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| Boilerpipe Text | "Facebook, Inc." redirects here. For the social media service, see
Facebook
.
Meta Platforms, Inc.
Headquarters in
Menlo Park, California
Trade name
Meta
Formerly
TheFacebook, Inc. (2004–2005)
Facebook, Inc. (2005–2021)
Company type
Public
Traded as
Nasdaq
:
META
(Class A)
Nasdaq-100
component
S&P 100
component
S&P 500
component
Industry
Social media
Advertising
Founded
February 4, 2004
; 22 years ago
in
Cambridge, Massachusetts
, U.S.
Founders
Mark Zuckerberg
Eduardo Saverin
Andrew McCollum
Dustin Moskovitz
Chris Hughes
Headquarters
Menlo Park, California
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Mark Zuckerberg (
chairman
and
CEO
)
Dina Powell
(vice chair and
president
)
Javier Oliván
(
COO
)
Andrew Bosworth
(
CTO
)
Products
Facebook
Instagram
Messenger
Threads
WhatsApp
Revenue
US$
201 billion
(2025)
Operating income
US$83.3 billion
(2025)
Net income
US$60.5 billion
(2025)
Total assets
US$366 billion
(2025)
Total equity
US$217 billion
(2025)
Owner
Mark Zuckerberg (13.68% equity; 61.2% voting)
[
1
]
Number of employees
78,865 (2025)
Divisions
Reality Labs
Mapillary
Superintelligence Labs
ASN
32934
Website
meta.com
Footnotes / references
[
2
]
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
[
7
]
[
8
]
Meta Platforms, Inc.
(
doing business as
Meta
) is an American
multinational
technology company
headquartered in
Menlo Park, California
. Meta owns and operates several prominent
social media
platforms and communication services, including
Facebook
,
Instagram
,
WhatsApp
,
Messenger
,
Threads
,
Manus
and
Moltbook
. The company also operates an
advertising network
for its own sites and third parties; as of 2023
, advertising accounted for 97.8 percent of its total
revenue
.
[
9
]
Meta has been described as a part of
Big Tech
, which refers to the largest six tech companies in the United States,
Alphabet
(
Google
),
Amazon
,
Apple
, Meta (
Facebook
),
Microsoft
, and
Nvidia
, which are also the
largest companies in the world
by
market capitalization
.
[
10
]
[
11
]
[
12
]
The company was originally established in 2004 as
TheFacebook, Inc.
,
[
13
]
and was renamed
Facebook, Inc.
in 2005.
[
14
]
In 2021, it rebranded as Meta Platforms, Inc. to reflect a strategic shift toward developing the
metaverse
—an interconnected
digital ecosystem
spanning
virtual
and
augmented reality
technologies.
[
15
]
[
16
]
[
17
]
[
18
]
In 2023, Meta was ranked 31st on the
Forbes
Global 2000
list of the world's largest
public companies
.
[
19
]
As of 2022, it was the world's third-largest spender on
research and development
, with R&D expenses totaling US$35.3 billion.
[
20
]
History
Billboard on the
Thomson Reuters building
welcomes Facebook to
Nasdaq
in 2012.
Early chart of Facebook's stock
Facebook corporate logo from 2019 to 2021
Facebook filed for an
initial public offering
(IPO) on January 1, 2012.
[
21
]
The preliminary prospectus stated that the company sought to raise $5 billion, had 845 million monthly active users, and a website accruing 2.7 billion likes and comments daily.
[
22
]
After the IPO,
Zuckerberg
would retain 22% of the total shares and 57% of the total voting power in Facebook.
[
23
]
Underwriters
valued the shares at $38 each, valuing the company at $104 billion, the largest valuation yet for a newly public company.
[
24
]
On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.
[
25
]
The IPO raised $16 billion, making it the third-largest in US history (slightly ahead of
AT&T Mobility
and behind only
General Motors
and
Visa
). The stock price left the company with a higher
market capitalization
than all but a few U.S. corporations—surpassing heavyweights such as
Amazon
,
McDonald's
,
Disney
, and
Kraft Foods
—and made Zuckerberg's stock worth $19 billion.
[
26
]
[
27
]
The New York Times
stated that the offering overcame questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a "must-own stock".
Jimmy Lee
of
JPMorgan Chase
described it as "the next great
blue-chip
".
[
26
]
Writers at
TechCrunch
, on the other hand, expressed skepticism, stating, "That's a big multiple to live up to, and Facebook will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation."
[
28
]
Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the
Nasdaq
exchange.
[
29
]
The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.
[
30
]
At the closing bell, shares were valued at $38.23,
[
31
]
only $0.23 above the IPO price and down $3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.
[
32
]
The stock set a new record for trading volume of an IPO.
[
33
]
On May 25, 2012, the stock ended its first full week of trading at $31.91, a 16.5% decline.
[
34
]
On May 22, 2012, regulators from
Wall Street
's
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients rather than the general public.
Massachusetts
Secretary of State
William F. Galvin
subpoenaed
Morgan Stanley
over the same issue.
[
35
]
The allegations sparked "fury" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a
class action
suit claiming more than $2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.
[
36
]
Bloomberg
estimated that
retail investors
may have lost approximately $630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.
[
37
]
S&P Global Ratings
added Facebook to its
S&P 500
index on December 21, 2013.
[
38
]
On May 2, 2014, Zuckerberg announced that the company would be changing its internal motto from "Move fast and break things" to "Move fast with stable infrastructure".
[
39
]
[
40
]
The earlier motto had been described as Zuckerberg's "prime directive to his developers and team" in a 2009 interview in
Business Insider
, in which he also said, "Unless you are breaking stuff, you are not moving fast enough."
[
41
]
In November 2016, Facebook announced the
Microsoft Windows
client of gaming service
Facebook Gameroom
, formerly
Facebook Games Arcade
, at the
Unity Technologies
developers conference.
[
42
]
[
43
]
The client allows Facebook users to play "native" games in addition to its web games. The service was closed in June 2021.
[
44
]
2018–2020: Focus on the metaverse
Lasso
was a short-video sharing app from Facebook similar to
TikTok
that was launched on
iOS
and
Android
in 2018 and was aimed at teenagers. On July 2, 2020, Facebook announced that Lasso would be shutting down on July 10.
[
45
]
[
46
]
[
47
]
In 2018, the
Oculus
lead
Jason Rubin
sent his 50-page vision document titled "The Metaverse" to Facebook's leadership. In the document, Rubin acknowledged that Facebook's
virtual reality
business had not caught on as expected, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars spent on content for early adopters. He also urged the company to execute fast and invest heavily in the vision, to shut out
HTC
,
Apple
,
Google
and other competitors in the
VR space
. Regarding other players' participation in the metaverse vision, he called for the company to build the "
metaverse
" to prevent their competitors from "being in the VR business in a meaningful way at all".
[
48
]
In May 2019, Facebook founded
Libra Networks
, reportedly to develop their own
stablecoin
cryptocurrency
.
[
49
]
Later, it was reported that Libra was being supported by financial companies such as
Visa
,
Mastercard
,
PayPal
and
Uber
. The consortium of companies was expected to pool in $10 million each to fund the launch of the
cryptocurrency coin
named Libra.
[
50
]
Depending on when it would receive approval from the
Swiss Financial Market Supervisory
authority to operate as a payments service, the Libra Association had planned to launch a limited format cryptocurrency in 2021.
[
51
]
Libra was renamed Diem, before being shut down and sold in January 2022 after backlash from
Swiss government regulators
and the public.
[
52
]
[
53
]
During the
COVID-19 pandemic
, the use of online services, including Facebook, grew globally.
[
54
]
Zuckerberg
predicted this would be a "permanent acceleration" that would continue after the pandemic. Facebook hired aggressively, growing from 48,268 employees in March 2020 to more than 87,000 by September 2022.
[
54
]
2021: Rebrand as Meta
Following a period of intense scrutiny and damaging
whistleblower leaks
, news started to emerge on October 21, 2021 about Facebook's plan to
rebrand
the company and change its name.
[
15
]
[
55
]
In the Q3 2021 earnings call on October 25, Mark Zuckerberg discussed the ongoing criticism of the company's social services and the way it operates, and pointed to the pivoting efforts to building the
metaverse
– without mentioning the rebranding and the name change.
[
56
]
The metaverse vision and the name change from Facebook, Inc. to Meta Platforms was introduced at Facebook Connect on October 28, 2021.
[
16
]
Based on Facebook's PR campaign, the name change reflects the company's shifting long term focus of building the metaverse, a digital extension of the physical world by
social media
, virtual reality and augmented reality features.
[
16
]
[
57
]
"Meta" had been
registered
as a
trademark
in the United States in 2018 (after an initial filing in 2015) for marketing, advertising, and computer services, by
a Canadian company
that provided
big data
analysis of
scientific literature
.
[
58
]
This company was acquired in 2017 by the
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative
(CZI), a foundation established by Zuckerberg and his wife,
Priscilla Chan
, and became one of their projects.
[
59
]
Following the rebranding announcement, CZI announced that it had already decided to deprioritize the earlier Meta project, thus it would be transferring its rights to the name to Meta Platforms, and the previous project would end in 2022.
[
60
]
2022: Declining profits and mass lay-offs
Soon after the rebranding, in early February 2022, Meta reported a greater-than-expected decline in profits in the fourth quarter of 2021.
[
61
]
It reported no growth in monthly users,
[
62
]
and indicated it expected revenue growth to stall.
[
61
]
It also expected measures taken by
Apple Inc.
to protect user privacy to cost it some $10 billion in advertisement revenue, an amount equal to roughly 8% of its revenue for 2021.
[
63
]
In meeting with Meta staff the day after earnings were reported, Zuckerberg blamed competition for user attention, particularly from video-based apps such as
TikTok
.
[
64
]
The 27% reduction in the company's share price which occurred in reaction to the news eliminated some $230 billion of value from Meta's
market capitalization
.
[
62
]
Bloomberg
described the decline as "an epic rout that, in its sheer scale, is unlike anything Wall Street or Silicon Valley has ever seen".
[
62
]
Zuckerberg's net worth fell by as much as $31 billion.
[
65
]
Zuckerberg owns 13% of Meta, and the holding makes up the bulk of his wealth.
[
66
]
[
67
]
According to published reports by
Bloomberg
on March 30, 2022, Meta turned over data such as phone numbers, physical addresses, and
IP addresses
to hackers posing as law enforcement officials using forged documents. The law enforcement requests sometimes included
forged signatures
of real or fictional officials. When asked about the allegations, a Meta representative said, "We review every data request for legal sufficiency and use advanced systems and processes to validate law enforcement requests and detect abuse."
[
68
]
In June 2022,
Sheryl Sandberg
, the chief operating officer of 14 years, announced she would step down that year. Zuckerberg said that
Javier Olivan
would replace Sandberg, though in a “more traditional” role.
[
69
]
In March 2022, Meta (except Meta-owned
WhatsApp
) and
Instagram
were banned in Russia and added to the
Russian list of terrorist and extremist organizations
for alleged
Russophobia
and
hate speech
(up to
genocidal
calls) amid the ongoing
Russian invasion of Ukraine
.
[
70
]
Meta appealed against the ban, but it was upheld by a
Moscow
court in June of the same year.
[
70
]
Also in March 2022, Meta and Italian eyewear giant
Luxottica
released
Ray-Ban Stories
, a series of
smartglasses
which could play music and take pictures. Meta and Luxottica parent company
EssilorLuxottica
declined to disclose sales on the line of products as of September 2022, though Meta has expressed satisfaction with its customer feedback.
[
71
]
[
72
]
[
73
]
In July 2022, Meta saw its first year-on-year revenue decline when its total revenue slipped by 1% to $28.8bn.
[
74
]
Analysts and journalists accredited the loss to its advertising business, which has been limited by Apple's
app tracking transparency
feature and the number of people who have opted not to be tracked by Meta apps. Zuckerberg also accredited the decline to increasing competition from TikTok.
[
75
]
[
76
]
[
77
]
On October 27, 2022, Meta's market value dropped to $268 billion, a loss of around $700 billion compared to 2021, and its shares fell by 24%. It lost its spot among the top 20 US companies by market cap, despite reaching the top 5 in the previous year.
[
78
]
In November 2022, Meta laid off 11,000 employees, 13% of its workforce. Zuckerberg said the decision to aggressively increase Meta's investments had been a mistake, as he had wrongly predicted that the surge in e-commerce would last beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. He also attributed the decline to increased competition, a global economic downturn and "ads signal loss".
[
79
]
Plans to lay off a further 10,000 employees began in April 2023.
[
80
]
The layoffs were part of a general downturn in the technology industry, alongside layoffs by companies including
Google
,
Amazon
,
Tesla
,
Snap
,
Twitter
and
Lyft
.
[
81
]
[
82
]
Starting from 2022, Meta scrambled to catch up to other tech companies in adopting specialized artificial intelligence hardware and software. It had been using less expensive
CPUs
instead of
GPUs
for AI work, but that approach turned out to be less efficient.
[
83
]
The company gifted the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research $1.3 million to finance the Social Media Archive's aim to make their data available to social science research.
[
84
]
2023: Threads, AI and all-time high stock value
In 2023, Ireland's
Data Protection Commissioner
imposed a record EUR 1.2 billion fine on Meta for transferring data from Europe to the United States without adequate protections for EU citizens.
[
85
]
: 250
In March 2023, Meta announced a new round of layoffs that would cut 10,000 employees and close 5,000 open positions to make the company more efficient.
[
86
]
Meta revenue surpassed analyst expectations for the first quarter of 2023 after announcing that it was increasing its focus on AI.
[
87
]
On July 6, Meta launched a new app,
Threads
, a competitor to Twitter.
[
88
]
Meta announced its artificial intelligence model
Llama
2 in July 2023, available for commercial use via partnerships with major cloud providers like Microsoft. It was the first project to be unveiled out of Meta's generative AI group after it was set up in February. It would not charge access or usage but instead operate with an open-source model to allow Meta to ascertain what improvements need to be made. Prior to this announcement, Meta said it had no plans to release Llama 2 for commercial use. An earlier version of Llama was released to academics.
[
89
]
[
90
]
In August 2023, Meta announced its permanent removal of news content from Facebook and Instagram in Canada due to the
Online News Act
, which requires Canadian news outlets to be compensated for content shared on its platform. The Online News Act was in effect by year-end, but Meta will not participate in the regulatory process.
[
91
]
In October 2023, Zuckerberg said that AI would be Meta's biggest investment area in 2024.
[
92
]
Meta finished 2023 as one of the best-performing technology stocks of the year, with its share price up 150 percent.
[
93
]
Its stock reached an all-time high in January 2024, bringing Meta within 2% of achieving $1 trillion market capitalization.
[
94
]
In November 2023 Meta Platforms launched an ad-free service in
Europe
, allowing subscribers to opt-out of
personal data
being collected for targeted advertising. A group of 28 European organizations, including Max Schrems' advocacy group
NOYB
, the
Irish Council for Civil Liberties
,
Wikimedia
Europe, and the
Electronic Privacy Information Center
, signed a 2024 letter to the
European Data Protection Board
(EDPB) expressing concern that this subscriber model would undermine privacy protections, specifically
GDPR
data protection standards.
[
95
]
Meta removed the Facebook and Instagram accounts of Iran's Supreme Leader
Ali Khamenei
in February 2024, citing repeated violations of its Dangerous Organizations & Individuals policy.
[
96
]
As of March, Meta was under investigation by the FDA for alleged use of their social media platforms to sell illegal drugs.
[
97
]
On 16 May 2024, the
European Commission
began an investigation into Meta over concerns related to child safety.
[
98
]
[
99
]
[
100
]
[
101
]
In May 2023, Iraqi social media influencer Esaa Ahmed-Adnan encountered a troubling issue when Instagram removed his posts, citing false copyright violations despite his content being original and free from copyrighted material. He discovered that extortionists were behind these takedowns, offering to restore his content for $3,000 or provide ongoing protection for $1,000 per month. This scam, exploiting Meta’s rights management tools, became widespread in the Middle East, revealing a gap in Meta’s enforcement in developing regions. An Iraqi nonprofit Tech4Peace’s founder, Aws al-Saadi helped Ahmed-Adnan and others, but the restoration process was slow, leading to significant financial losses for many victims, including prominent figures like
Ammar al-Hakim
. This situation highlighted Meta’s challenges in balancing global growth with effective content moderation and protection.
[
102
]
2024: Developments and controversies
On 16 September 2024, Meta announced it had banned Russian state media outlets from its platforms worldwide due to concerns about "foreign interference activity." This decision followed allegations that
RT
and its employees funneled $10 million through shell companies to secretly fund influence campaigns on various social media channels. Meta's actions were part of a broader effort to counter Russian covert influence operations, which had intensified since the invasion.
[
103
]
At its 2024 Connect conference, Meta presented Orion,
[
104
]
its first pair of
augmented reality
glasses. Though Orion was originally intended to be sold to consumers, the manufacturing process turned out to be too complex and expensive.
[
105
]
Instead, the company pivoted to producing a small number of the glasses to be used internally.
[
106
]
On 4 October 2024, Meta announced about its new AI model called Movie Gen, capable of generating realistic video and audio clips based on user prompts. Meta stated it would not release Movie Gen for open development, preferring to collaborate directly with content creators and integrate it into its products by the following year. The model was built using a combination of licensed and publicly available datasets.
[
107
]
On October 31, 2024,
ProPublica
published an investigation into deceptive political advertisement scams that sometimes use hundreds of hijacked profiles and facebook pages run by organized networks of scammers. The authors cited spotty enforcement by Meta as a major reason for the extent of the issue.
[
108
]
In November 2024, TechCrunch reported that Meta were considering building a $10bn global underwater cable spanning 25,000 miles.
[
109
]
In the same month, Meta closed down 2 million accounts on Facebook and Instagram that were linked to scam centers in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines, and the United Arab Emirates doing
pig butchering scams
.
[
110
]
In December 2024, Meta announced that, beginning February 2025, they would require advertisers to run ads about financial services in Australia to verify information about who are the beneficiary and the payer in a bid to regulate scams.
[
111
]
On December 4, 2024, Meta announced it will invest US$10 billion for its largest AI data center in northeast Louisiana, powered by natural gas facilities.
[
112
]
On the 11th of that month, Meta experienced a global outage, impacting accounts on all of their social media and messaging applications. Outage reports from
DownDetector
reached 70,000+ and 100,000+ within minutes for Instagram and Facebook, respectively.
[
113
]
2025: Policy shifts and AI investments
In January 2025, Meta announced plans to roll back its
diversity, equity, and inclusion
(DEI) initiatives, citing shifts in the "legal and policy landscape" in the United States following
the 2024 presidential election
. The decision followed reports that CEO Mark Zuckerberg sought to align the company more closely with the
incoming Trump administration
, including changes to content moderation policies and executive leadership.
[
114
]
The new content moderation policies continued to bar insults about a person's intellect or mental illness, but made an exception to allow calling
LGBTQ
people mentally ill because they are gay or
transgender
.
[
115
]
Later that month, Meta agreed to pay $25 million to settle a 2021 lawsuit brought by
Donald Trump
for suspending his social media accounts after the
January 6 riots
.
[
116
]
Changes to Meta's moderation policies were controversial among its oversight board, with a significant divide in opinion between the board's US conservatives and its global members.
[
117
]
In June 2025, Meta Platforms Inc. has decided to make a multibillion-dollar investment into artificial intelligence startup
Scale AI
. The financing could exceed $10 billion in value which would make it one of the largest private company funding events of all time.
[
118
]
In October 2025, it was announced that Meta would be laying off 600 employees in the artificial intelligence unit to perform better and simpler. They referred to their AI unit as "bloated" and are seeking to trim down the department. This mass layoff is going to impact Meta’s AI infrastructure units, Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Research unit (FAIR) and other product-related positions.
[
119
]
In late 2025, Meta said that it would start remove images and videos containing nudity or explicit sexual activity, including when generated by AI for teen users on
Instagram
.
[
120
]
2026: Investments in AI
In February 2026, Meta announced a long-term partnership with Nvidia.
[
121
]
According to an analysis by
Bridgewater Associates
, Meta, along with Amazon, Alphabet and Microsoft are expected to collectively invest about $650 billion to scale up AI-related infrastructure in 2026.
[
122
]
As of March 2026, Meta is currently facing investigations in the United Kingdom and the United States related to its AI-enabled smart glasses. Regulators are examining how images and videos captured by the devices may be used in the development and improvement of artificial intelligence systems.
[
123
]
In March 2026, Meta agreed to allow AI rivals on WhatsApp for a year, in a bid to prevent a possible temporary order from EU antitrust regulators after complaints from competitors who were blocked from WhatsApp.
[
124
]
In March 2026, Meta signed an energy pledge at the White House which required it to bear the cost of new electricity generation to power their data centers.
[
125
]
In March 2026, Meta acquired
Moltbook
a social network for AI bots, where AI agents interact with one another autonomously.
[
126
]
On 11 March 2026, Meta revealed a roadmap of four new chips that it is making in-house. The new chips are part of the company's Meta Training and Inference Accelerator program.
[
127
]
On March 31, 2026, Meta unveiled two new Ray-Ban smart glasses designed for prescription lenses, expanding its lineup of AI-enabled wearable devices.
[
128
]
Mergers and acquisitions
Meta has acquired multiple companies (often identified as
talent acquisitions
).
[
129
]
One of its first major acquisitions was in April 2012, when it acquired
Instagram
for approximately US$1 billion in cash and stock.
[
130
]
In October 2013, Facebook, Inc. acquired
Onavo
, an Israeli
mobile web analytics
company.
[
131
]
[
132
]
In February 2014, Facebook, Inc. announced it would buy mobile messaging company
WhatsApp
for US$19 billion in cash and stock.
[
133
]
[
134
]
The acquisition was completed on October 6.
[
135
]
Later that year, Facebook bought
Oculus VR
for $2.3 billion in cash and stock,
[
136
]
which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016. In late November 2019, Facebook, Inc. announced the acquisition of the game developer Beat Games, responsible for developing one of that year's most popular VR games,
Beat Saber
.
[
137
]
In Late 2022, after Facebook Inc rebranded to Meta Platforms Inc, Oculus was rebranded to Meta Quest.
In May 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced it had acquired
Giphy
for a reported cash price of $400 million. It will be integrated with the Instagram team.
[
138
]
However, in August 2021, UK's
Competition and Markets Authority
(CMA) stated that Facebook, Inc. might have to sell Giphy, after an investigation found that the deal between the two companies would harm competition in display advertising market.
[
139
]
Facebook, Inc. was fined $70 million by CMA for deliberately failing to report all information regarding the acquisition and the ongoing
antitrust
investigation.
[
140
]
In October 2022, the CMA ruled for a second time that Meta be required to divest Giphy, stating that Meta already controls half of the advertising in the UK. Meta agreed to the sale, though it stated that it disagrees with the decision itself.
[
141
]
In May 2023, Giphy was divested to
Shutterstock
for $53
million.
[
142
]
In November 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced that it planned to purchase the customer-service platform and chatbot specialist startup Kustomer to promote companies to use their platform for business. It has been reported that Kustomer valued at slightly over $1 billion.
[
143
]
The deal was closed in February 2022 after regulatory approval.
[
144
]
In September 2022, Meta acquired Lofelt, a Berlin-based
haptic tech
startup.
[
145
]
In December 2025, it was announced Meta had acquired the AI-wearables startup, Limitless.
[
146
]
In the same month, they also acquired another AI startup,
Manus AI
, for $2 billion.
[
147
]
Manus announced in December that its platform had achieved $100mm in recurring revenue just 8 months after its launch and Meta said it will scale the platform to many other businesses.
[
148
]
In January 2026, it was announced Meta proposed acquisition of Manus was undergoing preliminary scrutiny by Chinese regulators. The examination concerns the cross-border transfer of artificial intelligence technology developed in China.
[
149
]
Lobbying
In 2020, Facebook, Inc. spent
$19.7 million
on
lobbying
, hiring 79 lobbyists. In 2019, it had spent
$16.7 million
on lobbying and had a team of 71 lobbyists, up from
$12.6 million
and 51 lobbyists in 2018.
[
150
]
Facebook was the largest spender of lobbying money among the
Big Tech
companies in 2020.
[
151
]
The lobbying team includes top congressional aide John Branscome, who was hired in September 2021, to help the company fend off threats from Democratic lawmakers and the Biden administration.
[
152
]
In December 2024, Meta donated $1 million to the inauguration fund for then-President-elect Donald Trump.
[
153
]
In 2025, Meta was listed among the donors funding the construction of the
White House State Ballroom
.
[
154
]
Censorship
In 2016 Meta hired
Jordana Cutler
, formerly an employee at the Israeli Embassy to the United States, as its policy chief for Israel and the Jewish Diaspora. In this role, Cutler pushed for the censorship of accounts belonging to
Students for Justice in Palestine
chapters in the United States. Critics have said that Cutler's position gives the Israeli government an undue influence over Meta policy, and that few countries have such high levels of contact with Meta policymakers.
[
155
]
In August 2024,
Mark Zuckerberg
sent a letter to
Jim Jordan
indicating that during the
COVID-19 pandemic
the
Biden administration
repeatedly asked Meta to limit certain COVID-19 content, including humor and satire, on
Facebook
and
Instagram
.
[
156
]
Following the election of
Donald Trump
in 2025, various sources noted possible censorship related to the
Democratic Party
on Instagram and other Meta platforms.
[
157
]
[
158
]
[
159
]
In February 2025, a Meta rep flagged journalist
Gil Duran
's article and other "critiques of tech industry figures" as spam or sensitive content, limiting their reach.
[
160
]
According to a 2025 complaint by whistleblower
Sarah Wynn-Williams
, Facebook created in 2014 a "China team" to develop a version of its services that would be allowed in China, a project internally code-named "Project Aldrin". The company allegedly created a custom censorship system and agreed to hire 300 content moderators to support it. In an email exchange, an employee of Facebook's privacy team wrote, "In exchange for the ability to establish operations in China, FB will agree to grant the Chinese government access to Chinese users’ data — including Hongkongese users’ data". According to Wynn-Williams, Facebook also restricted the account of
Guo Wengui
, a Chinese businessman critical of the government, to foster cooperation with China. By 2019, Facebook had abandoned its ambitions in China, as trade tensions between the Trump administration and China escalated.
[
161
]
In March 2025, Meta attempted to block Sarah Wynn-Williams from promoting or further distributing her memoir,
Careless People
, that includes allegations of unaddressed
sexual harassment in the workplace
by senior executives.
The New York Times
reports that the arbitration is among Meta's most forcible attempts to repudiate a former employee's account of workplace dynamics.
[
162
]
Publisher
Macmillan
reacted to the ruling by the Emergency International Arbitral Tribunal by stating that it will ignore its provisions.
[
163
]
As of 15 March 2025
, hardback and digital versions of
Careless People
were being offered for sale by major online retailers.
From October 2025, Meta began removing and restricting access for accounts related to LGBTQ, reproductive health and abortion information pages on its platforms. Martha Dimitratou, executive director of Repro Uncensored, called Meta's shadow-banning of these issues "One of the biggest waves of censorship we are seeing".
[
164
]
Disinformation concerns
Since its inception, Meta has been accused of being a host for fake news and misinformation.
