🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa056)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories","crawl_time":1775778084,"first_indexed_time":1589337526,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance.\nMalaysia Airlines Flight 370\ndisappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from\nKuala Lumpur\nfor\nBeijing\n, with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board.\n[\n1\n]\nNajib Razak\n,\nMalaysia's prime minister\nat the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given.\n[\n2\n]\nDespite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash,\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\nofficial announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed.\n[\n6\n]\nSome of these were described as\nconspiracy theories\n.\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\nAccording to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at\nGoldsmiths, University of London\n, whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created.\n[\n7\n]\nVictims' relatives questioned the veracity of the\nMalaysian government\n's statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in\nBeijing\n, aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts.\nAccording to\nBarbara Demick\nof the\nLos Angeles Times\n, critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the\nJoint Agency Coordination Centre\n's announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014.\n[\n9\n]\nOther factors involve the lack of a\ndistress signal\nfrom the plane.\n[\n10\n]\nSearches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash.\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\n[\n5\n]\nCriticism and response\n[\nedit\n]\nConspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is \"a blatant cover-up.\"\n[\n11\n]\nThey note that a\nBoeing 777\ndoes not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at\nterminal velocity\n. If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams.\n[\n12\n]\nThose criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance.\n[\n13\n]\nHarvard professor\nCass Sunstein\nnoted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories.\n[\n14\n]\nSunstein argued in an interview with\nThe Wall Street Journal\non 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a \"target\".\n[\n14\n]\nDavid Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on\nCNN\n:\nIn an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to.\n[\n15\n]\nTim Black, deputy editor of\nSpiked\n, wrote:  \"...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge [about MH370], that speculation has flourished,\"\n[\n16\n]\nand an editorial in the\nChicago Sun-Times\nnot only stated that \"conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce,\" but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind.\n[\n8\n]\nThe common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia.\n[\n17\n]\nPilot suicide\/mass murder\n[\nedit\n]\nShortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble.\n[\n18\n]\n[\n19\n]\nClaims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family.\n[\n20\n]\nA fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was \"terribly upset\"\n[\n21\n]\nthat his marriage was falling apart.\n[\n19\n]\nPolice were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity.\n[\n18\n]\nFurthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician\nAnwar Ibrahim\n, who\nwas sentenced to jail\non March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated.\n[\n22\n]\nShah was in the courtroom the day before the flight.\n[\n23\n]\nInvestigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared.\n[\n24\n]\nHowever, according to the French journalist\nFlorence de Changy\nwho wrote a book about the flight, dismissing \"100 per cent of the official narrative\",\n[\n25\n]\nShah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his\ntooth crown\nwhen the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8.\n[\n26\n]\n[\npage needed\n]\nNews reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved.\n[\n24\n]\nThe United States'\nFederal Bureau of Investigation\nreconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home\nflight simulator\n; a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that \"nothing sinister\" had been found on it.\n[\n27\n]\n[\n28\n]\nHowever,\nThe Sunday Times\nlater reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway.\n[\n29\n]\n[\n20\n]\n[\n24\n]\n[\n30\n]\nIn 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator.\n[\n31\n]\nThis was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government.\n[\n32\n]\nIn the ATSB's 2017 report \"The Operational Search for MH370,\" new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states:\n[\n33\n]\n[\n34\n]\n\"There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit.\"\nTony Abbott\nwas\nPrime Minister of Australia\nwhen MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: \"My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was\nmurder-suicide\nby the pilot.\"\n[\n35\n]\nShah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide.\n[\n36\n]\nMany aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the\nflap\nand\nflaperon\ndebris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact.\n[\n37\n]\n[\n38\n]\n[\n39\n]\nA book,\nGoodnight Malaysian 370\n, was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to \"provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory\" nor any motive.\n[\n40\n]\n[\n41\n]\nIn 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told\nBBC News\nthat the plane's route was \"probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence\", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of\nPenang\n:\n[\n42\n]\n\"Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang.\"\nIn May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on\n60 Minutes Australia\nthat the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the\nIndian Ocean\n.\n[\n43\n]\nHe said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces.\n[\n44\n]\nThe cockpit had the mandated\nanti-hijacker fortified doors\nthat could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the\nSouthern Ocean\n.\n[\n45\n]\nA British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air.\n[\n46\n]\nIn 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used\nflight simulators\nto support their findings.\n[\n47\n]\n[\n48\n]\nIn 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario.\n[\n49\n]\nThe possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including\nABC News\nand the\nLos Angeles Times\n.\n[\n50\n]\n[\n51\n]\nSpeculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility;\n[\n50\n]\nunofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing.\n[\n51\n]\nNo confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials.\n[\n52\n]\nThe credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015.\n[\n53\n]\nShortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a\nconspiracy\nattack.\n[\n54\n]\n[\n55\n]\n[\n56\n]\nBetween 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul\nRupert Murdoch\ntweeted that Flight 370's disappearance \"confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China  [\nsic\n].\" He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, \"like\nBin Laden\n\". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in\nThe Guardian\n.\n[\n57\n]\nThe following month, the Russian newspaper\nMoskovskij Komsomolets\nendorsed a similar theory, claiming that \"unknown terrorists\" had hijacked the plane, flown it to\nAfghanistan\n, and then held the crew and passengers hostage.\n[\n58\n]\nA story circulated on\nReddit\nthat MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to\nNorth Korea\nas was done in 1969 with a\nKorean Air Lines YS-11\n.\n[\n59\n]\n[\n60\n]\nAcquisition of Freescale staff\n[\nedit\n]\nA variety of social media posts and email\nchain letters\nclaim that a patent (#\n8671381\n) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to\nFreescale Semiconductor\nand 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane.\n[\n61\n]\nThe patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website\nsnopes.com\nsuggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email.\n[\n62\n]\nConspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by\nU.S. Navy SEALs\nand then flown to the\nU.S. Naval base\non the atoll of\nDiego Garcia\n[\n63\n]\nin the\nBritish Indian Ocean Territory\nto bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a\nWhite House\ndaily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary\nJay Carney\nresponded, \"I'll rule that one out.\"\n[\n64\n]\nUnderpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nIn that vein, it was reported by the\nDaily Mirror\n, without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer.\n[\n29\n]\nSeveral mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and\nMale International Airport\n(MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka.\n[\n65\n]\n[\n66\n]\nThese allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found \"nothing suspicious whatsoever\" and said that the\nMirror\n'\ns reports about the simulator's contents were \"unsubstantiated and unsourced\".\n[\n67\n]\n[\n68\n]\nGiving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia.\n[\n69\n]\nIn an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the\nMaldivian\nnewspaper\nHaveeru\nwrote: \"...several residents of\nKuda Huvadhoo\ntold\nHaveeru\non Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident.\"\n[\n70\n]\nThe discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on\nRéunion\nisland, east of\nMadagascar\n, suspected (and later deemed \"highly likely\")\n[\n71\n]\n[\n72\n]\nto be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion,\n[\n73\n]\nout of fears of a terrorist attack.\n[\n73\n]\nHowever, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the\nUniversity of Western Australia\nsaid that \"the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to\nthe expected path of ocean currents\nfrom the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed\".\n[\n73\n]\nMany people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake.\n[\n73\n]\nPhantom cellphone theory\n[\nedit\n]\nSome had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the \"phantom cellphone theory\". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy\/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance.\n[\n74\n]\nHowever, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to\nNBC News\nexplained that the network may still produce \"\nringbacks\n\" as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed.\n[\n75\n]\nA number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane.\nIn an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011,\nEgyptAir Flight 667\nsuffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish.\n[\ncitation needed\n]\nMalaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix\n[\n76\n]\nto the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage.\n[\n77\n]\nAnother suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in\nNorthern Malaysia\n, perhaps\nPenang International Airport\nor\nLangkawi International Airport\n(Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8,\nNigeria Airways Flight 2120\n, where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives.\n[\n78\n]\nIn another accident, involving a fire on a\nMcDonnell Douglas MD-11\non 2 September 1998,\nSwissair Flight 111\nfrom New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of\nHalifax International Airport\n, Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel.\nShoot-down hypothesis\n[\nedit\n]\nAmerican political commentator\nRush Limbaugh\n, according to\nCNN\n, speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down.\n[\n79\n]\nSupporters of this theory have noted that\ncivilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past\n, with\nIran Air Flight 655\nby the United States in 1988 and\nKAL 007\nby the\nSoviet Union\nin 1983 being two frequently cited examples.\n[\n50\n]\nOn 19 March 2014,\nnews agency\nreporter Scott Mayerowitz of\nAssociated Press\ndescribed \"Accidental Shootdown\" as one of seven \"leading, plausible theories\", but added that there was \"no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity\".\n[\n80\n]\nA Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was \"highly not possible\" that his country's air force had shot down the plane.\n[\n81\n]\nAccording to\nThe Financial Express\n, the\nMalaysian Air Force\ndetected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a \"friendly\" aircraft.\n[\n81\n]\nIn May 2014, author\nNigel Cawthorne\n's book\nFlight MH370: The Mystery\nwas published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai\nJoint Strike Fighter\njet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up.\n[\n82\n]\nThe book received considerable criticism, especially from\nThe Australian\n, where it was characterised thus: \"Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers.\"\n[\n83\n]\nRelatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as \"premature and insensitive\".\n[\n84\n]\nIn a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the\nMalaysian Prime Minister\n,\nNajib Razak\n, stated only that the radar \"tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile.\"\n[\n85\n]\nOn 22 December 2014, the former head of\nProteus Airlines\n,\nMarc Dugain\n, claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on\nNaval Support Facility Diego Garcia\nsimilar to the\nSeptember 11 attacks\n.\n[\n86\n]\nThe claims were described by the source article as \"wild\".\n[\n86\n]\nThe hypothesis that a\ncyberattack\nmay have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government.\n[\n87\n]\nLeivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's\nflight management system\n.\n[\n88\n]\nWhether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although\nBoeing\nhas dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were \"confident in the robust protection of all flight[-]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes.\"\n[\n89\n]\nSupporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The\nFederal Aviation Administration\nand other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app.\n[\n90\n]\nVertical entry into the sea\n[\nedit\n]\nTexas A&M University\nmathematics professor\nGoong Chen\nhas argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already.\n[\n91\n]\n[\n92\n]\nMH17 and QZ8501 connections\n[\nedit\n]\nOn 17 July 2014,\nMalaysia Airlines Flight 17\nwas shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline.\n[\n93\n]\nWhen\nIndonesia AirAsia Flight 8501\ncrashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned,\n[\n94\n]\nand that both planes lost contact with\nair traffic control\n.\n[\n95\n]\nThere was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites.\n[\n96\n]\n[\n97\n]\n[\n98\n]\n[\n99\n]\nA post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a \"black hand\" or \"despicable international bully\" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines.\n[\n94\n]\nOther online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information.\n[\n94\n]\nThe theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a\nblack hole\nreceived considerable attention when\nDon Lemon\nasked, on CNN, whether it was \"preposterous\" that it could have happened.\n[\n100\n]\nLemon was criticised for this by former\nU.S. Department of Transportation\nInspector General\nMary Schiavo\n, who, while appearing on CNN, said that \"...a\nsmall black hole\nwould suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that.\"\n[\n101\n]\nTheWire.com\n(which \"wasn't satisfied\" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from\nColumbia University\nastronomy professor\nDavid J. Helfand\nand\nPeter Michelson\n, a professor of physics at\nStanford University\n.\n[\n102\n]\nAnother hypothesis is that a\nmeteor\nmight have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low.\n[\n103\n]\nIn March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the\nNATO Phonetic Alphabet\n, alluded to an\nalien abduction\n.\n[\n104\n]\nThis generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified.\n[\n104\n]\nThe calls were placed using a\nVoIP\nservice and were traced to two hotels in\nPort Blair\n, though the identity of the caller remains uncertain.\n[\n104\n]\nInvestigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax.\n[\n104\n]\nClaims of responsibility\n[\nedit\n]\nOn 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the\nknife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014\nand part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over\nXinjiang\nprovince. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name \"Chinese Martyrs Brigade\" appeared inconsistent with\nUyghur separatist groups\nwhich describe themselves as \"East Turkestan\" and \"Islamic\" rather than \"Chinese\".\n[\n105\n]\n[\n106\n]\n9\/11 conspiracy theories\nMH370: The Plane That Disappeared\n: Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance\nList of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft\nList of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities\nSpecific incidents\nSilkAir Flight 185\n, another disputed crash involving\npilot suicide\nGermanwings Flight 9525\nJapan Airlines Flight 350\nLAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470\nRoyal Air Maroc Flight 630\n2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident\n^\n\"The Search for MH370\"\n.\nUniversity of Southern California\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 July 2017\n. Retrieved\n28 January\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area\"\n.\nMalaysia Sun\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 6 October 2014\n. Retrieved\n29 May\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370\"\n(PDF)\n.\nAustralian Transport Safety Bureau\n. 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from\nthe original\n(Final report)\non 10 March 2020\n. Retrieved\n7 October\n2017\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Le débris d'avion retrouvé fin juillet à La Réunion appartient \"avec certitude\" au vol MH370, annonce le parquet de Paris\"\n(in French). Francetvinfo. 3 September 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 January 2020\n. Retrieved\n11 January\n2020\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"MH370 search: Mozambique debris 'almost certainly' from missing plane\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 April 2016\n. Retrieved\n11 January\n2020\n.\n^\n\"Grief, anger and more questions after Malaysia declares Flight 370 crashed\"\n.\nCBS News\n. Associated Press. 24 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 June 2019\n. Retrieved\n24 March\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nBrotherton, Rob (20 March 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: The allure of the conspiracy theory\"\n.\nNew Scientist\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 April 2015\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Conspiracy theories don't help to understand cause of Malaysian jet's disappearance\"\n.\nChicago Sun-Times\n. 26 March 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 15 October 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2014\n.\n^\nDemick, Barbara (29 May 2014).\n\"Missing Malaysia Airlines jet not in search area, officials say\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 December 2019\n. Retrieved\n4 June\n2014\n.\n^\nSam Frizell (13 May 2015).\n\"The Missing Malaysian Plane: 5 Conspiracy Theories\"\n.\nTime\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 May 2019\n. Retrieved\n13 May\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Now Clearly A Government Cover-Up: All Evidence Contradicts Official Story\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 13 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n8 December\n2014\n.\n^\nWen, Philip (25 March 2014).\n\"MH370: Distrust breeds conspiracy theories\"\n.\nStuff.co.nz\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 October 2018\n. Retrieved\n24 March\n2014\n.\n^\nScruton, Paul.\n\"Missing flight MH370 – a visual guide to the parts and debris found so far\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 April 2020\n. Retrieved\n15 May\n2019\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Flight MH370: Why Are Conspiracy Theories Seductive?\"\n.\nWall Street Journal\n. 20 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 April 2019\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2014\n.\n^\nCNN Transcripts\nArchived\n4 March 2016 at the\nWayback Machine\n– Piers Morgan Live – 26 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.\n^\nBlack, Tim (19 March 2014).\n\"MH370: conspiracy theorists adore a vacuum\"\n.\nSpiked\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 July 2017\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2014\n.\n^\nClara Chooi (7 April 2014).\n\"\n'Untrue' that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar, Hishammuddin says- Malaysia- The Malay Mail Online\"\n.\nThe Malay Mail Online\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 March 2018\n. Retrieved\n24 April\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"FBI to Quiz Wife of MH370 Pilot Amid Talk of Cockpit Hijack\"\n.\nMalaysia Chronicle\n. 24 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\nPolice are also examining reports that he received a two-minute phone call shortly before take-off from a mystery woman using a mobile number obtained using a false identity.\n^\na\nb\nMoran, Lee; Siemaszko, Corey (26 March 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 pilot' in 'no state of mind to be flying,' says friend, as search for missing plane explores possible debris southwest of Australia\"\n.\nNew York Daily News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nSheridan, Michael (22 June 2014).\n\"Suspicion falls again on Malaysia Airlines flight 370's captain Zaharie Shah\"\n.\nThe Australian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\nTan, Lincoln (26 March 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: Pilot in wrong state of mind to fly – friend\"\n.\nNew Zealand Herald\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\nSubramaniam, Pathma (7 March 2014).\n\"Anwar given 5 years' jail after appellate court reverses sodomy acquittal\"\n.\nMalayMailOnline\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 11 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\nDick, Monica (5 November 2014).\n\"Pondering the preposterous\"\n.\nWings Magazine\n. Retrieved\n6 March\n2024\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\n\"Malaysian police investigation names MH370 pilot 'prime suspect'\n\"\n.\nNews.com.au\n. 23 June 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 2 July 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\n\"MH370 conspiracy? Author Florence de Changy says officials misled the public about ill-fated plane\"\n.\nSouth China Morning Post\n. 21 July 2016.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 19 February 2020\n. Retrieved\n12 March\n2019\n.\n^\nFlorence de Changy (2016).\nLe Vol MH370 n'a pas disparu\n. France: Les Arènes.\nISBN\n \n978-2352045328\n.\n^\nThomas, Pierre; Margolin, Josh (2 April 2014).\n\"FBI Finishes Probe into Malaysia Airlines Captain's Flight Simulator\"\n.\nABC News\n. Retrieved\n7 May\n2014\n.\n{{\ncite web\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (\nlink\n)\n^\nMoore, Andy; Donnison, Jon (29 March 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: Chinese and Australian ships draw blank\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 April 2014\n. Retrieved\n9 May\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nRichards, Chris; Warburton, Dan (23 June 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: Missing jet pilot Zaharie Ahmad Shah is prime suspect because he cleared his diary\"\n.\nThe Mirror\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 3 April 2015\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\nSheridan, Michael (22 June 2014).\n\"MH370 pilot 'chief suspect'\n\"\n.\nThe Sunday Times\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 22 June 2014\n. Retrieved\n3 July\n2014\n.\n^\nWise, Jeff (22 July 2016).\n\"Exclusive: MH370 Pilot Flew a Suicide Route on His Home Simulator Closely Matching Final Flight\"\n.\nNew York Magazine\n. New York Media.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 July 2016\n. Retrieved\n22 July\n2016\n.\n^\n\"Malaysia confirms Flight 370 pilot plotted fatal route\"\n.\nCBS News\n. 5 August 2016.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 15 May 2018\n. Retrieved\n15 May\n2018\n.\n^\n\"The Operational Search for MH370\"\n.\nATSB\n.\n^\n\"Missing pilot's flight simulator data deleted\"\n. Al Jazeera. Archived from\nthe original\non 10 March 2024.\n^\nLavalette, Tristan (19 February 2020).\n\"Abbott says top Malaysian leaders suspected pilot of MH370\"\n.\nAP News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 December 2023.\n^\n\"\n'I know my dad well', says Capt Zaharie's son\"\n.\nNew Straits Times\n. 27 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 30 May 2014\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Safety Investigation Report MH370 (9M-MRO)\"\n(PDF)\n.\nMinistry of Transport Malaysia\n.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 28 May 2024.\n^\nKamoulakos, Argiris.\n\"Aspects of analysis and simulation of a flaperon ditching scenario\"\n.\n^\nVance, Larry.\n\"Lessons Learned From MH370 Investigation\"\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 March 2024\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2024\n.\n^\n\"MH370 No accident say NZ authors\"\n. Stuff\/Fairfax. 13 June 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 14 March 2018\n. Retrieved\n19 June\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Kiwi pilot dismisses missing plane fire theory\"\n. Stuff\/Fairfax. 21 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 February 2018\n. Retrieved\n19 June\n2014\n.\n^\nWestcott, Richard (6 March 2015).\n\"Flight MH370: Could it have been suicide?\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 March 2015\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2015\n.\n^\nPalin, Megan (14 May 2018).\n\"Chilling MH370 discovery about how pilot flew undetected, according to aviation experts\"\n.\nnews.com.au\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 13 May 2018\n. Retrieved\n14 May\n2018\n– via\nThe New Zealand Herald\n.\n^\n\"MH370 investigators reveal startling murder-suicide theory over missing plane\"\n.\nThe Independent\n. 14 May 2018.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 April 2019\n. Retrieved\n12 March\n2019\n.\n^\nLandau, Joel (13 April 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines plane may have been 'thrown around like a fighter jet' by a co-pilot: report\"\n.\nNew York Daily News\n. Retrieved\n24 April\n2014\n.\n{{\ncite news\n}}\n:  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (\nlink\n)\n^\n\"Why Planes Vanish: The Hunt for MH370\"\n. BBC iPlayer. 6 March 2024.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 June 2024\n. Retrieved\n7 March\n2024\n.\n^\nBlelly, Patrick; Marchand, Jean-Luc.\n\"Technical and Aeronautical analysis from take-off to the end of the flight\"\n(PDF)\n.\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 5 April 2024\n. Retrieved\n30 April\n2024\n.\n^\nBlelly, Patrick; Marchand, Jean-Luc.\n\"Analyse technique et aéronautique depuis le décollage jusqu'à la fin du vol\"\n(PDF)\n(in French).\nArchived\n(PDF)\nfrom the original on 17 March 2024\n. Retrieved\n30 April\n2024\n.\n^\n\"Independent Investigation Team Presents New Theory On The Disappearance of MH370 - The Aviationist\"\n. 16 September 2023. Archived from\nthe original\non 16 September 2023\n. Retrieved\n26 January\n2025\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nColleen Curry (13 March 2014).\n\"Theories Take Flight Over Disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Jet\"\n. ABC News Internet Ventures.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nBarbara Demick (16 March 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: Hijacking theory gives relatives hope\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"\n'Deliberate Action' Diverted Missing Plane\"\n. BSkyB. 15 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"\n'Deliberate Action' Diverted Missing Plane\"\n.\nTelegraph\n. 31 July 2015.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 February 2024\n. Retrieved\n16 September\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Malaysia Airline MH370: 9\/11-style terror allegations resurface in case of lost plane\"\n.\nThe Daily Telegraph\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 April 2014\n. Retrieved\n18 April\n2014\n.\n^\n\"These are all the Internet's 'best' theories on Malaysia Flight 370s disappearance\"\n.\nThe Washington Post\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n18 April\n2014\n.\n^\nPamela Geller\n(26 March 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: Terrorism expert backs theory of pilot suicide flight\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n18 April\n2014\n.\n^\nMalik, Shiv (16 March 2014).\n\"Rupert Murdoch tweets all kinds of crazy over flight MH370 disappearance\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2014\n.\n^\nRichards, Chris (13 April 2014).\n\"MH370 'hijacked and in Afghanistan': Russian intelligence source claims all passengers and crew are alive but held hostage\"\n.\nDaily Mirror\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 27 May 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 May\n2014\n.\n^\nHartley-Parkinson, Richard (15 June 2014).\n\"Flight MH370: 17 conspiracy theories 100 days on from plane's disappearance\"\n.\nDaily Mirror\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 10 September 2014\n. Retrieved\n4 September\n2014\n.\n^\nMasi, Alessandria (10 March 2014).\n\"Malaysia Air Conspiracy Theory Roundup\"\n.\nVocativ\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 August 2014\n. Retrieved\n4 September\n2014\n.\n^\nPritchard, Tom (29 April 2014).\n\"12 bizarre MH370 conspiracy theories\"\n.\nStuff.co.nz\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 16 September 2018\n. Retrieved\n29 April\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Patent Pending\"\n.\nSnopes.com\n. 13 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n23 June\n2014\n.\n^\nDe Castella, Tom (19 March 2014).\n\"Missing Malaysia plane: 10 theories examined\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2014\n.\n^\nFarrell, Paul (18 March 2014).\n\"MH370: Ban on overflights and delays in sharing data hamper search\"\n.\nThe Guardian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Flight MH370 Facts\"\n. Mediaviews CNN iReport. 29 March 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 May 2014\n. Retrieved\n7 April\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Cops find five Indian Ocean practice runways in MH370 pilot's simulator, BH reports\"\n. malaymail Online. 18 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 18 April 2015\n. Retrieved\n7 April\n2015\n.\n^\n\"FBI Finishes Probe into Malaysia Airlines Captain's Flight Simulator\"\n. ABC News.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 April 2014\n. Retrieved\n8 December\n2014\n.\n^\n\"FBI says nothing sinister on pilot's simulator as search for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 shifts to new area west of Perth\"\n.\nnews.com.au\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 13 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n8 December\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Missing MH370 Was Shot Down by US Military, Claims Former French Airline Boss\"\n. 23 December 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 23 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n23 December\n2014\n.\n^\nFarah, Ahmed; Naif, Ahmed (18 March 2014).\n\"Maldives island residents report sighting of 'low flying jet'\n\"\n.\nHaveeru Daily\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 9 March 2015\n. Retrieved\n8 March\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Plane debris is from missing MH370\"\n.\nBBC News Online\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 August 2015\n. Retrieved\n5 August\n2015\n.\n^\nShahrestani, Vin\n\"MH370: Malaysian government confirms debris is from a Boeing 777\"\nThe\nTelegraph\n(UK), 5 August 2015\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\nLizzie Dearden (31 July 2015).\n\"MH370 'debris' discovery sends conspiracy theories into overdrive about 'shot-down plane'\n\"\n.\nThe Independent\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 August 2015\n. Retrieved\n6 August\n2015\n.\n^\nPickell, Jack (12 March 2014).\n\"9 crazy conspiracy theories about Malaysia Airlines flight 370\"\n.\nBoston.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n24 March\n2014\n.\n^\nColdewey, Devin (10 March 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines Passengers' Phones Ringing? Maybe Not\"\n.\nNBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 22 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Federal Register, Volume 77 Issue 134 (Thursday, July 12, 2012)\"\n. Government Printing Office www.gpo.gov. 12 July 2012.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 March 2016\n. Retrieved\n26 April\n2014\n.\n^\n\"MH370: The key pieces of debris found by the public\"\n.\nBBC News\n. 17 January 2017.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 August 2023\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2024\n.\n^\nGoodfellow, Chris (18 March 2014).\n\"A Startlingly Simple Theory About the Missing Malaysia Airlines Jet\"\n.\nWired\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 April 2014\n. Retrieved\n24 April\n2014\n.\n^\nO'Neill, Ann (22 March 2014).\n\"Flight 370: When facts are few, imaginations run wild\"\n. CNN.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 November 2020\n. Retrieved\n24 March\n2014\n.\n^\nMayerowitz, Scott (19 March 2014).\n\"7 leading theories on disappearance of Flight 370\"\n.\nYahoo News\n.\nAssociated Press\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n25 January\n2015\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Missing Malaysian Airlines MH370 plane not shot down, avers Defence official\"\n.\nThe Financial Express\n. 22 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 28 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n27 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Cover up\"\n.\nYahoo! News\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 19 May 2014.\n^\nFree, David (21 June 2014).\n\"Flying low, cashing in on MH370\"\n.\nThe Australian\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 21 June 2014\n. Retrieved\n26 June\n2014\n.\n^\nPhillips, Tom (8 September 2014).\n\"MH370: Six 'reasons' why plane vanished\"\n.\nThe Telegraph\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 October 2021\n. Retrieved\n19 January\n2015\n.\n^\nMillward, David (24 April 2014).\n\"Malaysian prime minister refuses to declare MH370 lost\"\n.\nThe Telegraph\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 9 March 2021\n. Retrieved\n26 April\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Former Proteus Airlines boss Marc Dugain claims MH370 may have been shot down by US military near Diego Garcia\"\n.\nNews.com.au\n. 22 December 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 22 December 2014\n. Retrieved\n22 December\n2014\n.\n^\nRoss, Philip (16 March 2014).\n\"New Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 'Cyber Hijack' Theory Emerges After 'Vulnerabilities' Found in Inflight System\"\n.\nInternational Business Times\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 24 March 2018\n. Retrieved\n23 March\n2018\n.\n^\n\"Ruben Santamaria to show Black Hat conference how satellite communications systems can be hacked\"\n.\nNewsComAu\n.\nNews Corp Australia\n. 6 August 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 June 2021\n. Retrieved\n28 November\n2025\n.\n^\nGreen, J.J. (25 March 2014).\n\"Boeing rules out cyber sabotage connection to missing plane\"\n.\nWTOP-FM\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 7 April 2014\n. Retrieved\n30 March\n2014\n.\n^\nClayton, Mark (24 March 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Are planes vulnerable to cyber-attack? (+video)\"\n.\nChristian Science Monitor\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 25 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n25 March\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Some comments, questions and answers regarding MH370 (related to the recent work by G. Chen et al.)\"\n(PDF)\n.\nMath.tamu.edu\n. Archived from\nthe original\n(PDF)\non 28 February 2021\n. Retrieved\n14 March\n2023\n.\n^\nMichael Martinez; Don Melvin (14 March 2023).\n\"MH370 possibly plunged straight into ocean, expert says\"\n.\nCnn.com\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 October 2022\n. Retrieved\n6 May\n2025\n.\n^\nDe Castella, Tom (8 September 2014).\n\"Malaysia Airlines MH370: The persistence of conspiracy theories\"\n.\nBBC News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 8 September 2014\n. Retrieved\n8 September\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nBarrell, Ryan (30 December 2014).\n\"AirAsia QZ8501 Conspiracy Theories Are Already Starting To Appear\"\n.\nThe Huffington Post UK\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 2 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n2 January\n2015\n.\n^\n\"Missing AirAsia flight QZ8501 and MH370 share similarities according to aviation experts\"\n.\nNews.com.au\n. 29 December 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 1 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n2 January\n2015\n.\n^\n\"大陆论坛惊现预言帖 两周前警告远离亚航(图) (\nAstonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior\n)\"\n.\n文学城新闻频道 (\nWenxuecity\nNews Channel)\n. 28 December 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 1 February 2015\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2015\n.\n根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... (\nAccording to news from\nWeibo\n, a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on\nTianya Club\nat 8.15pm on the 15th of that month [December], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'...\n)\n^\n\"\n\"神帖\"言中亚航失联 专家表示纯属偶然 (\n\"Legendary\" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts\n)\"\n.\nXinhuanet\n. 1 January 2015. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2015\n.\n发帖者\"老百姓有自己的乐\"劝所有乘客\"远离亚航\"。 (\nThe poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'.\n)\n^\n\"是预言还是窜改日期\"马后炮\"？ 中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 (\nA prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia\n)\"\n.\n南洋网 (Nanyang Web)\n. 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from\nthe original\non 31 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2015\n.\n中国媒体报道，网名\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说：\"国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。(\nThe Chinese media reported that a member of\nTianya Club\nnamed 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive.\n)\n^\n\"亚航客机出事 网曝网友早有神级预测 (\nAirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before\n)\"\n.\nSina.com\n. 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 31 January 2015\n. Retrieved\n30 January\n2015\n.\n一位网名为\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。(\nA netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia\n.)\n^\nStableford, Dylan (20 March 2014).\n\"CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?\"\n.\nYahoo News\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 23 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2014\n.\n^\nGraef, Aileen (20 March 2014).\n\"Former DoT official shuts down CNN's conspiracy theories about flight 370\"\n.\nUPI\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 26 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n26 March\n2014\n.\n^\nAbby Ohlheiser (20 March 2014).\n\"We Asked Astronomers About CNN's Black Hole-Based Malaysian Plane Theory\"\n.\nTheWire.com\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 20 October 2014\n. Retrieved\n14 September\n2014\n.\n^\nMartinez, Michael (21 March 2014).\n\"From 'ghostly' to psychic, theories abound on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\"\n.\nCNN\n.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 25 March 2014\n. Retrieved\n24 March\n2014\n.\n^\na\nb\nc\nd\n\"Conspiracy Fact or Fiction | Twitter voicemail & flight 370\"\n. 3 February 2019.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 5 October 2022\n. Retrieved\n9 October\n2021\n.\n^\n\"\n\"中国烈士旅领导人\"发信称对马航客机失事负责\"\n. 9 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 May 2014\n. Retrieved\n6 May\n2014\n.\n^\n\"Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim\"\n.\nInternational Business Times\n. 10 March 2014.\nArchived\nfrom the original on 6 May 2014\n. Retrieved\n6 May\n2014\n.\nCawthorne, Nigel\n(2014).\nFlight MH370 – The Mystery\n. John Blake Publishing.\nISBN\n \n978-1784181130\n.\nde Changy, Florence (2021).\nThe Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370\n. London: HarperCollins.\nISBN\n \n9780008381530\n.\nDunning, Brian\n(31 October 2017).\n\"Skeptoid #595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370\"\n.\nSkeptoid\n.","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories)\n- [1 Background](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Background)\n  Toggle Background subsection\n  - [1\\.1 Criticism and response](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Criticism_and_response)\n- [2 Pilot suicide\/mass murder](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Pilot_suicide\/mass_murder)\n- [3 Hijacking](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Hijacking)\n  Toggle Hijacking subsection\n  - [3\\.1 Terrorist attack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Terrorist_attack)\n  - [3\\.2 North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#North_Korea)\n  - [3\\.3 Acquisition of Freescale staff](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Acquisition_of_Freescale_staff)\n  - [3\\.4 Diego Garcia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Diego_Garcia)\n  - [3\\.5 Phantom cellphone theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Phantom_cellphone_theory)\n- [4 Fire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Fire)\n- [5 Shoot-down hypothesis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Shoot-down_hypothesis)\n- [6 Cyberattack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Cyberattack)\n- [7 Vertical entry into the sea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Vertical_entry_into_the_sea)\n- [8 MH17 and QZ8501 connections](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#MH17_and_QZ8501_connections)\n- [9 Other theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Other_theories)\n- [10 Claims of responsibility](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Claims_of_responsibility)\n- [11 See also](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#See_also)\n- [12 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#References)\n- [13 Further reading](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Further_reading)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories\n4 languages\n\n- [العربية](https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_370 \"النظريات غير الرسمية لاختفاء رحلة الخطوط الجوية الماليزية 370 – Arabic\")\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia-Airlines-Flug_370#Theorien \"Malaysia-Airlines-Flug 370 – German\")\n- [Српски \/ srpski](https:\/\/sr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_370_Malaysia_Airlines \"Теорије о нестанку лета 370 Malaysia Airlines – Serbian\")\n- [Türkçe](https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malezya_Hava_Yollar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_370_sefer_say%C4%B1l%C4%B1_u%C3%A7u%C5%9Funun_ortadan_kaybolmas%C4%B1_hakk%C4%B1ndaki_teoriler \"Malezya Hava Yollarının 370 sefer sayılı uçuşunun ortadan kaybolması hakkındaki teoriler – Turkish\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q17050014#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to 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[Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q17050014 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nTheories of plane's disappearance in 2014\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [![icon](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Question_book-new.svg) | This article **needs additional citations for [verification](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Verifiability \"Wikipedia:Verifiability\")**. Please help [improve this article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories \"Special:EditPage\/Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories\") by [adding citations to reliable sources](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Referencing_for_beginners \"Help:Referencing for beginners\"). Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. *Find sources:* [\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories\"](https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22) – [news](https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) **·** [newspapers](https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) **·** [books](https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22+-wikipedia) **·** [scholar](https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22) **·** [JSTOR](https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/action\/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22&acc=on&wc=on) *(November 2023)* *([Learn how and when to remove this message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Maintenance_template_removal \"Help:Maintenance template removal\"))* |\n\n| [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") |\n|---|\n| [Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") [JACC](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre \"Joint Agency Coordination Centre\") [Timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Timeline of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") [Satellite communications analysis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_satellite_communications \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 satellite communications\") [Disappearance theories]() |\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:MH370 \"Template:MH370\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:MH370 \"Template talk:MH370\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:MH370 \"Special:EditPage\/Template:MH370\") |\n\n[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/MAS_plane.jpg\/250px-MAS_plane.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:MAS_plane.jpg)\n\n9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance.\n\n[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") disappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from [Kuala Lumpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuala_Lumpur \"Kuala Lumpur\") for [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing \"Beijing\"), with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-1) [Najib Razak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Najib_Razak \"Najib Razak\"), [Malaysia's prime minister](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia \"Prime Minister of Malaysia\") at the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-UnsuccessfulSearch-2) Despite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash,[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) official announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-6) Some of these were described as [conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories \"Conspiracy theories\").[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8)\n\n## Background\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: Background\")\\]\n\nMain article: [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\")\n\nAccording to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at [Goldsmiths, University of London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London \"Goldsmiths, University of London\"), whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)\n\nVictims' relatives questioned the veracity of the [Malaysian government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Malaysia \"Government of Malaysia\")'s statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing \"Beijing\"), aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts.\n\nAccording to [Barbara Demick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbara_Demick \"Barbara Demick\") of the *[Los Angeles Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*, critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the [Joint Agency Coordination Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre \"Joint Agency Coordination Centre\")'s announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-9) Other factors involve the lack of a [distress signal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distress_signal \"Distress signal\") from the plane.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-10) Searches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5)\n\n### Criticism and response\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Criticism and response\")\\]\n\nConspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is \"a blatant cover-up.\"[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-11) They note that a [Boeing 777](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_777 \"Boeing 777\") does not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at [terminal velocity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terminal_velocity \"Terminal velocity\"). If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-12) Those criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-13)\n\nHarvard professor [Cass Sunstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cass_Sunstein \"Cass Sunstein\") noted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) Sunstein argued in an interview with *[The Wall Street Journal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wall_Street_Journal \"The Wall Street Journal\")* on 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a \"target\".[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14)\n\nDavid Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"):\n\n> In an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-15)\n\nTim Black, deputy editor of *[Spiked](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiked_\\(magazine\\) \"Spiked (magazine)\")*, wrote: \"...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge \\[about MH370\\], that speculation has flourished,\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-16) and an editorial in the *[Chicago Sun-Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Sun-Times \"Chicago Sun-Times\")* not only stated that \"conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce,\" but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8)\n\nThe common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-17)\n\n## Pilot suicide\/mass murder\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Pilot suicide\/mass murder\")\\]\n\nShortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Claims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20) A fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was \"terribly upset\"[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NZHerald-pilot-21) that his marriage was falling apart.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Police were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18) Furthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician [Anwar Ibrahim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Ibrahim \"Anwar Ibrahim\"), who [was sentenced to jail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials#Acquittal_overturned \"Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials\") on March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-22) Shah was in the courtroom the day before the flight.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-23)\n\nInvestigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) However, according to the French journalist [Florence de Changy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence_de_Changy \"Florence de Changy\") who wrote a book about the flight, dismissing \"100 per cent of the official narrative\",[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-25) Shah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his [tooth crown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_\\(dental_restoration\\) \"Crown (dental restoration)\") when the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-26)\\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\] News reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)\n\nThe United States' [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") reconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home [flight simulator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_simulator \"Flight simulator\"); a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that \"nothing sinister\" had been found on it.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ABCus_2014-04-02-27)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_2014-03-29-28) However, *[The Sunday Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Sunday_Times \"The Sunday Times\")* later reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29)[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-30) In 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-31) This was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-32) In the ATSB's 2017 report \"The Operational Search for MH370,\" new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states:[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-34)\n\n> \"There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit.\"\n\n[Tony Abbott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Abbott \"Tony Abbott\") was [Prime Minister of Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Australia \"Prime Minister of Australia\") when MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: \"My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was [murder-suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder%E2%80%93suicide \"Murder–suicide\") by the pilot.\"[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-35) Shah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-36)\n\nMany aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the [flap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flap_\\(aeronautics\\) \"Flap (aeronautics)\") and [flaperon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flaperon \"Flaperon\") debris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-37)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-39)\n\nA book, *Goodnight Malaysian 370*, was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to \"provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory\" nor any motive.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-40)[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-41)\n\nIn 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told [BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News_Online \"BBC News Online\") that the plane's route was \"probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence\", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of [Penang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang \"Penang\"):[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-42)\n\n> \"Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang.\"\n\nIn May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on *[60 Minutes Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/60_Minutes_\\(Australian_TV_program\\) \"60 Minutes (Australian TV program)\")* that the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the [Indian Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Ocean \"Indian Ocean\").[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-43) He said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-44)\n\nThe cockpit had the mandated [anti-hijacker fortified doors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airport_security_repercussions_due_to_the_September_11_attacks#Increased_security_on_aircraft \"Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks\") that could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the [Southern Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Ocean \"Southern Ocean\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Landau04-14-45) A British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-vanish-46)\n\nIn 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used [flight simulators](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_simulators \"Flight simulators\") to support their findings.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-48) In 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-49)\n\n## Hijacking\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Hijacking\")\\]\n\nThe possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including [ABC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_\\(United_States\\) \"ABC News (United States)\") and the *[Los Angeles Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) Speculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility;[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) unofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) No confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-52) The credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-53)\n\n### Terrorist attack\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: Terrorist attack\")\\]\n\nShortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a [conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy \"Conspiracy\") attack.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-54)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-55)[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-56) Between 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul [Rupert Murdoch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rupert_Murdoch \"Rupert Murdoch\") tweeted that Flight 370's disappearance \"confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China \\[*[sic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sic \"Sic\")*\\].\" He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, \"like [Bin Laden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osama_bin_Laden \"Osama bin Laden\")\". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-57) The following month, the Russian newspaper *[Moskovskij Komsomolets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moskovskij_Komsomolets \"Moskovskij Komsomolets\")* endorsed a similar theory, claiming that \"unknown terrorists\" had hijacked the plane, flown it to [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan \"Afghanistan\"), and then held the crew and passengers hostage.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-58)\n\n### North Korea\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: North Korea\")\\]\n\nA story circulated on [Reddit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reddit \"Reddit\") that MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\") as was done in 1969 with a [Korean Air Lines YS-11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Air_Lines_YS-11_hijacking \"Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking\").[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-59)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-60)\n\n### Acquisition of Freescale staff\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Acquisition of Freescale staff\")\\]\n\nA variety of social media posts and email [chain letters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chain_letters \"Chain letters\") claim that a patent (\\#[8671381](https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US8671381)) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to [Freescale Semiconductor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freescale_Semiconductor \"Freescale Semiconductor\") and 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-61) The patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website [snopes.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snopes.com \"Snopes.com\") suggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-62)\n\n### Diego Garcia\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Diego Garcia\")\\]\n\nConspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by [U.S. Navy SEALs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy_SEALs \"United States Navy SEALs\") and then flown to the [U.S. Naval base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy \"United States Navy\") on the atoll of [Diego Garcia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diego_Garcia \"Diego Garcia\")[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-63) in the [British Indian Ocean Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory \"British Indian Ocean Territory\") to bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House \"White House\") daily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary [Jay Carney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jay_Carney \"Jay Carney\") responded, \"I'll rule that one out.\"[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-64) Underpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nIn that vein, it was reported by the *[Daily Mirror](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daily_Mirror \"Daily Mirror\")*, without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29) Several mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and [Male International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male_International_Airport \"Male International Airport\") (MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-CNN-DG-65)[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-66)\n\nThese allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found \"nothing suspicious whatsoever\" and said that the *Mirror*'s reports about the simulator's contents were \"unsubstantiated and unsourced\".[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FBISimulator-67)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MirrorUnsubstantiated-68) Giving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia.[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-frenchboss-69)\n\nIn an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the [Maldivian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives \"Maldives\") newspaper *[Haveeru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haveeru \"Haveeru\")* wrote: \"...several residents of [Kuda Huvadhoo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kudahuvadhoo \"Kudahuvadhoo\") told *Haveeru* on Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident.\"[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-70)\n\nThe discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9union \"Réunion\") island, east of [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar \"Madagascar\"), suspected (and later deemed \"highly likely\")[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC33794012-71)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-72) to be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion,[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) out of fears of a terrorist attack.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) However, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the [University of Western Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Western_Australia \"University of Western Australia\") said that \"the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to [the expected path of ocean currents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Ocean_Gyre \"Indian Ocean Gyre\") from the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed\".[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) Many people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73)\n\n### Phantom cellphone theory\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Phantom cellphone theory\")\\]\n\nSome had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the \"phantom cellphone theory\". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy\/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pickell-74) However, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to [NBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_News \"NBC News\") explained that the network may still produce \"[ringbacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ringback_tone \"Ringback tone\")\" as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-75)\n\n## Fire\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: Fire\")\\]\n\nA number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane.\n\nIn an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011, [EgyptAir Flight 667](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EgyptAir_Flight_667 \"EgyptAir Flight 667\") suffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Malaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-76) to the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-77)\n\nAnother suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in [Northern Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Malaya \"Northern Malaya\"), perhaps [Penang International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang_International_Airport \"Penang International Airport\") or [Langkawi International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Langkawi_International_Airport \"Langkawi International Airport\") (Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8, [Nigeria Airways Flight 2120](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120 \"Nigeria Airways Flight 2120\"), where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Goodfellow2014-78) In another accident, involving a fire on a [McDonnell Douglas MD-11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11 \"McDonnell Douglas MD-11\") on 2 September 1998, [Swissair Flight 111](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swissair_Flight_111 \"Swissair Flight 111\") from New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of [Halifax International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halifax_Stanfield_International_Airport \"Halifax Stanfield International Airport\"), Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel.\n\n## Shoot-down hypothesis\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Shoot-down hypothesis\")\\]\n\nAmerican political commentator [Rush Limbaugh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rush_Limbaugh \"Rush Limbaugh\"), according to [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"), speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-79) Supporters of this theory have noted that [civilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_airliner_shootdown_incidents \"List of airliner shootdown incidents\"), with [Iran Air Flight 655](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_Air_Flight_655 \"Iran Air Flight 655\") by the United States in 1988 and [KAL 007](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007 \"Korean Air Lines Flight 007\") by the [Soviet Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union \"Soviet Union\") in 1983 being two frequently cited examples.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) On 19 March 2014, [news agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News_agency \"News agency\") reporter Scott Mayerowitz of [Associated Press](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\") described \"Accidental Shootdown\" as one of seven \"leading, plausible theories\", but added that there was \"no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity\".[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AP-Mayerowitz-Lowy01a-80) A Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was \"highly not possible\" that his country's air force had shot down the plane.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) According to *[The Financial Express](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Financial_Express_\\(India\\) \"The Financial Express (India)\")*, the [Malaysian Air Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Air_Force \"Malaysian Air Force\") detected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a \"friendly\" aircraft.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81)\n\nIn May 2014, author [Nigel Cawthorne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigel_Cawthorne \"Nigel Cawthorne\")'s book *[Flight MH370: The Mystery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_MH370:_The_Mystery \"Flight MH370: The Mystery\")* was published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai [Joint Strike Fighter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Strike_Fighter \"Joint Strike Fighter\") jet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up.[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-82) The book received considerable criticism, especially from *[The Australian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Australian \"The Australian\")*, where it was characterised thus: \"Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers.\"[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-83) Relatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as \"premature and insensitive\".[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-84)\n\nIn a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the [Malaysian Prime Minister](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia \"Prime Minister of Malaysia\"), [Najib Razak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Najib_Razak \"Najib Razak\"), stated only that the radar \"tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile.\"[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-85)\n\nOn 22 December 2014, the former head of [Proteus Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proteus_Airlines \"Proteus Airlines\"), [Marc Dugain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marc_Dugain \"Marc Dugain\"), claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on [Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naval_Support_Facility_Diego_Garcia \"Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia\") similar to the [September 11 attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\").[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) The claims were described by the source article as \"wild\".[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86)\n\n## Cyberattack\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=12 \"Edit section: Cyberattack\")\\]\n\nThe hypothesis that a [cyberattack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberattack \"Cyberattack\") may have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-87) Leivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's [flight management system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_management_system \"Flight management system\").[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-88) Whether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although [Boeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing \"Boeing\") has dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were \"confident in the robust protection of all flight\\[-\\]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes.\"[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-89)\n\nSupporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The [Federal Aviation Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Aviation_Administration \"Federal Aviation Administration\") and other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-90)\n\n## Vertical entry into the sea\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Vertical entry into the sea\")\\]\n\n[Texas A\\&M University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_A%26M_University \"Texas A&M University\") mathematics professor [Goong Chen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goong_Chen \"Goong Chen\") has argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-91)[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-92)\n\n## MH17 and QZ8501 connections\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: MH17 and QZ8501 connections\")\\]\n\nOn 17 July 2014, [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 17\") was shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories-93)\n\nWhen [Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501 \"Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501\") crashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned,[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) and that both planes lost contact with [air traffic control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_traffic_control \"Air traffic control\").[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-8501-01a-95) There was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wenxuecity-96)[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-xinhuanet-97)[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-nanyang-98)[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-sina-99) A post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a \"black hand\" or \"despicable international bully\" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) Other online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94)\n\n## Other theories\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=15 \"Edit section: Other theories\")\\]\n\nThe theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a [black hole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_hole \"Black hole\") received considerable attention when [Don Lemon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don_Lemon \"Don Lemon\") asked, on CNN, whether it was \"preposterous\" that it could have happened.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-100) Lemon was criticised for this by former [U.S. Department of Transportation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Transportation \"United States Department of Transportation\") Inspector General [Mary Schiavo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Schiavo \"Mary Schiavo\"), who, while appearing on CNN, said that \"...a [small black hole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primordial_black_hole \"Primordial black hole\") would suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that.\"[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-101) [TheWire.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\") (which \"wasn't satisfied\" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from [Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\") astronomy professor [David J. Helfand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Helfand \"David Helfand\") and [Peter Michelson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Michelson \"Peter Michelson\"), a professor of physics at [Stanford University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanford_University \"Stanford University\").[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-TheWireDotCom01a-102)\n\nAnother hypothesis is that a [meteor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meteor \"Meteor\") might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-103)\n\nIn March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the [NATO Phonetic Alphabet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO_phonetic_alphabet \"NATO phonetic alphabet\"), alluded to an [alien abduction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alien_abduction \"Alien abduction\").[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) This generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) The calls were placed using a [VoIP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VoIP \"VoIP\") service and were traced to two hotels in [Port Blair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Blair \"Port Blair\"), though the identity of the caller remains uncertain.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) Investigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104)\n\n## Claims of responsibility\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Claims of responsibility\")\\]\n\nOn 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the [knife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Kunming_attack \"2014 Kunming attack\") and part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over [Xinjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinjiang \"Xinjiang\") province. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name \"Chinese Martyrs Brigade\" appeared inconsistent with [Uyghur separatist groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Turkestan_independence_movement \"East Turkestan independence movement\") which describe themselves as \"East Turkestan\" and \"Islamic\" rather than \"Chinese\".[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140309boxuncmb-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140310ibtimescmb-106)\n\n## See also\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=17 \"Edit section: See also\")\\]\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [9\/11 conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9\/11_conspiracy_theories \"9\/11 conspiracy theories\") *[MH370: The Plane That Disappeared](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MH370:_The_Plane_That_Disappeared \"MH370: The Plane That Disappeared\")*: Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance [List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft \"List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft\") [List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities \"List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities\") | Specific incidents [SilkAir Flight 185](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SilkAir_Flight_185 \"SilkAir Flight 185\"), another disputed crash involving [pilot suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilot_suicide \"Pilot suicide\") [Germanwings Flight 9525](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germanwings_Flight_9525 \"Germanwings Flight 9525\") [Japan Airlines Flight 350](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Airlines_Flight_350 \"Japan Airlines Flight 350\") [LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines_Flight_470 \"LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470\") [Royal Air Maroc Flight 630](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Maroc_Flight_630 \"Royal Air Maroc Flight 630\") [2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Horizon_Air_Q400_incident \"2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident\") |\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=18 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"The Search for MH370\"](http:\/\/gis.usc.edu\/msp-resources\/infographics\/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370\/). *University of Southern California*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170715194849\/http:\/\/gis.usc.edu\/msp-resources\/infographics\/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370\/) from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2015.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-UnsuccessfulSearch_2-0)**\n   [\"Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141006122421\/http:\/\/www.malaysiasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/222436235\/scat\/48cba686fe041718\/ht\/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area). *Malaysia Sun*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.malaysiasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/222436235\/scat\/48cba686fe041718\/ht\/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-1)\n   [\"ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200310104643\/https:\/\/www.atsb.gov.au\/media\/5773565\/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (PDF). [Australian Transport Safety Bureau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Transport_Safety_Bureau \"Australian Transport Safety Bureau\"). 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.atsb.gov.au\/media\/5773565\/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (Final report) on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2017.\n4. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-1)\n   [\"Le débris d'avion retrouvé fin juillet à La Réunion appartient \"avec certitude\" au vol MH370, annonce le parquet de Paris\"](http:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/live\/message\/55e\/862\/7a6\/674\/763\/493\/562\/000.html) (in French). Francetvinfo. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200111100458\/https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/live\/message\/55e\/862\/7a6\/674\/763\/493\/562\/000.html) from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.\n5. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-1)\n   [\"MH370 search: Mozambique debris 'almost certainly' from missing plane\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-35888405). *BBC News*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160415013548\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-35888405) from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2020.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"Grief, anger and more questions after Malaysia declares Flight 370 crashed\"](http:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-flight-ended-in-southern-indian-ocean-prime-minister-says\/). *[CBS News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CBS_News \"CBS News\")*. Associated Press. 24 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190619011455\/https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-flight-ended-in-southern-indian-ocean-prime-minister-says\/) from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2014.\n7. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Brotherton2014_7-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Brotherton2014_7-1)\n   Brotherton, Rob (20 March 2014). [\"Flight MH370: The allure of the conspiracy theory\"](https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn25260-flight-mh370-the-allure-of-the-conspiracy-theory.html). *New Scientist*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150426134210\/http:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/dn25260-flight-mh370-the-allure-of-the-conspiracy-theory.html) from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2014.\n8. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-suntimes2014_8-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-suntimes2014_8-1)\n   [\"Conspiracy theories don't help to understand cause of Malaysian jet's disappearance\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141015085438\/http:\/\/www.suntimes.com\/opinions\/26436099-474\/conspiracy-theories-dont-help-to-understand-cause-of-malaysian-jets-disappearance.html). *Chicago Sun-Times*. 26 March 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.suntimes.com\/opinions\/26436099-474\/conspiracy-theories-dont-help-to-understand-cause-of-malaysian-jets-disappearance.html) on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-9)**\n   Demick, Barbara (29 May 2014). [\"Missing Malaysia Airlines jet not in search area, officials say\"](http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/asia\/la-fg-malaysia-flight-mh370-search-20140529-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20191218111606\/https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/world\/asia\/la-fg-malaysia-flight-mh370-search-20140529-story.html) from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2014.\n10. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-10)**\n    Sam Frizell (13 May 2015). [\"The Missing Malaysian Plane: 5 Conspiracy Theories\"](https:\/\/time.com\/20351\/missing-plane-flight-mh370-5-conspiracy-theories\/). *[Time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Time_\\(magazine\\) \"Time (magazine)\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190528113623\/http:\/\/time.com\/20351\/missing-plane-flight-mh370-5-conspiracy-theories\/) from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2014.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Now Clearly A Government Cover-Up: All Evidence Contradicts Official Story\"](http:\/\/www.eyeopening.info\/2014\/03\/25\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-now-clearly-government-cover-evidence-contradicts-official-story\/). [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141213171611\/http:\/\/www.eyeopening.info\/2014\/03\/25\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-now-clearly-government-cover-evidence-contradicts-official-story\/) from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-12)**\n    Wen, Philip (25 March 2014). [\"MH370: Distrust breeds conspiracy theories\"](http:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/world\/asia\/9864556\/MH370-Distrust-breeds-conspiracy-theories). *[Stuff.co.nz](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stuff.co.nz \"Stuff.co.nz\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181009211741\/http:\/\/www.stuff.co.nz\/world\/asia\/9864556\/MH370-Distrust-breeds-conspiracy-theories) from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2014.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-13)**\n    Scruton, Paul. [\"Missing flight MH370 – a visual guide to the parts and debris found so far\"](https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/ng-interactive\/2017\/jan\/17\/missing-flight-mh370-a-visual-guide-to-the-parts-and-debris-found-so-far). *The Guardian*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200416225753\/https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/ng-interactive\/2017\/jan\/17\/missing-flight-mh370-a-visual-guide-to-the-parts-and-debris-found-so-far) from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2019.\n14. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wsj-2014-03-20_14-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wsj-2014-03-20_14-1)\n    [\"Flight MH370: Why Are Conspiracy Theories Seductive?\"](https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/video\/flight-mh370-why-are-conspiracy-theories-seductive\/BA8BBA6E-AB59-4761-933E-D672BCC0F052.html). *Wall Street Journal*. 20 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190424082847\/https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/video\/flight-mh370-why-are-conspiracy-theories-seductive\/BA8BBA6E-AB59-4761-933E-D672BCC0F052.html) from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2014.\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-15)** [CNN Transcripts](http:\/\/transcripts.cnn.com\/TRANSCRIPTS\/1403\/26\/pmt.01.html) [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160304112912\/http:\/\/transcripts.cnn.com\/TRANSCRIPTS\/1403\/26\/pmt.01.html) 4 March 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wayback_Machine \"Wayback Machine\") – Piers Morgan Live – 26 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-16)**\n    Black, Tim (19 March 2014). [\"MH370: conspiracy theorists adore a vacuum\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170725063206\/http:\/\/www.spiked-online.com\/newsite\/article\/flight-mh370-conspiracy-theorists-adore-a-vacuum\/14812). *Spiked*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.spiked-online.com\/newsite\/article\/flight-mh370-conspiracy-theorists-adore-a-vacuum\/14812) on 25 July 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2014.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-17)**\n    Clara Chooi (7 April 2014). [\"'Untrue' that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar, Hishammuddin says- Malaysia- The Malay Mail Online\"](http:\/\/www.themalaymailonline.com\/malaysia\/article\/untrue-that-mh370-avoided-indonesian-radar-hishammuddin-says). *The Malay Mail Online*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180315010048\/http:\/\/www.themalaymailonline.com\/malaysia\/article\/untrue-that-mh370-avoided-indonesian-radar-hishammuddin-says) from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2014.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-MYChronicle-pilots_18-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-MYChronicle-pilots_18-1)\n    [\"FBI to Quiz Wife of MH370 Pilot Amid Talk of Cockpit Hijack\"](http:\/\/www.malaysia-chronicle.com\/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=249772:fbi-to-quiz-wife-of-mh370-pilot-amid-talk-of-cockpit-hijack&Itemid=2&tmpl=component&print=1). *Malaysia Chronicle*. 24 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140714170301\/http:\/\/www.malaysia-chronicle.com\/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=249772:fbi-to-quiz-wife-of-mh370-pilot-amid-talk-of-cockpit-hijack&Itemid=2&tmpl=component&print=1) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014. \"Police are also examining reports that he received a two-minute phone call shortly before take-off from a mystery woman using a mobile number obtained using a false identity.\"\n19. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-NYDN_captain_behaviour_19-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-NYDN_captain_behaviour_19-1)\n    Moran, Lee; Siemaszko, Corey (26 March 2014). [\"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 pilot' in 'no state of mind to be flying,' says friend, as search for missing plane explores possible debris southwest of Australia\"](http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/world\/flight-370-pilot-friend-shouldn-flying-article-1.1734998). *New York Daily News*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140710101554\/http:\/\/www.nydailynews.com\/news\/world\/flight-370-pilot-friend-shouldn-flying-article-1.1734998) from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n20. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Australian-pilot_behaviour_20-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Australian-pilot_behaviour_20-1)\n    Sheridan, Michael (22 June 2014). [\"Suspicion falls again on Malaysia Airlines flight 370's captain Zaharie Shah\"](http:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/business\/aviation\/suspicion-falls-again-on-malaysia-airlines-flight-370s-captain-zaharie-shah\/story-e6frg95x-1226962734150). *The Australian*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140705053302\/http:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/business\/aviation\/suspicion-falls-again-on-malaysia-airlines-flight-370s-captain-zaharie-shah\/story-e6frg95x-1226962734150) from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-NZHerald-pilot_21-0)**\n    Tan, Lincoln (26 March 2014). [\"Flight MH370: Pilot in wrong state of mind to fly – friend\"](http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/world\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11226334). *New Zealand Herald*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140714231120\/http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/world\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11226334) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-22)**\n    Subramaniam, Pathma (7 March 2014). [\"Anwar given 5 years' jail after appellate court reverses sodomy acquittal\"](http:\/\/www.themalaymailonline.com\/malaysia\/article\/anwar-acquittal-reversed). *MalayMailOnline*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141211045652\/http:\/\/www.themalaymailonline.com\/malaysia\/article\/anwar-acquittal-reversed) from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n23. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-23)**\n    Dick, Monica (5 November 2014). [\"Pondering the preposterous\"](https:\/\/www.wingsmagazine.com\/pondering-the-preposterous-11202\/). *Wings Magazine*. Retrieved 6 March 2024.\n24. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Pilot_behaviour_24-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Pilot_behaviour_24-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Pilot_behaviour_24-2)\n    [\"Malaysian police investigation names MH370 pilot 'prime suspect'\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140702153926\/http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/malaysian-police-investigation-names-mh370-pilot-prime-suspect\/story-fnizu68q-1226962811653). *News.com.au*. 23 June 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/malaysian-police-investigation-names-mh370-pilot-prime-suspect\/story-fnizu68q-1226962811653) on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"MH370 conspiracy? Author Florence de Changy says officials misled the public about ill-fated plane\"](https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/hong-kong\/politics\/article\/1992860\/mh370-conspiracy-author-florence-de-changy-says-officials). *[South China Morning Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_China_Morning_Post \"South China Morning Post\")*. 21 July 2016. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200219012652\/https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/hong-kong\/politics\/article\/1992860\/mh370-conspiracy-author-florence-de-changy-says-officials) from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-26)**\n    Florence de Changy (2016). [*Le Vol MH370 n'a pas disparu*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=eKeqCwAAQBAJ). France: Les Arènes. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-2352045328](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2352045328 \"Special:BookSources\/978-2352045328\")\n    \n    .\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ABCus_2014-04-02_27-0)**\n    Thomas, Pierre; Margolin, Josh (2 April 2014). [\"FBI Finishes Probe into Malaysia Airlines Captain's Flight Simulator\"](http:\/\/abcnews.com\/blogs\/headlines\/2014\/04\/no-clues-to-missing-malaysia-airlines-plane-in-captains-flight-simulator\/). [ABC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_\\(United_States\\) \"ABC News (United States)\"). Retrieved 7 May 2014.\n    \n    `{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service \"Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service\"))\n28. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-BBC_2014-03-29_28-0)**\n    Moore, Andy; Donnison, Jon (29 March 2014). [\"Flight MH370: Chinese and Australian ships draw blank\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-26797866). *BBC News*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140427063159\/http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-26797866) from the original on 27 April 2014. 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Retrieved 2 January 2015.\n96. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wenxuecity_96-0)**\n    [\"大陆论坛惊现预言帖 两周前警告远离亚航(图) (*Astonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior*)\"](http:\/\/www.wenxuecity.com\/news\/2014\/12\/28\/3904836.html). *文学城新闻频道 ([Wenxuecity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wenxuecity \"Wenxuecity\") News Channel)*. 28 December 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150201000958\/http:\/\/www.wenxuecity.com\/news\/2014\/12\/28\/3904836.html) from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... (*According to news from [Weibo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sina_Weibo \"Sina Weibo\"), a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on [Tianya Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianya_Club \"Tianya Club\") at 8.15pm on the 15th of that month \\[December\\], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'...*)\"\n97. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-xinhuanet_97-0)**\n    [\"\"神帖\"言中亚航失联 专家表示纯属偶然 (*\"Legendary\" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts*)\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131171451\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2015-01\/01\/c_127351593.htm). *[Xinhuanet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhuanet \"Xinhuanet\")*. 1 January 2015. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2015-01\/01\/c_127351593.htm) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"发帖者\"老百姓有自己的乐\"劝所有乘客\"远离亚航\"。 (*The poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'.*)\"\n98. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-nanyang_98-0)**\n    [\"是预言还是窜改日期\"马后炮\"？ 中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 (*A prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia*)\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131172017\/http:\/\/www.nanyang.com\/node\/671820?tid=1039). *南洋网 (Nanyang Web)*. 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.nanyang.com\/node\/671820?tid=1039) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"中国媒体报道，网名\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说：\"国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。(*The Chinese media reported that a member of [Tianya Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianya_Club \"Tianya Club\") named 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive.*)\"\n99. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-sina_99-0)**\n    [\"亚航客机出事 网曝网友早有神级预测 (*AirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before*)\"](http:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/2014-12-30\/141531344770.shtml). *[Sina.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sina_Corp \"Sina Corp\")*. 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131171709\/http:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/2014-12-30\/141531344770.shtml) from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"一位网名为\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。(*A netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia*.)\"\n100. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-100)**\n     Stableford, Dylan (20 March 2014). [\"CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?\"](https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html). *[Yahoo News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yahoo_News \"Yahoo News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140323102813\/http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html) from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.\n101. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-101)**\n     Graef, Aileen (20 March 2014). [\"Former DoT official shuts down CNN's conspiracy theories about flight 370\"](http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/US\/2014\/03\/20\/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370\/9131395346019\/). *[UPI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Press_International \"United Press International\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140326075056\/http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/US\/2014\/03\/20\/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370\/9131395346019\/) from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.\n102. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-TheWireDotCom01a_102-0)**\n     Abby Ohlheiser (20 March 2014). [\"We Asked Astronomers About CNN's Black Hole-Based Malaysian Plane Theory\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141020170114\/http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/global\/2014\/03\/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory\/359382\/). *[TheWire.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\")*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/global\/2014\/03\/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory\/359382\/) on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.\n103. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-103)**\n     Martinez, Michael (21 March 2014). [\"From 'ghostly' to psychic, theories abound on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\"](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/). *CNN*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140325042955\/http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/) from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.\n104. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-3)\n     [\"Conspiracy Fact or Fiction \\| Twitter voicemail & flight 370\"](https:\/\/www.breezejmu.org\/opinion\/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370\/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html). 3 February 2019. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221005170623\/https:\/\/www.breezejmu.org\/opinion\/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370\/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2021.\n105. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140309boxuncmb_105-0)**\n     [\"\"中国烈士旅领导人\"发信称对马航客机失事负责\"](http:\/\/boxun.com\/news\/gb\/intl\/2014\/03\/201403091656.shtml). 9 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140506101131\/http:\/\/boxun.com\/news\/gb\/intl\/2014\/03\/201403091656.shtml) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.\n106. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140310ibtimescmb_106-0)**\n     [\"Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim\"](http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia). *[International Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Business_Times \"International Business Times\")*. 10 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140506103500\/http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.\n\n## Further reading\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=19 \"Edit section: Further reading\")\\]\n\n- [Cawthorne, Nigel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigel_Cawthorne \"Nigel Cawthorne\") (2014). [*Flight MH370 – The Mystery*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=A_iVAwAAQBAJ&q=flight+mh370+the+mystery). John Blake Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1784181130](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1784181130 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1784181130\")\n  \n  .\n- de Changy, Florence (2021). *The Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370*. London: HarperCollins. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9780008381530](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780008381530 \"Special:BookSources\/9780008381530\")\n  \n  .\n- [Dunning, Brian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Dunning_\\(author\\) \"Brian Dunning (author)\") (31 October 2017). [\"Skeptoid \\#595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370\"](https:\/\/skeptoid.com\/episodes\/4595). *[Skeptoid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Dunning_\\(author\\)#Skeptoid_podcasts \"Brian Dunning (author)\")*.\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Malaysia_Airlines \"Template:Malaysia Airlines\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Malaysia_Airlines \"Template talk:Malaysia Airlines\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Malaysia_Airlines \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Malaysia Airlines\")[Malaysia Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines \"Malaysia Airlines\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| History | [Malayan Airways](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines#History \"Malaysia–Singapore Airlines\") (1946-1963) [Sabah Airways](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sabah_Airways \"Sabah Airways\") (1953-1957) [Borneo Airways](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borneo_Airways \"Borneo Airways\") (1957-1965) [Federation Air Service](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federation_Air_Service \"Federation Air Service\") (1951-1956; 1958-1960) [Malaysian Airways](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines#History \"Malaysia–Singapore Airlines\") (1963-1966) [Malaysia–Singapore Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines \"Malaysia–Singapore Airlines\") (1966-1972) |\n| Accidents and incidents | [MH653](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_653 \"Malaysian Airline System Flight 653\") (1977; 100 fatalities) [MH684](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_684 \"Malaysian Airline System Flight 684\") (1983; no fatalities) [MH2133](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_2133 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133\") (1995; 34 fatalities) [MH370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") (2014; missing with 239 people · [search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") · [timeline](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Timeline of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") · [disappearance theories]()) [MH17](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 17\") (2014; 298 fatalities · [reactions](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown \"International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown\")) |\n| Services | [Destinations](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_destinations \"Malaysia Airlines destinations\") [Fleet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_fleet \"Malaysia Airlines fleet\") |\n| Subsidiaries | [Amal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amal_\\(airline\\) \"Amal (airline)\") [Firefly](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Firefly_\\(airline\\) \"Firefly (airline)\") [MASkargo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MASkargo \"MASkargo\") [MASwings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MASwings \"MASwings\") |\n\n| [v](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Conspiracy_theories \"Template:Conspiracy theories\") [t](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theories \"Template talk:Conspiracy theories\") [e](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:EditPage\/Template:Conspiracy_theories \"Special:EditPage\/Template:Conspiracy theories\")[Conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theory \"Conspiracy theory\") |   |\n|---|---|\n| [List of conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_conspiracy_theories \"List of conspiracy theories\") |   |\n| Overview |   |\n|   |   |\n| Core topics | [Antiscience](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antiscience \"Antiscience\") [Cabals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cabal \"Cabal\") [deep state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deep_state \"Deep state\") *[éminence grise](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89minence_grise \"Éminence grise\")* [power behind the throne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Power_behind_the_throne \"Power behind the throne\") [Conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy \"Conspiracy\") [Civil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Civil_conspiracy \"Civil conspiracy\") [Criminal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Criminal_conspiracy \"Criminal conspiracy\") [Political](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_political_conspiracies \"List of political conspiracies\") [Crisis actors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crisis_actor \"Crisis actor\") [Deception](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deception \"Deception\") [Dystopia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dystopia \"Dystopia\") [Espionage](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espionage \"Espionage\") [Global catastrophe scenarios](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_catastrophe_scenarios \"Global catastrophe scenarios\") [Hidden message](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hidden_message \"Hidden message\") [Pseudohistory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudohistory \"Pseudohistory\") [Pseudoscience](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudoscience \"Pseudoscience\") [Secrecy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secrecy \"Secrecy\") [Secret societies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secret_society \"Secret society\") [Urban legends and myths](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Urban_legends_and_myths \"Urban legends and myths\") |\n| Psychology | [Attitude polarization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization \"Group polarization\") [Cognitive dissonance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cognitive_dissonance \"Cognitive dissonance\") [Communal reinforcement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Communal_reinforcement \"Communal reinforcement\") [Confirmation bias](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Confirmation_bias \"Confirmation bias\") [Denialism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denialism \"Denialism\") [Locus of control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locus_of_control \"Locus of control\") [Manipulation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Manipulation_\\(psychology\\) \"Manipulation (psychology)\") [Mass psychogenic illness](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_psychogenic_illness \"Mass psychogenic illness\") [moral panics](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moral_panic \"Moral panic\") [Paranoia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paranoia \"Paranoia\") [Psychological projection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychological_projection \"Psychological projection\") |\n| Astronomy and outer space |   |\n|   |   |\n| [UFOs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/UFO_conspiracy_theories \"UFO conspiracy theories\") ([Alleged aliens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings \"List of alleged extraterrestrial beings\")) |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Hoaxes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes \"List of UFO-related hoaxes\") | [Dundy County](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dundy_County_UFO_hoax \"Dundy County UFO hoax\") (1884) [Maury Island](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maury_Island_incident \"Maury Island incident\") (1947) [Roswell](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roswell_incident#Roswell_in_UFO_conspiracy_theories_\\(1978%E2%80%93present\\) \"Roswell incident\") (1947) [Twin Falls](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Twin_Falls_saucer_hoax \"Twin Falls saucer hoax\") (1947) [Aztec, New Mexico](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aztec,_New_Mexico_crashed_saucer_hoax \"Aztec, New Mexico crashed saucer hoax\") (1949) [Southern England](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1967_British_flying_saucer_hoax \"1967 British flying saucer hoax\") (1967) [Ilkley Moor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes#Photograph_of_\"an_alien\"_taken_at_Ilkley_Moor_\\(1987\\) \"List of UFO-related hoaxes\") (1987) [Gulf Breeze](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_Breeze_UFO_incident \"Gulf Breeze UFO incident\") (1987–88) [Alien autopsy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alien_Autopsy_\\(1995_film\\) \"Alien Autopsy (1995 film)\") (1995) [Morristown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Morristown_UFO_hoax \"Morristown UFO hoax\") (2009) |\n| Deaths and disappearances |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Assassination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination \"Assassination\") \/  [suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide \"Suicide\") theories | [Zachary Taylor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zachary_Taylor#Assassination_theories \"Zachary Taylor\") (1850) [Ludwig II of Bavaria](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria#Death \"Ludwig II of Bavaria\") (1886) [Louis Le Prince](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_Le_Prince#Disappearance \"Louis Le Prince\") (1890) [Lord Kitchener](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener#Death \"Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener\") (1916) [Tom Thomson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_and_legacy_of_Tom_Thomson#Alternative_theories \"Death and legacy of Tom Thomson\") (1917) [Władysław Sikorski](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy \"Władysław Sikorski's death controversy\") (1943) [Benito Mussolini](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini#Post-war_controversy \"Death of Benito Mussolini\") (1945) [Adolf Hitler](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler%27s_death \"Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death\") (1945) [Subhas Chandra Bose](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose \"Death of Subhas Chandra Bose\") (1945) [Johnny Stompanato](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Killing_of_Johnny_Stompanato#Legacy_and_conspiracy_theories \"Killing of Johnny Stompanato\") (1958) [Marilyn Monroe](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Marilyn_Monroe#Conspiracy_theories \"Death of Marilyn Monroe\") (1962) [John F. Kennedy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories \"John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories\") (1963) [Lee Harvey Oswald](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lee_Harvey_Oswald#Foreign_involvement_in_his_murder \"Lee Harvey Oswald\") (1963) [Lal Bahadur Shastri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri#Death \"Lal Bahadur Shastri\") (1966) [Harold Holt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disappearance_of_Harold_Holt#Conspiracy_theories \"Disappearance of Harold Holt\") (1967) [Martin Luther King Jr.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories \"Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories\") (1968) [Robert F. Kennedy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories \"Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories\") (1968) [Salvador Allende](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Salvador_Allende \"Death of Salvador Allende\") (1973) [Aldo Moro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro \"Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro\") (1978) [Renny Ottolina](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renny_Ottolina#Death_and_legacy \"Renny Ottolina\") (1978) [Pope John Paul I](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories \"Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories\") (1978) [Airey Neave](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airey_Neave#Conspiracy_theories \"Airey Neave\") (1979) [Olof Palme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme#Murder_theories \"Assassination of Olof Palme\") (1986) [Zia-ul-Haq](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq#Theories \"Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq\") (1988) [GEC-Marconi scientists](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GEC-Marconi_scientist_deaths_conspiracy_theory \"GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory\") (1980s–90s) [Turgut Özal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turgut_%C3%96zal#Death_and_exhumation \"Turgut Özal\") (1993) [Vince Foster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_of_Vince_Foster \"Suicide of Vince Foster\") (1993) [Kurt Cobain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain \"Suicide of Kurt Cobain\") (1994) [Yitzhak Rabin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yitzhak_Rabin_assassination_conspiracy_theories \"Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories\") (1995) [Diana, Princess of Wales](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales \"Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales\") (1997) [Vatican murders](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatican_murders \"Vatican murders\") (1998) [Nepalese royal family](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nepalese_royal_massacre#Conspiracy_theories \"Nepalese royal massacre\") (2001) [Yasser Arafat](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death \"Cause of Yasser Arafat's death\") (2004) [Benazir Bhutto](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto#United_Nations_inquiry \"Assassination of Benazir Bhutto\") (2007) [Osama bin Laden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osama_bin_Laden_death_conspiracy_theories \"Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories\") (2011) [Hugo Chávez](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez \"Death of Hugo Chávez\") (2013) [Seth Rich](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Seth_Rich \"Murder of Seth Rich\") (2016) [Alejandro Castro](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alejandro_Castro_\\(activist\\) \"Alejandro Castro (activist)\") (2018) [Jeffrey Epstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Jeffrey_Epstein#Homicide_suspicions_and_conspiracy_theories \"Death of Jeffrey Epstein\") (2019) [Chan Yin-lam](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam \"Death of Chan Yin-lam\") (2019) [Sushant Singh Rajput](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_Sushant_Singh_Rajput#Public_reactions \"Death of Sushant Singh Rajput\") (2020) [John McAfee](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_McAfee#Death \"John McAfee\") (2021) |\n| Accidents \/ disasters | [*Mary Celeste*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Celeste#Myths_and_false_histories \"Mary Celeste\") (1872) [RMS *Titanic*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titanic_conspiracy_theories \"Titanic conspiracy theories\") (1912) [Great Kantō earthquake](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake#Ensuing_violence \"1923 Great Kantō earthquake\") (1923) [Lynmouth Flood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lynmouth_Flood#Conspiracy_theory \"Lynmouth Flood\") (1952) [Dyatlov Pass](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dyatlov_Pass_incident \"Dyatlov Pass incident\") (1959) [Lost Cosmonauts](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lost_Cosmonauts \"Lost Cosmonauts\") (1950s–60s) [JAT Flight 367](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/JAT_Flight_367#Shootdown_conspiracy_theory \"JAT Flight 367\") (1972) [United Air Lines Flight 553](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553#Conspiracy_theories \"United Air Lines Flight 553\") (1972) [Itavia Flight 870](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Itavia_Flight_870#Hypotheses_on_the_causes \"Itavia Flight 870\") (1980) [South African Airways Flight 295](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_African_Airways_Flight_295#Theories_regarding_the_cause_of_the_fire \"South African Airways Flight 295\") (1987) [Khamar-Daban](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khamar-Daban_incident \"Khamar-Daban incident\") (1993) [MS *Estonia*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia \"Sinking of the MS Estonia\") (1994) [TWA Flight 800](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/TWA_Flight_800_conspiracy_theories \"TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories\") (1996) [EgyptAir Flight 990](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EgyptAir_Flight_990#Media_coverage \"EgyptAir Flight 990\") (1999) [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]() (2014) |\n| Other cases | [Joan of Arc](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc \"Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc\") (1431) [Roanoke Colony](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roanoke_Colony#Hypotheses_about_the_colony's_disappearance \"Roanoke Colony\") (1585) [Yemenite children](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yemenite_Children_Affair \"Yemenite Children Affair\") (1948–54) [Elvis Presley](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elvis_sightings \"Elvis sightings\") (1977) [Jonestown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jonestown#Conspiracy_theories \"Jonestown\") (1978) |\n| Body double hoax | [Paul McCartney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_is_dead \"Paul is dead\") [Avril Lavigne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory \"Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory\") [Vladimir Putin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theory_about_Vladimir_Putin%27s_body_doubles \"Conspiracy theory about Vladimir Putin's body doubles\") [Melania Trump](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory \"Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory\") |\n| Energy, environment |   |\n|   |   |\n| United States | [California drought manipulation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory \"California drought manipulation conspiracy theory\") [HAARP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program#Conspiracy_theories \"High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program\") [2024 Atlantic hurricanes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Misinformation_about_the_2024_Atlantic_hurricane_season \"Misinformation about the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season\") [Camp Fire disinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene#Camp_Fire_conspiracy_theory \"Marjorie Taylor Greene\") |\n| [False flag](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/False_flag \"False flag\") allegations |   |\n| [USS *Maine*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Maine_\\(1889\\)#False_flag_operation_conspiracy_theories \"USS Maine (1889)\") (1898) [RMS *Lusitania*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania#Controversies \"Sinking of the RMS Lusitania\") (1915) [Reichstag fire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reichstag_fire#Dispute_about_Van_der_Lubbe's_role \"Reichstag fire\") (1933) [Pearl Harbor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory \"Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory\") (1941) [USS *Liberty*](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Liberty_incident#Ongoing_controversy_and_unresolved_questions \"USS Liberty incident\") (1967) [Lufthansa Flight 615](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lufthansa_Flight_615#Allegations_of_West_German_government_involvement \"Lufthansa Flight 615\") (1972) [Widerøe Flight 933](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wider%C3%B8e_Flight_933 \"Widerøe Flight 933\") (1982) [KAL Flight 007](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_alternative_theories \"Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories\") (1983) [Mozambican presidential jet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash \"1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash\") (1986) [Pan Am Flight 103](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories \"Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories\") (1988) [Oklahoma City bombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oklahoma_City_bombing_conspiracy_theories \"Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories\") (1995) [9\/11 attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9\/11_conspiracy_theories \"9\/11 conspiracy theories\") (2001) [advance knowledge](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theories \"September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories\") [WTC collapse](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories \"World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories\") [Madrid train bombing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Controversies_about_the_2004_Madrid_train_bombings \"Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings\") (2004) [London bombings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_July_2005_London_bombings#Conspiracy_theories \"7 July 2005 London bombings\") (2005) [Smolensk air disaster](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Smolensk_air_disaster \"Smolensk air disaster\") (2010) [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17#Russian_media_coverage \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 17\") (2014) [Denial of the 7 October attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks \"Denial of the 7 October attacks\") (2023) |   |\n| Gender and sexuality |   |\n| [Alpha\/beta males](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alpha_and_beta_male \"Alpha and beta male\") [Anti-LGBTQ](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric \"Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric\") [Anti-gender movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-gender_movement \"Anti-gender movement\") [Chemicals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory \"LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory\") [Drag panic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drag_panic \"Drag panic\") [Gay agenda](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gay_agenda \"Gay agenda\") [Gay bomb](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gay_bomb \"Gay bomb\") [Gay Nazis myth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gay_Nazis_myth \"Gay Nazis myth\") [HIV\/AIDS stigma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_HIV\/AIDS#1981%E2%80%931982:_From_GRID_to_AIDS \"History of HIV\/AIDS\") [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HIV\/AIDS_in_the_United_States#Public_perception \"HIV\/AIDS in the United States\") [Homintern](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric#Homintern \"Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric\") [Lavender Scare](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lavender_Scare \"Lavender Scare\") [Recruitment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric#Recruitment \"Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric\") [Grooming](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory \"LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory\") [Litter box hoax](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax \"Litter boxes in schools hoax\") [Transvestigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transvestigation \"Transvestigation\") [Finger pinching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger_pinching_conspiracy_theory \"Finger pinching conspiracy theory\") [Gamergate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gamergate_\\(harassment_campaign\\) \"Gamergate (harassment campaign)\") [Ideology in incel communities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Incel#Ideology \"Incel\") [Larries](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Larries \"Larries\") \/ [Gaylors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaylor_conspiracy_theory \"Gaylor conspiracy theory\") [Satanic panic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satanic_panic#As_a_moral_panic \"Satanic panic\") [Soy and masculinity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soy_boy \"Soy boy\") |   |\n| Health |   |\n| [5G misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/5G_misinformation \"5G misinformation\") [Anti-vaccination](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-vaccine_activism \"Anti-vaccine activism\") [Autism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccines_and_autism \"Vaccines and autism\") [MMR](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MMR_vaccine_and_autism \"MMR vaccine and autism\") [Thiomersal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thiomersal_and_vaccines \"Thiomersal and vaccines\") [In chiropractic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic \"Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic\") [Misinformation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaccine_misinformation \"Vaccine misinformation\") [Aspartame](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aspartame_controversy \"Aspartame controversy\") [Big Pharma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories \"Big Pharma conspiracy theories\") [Chemtrails](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory \"Chemtrail conspiracy theory\") [COVID-19](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation \"COVID-19 misinformation\") [Ivermectin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic \"Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic\") [Lab leak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory \"COVID-19 lab leak theory\") [Vaccines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy \"COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy\") [Turbo cancer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Turbo_cancer \"Turbo cancer\") In [Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada \"COVID-19 misinformation in Canada\") \/ [Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines \"COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines\") \/ [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States \"COVID-19 misinformation by the United States\") [Ebola](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ebola_misinformation \"Ebola misinformation\") [Electronic harassment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electronic_harassment \"Electronic harassment\") [Germ theory denialism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germ_theory_denialism \"Germ theory denialism\") [GMOs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GMO_conspiracy_theories \"GMO conspiracy theories\") [HIV\/AIDS denialism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HIV\/AIDS_denialism \"HIV\/AIDS denialism\") [Origins theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Discredited_HIV\/AIDS_origins_theories \"Discredited HIV\/AIDS origins theories\") [Oral polio AIDS hypothesis](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis \"Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis\") [Lepers' plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1321_lepers%27_plot \"1321 lepers' plot\") [Medbeds](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medbed \"Medbed\") [SARS](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SARS_conspiracy_theory \"SARS conspiracy theory\") (2003) [Water fluoridation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Water_fluoridation_controversy \"Water fluoridation controversy\") [Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1951_Pont-Saint-Esprit_mass_poisoning \"1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning\") |   |\n| Race, religion, ethnicity |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Antisemitic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antisemitic_trope \"Antisemitic trope\") | [Andinia Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andinia_Plan \"Andinia Plan\") [Blood libel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Blood_libel \"Blood libel\") [Cohen Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cohen_Plan \"Cohen Plan\") [Doctors' plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctors%27_plot \"Doctors' plot\") [During the Black Death](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death \"Persecution of Jews during the Black Death\") [Epsilon Team](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epsilon_Team \"Epsilon Team\") [George Soros](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories \"George Soros conspiracy theories\") [Holocaust denial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_denial \"Holocaust denial\") [Trivialization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_trivialization \"Holocaust trivialization\") [International Jewish conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Jewish_conspiracy \"International Jewish conspiracy\") [Committee of 300](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Committee_of_300 \"Committee of 300\") [Cultural Bolshevism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_Bolshevism \"Cultural Bolshevism\") \/ [Jewish Bolshevism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_Bolshevism \"Jewish Bolshevism\") *[Żydokomuna](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%BBydokomuna \"Żydokomuna\")* [Judeo-Masonic plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory \"Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory\") *[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion \"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion\")* [World War II](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory \"Jewish war conspiracy theory\") [Z.O.G.](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory \"Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory\") [Judeopolonia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judeopolonia \"Judeopolonia\") [Killing of Jesus](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jewish_deicide \"Jewish deicide\") [Kalergi Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kalergi_Plan \"Kalergi Plan\") [New World Order](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_World_Order_\\(conspiracy_theory\\) \"New World Order (conspiracy theory)\") [Rothschilds](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rothschild_family#Conspiracy_theories \"Rothschild family\") [Stab-in-the-back myth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stab-in-the-back_myth \"Stab-in-the-back myth\") |\n| Christian |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Anti-Christian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Christian_sentiment \"Anti-Christian sentiment\") | [Anti-Catholic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Anti-Catholic_conspiracy_theories \"List of conspiracy theories\") [Vatican](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vatican_conspiracy_theories \"Vatican conspiracy theories\") [John Paul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories \"Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories\") [Giuseppe Siri](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papal_election_of_Giuseppe_Siri_theory \"Papal election of Giuseppe Siri theory\") [Popish Plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Popish_Plot \"Popish Plot\") [Jesuits](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jesuit_conspiracy_theories \"Jesuit conspiracy theories\") |\n| [Islamophobic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamophobia \"Islamophobia\") | [Counter-jihad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Counter-jihad \"Counter-jihad\") [Bihar human sacrifice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/OpIndia#Bihar_human_sacrifice_claims \"OpIndia\") [Eurabia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory \"Eurabia