-chiŭ-cáik |
| Calendar date name | |
| [Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language") | [八月十五](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94 "wikt:八月十五")/[八月半](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%8A "wikt:八月半") |
| Literal meaning | "Fifteenth/Half of the Eighth Month" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Standard Mandarin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese "Standard Chinese") | |
| [Hanyu Pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin "Hanyu Pinyin") | Bāyuè shíwǔ/bàn |
| [Wu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Chinese "Wu Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese") | Paq7\-yuq8 zeq8\-ng6 Paq7\-yuq8\-poe5 |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Bàd ngiad seb ǹg Bàd ngiad ban |
| [Yue: Cantonese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese "Cantonese") | |
| [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping") | Baat3 jyut6 sap6 ng5 |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Poeh-ge̍h-cha̍p-gō͘ Poeh-ge̍h-pòaⁿ |
| Regional name | |
| [Traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters") | [八月節](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9C%88%E7%AF%80 "wikt:八月節") |
| Literal meaning | "Eighth Month Festival" |
| Transcriptions | |
| [Hakka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakka_Chinese "Hakka Chinese") | |
| [Romanization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong_Romanization#Hakka "Guangdong Romanization") | Pat-ngie̍t-chiet |
| [Southern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Min "Southern Min") | |
| [Hokkien](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien") [POJ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB "Pe̍h-ōe-jī") | Peh-go̍eh-cheh |
| [Eastern Min](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Min "Eastern Min") | |
| [Fuzhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect "Fuzhou dialect") [BUC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foochow_Romanized "Foochow Romanized") | Báik-nguŏk-cáik |
The **Mid-Autumn Festival**, also known as the **Moon Festival** or **Mooncake Festival**, is a [harvest festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest_festival "Harvest festival") celebrated in [Chinese culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture "Chinese culture"). It occurs on the 15th day of the 8th month of the [Chinese lunisolar calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar") and can fall between 7 September and 8 October (inclusive) of the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1)[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-2) On this day, the Chinese believe that the moon is at its fullest and brightest, coinciding with the time of harvest in the middle of autumn.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-3)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important holidays and celebrations in Chinese culture. The history of the festival dates back over 3,000 years.[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5) Similar festivals are celebrated by other cultures in [East](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia "East Asia") and [Southeast Asia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asia "Southeast Asia").
During the festival, lanterns of all sizes and shapes – symbolizing beacons that light the path toward prosperity and good fortune for the people – are carried and displayed. [Mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncake "Mooncake"), a rich pastry typically filled with sweet-bean or lotus-seed paste, are eaten during this festival.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-8) The Mid-Autumn Festival is based on the legend of [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), the Moon goddess in [Chinese mythology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology "Chinese mythology").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-9)
It is an official holiday in both [China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China "China")[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-10) and [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan")[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-11) and the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is an official holiday in both [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong")[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-12) and [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau").[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-13)
The festival is so-named as it is held around the [autumn equinox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_equinox "September equinox") on the 15th of the 8th lunisolar month in the [Chinese calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar").[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5) Its name varies among [Sinitic languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinitic_languages "Sinitic languages"), with the most common one being *Mid-Autumn Festival* or simply *Mid-Autumn* (中秋), as well as its traditional calendar date, either *Fifteenth of the Eighth Month* or *Half of the Eighth Month*, which is more regional. Other regional names include *Eighth Month Festival,* used in places such as [Northeast China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_China "Northeast China"), [Southern Fujian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkien "Hokkien"), and [Jianghuai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jianghuai "Jianghuai"); *Festival of Unity* ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 团圆节; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 團圓節; [Wugniu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese "Romanization of Wu Chinese"): *doe2\-yoe2\-ciq7*; [Nanjingese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_dialect "Nanjing dialect"): *tuang2 üän2 zie5*), used in [Shanghai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai "Shanghai") and [Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing "Nanjing"); and *Mooncake Festival* ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 月饼节; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 月餅節; [Jyutping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyutping "Jyutping"): *jyut6 beng2 zit3*), used in [Guangdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong "Guangdong") and [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong").[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-14) Outside China, there are several other names for the festival:
- *[Chuseok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuseok "Chuseok")* (추석; 秋夕;
lit.
''autumn eve''), [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea "Korea") festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese and other East Asian lunisolar calendars.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-15)
- [Tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi")
(月見;
lit.
'moon viewing')
, Japanese variant of the Mid-Autumn Festival celebrated on the same day in the Chinese lunisolar calendar.
- Moon Festival or Harvest Moon Festival, because of the celebration's association with the full moon on this night, as well as the traditions of Moon worship and Moon viewing.
- *[Tết Trung Thu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%BFt_Trung_Thu "Tết Trung Thu")* (節中秋 in [Chữ Nôm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m "Chữ Nôm")), in Vietnam.
- Also known as The Children's Festival in Vietnam. Most festival songs are sung by the children.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16)
- Lantern Festival, a term sometimes used in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore"), [Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia "Malaysia") and [Indonesia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia "Indonesia"),[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-17) which is not to be confused with the [Lantern Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern_Festival "Lantern Festival") in China that occurs on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese calendar.