[
165
]
In the wake of the
2016 United States presidential election
, Zuckerberg began to take steps to eliminate the prevalence of fake news, as the platform had been criticized for its potential influence on the outcome of the election.
[
166
]
The company initially partnered with
ABC News
, the
Associated Press
,
FactCheck.org
,
Snopes
and
PolitiFact
for its
fact-checking
initiative;
[
167
]
as of 2018, it had over 40 fact-checking partners across the world, including
The Weekly Standard
.
[
168
]
A May 2017 review by
The Guardian
found that the platform's fact-checking initiatives of partnering with third-party fact-checkers and publicly flagging fake news were regularly ineffective, and appeared to be having minimal impact in some cases.
[
169
]
In 2018, journalists working as fact-checkers for the company criticized the partnership, stating that it had produced minimal results and that the company had ignored their concerns.
[
168
]
In 2024 Meta's decision to continue to disseminate a falsified video of
US president
Joe Biden
, even after it had been proven to be fake, attracted criticism and concern.
[
170
]
[
171
]
Misinformation and hate speech
In January 2025, Meta ended its use of third-party fact-checkers in favor of a user-run
community notes
system similar to the one used on X.
[
172
]
[
173
]
While Zuckerberg supported these changes, saying that the amount of censorship on the platform was excessive, the decision received criticism by fact-checking institutions, stating that the changes would make it more difficult for users to identify misinformation.
[
174
]
Meta also faced criticism for weakening its policies on hate speech that were designed to protect minorities and LGBTQ+ individuals from bullying and discrimination.
[
175
]
[
176
]
[
177
]
While moving its content review teams from California to Texas, Meta changed their hateful conduct policy to eliminate restrictions on anti-LGBT and anti-immigrant hate speech, as well as explicitly allowing users to accuse LGBT people of being mentally ill or abnormal based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.
[
178
]
[
179
]
[
180
]
[
181
]
In January 2025, Meta faced significant criticism for its role in removing LGBTQ+ content from its platforms, amid its broader efforts to address anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech. The removal of LGBTQ+ themes was noted as part of the wider crackdown on content deemed to violate its community guidelines. Meta's content moderation policies, which were designed to combat harmful speech and protect users from discrimination, inadvertently led to the removal or restriction of LGBTQ+ content, particularly posts highlighting LGBTQ+ identities, support, or political issues. According to reports, LGBTQ+ posts, including those that simply celebrated pride or advocated for LGBTQ+ rights, were flagged and removed for reasons that some critics argue were vague or inconsistently applied. Many LGBTQ+ activists and users on Meta's platforms expressed concern that such actions stifled visibility and expression, potentially isolating LGBTQ+ individuals and communities, especially in spaces that were historically important for outreach and support.
[
175
]
[
177
]
[
176
]
In an April 2026 interview with
Outlook Business
, former Meta executive turned whistleblower Kerry Stonelake claimed that
Big Tech
platforms such as Meta tended to prioritise scale over user safety in developing countries such as India, often treating them as "scale markets". This, according to Stonelake, amplified prevalent issues such as misinformation, harassment, political manipulation, and communal-violence.
[
182
]
Lawsuits
Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the company, both when it was known as Facebook, Inc., and as Meta Platforms.
In March 2020, the Office of the
Australian Information Commissioner
(OAIC) sued Facebook, for significant and persistent infringements of the rule on privacy involving the
Cambridge Analytica fiasco
. Every violation of the Privacy Act is subject to a theoretical cumulative liability of $1.7 million. The OAIC estimated that a total of 311,127 Australians had been exposed.
[
183
]
On December 8, 2020, the U.S.
Federal Trade Commission
and 46 states (excluding Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and South Dakota), the
District of Columbia
and the territory of
Guam
, launched
Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook
as an antitrust lawsuit against Facebook. The lawsuit concerns Facebook's acquisition of two competitors—
Instagram
and
WhatsApp
—and the ensuing monopolistic situation. FTC alleges that Facebook holds monopolistic power in the U.S. social networking market and seeks to force the company to divest from Instagram and WhatsApp to break up the conglomerate.
[
184
]
William Kovacic
, a former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, argued the case will be difficult to win as it would require the government to create a counterfactual argument of an internet where the Facebook-WhatsApp-Instagram entity did not exist, and prove that harmed competition or consumers.
[
185
]
In November 2025, it was ruled that Meta did not violate antitrust laws and holds no monopoly in the market.
[
186
]
On December 24, 2021, a court in Russia fined Meta for $27 million after the company declined to remove unspecified banned content. The fine was reportedly tied to the company's annual revenue in the country.
[
187
]
In May 2022, a lawsuit was filed in Kenya against Meta and its local outsourcing company
Sama
. Allegedly, Meta has poor working conditions in Kenya for
workers moderating
Facebook posts. According to the lawsuit, 260 screeners were declared redundant with confusing reasoning. The lawsuit seeks financial compensation and an order that outsourced moderators be given the same health benefits and pay scale as Meta employees.
[
188
]
[
189
]
In June 2022, 8 lawsuits were filed across the U.S. over the allege that excessive exposure to platforms including Facebook and Instagram has led to attempted or actual suicides, eating disorders and sleeplessness, among other issues. The litigation follows a former Facebook employee's testimony in Congress that the company refused to take responsibility. The company noted that tools have been developed for parents to keep track of their children's activity on Instagram and set time limits, in addition to Meta's "Take a break" reminders. In addition, the company is providing resources specific to eating disorders as well as developing AI to prevent children under the age of 13 signing up for Facebook or Instagram.
[
190
]
In June 2022, Meta settled a lawsuit with the
US Department of Justice
. The lawsuit, which was filed in 2019, alleged that the company enabled housing discrimination through targeted advertising, as it allowed homeowners and landlords to run housing ads excluding people based on sex, race, religion, and other characteristics. The U.S. Department of Justice stated that this was in violation of the
Fair Housing Act
. Meta was handed a penalty of $115,054 and given until December 31, 2022, to shadow the algorithm tool.
[
191
]
[
192
]
[
193
]
In January 2023, Meta was fined €390 million for violations of the European Union
General Data Protection Regulation
.
[
194
]
In May 2023, the
European Data Protection Board
fined Meta a record €1.2 billion for breaching European Union data privacy laws by transferring personal data of Facebook users to servers in the U.S.
[
195
]
In July 2024, Meta agreed to pay the state of
Texas
US$1.4 billion
to settle a lawsuit brought by Texas Attorney General
Ken Paxton
accusing the company of collecting users'
biometric
data without consent, setting a record for the largest privacy-related settlement ever obtained by a state attorney general.
[
196
]
In October 2024, Meta Platforms faced lawsuits in Japan from 30 plaintiffs who claimed they were defrauded by fake investment ads on Facebook and Instagram, featuring false celebrity endorsements. The plaintiffs are seeking approximately $2.8 million in damages.
[
197
]
In April 2025, the
Kenyan High Court
ruled that a
US$2.4 billion
lawsuit in which three plaintiffs claim that Facebook inflamed civil violence in
Ethiopia
in 2021 could proceed.
[
198
]
In April 2025, Meta was fined €200 million ($230 million) for breaking the
Digital Markets Act
, by imposing a “
consent or pay
” system that forces users to either allow their personal data to be used to target advertisements, or pay a subscription fee for advertising-free versions of
Facebook
and
Instagram
.
[
199
]
In late April 2025, a case was filed against Meta in Ghana over the alleged psychological distress experienced by content moderators employed to take down disturbing social media content including depictions of murders, extreme violence and child sexual abuse.
[
200
]
Meta moved the moderation service to the Ghanaian capital of Accra after legal issues in the previous location Kenya. The new moderation company is Teleperformance, a multinational corporation with a history of worker's rights violation. Reports suggests the conditions are worse here than in the previous Kenyan location, with many workers afraid of speaking out due to fear of returning to conflict zones. Workers reported developing mental illnesses, attempted suicides, and low pay.
[
201
]
In January 2026, a New Mexico state court case was filed, suggesting that Mark Zuckerberg approved allowing minors to access artificial intelligence chatbot companions that safety staffers warned were capable of sexual interactions.
[
202
]
In March 2026, a New Mexico jury found that Meta had harmed children’s mental health and safety and violated state law in the case. Meta was ordered to pay $375 million in civil penalties.
[
203
]
In March 2026, a Los Angeles jury found Meta and YouTube liable in a civil lawsuit alleging their platforms contributed to a user's mental health harm.
[
204
]
UReputation
In 2020,
[
205
]
the company UReputation, which had been involved in several cases concerning the management of digital armies
[
clarification needed
]
,
[
206
]
filed a lawsuit against Facebook, accusing it of unlawfully transmitting personal data to third parties. Legal actions were initiated in Tunisia, France, and the United States. In 2025, the United States District court for the Northern District of Georgia approved a discovery procedure, allowing UReputation to access documents and evidence held by Meta.
[
207
]
[
208
]
Structure
Mark Zuckerberg
, co-founder, chairman and CEO of Meta, in 2012
Management
Meta's key management consists of:
[
209
]
[
210
]
Mark Zuckerberg
,
chairman
and
chief executive officer
Javier Olivan
,
chief operating officer
Sir Nick Clegg
, president, global affairs
Susan Li,
chief financial officer
Andrew Bosworth
,
chief technology officer
David Wehner
, chief strategy officer
Chris Cox
,
chief product officer
Jennifer Newstead
,
chief legal officer
As of October 2022
, Meta had 83,553 employees worldwide.
Board of directors
As of June 2024
, Meta's
board
consisted of the following directors;
[
211
]
Mark Zuckerberg
(chairman, co-founder, controlling shareholder, and chief executive officer)
Peggy Alford (non-executive director, executive vice president, global sales,
PayPal
)
Marc Andreessen
(non-executive director, co-founder and general partner,
Andreessen Horowitz
)
Drew Houston
(non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer,
Dropbox
)
Nancy Killefer
(non-executive director, senior partner,
McKinsey & Company
)
Robert M. Kimmitt
(non-executive director, senior international counsel,
WilmerHale
)
Tracey Travis (non-executive director, executive vice president, chief financial officer,
Estée Lauder Companies
)
Tony Xu
(non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer,
DoorDash
)
Hock Tan
(CEO of
Broadcom
)
[
212
]
John D. Arnold
(former
Enron
executive)
[
212
]
Dana White
(non-executive director, president and CEO of
UFC
)
[
213
]
John Elkann
(
Stellantis
chairman, and
Exor
CEO)
[
214
]
Charlie Songhurst
[
215
]
Ownership
Meta Platforms is mainly owned by
institutional investors
, who hold around 80% of all shares.
[
216
]
Insiders control the majority of voting shares. The three largest individual investors in 2024 were Mark Zuckerberg, Sheryl Sandberg and Christopher K. Cox.
[
217
]
The largest shareholders in late 2024/early 2025 were:
[
216
]
Mark Zuckerberg
(13.5%)
[
217
]
The Vanguard Group
(8.8%)
BlackRock
(7.66%)
Fidelity Investments
(6.28%)
State Street Corporation
(3.97%)
JPMorgan Chase
(2.38%)
Geode Capital Management
(2.27%)
T. Rowe Price
(1.95%)
Capital World Investors
(1.86%)
Capital Research Global Investors
(1.7%)
Morgan Stanley
(1.66%)
Company governance
Roger McNamee
, an early Facebook investor and Zuckerberg's former mentor, said Facebook had "the most centralized decision-making structure I have ever encountered in a large company".
[
218
]
Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes has stated that chief executive officer Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies. In an
op-ed
in
The New York Times
, Hughes said he was concerned that Zuckerberg had surrounded himself with a team that did not challenge him, and that it is the U.S. government's job to hold him accountable and curb his "unchecked power".
[
219
]
He also said that "Mark's power is unprecedented and un-American."
[
220
]
Several U.S. politicians agreed with Hughes.
[
221
]
European Union
Commissioner for Competition
Margrethe Vestager stated that splitting Facebook should be done only as "a remedy of the very last resort", and that it would not solve Facebook's underlying problems.
[
222
]
Revenue
Revenue
(in millions
USD
)
Year
Revenue $
Growth (%)
2004
$
0.4
[
223
]
—
2005
9
[
223
]
2150
2006
48
[
223
]
433
2007
153
[
223
]
219
2008
280
[
224
]
83
2009
775
[
225
]
177
2010
2,000
[
226
]
158
2011
3,711
[
227
]
86
2012
5,089
[
228
]
37
2013
7,872
[
228
]
55
2014
12,466
[
229
]
58
2015
17,928
[
230
]
44
2016
27,638
[
231
]
54
2017
40,653
[
232
]
47
2018
55,838
[
233
]
37
2019
70,697
[
233
]
27
2020
85,965
[
234
]
22
2021
117,929
[
235
]
37
2022
116,609
[
236
]
-1
2023
134,902
[
237
]
16
2024
164,501
[
238
]
22
2025
200,966
[
7
]
22
Facebook ranked No. 34 in the 2020
Fortune 500
list of the largest United States corporations by revenue, with almost $86 billion in revenue
[
239
]
most of it coming from advertising.
[
240
]
[
241
]
One analysis of 2017 data determined that the company earned
US$20.21
per user from advertising.
[
242
]
According to
New York
, since its rebranding, Meta has reportedly lost $500 billion as a result of new privacy measures put in place by companies such as Apple and Google which prevents Meta from gathering users' data.
[
243
]
[
244
]
Revenue by market (2024)
[
245
]
Market
Revenue
Share
United States
$59.7 bn.
36.3%
Europe
$38.4 bn.
23.3%
Asia-Pacific (excl. China)
$26.7 bn.
16.2%
China
$18.4 bn.
11.2%
Rest of the World
$17.9 bn.
10.9%
Canada
$3.5 bn.
2.1%
Number of advertisers
In February 2015,
Facebook
announced it had reached two million active advertisers, with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser was defined as an entity that had advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days.
[
246
]
In March 2016, Facebook announced it had reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the United States.
[
247
]
Prices for advertising follow a variable pricing model based on auctioning ad placements, and potential engagement levels of the advertisement itself. Similar to other online advertising platforms like Google and Twitter, targeting of advertisements is one of the chief merits of digital advertising compared to
traditional media
. Marketing on Meta is employed through two methods based on the viewing habits, likes and shares, and purchasing data of the audience, namely targeted audiences and "look alike" audiences.
[
248
]
Scam advertising
According to internal documents analyzed by
Reuters
, Meta projected that 10% of its 2024 revenue ($16 billion) would come from ads for scams and prohibited goods. Meta estimated that this represented 15 billion "higher risk" scam ads shown per day and that the company's platforms were involved in a third of all successful scams in the US. Rather than banning suspected scammers, Meta decided to charge them higher rates to reduce the profitability of scam campaigns. The company estimated that any regulatory fine would be significantly lower than the revenue from such ads, and an internal document states that the team responsible for vetting questionable advertisers wasn't allowed to take actions that would cost more than 0.15% of Meta's total revenue.
[
249
]
Tax affairs
The U.S. IRS challenged the valuation Facebook used when it transferred IP from the U.S. to Facebook Ireland (now Meta Platforms Ireland) in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building its
double Irish
tax structure.
[
250
]
[
251
]
The case is ongoing and Meta faces a potential fine of $3–5bn.
[
252
]
The U.S.
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
changed Facebook's global tax calculations. Meta Platforms Ireland is subject to the U.S. GILTI tax of 10.5% on global intangible profits (i.e. Irish profits). On the basis that Meta Platforms Ireland Limited is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Meta Platforms Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if its Irish business relocated to the U.S. Tax relief in the U.S. (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective U.S. rate around 12%.
[
253
]
[
254
]
[
255
]
The insignificance of the U.S./Irish tax difference was demonstrated when Facebook moved 1.5bn non-EU accounts to the U.S. to limit exposure to
GDPR
.
[
256
]
[
257
]
Facilities
Offices
Users outside of the U.S. and Canada contract with Meta's Irish subsidiary, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (formerly
Facebook Ireland Limited
), allowing Meta to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Meta is making use of the
Double Irish arrangement
which allows it to pay 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.
[
258
]
In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in
Hyderabad
, India,
[
259
]
which houses online advertising and developer support teams and provides support to users and advertisers.
[
260
]
In India, Meta is registered as Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd.
[
261
]
It also has offices or planned sites in
Chittagong, Bangladesh
;
Dublin, Ireland
;
[
262
]
and
Austin, Texas
, among other cities.
[
263
]
[
264
]
[
265
]
Facebook opened its London headquarters in 2017 in Fitzrovia in
central London
. Facebook opened an office in
Cambridge, Massachusetts
in 2018. The offices were initially home to the "Connectivity Lab", a group focused on bringing Internet access to those who do not have access to the Internet.
[
266
]
In April 2019, Facebook opened its
Taiwan
headquarters in
Taipei
.
[
267
]
In March 2022, Meta opened new regional headquarters in
Dubai
.
[
268
]
In September 2023, it was reported that Meta had paid £149m to
British Land
to break the lease on Triton Square London office. Meta reportedly had another 18 years left on its lease on the site.
[
269
]
Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in
Menlo Park, California
Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the
Stanford Research Park
,
Palo Alto, California
Facebook headquarters in 2014
Data centers
As of 2023, Facebook operated 21 data centers.
[
270
]
It committed to purchase 100% renewable energy and to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 75% by 2020.
[
271
]
Its data center technologies include Fabric Aggregator, a distributed network system that accommodates larger regions and varied traffic patterns.
[
272
]
Reception
US Representative
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
responded in a tweet to Zuckerberg's announcement about Meta, saying: "Meta as in 'we are a cancer to democracy metastasizing into a global surveillance and propaganda machine for boosting authoritarian regimes and destroying civil society ... for profit!
'
"
[
273
]
Ex-Facebook employee
Frances Haugen
and whistleblower behind the
Facebook Papers
responded to the rebranding efforts by expressing doubts about the company's ability to improve while led by
Mark Zuckerberg
, and urged the chief executive officer to resign.
[
274
]
In November 2021, a video published by Inspired by Iceland went viral, in which a Zuckerberg look-alike promoted the Icelandverse, a place of "enhanced actual reality without silly looking headsets".
[
275
]
In a December 2021 interview, SpaceX and Tesla chief executive officer
Elon Musk
said he could not see a compelling use-case for the VR-driven metaverse, adding: "I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day."
[
276
]
In January 2022, Louise Eccles of
The Sunday Times
logged into the metaverse with the intention of making a video guide. She wrote:
Initially, my experience with the Oculus went well. I attended work meetings as an avatar and tried an exercise class set in the streets of Paris. The headset enabled me to feel the thrill of carving down mountains on a snowboard and the adrenaline rush of climbing a mountain without ropes. Yet switching to the social apps, where you mingle with strangers also using VR headsets, it was at times predatory and vile.
Eccles described being
sexually harassed
by another user, as well as "accents from all over the world, American, Indian, English, Australian, using racist, sexist, homophobic and transphobic language". She also encountered users as young as 7 years old on the platform, despite Oculus headsets being intended for users over 13.
[
277
]
See also
Big Tech
– Largest and most influential technology companies in the world
Criticism of Facebook
Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
– 2010s social media data misuse
2021 Facebook leak
– Internal document leak
Meta AI
– Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
The Social Network
– 2010 film by David Fincher
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External links
37°29′06″N
122°08′54″W
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| Markdown | [Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#bodyContent)
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## Contents
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- [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms)
- [1 History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#History)
Toggle History subsection
- [1\.1 2018–2020: Focus on the metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2018%E2%80%932020:_Focus_on_the_metaverse)
- [1\.2 2021: Rebrand as Meta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2021:_Rebrand_as_Meta)
- [1\.3 2022: Declining profits and mass lay-offs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2022:_Declining_profits_and_mass_lay-offs)
- [1\.4 2023: Threads, AI and all-time high stock value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2023:_Threads,_AI_and_all-time_high_stock_value)
- [1\.5 2024: Developments and controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2024:_Developments_and_controversies)
- [1\.6 2025: Policy shifts and AI investments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2025:_Policy_shifts_and_AI_investments)
- [1\.7 2026: Investments in AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#2026:_Investments_in_AI)
- [2 Mergers and acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Mergers_and_acquisitions)
- [3 Lobbying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Lobbying)
- [4 Censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Censorship)
- [5 Disinformation concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Disinformation_concerns)
Toggle Disinformation concerns subsection
- [5\.1 Misinformation and hate speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Misinformation_and_hate_speech)
- [6 Lawsuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Lawsuits)
Toggle Lawsuits subsection
- [6\.1 UReputation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#UReputation)
- [7 Structure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Structure)
Toggle Structure subsection
- [7\.1 Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Management)
- [7\.2 Board of directors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Board_of_directors)
- [7\.3 Ownership](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Ownership)
- [7\.4 Company governance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Company_governance)
- [8 Revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Revenue)
Toggle Revenue subsection
- [8\.1 Number of advertisers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Number_of_advertisers)
- [8\.2 Scam advertising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Scam_advertising)
- [8\.3 Tax affairs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Tax_affairs)
- [9 Facilities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Facilities)
Toggle Facilities subsection
- [9\.1 Offices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Offices)
- [9\.2 Data centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Data_centers)
- [10 Reception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#Reception)
- [11 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#See_also)
- [12 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#References)
- [13 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#External_links)
Toggle the table of contents
# Meta Platforms
80 languages
- [Afrikaans](https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Afrikaans")
- [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 "ميتا بلاتفورمز – Arabic")
- [مصرى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7_\(%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%87\) "ميتا (شركه) – Egyptian Arabic")
- [Asturianu](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Asturian")
- [Azərbaycanca](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Azerbaijani")
- [Basa Bali](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Balinese")
- [Bikol Central](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Central Bikol")
- [Беларуская](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta "Meta – Belarusian")
- [Български](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_\(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\) "Мета (компания) – Bulgarian")
- [भोजपुरी](https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 "मेटा प्लेटफॉर्म्स – Bhojpuri")
- [বাংলা](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8 "মেটা প্ল্যাটফর্মস – Bangla")
- [Brezhoneg](https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Breton")
- [Bosanski](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Bosnian")
- [Català](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Catalan")
- [Cebuano](https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Cebuano")
- [کوردی](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%DB%86%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 "مێتا پلاتفۆرمز – Central Kurdish")
- [Čeština](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(americk%C3%BD_podnik\) "Meta (americký podnik) – Czech")
- [Dansk](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Danish")
- [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – German")
- [Ελληνικά](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Greek")
- [Esperanto](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(firmao\) "Meta (firmao) – Esperanto")
- [Español](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Spanish")
- [Euskara](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Basque")
- [فارسی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 "متا پلتفرمز – Persian")
- [Suomi](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(yritys\) "Meta (yritys) – Finnish")
- [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(entreprise\) "Meta (entreprise) – French")
- [Gaeilge](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Irish")
- [Hawaiʻi](https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Hawaiian")
- [עברית](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%90_\(%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94\) "מטא (חברה) – Hebrew")
- [हिन्दी](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 "मेटा प्लेटफॉर्म्स – Hindi")
- [Magyar](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Hungarian")
- [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1 "Մետա – Armenian")
- [Jaku Iban](https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Iban")
- [Bahasa Indonesia](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Indonesian")
- [Ido](https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Ido")
- [Italiano](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Italian")
- [日本語](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD\) "Meta (企業) – Japanese")
- [Qaraqalpaqsha](https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Kara-Kalpak")
- [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%83%80_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%AB%ED%8F%BC%EC%8A%A4 "메타 플랫폼스 – Korean")
- [کٲشُر](https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85 "میٹا پلیٹ فارم – Kashmiri")
- [Kurdî](https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Kurdish")
- [Lietuvių](https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Lithuanian")
- [Latviešu](https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Latvian")
- [Олык марий](https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Eastern Mari")
- [മലയാളം](https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE "മെറ്റാ പ്ലാറ്റ്ഫോമുകൾ – Malayalam")
- [मराठी](https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8 "मेटा प्लॅटफॉर्म्स – Marathi")
- [Bahasa Melayu](https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Malay")
- [नेपाली](https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE "मेटा – Nepali")
- [Nederlands](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Dutch")
- [Norsk nynorsk](https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta,_Inc. "Meta, Inc. – Norwegian Nynorsk")
- [Norsk bokmål](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(selskap\) "Meta (selskap) – Norwegian Bokmål")
- [Nupe](https://nup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Nupe")
- [Chi-Chewa](https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Pulatifomu "Meta Pulatifomu – Nyanja")
- [Occitan](https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Occitan")
- [ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE "ਮੈਟਾ ਪਲੇਟਫਾਰਮ – Punjabi")
- [Polski](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Polish")
- [پنجابی](https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 "میٹا پلیٹفارمز – Western Punjabi")
- [پښتو](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BC%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 "مېتا پلټفارمز – Pashto")
- [Português](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Portuguese")
- [Runa Simi](https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Quechua")
- [Română](https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Romanian")
- [Русский](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Russian")
- [ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ](https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2 "ᱢᱮᱴᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱴᱯᱷᱨᱚᱢ – Santali")
- [Scots](https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Scots")
- [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Simple English")
- [Slovenščina](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Slovenian")
- [Soomaaliga](https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta "Meta – Somali")
- [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Serbian")
- [Svenska](https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Swedish")
- [Kiswahili](https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Swahili")
- [Тоҷикӣ](https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms "Meta Platforms – Tajik")
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American multinational technology conglomerate
"Facebook, Inc." redirects here. For the social media service, see [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook").
"Meta (company)" redirects here. For other companies of the same name, see [Meta (disambiguation) § Businesses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(disambiguation\)#Businesses "Meta (disambiguation)").