conspiracy theory\") [Great Replacement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Replacement \"Great Replacement\") [Love jihad](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Love_jihad_conspiracy_theory \"Love jihad conspiracy theory\") [Proposed \"Islamo-leftism\" inquiry](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamo-leftism#2021_proposed_Vidal_inquiry \"Islamo-leftism\") [Trojan Horse scandal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trojan_Horse_scandal \"Trojan Horse scandal\") |\n| [Genocide denial](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Genocide_denial \"Genocide denial\") \/ [Denial of mass killings](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Template:Denial_of_mass_killings \"Template:Denial of mass killings\") | [Armenian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Armenian_genocide_denial \"Armenian genocide denial\") [Assyrian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sayfo#Denial_and_justification \"Sayfo\") [Bangladesh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bangladesh_genocide#Views_in_Pakistan \"Bangladesh genocide\") [Bosnian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bosnian_genocide_denial \"Bosnian genocide denial\") [Cambodian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cambodian_genocide_denial \"Cambodian genocide denial\") [Gaza](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gaza_genocide_denial \"Gaza genocide denial\") [Pallywood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pallywood \"Pallywood\") [The Holocaust](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocaust_denial \"Holocaust denial\") [Holodomor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holodomor_denial \"Holodomor denial\") [Nanjing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjing_Massacre_denial \"Nanjing Massacre denial\") [Rwandan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rwandan_genocide_denial \"Rwandan genocide denial\") [Serbs during WWII](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia \"Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia\") |\n| Regional |   |\n|   |   |\n| Asia | India [Cow vigilante violence](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India \"Cow vigilante violence in India\") Pakistan [Jinnahpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jinnahpur \"Jinnahpur\") Philippines [Tallano gold](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tallano_gold \"Tallano gold\") South Korea [Finger-pinching](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finger-pinching_conspiracy_theory \"Finger-pinching conspiracy theory\") Thailand [Finland Plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Finland_Plot \"Finland Plot\") |\n| Americas (outside the United States) | Argentina [Andinia Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andinia_Plan \"Andinia Plan\") Canada [Avro Arrow cancellation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow#Cancellation \"Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow\") [Trudeau-Castro conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Justin_Trudeau%E2%80%93Fidel_Castro_conspiracy_theory \"Justin Trudeau–Fidel Castro conspiracy theory\") [Leuchter report](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leuchter_report \"Leuchter report\") Peru [Casa Matusita](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Casa_Matusita \"Casa Matusita\") Venezuela [Daktari Ranch affair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daktari_Ranch_affair \"Daktari Ranch affair\") [Golpe Azul](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golpe_Azul \"Golpe Azul\") |\n| Middle East \/ North Africa | [In the Arab world](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_in_the_Arab_world \"Conspiracy theories in the Arab world\") [10 agorot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10_agorot_controversy \"10 agorot controversy\") [Cairo fire](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cairo_fire#Conspiracy_theories \"Cairo fire\") [Kissinger Plan in Lebanon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kissinger_Plan_in_Lebanon \"Kissinger Plan in Lebanon\") [Israel-related animal theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Israel-related_animal_conspiracy_theories \"Israel-related animal conspiracy theories\") Iran [Western-backed Iranian Revolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_overthrow_of_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi \"Conspiracy theories about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi\") Israel [Pallywood](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pallywood \"Pallywood\") |\n| Russia | [Alaska payment](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alaska_payment_conspiracy \"Alaska payment conspiracy\") [Dulles' Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dulles%27_Plan \"Dulles' Plan\") [Golden billion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Golden_billion \"Golden billion\") [Petrograd Military Organization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tagantsev_conspiracy \"Tagantsev conspiracy\") [Rasputin](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigori_Rasputin \"Grigori Rasputin\") [Ukraine bioweapons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory \"Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory\") |\n| [Turkey](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_in_Turkey \"Conspiracy theories in Turkey\") | [2016 coup attempt](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Staged_coup_reports \"2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt\") [Ergenekon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ergenekon_\\(organization\\) \"Ergenekon (organization)\") [Operation Sledgehammer](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sledgehammer_\\(alleged_coup_plan\\) \"Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)\") [Gezi Park protests](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gezi_Park_protests#Conspiracy_claims \"Gezi Park protests\") [Sèvres syndrome](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/S%C3%A8vres_syndrome \"Sèvres syndrome\") *[Üst akıl](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_conspiracy_theories#%C3%9Cst_ak%C4%B1l \"List of conspiracy theories\")* |\n| Other European | [Euromyth](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Euromyth \"Euromyth\") Georgia [Global War Party](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_War_Party \"Global War Party\") Germany [Vril Society](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vril_Society \"Vril Society\") Ireland [German Plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Plot_\\(Ireland\\) \"German Plot (Ireland)\") Lithuania [Statesmen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Statesmen_\\(conspiracy_theory\\) \"Statesmen (conspiracy theory)\") Roman Republic [First Catilinarian conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Catilinarian_conspiracy \"First Catilinarian conspiracy\") Spain [Mano Negra affair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mano_Negra_affair \"Mano Negra affair\") Sweden [Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lilla_Saltsj%C3%B6badsavtalet \"Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet\") UK [Clockwork Orange plot](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Clockwork_Orange_\\(plot\\) \"Clockwork Orange (plot)\") [Elm Guest House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elm_Guest_House_hoax \"Elm Guest House hoax\") [Harold Wilson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harold_Wilson_plot_allegations \"Harold Wilson plot allegations\") [Voting pencil](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory \"Voting pencil conspiracy theory\") |\n| [United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics \"Conspiracy theories in United States politics\") |   |\n|   |   |\n| [2020 election](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Conspiracy_allegations \"Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election\") | [Italygate](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Italygate \"Italygate\") [\"Pence Card\"](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Pence_Card \"Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election\") [Maricopa County ballot audit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2021_Maricopa_County_presidential_ballot_audit \"2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit\") [Stop the Steal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal \"Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election\") |\n| Other |   |\n|   |   |\n| [Pseudolaw](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudolaw \"Pseudolaw\") | [Admiralty law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maritime_law#Conspiracy_theory \"Maritime law\") [Freeman on the land movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freeman_on_the_land_movement \"Freeman on the land movement\") [Redemption movement](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Redemption_movement \"Redemption movement\") [Sovereign citizens](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sovereign_citizen_movement \"Sovereign citizen movement\") [Strawman theory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Strawman_theory \"Strawman theory\") [Tax protesters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tax_protester_conspiracy_arguments \"Tax protester conspiracy arguments\") |\n| Satirical | [Acre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acre_conspiracy \"Acre conspiracy\") [Bielefeld](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bielefeld_conspiracy \"Bielefeld conspiracy\") [Birds Aren't Real](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Birds_Aren%27t_Real \"Birds Aren't Real\") [Li's field](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Li%27s_field \"Li's field\") [Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme \"Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme\") [Epstein didn't kill himself](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epstein_didn%27t_kill_himself \"Epstein didn't kill himself\") |\n| See also |   |\n| [Argument from ignorance](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argument_from_ignorance \"Argument from ignorance\") *[Conspiracy Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_Encyclopedia \"Conspiracy Encyclopedia\")* [Conspiracy fiction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_fiction \"Conspiracy fiction\") [Conspirituality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspirituality \"Conspirituality\") [Dogma](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dogma \"Dogma\") [pseudoskepticism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pseudoskepticism \"Pseudoskepticism\") [Falsifiability](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Falsifiability \"Falsifiability\") [Fringe science](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fringe_science \"Fringe science\") [Historical negationism](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Historical_negationism \"Historical negationism\") [Online youth radicalization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Online_youth_radicalization \"Online youth radicalization\") [Paranormal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paranormal \"Paranormal\") [Prejudice](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prejudice \"Prejudice\") [Hate speech](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hate_speech \"Hate speech\") [Radicalization](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Radicalization \"Radicalization\") [Science by press conference](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Science_by_press_conference \"Science by press conference\") [Superstition](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Superstition \"Superstition\") |   |\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&oldid=1345709079>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [2014 controversies](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:2014_controversies \"Category:2014 controversies\")\n- [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Category:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\")\n- [Conspiracy theories involving aviation 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nMalaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories\n\n4 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories)","attrs_readable_markdown":"[![](https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/11\/MAS_plane.jpg\/250px-MAS_plane.jpg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:MAS_plane.jpg)\n\n9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance.\n\n[Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\") disappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from [Kuala Lumpur](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kuala_Lumpur \"Kuala Lumpur\") for [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing \"Beijing\"), with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-1) [Najib Razak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Najib_Razak \"Najib Razak\"), [Malaysia's prime minister](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia \"Prime Minister of Malaysia\") at the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-UnsuccessfulSearch-2) Despite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash,[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) official announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-6) Some of these were described as [conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy_theories \"Conspiracy theories\").[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8)\n\nAccording to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at [Goldsmiths, University of London](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London \"Goldsmiths, University of London\"), whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)\n\nVictims' relatives questioned the veracity of the [Malaysian government](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Government_of_Malaysia \"Government of Malaysia\")'s statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in [Beijing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beijing \"Beijing\"), aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts.\n\nAccording to [Barbara Demick](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Barbara_Demick \"Barbara Demick\") of the *[Los Angeles Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*, critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the [Joint Agency Coordination Centre](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre \"Joint Agency Coordination Centre\")'s announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-9) Other factors involve the lack of a [distress signal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Distress_signal \"Distress signal\") from the plane.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-10) Searches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5)\n\n### Criticism and response\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Criticism and response\")\\]\n\nConspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is \"a blatant cover-up.\"[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-11) They note that a [Boeing 777](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing_777 \"Boeing 777\") does not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at [terminal velocity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Terminal_velocity \"Terminal velocity\"). If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-12) Those criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-13)\n\nHarvard professor [Cass Sunstein](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cass_Sunstein \"Cass Sunstein\") noted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories.[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) Sunstein argued in an interview with *[The Wall Street Journal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Wall_Street_Journal \"The Wall Street Journal\")* on 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a \"target\".[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14)\n\nDavid Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"):\n\n> In an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-15)\n\nTim Black, deputy editor of *[Spiked](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Spiked_\\(magazine\\) \"Spiked (magazine)\")*, wrote: \"...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge \\[about MH370\\], that speculation has flourished,\"[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-16) and an editorial in the *[Chicago Sun-Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chicago_Sun-Times \"Chicago Sun-Times\")* not only stated that \"conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce,\" but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind.[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8)\n\nThe common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-17)\n\n## Pilot suicide\/mass murder\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Pilot suicide\/mass murder\")\\]\n\nShortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18)[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Claims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family.[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20) A fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was \"terribly upset\"[\\[21\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NZHerald-pilot-21) that his marriage was falling apart.[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Police were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18) Furthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician [Anwar Ibrahim](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Ibrahim \"Anwar Ibrahim\"), who [was sentenced to jail](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials#Acquittal_overturned \"Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials\") on March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated.[\\[22\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-22) Shah was in the courtroom the day before the flight.[\\[23\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-23)\n\nInvestigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) However, according to the French journalist [Florence de Changy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Florence_de_Changy \"Florence de Changy\") who wrote a book about the flight, dismissing \"100 per cent of the official narrative\",[\\[25\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-25) Shah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his [tooth crown](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crown_\\(dental_restoration\\) \"Crown (dental restoration)\") when the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8.[\\[26\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-26)\\[*[page needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citing_sources \"Wikipedia:Citing sources\")*\\] News reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved.[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)\n\nThe United States' [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation \"Federal Bureau of Investigation\") reconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home [flight simulator](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_simulator \"Flight simulator\"); a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that \"nothing sinister\" had been found on it.[\\[27\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ABCus_2014-04-02-27)[\\[28\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_2014-03-29-28) However, *[The Sunday Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Sunday_Times \"The Sunday Times\")* later reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29)[\\[20\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20)[\\[24\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)[\\[30\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-30) In 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator.[\\[31\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-31) This was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government.[\\[32\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-32) In the ATSB's 2017 report \"The Operational Search for MH370,\" new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states:[\\[33\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-33)[\\[34\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-34)\n\n> \"There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit.\"\n\n[Tony Abbott](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tony_Abbott \"Tony Abbott\") was [Prime Minister of Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Australia \"Prime Minister of Australia\") when MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: \"My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was [murder-suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder%E2%80%93suicide \"Murder–suicide\") by the pilot.\"[\\[35\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-35) Shah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide.[\\[36\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-36)\n\nMany aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the [flap](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flap_\\(aeronautics\\) \"Flap (aeronautics)\") and [flaperon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flaperon \"Flaperon\") debris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact.[\\[37\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-37)[\\[38\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-38)[\\[39\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-39)\n\nA book, *Goodnight Malaysian 370*, was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to \"provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory\" nor any motive.[\\[40\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-40)[\\[41\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-41)\n\nIn 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told [BBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BBC_News_Online \"BBC News Online\") that the plane's route was \"probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence\", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of [Penang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang \"Penang\"):[\\[42\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-42)\n\n> \"Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang.\"\n\nIn May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on *[60 Minutes Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/60_Minutes_\\(Australian_TV_program\\) \"60 Minutes (Australian TV program)\")* that the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the [Indian Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Ocean \"Indian Ocean\").[\\[43\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-43) He said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces.[\\[44\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-44)\n\nThe cockpit had the mandated [anti-hijacker fortified doors](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Airport_security_repercussions_due_to_the_September_11_attacks#Increased_security_on_aircraft \"Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks\") that could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the [Southern Ocean](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Southern_Ocean \"Southern Ocean\").[\\[45\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Landau04-14-45) A British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air.[\\[46\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-vanish-46)\n\nIn 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used [flight simulators](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_simulators \"Flight simulators\") to support their findings.[\\[47\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-47)[\\[48\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-48) In 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario.[\\[49\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-49)\n\nThe possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including [ABC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_\\(United_States\\) \"ABC News (United States)\") and the *[Los Angeles Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Los_Angeles_Times \"Los Angeles Times\")*.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50)[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) Speculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility;[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) unofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing.[\\[51\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) No confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials.[\\[52\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-52) The credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015.[\\[53\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-53)\n\nShortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a [conspiracy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Conspiracy \"Conspiracy\") attack.[\\[54\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-54)[\\[55\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-55)[\\[56\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-56) Between 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul [Rupert Murdoch](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rupert_Murdoch \"Rupert Murdoch\") tweeted that Flight 370's disappearance \"confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China \\[*[sic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sic \"Sic\")*\\].\" He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, \"like [Bin Laden](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osama_bin_Laden \"Osama bin Laden\")\". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in *[The Guardian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Guardian \"The Guardian\")*.[\\[57\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-57) The following month, the Russian newspaper *[Moskovskij Komsomolets](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moskovskij_Komsomolets \"Moskovskij Komsomolets\")* endorsed a similar theory, claiming that \"unknown terrorists\" had hijacked the plane, flown it to [Afghanistan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afghanistan \"Afghanistan\"), and then held the crew and passengers hostage.[\\[58\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-58)\n\nA story circulated on [Reddit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reddit \"Reddit\") that MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to [North Korea](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/North_Korea \"North Korea\") as was done in 1969 with a [Korean Air Lines YS-11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Air_Lines_YS-11_hijacking \"Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking\").[\\[59\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-59)[\\[60\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-60)\n\n### Acquisition of Freescale staff\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Acquisition of Freescale staff\")\\]\n\nA variety of social media posts and email [chain letters](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chain_letters \"Chain letters\") claim that a patent (\\#[8671381](https:\/\/patents.google.com\/patent\/US8671381)) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to [Freescale Semiconductor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Freescale_Semiconductor \"Freescale Semiconductor\") and 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane.[\\[61\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-61) The patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website [snopes.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Snopes.com \"Snopes.com\") suggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email.[\\[62\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-62)\n\nConspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by [U.S. Navy SEALs](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy_SEALs \"United States Navy SEALs\") and then flown to the [U.S. Naval base](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy \"United States Navy\") on the atoll of [Diego Garcia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diego_Garcia \"Diego Garcia\")[\\[63\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-63) in the [British Indian Ocean Territory](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory \"British Indian Ocean Territory\") to bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a [White House](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_House \"White House\") daily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary [Jay Carney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jay_Carney \"Jay Carney\") responded, \"I'll rule that one out.\"[\\[64\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-64) Underpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\]\n\nIn that vein, it was reported by the *[Daily Mirror](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daily_Mirror \"Daily Mirror\")*, without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer.[\\[29\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29) Several mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and [Male International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Male_International_Airport \"Male International Airport\") (MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka.[\\[65\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-CNN-DG-65)[\\[66\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-66)\n\nThese allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found \"nothing suspicious whatsoever\" and said that the *Mirror*'s reports about the simulator's contents were \"unsubstantiated and unsourced\".[\\[67\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FBISimulator-67)[\\[68\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MirrorUnsubstantiated-68) Giving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia.[\\[69\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-frenchboss-69)\n\nIn an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the [Maldivian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maldives \"Maldives\") newspaper *[Haveeru](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haveeru \"Haveeru\")* wrote: \"...several residents of [Kuda Huvadhoo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kudahuvadhoo \"Kudahuvadhoo\") told *Haveeru* on Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident.\"[\\[70\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-70)\n\nThe discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on [Réunion](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A9union \"Réunion\") island, east of [Madagascar](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Madagascar \"Madagascar\"), suspected (and later deemed \"highly likely\")[\\[71\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC33794012-71)[\\[72\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-72) to be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion,[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) out of fears of a terrorist attack.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) However, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the [University of Western Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/University_of_Western_Australia \"University of Western Australia\") said that \"the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to [the expected path of ocean currents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indian_Ocean_Gyre \"Indian Ocean Gyre\") from the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed\".[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) Many people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake.[\\[73\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73)\n\n### Phantom cellphone theory\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: Phantom cellphone theory\")\\]\n\nSome had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the \"phantom cellphone theory\". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy\/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance.[\\[74\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pickell-74) However, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to [NBC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NBC_News \"NBC News\") explained that the network may still produce \"[ringbacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ringback_tone \"Ringback tone\")\" as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed.[\\[75\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-75)\n\nA number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane.\n\nIn an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011, [EgyptAir Flight 667](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EgyptAir_Flight_667 \"EgyptAir Flight 667\") suffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish.\\[*[citation needed](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Citation_needed \"Wikipedia:Citation needed\")*\\] Malaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix[\\[76\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-76) to the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage.[\\[77\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-77)\n\nAnother suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in [Northern Malaysia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Northern_Malaya \"Northern Malaya\"), perhaps [Penang International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penang_International_Airport \"Penang International Airport\") or [Langkawi International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Langkawi_International_Airport \"Langkawi International Airport\") (Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8, [Nigeria Airways Flight 2120](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120 \"Nigeria Airways Flight 2120\"), where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives.[\\[78\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Goodfellow2014-78) In another accident, involving a fire on a [McDonnell Douglas MD-11](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11 \"McDonnell Douglas MD-11\") on 2 September 1998, [Swissair Flight 111](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Swissair_Flight_111 \"Swissair Flight 111\") from New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of [Halifax International Airport](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halifax_Stanfield_International_Airport \"Halifax Stanfield International Airport\"), Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel.\n\n## Shoot-down hypothesis\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=11 \"Edit section: Shoot-down hypothesis\")\\]\n\nAmerican political commentator [Rush Limbaugh](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rush_Limbaugh \"Rush Limbaugh\"), according to [CNN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/CNN \"CNN\"), speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down.[\\[79\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-79) Supporters of this theory have noted that [civilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_airliner_shootdown_incidents \"List of airliner shootdown incidents\"), with [Iran Air Flight 655](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran_Air_Flight_655 \"Iran Air Flight 655\") by the United States in 1988 and [KAL 007](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007 \"Korean Air Lines Flight 007\") by the [Soviet Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_Union \"Soviet Union\") in 1983 being two frequently cited examples.[\\[50\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) On 19 March 2014, [news agency](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News_agency \"News agency\") reporter Scott Mayerowitz of [Associated Press](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Associated_Press \"Associated Press\") described \"Accidental Shootdown\" as one of seven \"leading, plausible theories\", but added that there was \"no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity\".[\\[80\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AP-Mayerowitz-Lowy01a-80) A Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was \"highly not possible\" that his country's air force had shot down the plane.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) According to *[The Financial Express](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Financial_Express_\\(India\\) \"The Financial Express (India)\")*, the [Malaysian Air Force](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysian_Air_Force \"Malaysian Air Force\") detected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a \"friendly\" aircraft.[\\[81\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81)\n\nIn May 2014, author [Nigel Cawthorne](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigel_Cawthorne \"Nigel Cawthorne\")'s book *[Flight MH370: The Mystery](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_MH370:_The_Mystery \"Flight MH370: The Mystery\")* was published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai [Joint Strike Fighter](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joint_Strike_Fighter \"Joint Strike Fighter\") jet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up.[\\[82\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-82) The book received considerable criticism, especially from *[The Australian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Australian \"The Australian\")*, where it was characterised thus: \"Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers.\"[\\[83\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-83) Relatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as \"premature and insensitive\".[\\[84\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-84)\n\nIn a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the [Malaysian Prime Minister](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia \"Prime Minister of Malaysia\"), [Najib Razak](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Najib_Razak \"Najib Razak\"), stated only that the radar \"tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile.\"[\\[85\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-85)\n\nOn 22 December 2014, the former head of [Proteus Airlines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proteus_Airlines \"Proteus Airlines\"), [Marc Dugain](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marc_Dugain \"Marc Dugain\"), claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on [Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Naval_Support_Facility_Diego_Garcia \"Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia\") similar to the [September 11 attacks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/September_11_attacks \"September 11 attacks\").[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) The claims were described by the source article as \"wild\".[\\[86\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86)\n\nThe hypothesis that a [cyberattack](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyberattack \"Cyberattack\") may have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government.[\\[87\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-87) Leivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's [flight management system](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flight_management_system \"Flight management system\").[\\[88\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-88) Whether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although [Boeing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boeing \"Boeing\") has dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were \"confident in the robust protection of all flight\\[-\\]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes.\"[\\[89\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-89)\n\nSupporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The [Federal Aviation Administration](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_Aviation_Administration \"Federal Aviation Administration\") and other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app.[\\[90\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-90)\n\n## Vertical entry into the sea\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=13 \"Edit section: Vertical entry into the sea\")\\]\n\n[Texas A\\&M University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Texas_A%26M_University \"Texas A&M University\") mathematics professor [Goong Chen](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Goong_Chen \"Goong Chen\") has argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already.[\\[91\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-91)[\\[92\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-92)\n\n## MH17 and QZ8501 connections\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=14 \"Edit section: MH17 and QZ8501 connections\")\\]\n\nOn 17 July 2014, [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 \"Malaysia Airlines Flight 17\") was shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline.[\\[93\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories-93)\n\nWhen [Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501 \"Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501\") crashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned,[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) and that both planes lost contact with [air traffic control](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Air_traffic_control \"Air traffic control\").[\\[95\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-8501-01a-95) There was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites.[\\[96\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wenxuecity-96)[\\[97\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-xinhuanet-97)[\\[98\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-nanyang-98)[\\[99\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-sina-99) A post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a \"black hand\" or \"despicable international bully\" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) Other online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information.[\\[94\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94)\n\nThe theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a [black hole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Black_hole \"Black hole\") received considerable attention when [Don Lemon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Don_Lemon \"Don Lemon\") asked, on CNN, whether it was \"preposterous\" that it could have happened.[\\[100\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-100) Lemon was criticised for this by former [U.S. Department of Transportation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Department_of_Transportation \"United States Department of Transportation\") Inspector General [Mary Schiavo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mary_Schiavo \"Mary Schiavo\"), who, while appearing on CNN, said that \"...a [small black hole](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Primordial_black_hole \"Primordial black hole\") would suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that.\"[\\[101\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-101) [TheWire.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\") (which \"wasn't satisfied\" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from [Columbia University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Columbia_University \"Columbia University\") astronomy professor [David J. Helfand](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Helfand \"David Helfand\") and [Peter Michelson](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Michelson \"Peter Michelson\"), a professor of physics at [Stanford University](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanford_University \"Stanford University\").[\\[102\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-TheWireDotCom01a-102)\n\nAnother hypothesis is that a [meteor](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meteor \"Meteor\") might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low.