- However, 'Mid-Autumn Festival' is more widely used by locals when referring to the festival in English and 'Zhōngqiū Jié' is used when referring to the festival in Chinese. \[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
- [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk"), or The Water and Moon Festival in [Cambodian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language "Khmer language"). The festival is held each year in November for 3 days.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-18)
The festival celebrates three fundamental concepts that are closely connected:
- *Gathering*: Such as family and friends coming together, or harvesting crops for the festival. It is said that the Moon is the brightest and roundest on this day which means family reunion. Consequently, this is the main reason why the festival is thought to be important.
- *Giving thanks*: To give thanks for the harvest, or for harmonious unions through activities like giving mooncakes to each other.
- *Praying* (asking for conceptual or material satisfaction): Praying for things such as babies, a spouse, beauty, longevity, or a good future
Traditions and myths surrounding the festival are formed around these concepts,[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) although traditions have changed over time due to changes in technology, science, economy, culture, and religion.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
## Origins and development
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=3 "Edit section: Origins and development")\]
The Chinese have celebrated the harvest during the autumn full moon since the [Shang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_dynasty "Shang dynasty") (c. 1600–1046 BCE).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yu-20) The term *mid-autumn* (中秋) first appeared in *[Rites of Zhou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rites_of_Zhou "Rites of Zhou")*, a written collection of rituals of the [Western Zhou dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Zhou_dynasty "Western Zhou dynasty") (1046–771 BCE).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) As for the royal court, it was dedicated to the goddess [Taiyinxingjun](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E "zh:姜皇后") (太陰星君; *Tàiyīn xīng jūn*). This is still true for [Taoism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism "Taoism") and [Chinese folk religion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion "Chinese folk religion").[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-21)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Fan,_Chen_2013._p._23-22)
The celebration as a festival only started to gain popularity during the early [Tang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty "Tang dynasty") (618–907 CE).[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) One legend explains that [Emperor Xuanzong of Tang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tang "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang") started to hold formal celebrations in his palace after having explored the Moon-Palace.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Mid-Autumn Festival had become one of the main folk festivals in China. The [Empress Dowager Cixi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi "Empress Dowager Cixi") (late 19th century) enjoyed celebrating Mid-Autumn Festival so much that she would spend the period between the thirteenth and seventeenth day of the eighth month staging elaborate rituals.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Moon_Goddess_Chang_E_-_Unidentified_artist,_after_Tang_Yin.jpg)
[Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), the Moon Goddess of Immortality
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chang%27e_flies_to_the_moon_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_15250.jpg)
[Houyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_Yi "Hou Yi") helplessly looking at his wife Chang'e flying off to the Moon after she drank the elixir.
An important part of the festival celebration is Moon worship. The ancient Chinese believed in rejuvenation being associated with the Moon and water, and connected this concept to [menstruation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation "Menstruation"), calling it "monthly water".[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23) The [Zhuang people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuang_people "Zhuang people"), for example, have an ancient fable saying the Sun and Moon are a couple and the stars are their children, and when the Moon is pregnant, it becomes round, and then becomes crescent after giving birth to a child. These beliefs made it popular among women to worship and give offerings to the Moon on this evening.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23) In some areas of China, there are still customs in which the "men do not worship the moon and the women do not offer sacrifices to the kitchen gods."[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
In China, the Mid-Autumn Festival symbolizes the family reunion and on this day, all families will appreciate the Moon in the evening, because it is the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when the moon is at its fullest.
Offerings are also made to a more well-known lunar deity, [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"), known as the [Moon Goddess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lunar_deities "List of lunar deities") of Immortality. The myths associated with Chang'e explain the origin of Moon worship during this day. One version of the story is as follows, as described in Lihui Yang's *Handbook of Chinese Mythology*:[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-handbook-24)
> In the ancient past, there was a hero named [Hou Yi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hou_Yi "Hou Yi") who was excellent at archery. His wife was [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e"). One year, the ten suns rose in the sky together, causing great disaster to the people. Yi shot down nine of the suns and left only one to provide light. An immortal admired Yi and sent him the elixir of immortality. Yi did not want to leave Chang'e and be immortal without her, so he let Chang'e keep the elixir. However, Peng Meng, one of his apprentices, knew this secret. So, on the fifteenth of August in the Chinese lunisolar calendar, when Yi went hunting, Peng Meng broke into Yi's house and forced Chang'e to give the elixir to him. Chang'e refused to do so. Instead, she swallowed it and flew into the sky. Since she loved her husband and hoped to live nearby, she chose the moon for her residence. When Yi came back and learned what had happened, he felt so sad that he displayed the fruits and cakes Chang'e liked in the yard and gave sacrifices to his wife. People soon learned about these activities, and sympathetic to Chang'e, they also participated in these sacrifices with Yi.
"when people learned of this story, they burnt incense on a long altar and prayed to Chang'e, now the goddess of the Moon, for luck and safety. The custom of praying to the Moon on Mid-Autumn Day has been handed down for thousands of years since that time."[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-25)
*Handbook of Chinese Mythology* also describes an alternate common version of the myth:[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-handbook-24)
> After the hero Houyi shot down nine of the ten suns, he was pronounced king by the thankful people. However, he soon became a conceited and tyrannical ruler. In order to live long without death, he asked for the elixir from [Xiwangmu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiwangmu "Xiwangmu"). But his wife, Chang'e, stole it on the fifteenth of August because she did not want the cruel king to live long and hurt more people. She took the magic potion to prevent her husband from becoming immortal. Houyi was so angry when discovered that Chang'e took the elixir, he shot at his wife as she flew toward the moon, though he missed. Chang'e fled to the moon and became the spirit of the moon. Houyi died soon because he was overcome with great anger. Thereafter, people offer a sacrifice to Chang'e on every fifteenth day of eighth month to commemorate Chang'e's action.