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_Platforms_Inc._logo.svg) | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_HQ_2023.png)Headquarters in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California") | |
| [Trade name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_name "Trade name") | Meta |
| Formerly | TheFacebook, Inc. (2004–2005) Facebook, Inc. (2005–2021) |
| Company type | [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") |
| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") | [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq"): [META](https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/meta) (Class A) [Nasdaq-100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq-100 "Nasdaq-100") component [S\&P 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_100 "S&P 100") component [S\&P 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500 "S&P 500") component |
| Industry | [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") [Advertising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_industry "Advertising industry") |
| Founded | February 4, 2004; 22 years ago (2004-02-04) in [Cambridge, Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts "Cambridge, Massachusetts"), U.S. |
| Founders | [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") [Eduardo Saverin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin "Eduardo Saverin") [Andrew McCollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_McCollum "Andrew McCollum") [Dustin Moskovitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz "Dustin Moskovitz") [Chris Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hughes "Chris Hughes") |
| Headquarters | [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California"), U.S. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Mark Zuckerberg ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman") and [CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) [Dina Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Powell "Dina Powell") (vice chair and [president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_\(corporate_title\) "President (corporate title)")) [Javier Oliván](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Oliv%C3%A1n "Javier Oliván") ([COO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_operating_officer "Chief operating officer")) [Andrew Bosworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth "Andrew Bosworth") ([CTO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_technology_officer "Chief technology officer")) |
| Products | [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger "Facebook Messenger") [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)") [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") |
| Revenue |  [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")201 billion (2025) |
| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") |  US\$83.3 billion (2025) |
| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") |  US\$60.5 billion (2025) |
| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") |  US\$366 billion (2025) |
| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_\(finance\) "Equity (finance)") |  US\$217 billion (2025) |
| Owner | Mark Zuckerberg (13.68% equity; 61.2% voting)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-1) |
| Number of employees | 78,865 (2025) |
| [Divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_\(business\) "Division (business)") | [Reality Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs "Reality Labs") [Mapillary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapillary "Mapillary") [Superintelligence Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Superintelligence_Labs "Meta Superintelligence Labs") |
| [ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number "Autonomous System Number") | [32934](https://bgp.tools/as/32934) |
| Website | [meta.com](https://www.meta.com/) |
| **Footnotes / references** [\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2025-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-zuck_ownership-8) | |
**Meta Platforms, Inc.** ([doing business as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doing_business_as "Doing business as") **Meta**) is an American [multinational](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation "Multinational corporation") [technology company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_company "Technology company") headquartered in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California"). Meta owns and operates several prominent [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") platforms and communication services, including [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram"), [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp"), [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_\(Meta\) "Messenger (Meta)"), [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)"), [Manus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus_\(AI_agent\) "Manus (AI agent)") and [Moltbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook "Moltbook"). The company also operates an [advertising network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_network "Advertising network") for its own sites and third parties; as of 2023[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta_Platforms&action=edit), advertising accounted for 97.8 percent of its total [revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-9) Meta has been described as a part of [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech"), which refers to the largest six tech companies in the United States, [Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_Inc. "Alphabet Inc.") ([Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google")), [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), Meta ([Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook")), [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft"), and [Nvidia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia "Nvidia"), which are also the [largest companies in the world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization "List of public corporations by market capitalization") by [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-12)
The company was originally established in 2004 as **TheFacebook, Inc.**,[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-13) and was renamed **Facebook, Inc.** in 2005.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-14) In 2021, it rebranded as Meta Platforms, Inc. to reflect a strategic shift toward developing the [metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse")—an interconnected [digital ecosystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_ecosystem "Digital ecosystem") spanning [virtual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality "Virtual reality") and [augmented reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality "Augmented reality") technologies.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-theverge20211019-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-18)
In 2023, Meta was ranked 31st on the *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000")* [Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000") list of the world's largest [public companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-19) As of 2022, it was the world's third-largest spender on [research and development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development"), with R\&D expenses totaling US\$35.3 billion.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-20)
## History
Further information: [History of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Facebook "History of Facebook") and [Initial public offering of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook "Initial public offering of Facebook")
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook_on_Nasdaq.jpeg)
Billboard on the [Thomson Reuters building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Times_Square "3 Times Square") welcomes Facebook to [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq") in 2012.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chart_of_Facebook,_inc._Stock.png)
Early chart of Facebook's stock
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook,_Inc._Logo_2019.svg)
Facebook corporate logo from 2019 to 2021
| |
|---|
| This article is part of a series about |
| [Meta Platforms]() |
|  |
| [History](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Facebook "History of Facebook") [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Instagram "Timeline of Instagram") [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_WhatsApp "Timeline of WhatsApp") [Acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms "List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms") |
| Products and services |
| [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") [2021 outage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage "2021 Facebook outage") [Features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features "List of Facebook features") [Dating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Dating "Facebook Dating") [Feed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_\(Facebook\) "Feed (Facebook)") [Like button](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_like_button "Facebook like button") [Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Reels "Facebook Reels") |
| Other products [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)") [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger "Facebook Messenger") [Kids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_Kids "Messenger Kids") [Meta AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_AI "Meta AI") [Meta Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Portal "Meta Portal") [Quest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Quest "Oculus Quest") [Quest 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_2 "Quest 2") [Quest 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Quest_3 "Meta Quest 3") [Quest 3S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Quest_3S "Meta Quest 3S") [Quest Pro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_Pro "Quest Pro") [Supernatural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Within_\(company\) "Within (company)") [Ray-Ban Stories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories "Ray-Ban Stories") [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") |
| People |
| Executives and board members [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") [Sheryl Sandberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg "Sheryl Sandberg") |
| Notable employees [Adam Mosseri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Mosseri "Adam Mosseri") |
| Related organizations [Oversight Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_Board_\(Meta\) "Oversight Board (Meta)") |
| Business |
| [Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook") [Privacy concerns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook "Privacy concerns with Facebook") [Content management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_content_management_controversies "Facebook content management controversies") [Censorship of](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook "Censorship of Facebook") [Censorship by](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook "Censorship by Facebook") [Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") [2020 ad boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts "2020 Facebook ad boycotts") [2021 company files leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") [WhatsApp security and privacy features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reception_and_criticism_of_WhatsApp_security_and_privacy_features "Reception and criticism of WhatsApp security and privacy features") [WhatsApp snooping scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal "WhatsApp snooping scandal") *[Careless People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careless_People "Careless People")* |
| [Litigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms "Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms") *[Young v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Young v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2011) *[Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraley_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2016) *[Force v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Force v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2019) *[FTC v. Meta Platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTC_v._Meta "FTC v. Meta")* (ongoing) |
| Related [Facebook, Inc. IPO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook "Initial public offering of Facebook") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Meta_sidebar "Template:Meta sidebar") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Meta_sidebar "Template talk:Meta sidebar") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meta_sidebar "Special:EditPage/Template:Meta sidebar") |
Facebook filed for an [initial public offering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering "Initial public offering") (IPO) on January 1, 2012.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-21) The preliminary prospectus stated that the company sought to raise \$5 billion, had 845 million monthly active users, and a website accruing 2.7 billion likes and comments daily.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-22) After the IPO, [Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") would retain 22% of the total shares and 57% of the total voting power in Facebook.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fortune-23)
[Underwriters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriting "Underwriting") valued the shares at \$38 each, valuing the company at \$104 billion, the largest valuation yet for a newly public company.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-24) On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-25) The IPO raised \$16 billion, making it the third-largest in US history (slightly ahead of [AT\&T Mobility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Mobility "AT&T Mobility") and behind only [General Motors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors "General Motors") and [Visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc. "Visa Inc.")). The stock price left the company with a higher [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization") than all but a few U.S. corporations—surpassing heavyweights such as [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's"), [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company"), and [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods")—and made Zuckerberg's stock worth \$19 billion.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-NYT517-26)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-USN517-27) *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* stated that the offering overcame questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a "must-own stock". [Jimmy Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Lee_\(banker\) "Jimmy Lee (banker)") of [JPMorgan Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase "JPMorgan Chase") described it as "the next great [blue-chip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_chip_\(stock_market\) "Blue chip (stock market)")".[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-NYT517-26) Writers at [TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch "TechCrunch"), on the other hand, expressed skepticism, stating, "That's a big multiple to live up to, and Facebook will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation."[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-28)
Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq") exchange.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-29) The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-30) At the closing bell, shares were valued at \$38.23,[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-31) only \$0.23 above the IPO price and down \$3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-32) The stock set a new record for trading volume of an IPO.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-33) On May 25, 2012, the stock ended its first full week of trading at \$31.91, a 16.5% decline.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-34)
On May 22, 2012, regulators from [Wall Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street "Wall Street")'s [Financial Industry Regulatory Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Industry_Regulatory_Authority "Financial Industry Regulatory Authority") announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients rather than the general public. [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts "Massachusetts") Secretary of State [William F. Galvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Galvin "William F. Galvin") subpoenaed [Morgan Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley "Morgan Stanley") over the same issue.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-35) The allegations sparked "fury" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a [class action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_action "Class action") suit claiming more than \$2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-36) [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P. "Bloomberg L.P.") estimated that [retail investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_participants#Retail_investor "Financial market participants") may have lost approximately \$630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-37) [S\&P Global Ratings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_Global_Ratings "S&P Global Ratings") added Facebook to its [S\&P 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500 "S&P 500") index on December 21, 2013.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-38)
On May 2, 2014, Zuckerberg announced that the company would be changing its internal motto from "Move fast and break things" to "Move fast with stable infrastructure".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-40) The earlier motto had been described as Zuckerberg's "prime directive to his developers and team" in a 2009 interview in *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*, in which he also said, "Unless you are breaking stuff, you are not moving fast enough."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-blodget-41)
In November 2016, Facebook announced the [Microsoft Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows "Microsoft Windows") client of gaming service *Facebook Gameroom*, formerly *Facebook Games Arcade*, at the [Unity Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Technologies "Unity Technologies") developers conference.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-43) The client allows Facebook users to play "native" games in addition to its web games. The service was closed in June 2021.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-44)
### 2018–2020: Focus on the metaverse
[Lasso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasso_\(video_sharing_app\) "Lasso (video sharing app)") was a short-video sharing app from Facebook similar to [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") that was launched on [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS") and [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_\(operating_system\) "Android (operating system)") in 2018 and was aimed at teenagers. On July 2, 2020, Facebook announced that Lasso would be shutting down on July 10.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-45)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-47)
In 2018, the [Oculus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs#Acquisition_by_Facebook "Reality Labs") lead [Jason Rubin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Rubin "Jason Rubin") sent his 50-page vision document titled "The Metaverse" to Facebook's leadership. In the document, Rubin acknowledged that Facebook's [virtual reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality "Virtual reality") business had not caught on as expected, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars spent on content for early adopters. He also urged the company to execute fast and invest heavily in the vision, to shut out [HTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC "HTC"), [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") and other competitors in the [VR space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications "Virtual reality applications"). Regarding other players' participation in the metaverse vision, he called for the company to build the "[metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse")" to prevent their competitors from "being in the VR business in a meaningful way at all".[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-48)
In May 2019, Facebook founded [Libra Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diem_\(digital_currency\)#History "Diem (digital currency)"), reportedly to develop their own [stablecoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablecoin "Stablecoin") [cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency "Cryptocurrency").[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-yahoo-49) Later, it was reported that Libra was being supported by financial companies such as [Visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc. "Visa Inc."), [Mastercard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastercard "Mastercard"), [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal") and [Uber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber "Uber"). The consortium of companies was expected to pool in \$10 million each to fund the launch of the [cryptocurrency coin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency "Cryptocurrency") named Libra.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-50) Depending on when it would receive approval from the [Swiss Financial Market Supervisory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Financial_Market_Supervisory_Authority "Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority") authority to operate as a payments service, the Libra Association had planned to launch a limited format cryptocurrency in 2021.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-51) Libra was renamed Diem, before being shut down and sold in January 2022 after backlash from [Swiss government regulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") and the public.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-53)
During the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the use of online services, including Facebook, grew globally.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-CNN11.10.22-54) [Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") predicted this would be a "permanent acceleration" that would continue after the pandemic. Facebook hired aggressively, growing from 48,268 employees in March 2020 to more than 87,000 by September 2022.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-CNN11.10.22-54)
### 2021: Rebrand as Meta
Further information: [Criticism of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook"), [Instagram § Impact on people](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram#Impact_on_people "Instagram"), [2021 Facebook leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak"), and [Frances Haugen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen "Frances Haugen")
See also: [Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") and [2020 Facebook ad boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts "2020 Facebook ad boycotts")
Following a period of intense scrutiny and damaging [whistleblower leaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak"), news started to emerge on October 21, 2021 about Facebook's plan to [rebrand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebranding "Rebranding") the company and change its name.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-theverge20211019-15)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-55) In the Q3 2021 earnings call on October 25, Mark Zuckerberg discussed the ongoing criticism of the company's social services and the way it operates, and pointed to the pivoting efforts to building the [metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse") – without mentioning the rebranding and the name change.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-56) The metaverse vision and the name change from Facebook, Inc. to Meta Platforms was introduced at Facebook Connect on October 28, 2021.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16) Based on Facebook's PR campaign, the name change reflects the company's shifting long term focus of building the metaverse, a digital extension of the physical world by [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media"), virtual reality and augmented reality features.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-57)
"Meta" had been [registered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark#Registration "Trademark") as a [trademark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark "Trademark") in the United States in 2018 (after an initial filing in 2015) for marketing, advertising, and computer services, by [a Canadian company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(academic_company\) "Meta (academic company)") that provided [big data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data "Big data") analysis of [scientific literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature "Scientific literature").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-58) This company was acquired in 2017 by the [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative "Chan Zuckerberg Initiative") (CZI), a foundation established by Zuckerberg and his wife, [Priscilla Chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscilla_Chan "Priscilla Chan"), and became one of their projects.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-59) Following the rebranding announcement, CZI announced that it had already decided to deprioritize the earlier Meta project, thus it would be transferring its rights to the name to Meta Platforms, and the previous project would end in 2022.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-60)
### 2022: Declining profits and mass lay-offs
Soon after the rebranding, in early February 2022, Meta reported a greater-than-expected decline in profits in the fourth quarter of 2021.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj_2022-61) It reported no growth in monthly users,[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) and indicated it expected revenue growth to stall.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj_2022-61) It also expected measures taken by [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") to protect user privacy to cost it some \$10 billion in advertisement revenue, an amount equal to roughly 8% of its revenue for 2021.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-63) In meeting with Meta staff the day after earnings were reported, Zuckerberg blamed competition for user attention, particularly from video-based apps such as [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok").[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-64)
The 27% reduction in the company's share price which occurred in reaction to the news eliminated some \$230 billion of value from Meta's [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News") described the decline as "an epic rout that, in its sheer scale, is unlike anything Wall Street or Silicon Valley has ever seen".[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) Zuckerberg's net worth fell by as much as \$31 billion.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-65) Zuckerberg owns 13% of Meta, and the holding makes up the bulk of his wealth.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-66)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-67)
According to published reports by *Bloomberg* on March 30, 2022, Meta turned over data such as phone numbers, physical addresses, and [IP addresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address "IP address") to hackers posing as law enforcement officials using forged documents. The law enforcement requests sometimes included [forged signatures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_forgery "Signature forgery") of real or fictional officials. When asked about the allegations, a Meta representative said, "We review every data request for legal sufficiency and use advanced systems and processes to validate law enforcement requests and detect abuse."[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-68) In June 2022, [Sheryl Sandberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg "Sheryl Sandberg"), the chief operating officer of 14 years, announced she would step down that year. Zuckerberg said that [Javier Olivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Olivan "Javier Olivan") would replace Sandberg, though in a “more traditional” role.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-69)
In March 2022, Meta (except Meta-owned [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp")) and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") were banned in Russia and added to the [Russian list of terrorist and extremist organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_list_of_terrorist_and_extremist_organizations "Russian list of terrorist and extremist organizations") for alleged [Russophobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russophobia "Russophobia") and [hate speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech "Hate speech") (up to [genocidal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide "Genocide") calls) amid the ongoing [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bbc-70) Meta appealed against the ban, but it was upheld by a [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow "Moscow") court in June of the same year.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bbc-70)
Also in March 2022, Meta and Italian eyewear giant [Luxottica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxottica "Luxottica") released [Ray-Ban Stories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories "Ray-Ban Stories"), a series of [smartglasses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartglasses "Smartglasses") which could play music and take pictures. Meta and Luxottica parent company [EssilorLuxottica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EssilorLuxottica "EssilorLuxottica") declined to disclose sales on the line of products as of September 2022, though Meta has expressed satisfaction with its customer feedback.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-73)
In July 2022, Meta saw its first year-on-year revenue decline when its total revenue slipped by 1% to \$28.8bn.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-74) Analysts and journalists accredited the loss to its advertising business, which has been limited by Apple's [app tracking transparency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier_for_Advertisers#App_Tracking_Transparency "Identifier for Advertisers") feature and the number of people who have opted not to be tracked by Meta apps. Zuckerberg also accredited the decline to increasing competition from TikTok.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-76)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-77) On October 27, 2022, Meta's market value dropped to \$268 billion, a loss of around \$700 billion compared to 2021, and its shares fell by 24%. It lost its spot among the top 20 US companies by market cap, despite reaching the top 5 in the previous year.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-78)
In November 2022, Meta laid off 11,000 employees, 13% of its workforce. Zuckerberg said the decision to aggressively increase Meta's investments had been a mistake, as he had wrongly predicted that the surge in e-commerce would last beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. He also attributed the decline to increased competition, a global economic downturn and "ads signal loss".[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-79) Plans to lay off a further 10,000 employees began in April 2023.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-80) The layoffs were part of a general downturn in the technology industry, alongside layoffs by companies including [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google"), [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [Tesla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc."), [Snap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_Inc. "Snap Inc."), [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter,_Inc. "Twitter, Inc.") and [Lyft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft "Lyft").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-82)
Starting from 2022, Meta scrambled to catch up to other tech companies in adopting specialized artificial intelligence hardware and software. It had been using less expensive [CPUs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit "Central processing unit") instead of [GPUs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit "Graphics processing unit") for AI work, but that approach turned out to be less efficient.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-83) The company gifted the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research \$1.3 million to finance the Social Media Archive's aim to make their data available to social science research.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-84)
### 2023: Threads, AI and all-time high stock value
In 2023, Ireland's [Data Protection Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Commissioner "Data Protection Commissioner") imposed a record EUR 1.2 billion fine on Meta for transferring data from Europe to the United States without adequate protections for EU citizens.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:Zhang-85): 250
In March 2023, Meta announced a new round of layoffs that would cut 10,000 employees and close 5,000 open positions to make the company more efficient.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-86) Meta revenue surpassed analyst expectations for the first quarter of 2023 after announcing that it was increasing its focus on AI.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-87) On July 6, Meta launched a new app, [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)"), a competitor to Twitter.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-88)
Meta announced its artificial intelligence model [Llama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama_\(language_model\) "Llama (language model)") 2 in July 2023, available for commercial use via partnerships with major cloud providers like Microsoft. It was the first project to be unveiled out of Meta's generative AI group after it was set up in February. It would not charge access or usage but instead operate with an open-source model to allow Meta to ascertain what improvements need to be made. Prior to this announcement, Meta said it had no plans to release Llama 2 for commercial use. An earlier version of Llama was released to academics.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-89)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-90)
In August 2023, Meta announced its permanent removal of news content from Facebook and Instagram in Canada due to the *[Online News Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_News_Act "Online News Act")*, which requires Canadian news outlets to be compensated for content shared on its platform. The Online News Act was in effect by year-end, but Meta will not participate in the regulatory process.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-91) In October 2023, Zuckerberg said that AI would be Meta's biggest investment area in 2024.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-92) Meta finished 2023 as one of the best-performing technology stocks of the year, with its share price up 150 percent.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-93) Its stock reached an all-time high in January 2024, bringing Meta within 2% of achieving \$1 trillion market capitalization.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-94)
In November 2023 Meta Platforms launched an ad-free service in [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe "Europe"), allowing subscribers to opt-out of [personal data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_data "Personal data") being collected for targeted advertising. A group of 28 European organizations, including Max Schrems' advocacy group [NOYB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOYB "NOYB"), the [Irish Council for Civil Liberties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Council_for_Civil_Liberties "Irish Council for Civil Liberties"), [Wikimedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation "Wikimedia Foundation") Europe, and the [Electronic Privacy Information Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Privacy_Information_Center "Electronic Privacy Information Center"), signed a 2024 letter to the [European Data Protection Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board "European Data Protection Board") (EDPB) expressing concern that this subscriber model would undermine privacy protections, specifically [GDPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation") data protection standards.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-95)
Meta removed the Facebook and Instagram accounts of Iran's Supreme Leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") in February 2024, citing repeated violations of its Dangerous Organizations & Individuals policy.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-96) As of March, Meta was under investigation by the FDA for alleged use of their social media platforms to sell illegal drugs.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-97) On 16 May 2024, the [European Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission "European Commission") began an investigation into Meta over concerns related to child safety.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-98)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-100)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-101)
In May 2023, Iraqi social media influencer Esaa Ahmed-Adnan encountered a troubling issue when Instagram removed his posts, citing false copyright violations despite his content being original and free from copyrighted material. He discovered that extortionists were behind these takedowns, offering to restore his content for \$3,000 or provide ongoing protection for \$1,000 per month. This scam, exploiting Meta’s rights management tools, became widespread in the Middle East, revealing a gap in Meta’s enforcement in developing regions. An Iraqi nonprofit Tech4Peace’s founder, Aws al-Saadi helped Ahmed-Adnan and others, but the restoration process was slow, leading to significant financial losses for many victims, including prominent figures like [Ammar al-Hakim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_al-Hakim "Ammar al-Hakim"). This situation highlighted Meta’s challenges in balancing global growth with effective content moderation and protection.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-102)
### 2024: Developments and controversies
On 16 September 2024, Meta announced it had banned Russian state media outlets from its platforms worldwide due to concerns about "foreign interference activity." This decision followed allegations that [RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_\(TV_network\) "RT (TV network)") and its employees funneled \$10 million through shell companies to secretly fund influence campaigns on various social media channels. Meta's actions were part of a broader effort to counter Russian covert influence operations, which had intensified since the invasion.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-103)
At its 2024 Connect conference, Meta presented Orion,[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-104) its first pair of [augmented reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality "Augmented reality") glasses. Though Orion was originally intended to be sold to consumers, the manufacturing process turned out to be too complex and expensive.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-105) Instead, the company pivoted to producing a small number of the glasses to be used internally.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-106)
On 4 October 2024, Meta announced about its new AI model called Movie Gen, capable of generating realistic video and audio clips based on user prompts. Meta stated it would not release Movie Gen for open development, preferring to collaborate directly with content creators and integrate it into its products by the following year. The model was built using a combination of licensed and publicly available datasets.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:10-107)
On October 31, 2024, *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")* published an investigation into deceptive political advertisement scams that sometimes use hundreds of hijacked profiles and facebook pages run by organized networks of scammers. The authors cited spotty enforcement by Meta as a major reason for the extent of the issue.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:11-108)
In November 2024, TechCrunch reported that Meta were considering building a \$10bn global underwater cable spanning 25,000 miles.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:12-109)
In the same month, Meta closed down 2 million accounts on Facebook and Instagram that were linked to scam centers in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines, and the United Arab Emirates doing [pig butchering scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_butchering_scam "Pig butchering scam").[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:13-110)
In December 2024, Meta announced that, beginning February 2025, they would require advertisers to run ads about financial services in Australia to verify information about who are the beneficiary and the payer in a bid to regulate scams.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:14-111)
On December 4, 2024, Meta announced it will invest US\$10 billion for its largest AI data center in northeast Louisiana, powered by natural gas facilities.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-techxplore051224-112)
On the 11th of that month, Meta experienced a global outage, impacting accounts on all of their social media and messaging applications. Outage reports from [DownDetector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downdetector "Downdetector") reached 70,000+ and 100,000+ within minutes for Instagram and Facebook, respectively.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:15-113)
### 2025: Policy shifts and AI investments
In January 2025, Meta announced plans to roll back its [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) initiatives, citing shifts in the "legal and policy landscape" in the United States following [the 2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"). The decision followed reports that CEO Mark Zuckerberg sought to align the company more closely with the [incoming Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), including changes to content moderation policies and executive leadership.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-114) The new content moderation policies continued to bar insults about a person's intellect or mental illness, but made an exception to allow calling [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ "LGBTQ") people mentally ill because they are gay or [transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender "Transgender").[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-115) Later that month, Meta agreed to pay \$25 million to settle a 2021 lawsuit brought by [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") for suspending his social media accounts after the [January 6 riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack").[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-116) Changes to Meta's moderation policies were controversial among its oversight board, with a significant divide in opinion between the board's US conservatives and its global members.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-117)
In June 2025, Meta Platforms Inc. has decided to make a multibillion-dollar investment into artificial intelligence startup [Scale AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_AI "Scale AI"). The financing could exceed \$10 billion in value which would make it one of the largest private company funding events of all time.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-118)
In October 2025, it was announced that Meta would be laying off 600 employees in the artificial intelligence unit to perform better and simpler. They referred to their AI unit as "bloated" and are seeking to trim down the department. This mass layoff is going to impact Meta’s AI infrastructure units, Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Research unit (FAIR) and other product-related positions.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-119)
In late 2025, Meta said that it would start remove images and videos containing nudity or explicit sexual activity, including when generated by AI for teen users on [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-120)
### 2026: Investments in AI
In February 2026, Meta announced a long-term partnership with Nvidia.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-121) According to an analysis by [Bridgewater Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater_Associates "Bridgewater Associates"), Meta, along with Amazon, Alphabet and Microsoft are expected to collectively invest about \$650 billion to scale up AI-related infrastructure in 2026.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-122)
As of March 2026, Meta is currently facing investigations in the United Kingdom and the United States related to its AI-enabled smart glasses. Regulators are examining how images and videos captured by the devices may be used in the development and improvement of artificial intelligence systems.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-123)
In March 2026, Meta agreed to allow AI rivals on WhatsApp for a year, in a bid to prevent a possible temporary order from EU antitrust regulators after complaints from competitors who were blocked from WhatsApp.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-124)
In March 2026, Meta signed an energy pledge at the White House which required it to bear the cost of new electricity generation to power their data centers.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-125)
In March 2026, Meta acquired [Moltbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook "Moltbook") a social network for AI bots, where AI agents interact with one another autonomously.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-126)
On 11 March 2026, Meta revealed a roadmap of four new chips that it is making in-house. The new chips are part of the company's Meta Training and Inference Accelerator program.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-127)
On March 31, 2026, Meta unveiled two new Ray-Ban smart glasses designed for prescription lenses, expanding its lineup of AI-enabled wearable devices.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-128)
## Mergers and acquisitions
For a more comprehensive list, see [List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms "List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms").
Meta has acquired multiple companies (often identified as [talent acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_acquisition "Talent acquisition")).[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-129) One of its first major acquisitions was in April 2012, when it acquired [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") for approximately US\$1 billion in cash and stock.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-130) In October 2013, Facebook, Inc. acquired [Onavo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onavo "Onavo"), an Israeli [mobile web analytics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_web_analytics "Mobile web analytics") company.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-131)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-132) In February 2014, Facebook, Inc. announced it would buy mobile messaging company [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") for US\$19 billion in cash and stock.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-134) The acquisition was completed on October 6.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-135) Later that year, Facebook bought [Oculus VR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_VR "Oculus VR") for \$2.3 billion in cash and stock,[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Kotaku_FB-136) which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016. In late November 2019, Facebook, Inc. announced the acquisition of the game developer Beat Games, responsible for developing one of that year's most popular VR games, *[Beat Saber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Saber "Beat Saber")*.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-137) In Late 2022, after Facebook Inc rebranded to Meta Platforms Inc, Oculus was rebranded to Meta Quest.