[\\[103\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-103)\n\nIn March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the [NATO Phonetic Alphabet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NATO_phonetic_alphabet \"NATO phonetic alphabet\"), alluded to an [alien abduction](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alien_abduction \"Alien abduction\").[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) This generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) The calls were placed using a [VoIP](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VoIP \"VoIP\") service and were traced to two hotels in [Port Blair](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Port_Blair \"Port Blair\"), though the identity of the caller remains uncertain.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) Investigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax.[\\[104\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104)\n\n## Claims of responsibility\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=16 \"Edit section: Claims of responsibility\")\\]\n\nOn 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the [knife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2014_Kunming_attack \"2014 Kunming attack\") and part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over [Xinjiang](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinjiang \"Xinjiang\") province. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name \"Chinese Martyrs Brigade\" appeared inconsistent with [Uyghur separatist groups](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Turkestan_independence_movement \"East Turkestan independence movement\") which describe themselves as \"East Turkestan\" and \"Islamic\" rather than \"Chinese\".[\\[105\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140309boxuncmb-105)[\\[106\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140310ibtimescmb-106)\n\n|   |   |\n|---|---|\n| [9\/11 conspiracy theories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9\/11_conspiracy_theories \"9\/11 conspiracy theories\") *[MH370: The Plane That Disappeared](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/MH370:_The_Plane_That_Disappeared \"MH370: The Plane That Disappeared\")*: Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance [List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft \"List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft\") [List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities \"List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities\") | Specific incidents [SilkAir Flight 185](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SilkAir_Flight_185 \"SilkAir Flight 185\"), another disputed crash involving [pilot suicide](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pilot_suicide \"Pilot suicide\") [Germanwings Flight 9525](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germanwings_Flight_9525 \"Germanwings Flight 9525\") [Japan Airlines Flight 350](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Japan_Airlines_Flight_350 \"Japan Airlines Flight 350\") [LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines_Flight_470 \"LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470\") [Royal Air Maroc Flight 630](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Royal_Air_Maroc_Flight_630 \"Royal Air Maroc Flight 630\") [2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/2018_Horizon_Air_Q400_incident \"2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident\") |\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"The Search for MH370\"](http:\/\/gis.usc.edu\/msp-resources\/infographics\/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370\/). *University of Southern California*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170715194849\/http:\/\/gis.usc.edu\/msp-resources\/infographics\/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370\/) from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2015.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-UnsuccessfulSearch_2-0)**\n   [\"Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141006122421\/http:\/\/www.malaysiasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/222436235\/scat\/48cba686fe041718\/ht\/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area). *Malaysia Sun*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.malaysiasun.com\/index.php\/sid\/222436235\/scat\/48cba686fe041718\/ht\/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014.\n3. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-1)\n   [\"ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200310104643\/https:\/\/www.atsb.gov.au\/media\/5773565\/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (PDF). [Australian Transport Safety Bureau](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Transport_Safety_Bureau \"Australian Transport Safety Bureau\"). 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.atsb.gov.au\/media\/5773565\/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (Final report) on 10 March 2020. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140705053302\/http:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/business\/aviation\/suspicion-falls-again-on-malaysia-airlines-flight-370s-captain-zaharie-shah\/story-e6frg95x-1226962734150) from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n21. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-NZHerald-pilot_21-0)**\n    Tan, Lincoln (26 March 2014). [\"Flight MH370: Pilot in wrong state of mind to fly – friend\"](http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/world\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11226334). *New Zealand Herald*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140714231120\/http:\/\/www.nzherald.co.nz\/world\/news\/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11226334) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n22. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-22)**\n    Subramaniam, Pathma (7 March 2014). 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Retrieved 3 July 2014.\n25. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-25)**\n    [\"MH370 conspiracy? Author Florence de Changy says officials misled the public about ill-fated plane\"](https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/hong-kong\/politics\/article\/1992860\/mh370-conspiracy-author-florence-de-changy-says-officials). *[South China Morning Post](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/South_China_Morning_Post \"South China Morning Post\")*. 21 July 2016. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200219012652\/https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/news\/hong-kong\/politics\/article\/1992860\/mh370-conspiracy-author-florence-de-changy-says-officials) from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.\n26. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-26)**\n    Florence de Changy (2016). [*Le Vol MH370 n'a pas disparu*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=eKeqCwAAQBAJ). France: Les Arènes. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n    \n    [978-2352045328](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-2352045328 \"Special:BookSources\/978-2352045328\")\n    \n    .\n27. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ABCus_2014-04-02_27-0)**\n    Thomas, Pierre; Margolin, Josh (2 April 2014). [\"FBI Finishes Probe into Malaysia Airlines Captain's Flight Simulator\"](http:\/\/abcnews.com\/blogs\/headlines\/2014\/04\/no-clues-to-missing-malaysia-airlines-plane-in-captains-flight-simulator\/). [ABC News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ABC_News_\\(United_States\\) \"ABC News (United States)\"). 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Retrieved 22 July 2016.\n32. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-32)**\n    [\"Malaysia confirms Flight 370 pilot plotted fatal route\"](https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/malaysia-confirms-flight-370-pilot-plotted-fatal-route\/). *CBS News*. 5 August 2016. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180515044258\/https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/malaysia-confirms-flight-370-pilot-plotted-fatal-route\/) from the original on 15 May 2018. 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[\"MH370 'debris' discovery sends conspiracy theories into overdrive about 'shot-down plane'\"](https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/mh370-debris-discovery-sends-conspiracy-theories-into-overdrive-about-shotdown-plane-10430576.html). *The Independent*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150802230837\/http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/mh370-debris-discovery-sends-conspiracy-theories-into-overdrive-about-shotdown-plane-10430576.html) from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 6 August 2015.\n74. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Pickell_74-0)**\n    Pickell, Jack (12 March 2014). [\"9 crazy conspiracy theories about Malaysia Airlines flight 370\"](http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/source\/2014\/03\/9_crazy_conspiracy_theories_about_malaysian_airlines_flight.html). *Boston.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140322120716\/http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/source\/2014\/03\/9_crazy_conspiracy_theories_about_malaysian_airlines_flight.html) from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.\n75. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-75)**\n    Coldewey, Devin (10 March 2014). [\"Malaysia Airlines Passengers' Phones Ringing? Maybe Not\"](http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/missing-jet\/malaysia-airlines-passengers-phones-ringing-maybe-not-n49371). *NBC News*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140322110109\/http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/storyline\/missing-jet\/malaysia-airlines-passengers-phones-ringing-maybe-not-n49371) from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.\n76. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-76)**\n    [\"Federal Register, Volume 77 Issue 134 (Thursday, July 12, 2012)\"](https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2012-07-12\/html\/2012-15893.htm). Government Printing Office www.gpo.gov. 12 July 2012. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160306142315\/https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/FR-2012-07-12\/html\/2012-15893.htm) from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2014.\n77. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-77)**\n    [\"MH370: The key pieces of debris found by the public\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-37820122). *BBC News*. 17 January 2017. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230808213047\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-37820122) from the original on 8 August 2023. 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Retrieved 25 January 2015.\n81. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-FinExpress01a_81-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-FinExpress01a_81-1)\n    [\"Missing Malaysian Airlines MH370 plane not shot down, avers Defence official\"](http:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/news\/missing-malaysian-airlines-plane-not-shot-down-defence-official\/1234863). *The Financial Express*. 22 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140328010928\/http:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/news\/missing-malaysian-airlines-plane-not-shot-down-defence-official\/1234863) from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014.\n82. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-82)**\n    [\"Cover up\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140519065213\/https:\/\/au.news.yahoo.com\/world\/a\/23639246\/mh370-may-have-been-shot-down-by-mistake-during-military-operation\/). *[Yahoo! News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yahoo!_News \"Yahoo! News\")*. Archived from [the original](https:\/\/au.news.yahoo.com\/world\/a\/23639246\/mh370-may-have-been-shot-down-by-mistake-during-military-operation\/) on 19 May 2014.\n83. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-83)**\n    Free, David (21 June 2014). [\"Flying low, cashing in on MH370\"](http:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/arts\/review\/flying-low-cashing-in-on-mh370\/story-fn9n8gph-1226960235823). *[The Australian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Australian \"The Australian\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140621172238\/http:\/\/www.theaustralian.com.au\/arts\/review\/flying-low-cashing-in-on-mh370\/story-fn9n8gph-1226960235823) from the original on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.\n84. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-84)**\n    Phillips, Tom (8 September 2014). [\"MH370: Six 'reasons' why plane vanished\"](https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/malaysia\/11078770\/MH370-Six-reasons-why-plane-vanished.html). *The Telegraph*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20211001222835\/https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/malaysia\/11078770\/MH370-Six-reasons-why-plane-vanished.html) from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2015.\n85. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-85)**\n    Millward, David (24 April 2014). [\"Malaysian prime minister refuses to declare MH370 lost\"](https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/malaysia\/10786456\/Malaysian-prime-minister-refuses-to-declare-MH370-lost.html). *The Telegraph*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210309193753\/http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/worldnews\/asia\/malaysia\/10786456\/Malaysian-prime-minister-refuses-to-declare-MH370-lost.html) from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 26 April 2014.\n86. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-AU_86-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-AU_86-1)\n    [\"Former Proteus Airlines boss Marc Dugain claims MH370 may have been shot down by US military near Diego Garcia\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141222113209\/http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/former-proteus-airlines-boss-marc-dugain-claims-mh370-may-have-been-shot-down-by-us-military-near-diego-garcia\/story-fnizu68q-1227164555636). *News.com.au*. 22 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/former-proteus-airlines-boss-marc-dugain-claims-mh370-may-have-been-shot-down-by-us-military-near-diego-garcia\/story-fnizu68q-1227164555636) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2014.\n87. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-87)**\n    Ross, Philip (16 March 2014). [\"New Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 'Cyber Hijack' Theory Emerges After 'Vulnerabilities' Found in Inflight System\"](http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/new-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370-cyber-hijack-theory-emerges-after-vulnerabilities-1561723?ft=74gk7). *[International Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Business_Times \"International Business Times\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180324041626\/http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/new-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370-cyber-hijack-theory-emerges-after-vulnerabilities-1561723?ft=74gk7) from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.\n88. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-88)**\n    [\"Ruben Santamaria to show Black Hat conference how satellite communications systems can be hacked\"](https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/technology\/online\/hacking\/ruben-santamaria-to-show-black-hat-conference-how-satellite-communications-systems-can-be-hacked\/news-story\/2628c0c547fa1fadf938499c0813ce94). *[NewsComAu](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NewsComAu \"NewsComAu\")*. [News Corp Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News_Corp_Australia \"News Corp Australia\"). 6 August 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210623180112\/https:\/\/www.news.com.au\/technology\/online\/hacking\/ruben-santamaria-to-show-black-hat-conference-how-satellite-communications-systems-can-be-hacked\/news-story\/2628c0c547fa1fadf938499c0813ce94) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 28 November 2025.\n89. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-89)**\n    Green, J.J. (25 March 2014). [\"Boeing rules out cyber sabotage connection to missing plane\"](http:\/\/www.wtop.com\/215\/3589889\/Boeing-rules-out-777-cyber-sabotage). *[WTOP-FM](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/WTOP-FM \"WTOP-FM\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140407072352\/http:\/\/www.wtop.com\/215\/3589889\/Boeing-rules-out-777-cyber-sabotage) from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014.\n90. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-90)**\n    Clayton, Mark (24 March 2014). [\"Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Are planes vulnerable to cyber-attack? 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Retrieved 14 March 2023.\n92. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-92)**\n    Michael Martinez; Don Melvin (14 March 2023). [\"MH370 possibly plunged straight into ocean, expert says\"](https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/). *Cnn.com*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221005170620\/http:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2025.\n93. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories_93-0)**\n    De Castella, Tom (8 September 2014). [\"Malaysia Airlines MH370: The persistence of conspiracy theories\"](https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/magazine-29083905). *BBC News*. 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[Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150102070355\/http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.co.uk\/2014\/12\/30\/mh370-mh17-conspiracy-theory_n_6394792.html) from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.\n95. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-AU-8501-01a_95-0)**\n    [\"Missing AirAsia flight QZ8501 and MH370 share similarities according to aviation experts\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150101164840\/http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/missing-airasia-flight-qz8501-and-mh370-share-similarities-according-to-aviation-experts\/story-fnizu68q-1227168725873). *[News.com.au](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/News.com.au \"News.com.au\")*. 29 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.news.com.au\/travel\/travel-updates\/missing-airasia-flight-qz8501-and-mh370-share-similarities-according-to-aviation-experts\/story-fnizu68q-1227168725873) on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015.\n96. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wenxuecity_96-0)**\n    [\"大陆论坛惊现预言帖 两周前警告远离亚航(图) (*Astonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior*)\"](http:\/\/www.wenxuecity.com\/news\/2014\/12\/28\/3904836.html). *文学城新闻频道 ([Wenxuecity](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wenxuecity \"Wenxuecity\") News Channel)*. 28 December 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150201000958\/http:\/\/www.wenxuecity.com\/news\/2014\/12\/28\/3904836.html) from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... (*According to news from [Weibo](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sina_Weibo \"Sina Weibo\"), a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on [Tianya Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianya_Club \"Tianya Club\") at 8.15pm on the 15th of that month \\[December\\], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'...*)\"\n97. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-xinhuanet_97-0)**\n    [\"\"神帖\"言中亚航失联 专家表示纯属偶然 (*\"Legendary\" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts*)\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131171451\/http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2015-01\/01\/c_127351593.htm). *[Xinhuanet](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Xinhuanet \"Xinhuanet\")*. 1 January 2015. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/world\/2015-01\/01\/c_127351593.htm) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"发帖者\"老百姓有自己的乐\"劝所有乘客\"远离亚航\"。 (*The poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'.*)\"\n98. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-nanyang_98-0)**\n    [\"是预言还是窜改日期\"马后炮\"？ 中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 (*A prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia*)\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131172017\/http:\/\/www.nanyang.com\/node\/671820?tid=1039). *南洋网 (Nanyang Web)*. 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.nanyang.com\/node\/671820?tid=1039) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"中国媒体报道，网名\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说：\"国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。(*The Chinese media reported that a member of [Tianya Club](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tianya_Club \"Tianya Club\") named 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive.*)\"\n99. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-sina_99-0)**\n    [\"亚航客机出事 网曝网友早有神级预测 (*AirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before*)\"](http:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/2014-12-30\/141531344770.shtml). *[Sina.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sina_Corp \"Sina Corp\")*. 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150131171709\/http:\/\/news.sina.com.cn\/c\/2014-12-30\/141531344770.shtml) from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. \"一位网名为\"老百姓有自己的乐\"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。(*A netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia*.)\"\n100. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-100)**\n     Stableford, Dylan (20 March 2014). [\"CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?\"](https:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html). *[Yahoo News](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yahoo_News \"Yahoo News\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140323102813\/http:\/\/news.yahoo.com\/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html) from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.\n101. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-101)**\n     Graef, Aileen (20 March 2014). [\"Former DoT official shuts down CNN's conspiracy theories about flight 370\"](http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/US\/2014\/03\/20\/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370\/9131395346019\/). *[UPI](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Press_International \"United Press International\")*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140326075056\/http:\/\/www.upi.com\/Top_News\/US\/2014\/03\/20\/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370\/9131395346019\/) from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014.\n102. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-TheWireDotCom01a_102-0)**\n     Abby Ohlheiser (20 March 2014). [\"We Asked Astronomers About CNN's Black Hole-Based Malaysian Plane Theory\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20141020170114\/http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/global\/2014\/03\/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory\/359382\/). *[TheWire.com](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Atlantic \"The Atlantic\")*. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.thewire.com\/global\/2014\/03\/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory\/359382\/) on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014.\n103. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-103)**\n     Martinez, Michael (21 March 2014). [\"From 'ghostly' to psychic, theories abound on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370\"](http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/). *CNN*. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140325042955\/http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2014\/03\/21\/us\/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories\/) from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014.\n104. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-1) [***c***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-2) [***d***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-3)\n     [\"Conspiracy Fact or Fiction \\| Twitter voicemail & flight 370\"](https:\/\/www.breezejmu.org\/opinion\/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370\/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html). 3 February 2019. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20221005170623\/https:\/\/www.breezejmu.org\/opinion\/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370\/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2021.\n105. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140309boxuncmb_105-0)**\n     [\"\"中国烈士旅领导人\"发信称对马航客机失事负责\"](http:\/\/boxun.com\/news\/gb\/intl\/2014\/03\/201403091656.shtml). 9 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140506101131\/http:\/\/boxun.com\/news\/gb\/intl\/2014\/03\/201403091656.shtml) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.\n106. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140310ibtimescmb_106-0)**\n     [\"Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim\"](http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia). *[International Business Times](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Business_Times \"International Business Times\")*. 10 March 2014. [Archived](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140506103500\/http:\/\/www.ibtimes.com\/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.\n\n- [Cawthorne, Nigel](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nigel_Cawthorne \"Nigel Cawthorne\") (2014). [*Flight MH370 – The Mystery*](https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=A_iVAwAAQBAJ&q=flight+mh370+the+mystery). John Blake Publishing. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [978-1784181130](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1784181130 \"Special:BookSources\/978-1784181130\")\n  \n  .\n- de Changy, Florence (2021). *The Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370*. London: HarperCollins. [ISBN](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISBN_\\(identifier\\) \"ISBN (identifier)\")\n  \n  [9780008381530](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/9780008381530 \"Special:BookSources\/9780008381530\")\n  \n  .\n- [Dunning, Brian](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Dunning_\\(author\\) \"Brian Dunning (author)\") (31 October 2017). [\"Skeptoid \\#595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370\"](https:\/\/skeptoid.com\/episodes\/4595). *[Skeptoid](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brian_Dunning_\\(author\\)#Skeptoid_podcasts \"Brian Dunning (author)\")*.","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance. Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from Kuala Lumpur for Beijing , with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board. [ 1 ] Najib Razak , Malaysia's prime minister at the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given. [ 2 ] Despite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] official announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed. [ 6 ] Some of these were described as conspiracy theories . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] According to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at Goldsmiths, University of London , whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created. [ 7 ] Victims' relatives questioned the veracity of the Malaysian government 's statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in Beijing , aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts. According to Barbara Demick of the Los Angeles Times , critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the Joint Agency Coordination Centre 's announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014. [ 9 ] Other factors involve the lack of a distress signal from the plane. [ 10 ] Searches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Criticism and response [ edit ] Conspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is "a blatant cover-up." [ 11 ] They note that a Boeing 777 does not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at terminal velocity . If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams. [ 12 ] Those criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance. [ 13 ] Harvard professor Cass Sunstein noted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories. [ 14 ] Sunstein argued in an interview with The Wall Street Journal on 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a "target". [ 14 ] David Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on CNN : In an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to. [ 15 ] Tim Black, deputy editor of Spiked , wrote: "...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge [about MH370], that speculation has flourished," [ 16 ] and an editorial in the Chicago Sun-Times not only stated that "conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce," but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind. [ 8 ] The common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia. [ 17 ] Pilot suicide/mass murder [ edit ] Shortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Claims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family. [ 20 ] A fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was "terribly upset" [ 21 ] that his marriage was falling apart. [ 19 ] Police were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity. [ 18 ] Furthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician Anwar Ibrahim , who was sentenced to jail on March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated. [ 22 ] Shah was in the courtroom the day before the flight. [ 23 ] Investigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared. [ 24 ] However, according to the French journalist Florence de Changy who wrote a book about the flight, dismissing "100 per cent of the official narrative", [ 25 ] Shah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his tooth crown when the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8. [ 26 ] [ page needed ] News reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved. [ 24 ] The United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation reconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home flight simulator ; a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that "nothing sinister" had been found on it. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] However, The Sunday Times later reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway. [ 29 ] [ 20 ] [ 24 ] [ 30 ] In 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator. [ 31 ] This was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government. [ 32 ] In the ATSB's 2017 report "The Operational Search for MH370," new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states: [ 33 ] [ 34 ] "There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit." Tony Abbott was Prime Minister of Australia when MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: "My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was murder-suicide by the pilot." [ 35 ] Shah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide. [ 36 ] Many aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the flap and flaperon debris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] [ 39 ] A book, Goodnight Malaysian 370 , was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to "provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory" nor any motive. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] In 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told BBC News that the plane's route was "probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of Penang : [ 42 ] "Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang." In May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on 60 Minutes Australia that the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the Indian Ocean . [ 43 ] He said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces. [ 44 ] The cockpit had the mandated anti-hijacker fortified doors that could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the Southern Ocean . [ 45 ] A British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air. [ 46 ] In 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used flight simulators to support their findings. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] In 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario. [ 49 ] The possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including ABC News and the Los Angeles Times . [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Speculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility; [ 50 ] unofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing. [ 51 ] No confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials. [ 52 ] The credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015. [ 53 ] Shortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a conspiracy attack. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Between 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul Rupert Murdoch tweeted that Flight 370's disappearance "confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China [ sic ]." He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, "like Bin Laden ". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in The Guardian . [ 57 ] The following month, the Russian newspaper Moskovskij Komsomolets endorsed a similar theory, claiming that "unknown terrorists" had hijacked the plane, flown it to Afghanistan , and then held the crew and passengers hostage. [ 58 ] A story circulated on Reddit that MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to North Korea as was done in 1969 with a Korean Air Lines YS-11 . [ 59 ] [ 60 ] Acquisition of Freescale staff [ edit ] A variety of social media posts and email chain letters claim that a patent (# 8671381 ) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to Freescale Semiconductor and 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane. [ 61 ] The patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website snopes.com suggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email. [ 62 ] Conspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by U.S. Navy SEALs and then flown to the U.S. Naval base on the atoll of Diego Garcia [ 63 ] in the British Indian Ocean Territory to bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a White House daily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary Jay Carney responded, "I'll rule that one out." [ 64 ] Underpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island. [ citation needed ] In that vein, it was reported by the Daily Mirror , without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer. [ 29 ] Several mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and Male International Airport (MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] These allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found "nothing suspicious whatsoever" and said that the Mirror ' s reports about the simulator's contents were "unsubstantiated and unsourced". [ 67 ] [ 68 ] Giving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia. [ 69 ] In an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the Maldivian newspaper Haveeru wrote: "...several residents of Kuda Huvadhoo told Haveeru on Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident." [ 70 ] The discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on Réunion island, east of Madagascar , suspected (and later deemed "highly likely") [ 71 ] [ 72 ] to be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion, [ 73 ] out of fears of a terrorist attack. [ 73 ] However, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the University of Western Australia said that "the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to the expected path of ocean currents from the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed". [ 73 ] Many people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake. [ 73 ] Phantom cellphone theory [ edit ] Some had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the "phantom cellphone theory". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance. [ 74 ] However, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to NBC News explained that the network may still produce " ringbacks " as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed. [ 75 ] A number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane. In an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011, EgyptAir Flight 667 suffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish. [ citation needed ] Malaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix [ 76 ] to the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage. [ 77 ] Another suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in Northern Malaysia , perhaps Penang International Airport or Langkawi International Airport (Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 , where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives. [ 78 ] In another accident, involving a fire on a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on 2 September 1998, Swissair Flight 111 from New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of Halifax International Airport , Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel. Shoot-down hypothesis [ edit ] American political commentator Rush Limbaugh , according to CNN , speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down. [ 79 ] Supporters of this theory have noted that civilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past , with Iran Air Flight 655 by the United States in 1988 and KAL 007 by the Soviet Union in 1983 being two frequently cited examples. [ 50 ] On 19 March 2014, news agency reporter Scott Mayerowitz of Associated Press described "Accidental Shootdown" as one of seven "leading, plausible theories", but added that there was "no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity". [ 80 ] A Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was "highly not possible" that his country's air force had shot down the plane. [ 81 ] According to The Financial Express , the Malaysian Air Force detected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a "friendly" aircraft. [ 81 ] In May 2014, author Nigel Cawthorne 's book Flight MH370: The Mystery was published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai Joint Strike Fighter jet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up. [ 82 ] The book received considerable criticism, especially from The Australian , where it was characterised thus: "Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers." [ 83 ] Relatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as "premature and insensitive". [ 84 ] In a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the Malaysian Prime Minister , Najib Razak , stated only that the radar "tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile." [ 85 ] On 22 December 2014, the former head of Proteus Airlines , Marc Dugain , claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia similar to the September 11 attacks . [ 86 ] The claims were described by the source article as "wild". [ 86 ] The hypothesis that a cyberattack may have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government. [ 87 ] Leivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's flight management system . [ 88 ] Whether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although Boeing has dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were "confident in the robust protection of all flight[-]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes." [ 89 ] Supporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The Federal Aviation Administration and other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app. [ 90 ] Vertical entry into the sea [ edit ] Texas A&M University mathematics professor Goong Chen has argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already. [ 91 ] [ 92 ] MH17 and QZ8501 connections [ edit ] On 17 July 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline. [ 93 ] When Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 crashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned, [ 94 ] and that both planes lost contact with air traffic control . [ 95 ] There was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites. [ 96 ] [ 97 ] [ 98 ] [ 99 ] A post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a "black hand" or "despicable international bully" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines. [ 94 ] Other online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information. [ 94 ] The theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a black hole received considerable attention when Don Lemon asked, on CNN, whether it was "preposterous" that it could have happened. [ 100 ] Lemon was criticised for this by former U.S. Department of Transportation Inspector General Mary Schiavo , who, while appearing on CNN, said that "...a small black hole would suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that." [ 101 ] TheWire.com (which "wasn't satisfied" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from Columbia University astronomy professor David J. Helfand and Peter Michelson , a professor of physics at Stanford University . [ 102 ] Another hypothesis is that a meteor might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low. [ 103 ] In March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the NATO Phonetic Alphabet , alluded to an alien abduction . [ 104 ] This generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified. [ 104 ] The calls were placed using a VoIP service and were traced to two hotels in Port Blair , though the identity of the caller remains uncertain. [ 104 ] Investigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax. [ 104 ] Claims of responsibility [ edit ] On 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the knife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014 and part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over Xinjiang province. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name "Chinese Martyrs Brigade" appeared inconsistent with Uyghur separatist groups which describe themselves as "East Turkestan" and "Islamic" rather than "Chinese". [ 105 ] [ 106 ] 9/11 conspiracy theories MH370: The Plane That Disappeared : Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities Specific incidents SilkAir Flight 185 , another disputed crash involving pilot suicide Germanwings Flight 9525 Japan Airlines Flight 350 LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470 Royal Air Maroc Flight 630 2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident ^ "The Search for MH370" . University of Southern California . Archived from the original on 15 July 2017 . Retrieved 28 January 2015 . ^ "Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area" . Malaysia Sun . Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 29 May 2014 . ^ a b "ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370" (PDF) . Australian Transport Safety Bureau . 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from the original (Final report) on 10 March 2020 . Retrieved 7 October 2017 . ^ a b "Le débris d'avion retrouvé fin juillet à La Réunion appartient "avec certitude" au vol MH370, annonce le parquet de Paris" (in French). Francetvinfo. 3 September 2015. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020 . Retrieved 11 January 2020 . ^ a b "MH370 search: Mozambique debris 'almost certainly' from missing plane" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 15 April 2016 . Retrieved 11 January 2020 . ^ "Grief, anger and more questions after Malaysia declares Flight 370 crashed" . CBS News . Associated Press. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 June 2019 . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ a b Brotherton, Rob (20 March 2014). "Flight MH370: The allure of the conspiracy theory" . New Scientist . Archived from the original on 26 April 2015 . Retrieved 25 March 2014 . ^ a b "Conspiracy theories don't help to understand cause of Malaysian jet's disappearance" . Chicago Sun-Times . 