The festival was a time to enjoy the successful reaping of rice and wheat with food offerings made in honor of the moon. Today, it is still an occasion for outdoor reunions among friends and relatives to eat mooncakes and watch the Moon, a symbol of harmony and unity.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) During a year of a solar eclipse, it is typical for governmental offices, banks, and schools to close extra days in order to enjoy the extended celestial celebration an eclipse brings. The festival is celebrated with many cultural or regional customs, among them:
- Burning [incense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incense "Incense") in reverence to deities including [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e").
- Performance of [dragon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_dance "Dragon dance") and [lion dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_dance "Lion dance"), which is mainly practiced in southern China.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1)
For information on a different festival that also involves lanterns, see [Lantern Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern_Festival "Lantern Festival")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival,_Chinatown_32,_102006.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns in Chinatown, Singapore
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HK_SYP_Queen%27s_Road_West_Mid-Autumn_Festival_Lanterns_01_Shop.JPG)
Mid-Autumn Festival lanterns at a shop in Hong Kong
A notable part of celebrating the holiday is the carrying of brightly lit [lanterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern "Lantern"), lighting lanterns on towers, or floating [sky lanterns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_lantern "Sky lantern").[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) Another tradition involving lanterns is to write riddles on them and have other people try to guess the answers ([simplified Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters "Simplified Chinese characters"): 灯谜; [traditional Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters "Traditional Chinese characters"): 燈謎; [pinyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin "Pinyin"): *dēng mí*; lit. 'lantern riddles').[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yang-27)
It is difficult to discern the original purpose of lanterns in connection to the festival, but it is certain that lanterns were not used in conjunction with Moon-worship prior to the [Tang dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty "Tang dynasty").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Traditionally, the lantern has been used to symbolize fertility, and functioned mainly as a toy and decoration. But today the lantern has come to symbolize the festival itself.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) In the old days, lanterns were made in the image of natural things, myths, and local cultures.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Over time, a greater variety of lanterns could be found as local cultures became influenced by their neighbors.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
As China gradually evolved from an agrarian society to a mixed agrarian-commercial one, traditions from other festivals began to be transmitted into the Mid-Autumn Festival, such as the putting of lanterns on rivers to guide the spirits of the drowned as practiced during the [Ghost Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_Festival "Ghost Festival"), which is observed a month before.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19) Hong Kong fishermen during the [Qing dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qing_dynasty "Qing dynasty"), for example, would put up lanterns on their boats for the Ghost Festival and keep the lanterns up until Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Moon_Cakes.jpg)
Typical lotus bean-filled mooncakes eaten during the festival
Making and sharing mooncakes is one of the hallmark traditions of this festival. In Chinese culture, a round shape symbolizes completeness and reunion. Thus, the sharing and eating of round mooncakes among family members during the week of the festival signifies the completeness and unity of families.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-28) In some areas of China, there is a tradition of making mooncakes during the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-chiculture1-29) The senior person in that household would cut the mooncakes into pieces and distribute them to each family member, signifying family reunion.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-chiculture1-29) In modern times, however, making mooncakes at home has given way to the more popular custom of giving mooncakes to family members, although the meaning of maintaining familial unity remains.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
Although typical mooncakes can be around a few centimetres in diameter, imperial chefs have made some as large as 8 meters in diameter, with its surface pressed with designs of Chang'e, [cassia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia "Cinnamomum cassia") trees, or the Moon-Palace.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) One tradition is to pile 13 mooncakes on top of each other to mimic a [pagoda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagoda "Pagoda"), the number 13 being chosen to represent the 13 months in a full Chinese lunisolar year.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) The spectacle of making very large mooncakes continues in modern China.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-30)
According to Chinese folklore, a [Turpan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpan "Turpan") businessman offered cakes to [Emperor Taizong of Tang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Taizong_of_Tang "Emperor Taizong of Tang") in his victory against the [Xiongnu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiongnu "Xiongnu") on the fifteenth day of the eighth Chinese lunisolar month. Taizong took the round cakes and pointed to the moon with a smile, saying, "I'd like to invite the toad to enjoy the *hú* (胡) cake." After sharing the cakes with his ministers, the custom of eating these *hú* cakes spread throughout the country.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-31) Eventually these became known as [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncakes "Mooncakes"). Although the legend explains the beginnings of mooncake-giving, its popularity and ties to the festival began during the [Song dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty "Song dynasty") (906–1279 CE).[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-siu-19)
Another popular legend concerns the Han Chinese's uprising against the ruling Mongols at the end of the [Yuan dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_dynasty "Yuan dynasty") (1280–1368 CE), in which the Han Chinese used traditional mooncakes to conceal the message that they were to rebel on Mid-Autumn Day.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-yang-27) Because of strict controls upon Han Chinese families imposed by the Mongols in which only 1 out of every 10 households was allowed to own a knife guarded by a Mongolian, this coordinated message was important to gather as many available weapons as possible.