In May 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced it had acquired [Giphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giphy "Giphy") for a reported cash price of \$400 million. It will be integrated with the Instagram team.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-138) However, in August 2021, UK's [Competition and Markets Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority "Competition and Markets Authority") (CMA) stated that Facebook, Inc. might have to sell Giphy, after an investigation found that the deal between the two companies would harm competition in display advertising market.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-139) Facebook, Inc. was fined \$70 million by CMA for deliberately failing to report all information regarding the acquisition and the ongoing [antitrust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law "Competition law") investigation.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-140) In October 2022, the CMA ruled for a second time that Meta be required to divest Giphy, stating that Meta already controls half of the advertising in the UK. Meta agreed to the sale, though it stated that it disagrees with the decision itself.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-141) In May 2023, Giphy was divested to [Shutterstock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutterstock "Shutterstock") for \$53 million.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-shutterstock-142)
In November 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced that it planned to purchase the customer-service platform and chatbot specialist startup Kustomer to promote companies to use their platform for business. It has been reported that Kustomer valued at slightly over \$1 billion.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-143) The deal was closed in February 2022 after regulatory approval.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-144)
In September 2022, Meta acquired Lofelt, a Berlin-based [haptic tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology "Haptic technology") startup.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-145)
In December 2025, it was announced Meta had acquired the AI-wearables startup, Limitless.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-146) In the same month, they also acquired another AI startup, [Manus AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus_AI "Manus AI"), for \$2 billion.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj-147) Manus announced in December that its platform had achieved \$100mm in recurring revenue just 8 months after its launch and Meta said it will scale the platform to many other businesses.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-148) In January 2026, it was announced Meta proposed acquisition of Manus was undergoing preliminary scrutiny by Chinese regulators. The examination concerns the cross-border transfer of artificial intelligence technology developed in China.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-149)
## Lobbying
In 2020, Facebook, Inc. spent \$19.7 million on [lobbying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbying "Lobbying"), hiring 79 lobbyists. In 2019, it had spent \$16.7 million on lobbying and had a team of 71 lobbyists, up from \$12.6 million and 51 lobbyists in 2018.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-150) Facebook was the largest spender of lobbying money among the [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech#Big_Five "Big Tech") companies in 2020.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-151) The lobbying team includes top congressional aide John Branscome, who was hired in September 2021, to help the company fend off threats from Democratic lawmakers and the Biden administration.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-152)
In December 2024, Meta donated \$1 million to the inauguration fund for then-President-elect Donald Trump.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-153)
In 2025, Meta was listed among the donors funding the construction of the [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom").[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-154)
## Censorship
Further information: [Censorship by Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook "Censorship by Facebook")
In 2016 Meta hired [Jordana Cutler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordana_Cutler "Jordana Cutler"), formerly an employee at the Israeli Embassy to the United States, as its policy chief for Israel and the Jewish Diaspora. In this role, Cutler pushed for the censorship of accounts belonging to [Students for Justice in Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine "Students for Justice in Palestine") chapters in the United States. Critics have said that Cutler's position gives the Israeli government an undue influence over Meta policy, and that few countries have such high levels of contact with Meta policymakers.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-155)
In August 2024, [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") sent a letter to [Jim Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jordan "Jim Jordan") indicating that during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration "Biden administration") repeatedly asked Meta to limit certain COVID-19 content, including humor and satire, on [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-156)
Following the election of [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") in 2025, various sources noted possible censorship related to the [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") on Instagram and other Meta platforms.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-159) In February 2025, a Meta rep flagged journalist [Gil Duran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Duran "Gil Duran")'s article and other "critiques of tech industry figures" as spam or sensitive content, limiting their reach.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-160)
According to a 2025 complaint by whistleblower [Sarah Wynn-Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Wynn-Williams "Sarah Wynn-Williams"), Facebook created in 2014 a "China team" to develop a version of its services that would be allowed in China, a project internally code-named "Project Aldrin". The company allegedly created a custom censorship system and agreed to hire 300 content moderators to support it. In an email exchange, an employee of Facebook's privacy team wrote, "In exchange for the ability to establish operations in China, FB will agree to grant the Chinese government access to Chinese users’ data — including Hongkongese users’ data". According to Wynn-Williams, Facebook also restricted the account of [Guo Wengui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Wengui "Guo Wengui"), a Chinese businessman critical of the government, to foster cooperation with China. By 2019, Facebook had abandoned its ambitions in China, as trade tensions between the Trump administration and China escalated.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-161)
In March 2025, Meta attempted to block Sarah Wynn-Williams from promoting or further distributing her memoir, *[Careless People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careless_People "Careless People")*, that includes allegations of unaddressed [sexual harassment in the workplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_workplace_in_the_United_States "Sexual harassment in the workplace in the United States") by senior executives. *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reports that the arbitration is among Meta's most forcible attempts to repudiate a former employee's account of workplace dynamics.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-162) Publisher [Macmillan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers "Macmillan Publishers") reacted to the ruling by the Emergency International Arbitral Tribunal by stating that it will ignore its provisions.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-naughton-2025-163) As of 15 March 2025[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta_Platforms&action=edit), hardback and digital versions of *Careless People* were being offered for sale by major online retailers.
From October 2025, Meta began removing and restricting access for accounts related to LGBTQ, reproductive health and abortion information pages on its platforms. Martha Dimitratou, executive director of Repro Uncensored, called Meta's shadow-banning of these issues "One of the biggest waves of censorship we are seeing".[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-164)
## Disinformation concerns
Since its inception, Meta has been accused of being a host for fake news and misinformation.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-165) In the wake of the [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election"), Zuckerberg began to take steps to eliminate the prevalence of fake news, as the platform had been criticized for its potential influence on the outcome of the election.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-166) The company initially partnered with [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)"), the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"), [FactCheck.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FactCheck.org "FactCheck.org"), [Snopes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes "Snopes") and [PolitiFact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolitiFact "PolitiFact") for its [fact-checking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checking "Fact-checking") initiative;[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-167) as of 2018, it had over 40 fact-checking partners across the world, including *[The Weekly Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard "The Weekly Standard")*.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:g0-168)
A May 2017 review by *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* found that the platform's fact-checking initiatives of partnering with third-party fact-checkers and publicly flagging fake news were regularly ineffective, and appeared to be having minimal impact in some cases.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-169) In 2018, journalists working as fact-checkers for the company criticized the partnership, stating that it had produced minimal results and that the company had ignored their concerns.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:g0-168)
In 2024 Meta's decision to continue to disseminate a falsified video of [US president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), even after it had been proven to be fake, attracted criticism and concern.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-170)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-171)
### Misinformation and hate speech
In January 2025, Meta ended its use of third-party fact-checkers in favor of a user-run [community notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_notes "Community notes") system similar to the one used on X.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-172)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-173)
While Zuckerberg supported these changes, saying that the amount of censorship on the platform was excessive, the decision received criticism by fact-checking institutions, stating that the changes would make it more difficult for users to identify misinformation.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-174) Meta also faced criticism for weakening its policies on hate speech that were designed to protect minorities and LGBTQ+ individuals from bullying and discrimination.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-GLAAD-175)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Them-176)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-404Media-177) While moving its content review teams from California to Texas, Meta changed their hateful conduct policy to eliminate restrictions on anti-LGBT and anti-immigrant hate speech, as well as explicitly allowing users to accuse LGBT people of being mentally ill or abnormal based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-178)[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-179)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-180)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-181)
In January 2025, Meta faced significant criticism for its role in removing LGBTQ+ content from its platforms, amid its broader efforts to address anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech. The removal of LGBTQ+ themes was noted as part of the wider crackdown on content deemed to violate its community guidelines. Meta's content moderation policies, which were designed to combat harmful speech and protect users from discrimination, inadvertently led to the removal or restriction of LGBTQ+ content, particularly posts highlighting LGBTQ+ identities, support, or political issues. According to reports, LGBTQ+ posts, including those that simply celebrated pride or advocated for LGBTQ+ rights, were flagged and removed for reasons that some critics argue were vague or inconsistently applied. Many LGBTQ+ activists and users on Meta's platforms expressed concern that such actions stifled visibility and expression, potentially isolating LGBTQ+ individuals and communities, especially in spaces that were historically important for outreach and support.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-GLAAD-175)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-404Media-177)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Them-176)
In an April 2026 interview with [Outlook Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_Business "Outlook Business"), former Meta executive turned whistleblower Kerry Stonelake claimed that [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech") platforms such as Meta tended to prioritise scale over user safety in developing countries such as India, often treating them as "scale markets". This, according to Stonelake, amplified prevalent issues such as misinformation, harassment, political manipulation, and communal-violence.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-182)
## Lawsuits
Main articles: [Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms "Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms") and [Content moderation and working conditions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_moderation_and_working_conditions "Content moderation and working conditions")
Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the company, both when it was known as Facebook, Inc., and as Meta Platforms.
In March 2020, the Office of the [Australian Information Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Information_Commissioner "Australian Information Commissioner") (OAIC) sued Facebook, for significant and persistent infringements of the rule on privacy involving the [Cambridge Analytica fiasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal"). Every violation of the Privacy Act is subject to a theoretical cumulative liability of \$1.7 million. The OAIC estimated that a total of 311,127 Australians had been exposed.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-183)
On December 8, 2020, the U.S. [Federal Trade Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission "Federal Trade Commission") and 46 states (excluding Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and South Dakota), the [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") and the territory of [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam"), launched *[Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Facebook "Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook")* as an antitrust lawsuit against Facebook. The lawsuit concerns Facebook's acquisition of two competitors—[Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") and [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp")—and the ensuing monopolistic situation. FTC alleges that Facebook holds monopolistic power in the U.S. social networking market and seeks to force the company to divest from Instagram and WhatsApp to break up the conglomerate.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-184) [William Kovacic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kovacic "William Kovacic"), a former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, argued the case will be difficult to win as it would require the government to create a counterfactual argument of an internet where the Facebook-WhatsApp-Instagram entity did not exist, and prove that harmed competition or consumers.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-185) In November 2025, it was ruled that Meta did not violate antitrust laws and holds no monopoly in the market.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-186)
On December 24, 2021, a court in Russia fined Meta for \$27 million after the company declined to remove unspecified banned content. The fine was reportedly tied to the company's annual revenue in the country.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-187)
In May 2022, a lawsuit was filed in Kenya against Meta and its local outsourcing company [Sama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_\(company\) "Sama (company)"). Allegedly, Meta has poor working conditions in Kenya for [workers moderating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_moderation "Content moderation") Facebook posts. According to the lawsuit, 260 screeners were declared redundant with confusing reasoning. The lawsuit seeks financial compensation and an order that outsourced moderators be given the same health benefits and pay scale as Meta employees.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-188)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-189)
In June 2022, 8 lawsuits were filed across the U.S. over the allege that excessive exposure to platforms including Facebook and Instagram has led to attempted or actual suicides, eating disorders and sleeplessness, among other issues. The litigation follows a former Facebook employee's testimony in Congress that the company refused to take responsibility. The company noted that tools have been developed for parents to keep track of their children's activity on Instagram and set time limits, in addition to Meta's "Take a break" reminders. In addition, the company is providing resources specific to eating disorders as well as developing AI to prevent children under the age of 13 signing up for Facebook or Instagram.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-190)
In June 2022, Meta settled a lawsuit with the [US Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice"). The lawsuit, which was filed in 2019, alleged that the company enabled housing discrimination through targeted advertising, as it allowed homeowners and landlords to run housing ads excluding people based on sex, race, religion, and other characteristics. The U.S. Department of Justice stated that this was in violation of the [Fair Housing Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Housing_Act "Fair Housing Act"). Meta was handed a penalty of \$115,054 and given until December 31, 2022, to shadow the algorithm tool.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-191)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-192)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-193)
In January 2023, Meta was fined €390 million for violations of the European Union [General Data Protection Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-194)
In May 2023, the [European Data Protection Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board "European Data Protection Board") fined Meta a record €1.2 billion for breaching European Union data privacy laws by transferring personal data of Facebook users to servers in the U.S.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-195)
In July 2024, Meta agreed to pay the state of [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas "Texas") US\$1.4 billion to settle a lawsuit brought by Texas Attorney General [Ken Paxton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Paxton "Ken Paxton") accusing the company of collecting users' [biometric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics "Biometrics") data without consent, setting a record for the largest privacy-related settlement ever obtained by a state attorney general.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-196)
In October 2024, Meta Platforms faced lawsuits in Japan from 30 plaintiffs who claimed they were defrauded by fake investment ads on Facebook and Instagram, featuring false celebrity endorsements. The plaintiffs are seeking approximately \$2.8 million in damages.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-197)
In April 2025, the [Kenyan High Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_\(Kenya\) "High Court (Kenya)") ruled that a US\$2.4 billion lawsuit in which three plaintiffs claim that Facebook inflamed civil violence in [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia "Ethiopia") in 2021 could proceed.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-milmo-2025-198)
In April 2025, Meta was fined €200 million (\$230 million) for breaking the [Digital Markets Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Markets_Act "Digital Markets Act"), by imposing a “[consent or pay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consent_or_pay "Consent or pay")” system that forces users to either allow their personal data to be used to target advertisements, or pay a subscription fee for advertising-free versions of [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-199)
In late April 2025, a case was filed against Meta in Ghana over the alleged psychological distress experienced by content moderators employed to take down disturbing social media content including depictions of murders, extreme violence and child sexual abuse.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-200) Meta moved the moderation service to the Ghanaian capital of Accra after legal issues in the previous location Kenya. The new moderation company is Teleperformance, a multinational corporation with a history of worker's rights violation. Reports suggests the conditions are worse here than in the previous Kenyan location, with many workers afraid of speaking out due to fear of returning to conflict zones. Workers reported developing mental illnesses, attempted suicides, and low pay.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-201)
In January 2026, a New Mexico state court case was filed, suggesting that Mark Zuckerberg approved allowing minors to access artificial intelligence chatbot companions that safety staffers warned were capable of sexual interactions.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-202) In March 2026, a New Mexico jury found that Meta had harmed children’s mental health and safety and violated state law in the case. Meta was ordered to pay \$375 million in civil penalties.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-203)
In March 2026, a Los Angeles jury found Meta and YouTube liable in a civil lawsuit alleging their platforms contributed to a user's mental health harm.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-204)
### UReputation
In 2020,[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-205) the company UReputation, which had been involved in several cases concerning the management of digital armies\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\],[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-206) filed a lawsuit against Facebook, accusing it of unlawfully transmitting personal data to third parties. Legal actions were initiated in Tunisia, France, and the United States. In 2025, the United States District court for the Northern District of Georgia approved a discovery procedure, allowing UReputation to access documents and evidence held by Meta.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-207)[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-208)
## Structure
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Zuckerberg_\(7985185541\).jpg)
[Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), co-founder, chairman and CEO of Meta, in 2012
### Management
Meta's key management consists of:[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb-209)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-210)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), [chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman") and [chief executive officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")
- [Javier Olivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Olivan "Javier Olivan"), [chief operating officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_operating_officer "Chief operating officer")
- [Sir Nick Clegg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg "Nick Clegg"), president, global affairs
- Susan Li, [chief financial officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_financial_officer "Chief financial officer")
- [Andrew Bosworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth "Andrew Bosworth"), [chief technology officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_technology_officer "Chief technology officer")
- [David Wehner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wehner "David Wehner"), chief strategy officer
- [Chris Cox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Cox_\(Facebook\) "Chris Cox (Facebook)"), [chief product officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_product_officer "Chief product officer")
- [Jennifer Newstead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead "Jennifer Gillian Newstead"), [chief legal officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_legal_officer "Chief legal officer")
As of October 2022[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta_Platforms&action=edit), Meta had 83,553 employees worldwide.
### Board of directors
As of June 2024[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta_Platforms&action=edit), Meta's [board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_directors "Board of directors") consisted of the following directors;[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-211)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (chairman, co-founder, controlling shareholder, and chief executive officer)
- Peggy Alford (non-executive director, executive vice president, global sales, [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal"))
- [Marc Andreessen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen "Marc Andreessen") (non-executive director, co-founder and general partner, [Andreessen Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz "Andreessen Horowitz"))
- [Drew Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Houston "Drew Houston") (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_\(service\) "Dropbox (service)"))
- [Nancy Killefer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Killefer "Nancy Killefer") (non-executive director, senior partner, [McKinsey & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company "McKinsey & Company"))
- [Robert M. Kimmitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt "Robert M. Kimmitt") (non-executive director, senior international counsel, [WilmerHale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmer_Cutler_Pickering_Hale_and_Dorr "Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr"))
- Tracey Travis (non-executive director, executive vice president, chief financial officer, [Estée Lauder Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies "Estée Lauder Companies"))
- [Tony Xu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Xu "Tony Xu") (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, [DoorDash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoorDash "DoorDash"))
- [Hock Tan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hock_Tan "Hock Tan") (CEO of [Broadcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom "Broadcom")) [\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Vanian-212)
- [John D. Arnold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Arnold "John D. Arnold") (former [Enron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enron "Enron") executive) [\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Vanian-212)
- [Dana White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_White "Dana White") (non-executive director, president and CEO of [UFC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship "Ultimate Fighting Championship"))[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-213)
- [John Elkann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elkann "John Elkann") ([Stellantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis "Stellantis") chairman, and [Exor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exor_\(company\) "Exor (company)") CEO)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-214)
- Charlie Songhurst[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-215)
### Ownership
Meta Platforms is mainly owned by [institutional investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_investor "Institutional investor"), who hold around 80% of all shares.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-YahooFinance-216) Insiders control the majority of voting shares. The three largest individual investors in 2024 were Mark Zuckerberg, Sheryl Sandberg and Christopher K. Cox.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Investopedia-217)
The largest shareholders in late 2024/early 2025 were:[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-YahooFinance-216)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (13.5%)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Investopedia-217)
- [The Vanguard Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group "The Vanguard Group") (8.8%)
- [BlackRock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackRock "BlackRock") (7.66%)
- [Fidelity Investments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Investments "Fidelity Investments") (6.28%)
- [State Street Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Street_Corporation "State Street Corporation") (3.97%)
- [JPMorgan Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase "JPMorgan Chase") (2.38%)
- [Geode Capital Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geode_Capital_Management "Geode Capital Management") (2.27%)
- [T. Rowe Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Rowe_Price "T. Rowe Price") (1.95%)
- [Capital World Investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_World_Investors "Capital World Investors") (1.86%)
- [Capital Research Global Investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Research_%26_Management "Capital Research & Management") (1.7%)
- [Morgan Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley "Morgan Stanley") (1.66%)
### Company governance
[Roger McNamee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_McNamee "Roger McNamee"), an early Facebook investor and Zuckerberg's former mentor, said Facebook had "the most centralized decision-making structure I have ever encountered in a large company".[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-218)
Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes has stated that chief executive officer Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies. In an [op-ed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op-ed "Op-ed") in *The New York Times*, Hughes said he was concerned that Zuckerberg had surrounded himself with a team that did not challenge him, and that it is the U.S. government's job to hold him accountable and curb his "unchecked power".[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-219) He also said that "Mark's power is unprecedented and un-American."[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-220) Several U.S. politicians agreed with Hughes.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-221) European Union [Commissioner for Competition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Competition "European Commissioner for Competition") Margrethe Vestager stated that splitting Facebook should be done only as "a remedy of the very last resort", and that it would not solve Facebook's underlying problems.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-222)
## Revenue
| Year | Revenue \$ | Growth (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | \$0\.4[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | — |
| 2005 | 9[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 2150 |
| 2006 | 48[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 433 |
| 2007 | 153[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 219 |
| 2008 | 280[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-turns-down-224) | 83 |
| 2009 | 775[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-reported-225) | 177 |
| 2010 | 2,000[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-likely-226) | 158 |
| 2011 | 3,711[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-227) | 86 |
| 2012 | 5,089[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2013annual-228) | 37 |
| 2013 | 7,872[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2013annual-228) | 55 |
| 2014 | 12,466[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2014annual-229) | 58 |
| 2015 | 17,928[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2015annual-230) | 44 |
| 2016 | 27,638[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-AnnualReport2016-231) | 54 |
| 2017 | 40,653[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2017annuall-232) | 47 |
| 2018 | 55,838[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-autogenerated1-233) | 37 |
| 2019 | 70,697[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-autogenerated1-233) | 27 |
| 2020 | 85,965[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-234) | 22 |
| 2021 | 117,929[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-235) | 37 |
| 2022 | 116,609[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2022-236) | \-1 |
| 2023 | 134,902[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2023-237) | 16 |
| 2024 | 164,501[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2024-238) | 22 |
| 2025 | 200,966[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2025-7) | 22 |
Facebook ranked No. 34 in the 2020 [Fortune 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_500 "Fortune 500") list of the largest United States corporations by revenue, with almost \$86 billion in revenue[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-239) most of it coming from advertising.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-240)[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-241) One analysis of 2017 data determined that the company earned US\$20.21 per user from advertising.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-242)
According to [*New York*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_\(magazine\) "New York (magazine)"), since its rebranding, Meta has reportedly lost \$500 billion as a result of new privacy measures put in place by companies such as Apple and Google which prevents Meta from gathering users' data.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-243)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-244)
| Market | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| United States | \$59.7 bn. | 36\.3% |
| Europe | \$38.4 bn. | 23\.3% |
| Asia-Pacific (excl. China) | \$26.7 bn. | 16\.2% |
| China | \$18.4 bn. | 11\.2% |
| Rest of the World | \$17.9 bn. | 10\.9% |
| Canada | \$3.5 bn. | 2\.1% |
### Number of advertisers
In February 2015, [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") announced it had reached two million active advertisers, with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser was defined as an entity that had advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-246) In March 2016, Facebook announced it had reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the United States.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-247) Prices for advertising follow a variable pricing model based on auctioning ad placements, and potential engagement levels of the advertisement itself. Similar to other online advertising platforms like Google and Twitter, targeting of advertisements is one of the chief merits of digital advertising compared to [traditional media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Traditional_media "Advertising"). Marketing on Meta is employed through two methods based on the viewing habits, likes and shares, and purchasing data of the audience, namely targeted audiences and "look alike" audiences.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-248)
### Scam advertising
According to internal documents analyzed by *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*, Meta projected that 10% of its 2024 revenue (\$16 billion) would come from ads for scams and prohibited goods. Meta estimated that this represented 15 billion "higher risk" scam ads shown per day and that the company's platforms were involved in a third of all successful scams in the US. Rather than banning suspected scammers, Meta decided to charge them higher rates to reduce the profitability of scam campaigns. The company estimated that any regulatory fine would be significantly lower than the revenue from such ads, and an internal document states that the team responsible for vetting questionable advertisers wasn't allowed to take actions that would cost more than 0.15% of Meta's total revenue.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-249)
### Tax affairs
See also: [Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland § Multinational tax schemes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation_tax_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#Multinational_tax_schemes "Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland"), and [Double Irish arrangement § Effect of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement#Effect_of_Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act "Double Irish arrangement")
The U.S. IRS challenged the valuation Facebook used when it transferred IP from the U.S. to Facebook Ireland (now Meta Platforms Ireland) in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building its [double Irish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish "Double Irish") tax structure.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-250)[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-251) The case is ongoing and Meta faces a potential fine of \$3–5bn.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-252)
The U.S. [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017 "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017") changed Facebook's global tax calculations. Meta Platforms Ireland is subject to the U.S. GILTI tax of 10.5% on global intangible profits (i.e. Irish profits). On the basis that Meta Platforms Ireland Limited is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Meta Platforms Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if its Irish business relocated to the U.S. Tax relief in the U.S. (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective U.S. rate around 12%.[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-253)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-254)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-255)
The insignificance of the U.S./Irish tax difference was demonstrated when Facebook moved 1.5bn non-EU accounts to the U.S. to limit exposure to [GDPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPR "GDPR").[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-reuters-256)[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-257)
## Facilities
### Offices
Users outside of the U.S. and Canada contract with Meta's Irish subsidiary, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (formerly *Facebook Ireland Limited*), allowing Meta to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Meta is making use of the [Double Irish arrangement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement "Double Irish arrangement") which allows it to pay 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bloom2010-258) In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in [Hyderabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India "Hyderabad, India"), India,[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-259) which houses online advertising and developer support teams and provides support to users and advertisers.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-260) In India, Meta is registered as Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-261) It also has offices or planned sites in [Chittagong, Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong "Chittagong"); [Dublin, Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin "Dublin");[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-262) and [Austin, Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas "Austin, Texas"), among other cities.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-auto5-263)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-264)[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-265)
Facebook opened its London headquarters in 2017 in Fitzrovia in [central London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_London "Central London"). Facebook opened an office in [Cambridge, Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts "Cambridge, Massachusetts") in 2018. The offices were initially home to the "Connectivity Lab", a group focused on bringing Internet access to those who do not have access to the Internet.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-266) In April 2019, Facebook opened its [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan") headquarters in [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei "Taipei").[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-267)
In March 2022, Meta opened new regional headquarters in [Dubai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai "Dubai").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-268)
In September 2023, it was reported that Meta had paid £149m to [British Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Land "British Land") to break the lease on Triton Square London office. Meta reportedly had another 18 years left on its lease on the site.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-269)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_Platforms_Headquarters_Menlo_Park_California.jpg "Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in Menlo Park, California")
Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1601californiaavelobby.jpg "Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California")
Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the [Stanford Research Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Research_Park "Stanford Research Park"), [Palo Alto, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California "Palo Alto, California")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_the_Facebook_campus.jpg "Facebook headquarters in 2014")
Facebook headquarters in 2014
### Data centers
As of 2023, Facebook operated 21 data centers.[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-270) It committed to purchase 100% renewable energy and to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 75% by 2020.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-271) Its data center technologies include Fabric Aggregator, a distributed network system that accommodates larger regions and varied traffic patterns.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-272)
## Reception
Further information: [Criticism of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook"), [Privacy concerns with Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook "Privacy concerns with Facebook"), and [Censorship by Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_by_Facebook "Censorship by Facebook")
US Representative [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez") responded in a tweet to Zuckerberg's announcement about Meta, saying: "Meta as in 'we are a cancer to democracy metastasizing into a global surveillance and propaganda machine for boosting authoritarian regimes and destroying civil society ... for profit\!'"[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-273)
Ex-Facebook employee [Frances Haugen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen "Frances Haugen") and whistleblower behind the [Facebook Papers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Papers "Facebook Papers") responded to the rebranding efforts by expressing doubts about the company's ability to improve while led by [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), and urged the chief executive officer to resign.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-274)
In November 2021, a video published by Inspired by Iceland went viral, in which a Zuckerberg look-alike promoted the Icelandverse, a place of "enhanced actual reality without silly looking headsets".[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-275)
In a December 2021 interview, SpaceX and Tesla chief executive officer [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") said he could not see a compelling use-case for the VR-driven metaverse, adding: "I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day."[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-276)
In January 2022, Louise Eccles of *[The Sunday Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times")* logged into the metaverse with the intention of making a video guide. She wrote:
> Initially, my experience with the Oculus went well. I attended work meetings as an avatar and tried an exercise class set in the streets of Paris. The headset enabled me to feel the thrill of carving down mountains on a snowboard and the adrenaline rush of climbing a mountain without ropes. Yet switching to the social apps, where you mingle with strangers also using VR headsets, it was at times predatory and vile.
Eccles described being [sexually harassed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_harassed "Sexually harassed") by another user, as well as "accents from all over the world, American, Indian, English, Australian, using racist, sexist, homophobic and transphobic language". She also encountered users as young as 7 years old on the platform, despite Oculus headsets being intended for users over 13.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-277)
## See also
- [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech") – Largest and most influential technology companies in the world
- [Criticism of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook")
- [Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") – 2010s social media data misuse
- [2021 Facebook leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") – Internal document leak
- [Meta AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_AI "Meta AI") – Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
- [*The Social Network*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Network "The Social Network") – 2010 film by David Fincher
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Eccles, Louise (January 22, 2022). ["My journey into the metaverse — already a home to sex predators"](https://www.thetimes.com/uk/social-media/article/my-journey-into-the-metaverse-already-a-home-to-sex-predators-sdkms5nd3). *[The Sunday Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times")*. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0140-0460](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-0460). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220123081154/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-journey-into-the-metaverse-already-a-home-to-sex-predators-sdkms5nd3) from the original on January 23, 2022. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
## External links
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Meta Platforms, Inc.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meta_Platforms,_Inc. "commons:Category:Meta Platforms, Inc.").