26 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014 . Retrieved 27 March 2014 . ^ Demick, Barbara (29 May 2014). "Missing Malaysia Airlines jet not in search area, officials say" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on 18 December 2019 . Retrieved 4 June 2014 . ^ Sam Frizell (13 May 2015). "The Missing Malaysian Plane: 5 Conspiracy Theories" . Time . Archived from the original on 28 May 2019 . Retrieved 13 May 2014 . ^ "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Now Clearly A Government Cover-Up: All Evidence Contradicts Official Story" . Archived from the original on 13 December 2014 . Retrieved 8 December 2014 . ^ Wen, Philip (25 March 2014). "MH370: Distrust breeds conspiracy theories" . Stuff.co.nz . Archived from the original on 9 October 2018 . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ Scruton, Paul. "Missing flight MH370 – a visual guide to the parts and debris found so far" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on 16 April 2020 . Retrieved 15 May 2019 . ^ a b "Flight MH370: Why Are Conspiracy Theories Seductive?" . Wall Street Journal . 20 March 2014. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019 . Retrieved 26 March 2014 . ^ CNN Transcripts Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine – Piers Morgan Live – 26 March 2014. Retrieved 28 March 2014. ^ Black, Tim (19 March 2014). "MH370: conspiracy theorists adore a vacuum" . Spiked . Archived from the original on 25 July 2017 . Retrieved 25 March 2014 . ^ Clara Chooi (7 April 2014). " 'Untrue' that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar, Hishammuddin says- Malaysia- The Malay Mail Online" . The Malay Mail Online . Archived from the original on 15 March 2018 . Retrieved 24 April 2014 . ^ a b "FBI to Quiz Wife of MH370 Pilot Amid Talk of Cockpit Hijack" . Malaysia Chronicle . 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 . Retrieved 3 July 2014 . 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BBC iPlayer. 6 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024 . Retrieved 7 March 2024 . ^ Blelly, Patrick; Marchand, Jean-Luc. "Technical and Aeronautical analysis from take-off to the end of the flight" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ Blelly, Patrick; Marchand, Jean-Luc. "Analyse technique et aéronautique depuis le décollage jusqu'à la fin du vol" (PDF) (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2024 . Retrieved 30 April 2024 . ^ "Independent Investigation Team Presents New Theory On The Disappearance of MH370 - The Aviationist" . 16 September 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023 . Retrieved 26 January 2025 . ^ a b c Colleen Curry (13 March 2014). "Theories Take Flight Over Disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Jet" . ABC News Internet Ventures. Archived from the original on 27 March 2014 . Retrieved 27 March 2014 . ^ a b Barbara Demick (16 March 2014). 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Retrieved 28 November 2025 . ^ Green, J.J. (25 March 2014). "Boeing rules out cyber sabotage connection to missing plane" . WTOP-FM . Archived from the original on 7 April 2014 . Retrieved 30 March 2014 . ^ Clayton, Mark (24 March 2014). "Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Are planes vulnerable to cyber-attack? (+video)" . Christian Science Monitor . Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 . Retrieved 25 March 2014 . ^ "Some comments, questions and answers regarding MH370 (related to the recent work by G. Chen et al.)" (PDF) . Math.tamu.edu . Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2021 . Retrieved 14 March 2023 . ^ Michael Martinez; Don Melvin (14 March 2023). "MH370 possibly plunged straight into ocean, expert says" . Cnn.com . Archived from the original on 5 October 2022 . Retrieved 6 May 2025 . ^ De Castella, Tom (8 September 2014). "Malaysia Airlines MH370: The persistence of conspiracy theories" . BBC News . Archived from the original on 8 September 2014 . Retrieved 8 September 2014 . ^ a b c Barrell, Ryan (30 December 2014). "AirAsia QZ8501 Conspiracy Theories Are Already Starting To Appear" . The Huffington Post UK . Archived from the original on 2 January 2015 . Retrieved 2 January 2015 . ^ "Missing AirAsia flight QZ8501 and MH370 share similarities according to aviation experts" . News.com.au . 29 December 2014. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015 . Retrieved 2 January 2015 . ^ "大陆论坛惊现预言帖两周前警告远离亚航(图) ( Astonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior )" . 文学城新闻频道 ( Wenxuecity News Channel) . 28 December 2014. Archived from the original on 1 February 2015 . Retrieved 30 January 2015 . 根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... ( According to news from Weibo , a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on Tianya Club at 8.15pm on the 15th of that month [December], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'... ) ^ " "神帖"言中亚航失联专家表示纯属偶然 ( "Legendary" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts )" . Xinhuanet . 1 January 2015. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015 . Retrieved 30 January 2015 . 发帖者"老百姓有自己的乐"劝所有乘客"远离亚航"。 ( The poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'. ) ^ "是预言还是窜改日期"马后炮"？中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 ( A prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia )" . 南洋网 (Nanyang Web) . 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015 . Retrieved 30 January 2015 . 中国媒体报道，网名"老百姓有自己的乐"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说："国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。( The Chinese media reported that a member of Tianya Club named 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive. ) ^ "亚航客机出事网曝网友早有神级预测 ( AirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before )" . Sina.com . 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015 . Retrieved 30 January 2015 . 一位网名为"老百姓有自己的乐"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。( A netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia .) ^ Stableford, Dylan (20 March 2014). "CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?" . Yahoo News . Archived from the original on 23 March 2014 . Retrieved 26 March 2014 . ^ Graef, Aileen (20 March 2014). "Former DoT official shuts down CNN's conspiracy theories about flight 370" . UPI . Archived from the original on 26 March 2014 . Retrieved 26 March 2014 . ^ Abby Ohlheiser (20 March 2014). "We Asked Astronomers About CNN's Black Hole-Based Malaysian Plane Theory" . TheWire.com . Archived from the original on 20 October 2014 . Retrieved 14 September 2014 . ^ Martinez, Michael (21 March 2014). "From 'ghostly' to psychic, theories abound on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370" . CNN . Archived from the original on 25 March 2014 . Retrieved 24 March 2014 . ^ a b c d "Conspiracy Fact or Fiction \| Twitter voicemail & flight 370" . 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022 . Retrieved 9 October 2021 . ^ " "中国烈士旅领导人"发信称对马航客机失事负责" . 9 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014 . Retrieved 6 May 2014 . ^ "Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim" . International Business Times . 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 May 2014 . Retrieved 6 May 2014 . Cawthorne, Nigel (2014). Flight MH370 – The Mystery . John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1784181130 . de Changy, Florence (2021). The Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370 . London: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780008381530 . Dunning, Brian (31 October 2017). "Skeptoid #595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370" . Skeptoid .
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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories) - [1 Background](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Background) Toggle Background subsection - [1\.1 Criticism and response](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Criticism_and_response) - [2 Pilot suicide/mass murder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Pilot_suicide/mass_murder) - [3 Hijacking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Hijacking) Toggle Hijacking subsection - [3\.1 Terrorist attack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Terrorist_attack) - [3\.2 North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#North_Korea) - [3\.3 Acquisition of Freescale staff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Acquisition_of_Freescale_staff) - [3\.4 Diego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Diego_Garcia) - [3\.5 Phantom cellphone theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Phantom_cellphone_theory) - [4 Fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Fire) - [5 Shoot-down hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Shoot-down_hypothesis) - [6 Cyberattack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Cyberattack) - [7 Vertical entry into the sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Vertical_entry_into_the_sea) - [8 MH17 and QZ8501 connections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#MH17_and_QZ8501_connections) - [9 Other theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Other_theories) - [10 Claims of responsibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Claims_of_responsibility) - [11 See also](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#See_also) - [12 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#References) - [13 Further reading](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#Further_reading) Toggle the table of contents # Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories 4 languages - [العربية](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_370 "النظريات غير الرسمية لاختفاء رحلة الخطوط الجوية الماليزية 370 – Arabic") - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia-Airlines-Flug_370#Theorien "Malaysia-Airlines-Flug 370 – German") - [Српски / srpski](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_370_Malaysia_Airlines "Теорије о нестанку лета 370 Malaysia Airlines – Serbian") - [Türkçe](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezya_Hava_Yollar%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_370_sefer_say%C4%B1l%C4%B1_u%C3%A7u%C5%9Funun_ortadan_kaybolmas%C4%B1_hakk%C4%B1ndaki_teoriler "Malezya Hava Yollarının 370 sefer sayılı uçuşunun ortadan kaybolması hakkındaki teoriler – Turkish") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17050014#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - 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[Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17050014 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Theories of plane's disappearance in 2014 \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [![icon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg) \| This article needs additional citations for [verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability "Wikipedia:Verifiability"). 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Find sources: ["Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disappearance theories"](https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22) – [news](https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1) · [newspapers](https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks) · [books](https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22+-wikipedia) · [scholar](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22) · [JSTOR](https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Malaysia+Airlines+Flight+370+disappearance+theories%22&acc=on&wc=on) (November 2023) ([Learn how and when to remove this message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal "Help:Maintenance template removal")) \| \| [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") \| \|---\| \| [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") [JACC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre "Joint Agency Coordination Centre") [Timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Timeline of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") [Satellite communications analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_satellite_communications "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 satellite communications") [Disappearance theories]() \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:MH370 "Template:MH370") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:MH370 "Template talk:MH370") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MH370 "Special:EditPage/Template:MH370") \| [![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MAS_plane.jpg/250px-MAS_plane.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MAS_plane.jpg) 9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance. [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") disappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur") for [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-1) [Najib Razak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Razak "Najib Razak"), [Malaysia's prime minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia "Prime Minister of Malaysia") at the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-UnsuccessfulSearch-2) Despite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash,[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) official announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-6) Some of these were described as [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories "Conspiracy theories").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8) ## Background \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: Background")\] Main article: [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") According to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at [Goldsmiths, University of London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London "Goldsmiths, University of London"), whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7) Victims' relatives questioned the veracity of the [Malaysian government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia "Government of Malaysia")'s statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts. According to [Barbara Demick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Demick "Barbara Demick") of the [Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times"), critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the [Joint Agency Coordination Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre "Joint Agency Coordination Centre")'s announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-9) Other factors involve the lack of a [distress signal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_signal "Distress signal") from the plane.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-10) Searches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) ### Criticism and response \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Criticism and response")\] Conspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is "a blatant cover-up."[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-11) They note that a [Boeing 777](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777 "Boeing 777") does not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at [terminal velocity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity "Terminal velocity"). If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-12) Those criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-13) Harvard professor [Cass Sunstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Sunstein "Cass Sunstein") noted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) Sunstein argued in an interview with [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal") on 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a "target".[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) David Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"): > In an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-15) Tim Black, deputy editor of [Spiked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiked_\(magazine\) "Spiked (magazine)"), wrote: "...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge \[about MH370\], that speculation has flourished,"[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-16) and an editorial in the [Chicago Sun-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times "Chicago Sun-Times") not only stated that "conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce," but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8) The common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-17) ## Pilot suicide/mass murder \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Pilot suicide/mass murder")\] Shortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Claims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20) A fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was "terribly upset"[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NZHerald-pilot-21) that his marriage was falling apart.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Police were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18) Furthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician [Anwar Ibrahim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim "Anwar Ibrahim"), who [was sentenced to jail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials#Acquittal_overturned "Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials") on March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-22) Shah was in the courtroom the day before the flight.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-23) Investigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) However, according to the French journalist [Florence de Changy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_de_Changy "Florence de Changy") who wrote a book about the flight, dismissing "100 per cent of the official narrative",[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-25) Shah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his [tooth crown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_\(dental_restoration\) "Crown (dental restoration)") when the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-26)\[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] News reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) The United States' [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") reconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home [flight simulator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_simulator "Flight simulator"); a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that "nothing sinister" had been found on it.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ABCus_2014-04-02-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_2014-03-29-28) However, [The Sunday Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times") later reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-30) In 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-31) This was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-32) In the ATSB's 2017 report "The Operational Search for MH370," new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states:[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-34) > "There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit." [Tony Abbott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Abbott "Tony Abbott") was [Prime Minister of Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia "Prime Minister of Australia") when MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: "My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was [murder-suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide "Murder–suicide") by the pilot."[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-35) Shah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-36) Many aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the [flap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_\(aeronautics\) "Flap (aeronautics)") and [flaperon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaperon "Flaperon") debris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-37)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-39) A book, Goodnight Malaysian 370, was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to "provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory" nor any motive.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-41) In 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Online "BBC News Online") that the plane's route was "probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of [Penang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang "Penang"):[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-42) > "Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang." In May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on [60 Minutes Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minutes_\(Australian_TV_program\) "60 Minutes (Australian TV program)") that the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the [Indian Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean "Indian Ocean").[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-43) He said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-44) The cockpit had the mandated [anti-hijacker fortified doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_security_repercussions_due_to_the_September_11_attacks#Increased_security_on_aircraft "Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks") that could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the [Southern Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ocean "Southern Ocean").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Landau04-14-45) A British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-vanish-46) In 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used [flight simulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_simulators "Flight simulators") to support their findings.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-48) In 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-49) ## Hijacking \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Hijacking")\] The possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") and the [Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) Speculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility;[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) unofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) No confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-52) The credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-53) ### Terrorist attack \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Terrorist attack")\] Shortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a [conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy "Conspiracy") attack.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-55)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-56) Between 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul [Rupert Murdoch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch "Rupert Murdoch") tweeted that Flight 370's disappearance "confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China \[[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")\]." He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, "like [Bin Laden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden "Osama bin Laden")". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian").[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-57) The following month, the Russian newspaper [Moskovskij Komsomolets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovskij_Komsomolets "Moskovskij Komsomolets") endorsed a similar theory, claiming that "unknown terrorists" had hijacked the plane, flown it to [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan "Afghanistan"), and then held the crew and passengers hostage.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-58) ### North Korea \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: North Korea")\] A story circulated on [Reddit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit "Reddit") that MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") as was done in 1969 with a [Korean Air Lines YS-11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_YS-11_hijacking "Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-60) ### Acquisition of Freescale staff \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Acquisition of Freescale staff")\] A variety of social media posts and email [chain letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_letters "Chain letters") claim that a patent (\#[8671381](https://patents.google.com/patent/US8671381)) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to [Freescale Semiconductor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor "Freescale Semiconductor") and 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-61) The patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website [snopes.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes.com "Snopes.com") suggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-62) ### Diego Garcia \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Diego Garcia")\] Conspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by [U.S. Navy SEALs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs "United States Navy SEALs") and then flown to the [U.S. Naval base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy "United States Navy") on the atoll of [Diego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Garcia "Diego Garcia")[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-63) in the [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "British Indian Ocean Territory") to bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") daily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary [Jay Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Carney "Jay Carney") responded, "I'll rule that one out."[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-64) Underpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] In that vein, it was reported by the [Daily Mirror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror "Daily Mirror"), without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29) Several mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and [Male International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_International_Airport "Male International Airport") (MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-CNN-DG-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-66) These allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found "nothing suspicious whatsoever" and said that the Mirror's reports about the simulator's contents were "unsubstantiated and unsourced".[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FBISimulator-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MirrorUnsubstantiated-68) Giving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-frenchboss-69) In an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the [Maldivian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives") newspaper [Haveeru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haveeru "Haveeru") wrote: "...several residents of [Kuda Huvadhoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudahuvadhoo "Kudahuvadhoo") told Haveeru on Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident."[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-70) The discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union "Réunion") island, east of [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar "Madagascar"), suspected (and later deemed "highly likely")[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC33794012-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-72) to be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion,[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) out of fears of a terrorist attack.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) However, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the [University of Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia "University of Western Australia") said that "the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to [the expected path of ocean currents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Gyre "Indian Ocean Gyre") from the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed".[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) Many people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) ### Phantom cellphone theory \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Phantom cellphone theory")\] Some had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the "phantom cellphone theory". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pickell-74) However, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to [NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News") explained that the network may still produce "[ringbacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringback_tone "Ringback tone")" as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-75) ## Fire \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: Fire")\] A number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane. In an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011, [EgyptAir Flight 667](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_667 "EgyptAir Flight 667") suffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Malaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-76) to the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-77) Another suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in [Northern Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Malaya "Northern Malaya"), perhaps [Penang International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_International_Airport "Penang International Airport") or [Langkawi International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkawi_International_Airport "Langkawi International Airport") (Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8, [Nigeria Airways Flight 2120](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120 "Nigeria Airways Flight 2120"), where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Goodfellow2014-78) In another accident, involving a fire on a [McDonnell Douglas MD-11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11 "McDonnell Douglas MD-11") on 2 September 1998, [Swissair Flight 111](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111 "Swissair Flight 111") from New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of [Halifax International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Stanfield_International_Airport "Halifax Stanfield International Airport"), Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel. ## Shoot-down hypothesis \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Shoot-down hypothesis")\] American political commentator [Rush Limbaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh "Rush Limbaugh"), according to [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"), speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-79) Supporters of this theory have noted that [civilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airliner_shootdown_incidents "List of airliner shootdown incidents"), with [Iran Air Flight 655](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 "Iran Air Flight 655") by the United States in 1988 and [KAL 007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007 "Korean Air Lines Flight 007") by the [Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union") in 1983 being two frequently cited examples.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) On 19 March 2014, [news agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_agency "News agency") reporter Scott Mayerowitz of [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") described "Accidental Shootdown" as one of seven "leading, plausible theories", but added that there was "no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity".[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AP-Mayerowitz-Lowy01a-80) A Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was "highly not possible" that his country's air force had shot down the plane.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) According to [The Financial Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Financial_Express_\(India\) "The Financial Express (India)"), the [Malaysian Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Air_Force "Malaysian Air Force") detected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a "friendly" aircraft.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) In May 2014, author [Nigel Cawthorne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne "Nigel Cawthorne")'s book [Flight MH370: The Mystery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_MH370:_The_Mystery "Flight MH370: The Mystery") was published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai [Joint Strike Fighter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter "Joint Strike Fighter") jet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-82) The book received considerable criticism, especially from [The Australian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian "The Australian"), where it was characterised thus: "Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers."[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-83) Relatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as "premature and insensitive".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-84) In a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the [Malaysian Prime Minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia "Prime Minister of Malaysia"), [Najib Razak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Razak "Najib Razak"), stated only that the radar "tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile."[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-85) On 22 December 2014, the former head of [Proteus Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_Airlines "Proteus Airlines"), [Marc Dugain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Dugain "Marc Dugain"), claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on [Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Support_Facility_Diego_Garcia "Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia") similar to the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks").[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) The claims were described by the source article as "wild".[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) ## Cyberattack \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Cyberattack")\] The hypothesis that a [cyberattack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberattack "Cyberattack") may have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-87) Leivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's [flight management system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_management_system "Flight management system").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-88) Whether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although [Boeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing "Boeing") has dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were "confident in the robust protection of all flight\[-\]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes."[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-89) Supporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The [Federal Aviation Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration "Federal Aviation Administration") and other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-90) ## Vertical entry into the sea \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Vertical entry into the sea")\] [Texas A\&M University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University "Texas A&M University") mathematics professor [Goong Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goong_Chen "Goong Chen") has argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-91)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-92) ## MH17 and QZ8501 connections \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: MH17 and QZ8501 connections")\] On 17 July 2014, [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 17") was shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories-93) When [Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501 "Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501") crashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned,[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) and that both planes lost contact with [air traffic control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control "Air traffic control").[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-8501-01a-95) There was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wenxuecity-96)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-xinhuanet-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-nanyang-98)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-sina-99) A post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a "black hand" or "despicable international bully" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) Other online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) ## Other theories \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=15 "Edit section: Other theories")\] The theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a [black hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole "Black hole") received considerable attention when [Don Lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon "Don Lemon") asked, on CNN, whether it was "preposterous" that it could have happened.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-100) Lemon was criticised for this by former [U.S. Department of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation "United States Department of Transportation") Inspector General [Mary Schiavo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Schiavo "Mary Schiavo"), who, while appearing on CNN, said that "...a [small black hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole "Primordial black hole") would suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that."[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-101) [TheWire.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic") (which "wasn't satisfied" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University") astronomy professor [David J. Helfand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Helfand "David Helfand") and [Peter Michelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Michelson "Peter Michelson"), a professor of physics at [Stanford University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University "Stanford University").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-TheWireDotCom01a-102) Another hypothesis is that a [meteor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor "Meteor") might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-103) In March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the [NATO Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet "NATO phonetic alphabet"), alluded to an [alien abduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_abduction "Alien abduction").[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) This generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) The calls were placed using a [VoIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP "VoIP") service and were traced to two hotels in [Port Blair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blair "Port Blair"), though the identity of the caller remains uncertain.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) Investigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) ## Claims of responsibility \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Claims of responsibility")\] On 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the [knife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Kunming_attack "2014 Kunming attack") and part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang "Xinjiang") province. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name "Chinese Martyrs Brigade" appeared inconsistent with [Uyghur separatist groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement "East Turkestan independence movement") which describe themselves as "East Turkestan" and "Islamic" rather than "Chinese".[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140309boxuncmb-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140310ibtimescmb-106) ## See also \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=17 "Edit section: See also")\] \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [9/11 conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories "9/11 conspiracy theories") [MH370: The Plane That Disappeared](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MH370:_The_Plane_That_Disappeared "MH370: The Plane That Disappeared"): Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance [List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft "List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft") [List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities "List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities") \| Specific incidents [SilkAir Flight 185](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SilkAir_Flight_185 "SilkAir Flight 185"), another disputed crash involving [pilot suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_suicide "Pilot suicide") [Germanwings Flight 9525](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanwings_Flight_9525 "Germanwings Flight 9525") [Japan Airlines Flight 350](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlines_Flight_350 "Japan Airlines Flight 350") [LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines_Flight_470 "LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470") [Royal Air Maroc Flight 630](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Maroc_Flight_630 "Royal Air Maroc Flight 630") [2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Horizon_Air_Q400_incident "2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident") \| ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=18 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-1) ["The Search for MH370"](http://gis.usc.edu/msp-resources/infographics/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370/). University of Southern California. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170715194849/http://gis.usc.edu/msp-resources/infographics/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370/) from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2015. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-UnsuccessfulSearch_2-0) ["Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122421/http://www.malaysiasun.com/index.php/sid/222436235/scat/48cba686fe041718/ht/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area). Malaysia Sun. Archived from [the original](http://www.malaysiasun.com/index.php/sid/222436235/scat/48cba686fe041718/ht/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. 3. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-1) ["ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200310104643/https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5773565/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (PDF). [Australian Transport Safety Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Transport_Safety_Bureau "Australian Transport Safety Bureau"). 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from [the original](https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5773565/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (Final report) on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2017. 4. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-1) ["Le débris d'avion retrouvé fin juillet à La Réunion appartient "avec certitude" au vol MH370, annonce le parquet de Paris"](http://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/55e/862/7a6/674/763/493/562/000.html) (in French). Francetvinfo. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200111100458/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/55e/862/7a6/674/763/493/562/000.html) from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020. 5. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-1) ["MH370 search: Mozambique debris 'almost certainly' from missing plane"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35888405). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013548/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35888405) from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2020. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-6)* ["Grief, anger and more questions after Malaysia declares Flight 370 crashed"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-flight-ended-in-southern-indian-ocean-prime-minister-says/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). Associated Press. 24 March 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190619011455/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-flight-ended-in-southern-indian-ocean-prime-minister-says/) from the original on 19 June 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2014. 7. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Brotherton2014_7-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-Brotherton2014_7-1) Brotherton, Rob (20 March 2014). ["Flight MH370: The allure of the conspiracy theory"](https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25260-flight-mh370-the-allure-of-the-conspiracy-theory.html). New Scientist. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150426134210/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn25260-flight-mh370-the-allure-of-the-conspiracy-theory.html) from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2014. 8. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-suntimes2014_8-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-suntimes2014_8-1) ["Conspiracy theories don't help to understand cause of Malaysian jet's disappearance"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141015085438/http://www.suntimes.com/opinions/26436099-474/conspiracy-theories-dont-help-to-understand-cause-of-malaysian-jets-disappearance.html). Chicago Sun-Times. 26 March 2014. Archived from [the original](http://www.suntimes.com/opinions/26436099-474/conspiracy-theories-dont-help-to-understand-cause-of-malaysian-jets-disappearance.html) on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2014. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-9)* Demick, Barbara (29 May 2014). ["Missing Malaysia Airlines jet not in search area, officials say"](http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-malaysia-flight-mh370-search-20140529-story.html). Los Angeles Times. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20191218111606/https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-malaysia-flight-mh370-search-20140529-story.html) from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2014. 10. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-10) Sam Frizell (13 May 2015). ["The Missing Malaysian Plane: 5 Conspiracy Theories"](https://time.com/20351/missing-plane-flight-mh370-5-conspiracy-theories/). [Time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_\(magazine\) "Time (magazine)"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190528113623/http://time.com/20351/missing-plane-flight-mh370-5-conspiracy-theories/) from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 13 May 2014. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-11) ["Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 Now Clearly A Government Cover-Up: All Evidence Contradicts Official Story"](http://www.eyeopening.info/2014/03/25/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-now-clearly-government-cover-evidence-contradicts-official-story/). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141213171611/http://www.eyeopening.info/2014/03/25/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-now-clearly-government-cover-evidence-contradicts-official-story/) from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-12) Wen, Philip (25 March 2014). ["MH370: Distrust breeds conspiracy theories"](http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/9864556/MH370-Distrust-breeds-conspiracy-theories). [Stuff.co.nz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuff.co.nz "Stuff.co.nz"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211741/http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/9864556/MH370-Distrust-breeds-conspiracy-theories) from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2014. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-13) Scruton, Paul. ["Missing flight MH370 – a visual guide to the parts and debris found so far"](https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/jan/17/missing-flight-mh370-a-visual-guide-to-the-parts-and-debris-found-so-far). The Guardian. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200416225753/https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2017/jan/17/missing-flight-mh370-a-visual-guide-to-the-parts-and-debris-found-so-far) from the original on 16 April 2020. 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(25 March 2014). ["Boeing rules out cyber sabotage connection to missing plane"](http://www.wtop.com/215/3589889/Boeing-rules-out-777-cyber-sabotage). [WTOP-FM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTOP-FM "WTOP-FM"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072352/http://www.wtop.com/215/3589889/Boeing-rules-out-777-cyber-sabotage) from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 30 March 2014. 90. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-90) Clayton, Mark (24 March 2014). ["Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370: Are planes vulnerable to cyber-attack? (+video)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140325051831/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Cyber-Conflict-Monitor/2014/0324/Malaysia-Airlines-Flight-MH370-Are-planes-vulnerable-to-cyber-attack-video). Christian Science Monitor. Archived from [the original](https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Cyber-Conflict-Monitor/2014/0324/Malaysia-Airlines-Flight-MH370-Are-planes-vulnerable-to-cyber-attack-video) on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014. 91. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-91) ["Some comments, questions and answers regarding MH370 (related to the recent work by G. Chen et al.)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210228224915/https://www.math.tamu.edu/~goong.chen/mh370.pdf) (PDF). Math.tamu.edu. Archived from [the original](http://www.math.tamu.edu/~goong.chen/mh370.pdf) (PDF) on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2023. 92. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-92) Michael Martinez; Don Melvin (14 March 2023). ["MH370 possibly plunged straight into ocean, expert says"](https://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/21/us/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories/). Cnn.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221005170620/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/21/us/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories/) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2025. 93. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories_93-0) De Castella, Tom (8 September 2014). ["Malaysia Airlines MH370: The persistence of conspiracy theories"](https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29083905). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140908204002/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29083905) from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014. 94. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-HP-8501-01a_94-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-HP-8501-01a_94-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-HP-8501-01a_94-2) Barrell, Ryan (30 December 2014). ["AirAsia QZ8501 Conspiracy Theories Are Already Starting To Appear"](http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/12/30/mh370-mh17-conspiracy-theory_n_6394792.html). [The Huffington Post UK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Huffington_Post_UK "The Huffington Post UK"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150102070355/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/12/30/mh370-mh17-conspiracy-theory_n_6394792.html) from the original on 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015. 95. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-AU-8501-01a_95-0)* ["Missing AirAsia flight QZ8501 and MH370 share similarities according to aviation experts"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150101164840/http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/missing-airasia-flight-qz8501-and-mh370-share-similarities-according-to-aviation-experts/story-fnizu68q-1227168725873). [News.com.au](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News.com.au "News.com.au"). 29 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/missing-airasia-flight-qz8501-and-mh370-share-similarities-according-to-aviation-experts/story-fnizu68q-1227168725873) on 1 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2015. 96. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wenxuecity_96-0) ["大陆论坛惊现预言帖两周前警告远离亚航(图) (Astonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior)"](http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2014/12/28/3904836.html). 文学城新闻频道 ([Wenxuecity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenxuecity "Wenxuecity") News Channel). 28 December 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150201000958/http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2014/12/28/3904836.html) from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... (According to news from [Weibo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Weibo "Sina Weibo"), a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on [Tianya Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianya_Club "Tianya Club") at 8.15pm on the 15th of that month \[December\], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'...)" 97. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-xinhuanet_97-0) [""神帖"言中亚航失联专家表示纯属偶然 ("Legendary" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131171451/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-01/01/c_127351593.htm). [Xinhuanet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhuanet "Xinhuanet"). 1 January 2015. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-01/01/c_127351593.htm) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "发帖者"老百姓有自己的乐"劝所有乘客"远离亚航"。 (The poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'.)" 98. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-nanyang_98-0) ["是预言还是窜改日期"马后炮"？中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 (A prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131172017/http://www.nanyang.com/node/671820?tid=1039). 南洋网 (Nanyang Web). 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http://www.nanyang.com/node/671820?tid=1039) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "中国媒体报道，网名"老百姓有自己的乐"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说："国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。(The Chinese media reported that a member of [Tianya Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianya_Club "Tianya Club") named 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive.)" 99. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-sina_99-0) ["亚航客机出事网曝网友早有神级预测 (AirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before)"](http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-12-30/141531344770.shtml). [Sina.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Corp "Sina Corp"). 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131171709/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-12-30/141531344770.shtml) from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "一位网名为"老百姓有自己的乐"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。(A netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia.)" 100. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-100) Stableford, Dylan (20 March 2014). ["CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?"](https://news.yahoo.com/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html). [Yahoo News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo_News "Yahoo News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140323102813/http://news.yahoo.com/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html) from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014. 101. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-101) Graef, Aileen (20 March 2014). ["Former DoT official shuts down CNN's conspiracy theories about flight 370"](http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2014/03/20/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370/9131395346019/). [UPI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International "United Press International"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140326075056/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2014/03/20/Former-DoT-official-shuts-down-CNNs-conspiracy-theories-about-flight-370/9131395346019/) from the original on 26 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014. 102. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-TheWireDotCom01a_102-0) Abby Ohlheiser (20 March 2014). ["We Asked Astronomers About CNN's Black Hole-Based Malaysian Plane Theory"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141020170114/http://www.thewire.com/global/2014/03/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory/359382/). [TheWire.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic"). Archived from [the original](http://www.thewire.com/global/2014/03/we-asked-scientists-about-cnns-black-hole-based-malaysian-plane-theory/359382/) on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 14 September 2014. 103. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-103) Martinez, Michael (21 March 2014). ["From 'ghostly' to psychic, theories abound on Malaysia Airlines Flight 370"](http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/21/us/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories/). CNN. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140325042955/http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/21/us/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-theories/) from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 24 March 2014. 104. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-1) [c](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-2) [d](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-breezejmu.org_104-3) ["Conspiracy Fact or Fiction \\| Twitter voicemail & flight 370"](https://www.breezejmu.org/opinion/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html). 3 February 2019. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20221005170623/https://www.breezejmu.org/opinion/conspiracy-fact-or-fiction-twitter-voicemail-flight-370/article_0cde6018-24ba-11e9-b6ef-5b2267105665.html) from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2021. 105. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140309boxuncmb_105-0)* [""中国烈士旅领导人"发信称对马航客机失事负责"](http://boxun.com/news/gb/intl/2014/03/201403091656.shtml). 9 March 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140506101131/http://boxun.com/news/gb/intl/2014/03/201403091656.shtml) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014. 106. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140310ibtimescmb_106-0) ["Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim"](http://www.ibtimes.com/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia). [International Business Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times "International Business Times"). 10 March 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140506103500/http://www.ibtimes.com/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014. ## Further reading \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=19 "Edit section: Further reading")\] - [Cawthorne, Nigel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne "Nigel Cawthorne") (2014). [Flight MH370 – The Mystery](https://books.google.com/books?id=A_iVAwAAQBAJ&q=flight+mh370+the+mystery). John Blake Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1784181130](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1784181130 "Special:BookSources/978-1784181130") . - de Changy, Florence (2021). The Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370. London: HarperCollins. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780008381530](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008381530 "Special:BookSources/9780008381530") . - [Dunning, Brian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_\(author\) "Brian Dunning (author)") (31 October 2017). ["Skeptoid \#595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370"](https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4595). [Skeptoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_\(author\)#Skeptoid_podcasts "Brian Dunning (author)"). \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Malaysia_Airlines "Template:Malaysia Airlines") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_Airlines "Template talk:Malaysia Airlines") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_Airlines "Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia Airlines")[Malaysia Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines "Malaysia Airlines") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| History \| [Malayan Airways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines#History "Malaysia–Singapore Airlines") (1946-1963) [Sabah Airways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah_Airways "Sabah Airways") (1953-1957) [Borneo Airways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneo_Airways "Borneo Airways") (1957-1965) [Federation Air Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_Air_Service "Federation Air Service") (1951-1956; 1958-1960) [Malaysian Airways](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines#History "Malaysia–Singapore Airlines") (1963-1966) [Malaysia–Singapore Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Airlines "Malaysia–Singapore Airlines") (1966-1972) \| \| Accidents and incidents \| [MH653](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_653 "Malaysian Airline System Flight 653") (1977; 100 fatalities) [MH684](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Airline_System_Flight_684 "Malaysian Airline System Flight 684") (1983; no fatalities) [MH2133](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_2133 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 2133") (1995; 34 fatalities) [MH370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") (2014; missing with 239 people · [search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_for_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") · [timeline](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Timeline of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") · [disappearance theories]()) [MH17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 17") (2014; 298 fatalities · [reactions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown "International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown")) \| \| Services \| [Destinations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_destinations "Malaysia Airlines destinations") [Fleet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_fleet "Malaysia Airlines fleet") \| \| Subsidiaries \| [Amal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_\(airline\) "Amal (airline)") [Firefly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly_\(airline\) "Firefly (airline)") [MASkargo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASkargo "MASkargo") [MASwings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MASwings "MASwings") \| \| [v](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conspiracy_theories "Template:Conspiracy theories") [t](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conspiracy_theories "Template talk:Conspiracy theories") [e](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy_theories "Special:EditPage/Template:Conspiracy theories")[Conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory "Conspiracy theory") \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [List of conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories "List of conspiracy theories") \| \| \| Overview \| \| \| \| \| \| Core topics \| [Antiscience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiscience "Antiscience") [Cabals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabal "Cabal") [deep state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state "Deep state") [éminence grise](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89minence_grise "Éminence grise") [power behind the throne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_behind_the_throne "Power behind the throne") [Conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy "Conspiracy") [Civil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_conspiracy "Civil conspiracy") [Criminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy "Criminal conspiracy") [Political](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_conspiracies "List of political conspiracies") [Crisis actors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_actor "Crisis actor") [Deception](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception "Deception") [Dystopia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystopia "Dystopia") [Espionage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espionage "Espionage") [Global catastrophe scenarios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_catastrophe_scenarios "Global catastrophe scenarios") [Hidden message](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_message "Hidden message") [Pseudohistory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudohistory "Pseudohistory") [Pseudoscience](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoscience "Pseudoscience") [Secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secrecy "Secrecy") [Secret societies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_society "Secret society") [Urban legends and myths](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_legends_and_myths "Urban legends and myths") \| \| Psychology \| [Attitude polarization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_polarization#Attitude_polarization "Group polarization") [Cognitive dissonance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_dissonance "Cognitive dissonance") [Communal reinforcement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communal_reinforcement "Communal reinforcement") [Confirmation bias](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias "Confirmation bias") [Denialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denialism "Denialism") [Locus of control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_of_control "Locus of control") [Manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulation_\(psychology\) "Manipulation (psychology)") [Mass psychogenic illness](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness "Mass psychogenic illness") [moral panics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_panic "Moral panic") [Paranoia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia "Paranoia") [Psychological projection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_projection "Psychological projection") \| \| Astronomy and outer space \| \| \| \| \| \| [UFOs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFO_conspiracy_theories "UFO conspiracy theories") ([Alleged aliens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alleged_extraterrestrial_beings "List of alleged extraterrestrial beings")) \| \| \| \| \| \| [Hoaxes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes "List of UFO-related hoaxes") \| [Dundy County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundy_County_UFO_hoax "Dundy County UFO hoax") (1884) [Maury Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maury_Island_incident "Maury Island incident") (1947) [Roswell](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_incident#Roswell_in_UFO_conspiracy_theories_\(1978%E2%80%93present\) "Roswell incident") (1947) [Twin Falls](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin_Falls_saucer_hoax "Twin Falls saucer hoax") (1947) [Aztec, New Mexico](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec,_New_Mexico_crashed_saucer_hoax "Aztec, New Mexico crashed saucer hoax") (1949) [Southern England](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1967_British_flying_saucer_hoax "1967 British flying saucer hoax") (1967) [Ilkley Moor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_UFO-related_hoaxes#Photograph_of_"an_alien"_taken_at_Ilkley_Moor_\(1987\) "List of UFO-related hoaxes") (1987) [Gulf Breeze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Breeze_UFO_incident "Gulf Breeze UFO incident") (1987–88) [Alien autopsy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Autopsy_\(1995_film\) "Alien Autopsy (1995 film)") (1995) [Morristown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morristown_UFO_hoax "Morristown UFO hoax") (2009) \| \| Deaths and disappearances \| \| \| \| \| \| [Assassination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination "Assassination") / [suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide "Suicide") theories \| [Zachary Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Assassination_theories "Zachary Taylor") (1850) [Ludwig II of Bavaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria#Death "Ludwig II of Bavaria") (1886) [Louis Le Prince](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Le_Prince#Disappearance "Louis Le Prince") (1890) [Lord Kitchener](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener#Death "Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener") (1916) [Tom Thomson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_legacy_of_Tom_Thomson#Alternative_theories "Death and legacy of Tom Thomson") (1917) [Władysław Sikorski](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski%27s_death_controversy "Władysław Sikorski's death controversy") (1943) [Benito Mussolini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Benito_Mussolini#Post-war_controversy "Death of Benito Mussolini") (1945) [Adolf Hitler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_Adolf_Hitler%27s_death "Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death") (1945) [Subhas Chandra Bose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Subhas_Chandra_Bose "Death of Subhas Chandra Bose") (1945) [Johnny Stompanato](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Stompanato#Legacy_and_conspiracy_theories "Killing of Johnny Stompanato") (1958) [Marilyn Monroe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Marilyn_Monroe#Conspiracy_theories "Death of Marilyn Monroe") (1962) [John F. Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories "John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories") (1963) [Lee Harvey Oswald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Harvey_Oswald#Foreign_involvement_in_his_murder "Lee Harvey Oswald") (1963) [Lal Bahadur Shastri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri#Death "Lal Bahadur Shastri") (1966) [Harold Holt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance_of_Harold_Holt#Conspiracy_theories "Disappearance of Harold Holt") (1967) [Martin Luther King Jr.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._assassination_conspiracy_theories "Martin Luther King Jr. assassination conspiracy theories") (1968) [Robert F. Kennedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_assassination_conspiracy_theories "Robert F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories") (1968) [Salvador Allende](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Salvador_Allende "Death of Salvador Allende") (1973) [Aldo Moro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro "Conspiracy theories about the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro") (1978) [Renny Ottolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renny_Ottolina#Death_and_legacy "Renny Ottolina") (1978) [Pope John Paul I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories "Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories") (1978) [Airey Neave](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave#Conspiracy_theories "Airey Neave") (1979) [Olof Palme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Olof_Palme#Murder_theories "Assassination of Olof Palme") (1986) [Zia-ul-Haq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq#Theories "Death and state funeral of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq") (1988) [GEC-Marconi scientists](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEC-Marconi_scientist_deaths_conspiracy_theory "GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory") (1980s–90s) [Turgut Özal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal#Death_and_exhumation "Turgut Özal") (1993) [Vince Foster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_of_Vince_Foster "Suicide of Vince Foster") (1993) [Kurt Cobain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_of_Kurt_Cobain "Suicide of Kurt Cobain") (1994) [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin_assassination_conspiracy_theories "Yitzhak Rabin assassination conspiracy theories") (1995) [Diana, Princess of Wales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_death_of_Diana,_Princess_of_Wales "Conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales") (1997) [Vatican murders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_murders "Vatican murders") (1998) [Nepalese royal family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalese_royal_massacre#Conspiracy_theories "Nepalese royal massacre") (2001) [Yasser Arafat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death#Theories_about_the_cause_of_death "Cause of Yasser Arafat's death") (2004) [Benazir Bhutto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Benazir_Bhutto#United_Nations_inquiry "Assassination of Benazir Bhutto") (2007) [Osama bin Laden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden_death_conspiracy_theories "Osama bin Laden death conspiracy theories") (2011) [Hugo Chávez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez "Death of Hugo Chávez") (2013) [Seth Rich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich "Murder of Seth Rich") (2016) [Alejandro Castro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Castro_\(activist\) "Alejandro Castro (activist)") (2018) [Jeffrey Epstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Jeffrey_Epstein#Homicide_suspicions_and_conspiracy_theories "Death of Jeffrey Epstein") (2019) [Chan Yin-lam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Chan_Yin-lam "Death of Chan Yin-lam") (2019) [Sushant Singh Rajput](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Sushant_Singh_Rajput#Public_reactions "Death of Sushant Singh Rajput") (2020) [John McAfee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McAfee#Death "John McAfee") (2021) \| \| Accidents / disasters \| [Mary Celeste](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Celeste#Myths_and_false_histories "Mary Celeste") (1872) [RMS Titanic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanic_conspiracy_theories "Titanic conspiracy theories") (1912) [Great Kantō earthquake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake#Ensuing_violence "1923 Great Kantō earthquake") (1923) [Lynmouth Flood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynmouth_Flood#Conspiracy_theory "Lynmouth Flood") (1952) [Dyatlov Pass](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyatlov_Pass_incident "Dyatlov Pass incident") (1959) [Lost Cosmonauts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Cosmonauts "Lost Cosmonauts") (1950s–60s) [JAT Flight 367](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAT_Flight_367#Shootdown_conspiracy_theory "JAT Flight 367") (1972) [United Air Lines Flight 553](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Air_Lines_Flight_553#Conspiracy_theories "United Air Lines Flight 553") (1972) [Itavia Flight 870](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itavia_Flight_870#Hypotheses_on_the_causes "Itavia Flight 870") (1980) [South African Airways Flight 295](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Airways_Flight_295#Theories_regarding_the_cause_of_the_fire "South African Airways Flight 295") (1987) [Khamar-Daban](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamar-Daban_incident "Khamar-Daban incident") (1993) [MS Estonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_MS_Estonia "Sinking of the MS Estonia") (1994) [TWA Flight 800](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWA_Flight_800_conspiracy_theories "TWA Flight 800 conspiracy theories") (1996) [EgyptAir Flight 990](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_990#Media_coverage "EgyptAir Flight 990") (1999) [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370]() (2014) \| \| Other cases \| [Joan of Arc](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_historical_interpretations_of_Joan_of_Arc "Alternative historical interpretations of Joan of Arc") (1431) [Roanoke Colony](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roanoke_Colony#Hypotheses_about_the_colony's_disappearance "Roanoke Colony") (1585) [Yemenite children](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Children_Affair "Yemenite Children Affair") (1948–54) [Elvis Presley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_sightings "Elvis sightings") (1977) [Jonestown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonestown#Conspiracy_theories "Jonestown") (1978) \| \| Body double hoax \| [Paul McCartney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_is_dead "Paul is dead") [Avril Lavigne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne_replacement_conspiracy_theory "Avril Lavigne replacement conspiracy theory") [Vladimir Putin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theory_about_Vladimir_Putin%27s_body_doubles "Conspiracy theory about Vladimir Putin's body doubles") [Melania Trump](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melania_Trump_replacement_conspiracy_theory "Melania Trump replacement conspiracy theory") \| \| Energy, environment \| \| \| \| \| \| United States \| [California drought manipulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_drought_manipulation_conspiracy_theory "California drought manipulation conspiracy theory") [HAARP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Frequency_Active_Auroral_Research_Program#Conspiracy_theories "High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program") [2024 Atlantic hurricanes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misinformation_about_the_2024_Atlantic_hurricane_season "Misinformation about the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season") [Camp Fire disinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene#Camp_Fire_conspiracy_theory "Marjorie Taylor Greene") \| \| [False flag](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag "False flag") allegations \| \| \| [USS Maine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Maine_\(1889\)#False_flag_operation_conspiracy_theories "USS Maine (1889)") (1898) [RMS Lusitania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania#Controversies "Sinking of the RMS Lusitania") (1915) [Reichstag fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichstag_fire#Dispute_about_Van_der_Lubbe's_role "Reichstag fire") (1933) [Pearl Harbor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Harbor_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theory "Pearl Harbor advance-knowledge conspiracy theory") (1941) [USS Liberty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident#Ongoing_controversy_and_unresolved_questions "USS Liberty incident") (1967) [Lufthansa Flight 615](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lufthansa_Flight_615#Allegations_of_West_German_government_involvement "Lufthansa Flight 615") (1972) [Widerøe Flight 933](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wider%C3%B8e_Flight_933 "Widerøe Flight 933") (1982) [KAL Flight 007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007_alternative_theories "Korean Air Lines Flight 007 alternative theories") (1983) [Mozambican presidential jet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_Mozambican_Tupolev_Tu-134_crash "1986 Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 crash") (1986) [Pan Am Flight 103](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories "Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories") (1988) [Oklahoma City bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma_City_bombing_conspiracy_theories "Oklahoma City bombing conspiracy theories") (1995) [9/11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories "9/11 conspiracy theories") (2001) [advance knowledge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks_advance-knowledge_conspiracy_theories "September 11 attacks advance-knowledge conspiracy theories") [WTC collapse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center_controlled_demolition_conspiracy_theories "World Trade Center controlled demolition conspiracy theories") [Madrid train bombing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_about_the_2004_Madrid_train_bombings "Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings") (2004) [London bombings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings#Conspiracy_theories "7 July 2005 London bombings") (2005) [Smolensk air disaster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smolensk_air_disaster "Smolensk air disaster") (2010) [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17#Russian_media_coverage "Malaysia Airlines Flight 17") (2014) [Denial of the 7 October attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks "Denial of the 7 October attacks") (2023) \| \| \| Gender and sexuality \| \| \| [Alpha/beta males](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male "Alpha and beta male") [Anti-LGBTQ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric "Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric") [Anti-gender movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-gender_movement "Anti-gender movement") [Chemicals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_chemicals_conspiracy_theory "LGBTQ chemicals conspiracy theory") [Drag panic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drag_panic "Drag panic") [Gay agenda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_agenda "Gay agenda") [Gay bomb](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_bomb "Gay bomb") [Gay Nazis myth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gay_Nazis_myth "Gay Nazis myth") [HIV/AIDS stigma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_HIV/AIDS#1981%E2%80%931982:_From_GRID_to_AIDS "History of HIV/AIDS") [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_the_United_States#Public_perception "HIV/AIDS in the United States") [Homintern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric#Homintern "Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric") [Lavender Scare](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavender_Scare "Lavender Scare") [Recruitment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric#Recruitment "Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric") [Grooming](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory "LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory") [Litter box hoax](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_boxes_in_schools_hoax "Litter boxes in schools hoax") [Transvestigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvestigation "Transvestigation") [Finger pinching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger_pinching_conspiracy_theory "Finger pinching conspiracy theory") [Gamergate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_\(harassment_campaign\) "Gamergate (harassment campaign)") [Ideology in incel communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incel#Ideology "Incel") [Larries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larries "Larries") / [Gaylors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylor_conspiracy_theory "Gaylor conspiracy theory") [Satanic panic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satanic_panic#As_a_moral_panic "Satanic panic") [Soy and masculinity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_boy "Soy boy") \| \| \| Health \| \| \| [5G misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_misinformation "5G misinformation") [Anti-vaccination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism "Anti-vaccine activism") [Autism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism "Vaccines and autism") [MMR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism "MMR vaccine and autism") [Thiomersal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomersal_and_vaccines "Thiomersal and vaccines") [In chiropractic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic "Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic") [Misinformation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation "Vaccine misinformation") [Aspartame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame_controversy "Aspartame controversy") [Big Pharma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories "Big Pharma conspiracy theories") [Chemtrails](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemtrail_conspiracy_theory "Chemtrail conspiracy theory") [COVID-19](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation "COVID-19 misinformation") [Ivermectin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic "Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic") [Lab leak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory "COVID-19 lab leak theory") [Vaccines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy "COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy") [Turbo cancer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_cancer "Turbo cancer") In [Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada "COVID-19 misinformation in Canada") / [Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines "COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines") / [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States "COVID-19 misinformation by the United States") [Ebola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_misinformation "Ebola misinformation") [Electronic harassment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_harassment "Electronic harassment") [Germ theory denialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_denialism "Germ theory denialism") [GMOs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMO_conspiracy_theories "GMO conspiracy theories") [HIV/AIDS denialism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism "HIV/AIDS denialism") [Origins theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discredited_HIV/AIDS_origins_theories "Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories") [Oral polio AIDS hypothesis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis "Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis") [Lepers' plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1321_lepers%27_plot "1321 lepers' plot") [Medbeds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medbed "Medbed") [SARS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS_conspiracy_theory "SARS conspiracy theory") (2003) [Water fluoridation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy "Water fluoridation controversy") [Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1951_Pont-Saint-Esprit_mass_poisoning "1951 Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning") \| \| \| Race, religion, ethnicity \| \| \| \| \| \| [Antisemitic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic_trope "Antisemitic trope") \| [Andinia Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andinia_Plan "Andinia Plan") [Blood libel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_libel "Blood libel") [Cohen Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen_Plan "Cohen Plan") [Doctors' plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctors%27_plot "Doctors' plot") [During the Black Death](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_during_the_Black_Death "Persecution of Jews during the Black Death") [Epsilon Team](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilon_Team "Epsilon Team") [George Soros](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories "George Soros conspiracy theories") [Holocaust denial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial "Holocaust denial") [Trivialization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization "Holocaust trivialization") [International Jewish conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Jewish_conspiracy "International Jewish conspiracy") [Committee of 300](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_300 "Committee of 300") [Cultural Bolshevism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_Bolshevism "Cultural Bolshevism") / [Jewish Bolshevism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Bolshevism "Jewish Bolshevism") [Żydokomuna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBydokomuna "Żydokomuna") [Judeo-Masonic plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Masonic_conspiracy_theory "Judeo-Masonic conspiracy theory") [The Protocols of the Elders of Zion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion") [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory "Jewish war conspiracy theory") [Z.O.G.