### Other foods and food displays
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=8 "Edit section: Other foods and food displays")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinesischer_Duftwein_Flasche.jpg)
[Cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") is the traditional choice for "reunion wine" drunk during Mid-Autumn Festival
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T%C3%B2_he.JPG)
Vietnamese rice figurines, known as *tò he*
Imperial dishes served on this occasion included nine-jointed lotus roots which symbolize peace, and watermelons cut in the shape of lotus petals which symbolize reunion.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) Teacups were placed on stone tables in the garden, where the family would pour [tea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea "Tea") and chat, waiting for the moment when the full moon's reflection appeared in the center of their cups.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26) Owing to the timing of the plant's blossoms, [cassia wine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_wine "Cassia wine") is the traditional choice for the "reunion wine" drunk on the occasion. Also, people will celebrate by eating cassia cakes and candy. In some places, people will celebrate by drinking osmanthus wine and eating osmanthus mooncakes.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-34)
Food offerings made to deities are placed on an altar set up in the courtyard, including apples, pears, peaches, grapes, [pomegranates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomegranate "Pomegranate"), melons, oranges, and [pomelos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo "Pomelo").[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-tom-35) One of the first decorations purchased for the celebration table is a clay statue of the [Jade Rabbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_Rabbit "Jade Rabbit"). In Chinese folklore, the Jade Rabbit was an animal that lived on the Moon and accompanied Chang'e. Offerings of soy beans and cockscomb flowers were made to the Jade Rabbit.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
Nowadays, in southern China, people will also eat some seasonal fruit that may differ in different district but carrying the same meaning of blessing.
### Courtship and matchmaking
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=9 "Edit section: Courtship and matchmaking")\]
The Mid-Autumn moon has traditionally been a choice occasion to celebrate marriages. Girls would pray to Moon deity [Chang'e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang%27e "Chang'e") to help fulfill their romantic wishes.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-roy2-5)
In some parts of China, dances are held for young men and women to find partners. For example, young women are encouraged to throw their handkerchiefs to the crowd, and the young man who catches and returns the handkerchief has a chance at romance.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-xinhua2-1) In [Daguang](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daguang&action=edit&redlink=1 "Daguang (page does not exist)"), in southwest [Guizhou Province](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guizhou_Province "Guizhou Province"), young men and women of the [Dong people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_people "Dong people") would make an appointment at a certain place. The young women would arrive early to overhear remarks made about them by the young men. The young men would praise their lovers in front of their fellows, in which finally the listening women would walk out of the thicket. Pairs of lovers would go off to a quiet place to open their hearts to each other.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
### Games and activities
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=10 "Edit section: Games and activities")\]
During the 1920s and 1930s, ethnographer Chao Wei-pang conducted research on traditional games among men, women and children on or around the Mid-Autumn day in the [Guangdong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong "Guangdong") Province. These games relate to flights of the soul, spirit possession, or fortunetelling.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- One type of activity, "Ascent to Heaven" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 上天堂 *shàng tiāntáng*) involves a young lady selected from a circle of women to "ascend" into the celestial realm. While being enveloped in the smoke of burning incense, she describes the beautiful sights and sounds she encounters.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Another activity, "Descent into the Garden" ([Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_language "Chinese language"): 落花园 *luò huāyuán*), played among younger girls, detailed each girl's visit to the heavenly gardens. According to legend, a flower tree represented her, and the number and color of the flowers indicated the sex and number of children she would have in her lifetime.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Men played a game called "Descent of the [Eight Immortals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Immortals "Eight Immortals")" (*jiangbaxian*), where one of the Eight Immortals took possession of a player, who would then assume the role of a scholar or warrior.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
- Children would play a game called "Encircling the Toad" (*guanxiamo*), where the group would form a circle around a child chosen to be a Toad King and chanted a song that transformed the child into a toad. He would jump around like a toad until water was sprinkled on his head, in which he would then stop.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-stepanchuk-26)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Montreal_JBotanique2_tango7174.jpg)
Mid-Autumn Festival at the Botanical Garden, [Montreal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal "Montreal")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chinese_Mid-Autumn_Festival,_Belfast,_September_2012_\(10\).JPG)
Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival parade, Belfast City Hall, [Belfast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belfast "Belfast"), Northern Ireland
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival_21,_Chinatown,_Singapore,_Sep_06.JPG)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mid-Autumn_Festival1.JPG)
A unique tradition is celebrated quite exclusively in the island city of [Xiamen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiamen "Xiamen"). During the festival, families and friends gather to play [Bo Bing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo_Bing_\(game\) "Bo Bing (game)"), a gambling sort of game involving 6 dice. People take turns in rolling the dice in a ceramic bowl with the results determining what they win. The number 4 is mainly what determines how big the prize is.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-:0-36)
#### Hong Kong and Macau
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=13 "Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:25_Largo_do_Senado,_Macau_-_panoramio.jpg)
Lantern in [Senado Square](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senado_Square "Senado Square"), Macau
In [Hong Kong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong "Hong Kong") and [Macau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau "Macau"), the day after the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday rather than the festival date itself (unless that date falls on a Sunday, then Monday is also a holiday), because many celebration events are held at night. Many businesses let employees off early on the day before. There are a number of festive activities such as lighting lanterns, but [mooncakes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooncakes "Mooncakes") are the most important feature there. However, people don't usually buy mooncakes for themselves, but to give their relatives as presents. People start to exchange these presents well in advance of the festival. Hence, mooncakes are sold in elegant boxes for presentation purpose. Also, the price for these boxes are not considered cheap—a four-mooncake box of the lotus seeds paste with egg yolks variety, can generally cost US\$40 or more.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-37) However, as [environmental protection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_protection "Environmental protection") has become a concern of the public in recent years, many mooncake manufacturers in Hong Kong have adopted practices to reduce [packaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packaging "Packaging") materials to practical limits.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-hkepd-1-38) The mooncake manufacturers also explore in the creation of new types of mooncakes, such as [ice-cream mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice-cream "Ice-cream") and [snow skin mooncake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_skin_mooncake "Snow skin mooncake").