- [Official website](https://www.meta.com/) [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380#P856 "Edit this at Wikidata")
- [Meta Platforms](https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000033563) on [OpenSecrets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSecrets "OpenSecrets"), a website that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380#P4691 "Edit this at Wikidata")
- [Meta Platforms companies](https://opencorporates.com/corporate_groupings/Meta%20Platforms) grouped at [OpenCorporates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenCorporates "OpenCorporates")
- Business data for Meta Platforms, Inc.:
- [Google](https://www.google.com/finance/quote/META:NASDAQ)
- [Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/META.O)
- [SEC filings](https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=1326801)
- [Yahoo\!](https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/META)
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Meta_Platforms "Template:Meta Platforms") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Meta_Platforms "Template talk:Meta Platforms") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meta_Platforms "Special:EditPage/Template:Meta Platforms")[Meta Platforms]() | |
|---|---|
| Products, services | |
| | |
| [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") | [Features](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features "List of Facebook features") [Bluetooth Beacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Bluetooth_Beacon "Facebook Bluetooth Beacon") [Dating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Dating "Facebook Dating") [Feed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_\(Facebook\) "Feed (Facebook)") [EdgeRank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdgeRank "EdgeRank") [Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Reels "Facebook Reels") [Gaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Facebook_Gaming "List of Facebook features") [Graph Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Graph_Search "Facebook Graph Search") [Instant Articles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Instant_Articles "Facebook Instant Articles") [Like button](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_like_button "Facebook like button") [Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_features#Live_streaming "List of Facebook features") [Lookalike audience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookalike_audience "Lookalike audience") [Onion address](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_onion_address "Facebook onion address") [Platform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Platform "Facebook Platform") [Connect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Platform#Facebook_Connect "Facebook Platform") [Safety Check](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Safety_Check "Facebook Safety Check") [Stories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Stories "Facebook Stories") [Watch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Watch "Facebook Watch") [list of original programs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Facebook_Watch_original_programming "List of Facebook Watch original programming") [Zero](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Zero "Facebook Zero") |
| [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") | [Hyperlapse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperlapse_\(application\) "Hyperlapse (application)") [IGTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGTV "IGTV") [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)") |
| Hardware | [Portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Portal "Meta Portal") [Meta Quest](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Quest "Meta Quest") [Quest 1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Quest "Oculus Quest") [Quest 2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_2 "Quest 2") [Quest 3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Quest_3 "Meta Quest 3") [Pro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Quest_Pro "Meta Quest Pro") [Touch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Touch "Oculus Touch") [Ray-Ban Meta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray-Ban_Meta "Ray-Ban Meta") |
| Other | [Express Wi-Fi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_Wi-Fi "Express Wi-Fi") [Free Basics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet.org "Internet.org") [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger "Facebook Messenger") [Kids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_Kids "Messenger Kids") [Rooms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger#Messenger_Rooms "Facebook Messenger") [Mapillary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapillary "Mapillary") [Meta AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_AI "Meta AI") [Meta Horizon OS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Horizon_OS "Meta Horizon OS") [Meta Superintelligence Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Superintelligence_Labs "Meta Superintelligence Labs") [Moltbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook "Moltbook") [Supernatural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Within_\(company\) "Within (company)") [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") [Workplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workplace_\(software\) "Workplace (software)") |
| Former | [Atlas Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas_Solutions "Atlas Solutions") [Credits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Credits "Facebook Credits") [FriendFeed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FriendFeed "FriendFeed") [Giphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giphy "Giphy") [Facebook Beacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Beacon "Facebook Beacon") [Facebook Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Home "Facebook Home") [HTC First](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_First "HTC First") [M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M_\(virtual_assistant\) "M (virtual assistant)") [Oculus Go](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Go "Oculus Go") [Oculus Rift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Rift "Oculus Rift") [CV1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Rift_CV1 "Oculus Rift CV1") [S](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S "Oculus Rift S") [Onavo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onavo "Onavo") [Paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Paper "Facebook Paper") [Slingshot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Slingshot "Facebook Slingshot") [tbh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tbh_\(app\) "Tbh (app)") [Wirehog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehog "Wirehog") |
| People | |
| | |
| Founders | [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (28% equity) [Dustin Moskovitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz "Dustin Moskovitz") (7%) [Eduardo Saverin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin "Eduardo Saverin") (*5%, formerly*) [Chris Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hughes "Chris Hughes") (*1%, formerly*) [Andrew McCollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_McCollum "Andrew McCollum") |
| Board | |
| | |
| Current | [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") [Marc Andreessen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen "Marc Andreessen") [John D. Arnold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Arnold "John D. Arnold") [Patrick Collison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Collison "Patrick Collison") [John Elkann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elkann "John Elkann") [Drew Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Houston "Drew Houston") [Nancy Killefer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Killefer "Nancy Killefer") [Robert M. Kimmitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt "Robert M. Kimmitt") [Dina Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Powell "Dina Powell") [Hock Tan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hock_Tan "Hock Tan") [Dana White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_White "Dana White") [Tony Xu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Xu "Tony Xu") |
| Former | [Sheryl Sandberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg "Sheryl Sandberg") [Peter Thiel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Thiel "Peter Thiel") |
| Executive officers | |
| | |
| Current | [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (Chairman and CEO) [Javier Olivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Olivan "Javier Olivan") (COO) [Andrew Bosworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth "Andrew Bosworth") (CTO) [Chris Cox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Cox_\(manager\) "Chris Cox (manager)") (CPO) [Joel Kaplan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Kaplan "Joel Kaplan") (Chief Global Affairs Officer) [Jennifer Newstead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead "Jennifer Gillian Newstead") (Chief Legal Officer) [Alexandr Wang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandr_Wang "Alexandr Wang") (Chief AI Officer) [David Wehner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wehner "David Wehner") (Chief Strategy Officer) |
| Former | [Sean Parker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Parker "Sean Parker") (*4%, formerly*) [Owen Van Natta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Van_Natta "Owen Van Natta") [Gideon Yu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Yu "Gideon Yu") [Adam D'Angelo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_D%27Angelo "Adam D'Angelo") [Nick Clegg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg "Nick Clegg") [Chris Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Kelly_\(entrepreneur\) "Chris Kelly (entrepreneur)") [Bret Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Taylor "Bret Taylor") [Sheryl Sandberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg "Sheryl Sandberg") [Mike Schroepfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Schroepfer "Mike Schroepfer") [David Ebersman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ebersman "David Ebersman") [Marne Levine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marne_Levine "Marne Levine") [Alex Stamos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Stamos "Alex Stamos") |
| [Oversight Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oversight_Board_\(Meta\) "Oversight Board (Meta)") | |
| | |
| Members | [Catalina Botero Marino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalina_Botero_Marino "Catalina Botero Marino"), Co-Chair (2020–) [Jamal Greene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal_Greene "Jamal Greene"), Co-Chair (2020–) [Michael W. McConnell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_W._McConnell "Michael W. McConnell"), Co-Chair (2020–) [Helle Thorning-Schmidt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt "Helle Thorning-Schmidt"), Co-Chair (2020–) [Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afia_Asantewaa_Asare-Kyei "Afia Asantewaa Asare-Kyei") (2020–) [Evelyn Aswad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Aswad "Evelyn Aswad") (2020–) [Endy Bayuni](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endy_Bayuni "Endy Bayuni") (2020–) [Katherine Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Chen "Katherine Chen") (2020–) [Nighat Dad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nighat_Dad "Nighat Dad") (2020–) [Tawakkol Karman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakkol_Karman "Tawakkol Karman") (2020–) [Maina Kiai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maina_Kiai "Maina Kiai") (2020–) [Sudhir Krishnaswamy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudhir_Krishnaswamy "Sudhir Krishnaswamy") (2020–) [Ronaldo Lemos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronaldo_Lemos "Ronaldo Lemos") (2020–) [Julie Owono](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Owono "Julie Owono") (2020–) [Emi Palmor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emi_Palmor "Emi Palmor") (2020–) [Alan Rusbridger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger "Alan Rusbridger") (2020–) [András Sajó](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A1s_Saj%C3%B3 "András Sajó") (2020–) [John Samples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Samples "John Samples") (2020–) [Nicolas Suzor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Suzor "Nicolas Suzor") (2020–) [Suzanne Nossel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Nossel "Suzanne Nossel") (2021–) Khaled Mansour (2022–) Pamela San Martin (2022–) Paolo Carozza (2022–) [Kenji Yoshino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenji_Yoshino "Kenji Yoshino") (2023–) |
| Board of Trustees | [Stephen Neal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Neal_\(lawyer\) "Stephen Neal (lawyer)"), Chair (2021–) Kristina Arriaga (2020–) Cherine Chalaby (2020–) Wanda Felton (2020–) [Kate O'Regan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_O%27Regan "Kate O'Regan") (2020–) [Robert Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Post_\(law_professor\) "Robert Post (law professor)") (2020–) |
| Former members | [Pamela S. Karlan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela_S._Karlan "Pamela S. Karlan") (Board Member, 2020–2021) [Paul G. Haaga Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_G._Haaga_Jr. "Paul G. Haaga Jr.") (Board of Trustees Chair, 2020–2021) |
| Notable employees | |
| | |
| Current | [Lars Rasmussen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_\(software_developer\) "Lars Rasmussen (software developer)") (Graph Search director) [Naomi Gleit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naomi_Gleit "Naomi Gleit") (head of product) [Nicola Mendelsohn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicola_Mendelsohn "Nicola Mendelsohn") (head of Global Business Group) [Adam Mosseri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Mosseri "Adam Mosseri") (head of Instagram) [Thomas Reardon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Reardon "Thomas Reardon") ([Reality Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs "Reality Labs") director) |
| Former | [Blake Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blake_Ross "Blake Ross") (Director of Product) [Ted Ullyot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Ullyot "Ted Ullyot") (VP, General Counsel, and Secretary) [Hugo Barra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Barra "Hugo Barra") (VP of [Reality Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs "Reality Labs")) [John Carmack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carmack "John Carmack") (CTO of [Reality Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs "Reality Labs")) [Matt Cohler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Cohler "Matt Cohler") [Charlie Cheever](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Cheever "Charlie Cheever") [Randi Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randi_Zuckerberg "Randi Zuckerberg") [Yishan Wong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yishan_Wong "Yishan Wong") [George Hotz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Hotz "George Hotz") [Joe Lockhart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Lockhart "Joe Lockhart") [Andrei Alexandrescu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Alexandrescu "Andrei Alexandrescu") (research scientist) [Chamath Palihapitiya](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamath_Palihapitiya "Chamath Palihapitiya") (VP of User Growth) [Elliot Schrage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Schrage "Elliot Schrage") (VP of Global Communications, Marketing and Public Policy) [Frances Haugen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen "Frances Haugen") (Product Manager of Civic Integrity Team) |
| Open source | [Apache Cassandra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Cassandra "Apache Cassandra") [Apache Hive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hive "Apache Hive") [Apache Thrift](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Thrift "Apache Thrift") [Buck](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck_\(software\) "Buck (software)") [FQL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Query_Language "Facebook Query Language") [Hack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hack_\(programming_language\) "Hack (programming language)") [HHVM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHVM "HHVM") [HipHop for PHP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HipHop_for_PHP "HipHop for PHP") [Infer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infer_Static_Analyzer "Infer Static Analyzer") [MyRocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyRocks "MyRocks") [Open Compute Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Compute_Project "Open Compute Project") [Phabricator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phabricator "Phabricator") [React](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/React_\(software\) "React (software)") [React Native](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/React_Native "React Native") [RocksDB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RocksDB "RocksDB") [Scribe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribe_\(log_server\) "Scribe (log server)") [Telecom Infra Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecom_Infra_Project "Telecom Infra Project") [Tornado](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado_\(web_server\) "Tornado (web server)") |
| Mass media | *[The Facebook Effect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Facebook_Effect "The Facebook Effect")* *[The Accidental Billionaires](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Accidental_Billionaires "The Accidental Billionaires")* *[The Social Network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Network "The Social Network")* *[The Great Hack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Hack "The Great Hack")* *[Careless People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careless_People "Careless People")* *[Instagram (Dean song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram_\(Dean_song\) "Instagram (Dean song)")* |
| Concepts | [Influencer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influencer "Influencer") [Activity stream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_stream "Activity stream") [Social graph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_graph "Social graph") [Friending and following](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friending_and_following "Friending and following") [Reblogging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reblogging "Reblogging") [Fan-gating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan-gating "Fan-gating") [Facebook diplomacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_diplomacy#Facebook_diplomacy "Digital diplomacy") [Instapoetry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instapoetry "Instapoetry") [Model (person)\#Instagram model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_\(person\)#Instagram_model "Model (person)") [Filter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_\(social_media\) "Filter (social media)") [Instagram face](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram_face "Instagram face") |
| Business | [History of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Facebook "History of Facebook") [IPO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering_of_Facebook "Initial public offering of Facebook") [Timeline of Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Instagram "Timeline of Instagram") [\#Graduation2020](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduation2020 "Graduation2020") [Timeline of WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_WhatsApp "Timeline of WhatsApp") [Acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Meta_Platforms "List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms") [f8 conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_F8 "Facebook F8") [Censorship](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_of_Facebook "Censorship of Facebook") [Criticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook") [Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") [2020 ad boycotts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Facebook_ad_boycotts "2020 Facebook ad boycotts") [2021 company files leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") [Privacy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_concerns_with_Facebook "Privacy concerns with Facebook") [Content management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_content_management_controversies "Facebook content management controversies") [Problematic social media use](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problematic_social_media_use "Problematic social media use") [Litigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Meta_Platforms "Lawsuits involving Meta Platforms") *[Young v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Young v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2011) *[Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraley_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Fraley v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2016) *[Force v. Facebook, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_v._Facebook,_Inc. "Force v. Facebook, Inc.")* (2019) *[Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook,_Inc._v._Duguid "Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid")* (2021) *[Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Meta_Platforms,_Inc. "Federal Trade Commission v. Meta Platforms, Inc.")* (ongoing) [Unions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_and_unions "Meta and unions") |
| Lists | [Most-followed Facebook pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Facebook_pages "List of most-followed Facebook pages") [most-followed Instagram accounts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Instagram_accounts "List of most-followed Instagram accounts") [most-liked Instagram posts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-liked_Instagram_posts "List of most-liked Instagram posts") |
| Related | [Priscilla Chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscilla_Chan "Priscilla Chan") (wife of Mark Zuckerberg) [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative "Chan Zuckerberg Initiative") [Aquila Internet relay drone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Aquila "Facebook Aquila") [Willow Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_Village "Willow Village") [WaveGroup Sound](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaveGroup_Sound "WaveGroup Sound") [2021 Facebook outage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_outage "2021 Facebook outage") [Instagram tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram_tourism "Instagram tourism") *[The Social Reckoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Reckoning "The Social Reckoning")* |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nasdaq-100 "Template:Nasdaq-100") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nasdaq-100 "Template talk:Nasdaq-100") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100 "Special:EditPage/Template:Nasdaq-100")Companies of the [Nasdaq-100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq-100 "Nasdaq-100") index |
|---|
| [Adobe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Inc. "Adobe Inc.") [ADP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP_\(company\) "ADP (company)") [AMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD "AMD") [Airbnb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbnb "Airbnb") [Alnylam Pharmaceuticals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alnylam_Pharmaceuticals "Alnylam Pharmaceuticals") [Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_Inc. "Alphabet Inc.") [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") [AEP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Electric_Power "American Electric Power") [Amgen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amgen "Amgen") [Analog Devices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Devices "Analog Devices") [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Applied Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Materials "Applied Materials") [AppLovin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppLovin "AppLovin") [Arm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm_Holdings "Arm Holdings") [ASML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASML_Holding "ASML Holding") [Atlassian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlassian "Atlassian") [Autodesk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk "Autodesk") [Axon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Enterprise "Axon Enterprise") [Baker Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Hughes "Baker Hughes") [Booking Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booking_Holdings "Booking Holdings") [Broadcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom "Broadcom") [Cadence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems "Cadence Design Systems") [Charter Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_Communications "Charter Communications") [Cintas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cintas "Cintas") [Cisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco "Cisco") [Coca-Cola Europacific Partners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola_Europacific_Partners "Coca-Cola Europacific Partners") [Cognizant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizant "Cognizant") [Comcast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast "Comcast") [Constellation Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_Energy "Constellation Energy") [Copart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copart "Copart") [CoStar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoStar_Group "CoStar Group") [Costco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costco "Costco") [CrowdStrike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrowdStrike "CrowdStrike") [CSX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSX_Corporation "CSX Corporation") [Datadog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datadog "Datadog") [Dexcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexcom "Dexcom") [Diamondback Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondback_Energy "Diamondback Energy") [DoorDash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoorDash "DoorDash") [Electronic Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Arts "Electronic Arts") [Exelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exelon "Exelon") [Fastenal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastenal "Fastenal") [Ferrovial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrovial "Ferrovial") [Fortinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortinet "Fortinet") [GE HealthCare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_HealthCare "GE HealthCare") [Gilead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilead_Sciences "Gilead Sciences") [Honeywell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell "Honeywell") [Idexx Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories "Idexx Laboratories") [Insmed](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insmed&action=edit&redlink=1 "Insmed (page does not exist)") [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel") [Intuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuit "Intuit") [Intuitive Surgical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical "Intuitive Surgical") [Keurig Dr Pepper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper "Keurig Dr Pepper") [KLA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLA_Corporation "KLA Corporation") [Kraft Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Heinz "Kraft Heinz") [Lam Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam_Research "Lam Research") [Linde](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linde_plc "Linde plc") [Marriott International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_International "Marriott International") [Marvell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvell_Technology "Marvell Technology") [Mercado Libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_Libre "Mercado Libre") [Meta]() [Microchip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microchip_Technology "Microchip Technology") [Micron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Technology "Micron Technology") [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") [MicroStrategy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroStrategy "MicroStrategy") [Mondelez International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondelez_International "Mondelez International") [Monolithic Power Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_Power_Systems "Monolithic Power Systems") [Monster Beverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Beverage "Monster Beverage") [Netflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix,_Inc. "Netflix, Inc.") [Nvidia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia "Nvidia") [NXP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors "NXP Semiconductors") [O'Reilly Auto Parts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts "O'Reilly Auto Parts") [Old Dominion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line "Old Dominion Freight Line") [Paccar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paccar "Paccar") [Palantir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palantir "Palantir") [Palo Alto Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks "Palo Alto Networks") [Paychex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paychex "Paychex") [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal") [PDD Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinduoduo "Pinduoduo") [PepsiCo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PepsiCo "PepsiCo") [Qualcomm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm "Qualcomm") [Regeneron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals") [Roper Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roper_Technologies "Roper Technologies") [Ross Stores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Stores "Ross Stores") [Seagate Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology") [Shopify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopify "Shopify") [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") [Synopsys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synopsys "Synopsys") [Take-Two Interactive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive "Take-Two Interactive") [T-Mobile US](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile_US "T-Mobile US") [Tesla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc.") [Texas Instruments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments "Texas Instruments") [Thomson Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson_Reuters "Thomson Reuters") [Verisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisk_Analytics "Verisk Analytics") [Vertex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals "Vertex Pharmaceuticals") [Walmart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmart "Walmart") [Warner Bros. Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery "Warner Bros. Discovery") [Western Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital "Western Digital") [Workday](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workday,_Inc. "Workday, Inc.") [Xcel Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcel_Energy "Xcel Energy") [Zscaler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zscaler "Zscaler") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:S%26P_500_companies "Template:S&P 500 companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:S%26P_500_companies "Template talk:S&P 500 companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:S%26P_500_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:S&P 500 companies")[S\&P 500 companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_S%26P_500_companies "List of S&P 500 companies") | |
|---|---|
| Energy | [APA Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_Corporation "APA Corporation") [Baker Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Hughes "Baker Hughes") [Chevron Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron_Corporation "Chevron Corporation") [ConocoPhillips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConocoPhillips "ConocoPhillips") [Coterra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coterra "Coterra") [Devon Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon_Energy "Devon Energy") [Diamondback Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamondback_Energy "Diamondback Energy") [EOG Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EOG_Resources "EOG Resources") [EQT Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQT_Corporation "EQT Corporation") [Expand Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expand_Energy "Expand Energy") [ExxonMobil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExxonMobil "ExxonMobil") [Halliburton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halliburton "Halliburton") [Kinder Morgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinder_Morgan "Kinder Morgan") [Marathon Petroleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon_Petroleum "Marathon Petroleum") [Occidental Petroleum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occidental_Petroleum "Occidental Petroleum") [Oneok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oneok "Oneok") [Phillips 66](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_66 "Phillips 66") [SLB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLB "SLB") [Targa Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targa_Resources "Targa Resources") [Texas Pacific Land Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Pacific_Land_Corporation "Texas Pacific Land Corporation") [Valero Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valero_Energy "Valero Energy") [Williams Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams_Companies "Williams Companies") |
| Materials | [Air Products](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Products "Air Products") [Albemarle Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albemarle_Corporation "Albemarle Corporation") [Amcor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amcor "Amcor") [Avery Dennison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avery_Dennison "Avery Dennison") [Ball Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_Corporation "Ball Corporation") [CF Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CF_Industries "CF Industries") [Corteva](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corteva "Corteva") [CRH plc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRH_plc "CRH plc") [Dow Chemical Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company "Dow Chemical Company") [DuPont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont "DuPont") [Ecolab](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolab "Ecolab") [Freeport-McMoRan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeport-McMoRan "Freeport-McMoRan") [International Flavors & Fragrances](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Flavors_%26_Fragrances "International Flavors & Fragrances") [International Paper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Paper "International Paper") [Linde plc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linde_plc "Linde plc") [LyondellBasell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LyondellBasell "LyondellBasell") [Martin Marietta Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Marietta_Materials "Martin Marietta Materials") [Newmont](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmont "Newmont") [Nucor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucor "Nucor") [Packaging Corporation of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packaging_Corporation_of_America "Packaging Corporation of America") [PPG Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPG_Industries "PPG Industries") [Sherwin-Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwin-Williams "Sherwin-Williams") [Smurfit Westrock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smurfit_Westrock "Smurfit Westrock") [Steel Dynamics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_Dynamics "Steel Dynamics") [Vulcan Materials Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_Materials_Company "Vulcan Materials Company") |
| Industrials | [3M](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3M "3M") [A. O. Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._O._Smith "A. O. Smith") [Allegion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegion "Allegion") [Ametek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ametek "Ametek") [Automatic Data Processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP_\(company\) "ADP (company)") [Axon Enterprise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_Enterprise "Axon Enterprise") [Boeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing "Boeing") [Broadridge Financial Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadridge_Financial_Solutions "Broadridge Financial Solutions") [Builders FirstSource](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builders_FirstSource "Builders FirstSource") [C.H. Robinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.H._Robinson "C.H. Robinson") [Carrier Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Global "Carrier Global") [Caterpillar Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc. "Caterpillar Inc.") [Cintas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cintas "Cintas") [Comfort Systems USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comfort_Systems_USA "Comfort Systems USA") [Copart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copart "Copart") [CSX Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSX_Corporation "CSX Corporation") [Cummins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummins "Cummins") [Deere & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Deere "John Deere") [Delta Air Lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines "Delta Air Lines") [Dover Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover_Corporation "Dover Corporation") [Eaton Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaton_Corporation "Eaton Corporation") [Emcor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emcor "Emcor") [Emerson Electric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerson_Electric "Emerson Electric") [Equifax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equifax "Equifax") [Expeditors International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expeditors_International "Expeditors International") [Fastenal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastenal "Fastenal") [FedEx](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FedEx "FedEx") [Fortive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortive "Fortive") [GE Aerospace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Aerospace "GE Aerospace") [GE Vernova](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_Vernova "GE Vernova") [Generac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generac "Generac") [General Dynamics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Dynamics "General Dynamics") [Honeywell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell "Honeywell") [Howmet Aerospace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howmet_Aerospace "Howmet Aerospace") [Hubbell Incorporated](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubbell_Incorporated "Hubbell Incorporated") [Huntington Ingalls Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington_Ingalls_Industries "Huntington Ingalls Industries") [IDEX Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEX_Corporation "IDEX Corporation") [Illinois Tool Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Tool_Works "Illinois Tool Works") [Ingersoll Rand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand "Ingersoll Rand") [J. B. Hunt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._Hunt "J. B. Hunt") [Jacobs Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobs_Solutions "Jacobs Solutions") [Johnson Controls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_Controls "Johnson Controls") [L3Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L3Harris "L3Harris") [Leidos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidos "Leidos") [Lennox International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennox_International "Lennox International") [Lockheed Martin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin "Lockheed Martin") [Masco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masco "Masco") [Nordson Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordson_Corporation "Nordson Corporation") [Norfolk Southern Railway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway "Norfolk Southern Railway") [Northrop Grumman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Grumman "Northrop Grumman") [Old Dominion Freight Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line "Old Dominion Freight Line") [Otis Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_Worldwide "Otis Worldwide") [Paccar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paccar "Paccar") [Parker Hannifin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parker_Hannifin "Parker Hannifin") [Paychex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paychex "Paychex") [Pentair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentair "Pentair") [Quanta Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quanta_Services "Quanta Services") [RTX Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTX_Corporation "RTX Corporation") [Republic Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Services "Republic Services") [Rockwell Automation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockwell_Automation "Rockwell Automation") [Rollins, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollins,_Inc. "Rollins, Inc.") [Snap-on](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap-on "Snap-on") [Southwest Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwest_Airlines "Southwest Airlines") [Stanley Black & Decker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Black_%26_Decker "Stanley Black & Decker") [Textron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textron "Textron") [Trane Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trane_Technologies "Trane Technologies") [TransDigm Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransDigm_Group "TransDigm Group") [Uber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber "Uber") [Union Pacific Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Pacific_Corporation "Union Pacific Corporation") [United Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines "United Airlines") [United Parcel Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Parcel_Service "United Parcel Service") [United Rentals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Rentals "United Rentals") [Veralto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veralto "Veralto") [Verisk Analytics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisk_Analytics "Verisk Analytics") [Vertiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertiv "Vertiv") [W. W. Grainger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._W._Grainger "W. W. Grainger") [Wabtec](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wabtec "Wabtec") [Waste Management, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Management,_Inc. "Waste Management, Inc.") [Xylem Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem_Inc. "Xylem Inc.") |
| Consumer discretionary | [Airbnb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbnb "Airbnb") [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") [Aptiv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptiv "Aptiv") [AutoZone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoZone "AutoZone") [Best Buy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_Buy "Best Buy") [Booking Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booking_Holdings "Booking Holdings") [Carnival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnival_Corporation_%26_plc "Carnival Corporation & plc") [Carvana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carvana "Carvana") [Chipotle Mexican Grill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipotle_Mexican_Grill "Chipotle Mexican Grill") [Darden Restaurants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darden_Restaurants "Darden Restaurants") [Deckers Brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deckers_Brands "Deckers Brands") [Domino's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino%27s "Domino's") [DoorDash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoorDash "DoorDash") [D. R. Horton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._R._Horton "D. R. Horton") [eBay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay "EBay") [Expedia Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedia_Group "Expedia Group") [Ford Motor Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company "Ford Motor Company") [Garmin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmin "Garmin") [General Motors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors "General Motors") [Genuine Parts Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_Parts_Company "Genuine Parts Company") [Hasbro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasbro "Hasbro") [Hilton Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide "Hilton Worldwide") [Home Depot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Depot "Home Depot") [Las Vegas Sands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Vegas_Sands "Las Vegas Sands") [Lennar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennar "Lennar") [Lowe's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowe%27s "Lowe's") [Lululemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lululemon "Lululemon") [Marriott International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_International "Marriott International") [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's") [MGM Resorts International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM_Resorts_International "MGM Resorts International") [Nike, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc. "Nike, Inc.") [Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Cruise_Line_Holdings "Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings") [NVR, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVR,_Inc. "NVR, Inc.") [O'Reilly Auto Parts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts "O'Reilly Auto Parts") [Pool Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_Corporation "Pool Corporation") [PulteGroup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulteGroup "PulteGroup") [Ralph Lauren Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Lauren_Corporation "Ralph Lauren Corporation") [Ross Stores](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Stores "Ross Stores") [Royal Caribbean Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Caribbean_Group "Royal Caribbean Group") [Starbucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starbucks "Starbucks") [Tapestry, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapestry,_Inc. "Tapestry, Inc.") [Tesla, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc.") [TJX](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TJX "TJX") [Tractor Supply Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractor_Supply_Company "Tractor Supply Company") [Ulta Beauty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulta_Beauty "Ulta Beauty") [Williams-Sonoma, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williams-Sonoma,_Inc. "Williams-Sonoma, Inc.") [Wynn Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynn_Resorts "Wynn Resorts") [Yum! Brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum!_Brands "Yum! Brands") |
| Consumer staples | [Altria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altria "Altria") [Archer Daniels Midland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_Daniels_Midland "Archer Daniels Midland") [Brown-Forman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-Forman "Brown-Forman") [Bunge Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunge_Global "Bunge Global") [Campbell's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%27s "Campbell's") [Church & Dwight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_%26_Dwight "Church & Dwight") [Clorox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorox "Clorox") [The Coca-Cola Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company "The Coca-Cola Company") [Colgate-Palmolive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive "Colgate-Palmolive") [Conagra Brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conagra_Brands "Conagra Brands") [Constellation Brands](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_Brands "Constellation Brands") [Costco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costco "Costco") [Dollar General](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_General "Dollar General") [Dollar Tree](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar_Tree "Dollar Tree") [The Estée Lauder Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies "The Estée Lauder Companies") [General Mills](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mills "General Mills") [The Hershey Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hershey_Company "The Hershey Company") [Hormel Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormel_Foods "Hormel Foods") [Kenvue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenvue "Kenvue") [Keurig Dr Pepper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keurig_Dr_Pepper "Keurig Dr Pepper") [Kimberly-Clark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly-Clark "Kimberly-Clark") [Kraft Heinz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Heinz "Kraft Heinz") [Kroger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroger "Kroger") [McCormick & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCormick_%26_Company "McCormick & Company") [Molson Coors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molson_Coors "Molson Coors") [Mondelez International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondelez_International "Mondelez International") [Monster Beverage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Beverage "Monster Beverage") [PepsiCo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PepsiCo "PepsiCo") [Philip Morris International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Morris_International "Philip Morris International") [Procter & Gamble](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procter_%26_Gamble "Procter & Gamble") [The J.M. Smucker Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_J.M._Smucker_Company "The J.M. Smucker Company") [Sysco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysco "Sysco") [Target Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_Corporation "Target Corporation") [Tyson Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyson_Foods "Tyson Foods") [Walmart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walmart "Walmart") |
| Health Care | [Abbott Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_Laboratories "Abbott Laboratories") [AbbVie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbbVie "AbbVie") [Agilent Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agilent_Technologies "Agilent Technologies") [Align Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Align_Technology "Align Technology") [Amgen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amgen "Amgen") [Baxter International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baxter_International "Baxter International") [Becton Dickinson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BD_\(company\) "BD (company)") [Bio-Techne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-Techne "Bio-Techne") [Biogen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogen "Biogen") [Boston Scientific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Scientific "Boston Scientific") [Bristol Myers Squibb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bristol_Myers_Squibb "Bristol Myers Squibb") [Cardinal Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Health "Cardinal Health") [Cencora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cencora "Cencora") [Centene Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centene_Corporation "Centene Corporation") [Charles River Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_River_Laboratories "Charles River Laboratories") [The Cigna Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cigna_Group "The Cigna Group") [Cooper Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cooper_Companies "The Cooper Companies") [CVS Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CVS_Health "CVS Health") [Danaher Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danaher_Corporation "Danaher Corporation") [DaVita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DaVita "DaVita") [Dexcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexcom "Dexcom") [Edwards Lifesciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Lifesciences "Edwards Lifesciences") [Elevance Health](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevance_Health "Elevance Health") [GE HealthCare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GE_HealthCare "GE HealthCare") [Gilead Sciences](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilead_Sciences "Gilead Sciences") [HCA Healthcare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCA_Healthcare "HCA Healthcare") [Henry Schein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Schein "Henry Schein") [Hologic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hologic "Hologic") [Humana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humana "Humana") [Idexx Laboratories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idexx_Laboratories "Idexx Laboratories") [Incyte](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incyte "Incyte") [Insulet Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Insulet_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1 "Insulet Corporation (page does not exist)") [Intuitive Surgical](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuitive_Surgical "Intuitive Surgical") [IQVIA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQVIA "IQVIA") [Johnson & Johnson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson_%26_Johnson "Johnson & Johnson") [Labcorp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labcorp "Labcorp") [Eli Lilly and Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Lilly_and_Company "Eli Lilly and Company") [McKesson Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKesson_Corporation "McKesson Corporation") [Medtronic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medtronic "Medtronic") [Merck & Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merck_%26_Co. "Merck & Co.") [Mettler Toledo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettler_Toledo "Mettler Toledo") [Moderna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderna "Moderna") [Pfizer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfizer "Pfizer") [Quest Diagnostics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quest_Diagnostics "Quest Diagnostics") [Regeneron Pharmaceuticals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneron_Pharmaceuticals "Regeneron Pharmaceuticals") [ResMed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ResMed "ResMed") [Revvity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revvity "Revvity") [Solventum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solventum "Solventum") [Steris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steris "Steris") [Stryker Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stryker_Corporation "Stryker Corporation") [Thermo Fisher Scientific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermo_Fisher_Scientific "Thermo Fisher Scientific") [UnitedHealth Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnitedHealth_Group "UnitedHealth Group") [Universal Health Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Health_Services "Universal Health Services") [Vertex Pharmaceuticals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_Pharmaceuticals "Vertex Pharmaceuticals") [Viatris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viatris "Viatris") [Waters Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waters_Corporation "Waters Corporation") [West Pharmaceutical Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Pharmaceutical_Services "West Pharmaceutical Services") [Zimmer Biomet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmer_Biomet "Zimmer Biomet") [Zoetis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetis "Zoetis") |
| Financials | [Aflac](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflac "Aflac") [Allstate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allstate "Allstate") [American Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Express "American Express") [American International Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_International_Group "American International Group") [Ameriprise Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriprise_Financial "Ameriprise Financial") [Aon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon_\(company\) "Aon (company)") [Apollo Global Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Global_Management "Apollo Global Management") [Arch Capital Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Capital_Group "Arch Capital Group") [Ares Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ares_Management "Ares Management") [Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_J._Gallagher_%26_Co. "Arthur J. Gallagher & Co.") [Assurant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assurant "Assurant") [Bank of America](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America "Bank of America") [Berkshire Hathaway](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway "Berkshire Hathaway") [BlackRock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackRock "BlackRock") [Blackstone Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackstone_Inc. "Blackstone Inc.") [Block, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block,_Inc. "Block, Inc.") [BNY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNY "BNY") [Brown & Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_%26_Brown "Brown & Brown") [Capital One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_One "Capital One") [Cboe Global Markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cboe_Global_Markets "Cboe Global Markets") [Charles Schwab Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Schwab_Corporation "Charles Schwab Corporation") [Chubb Limited](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubb_Limited "Chubb Limited") [Cincinnati Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Financial "Cincinnati Financial") [Citigroup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup "Citigroup") [Citizens Financial Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_Financial_Group "Citizens Financial Group") [CME Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CME_Group "CME Group") [Coinbase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinbase "Coinbase") [Corpay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpay "Corpay") [Erie Indemnity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Insurance_Group "Erie Insurance Group") [Everest Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everest_Group "Everest Group") [FactSet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FactSet "FactSet") [FIS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIS_\(company\) "FIS (company)") [Fifth Third Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Third_Bank "Fifth Third Bank") [Fiserv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIS_\(company\) "FIS (company)") [Franklin Resources](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Templeton "Franklin Templeton") [Global Payments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Payments "Global Payments") [Globe Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Life "Globe Life") [Goldman Sachs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachs "Goldman Sachs") [The Hartford](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hartford "The Hartford") [Huntington Bancshares](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huntington_Bancshares "Huntington Bancshares") [Interactive Brokers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Brokers "Interactive Brokers") [Intercontinental Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercontinental_Exchange "Intercontinental Exchange") [Invesco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invesco "Invesco") [Jack Henry & Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Henry_%26_Associates "Jack Henry & Associates") [JPMorgan Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase "JPMorgan Chase") [KeyBank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeyBank "KeyBank") [KKR & Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKR_%26_Co. "KKR & Co.") [Loews Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loews_Corporation "Loews Corporation") [M\&T Bank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%26T_Bank "M&T Bank") [Marsh McLennan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_McLennan "Marsh McLennan") [Mastercard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastercard "Mastercard") [MetLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetLife "MetLife") [Moody's Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody%27s_Corporation "Moody's Corporation") [Morgan Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley "Morgan Stanley") [MSCI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSCI "MSCI") [Nasdaq, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq,_Inc. "Nasdaq, Inc.") [Northern Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Trust "Northern Trust") [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal") [PNC Financial Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNC_Financial_Services "PNC Financial Services") [Principal Financial Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_Financial_Group "Principal Financial Group") [Progressive Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Corporation "Progressive Corporation") [Prudential Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prudential_Financial "Prudential Financial") [Raymond James Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_James_Financial "Raymond James Financial") [Regions Financial Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_Financial_Corporation "Regions Financial Corporation") [Robinhood Markets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinhood_Markets "Robinhood Markets") [S\&P Global](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_Global "S&P Global") [State Street Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Street_Corporation "State Street Corporation") [Synchrony Financial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchrony_Financial "Synchrony Financial") [T. Rowe Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Rowe_Price "T. Rowe Price") [The Travelers Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Travelers_Companies "The Travelers Companies") [Truist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truist "Truist") [U.S. Bancorp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Bancorp "U.S. Bancorp") [Visa Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc. "Visa Inc.") [W. R. Berkley Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._R._Berkley_Corporation "W. R. Berkley Corporation") [Wells Fargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Fargo "Wells Fargo") [Willis Towers Watson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Towers_Watson "Willis Towers Watson") |
| Information technology | [Accenture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accenture "Accenture") [Adobe Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Inc. "Adobe Inc.") [Akamai Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies "Akamai Technologies") [AMD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD "AMD") [Amphenol](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphenol "Amphenol") [Analog Devices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_Devices "Analog Devices") [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Applied Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Materials "Applied Materials") [AppLovin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AppLovin "AppLovin") [Arista Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Networks "Arista Networks") [Autodesk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk "Autodesk") [Broadcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom "Broadcom") [Cadence Design Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems "Cadence Design Systems") [CDW](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDW "CDW") [Ciena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciena "Ciena") [Cisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco "Cisco") [Cognizant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizant "Cognizant") [Coherent Corp.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherent_Corp. "Coherent Corp.") [Corning Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corning_Inc. "Corning Inc.") [CrowdStrike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrowdStrike "CrowdStrike") [Datadog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datadog "Datadog") [Dell Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Technologies "Dell Technologies") [EPAM Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPAM_Systems "EPAM Systems") [F5, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F5,_Inc. "F5, Inc.") [FICO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FICO "FICO") [First Solar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar "First Solar") [Fortinet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortinet "Fortinet") [Gartner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner "Gartner") [Gen Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen_Digital "Gen Digital") [GoDaddy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GoDaddy "GoDaddy") [Hewlett Packard Enterprise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise "Hewlett Packard Enterprise") [HP Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP_Inc. "HP Inc.") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM "IBM") [Intel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel "Intel") [Intuit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intuit "Intuit") [Jabil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabil "Jabil") [Keysight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keysight "Keysight") [KLA Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLA_Corporation "KLA Corporation") [Lam Research](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lam_Research "Lam Research") [Lumentum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumentum "Lumentum") [Microchip Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microchip_Technology "Microchip Technology") [Micron Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_Technology "Micron Technology") [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") [Monolithic Power Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_Power_Systems "Monolithic Power Systems") [Motorola Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_Solutions "Motorola Solutions") [NetApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetApp "NetApp") [Nvidia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia "Nvidia") [NXP Semiconductors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors "NXP Semiconductors") [onsemi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsemi "Onsemi") [Oracle Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation "Oracle Corporation") [Palantir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palantir "Palantir") [Palo Alto Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto_Networks "Palo Alto Networks") [PTC Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTC_Inc. "PTC Inc.") [Qualcomm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm "Qualcomm") [Qnity Electronics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qnity_Electronics "Qnity Electronics") [Roper Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roper_Technologies "Roper Technologies") [Salesforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce "Salesforce") [Sandisk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandisk "Sandisk") [Seagate Technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagate_Technology "Seagate Technology") [ServiceNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ServiceNow "ServiceNow") [Skyworks Solutions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyworks_Solutions "Skyworks Solutions") [Supermicro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermicro "Supermicro") [Synopsys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synopsys "Synopsys") [TE Connectivity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TE_Connectivity "TE Connectivity") [Teledyne Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledyne_Technologies "Teledyne Technologies") [Teradyne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teradyne "Teradyne") [Texas Instruments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Instruments "Texas Instruments") [Trimble Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimble_Inc. "Trimble Inc.") [Tyler Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Technologies "Tyler Technologies") [Verisign](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verisign "Verisign") [Western Digital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Digital "Western Digital") [Workday, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workday,_Inc. "Workday, Inc.") [Zebra Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra_Technologies "Zebra Technologies") |
| Communication services | [Alphabet Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_Inc. "Alphabet Inc.") [AT\&T](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T "AT&T") [Charter Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_Communications "Charter Communications") [Comcast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comcast "Comcast") [EchoStar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EchoStar "EchoStar") [Electronic Arts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Arts "Electronic Arts") [Fox Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Corporation "Fox Corporation") [Live Nation Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_Nation_Entertainment "Live Nation Entertainment") [Meta Platforms]() [Netflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix "Netflix") [News Corp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_Corp "News Corp") [Omnicom Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnicom_Group "Omnicom Group") [Paramount Skydance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Skydance "Paramount Skydance") [T-Mobile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile_US "T-Mobile US") [Take-Two Interactive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive "Take-Two Interactive") [TKO Group Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TKO_Group_Holdings "TKO Group Holdings") [The Trade Desk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Trade_Desk "The Trade Desk") [Verizon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verizon "Verizon") [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company") [Warner Bros. Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery "Warner Bros. Discovery") |
| Real estate | [Alexandria Real Estate Equities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Real_Estate_Equities "Alexandria Real Estate Equities") [American Tower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Tower "American Tower") [AvalonBay Communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AvalonBay_Communities "AvalonBay Communities") [BXP, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BXP,_Inc. "BXP, Inc.") [Camden Property Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden_Property_Trust "Camden Property Trust") [CBRE Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBRE_Group "CBRE Group") [CoStar Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoStar_Group "CoStar Group") [Crown Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Castle "Crown Castle") [Digital Realty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Realty "Digital Realty") [Equinix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinix "Equinix") [Equity Residential](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_Residential "Equity Residential") [Essex Property Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_Property_Trust "Essex Property Trust") [Extra Space Storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_Space_Storage "Extra Space Storage") [Federal Realty Investment Trust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Realty_Investment_Trust "Federal Realty Investment Trust") [Healthpeak Properties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthpeak_Properties "Healthpeak Properties") [Host Hotels & Resorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_Hotels_%26_Resorts "Host Hotels & Resorts") [Invitation Homes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invitation_Homes "Invitation Homes") [Iron Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Mountain_\(company\) "Iron Mountain (company)") [Kimco Realty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimco_Realty "Kimco Realty") [Mid-America Apartment Communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-America_Apartment_Communities "Mid-America Apartment Communities") [Prologis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prologis "Prologis") [Public Storage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Storage "Public Storage") [Realty Income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realty_Income "Realty Income") [Regency Centers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regency_Centers "Regency Centers") [SBA Communications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBA_Communications "SBA Communications") [Simon Property Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Property_Group "Simon Property Group") [UDR, Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDR,_Inc. "UDR, Inc.") [Ventas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventas_\(company\) "Ventas (company)") [Vici Properties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vici_Properties "Vici Properties") [Welltower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welltower "Welltower") [Weyerhaeuser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weyerhaeuser "Weyerhaeuser") |
| Utilities | [AES Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES_Corporation "AES Corporation") [Alliant Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliant_Energy "Alliant Energy") [Ameren](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameren "Ameren") [American Electric Power](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Electric_Power "American Electric Power") [American Water Works](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Water_Works "American Water Works") [Atmos Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmos_Energy "Atmos Energy") [CenterPoint Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CenterPoint_Energy "CenterPoint Energy") [CMS Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMS_Energy "CMS Energy") [Consolidated Edison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Edison "Consolidated Edison") [Constellation Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_Energy "Constellation Energy") [Dominion Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_Energy "Dominion Energy") [DTE Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTE_Energy "DTE Energy") [Duke Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Energy "Duke Energy") [Edison International](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison_International "Edison International") [Entergy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entergy "Entergy") [Evergy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergy "Evergy") [Eversource Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eversource_Energy "Eversource Energy") [Exelon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exelon "Exelon") [FirstEnergy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FirstEnergy "FirstEnergy") [NextEra Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NextEra_Energy "NextEra Energy") [NiSource](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NiSource "NiSource") [NRG Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRG_Energy "NRG Energy") [Pacific Gas and Electric Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company "Pacific Gas and Electric Company") [Pinnacle West Capital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnacle_West_Capital "Pinnacle West Capital") [PPL Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPL_Corporation "PPL Corporation") [Public Service Enterprise Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Service_Enterprise_Group "Public Service Enterprise Group") [Sempra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sempra "Sempra") [Southern Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Company "Southern Company") [Vistra Corp.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistra_Corp. "Vistra Corp.") [WEC Energy Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEC_Energy_Group "WEC Energy Group") [Xcel Energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcel_Energy "Xcel Energy") |
| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Major_Internet_companies "Template:Major Internet companies") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Major_Internet_companies "Template talk:Major Internet companies") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_Internet_companies "Special:EditPage/Template:Major Internet companies")Major [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet "Internet") companies | |
|---|---|
| Companies with an annual revenue of over US\$4 billion | |
| [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_Internet_companies "List of largest Internet companies") | [Adobe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Inc. "Adobe Inc.") [Alibaba](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Group "Alibaba Group") [Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_Inc. "Alphabet Inc.") [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Baidu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu "Baidu") [IAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IAC_\(company\) "IAC (company)") [Kakao](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakao "Kakao") [Meituan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meituan "Meituan") [Meta]() [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft") [Naver](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naver_Corporation "Naver Corporation") [NetEase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetEase "NetEase") [Tencent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent "Tencent") [Yandex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yandex "Yandex") |
| Cloud computing | [Akamai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akamai_Technologies "Akamai Technologies") [Alibaba Cloud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud "Alibaba Cloud") [AWS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services "Amazon Web Services") [Apple iCloud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICloud "ICloud") [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform "Google Cloud Platform") [IBM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Cloud "IBM Cloud") [Microsoft Azure](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Azure "Microsoft Azure") [Oracle Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation "Oracle Corporation") [Salesforce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salesforce "Salesforce") [SAP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAP "SAP") [ServiceNow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ServiceNow "ServiceNow") |
| E-commerce | [Amazon.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)") [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") [Booking Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booking_Holdings "Booking Holdings") [Coupang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupang "Coupang") [eBay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBay "EBay") [Expedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expedia "Expedia") [Flipkart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipkart "Flipkart") [Groupon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupon "Groupon") [JD.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JD.com "JD.com") [Lazada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazada_Group "Lazada Group") [Mercado Libre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercado_Libre "Mercado Libre") [PDD Holdings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinduoduo "Pinduoduo") [Rakuten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakuten "Rakuten") [Shopee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopee "Shopee") [Shopify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopify "Shopify") [Suning.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suning.com "Suning.com") [Trip.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trip.com "Trip.com") [Uber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber "Uber") [Wayfair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayfair "Wayfair") [Zalando](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalando "Zalando") |
| Media | [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P. "Bloomberg L.P.") [BuzzFeed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BuzzFeed "BuzzFeed") [ByteDance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ByteDance "ByteDance") [Disney Streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Streaming "Disney Streaming") [Kuaishou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaishou "Kuaishou") [Netflix](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix,_Inc. "Netflix, Inc.") [Paramount Streaming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramount_Streaming "Paramount Streaming") [Spotify](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotify "Spotify") [Warner Bros. Discovery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery "Warner Bros. Discovery") |
| [Authority control databases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control "Help:Authority control") [](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380#identifiers "Edit this at Wikidata") | |
|---|---|
| International | [ISNI](https://isni.org/isni/000000040615529X) [VIAF](https://viaf.org/viaf/2568167764296713890001) [GND](https://d-nb.info/gnd/16072396-6) |
| National | [United States](https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2009022167) [Japan](https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001139710) [Czech Republic](https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20131217004&CON_LNG=ENG) [Spain](https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX5079207) [Norway](https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/10033775) [Taiwan](http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=013858983&CON_LNG=ENG) [Chile](http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000730093) [Argentina](https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000064870) [Israel](https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007296170005171) [Catalonia](https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058614753006706) |
| Other | [IdRef](https://www.idref.fr/259185353) [MusicBrainz label](https://musicbrainz.org/label/f53ec901-8515-4af4-8358-33985fc6f526) [SNAC](https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6295s1d) [Yale LUX](https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/29b75fc1-fae0-44cb-93b6-9c6e643ee465) |
[37°29′06″N 122°08′54″W / 37\.48500°N 122.14833°W / 37\.48500; -122.14833](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meta_Platforms¶ms=37_29_06_N_122_08_54_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA)
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Meta Platforms
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| Readable Markdown | "Facebook, Inc." redirects here. For the social media service, see [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook").
| | |
|---|---|
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_Platforms_Inc._logo.svg) | |
| [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_HQ_2023.png)Headquarters in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California") | |
| [Trade name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_name "Trade name") | Meta |
| Formerly | TheFacebook, Inc. (2004–2005) Facebook, Inc. (2005–2021) |
| Company type | [Public](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company") |
| [Traded as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticker_symbol "Ticker symbol") | [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq"): [META](https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/meta) (Class A) [Nasdaq-100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq-100 "Nasdaq-100") component [S\&P 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_100 "S&P 100") component [S\&P 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500 "S&P 500") component |
| Industry | [Social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") [Advertising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_industry "Advertising industry") |
| Founded | February 4, 2004; 22 years ago in [Cambridge, Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts "Cambridge, Massachusetts"), U.S. |
| Founders | [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") [Eduardo Saverin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo_Saverin "Eduardo Saverin") [Andrew McCollum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_McCollum "Andrew McCollum") [Dustin Moskovitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dustin_Moskovitz "Dustin Moskovitz") [Chris Hughes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Hughes "Chris Hughes") |
| Headquarters | [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California"), U.S. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Mark Zuckerberg ([chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman") and [CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")) [Dina Powell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dina_Powell "Dina Powell") (vice chair and [president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_\(corporate_title\) "President (corporate title)")) [Javier Oliván](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Oliv%C3%A1n "Javier Oliván") ([COO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_operating_officer "Chief operating officer")) [Andrew Bosworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth "Andrew Bosworth") ([CTO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_technology_officer "Chief technology officer")) |
| Products | [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Messenger "Facebook Messenger") [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)") [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") |
| Revenue |  [US\$](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar")201 billion (2025) |
| [Operating income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes "Earnings before interest and taxes") |  US\$83.3 billion (2025) |
| [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") |  US\$60.5 billion (2025) |
| [Total assets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asset "Asset") |  US\$366 billion (2025) |
| [Total equity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equity_\(finance\) "Equity (finance)") |  US\$217 billion (2025) |
| Owner | Mark Zuckerberg (13.68% equity; 61.2% voting)[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-1) |
| Number of employees | 78,865 (2025) |
| [Divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_\(business\) "Division (business)") | [Reality Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs "Reality Labs") [Mapillary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapillary "Mapillary") [Superintelligence Labs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Superintelligence_Labs "Meta Superintelligence Labs") |
| [ASN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number "Autonomous System Number") | [32934](https://bgp.tools/as/32934) |
| Website | [meta.com](https://www.meta.com/) |
| **Footnotes / references** [\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-2)[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-5)[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-6)[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2025-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-zuck_ownership-8) | |
**Meta Platforms, Inc.** ([doing business as](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doing_business_as "Doing business as") **Meta**) is an American [multinational](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation "Multinational corporation") [technology company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_company "Technology company") headquartered in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California"). Meta owns and operates several prominent [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media") platforms and communication services, including [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook"), [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram"), [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp"), [Messenger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_\(Meta\) "Messenger (Meta)"), [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)"), [Manus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus_\(AI_agent\) "Manus (AI agent)") and [Moltbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook "Moltbook"). The company also operates an [advertising network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising_network "Advertising network") for its own sites and third parties; as of 2023, advertising accounted for 97.8 percent of its total [revenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue "Revenue").[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-9) Meta has been described as a part of [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech"), which refers to the largest six tech companies in the United States, [Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet_Inc. "Alphabet Inc.") ([Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google")), [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), Meta ([Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook")), [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft"), and [Nvidia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nvidia "Nvidia"), which are also the [largest companies in the world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_public_corporations_by_market_capitalization "List of public corporations by market capitalization") by [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization").[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-11)[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-12)
The company was originally established in 2004 as **TheFacebook, Inc.**,[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-13) and was renamed **Facebook, Inc.** in 2005.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-14) In 2021, it rebranded as Meta Platforms, Inc. to reflect a strategic shift toward developing the [metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse")—an interconnected [digital ecosystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_ecosystem "Digital ecosystem") spanning [virtual](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality "Virtual reality") and [augmented reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality "Augmented reality") technologies.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-theverge20211019-15)[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16)[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-17)[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-18)
In 2023, Meta was ranked 31st on the *[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000")* [Global 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000 "Forbes Global 2000") list of the world's largest [public companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_company "Public company").[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-19) As of 2022, it was the world's third-largest spender on [research and development](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_development "Research and development"), with R\&D expenses totaling US\$35.3 billion.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-20)
History
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook_on_Nasdaq.jpeg)
Billboard on the [Thomson Reuters building](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Times_Square "3 Times Square") welcomes Facebook to [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq") in 2012.