There are also other traditions related to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Hong Kong. Neighbourhoods across Hong Kong set impressive lantern exhibitions with traditional stage shows, game stalls, palm readings, and many other festive activities. The grandest celebrations take place in [Victoria Park (Hong Kong)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Park_\(Hong_Kong\) "Victoria Park (Hong Kong)").[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-39) One of the brightest rituals is the Fire Dragon Dance dating back to the 19th century and recognised as a part of China's intangible cultural heritage.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-HKMemory8thMonth-41) The 200 foot-long fire dragon requires more than 300 people to operate, taking turns. The leader of the fire dragon dance would pray for peace, good fortune through blessings in Hakka. After the ritual ceremony, fire-dragon was thrown into the sea with lanterns and paper cards, which means the dragon would return to sea and take the misfortunes away.[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-HKMemory8thMonth-41)
Before 1941, there were also some celebration of Mid-Autumn Festival held in small villages in Hong Kong. Sha Po would celebrate Mid Autumn Festival in every 15th day of the 8th Chinese lunisolar month.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-42) People called the Mid-Autumn Festival the Kwong Sin Festival. They held Pok San Ngau Tsai at Datong Pond in Sha Po. Pok San Ngau Tsai was a celebration event of the Kwong Sin Festival, and people would gather around to watch it. During the event, someone would play the percussions, and some villagers would then act possessed and call themselves "Maoshan Masters". They burnt themselves with incense sticks and fought with real blades and spears.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\]
#### Ethnic minorities in mainland China
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=14 "Edit section: Ethnic minorities in mainland China")\]
- [Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koreans_in_China "Koreans in China") minorities living in [Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture "Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture") have a custom of welcoming the Moon, where they put up a large conical house frame made of dry pine branches called a "moon house". The moonlight would shine inside for gazers to appreciate.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Bouyei people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouyei_people "Bouyei people") call the occasion "Worshipping Moon Festival", where after praying to ancestors and dining together, they bring rice cakes to the doorway to worship the Moon Grandmother.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Tu people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu_people "Tu people") practice a ceremony called "Beating the Moon", where they place a basin of clear water in the courtyard to reflect an image of the Moon, and then "beat" the water surface with branches.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
- The [Maonan people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maonan_people "Maonan people") tie a bamboo near the table, on which a grapefruit is hung, with three lit incense sticks on it. This is called "Shooting the Moon".[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-minority-li-23)
In [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan"), and its outlying islands [Penghu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghu "Penghu"), [Kinmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinmen "Kinmen"), and [Matsu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsu_Islands "Matsu Islands"), the Mid-Autumn Festival is a public holiday. Outdoor barbecues have become a popular affair for friends and family to gather and enjoy each other's company.[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-43) Children also make and wear hats made of pomelo rinds. It is believed Chang'e, the lady in the moon, will notice children with her favorite fruit and bestow good fortune upon them.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-44)
#### Canada and the United States
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=16 "Edit section: Canada and the United States")\]
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Singer_\(1434033239\).jpg)
Autumn Moon Festival in [San Francisco Chinatown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_San_Francisco "Chinatown, San Francisco"), 2007
As late as 2014, the Mid-Autumn Festival generally went unnoticed in North America outside of Asian supermarkets and food stores,[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-45) but it has gained popularity since then in areas with significant ethnic Chinese overseas populations, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Xinhua-2019-46) Unlike traditions in China, celebrations in the United States are usually limited to daylight hours, and generally conclude by early evening.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-47)
| City | District | Since | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston "Boston") | [Chinatown, Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston "Chinatown, Boston") | | [\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-48) |
| [Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago "Chicago") | [Chinatown, Chicago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Chicago "Chinatown, Chicago") | 2005 | [\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-49) |
| [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles "Los Angeles") | [Chinatown, Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Los_Angeles "Chinatown, Los Angeles") | 1938 | [\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-50) |
| [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City "New York City") | [Chinatown, Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan "Chinatown, Manhattan"), [Flushing, Queens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Queens#Flushing_Chinatown "Chinatowns in Queens"), and [Sunset Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Brooklyn "Chinatowns in Brooklyn") | 2019 | [\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Xinhua-2019-46)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-51) |
| [Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia "Philadelphia") | [Chinatown, Philadelphia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_Philadelphia "Chinatown, Philadelphia") | 1995 | [\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Philadelphia-52) |
| [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco "San Francisco") | [Chinatown, San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_San_Francisco "Chinatown, San Francisco") | 1991 | [\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-53) |
| [Toronto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto "Toronto") | [Cadillac Fairview](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadillac_Fairview "Cadillac Fairview") shopping areas | | [\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-55) |
| [Vancouver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver "Vancouver") | [Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Sun_Yat-Sen_Classical_Chinese_Garden "Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden") | | [\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Vancouver-56) |
## Similar holidays in other cultures
\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mid-Autumn_Festival&action=edit§ion=17 "Edit section: Similar holidays in other cultures")\]
Similar harvest holidays are found in other parts of Asia and also revolve around the full moon. These festivals tend to occur on the same day or around the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The Japanese moon viewing festival, *o-[tsukimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsukimi "Tsukimi")* (お月見, "moon viewing"), is also held at this time. People picnic and drink sake under the full moon to celebrate the harvest.
*Chuseok* ([Korean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language "Korean language"): 추석; [Hanja](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja "Hanja"): 秋夕; \[tɕʰu.sʌk̚\]), literally "Autumn eve", once known as hangawi (한가위; \[han.ɡa.ɥi\]; from archaic Korean for "the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major harvest festival and a three-day holiday in North Korea and South Korea celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar on the full moon. It was celebrated as far back as during the Three Kingdoms period in Silla. As a celebration of the good harvest, Koreans visit their ancestral hometowns, honor their ancestors in a family ceremony (차례), and share a feast of Korean traditional food such as *[songpyeon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songpyeon "Songpyeon")* (송편), *tohrangook* (토란국), and rice wines such as *sindoju* and *dongdongju*.[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-57)
Many festivals revolving around a full moon are also celebrated in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Like the Mid-Autumn Festival, these festivals have Buddhist origins and revolve around the full moon. However, unlike their East Asian counterparts they occur several times a year to correspond with each full moon as opposed to one day each year. The festivals that occur in the lunar months of *[Ashvini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvini "Ashvini")* and *[Kṛttikā](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%B9%9Bttik%C4%81 "Kṛttikā")* generally occur during the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-58)[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-59)
In [Cambodia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia "Cambodia"), it is more commonly called "The Water and Moon Festival" [Bon Om Touk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bon_Om_Touk "Bon Om Touk").[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-60) The Water and Moon festival is celebrated in November of every year. It is a three-day celebration, starting with the boat race that last the first two days of the festival. The boat races are colorfully painted with bright colors and is in various designs being most popular the neak, Cambodian sea dragon. Hundreds of Cambodian males take part in rowing the boats and racing them at the Tonle Sap River. When night falls the streets are filled with people buying food and attending various concerts.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-61) In the evening is the Sampeah Preah Khae: the salutation to the moon or prayers to the moon.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-62) The Cambodian people set an array of offerings that are popular for rabbits, such and various fruits and a traditional dish called Ak Ambok in front of their homes with lit incenses to make wishes to the Moon.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-63) Cambodians believe the legend of The Rabbit and the Moon, and that a rabbit who lives on the Moon watches over the Cambodian people. At midnight everyone goes up to the temple to pray and make wishes and enjoy their Ak Ambok together. Cambodians would also make homemade lanterns that are usually made into the shape of the lotus flowers or other more modern designs. Incense and candles light up the lanterns and Cambodians make prayers and then send if off into the river for their wishes and prayers to be heard and granted.[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-64)[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-66)
In Laos, many festivals are held on the day of the full moon. The most popular festival known as *[That Luang Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That_Luang_Festival "That Luang Festival")* is associated with Buddhist legend and is held at Pha That Luang temple in [Vientiane](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vientiane "Vientiane"). The festival often lasts for three to seven days. A procession occurs and many people visit the temple.[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-67)
In Myanmar, numerous festivals are held on the day of the full moon. However, the [Thadingyut Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thadingyut_Festival "Thadingyut Festival") is the most popular one and occurs in the month of Thadingyut. It also occurs around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival, depending on the lunar calendar. It is one of the biggest festivals in Myanmar after the New Year festival, *[Thingyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thingyan "Thingyan")*. It is a Buddhist festival and many people go to the temple to pay respect to the monks and offer food.[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-68) It is also a time for thanksgiving and paying homage to Buddhist monks, teachers, parents and elders.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-69)
The mid-Autumn festival, known as *Bulan Lapan* by [Peranakan Chinese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakan_Chinese "Peranakan Chinese"),[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-70) is informally observed,[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-71) but is not a government or public holiday.[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-72)
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Den_ong_sao.JPG)
Vietnamese children celebrating the Tết Trung Thu with traditional 5-pointed star-shaped lantern
In Vietnam, children participate in parades in the dark under the full moon with lanterns of various forms, shapes, and colors. Traditionally, lanterns signified the wish for the Sun's light and warmth to return after winter.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cohen-73) In addition to carrying lanterns, the children also don masks. Elaborate masks were made of [papier-mâché](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9 "Papier-mâché"), though it is more common to find masks made of plastic nowadays.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Handcrafted shadow lanterns were an important part of Mid-Autumn displays since the 12th-century [Lý dynasty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BD_dynasty "Lý dynasty"), often of historical figures from Vietnamese history.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Handcrafted lantern-making declined in modern times due to the availability of mass-produced plastic lanterns, which often depict internationally recognizable characters from children's shows and video games.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is known as *Tết Trung Thu* ([Chữ Nôm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m "Chữ Nôm"): 節中秋) in Vietnamese. It is also commonly referred to as the "Children's Festival".[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16) The Vietnamese traditionally believed that children, being the most innocent, had the closest connection to the sacred, pure and natural beauty of the world. The celebration of the children's spirit was seen as a way to connect to that world still full of wonder, mystery, teachings, joy, and sadness. [Animist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism "Animism") spirits, deities and Vietnamese folk religions are also observed during the festival.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cohen-73)