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chart_of_Facebook,_inc._Stock.png)
Early chart of Facebook's stock
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook,_Inc._Logo_2019.svg)
Facebook corporate logo from 2019 to 2021
Facebook filed for an [initial public offering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering "Initial public offering") (IPO) on January 1, 2012.[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-21) The preliminary prospectus stated that the company sought to raise \$5 billion, had 845 million monthly active users, and a website accruing 2.7 billion likes and comments daily.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-22) After the IPO, [Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") would retain 22% of the total shares and 57% of the total voting power in Facebook.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fortune-23)
[Underwriters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriting "Underwriting") valued the shares at \$38 each, valuing the company at \$104 billion, the largest valuation yet for a newly public company.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-24) On May 16, one day before the IPO, Facebook announced it would sell 25% more shares than originally planned due to high demand.[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-25) The IPO raised \$16 billion, making it the third-largest in US history (slightly ahead of [AT\&T Mobility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T_Mobility "AT&T Mobility") and behind only [General Motors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors "General Motors") and [Visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc. "Visa Inc.")). The stock price left the company with a higher [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization") than all but a few U.S. corporations—surpassing heavyweights such as [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [McDonald's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald%27s "McDonald's"), [Disney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company "The Walt Disney Company"), and [Kraft Foods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraft_Foods "Kraft Foods")—and made Zuckerberg's stock worth \$19 billion.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-NYT517-26)[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-USN517-27) *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* stated that the offering overcame questions about Facebook's difficulties in attracting advertisers to transform the company into a "must-own stock". [Jimmy Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Lee_\(banker\) "Jimmy Lee (banker)") of [JPMorgan Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase "JPMorgan Chase") described it as "the next great [blue-chip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_chip_\(stock_market\) "Blue chip (stock market)")".[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-NYT517-26) Writers at [TechCrunch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TechCrunch "TechCrunch"), on the other hand, expressed skepticism, stating, "That's a big multiple to live up to, and Facebook will likely need to add bold new revenue streams to justify the mammoth valuation."[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-28)
Trading in the stock, which began on May 18, was delayed that day due to technical problems with the [Nasdaq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq "Nasdaq") exchange.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-29) The stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, forcing underwriters to buy back shares to support the price.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-30) At the closing bell, shares were valued at \$38.23,[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-31) only \$0.23 above the IPO price and down \$3.82 from the opening bell value. The opening was widely described by the financial press as a disappointment.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-32) The stock set a new record for trading volume of an IPO.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-33) On May 25, 2012, the stock ended its first full week of trading at \$31.91, a 16.5% decline.[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-34)
On May 22, 2012, regulators from [Wall Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street "Wall Street")'s [Financial Industry Regulatory Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Industry_Regulatory_Authority "Financial Industry Regulatory Authority") announced that they had begun to investigate whether banks underwriting Facebook had improperly shared information only with select clients rather than the general public. [Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts "Massachusetts") Secretary of State [William F. Galvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Galvin "William F. Galvin") subpoenaed [Morgan Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley "Morgan Stanley") over the same issue.[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-35) The allegations sparked "fury" among some investors and led to the immediate filing of several lawsuits, one of them a [class action](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_action "Class action") suit claiming more than \$2.5 billion in losses due to the IPO.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-36) [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P. "Bloomberg L.P.") estimated that [retail investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_market_participants#Retail_investor "Financial market participants") may have lost approximately \$630 million on Facebook stock since its debut.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-37) [S\&P Global Ratings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_Global_Ratings "S&P Global Ratings") added Facebook to its [S\&P 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P_500 "S&P 500") index on December 21, 2013.[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-38)
On May 2, 2014, Zuckerberg announced that the company would be changing its internal motto from "Move fast and break things" to "Move fast with stable infrastructure".[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-39)[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-40) The earlier motto had been described as Zuckerberg's "prime directive to his developers and team" in a 2009 interview in *[Business Insider](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Insider "Business Insider")*, in which he also said, "Unless you are breaking stuff, you are not moving fast enough."[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-blodget-41)
In November 2016, Facebook announced the [Microsoft Windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows "Microsoft Windows") client of gaming service *Facebook Gameroom*, formerly *Facebook Games Arcade*, at the [Unity Technologies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_Technologies "Unity Technologies") developers conference.[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-42)[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-43) The client allows Facebook users to play "native" games in addition to its web games. The service was closed in June 2021.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-44)
2018–2020: Focus on the metaverse
[Lasso](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasso_\(video_sharing_app\) "Lasso (video sharing app)") was a short-video sharing app from Facebook similar to [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") that was launched on [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS") and [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_\(operating_system\) "Android (operating system)") in 2018 and was aimed at teenagers. On July 2, 2020, Facebook announced that Lasso would be shutting down on July 10.[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-45)[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-46)[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-47)
In 2018, the [Oculus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_Labs#Acquisition_by_Facebook "Reality Labs") lead [Jason Rubin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Rubin "Jason Rubin") sent his 50-page vision document titled "The Metaverse" to Facebook's leadership. In the document, Rubin acknowledged that Facebook's [virtual reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality "Virtual reality") business had not caught on as expected, despite the hundreds of millions of dollars spent on content for early adopters. He also urged the company to execute fast and invest heavily in the vision, to shut out [HTC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC "HTC"), [Apple](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc."), [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google") and other competitors in the [VR space](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality_applications "Virtual reality applications"). Regarding other players' participation in the metaverse vision, he called for the company to build the "[metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse")" to prevent their competitors from "being in the VR business in a meaningful way at all".[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-48)
In May 2019, Facebook founded [Libra Networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diem_\(digital_currency\)#History "Diem (digital currency)"), reportedly to develop their own [stablecoin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stablecoin "Stablecoin") [cryptocurrency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency "Cryptocurrency").[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-yahoo-49) Later, it was reported that Libra was being supported by financial companies such as [Visa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_Inc. "Visa Inc."), [Mastercard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastercard "Mastercard"), [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal") and [Uber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uber "Uber"). The consortium of companies was expected to pool in \$10 million each to fund the launch of the [cryptocurrency coin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency "Cryptocurrency") named Libra.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-50) Depending on when it would receive approval from the [Swiss Financial Market Supervisory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_Financial_Market_Supervisory_Authority "Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority") authority to operate as a payments service, the Libra Association had planned to launch a limited format cryptocurrency in 2021.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-51) Libra was renamed Diem, before being shut down and sold in January 2022 after backlash from [Swiss government regulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland "Switzerland") and the public.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-52)[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-53)
During the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic"), the use of online services, including Facebook, grew globally.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-CNN11.10.22-54) [Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") predicted this would be a "permanent acceleration" that would continue after the pandemic. Facebook hired aggressively, growing from 48,268 employees in March 2020 to more than 87,000 by September 2022.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-CNN11.10.22-54)
2021: Rebrand as Meta
Following a period of intense scrutiny and damaging [whistleblower leaks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak"), news started to emerge on October 21, 2021 about Facebook's plan to [rebrand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebranding "Rebranding") the company and change its name.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-theverge20211019-15)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-55) In the Q3 2021 earnings call on October 25, Mark Zuckerberg discussed the ongoing criticism of the company's social services and the way it operates, and pointed to the pivoting efforts to building the [metaverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaverse "Metaverse") – without mentioning the rebranding and the name change.[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-56) The metaverse vision and the name change from Facebook, Inc. to Meta Platforms was introduced at Facebook Connect on October 28, 2021.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16) Based on Facebook's PR campaign, the name change reflects the company's shifting long term focus of building the metaverse, a digital extension of the physical world by [social media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media "Social media"), virtual reality and augmented reality features.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-meta-blog-16)[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-57)
"Meta" had been [registered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark#Registration "Trademark") as a [trademark](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark "Trademark") in the United States in 2018 (after an initial filing in 2015) for marketing, advertising, and computer services, by [a Canadian company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_\(academic_company\) "Meta (academic company)") that provided [big data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_data "Big data") analysis of [scientific literature](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_literature "Scientific literature").[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-58) This company was acquired in 2017 by the [Chan Zuckerberg Initiative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative "Chan Zuckerberg Initiative") (CZI), a foundation established by Zuckerberg and his wife, [Priscilla Chan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priscilla_Chan "Priscilla Chan"), and became one of their projects.[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-59) Following the rebranding announcement, CZI announced that it had already decided to deprioritize the earlier Meta project, thus it would be transferring its rights to the name to Meta Platforms, and the previous project would end in 2022.[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-60)
2022: Declining profits and mass lay-offs
Soon after the rebranding, in early February 2022, Meta reported a greater-than-expected decline in profits in the fourth quarter of 2021.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj_2022-61) It reported no growth in monthly users,[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) and indicated it expected revenue growth to stall.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj_2022-61) It also expected measures taken by [Apple Inc.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc. "Apple Inc.") to protect user privacy to cost it some \$10 billion in advertisement revenue, an amount equal to roughly 8% of its revenue for 2021.[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-63) In meeting with Meta staff the day after earnings were reported, Zuckerberg blamed competition for user attention, particularly from video-based apps such as [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok").[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-64)
The 27% reduction in the company's share price which occurred in reaction to the news eliminated some \$230 billion of value from Meta's [market capitalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_capitalization "Market capitalization").[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) [Bloomberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News "Bloomberg News") described the decline as "an epic rout that, in its sheer scale, is unlike anything Wall Street or Silicon Valley has ever seen".[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wagner2222-62) Zuckerberg's net worth fell by as much as \$31 billion.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-65) Zuckerberg owns 13% of Meta, and the holding makes up the bulk of his wealth.[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-66)[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-67)
According to published reports by *Bloomberg* on March 30, 2022, Meta turned over data such as phone numbers, physical addresses, and [IP addresses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address "IP address") to hackers posing as law enforcement officials using forged documents. The law enforcement requests sometimes included [forged signatures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature_forgery "Signature forgery") of real or fictional officials. When asked about the allegations, a Meta representative said, "We review every data request for legal sufficiency and use advanced systems and processes to validate law enforcement requests and detect abuse."[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-68) In June 2022, [Sheryl Sandberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheryl_Sandberg "Sheryl Sandberg"), the chief operating officer of 14 years, announced she would step down that year. Zuckerberg said that [Javier Olivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Olivan "Javier Olivan") would replace Sandberg, though in a “more traditional” role.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-69)
In March 2022, Meta (except Meta-owned [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp")) and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") were banned in Russia and added to the [Russian list of terrorist and extremist organizations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_list_of_terrorist_and_extremist_organizations "Russian list of terrorist and extremist organizations") for alleged [Russophobia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russophobia "Russophobia") and [hate speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech "Hate speech") (up to [genocidal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide "Genocide") calls) amid the ongoing [Russian invasion of Ukraine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine "Russian invasion of Ukraine").[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bbc-70) Meta appealed against the ban, but it was upheld by a [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow "Moscow") court in June of the same year.[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bbc-70)
Also in March 2022, Meta and Italian eyewear giant [Luxottica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxottica "Luxottica") released [Ray-Ban Stories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray-Ban_Stories "Ray-Ban Stories"), a series of [smartglasses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartglasses "Smartglasses") which could play music and take pictures. Meta and Luxottica parent company [EssilorLuxottica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EssilorLuxottica "EssilorLuxottica") declined to disclose sales on the line of products as of September 2022, though Meta has expressed satisfaction with its customer feedback.[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-72)[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-73)
In July 2022, Meta saw its first year-on-year revenue decline when its total revenue slipped by 1% to \$28.8bn.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-74) Analysts and journalists accredited the loss to its advertising business, which has been limited by Apple's [app tracking transparency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identifier_for_Advertisers#App_Tracking_Transparency "Identifier for Advertisers") feature and the number of people who have opted not to be tracked by Meta apps. Zuckerberg also accredited the decline to increasing competition from TikTok.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-75)[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-76)[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-77) On October 27, 2022, Meta's market value dropped to \$268 billion, a loss of around \$700 billion compared to 2021, and its shares fell by 24%. It lost its spot among the top 20 US companies by market cap, despite reaching the top 5 in the previous year.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-78)
In November 2022, Meta laid off 11,000 employees, 13% of its workforce. Zuckerberg said the decision to aggressively increase Meta's investments had been a mistake, as he had wrongly predicted that the surge in e-commerce would last beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. He also attributed the decline to increased competition, a global economic downturn and "ads signal loss".[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-79) Plans to lay off a further 10,000 employees began in April 2023.[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-80) The layoffs were part of a general downturn in the technology industry, alongside layoffs by companies including [Google](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google "Google"), [Amazon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_\(company\) "Amazon (company)"), [Tesla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla,_Inc. "Tesla, Inc."), [Snap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_Inc. "Snap Inc."), [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter,_Inc. "Twitter, Inc.") and [Lyft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft "Lyft").[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-81)[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-82)
Starting from 2022, Meta scrambled to catch up to other tech companies in adopting specialized artificial intelligence hardware and software. It had been using less expensive [CPUs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit "Central processing unit") instead of [GPUs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit "Graphics processing unit") for AI work, but that approach turned out to be less efficient.[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-83) The company gifted the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research \$1.3 million to finance the Social Media Archive's aim to make their data available to social science research.[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-84)
2023: Threads, AI and all-time high stock value
In 2023, Ireland's [Data Protection Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Commissioner "Data Protection Commissioner") imposed a record EUR 1.2 billion fine on Meta for transferring data from Europe to the United States without adequate protections for EU citizens.[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:Zhang-85): 250
In March 2023, Meta announced a new round of layoffs that would cut 10,000 employees and close 5,000 open positions to make the company more efficient.[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-86) Meta revenue surpassed analyst expectations for the first quarter of 2023 after announcing that it was increasing its focus on AI.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-87) On July 6, Meta launched a new app, [Threads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threads_\(social_network\) "Threads (social network)"), a competitor to Twitter.[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-88)
Meta announced its artificial intelligence model [Llama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama_\(language_model\) "Llama (language model)") 2 in July 2023, available for commercial use via partnerships with major cloud providers like Microsoft. It was the first project to be unveiled out of Meta's generative AI group after it was set up in February. It would not charge access or usage but instead operate with an open-source model to allow Meta to ascertain what improvements need to be made. Prior to this announcement, Meta said it had no plans to release Llama 2 for commercial use. An earlier version of Llama was released to academics.[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-89)[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-90)
In August 2023, Meta announced its permanent removal of news content from Facebook and Instagram in Canada due to the *[Online News Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_News_Act "Online News Act")*, which requires Canadian news outlets to be compensated for content shared on its platform. The Online News Act was in effect by year-end, but Meta will not participate in the regulatory process.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-91) In October 2023, Zuckerberg said that AI would be Meta's biggest investment area in 2024.[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-92) Meta finished 2023 as one of the best-performing technology stocks of the year, with its share price up 150 percent.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-93) Its stock reached an all-time high in January 2024, bringing Meta within 2% of achieving \$1 trillion market capitalization.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-94)
In November 2023 Meta Platforms launched an ad-free service in [Europe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe "Europe"), allowing subscribers to opt-out of [personal data](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_data "Personal data") being collected for targeted advertising. A group of 28 European organizations, including Max Schrems' advocacy group [NOYB](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOYB "NOYB"), the [Irish Council for Civil Liberties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Council_for_Civil_Liberties "Irish Council for Civil Liberties"), [Wikimedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation "Wikimedia Foundation") Europe, and the [Electronic Privacy Information Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Privacy_Information_Center "Electronic Privacy Information Center"), signed a 2024 letter to the [European Data Protection Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board "European Data Protection Board") (EDPB) expressing concern that this subscriber model would undermine privacy protections, specifically [GDPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation") data protection standards.[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-95)
Meta removed the Facebook and Instagram accounts of Iran's Supreme Leader [Ali Khamenei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei "Ali Khamenei") in February 2024, citing repeated violations of its Dangerous Organizations & Individuals policy.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-96) As of March, Meta was under investigation by the FDA for alleged use of their social media platforms to sell illegal drugs.[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-97) On 16 May 2024, the [European Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission "European Commission") began an investigation into Meta over concerns related to child safety.[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-98)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-99)[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-100)[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-101)
In May 2023, Iraqi social media influencer Esaa Ahmed-Adnan encountered a troubling issue when Instagram removed his posts, citing false copyright violations despite his content being original and free from copyrighted material. He discovered that extortionists were behind these takedowns, offering to restore his content for \$3,000 or provide ongoing protection for \$1,000 per month. This scam, exploiting Meta’s rights management tools, became widespread in the Middle East, revealing a gap in Meta’s enforcement in developing regions. An Iraqi nonprofit Tech4Peace’s founder, Aws al-Saadi helped Ahmed-Adnan and others, but the restoration process was slow, leading to significant financial losses for many victims, including prominent figures like [Ammar al-Hakim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_al-Hakim "Ammar al-Hakim"). This situation highlighted Meta’s challenges in balancing global growth with effective content moderation and protection.[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-102)
2024: Developments and controversies
On 16 September 2024, Meta announced it had banned Russian state media outlets from its platforms worldwide due to concerns about "foreign interference activity." This decision followed allegations that [RT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT_\(TV_network\) "RT (TV network)") and its employees funneled \$10 million through shell companies to secretly fund influence campaigns on various social media channels. Meta's actions were part of a broader effort to counter Russian covert influence operations, which had intensified since the invasion.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-103)
At its 2024 Connect conference, Meta presented Orion,[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-104) its first pair of [augmented reality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality "Augmented reality") glasses. Though Orion was originally intended to be sold to consumers, the manufacturing process turned out to be too complex and expensive.[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-105) Instead, the company pivoted to producing a small number of the glasses to be used internally.[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-106)
On 4 October 2024, Meta announced about its new AI model called Movie Gen, capable of generating realistic video and audio clips based on user prompts. Meta stated it would not release Movie Gen for open development, preferring to collaborate directly with content creators and integrate it into its products by the following year. The model was built using a combination of licensed and publicly available datasets.[\[107\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:10-107)
On October 31, 2024, *[ProPublica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica "ProPublica")* published an investigation into deceptive political advertisement scams that sometimes use hundreds of hijacked profiles and facebook pages run by organized networks of scammers. The authors cited spotty enforcement by Meta as a major reason for the extent of the issue.[\[108\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:11-108)
In November 2024, TechCrunch reported that Meta were considering building a \$10bn global underwater cable spanning 25,000 miles.[\[109\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:12-109)
In the same month, Meta closed down 2 million accounts on Facebook and Instagram that were linked to scam centers in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, the Philippines, and the United Arab Emirates doing [pig butchering scams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pig_butchering_scam "Pig butchering scam").[\[110\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:13-110)
In December 2024, Meta announced that, beginning February 2025, they would require advertisers to run ads about financial services in Australia to verify information about who are the beneficiary and the payer in a bid to regulate scams.[\[111\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:14-111)
On December 4, 2024, Meta announced it will invest US\$10 billion for its largest AI data center in northeast Louisiana, powered by natural gas facilities.[\[112\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-techxplore051224-112)
On the 11th of that month, Meta experienced a global outage, impacting accounts on all of their social media and messaging applications. Outage reports from [DownDetector](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downdetector "Downdetector") reached 70,000+ and 100,000+ within minutes for Instagram and Facebook, respectively.[\[113\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:15-113)
2025: Policy shifts and AI investments
In January 2025, Meta announced plans to roll back its [diversity, equity, and inclusion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion "Diversity, equity, and inclusion") (DEI) initiatives, citing shifts in the "legal and policy landscape" in the United States following [the 2024 presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election "2024 United States presidential election"). The decision followed reports that CEO Mark Zuckerberg sought to align the company more closely with the [incoming Trump administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump "Second presidency of Donald Trump"), including changes to content moderation policies and executive leadership.[\[114\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-114) The new content moderation policies continued to bar insults about a person's intellect or mental illness, but made an exception to allow calling [LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ "LGBTQ") people mentally ill because they are gay or [transgender](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender "Transgender").[\[115\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-115) Later that month, Meta agreed to pay \$25 million to settle a 2021 lawsuit brought by [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") for suspending his social media accounts after the [January 6 riots](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack "January 6 United States Capitol attack").[\[116\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-116) Changes to Meta's moderation policies were controversial among its oversight board, with a significant divide in opinion between the board's US conservatives and its global members.[\[117\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-117)
In June 2025, Meta Platforms Inc. has decided to make a multibillion-dollar investment into artificial intelligence startup [Scale AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_AI "Scale AI"). The financing could exceed \$10 billion in value which would make it one of the largest private company funding events of all time.[\[118\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-118)
In October 2025, it was announced that Meta would be laying off 600 employees in the artificial intelligence unit to perform better and simpler. They referred to their AI unit as "bloated" and are seeking to trim down the department. This mass layoff is going to impact Meta’s AI infrastructure units, Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Research unit (FAIR) and other product-related positions.[\[119\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-119)
In late 2025, Meta said that it would start remove images and videos containing nudity or explicit sexual activity, including when generated by AI for teen users on [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[120\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-120)
2026: Investments in AI
In February 2026, Meta announced a long-term partnership with Nvidia.[\[121\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-121) According to an analysis by [Bridgewater Associates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgewater_Associates "Bridgewater Associates"), Meta, along with Amazon, Alphabet and Microsoft are expected to collectively invest about \$650 billion to scale up AI-related infrastructure in 2026.[\[122\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-122)
As of March 2026, Meta is currently facing investigations in the United Kingdom and the United States related to its AI-enabled smart glasses. Regulators are examining how images and videos captured by the devices may be used in the development and improvement of artificial intelligence systems.[\[123\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-123)
In March 2026, Meta agreed to allow AI rivals on WhatsApp for a year, in a bid to prevent a possible temporary order from EU antitrust regulators after complaints from competitors who were blocked from WhatsApp.[\[124\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-124)
In March 2026, Meta signed an energy pledge at the White House which required it to bear the cost of new electricity generation to power their data centers.[\[125\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-125)
In March 2026, Meta acquired [Moltbook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook "Moltbook") a social network for AI bots, where AI agents interact with one another autonomously.[\[126\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-126)
On 11 March 2026, Meta revealed a roadmap of four new chips that it is making in-house. The new chips are part of the company's Meta Training and Inference Accelerator program.[\[127\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-127)
On March 31, 2026, Meta unveiled two new Ray-Ban smart glasses designed for prescription lenses, expanding its lineup of AI-enabled wearable devices.[\[128\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-128)
Mergers and acquisitions
Meta has acquired multiple companies (often identified as [talent acquisitions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talent_acquisition "Talent acquisition")).[\[129\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-129) One of its first major acquisitions was in April 2012, when it acquired [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") for approximately US\$1 billion in cash and stock.[\[130\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-130) In October 2013, Facebook, Inc. acquired [Onavo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onavo "Onavo"), an Israeli [mobile web analytics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_web_analytics "Mobile web analytics") company.[\[131\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-131)[\[132\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-132) In February 2014, Facebook, Inc. announced it would buy mobile messaging company [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp") for US\$19 billion in cash and stock.[\[133\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-133)[\[134\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-134) The acquisition was completed on October 6.[\[135\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-135) Later that year, Facebook bought [Oculus VR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculus_VR "Oculus VR") for \$2.3 billion in cash and stock,[\[136\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Kotaku_FB-136) which released its first consumer virtual reality headset in 2016. In late November 2019, Facebook, Inc. announced the acquisition of the game developer Beat Games, responsible for developing one of that year's most popular VR games, *[Beat Saber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Saber "Beat Saber")*.[\[137\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-137) In Late 2022, after Facebook Inc rebranded to Meta Platforms Inc, Oculus was rebranded to Meta Quest.
In May 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced it had acquired [Giphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giphy "Giphy") for a reported cash price of \$400 million. It will be integrated with the Instagram team.[\[138\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-138) However, in August 2021, UK's [Competition and Markets Authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority "Competition and Markets Authority") (CMA) stated that Facebook, Inc. might have to sell Giphy, after an investigation found that the deal between the two companies would harm competition in display advertising market.[\[139\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-139) Facebook, Inc. was fined \$70 million by CMA for deliberately failing to report all information regarding the acquisition and the ongoing [antitrust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competition_law "Competition law") investigation.[\[140\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-140) In October 2022, the CMA ruled for a second time that Meta be required to divest Giphy, stating that Meta already controls half of the advertising in the UK. Meta agreed to the sale, though it stated that it disagrees with the decision itself.[\[141\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-141) In May 2023, Giphy was divested to [Shutterstock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shutterstock "Shutterstock") for \$53 million.[\[142\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-shutterstock-142)
In November 2020, Facebook, Inc. announced that it planned to purchase the customer-service platform and chatbot specialist startup Kustomer to promote companies to use their platform for business. It has been reported that Kustomer valued at slightly over \$1 billion.[\[143\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-143) The deal was closed in February 2022 after regulatory approval.[\[144\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-144)
In September 2022, Meta acquired Lofelt, a Berlin-based [haptic tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology "Haptic technology") startup.[\[145\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-145)
In December 2025, it was announced Meta had acquired the AI-wearables startup, Limitless.[\[146\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-146) In the same month, they also acquired another AI startup, [Manus AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manus_AI "Manus AI"), for \$2 billion.[\[147\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-wsj-147) Manus announced in December that its platform had achieved \$100mm in recurring revenue just 8 months after its launch and Meta said it will scale the platform to many other businesses.[\[148\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-148) In January 2026, it was announced Meta proposed acquisition of Manus was undergoing preliminary scrutiny by Chinese regulators. The examination concerns the cross-border transfer of artificial intelligence technology developed in China.[\[149\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-149)
Lobbying
In 2020, Facebook, Inc. spent \$19.7 million on [lobbying](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobbying "Lobbying"), hiring 79 lobbyists. In 2019, it had spent \$16.7 million on lobbying and had a team of 71 lobbyists, up from \$12.6 million and 51 lobbyists in 2018.[\[150\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-150) Facebook was the largest spender of lobbying money among the [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech#Big_Five "Big Tech") companies in 2020.[\[151\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-151) The lobbying team includes top congressional aide John Branscome, who was hired in September 2021, to help the company fend off threats from Democratic lawmakers and the Biden administration.[\[152\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-152)
In December 2024, Meta donated \$1 million to the inauguration fund for then-President-elect Donald Trump.[\[153\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-153)
In 2025, Meta was listed among the donors funding the construction of the [White House State Ballroom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_State_Ballroom "White House State Ballroom").[\[154\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-154)
Censorship
In 2016 Meta hired [Jordana Cutler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordana_Cutler "Jordana Cutler"), formerly an employee at the Israeli Embassy to the United States, as its policy chief for Israel and the Jewish Diaspora. In this role, Cutler pushed for the censorship of accounts belonging to [Students for Justice in Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Students_for_Justice_in_Palestine "Students for Justice in Palestine") chapters in the United States. Critics have said that Cutler's position gives the Israeli government an undue influence over Meta policy, and that few countries have such high levels of contact with Meta policymakers.[\[155\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-155)
In August 2024, [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") sent a letter to [Jim Jordan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Jordan "Jim Jordan") indicating that during the [COVID-19 pandemic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic "COVID-19 pandemic") the [Biden administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biden_administration "Biden administration") repeatedly asked Meta to limit certain COVID-19 content, including humor and satire, on [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[156\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-156)
Following the election of [Donald Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump "Donald Trump") in 2025, various sources noted possible censorship related to the [Democratic Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_\(United_States\) "Democratic Party (United States)") on Instagram and other Meta platforms.[\[157\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-157)[\[158\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-158)[\[159\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-159) In February 2025, a Meta rep flagged journalist [Gil Duran](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Duran "Gil Duran")'s article and other "critiques of tech industry figures" as spam or sensitive content, limiting their reach.[\[160\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-160)
According to a 2025 complaint by whistleblower [Sarah Wynn-Williams](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Wynn-Williams "Sarah Wynn-Williams"), Facebook created in 2014 a "China team" to develop a version of its services that would be allowed in China, a project internally code-named "Project Aldrin". The company allegedly created a custom censorship system and agreed to hire 300 content moderators to support it. In an email exchange, an employee of Facebook's privacy team wrote, "In exchange for the ability to establish operations in China, FB will agree to grant the Chinese government access to Chinese users’ data — including Hongkongese users’ data". According to Wynn-Williams, Facebook also restricted the account of [Guo Wengui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guo_Wengui "Guo Wengui"), a Chinese businessman critical of the government, to foster cooperation with China. By 2019, Facebook had abandoned its ambitions in China, as trade tensions between the Trump administration and China escalated.[\[161\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-161)
In March 2025, Meta attempted to block Sarah Wynn-Williams from promoting or further distributing her memoir, *[Careless People](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careless_People "Careless People")*, that includes allegations of unaddressed [sexual harassment in the workplace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_workplace_in_the_United_States "Sexual harassment in the workplace in the United States") by senior executives. *[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")* reports that the arbitration is among Meta's most forcible attempts to repudiate a former employee's account of workplace dynamics.[\[162\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-162) Publisher [Macmillan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers "Macmillan Publishers") reacted to the ruling by the Emergency International Arbitral Tribunal by stating that it will ignore its provisions.[\[163\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-naughton-2025-163) As of 15 March 2025, hardback and digital versions of *Careless People* were being offered for sale by major online retailers.