In its most traditional form, the evening commemorates the dragon who brings rain for the crops.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Celebrants would observe the moon to divine the future of the people and the harvests. Eventually the celebration came to symbolize a reverence for fruitfulness, with prayers given for bountiful harvests, increase in livestock, and fertility. Over time, the prayers *for* children evolved into the celebration *of* children.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Historical Confucian scholars continued the tradition of gazing at the Moon, but to sip wine and improvise poetry and song.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) However, by the early twentieth century in Hanoi, the festival had begun to assume its identity as the quintessential children's festival.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
Aside from the story of Chang'e (Vietnamese: Hằng Nga), there are two other popular folktales associated with the festival. The first describes the legend of *Cuội*, whose wife accidentally urinated on a sacred [banyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyan "Banyan") tree. The tree began to float towards the Moon, and Cuội, trying to pull it back down to Earth, floated to the Moon with it, leaving him stranded there. Every year, during the Mid-Autumn Festival, children light lanterns and participate in a procession to show Cuội the way back to Earth.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-tet-75) The other tale involves a carp who wanted to become a dragon, and as a result, worked hard throughout the year until he was able to transform himself into a dragon.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-lee-16)
One important event before and during the festival are [lion dances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion_dance "Lion dance"). Dances are performed by both non-professional children's groups and trained professional groups. Lion dance groups perform on the streets, going to houses asking for permission to perform for them. If the host consents, the "lion" will come in and start dancing as a blessing of luck and fortune for the home. In return, the host gives [lucky money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_money "Lucky money") to show their gratitude.\[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")*\] Cakes and fruits are not only consumed, but elaborately prepared as food displays. For example, glutinous rice flour and rice paste are molded into familiar animals. Pomelo sections can be fashioned into unicorns, rabbits, or dogs.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Villagers of [Xuân La](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xu%C3%A2n_La,_T%C3%A2y_H%E1%BB%93 "Xuân La, Tây Hồ"), just north of [Hanoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi "Hanoi"), produce *tò he*, figurines made from rice paste and colored with natural food dyes.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74) Into the early decades of the twentieth century of Vietnam, daughters of wealthy families would prepare elaborate center pieces filled with treats for their younger siblings. Well-dressed visitors could visit to observe the daughter's handiwork as an indication of her capabilities as a wife in the future. Eventually the practice of arranging centerpieces became a tradition not just limited to wealthy families.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
Into the early decades of the twentieth century Vietnam, young men and women used the festival as a chance to meet future life companions. Groups would assemble in a courtyard and exchange verses of song while gazing at the Moon. Those who performed poorly were sidelined until one young man and one young woman remained, after which they would win prizes as well as entertain matrimonial prospects.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-vietnam-nguyen-74)
Main article: [Onam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onam "Onam")
Onam is an annual Harvest festival in the state of Kerala in India.[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-77) It falls on the 22nd nakshatra Thiruvonam in the Malayalam calendar month of Chingam, which in Gregorian calendar overlaps with August–September.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-78)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76) According to legends, the festival is celebrated to commemorate King Mahabali, whose spirit is said to visit Kerala at the time of Onam.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-79)[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Lukose2009-80)
Onam is a major annual event for Malayali people in and outside Kerala.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-S'pore-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-traditional_flair-82)[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-in_the_UAE-83) It is a harvest festival, one of three major annual Hindu celebrations along with Vishu and Thiruvathira, and it is observed with numerous festivities. Onam celebrations include Vallam Kali (boat races), Pulikali (tiger dances), Pookkalam (flower Rangoli), Onathappan (worship), Onam Kali, Tug of War, Thumbi Thullal (women's dance), Kummattikali (mask dance), Onathallu (martial arts), Onavillu (music), Kazhchakkula (plantain offerings), Onapottan (costumes), Atthachamayam (folk songs and dance), and other celebrations.
Onam is the official state festival of Kerala[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-cush574-76)[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-84) with public holidays that start four days from Uthradom (Onam eve). Major festivities take place across 30 venues in Thiruvananthapuram, capital of Kerala. It is also celebrated by Malayali diaspora around the world. Though a Hindu festival, non-Hindu communities of Kerala participate in Onam celebrations considering it as a cultural festival.
[Sharad Purnima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharad_Purnima "Sharad Purnima") is a harvest festival celebrated on the full moon day of the Hindu lunar month of [Ashvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashvin "Ashvin") (September–October), marking the end of the monsoon season.
Main article: [Poya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poya "Poya")
In Sri Lanka, a full moon day is known as *Poya* and each full moon day is a public holiday. Shops and businesses are closed on these days as people prepare for the full moon.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Mid-Autumn_Festival_celebrations-85)\[*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources "Wikipedia:Verifiability")*\] Exteriors of buildings are adorned with lanterns and people often make food and go to the temple to listen to sermons.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-Mid-Autumn_Festival_in_Asia-86) The *Binara Full Moon Poya Day* and *Vap Full Moon Poya Day* occur around the time of the Mid-Autumn Festival and like other Buddhist Asian countries, the festivals celebrate the ascendance and culmination of the Buddha's visit to heaven and for the latter, the acknowledgement of the cultivation season known as "Maha".[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-87)[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-88)[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-89)
The Jewish harvest festival of Sukkot is a cognate celebration. It begins on a full moon, on the fifteenth day of the lunar month [Tishrei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishrei "Tishrei"), which is the seventh month of the [Hebrew calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_calendar "Hebrew calendar"). Because of similarities between this calendar and the Chinese calendar, this often coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-90) Sukkot is also known in the Torah as "Festival of Ingathering" ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): חַג הָאָסִיף, [romanized](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew "Romanization of Hebrew"):*ḥag hāʾāsif*),[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-com-91) similar to the element of gathering in the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. This "gathering" refers both to the end of harvest and to the gathering of people into the [Sukkah](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukkah "Sukkah").
The Mid-Autumn Festival is held on the 15th day of the eighth month in the [Han calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_calendar "Chinese calendar")—essentially the night of a [full moon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_moon "Full moon")—which falls near the Autumnal Equinox (on a day between 7 September and 8 October in the [Gregorian calendar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar "Gregorian calendar")). It will occur on these days in coming years:[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_note-92)
- 2026: Friday 25 September
- 2027: Wednesday 15 September
- 2028: Tuesday 3 October
- 2029: Saturday 22 September
- 2030: Thursday 12 September
- [Agriculture in China](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_China "Agriculture in China")
- [Agriculture in Vietnam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam "Agriculture in Vietnam")
- [Chinese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_holidays "Traditional Chinese holidays")
- [Dragon Boat Festival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival "Dragon Boat Festival") – Chinese holiday
- [Joss paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joss_paper "Joss paper") – Sheets of paper made into burnt offerings in Chinese culture
- [List of harvest festivals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals "List of harvest festivals")
- [Vietnamese holidays](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_holidays "Vietnamese holidays")
1. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-3) [***e***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-4) [***f***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-xinhua2_1-5)
Yang, Fang (12 September 2011). ["Mid-Autumn Festival and its traditions"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120413010432/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2011-09/12/c_131134150.htm). [Xinhuanet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhuanet "Xinhuanet"). Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/culture/2011-09/12/c_131134150.htm) on 13 April 2012.
2. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-2)**
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Chng, Pinky; Tan, William (19 September 2020). ["Mooncakes, lanterns and legends: Your guide to the Mid-Autumn Festival in Singapore"](https://www.asiaone.com/lifestyle/mooncakes-lanterns-and-legends-your-guide-mid-autumn-festival-singapore). [AsiaOne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AsiaOne "AsiaOne"). Retrieved 16 October 2024.
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5. ^ [***a***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-roy2_5-0) [***b***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-roy2_5-1) [***c***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-roy2_5-2) [***d***](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-roy2_5-3)
Roy, Christian (2005). [*Traditional Festivals: A Multicultural Encyclopedia, Volume 1*](https://books.google.com/books?id=IKqOUfqt4cIC&pg=PA282). ABC-CLIO. pp. 282–286\. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)")
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6. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-6)**
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[中秋传说故事四：嫦娥奔月](http://guoqing.china.com.cn/2023-09/20/content_116698284.htm)
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10. **[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Festival#cite_ref-10)**
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["中華民國一百一十五年政府行政機關辦公日曆表 行政院人事行政總處全球資訊網-DGPA--辦公日曆表"](https://www.dgpa.gov.tw/information?uid=41&pid=12573). *www.dgpa.gov.tw*. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
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["2026"](https://www.gov.mo/en/public-holidays/year-2026/). *Macao SAR Government Portal*. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
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["Chuseok"](https://asia.si.edu/whats-on/events/celebrations/chuseok/). *Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art*.
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Siu, K. W. Michael (1999). "Lanterns of the mid-Autumn Festival: A Reflection of Hong Kong Cultural Change". *The Journal of Popular Culture*. **33** (2): 67–86\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10\.1111/j.0022-3840.1999.3302\_67.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.0022-3840.1999.3302_67.x).
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`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service"))
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- [San Francisco Chinatown Autumn Moon Festival](http://www.moonfestival.org/)
- [Moon Viewing Festival](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-X371xoBUdA) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)") at [Sumiyoshi-taisha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumiyoshi-taisha "Sumiyoshi-taisha"), Osaka, Japan
- [Brief video about the history and traditions of Mid-Autumn Festival](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFK3WPtj46c) on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_\(identifier\) "YouTube video (identifier)")
- [Origin and Development of the Mid-Autumn Festival](https://www.chinaeducationaltours.com/guide/mid-autumn-festival.htm) |
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