From October 2025, Meta began removing and restricting access for accounts related to LGBTQ, reproductive health and abortion information pages on its platforms. Martha Dimitratou, executive director of Repro Uncensored, called Meta's shadow-banning of these issues "One of the biggest waves of censorship we are seeing".[\[164\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-164)
Disinformation concerns
Since its inception, Meta has been accused of being a host for fake news and misinformation.[\[165\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-165) In the wake of the [2016 United States presidential election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election "2016 United States presidential election"), Zuckerberg began to take steps to eliminate the prevalence of fake news, as the platform had been criticized for its potential influence on the outcome of the election.[\[166\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-166) The company initially partnered with [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)"), the [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press"), [FactCheck.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FactCheck.org "FactCheck.org"), [Snopes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes "Snopes") and [PolitiFact](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolitiFact "PolitiFact") for its [fact-checking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact-checking "Fact-checking") initiative;[\[167\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-167) as of 2018, it had over 40 fact-checking partners across the world, including *[The Weekly Standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard "The Weekly Standard")*.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:g0-168)
A May 2017 review by *[The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian")* found that the platform's fact-checking initiatives of partnering with third-party fact-checkers and publicly flagging fake news were regularly ineffective, and appeared to be having minimal impact in some cases.[\[169\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-169) In 2018, journalists working as fact-checkers for the company criticized the partnership, stating that it had produced minimal results and that the company had ignored their concerns.[\[168\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-:g0-168)
In 2024 Meta's decision to continue to disseminate a falsified video of [US president](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States "President of the United States") [Joe Biden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden "Joe Biden"), even after it had been proven to be fake, attracted criticism and concern.[\[170\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-170)[\[171\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-171)
Misinformation and hate speech
In January 2025, Meta ended its use of third-party fact-checkers in favor of a user-run [community notes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_notes "Community notes") system similar to the one used on X.[\[172\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-172)[\[173\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-173)
While Zuckerberg supported these changes, saying that the amount of censorship on the platform was excessive, the decision received criticism by fact-checking institutions, stating that the changes would make it more difficult for users to identify misinformation.[\[174\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-174) Meta also faced criticism for weakening its policies on hate speech that were designed to protect minorities and LGBTQ+ individuals from bullying and discrimination.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-GLAAD-175)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Them-176)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-404Media-177) While moving its content review teams from California to Texas, Meta changed their hateful conduct policy to eliminate restrictions on anti-LGBT and anti-immigrant hate speech, as well as explicitly allowing users to accuse LGBT people of being mentally ill or abnormal based on their sexual orientation or gender identity.[\[178\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-178)[\[179\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-179)[\[180\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-180)[\[181\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-181)
In January 2025, Meta faced significant criticism for its role in removing LGBTQ+ content from its platforms, amid its broader efforts to address anti-LGBTQ+ hate speech. The removal of LGBTQ+ themes was noted as part of the wider crackdown on content deemed to violate its community guidelines. Meta's content moderation policies, which were designed to combat harmful speech and protect users from discrimination, inadvertently led to the removal or restriction of LGBTQ+ content, particularly posts highlighting LGBTQ+ identities, support, or political issues. According to reports, LGBTQ+ posts, including those that simply celebrated pride or advocated for LGBTQ+ rights, were flagged and removed for reasons that some critics argue were vague or inconsistently applied. Many LGBTQ+ activists and users on Meta's platforms expressed concern that such actions stifled visibility and expression, potentially isolating LGBTQ+ individuals and communities, especially in spaces that were historically important for outreach and support.[\[175\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-GLAAD-175)[\[177\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-404Media-177)[\[176\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Them-176)
In an April 2026 interview with [Outlook Business](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlook_Business "Outlook Business"), former Meta executive turned whistleblower Kerry Stonelake claimed that [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech") platforms such as Meta tended to prioritise scale over user safety in developing countries such as India, often treating them as "scale markets". This, according to Stonelake, amplified prevalent issues such as misinformation, harassment, political manipulation, and communal-violence.[\[182\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-182)
Lawsuits
Numerous lawsuits have been filed against the company, both when it was known as Facebook, Inc., and as Meta Platforms.
In March 2020, the Office of the [Australian Information Commissioner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Information_Commissioner "Australian Information Commissioner") (OAIC) sued Facebook, for significant and persistent infringements of the rule on privacy involving the [Cambridge Analytica fiasco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal"). Every violation of the Privacy Act is subject to a theoretical cumulative liability of \$1.7 million. The OAIC estimated that a total of 311,127 Australians had been exposed.[\[183\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-183)
On December 8, 2020, the U.S. [Federal Trade Commission](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission "Federal Trade Commission") and 46 states (excluding Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and South Dakota), the [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C. "Washington, D.C.") and the territory of [Guam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam "Guam"), launched *[Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission_v._Facebook "Federal Trade Commission v. Facebook")* as an antitrust lawsuit against Facebook. The lawsuit concerns Facebook's acquisition of two competitors—[Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") and [WhatsApp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatsApp "WhatsApp")—and the ensuing monopolistic situation. FTC alleges that Facebook holds monopolistic power in the U.S. social networking market and seeks to force the company to divest from Instagram and WhatsApp to break up the conglomerate.[\[184\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-184) [William Kovacic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kovacic "William Kovacic"), a former chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, argued the case will be difficult to win as it would require the government to create a counterfactual argument of an internet where the Facebook-WhatsApp-Instagram entity did not exist, and prove that harmed competition or consumers.[\[185\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-185) In November 2025, it was ruled that Meta did not violate antitrust laws and holds no monopoly in the market.[\[186\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-186)
On December 24, 2021, a court in Russia fined Meta for \$27 million after the company declined to remove unspecified banned content. The fine was reportedly tied to the company's annual revenue in the country.[\[187\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-187)
In May 2022, a lawsuit was filed in Kenya against Meta and its local outsourcing company [Sama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_\(company\) "Sama (company)"). Allegedly, Meta has poor working conditions in Kenya for [workers moderating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_moderation "Content moderation") Facebook posts. According to the lawsuit, 260 screeners were declared redundant with confusing reasoning. The lawsuit seeks financial compensation and an order that outsourced moderators be given the same health benefits and pay scale as Meta employees.[\[188\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-188)[\[189\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-189)
In June 2022, 8 lawsuits were filed across the U.S. over the allege that excessive exposure to platforms including Facebook and Instagram has led to attempted or actual suicides, eating disorders and sleeplessness, among other issues. The litigation follows a former Facebook employee's testimony in Congress that the company refused to take responsibility. The company noted that tools have been developed for parents to keep track of their children's activity on Instagram and set time limits, in addition to Meta's "Take a break" reminders. In addition, the company is providing resources specific to eating disorders as well as developing AI to prevent children under the age of 13 signing up for Facebook or Instagram.[\[190\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-190)
In June 2022, Meta settled a lawsuit with the [US Department of Justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice "United States Department of Justice"). The lawsuit, which was filed in 2019, alleged that the company enabled housing discrimination through targeted advertising, as it allowed homeowners and landlords to run housing ads excluding people based on sex, race, religion, and other characteristics. The U.S. Department of Justice stated that this was in violation of the [Fair Housing Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_Housing_Act "Fair Housing Act"). Meta was handed a penalty of \$115,054 and given until December 31, 2022, to shadow the algorithm tool.[\[191\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-191)[\[192\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-192)[\[193\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-193)
In January 2023, Meta was fined €390 million for violations of the European Union [General Data Protection Regulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Data_Protection_Regulation "General Data Protection Regulation").[\[194\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-194)
In May 2023, the [European Data Protection Board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Data_Protection_Board "European Data Protection Board") fined Meta a record €1.2 billion for breaching European Union data privacy laws by transferring personal data of Facebook users to servers in the U.S.[\[195\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-195)
In July 2024, Meta agreed to pay the state of [Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas "Texas") US\$1.4 billion to settle a lawsuit brought by Texas Attorney General [Ken Paxton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Paxton "Ken Paxton") accusing the company of collecting users' [biometric](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics "Biometrics") data without consent, setting a record for the largest privacy-related settlement ever obtained by a state attorney general.[\[196\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-196)
In October 2024, Meta Platforms faced lawsuits in Japan from 30 plaintiffs who claimed they were defrauded by fake investment ads on Facebook and Instagram, featuring false celebrity endorsements. The plaintiffs are seeking approximately \$2.8 million in damages.[\[197\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-197)
In April 2025, the [Kenyan High Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Court_\(Kenya\) "High Court (Kenya)") ruled that a US\$2.4 billion lawsuit in which three plaintiffs claim that Facebook inflamed civil violence in [Ethiopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia "Ethiopia") in 2021 could proceed.[\[198\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-milmo-2025-198)
In April 2025, Meta was fined €200 million (\$230 million) for breaking the [Digital Markets Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Markets_Act "Digital Markets Act"), by imposing a “[consent or pay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consent_or_pay "Consent or pay")” system that forces users to either allow their personal data to be used to target advertisements, or pay a subscription fee for advertising-free versions of [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") and [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram").[\[199\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-199)
In late April 2025, a case was filed against Meta in Ghana over the alleged psychological distress experienced by content moderators employed to take down disturbing social media content including depictions of murders, extreme violence and child sexual abuse.[\[200\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-200) Meta moved the moderation service to the Ghanaian capital of Accra after legal issues in the previous location Kenya. The new moderation company is Teleperformance, a multinational corporation with a history of worker's rights violation. Reports suggests the conditions are worse here than in the previous Kenyan location, with many workers afraid of speaking out due to fear of returning to conflict zones. Workers reported developing mental illnesses, attempted suicides, and low pay.[\[201\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-201)
In January 2026, a New Mexico state court case was filed, suggesting that Mark Zuckerberg approved allowing minors to access artificial intelligence chatbot companions that safety staffers warned were capable of sexual interactions.[\[202\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-202) In March 2026, a New Mexico jury found that Meta had harmed children’s mental health and safety and violated state law in the case. Meta was ordered to pay \$375 million in civil penalties.[\[203\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-203)
In March 2026, a Los Angeles jury found Meta and YouTube liable in a civil lawsuit alleging their platforms contributed to a user's mental health harm.[\[204\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-204)
UReputation
In 2020,[\[205\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-205) the company UReputation, which had been involved in several cases concerning the management of digital armies\[*[clarification needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify "Wikipedia:Please clarify")*\],[\[206\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-206) filed a lawsuit against Facebook, accusing it of unlawfully transmitting personal data to third parties. Legal actions were initiated in Tunisia, France, and the United States. In 2025, the United States District court for the Northern District of Georgia approved a discovery procedure, allowing UReputation to access documents and evidence held by Meta.[\[207\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-207)[\[208\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-208)
Structure
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mark_Zuckerberg_\(7985185541\).jpg)
[Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), co-founder, chairman and CEO of Meta, in 2012
Management
Meta's key management consists of:[\[209\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb-209)[\[210\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-210)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), [chairman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman "Chairman") and [chief executive officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer "Chief executive officer")
- [Javier Olivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Olivan "Javier Olivan"), [chief operating officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_operating_officer "Chief operating officer")
- [Sir Nick Clegg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Clegg "Nick Clegg"), president, global affairs
- Susan Li, [chief financial officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_financial_officer "Chief financial officer")
- [Andrew Bosworth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bosworth "Andrew Bosworth"), [chief technology officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_technology_officer "Chief technology officer")
- [David Wehner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Wehner "David Wehner"), chief strategy officer
- [Chris Cox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Cox_\(Facebook\) "Chris Cox (Facebook)"), [chief product officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_product_officer "Chief product officer")
- [Jennifer Newstead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Gillian_Newstead "Jennifer Gillian Newstead"), [chief legal officer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_legal_officer "Chief legal officer")
As of October 2022, Meta had 83,553 employees worldwide.
Board of directors
As of June 2024, Meta's [board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_directors "Board of directors") consisted of the following directors;[\[211\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-211)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (chairman, co-founder, controlling shareholder, and chief executive officer)
- Peggy Alford (non-executive director, executive vice president, global sales, [PayPal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PayPal "PayPal"))
- [Marc Andreessen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen "Marc Andreessen") (non-executive director, co-founder and general partner, [Andreessen Horowitz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz "Andreessen Horowitz"))
- [Drew Houston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Houston "Drew Houston") (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, [Dropbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropbox_\(service\) "Dropbox (service)"))
- [Nancy Killefer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_Killefer "Nancy Killefer") (non-executive director, senior partner, [McKinsey & Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company "McKinsey & Company"))
- [Robert M. Kimmitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Kimmitt "Robert M. Kimmitt") (non-executive director, senior international counsel, [WilmerHale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmer_Cutler_Pickering_Hale_and_Dorr "Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr"))
- Tracey Travis (non-executive director, executive vice president, chief financial officer, [Estée Lauder Companies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A9e_Lauder_Companies "Estée Lauder Companies"))
- [Tony Xu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Xu "Tony Xu") (non-executive director, chairman and chief executive officer, [DoorDash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DoorDash "DoorDash"))
- [Hock Tan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hock_Tan "Hock Tan") (CEO of [Broadcom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcom "Broadcom")) [\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Vanian-212)
- [John D. Arnold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Arnold "John D. Arnold") (former [Enron](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enron "Enron") executive) [\[212\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Vanian-212)
- [Dana White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana_White "Dana White") (non-executive director, president and CEO of [UFC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship "Ultimate Fighting Championship"))[\[213\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-213)
- [John Elkann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elkann "John Elkann") ([Stellantis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellantis "Stellantis") chairman, and [Exor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exor_\(company\) "Exor (company)") CEO)[\[214\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-214)
- Charlie Songhurst[\[215\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-215)
Ownership
Meta Platforms is mainly owned by [institutional investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_investor "Institutional investor"), who hold around 80% of all shares.[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-YahooFinance-216) Insiders control the majority of voting shares. The three largest individual investors in 2024 were Mark Zuckerberg, Sheryl Sandberg and Christopher K. Cox.[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Investopedia-217)
The largest shareholders in late 2024/early 2025 were:[\[216\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-YahooFinance-216)
- [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg") (13.5%)[\[217\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Investopedia-217)
- [The Vanguard Group](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Vanguard_Group "The Vanguard Group") (8.8%)
- [BlackRock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackRock "BlackRock") (7.66%)
- [Fidelity Investments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Investments "Fidelity Investments") (6.28%)
- [State Street Corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Street_Corporation "State Street Corporation") (3.97%)
- [JPMorgan Chase](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase "JPMorgan Chase") (2.38%)
- [Geode Capital Management](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geode_Capital_Management "Geode Capital Management") (2.27%)
- [T. Rowe Price](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._Rowe_Price "T. Rowe Price") (1.95%)
- [Capital World Investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_World_Investors "Capital World Investors") (1.86%)
- [Capital Research Global Investors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Research_%26_Management "Capital Research & Management") (1.7%)
- [Morgan Stanley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Stanley "Morgan Stanley") (1.66%)
Company governance
[Roger McNamee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_McNamee "Roger McNamee"), an early Facebook investor and Zuckerberg's former mentor, said Facebook had "the most centralized decision-making structure I have ever encountered in a large company".[\[218\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-218)
Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes has stated that chief executive officer Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies. In an [op-ed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op-ed "Op-ed") in *The New York Times*, Hughes said he was concerned that Zuckerberg had surrounded himself with a team that did not challenge him, and that it is the U.S. government's job to hold him accountable and curb his "unchecked power".[\[219\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-219) He also said that "Mark's power is unprecedented and un-American."[\[220\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-220) Several U.S. politicians agreed with Hughes.[\[221\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-221) European Union [Commissioner for Competition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Competition "European Commissioner for Competition") Margrethe Vestager stated that splitting Facebook should be done only as "a remedy of the very last resort", and that it would not solve Facebook's underlying problems.[\[222\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-222)
Revenue
| Year | Revenue \$ | Growth (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | \$0\.4[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | — |
| 2005 | 9[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 2150 |
| 2006 | 48[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 433 |
| 2007 | 153[\[223\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-facebook-ipo-223) | 219 |
| 2008 | 280[\[224\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-turns-down-224) | 83 |
| 2009 | 775[\[225\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-reported-225) | 177 |
| 2010 | 2,000[\[226\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-likely-226) | 158 |
| 2011 | 3,711[\[227\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-227) | 86 |
| 2012 | 5,089[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2013annual-228) | 37 |
| 2013 | 7,872[\[228\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2013annual-228) | 55 |
| 2014 | 12,466[\[229\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2014annual-229) | 58 |
| 2015 | 17,928[\[230\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2015annual-230) | 44 |
| 2016 | 27,638[\[231\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-AnnualReport2016-231) | 54 |
| 2017 | 40,653[\[232\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-fb2017annuall-232) | 47 |
| 2018 | 55,838[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-autogenerated1-233) | 37 |
| 2019 | 70,697[\[233\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-autogenerated1-233) | 27 |
| 2020 | 85,965[\[234\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-234) | 22 |
| 2021 | 117,929[\[235\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-235) | 37 |
| 2022 | 116,609[\[236\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2022-236) | \-1 |
| 2023 | 134,902[\[237\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2023-237) | 16 |
| 2024 | 164,501[\[238\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2024-238) | 22 |
| 2025 | 200,966[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-Annual10K2025-7) | 22 |
Facebook ranked No. 34 in the 2020 [Fortune 500](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_500 "Fortune 500") list of the largest United States corporations by revenue, with almost \$86 billion in revenue[\[239\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-239) most of it coming from advertising.[\[240\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-240)[\[241\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-241) One analysis of 2017 data determined that the company earned US\$20.21 per user from advertising.[\[242\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-242)
According to [*New York*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_\(magazine\) "New York (magazine)"), since its rebranding, Meta has reportedly lost \$500 billion as a result of new privacy measures put in place by companies such as Apple and Google which prevents Meta from gathering users' data.[\[243\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-243)[\[244\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-244)
| Market | Revenue | Share |
|---|---|---|
| United States | \$59.7 bn. | 36\.3% |
| Europe | \$38.4 bn. | 23\.3% |
| Asia-Pacific (excl. China) | \$26.7 bn. | 16\.2% |
| China | \$18.4 bn. | 11\.2% |
| Rest of the World | \$17.9 bn. | 10\.9% |
| Canada | \$3.5 bn. | 2\.1% |
Number of advertisers
In February 2015, [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook") announced it had reached two million active advertisers, with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser was defined as an entity that had advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days.[\[246\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-246) In March 2016, Facebook announced it had reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the United States.[\[247\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-247) Prices for advertising follow a variable pricing model based on auctioning ad placements, and potential engagement levels of the advertisement itself. Similar to other online advertising platforms like Google and Twitter, targeting of advertisements is one of the chief merits of digital advertising compared to [traditional media](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising#Traditional_media "Advertising"). Marketing on Meta is employed through two methods based on the viewing habits, likes and shares, and purchasing data of the audience, namely targeted audiences and "look alike" audiences.[\[248\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-248)
Scam advertising
According to internal documents analyzed by *[Reuters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters "Reuters")*, Meta projected that 10% of its 2024 revenue (\$16 billion) would come from ads for scams and prohibited goods. Meta estimated that this represented 15 billion "higher risk" scam ads shown per day and that the company's platforms were involved in a third of all successful scams in the US. Rather than banning suspected scammers, Meta decided to charge them higher rates to reduce the profitability of scam campaigns. The company estimated that any regulatory fine would be significantly lower than the revenue from such ads, and an internal document states that the team responsible for vetting questionable advertisers wasn't allowed to take actions that would cost more than 0.15% of Meta's total revenue.[\[249\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-249)
Tax affairs
The U.S. IRS challenged the valuation Facebook used when it transferred IP from the U.S. to Facebook Ireland (now Meta Platforms Ireland) in 2010 (which Facebook Ireland then revalued higher before charging out), as it was building its [double Irish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish "Double Irish") tax structure.[\[250\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-250)[\[251\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-251) The case is ongoing and Meta faces a potential fine of \$3–5bn.[\[252\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-252)
The U.S. [Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017 "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017") changed Facebook's global tax calculations. Meta Platforms Ireland is subject to the U.S. GILTI tax of 10.5% on global intangible profits (i.e. Irish profits). On the basis that Meta Platforms Ireland Limited is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Meta Platforms Inc. would incur a special IP tax rate of 13.125% (the FDII rate) if its Irish business relocated to the U.S. Tax relief in the U.S. (21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate) and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective U.S. rate around 12%.[\[253\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-253)[\[254\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-254)[\[255\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-255)
The insignificance of the U.S./Irish tax difference was demonstrated when Facebook moved 1.5bn non-EU accounts to the U.S. to limit exposure to [GDPR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDPR "GDPR").[\[256\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-reuters-256)[\[257\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-257)
Facilities
Offices
Users outside of the U.S. and Canada contract with Meta's Irish subsidiary, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited (formerly *Facebook Ireland Limited*), allowing Meta to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Meta is making use of the [Double Irish arrangement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Irish_arrangement "Double Irish arrangement") which allows it to pay 2–3% corporation tax on all international revenue.[\[258\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-bloom2010-258) In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in [Hyderabad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyderabad,_India "Hyderabad, India"), India,[\[259\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-259) which houses online advertising and developer support teams and provides support to users and advertisers.[\[260\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-260) In India, Meta is registered as Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd.[\[261\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-261) It also has offices or planned sites in [Chittagong, Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong "Chittagong"); [Dublin, Ireland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin "Dublin");[\[262\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-262) and [Austin, Texas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,_Texas "Austin, Texas"), among other cities.[\[263\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-auto5-263)[\[264\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-264)[\[265\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-265)
Facebook opened its London headquarters in 2017 in Fitzrovia in [central London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_London "Central London"). Facebook opened an office in [Cambridge, Massachusetts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts "Cambridge, Massachusetts") in 2018. The offices were initially home to the "Connectivity Lab", a group focused on bringing Internet access to those who do not have access to the Internet.[\[266\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-266) In April 2019, Facebook opened its [Taiwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan "Taiwan") headquarters in [Taipei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei "Taipei").[\[267\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-267)
In March 2022, Meta opened new regional headquarters in [Dubai](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai "Dubai").[\[268\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-268)
In September 2023, it was reported that Meta had paid £149m to [British Land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Land "British Land") to break the lease on Triton Square London office. Meta reportedly had another 18 years left on its lease on the site.[\[269\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-269)
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meta_Platforms_Headquarters_Menlo_Park_California.jpg "Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in Menlo Park, California")
Entrance to Meta's headquarters complex in [Menlo Park, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menlo_Park,_California "Menlo Park, California")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1601californiaavelobby.jpg "Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the Stanford Research Park, Palo Alto, California")
Entrance to Facebook's previous headquarters in the [Stanford Research Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Research_Park "Stanford Research Park"), [Palo Alto, California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California "Palo Alto, California")
- [](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_the_Facebook_campus.jpg "Facebook headquarters in 2014")
Facebook headquarters in 2014
Data centers
As of 2023, Facebook operated 21 data centers.[\[270\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-270) It committed to purchase 100% renewable energy and to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 75% by 2020.[\[271\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-271) Its data center technologies include Fabric Aggregator, a distributed network system that accommodates larger regions and varied traffic patterns.[\[272\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-272)
Reception
US Representative [Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez "Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez") responded in a tweet to Zuckerberg's announcement about Meta, saying: "Meta as in 'we are a cancer to democracy metastasizing into a global surveillance and propaganda machine for boosting authoritarian regimes and destroying civil society ... for profit\!'"[\[273\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-273)
Ex-Facebook employee [Frances Haugen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Haugen "Frances Haugen") and whistleblower behind the [Facebook Papers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Papers "Facebook Papers") responded to the rebranding efforts by expressing doubts about the company's ability to improve while led by [Mark Zuckerberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg "Mark Zuckerberg"), and urged the chief executive officer to resign.[\[274\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-274)
In November 2021, a video published by Inspired by Iceland went viral, in which a Zuckerberg look-alike promoted the Icelandverse, a place of "enhanced actual reality without silly looking headsets".[\[275\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-275)
In a December 2021 interview, SpaceX and Tesla chief executive officer [Elon Musk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk "Elon Musk") said he could not see a compelling use-case for the VR-driven metaverse, adding: "I don't see someone strapping a frigging screen to their face all day."[\[276\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-276)
In January 2022, Louise Eccles of *[The Sunday Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times")* logged into the metaverse with the intention of making a video guide. She wrote:
> Initially, my experience with the Oculus went well. I attended work meetings as an avatar and tried an exercise class set in the streets of Paris. The headset enabled me to feel the thrill of carving down mountains on a snowboard and the adrenaline rush of climbing a mountain without ropes. Yet switching to the social apps, where you mingle with strangers also using VR headsets, it was at times predatory and vile.
Eccles described being [sexually harassed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_harassed "Sexually harassed") by another user, as well as "accents from all over the world, American, Indian, English, Australian, using racist, sexist, homophobic and transphobic language". She also encountered users as young as 7 years old on the platform, despite Oculus headsets being intended for users over 13.[\[277\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Platforms#cite_note-277)
See also
- [Big Tech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech "Big Tech") – Largest and most influential technology companies in the world
- [Criticism of Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Facebook "Criticism of Facebook")
- [Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal "Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal") – 2010s social media data misuse
- [2021 Facebook leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Facebook_leak "2021 Facebook leak") – Internal document leak
- [Meta AI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_AI "Meta AI") – Artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms
- [*The Social Network*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Social_Network "The Social Network") – 2010 film by David Fincher
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External links
[37°29′06″N 122°08′54″W / 37\.48500°N 122.14833°W](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Meta_Platforms¶ms=37_29_06_N_122_08_54_W_type:landmark_region:US-CA) |
| Shard | 152 (laksa) |
| Root Hash | 17790707453426894952 |
| Unparsed URL | org,wikipedia!en,/wiki/Meta_Platforms s443 |