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory "Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory") [Judeopolonia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeopolonia "Judeopolonia") [Killing of Jesus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_deicide "Jewish deicide") [Kalergi Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalergi_Plan "Kalergi Plan") [New World Order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Order_\(conspiracy_theory\) "New World Order (conspiracy theory)") [Rothschilds](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothschild_family#Conspiracy_theories "Rothschild family") [Stab-in-the-back myth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth "Stab-in-the-back myth") \| \| Christian \| \| \| \| \| \| [Anti-Christian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment "Anti-Christian sentiment") \| [Anti-Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#Anti-Catholic_conspiracy_theories "List of conspiracy theories") [Vatican](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_conspiracy_theories "Vatican conspiracy theories") [John Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_I_conspiracy_theories "Pope John Paul I conspiracy theories") [Giuseppe Siri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_election_of_Giuseppe_Siri_theory "Papal election of Giuseppe Siri theory") [Popish Plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popish_Plot "Popish Plot") [Jesuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_conspiracy_theories "Jesuit conspiracy theories") \| \| [Islamophobic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobia "Islamophobia") \| [Counter-jihad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-jihad "Counter-jihad") [Bihar human sacrifice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpIndia#Bihar_human_sacrifice_claims "OpIndia") [Eurabia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurabia_conspiracy_theory "Eurabia conspiracy theory") [Great Replacement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Replacement "Great Replacement") [Love jihad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Love_jihad_conspiracy_theory "Love jihad conspiracy theory") [Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamo-leftism#2021_proposed_Vidal_inquiry "Islamo-leftism") [Trojan Horse scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trojan_Horse_scandal "Trojan Horse scandal") \| \| [Genocide denial](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_denial "Genocide denial") / [Denial of mass killings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Denial_of_mass_killings "Template:Denial of mass killings") \| [Armenian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial "Armenian genocide denial") [Assyrian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayfo#Denial_and_justification "Sayfo") [Bangladesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide#Views_in_Pakistan "Bangladesh genocide") [Bosnian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial "Bosnian genocide denial") [Cambodian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial "Cambodian genocide denial") [Gaza](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_genocide_denial "Gaza genocide denial") [Pallywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallywood "Pallywood") [The Holocaust](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial "Holocaust denial") [Holodomor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holodomor_denial "Holodomor denial") [Nanjing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial "Nanjing Massacre denial") [Rwandan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial "Rwandan genocide denial") [Serbs during WWII](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia "Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia") \| \| Regional \| \| \| \| \| \| Asia \| India [Cow vigilante violence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow_vigilante_violence_in_India "Cow vigilante violence in India") Pakistan [Jinnahpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinnahpur "Jinnahpur") Philippines [Tallano gold](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallano_gold "Tallano gold") South Korea [Finger-pinching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger-pinching_conspiracy_theory "Finger-pinching conspiracy theory") Thailand [Finland Plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland_Plot "Finland Plot") \| \| Americas (outside the United States) \| Argentina [Andinia Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andinia_Plan "Andinia Plan") Canada [Avro Arrow cancellation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF-105_Arrow#Cancellation "Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow") [Trudeau-Castro conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau%E2%80%93Fidel_Castro_conspiracy_theory "Justin Trudeau–Fidel Castro conspiracy theory") [Leuchter report](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuchter_report "Leuchter report") Peru [Casa Matusita](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Matusita "Casa Matusita") Venezuela [Daktari Ranch affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daktari_Ranch_affair "Daktari Ranch affair") [Golpe Azul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_Azul "Golpe Azul") \| \| Middle East / North Africa \| [In the Arab world](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_the_Arab_world "Conspiracy theories in the Arab world") [10 agorot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10_agorot_controversy "10 agorot controversy") [Cairo fire](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_fire#Conspiracy_theories "Cairo fire") [Kissinger Plan in Lebanon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissinger_Plan_in_Lebanon "Kissinger Plan in Lebanon") [Israel-related animal theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-related_animal_conspiracy_theories "Israel-related animal conspiracy theories") Iran [Western-backed Iranian Revolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_about_the_overthrow_of_Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi "Conspiracy theories about the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi") Israel [Pallywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallywood "Pallywood") \| \| Russia \| [Alaska payment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska_payment_conspiracy "Alaska payment conspiracy") [Dulles' Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dulles%27_Plan "Dulles' Plan") [Golden billion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_billion "Golden billion") [Petrograd Military Organization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagantsev_conspiracy "Tagantsev conspiracy") [Rasputin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigori_Rasputin "Grigori Rasputin") [Ukraine bioweapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory "Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory") \| \| [Turkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_Turkey "Conspiracy theories in Turkey") \| [2016 coup attempt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt#Staged_coup_reports "2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt") [Ergenekon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_\(organization\) "Ergenekon (organization)") [Operation Sledgehammer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_\(alleged_coup_plan\) "Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)") [Gezi Park protests](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests#Conspiracy_claims "Gezi Park protests") [Sèvres syndrome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8vres_syndrome "Sèvres syndrome") [Üst akıl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories#%C3%9Cst_ak%C4%B1l "List of conspiracy theories") \| \| Other European \| [Euromyth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromyth "Euromyth") Georgia [Global War Party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_War_Party "Global War Party") Germany [Vril Society](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vril_Society "Vril Society") Ireland [German Plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Plot_\(Ireland\) "German Plot (Ireland)") Lithuania [Statesmen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statesmen_\(conspiracy_theory\) "Statesmen (conspiracy theory)") Roman Republic [First Catilinarian conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Catilinarian_conspiracy "First Catilinarian conspiracy") Spain [Mano Negra affair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mano_Negra_affair "Mano Negra affair") Sweden [Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilla_Saltsj%C3%B6badsavtalet "Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet") UK [Clockwork Orange plot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwork_Orange_\(plot\) "Clockwork Orange (plot)") [Elm Guest House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elm_Guest_House_hoax "Elm Guest House hoax") [Harold Wilson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilson_plot_allegations "Harold Wilson plot allegations") [Voting pencil](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_pencil_conspiracy_theory "Voting pencil conspiracy theory") \| \| [United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_in_United_States_politics "Conspiracy theories in United States politics") \| \| \| \| \| \| [2020 election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Conspiracy_allegations "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") \| [Italygate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italygate "Italygate") ["Pence Card"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Pence_Card "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") [Maricopa County ballot audit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Maricopa_County_presidential_ballot_audit "2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot audit") [Stop the Steal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election#Stop_the_Steal "Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election") \| \| Other \| \| \| \| \| \| [Pseudolaw](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudolaw "Pseudolaw") \| [Admiralty law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_law#Conspiracy_theory "Maritime law") [Freeman on the land movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement "Freeman on the land movement") [Redemption movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redemption_movement "Redemption movement") [Sovereign citizens](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement "Sovereign citizen movement") [Strawman theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawman_theory "Strawman theory") [Tax protesters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_protester_conspiracy_arguments "Tax protester conspiracy arguments") \| \| Satirical \| [Acre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acre_conspiracy "Acre conspiracy") [Bielefeld](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielefeld_conspiracy "Bielefeld conspiracy") [Birds Aren't Real](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birds_Aren%27t_Real "Birds Aren't Real") [Li's field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27s_field "Li's field") [Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Cruz%E2%80%93Zodiac_Killer_meme "Ted Cruz–Zodiac Killer meme") [Epstein didn't kill himself](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein_didn%27t_kill_himself "Epstein didn't kill himself") \| \| See also \| \| \| [Argument from ignorance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance "Argument from ignorance") [Conspiracy Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_Encyclopedia "Conspiracy Encyclopedia") [Conspiracy fiction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_fiction "Conspiracy fiction") [Conspirituality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspirituality "Conspirituality") [Dogma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma "Dogma") [pseudoskepticism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoskepticism "Pseudoskepticism") [Falsifiability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiability "Falsifiability") [Fringe science](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringe_science "Fringe science") [Historical negationism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_negationism "Historical negationism") [Online youth radicalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_youth_radicalization "Online youth radicalization") [Paranormal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranormal "Paranormal") [Prejudice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prejudice "Prejudice") [Hate speech](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech "Hate speech") [Radicalization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalization "Radicalization") [Science by press conference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_by_press_conference "Science by press conference") [Superstition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstition "Superstition") \| \| ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&oldid=1345709079>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [2014 controversies](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:2014_controversies "Category:2014 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Readable Markdown	[![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MAS_plane.jpg/250px-MAS_plane.jpg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MAS_plane.jpg) 9M-MRO, the Boeing 777 involved in the incident, pictured in October 2013, 5 months before its disappearance. [Malaysia Airlines Flight 370](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 370") disappeared on 8 March 2014, after departing from [Kuala Lumpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur "Kuala Lumpur") for [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), with 227 passengers and 12 crew members on board.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-1) [Najib Razak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Razak "Najib Razak"), [Malaysia's prime minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia "Prime Minister of Malaysia") at the time, stated that the aircraft's flight ended somewhere in the Indian Ocean, but no further explanation was given.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-UnsuccessfulSearch-2) Despite searches finding debris which almost certainly originated from the crash,[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) official announcements were questioned by many critics. As such, several theories about the disappearance were proposed.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-6) Some of these were described as [conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_theories "Conspiracy theories").[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8) According to Rob Brotherton, a psychology lecturer at [Goldsmiths, University of London](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmiths,_University_of_London "Goldsmiths, University of London"), whenever there is a lack of conclusive information following headline-grabbing events, conspiracy theorists rush to fill the factual vacuum that is created.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Brotherton2014-7) Victims' relatives questioned the veracity of the [Malaysian government](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia "Government of Malaysia")'s statements about the fate of the aircraft. They organized a protest at the Malaysian embassy in [Beijing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing "Beijing"), aiming to force the Malaysian government to reveal any withheld information about Flight 370's whereabouts. According to [Barbara Demick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Demick "Barbara Demick") of the [Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times"), critics of the Malaysian government's statements also found support in the [Joint Agency Coordination Centre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Agency_Coordination_Centre "Joint Agency Coordination Centre")'s announcement on 29 May 2014 that the plane was not in the search area authorities had been combing since April 2014.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-9) Other factors involve the lack of a [distress signal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distress_signal "Distress signal") from the plane.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-10) Searches discovered debris and fragments in 2015, which likely originated from the crash.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015-4)[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-bbc2-5) ### Criticism and response \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Criticism and response")\] Conspiracy-focused internet sites claim that the official statement that the plane crashed into the Indian Ocean is "a blatant cover-up."[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-11) They note that a [Boeing 777](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_777 "Boeing 777") does not have the structural integrity to survive crashing into the ocean, and that it would be comparable to hitting a concrete wall at [terminal velocity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_velocity "Terminal velocity"). If Flight 370 hit the ocean, they say, it would have been broken into tens of thousands of pieces, many of which float on water (such as the seat cushions) and would be seen washing up on regional shores or easily spotted by search teams.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-12) Those criticisms diminished after several pieces of the aircraft were positively identified in the years after its disappearance.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-13) Harvard professor [Cass Sunstein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cass_Sunstein "Cass Sunstein") noted that the conflicting information initially released by the Malaysian government explains the interest in alternative theories.[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) Sunstein argued in an interview with [The Wall Street Journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal "The Wall Street Journal") on 20 March 2014 that conspiracy theories in general often are born out of horrific and disastrous situations because such events make people angry, fearful and looking for a "target".[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wsj-2014-03-20-14) David Soucie, a former FAA inspector, has said that the theories that have been put forth in this matter are important when there is a lack of knowledge, as the theories and notions help us to consider various possibilities. On 26 March 2014, he stated on [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"): > In an accident investigation, it's a critical part to come up with theories. Especially right now when we don't have anything. We don't have anything tangible. We don't have something to say, hey, yes—because we don't know where that airplane is and we need to find out why. If you take one theory, the airplane would be where we're looking at right now. If you take another theory, where there was nefarious intent, they're trying to avoid radars, the airplane could be somewhere else. If you say it was—whatever it is, you've got to use these theories, weigh them against the facts so you know which one to go to.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-15) Tim Black, deputy editor of [Spiked](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiked_\(magazine\) "Spiked (magazine)"), wrote: "...it's in this darkness, this near absence of knowledge \[about MH370\], that speculation has flourished,"[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-16) and an editorial in the [Chicago Sun-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times "Chicago Sun-Times") not only stated that "conspiracy theories fill a vacuum when facts are scarce," but also urged governments to search for the plane to debunk these theories and give victims' family members peace of mind.[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-suntimes2014-8) The common hypothesis, cited also here, that MH370 avoided Indonesian radar is based only on a statement that the plane was not observed by Indonesia.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-17) ## Pilot suicide/mass murder \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Pilot suicide/mass murder")\] Shortly after Flight 370's disappearance, media reports revealed that Captain Zaharie Ahmad Shah's wife and three children moved out of his house the day before the disappearance; and a friend claimed that Captain Shah was seeing another woman and Shah's relationship with her was also in trouble.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18)[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Claims of domestic problems have been denied by Shah's family.[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20) A fellow pilot and long-time associate of Shah stated the captain was "terribly upset"[\[21\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NZHerald-pilot-21) that his marriage was falling apart.[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-NYDN_captain_behaviour-19) Police were also investigating reports that Shah received a two-minute phone call prior to the flight's departure from an unidentified woman using a mobile phone number obtained with a false identity.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MYChronicle-pilots-18) Furthermore, Captain Shah was also a supporter of Malaysian opposition politician [Anwar Ibrahim](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim "Anwar Ibrahim"), who [was sentenced to jail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials#Acquittal_overturned "Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials") on March 7 after an earlier acquittal on sodomy charges was overturned in a move viewed as politically motivated.[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-22) Shah was in the courtroom the day before the flight.[\[23\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-23) Investigators noted strange behaviour by Shah from conducting 170 interviews—namely, that the Captain had made no social or professional plans for after March 8, when Flight 370 disappeared.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) However, according to the French journalist [Florence de Changy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_de_Changy "Florence de Changy") who wrote a book about the flight, dismissing "100 per cent of the official narrative",[\[25\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-25) Shah made an appointment with his dentist to get back his [tooth crown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_\(dental_restoration\) "Crown (dental restoration)") when the dentist phoned him a few days before March 8.[\[26\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-26)\[[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources "Wikipedia:Citing sources")\] News reports about the Captain's lack of social plans and flight simulator exercises cite results of the police enquiry into the pilots, which have been shared with some of the investigation team but have not been released publicly. However, news reports on July 23, 2014 stated that the police considered the possible culpability of all those onboard the plane, and identified the captain as the prime suspect—if it is proven human intervention was involved.[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24) The United States' [Federal Bureau of Investigation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation "Federal Bureau of Investigation") reconstructed the deleted data from Captain Shah's home [flight simulator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_simulator "Flight simulator"); a Malaysian government spokesman indicated that "nothing sinister" had been found on it.[\[27\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-ABCus_2014-04-02-27)[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_2014-03-29-28) However, [The Sunday Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sunday_Times "The Sunday Times") later reported that among deleted flight paths performed on the flight simulator, investigators found a flight path into the Southern Ocean where a simulated landing was made on an island with a small runway.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29)[\[20\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Australian-pilot_behaviour-20)[\[24\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pilot_behaviour-24)[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-30) In 2016, a leaked American document stated that a route on the pilot's home flight simulator closely matching the projected flight over the Indian Ocean was found during the FBI analysis of the hard drive of the computer used for the flight simulator.[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-31) This was later confirmed by the ATSB, and by the Malaysian government.[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-32) In the ATSB's 2017 report "The Operational Search for MH370," new details were provided regarding the flight simulator path. It had been flown five weeks prior to the disappearance on February 2 and was reconstructed from data deleted on February 3. The simulated aircraft was a B777-200LR. The first data point showed the flight beginning in Kuala Lumpur. Subsequent data points indicated the aircraft flying northwest along the Strait of Malacca before tracking southeast to the fifth data point, located deep in the southern Indian Ocean, where fuel exhaustion occurred. In the sixth and final data point, the altitude was manually set to 4000ft, with the aircraft observed in a nose-down pitch of 5°. The report states:[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-34) > "There were enough similarities to the flight path of MH370 for the ATSB to carefully consider the possible implications for the underwater search area. These considerations included the impact on the search area if the aircraft had been either glided after fuel exhaustion or ditched under power prior to fuel exhaustion with active control of the aircraft from the cockpit." [Tony Abbott](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Abbott "Tony Abbott") was [Prime Minister of Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia "Prime Minister of Australia") when MH370 disappeared. In February 2020, six years after the plane disappeared, Abbott disclosed in a Sky News documentary: "My very clear understanding, from the very top levels of the Malaysian government, is that from very, very early on, they thought it was [murder-suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide "Murder–suicide") by the pilot."[\[35\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-35) Shah's family vehemently denied the possibility of pilot suicide.[\[36\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-36) Many aviation experts believe, and some analyses of the [flap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_\(aeronautics\) "Flap (aeronautics)") and [flaperon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaperon "Flaperon") debris suggest, that the shearing damage evident on the trailing edges of the flap and flaperon, coupled with the minimal damage observed on the leading edges, strongly suggests a controlled ditching as the likely end-of-flight scenario. This perspective contrasts sharply with the ATSB's hypothesis of a high-speed, uncontrolled plummet following fuel exhaustion. The distinct lack of substantial leading edge damage and clean shearing of the trailing edges contradicts what would be expected from a high-velocity impact.[\[37\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-37)[\[38\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-38)[\[39\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-39) A book, Goodnight Malaysian 370, was published in August 2014 by New Zealanders Geoff Taylor and Ewan Wilson; the authors blamed a deliberate act of the pilot for the aircraft's disappearance, but admitted they were not able to "provide any conclusive evidence to support his theory" nor any motive.[\[40\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-40)[\[41\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-41) In 2015, a former British Airways senior Boeing 777 pilot, Simon Hardy, told [BBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Online "BBC News Online") that the plane's route was "probably very accurate flying rather than just a coincidence", and noted that the aircraft's turn toward the north-west over the Malacca Strait allowed a clear view of the captain's home island of [Penang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang "Penang"):[\[42\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-42) > "Someone was taking a long, emotional look at Penang... there were actually three turns, not one. Someone was looking at Penang." In May 2018, Hardy repeated his claim on [60 Minutes Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minutes_\(Australian_TV_program\) "60 Minutes (Australian TV program)") that the captain used the flight as a murder–suicide and had deliberately flown the plane over his hometown of Penang before turning right and ditching the plane over the [Indian Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean "Indian Ocean").[\[43\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-43) He said they found these results by reconstructing the captain's flight plan from the military radar and that the captain had avoided detection of the plane by military radar by flying along the border of Malaysia and Thailand, crossing in and out of each country's airspaces.[\[44\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-44) The cockpit had the mandated [anti-hijacker fortified doors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_security_repercussions_due_to_the_September_11_attacks#Increased_security_on_aircraft "Airport security repercussions due to the September 11 attacks") that could prevent locked-out crew or passengers from interfering with a suicide or hijacking into the [Southern Ocean](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ocean "Southern Ocean").[\[45\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Landau04-14-45) A British television documentary, broadcast in March 2024, suggested that Captain Zaharie Ahmad could have selected manual control of the cabin conditioning system to deprive all occupants of air.[\[46\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-vanish-46) In 2022, retired French captain Patrick Blelly and senior telecom engineer Jean-Luc Marchand released a long report about scientific-based figures arguing for a pilot suicide, and used [flight simulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_simulators "Flight simulators") to support their findings.[\[47\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-47)[\[48\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-48) In 2023 and 2024, they gave several conferences in which they discussed their scenario.[\[49\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-49) The possibility of a simple hijacking has been brought up by various news outlets, including [ABC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_\(United_States\) "ABC News (United States)") and the [Los Angeles Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times "Los Angeles Times").[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50)[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) Speculation has mounted about the possibility that hijackers took the plane to a remote island, although no group has claimed responsibility;[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) unofficial researchers have identified more than 600 possible runways at which the plane was capable of landing.[\[51\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-hope-51) No confirmation has been received from Malaysian officials.[\[52\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-52) The credibility of several hijacking theories have become further marginalized following the discovery of the first definitive fragments of MH370 wreckage in July 2015.[\[53\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-53) Shortly after the aircraft disappeared, it was claimed that it may have been an act of terrorism, possibly a [conspiracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy "Conspiracy") attack.[\[54\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-54)[\[55\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-55)[\[56\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-56) Between 9 and 14 March 2014, media mogul [Rupert Murdoch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch "Rupert Murdoch") tweeted that Flight 370's disappearance "confirms conspiracy turning to make trouble for China \[[sic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic "Sic")\]." He later suggested the flight might have been hidden in northern Pakistan, "like [Bin Laden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden "Osama bin Laden")". These remarks have not been confirmed, and were characterized as conspiracy theories by Shiv Malik in [The Guardian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian "The Guardian").[\[57\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-57) The following month, the Russian newspaper [Moskovskij Komsomolets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovskij_Komsomolets "Moskovskij Komsomolets") endorsed a similar theory, claiming that "unknown terrorists" had hijacked the plane, flown it to [Afghanistan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan "Afghanistan"), and then held the crew and passengers hostage.[\[58\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-58) A story circulated on [Reddit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddit "Reddit") that MH370 had sufficient fuel to be hijacked to [North Korea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea "North Korea") as was done in 1969 with a [Korean Air Lines YS-11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_YS-11_hijacking "Korean Air Lines YS-11 hijacking").[\[59\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-59)[\[60\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-60) ### Acquisition of Freescale staff \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Acquisition of Freescale staff")\] A variety of social media posts and email [chain letters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_letters "Chain letters") claim that a patent (\#[8671381](https://patents.google.com/patent/US8671381)) was approved days after the disappearance of the MH370, and the right to the patent was split five ways—20% to [Freescale Semiconductor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor "Freescale Semiconductor") and 20% each to four employees, all of whom were passengers on the plane.[\[61\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-61) The patent deals with fabrication of integrated circuits on a semiconductor wafer. The fact-checking website [snopes.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes.com "Snopes.com") suggests that there is no evidence that the four inventors listed on the patent application were on the aircraft passenger list, nor that they were entitled to a 20% share of the patent, and it says it is unlikely that their share would revert to Freescale on their death as presented in the email.[\[62\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-62) Conspiracy theorists have suggested that MH370 was either captured by [U.S. Navy SEALs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs "United States Navy SEALs") and then flown to the [U.S. Naval base](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy "United States Navy") on the atoll of [Diego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Garcia "Diego Garcia")[\[63\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-63) in the [British Indian Ocean Territory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory "British Indian Ocean Territory") to bring to justice Chinese computer scientists believed to be responsible for hacking attacks on U.S. Department of Defense computer servers or that the plane landed at the base directly after being instructed to travel there. The latter theory was raised at a [White House](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House "White House") daily briefing on 18 March, whereupon press secretary [Jay Carney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Carney "Jay Carney") responded, "I'll rule that one out."[\[64\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-64) Underpinning the Diego Garcia theory were several elements, one of which was the co-pilot's mobile phone contact and the plane's westward turn, both of which were consistent with a flight path toward the island.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] In that vein, it was reported by the [Daily Mirror](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Mirror "Daily Mirror"), without giving a concrete source, that the captain had trained in landing on an Indian Ocean island with a short runway, using a flight simulator in his home computer.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-mirror.co.uk-29) Several mass media sources reported that the captain had trained using his aviasimulator to land on five runways—each at least 1,000 metres (0.62 mi) long—in the Indian Ocean region, namely Diego Garcia and [Male International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_International_Airport "Male International Airport") (MLE) and other airstrips in India and Sri Lanka.[\[65\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-CNN-DG-65)[\[66\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-66) These allegations were disputed by the FBI, which reported that after analyzing the impounded flight simulator, it had found "nothing suspicious whatsoever" and said that the Mirror's reports about the simulator's contents were "unsubstantiated and unsourced".[\[67\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FBISimulator-67)[\[68\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-MirrorUnsubstantiated-68) Giving a new twist to the MH370 missing story, a former French airline boss has claimed that the Malaysia Airlines flight was shot down by the U.S. military near their base on Diego Garcia.[\[69\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-frenchboss-69) In an article published on 18 March 2014, journalists Farah Ahmed and Ahmed Naif of the [Maldivian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives "Maldives") newspaper [Haveeru](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haveeru "Haveeru") wrote: "...several residents of [Kuda Huvadhoo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudahuvadhoo "Kudahuvadhoo") told Haveeru on Tuesday that they saw a 'low flying jumbo jet' at around 06:15 on March 8. They said that it was a white aircraft, with red stripes across it—which is what the Malaysia Airlines flights typically look like. Eyewitnesses from the Kuda Huvadhoo concurred that the jet was traveling North to South-East, towards the Southern tip of the Maldives—Addu. They also noted the incredibly loud noise that the flight made when it flew over the island. 'I've never seen a jet flying so low over our island before. We've seen seaplanes, but I'm sure that this was not one of those. I could even make out the doors on the plane clearly.' said an eyewitness. 'It's not just me either, several other residents have reported seeing the exact same thing. Some people got out of their houses to see what was causing the tremendous noise too.' Mohamed Zaheem, the Island Councilor of Kuda Huvadhoo, said that the residents of the island had spoken about the incident."[\[70\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-70) The discovery in late July 2015 of debris from a Boeing 777, on a beach on [Réunion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union "Réunion") island, east of [Madagascar](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar "Madagascar"), suspected (and later deemed "highly likely")[\[71\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC33794012-71)[\[72\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-72) to be from MH370, quickly led to renewed Internet speculation that the plane had been shot down near Diego Garcia, which is 1,475 miles (2,374 km) away from Réunion,[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) out of fears of a terrorist attack.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) However, oceanographers such as Professor Charitha Pattiaratchi from the [University of Western Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia "University of Western Australia") said that "the arrival of MH370 debris in Réunion would conform to [the expected path of ocean currents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Gyre "Indian Ocean Gyre") from the point in its flight path where it was believed to have crashed".[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) Many people, including some of those who believed the plane had landed safely on Diego Garcia (or elsewhere), quickly dismissed the debris as fake.[\[73\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Independent31July2015a-73) ### Phantom cellphone theory \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Phantom cellphone theory")\] Some had speculated that the passengers were still alive but could not answer their cellphones—sometimes known as the "phantom cellphone theory". This was based on early reports that family members of Flight 370 passengers heard ringing (as opposed to a busy/off signal) while calling the passengers' phones, though this was after the disappearance.[\[74\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Pickell-74) However, this was later challenged by Jeff Kagan, a wireless analyst, who in an email to [NBC News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_News "NBC News") explained that the network may still produce "[ringbacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringback_tone "Ringback tone")" as it searches for a connection, even if the cellphone has been destroyed.[\[75\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-75) A number of theories suggest that the disappearance may have been the result of a fire in the cockpit, cargo compartment, landing gear, or another part of the plane. In an earlier incident involving a Boeing 777, on 29 July 2011, [EgyptAir Flight 667](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EgyptAir_Flight_667 "EgyptAir Flight 667") suffered an intense oxygen-fed cockpit fire while still on the ground which destroyed the flight controls, the instruments and burnt a hole through the hull of the aircraft. Despite the arrival of firefighters within three minutes, the fire took 90 minutes to extinguish.\[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")\] Malaysia Air's maintenance records for the 777 aircraft are required to include information on whether the FAA-mandated fix[\[76\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-76) to the wiring near the co-pilot's oxygen hose and replacement of the oxygen hose with one without metallic components was performed. While not conclusive proof, none of the washed-up wreckage exhibited any signs of fire damage. Debris from MH370 was discovered in February 2016 that seemed to indicate burn marks, but expert analysis by the NTSB showed it was just resin discoloring the wreckage.[\[77\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-77) Another suggestion is that the pilots had turned back and were attempting an emergency landing at the nearest suitable airport in [Northern Malaysia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Malaya "Northern Malaya"), perhaps [Penang International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penang_International_Airport "Penang International Airport") or [Langkawi International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langkawi_International_Airport "Langkawi International Airport") (Langkawi Island), a 13,000-foot-long (4.0 km) airstrip with an approach over water with no obstacles. The emergency may have been due to an incident similar to the 11 July 1991 accident involving a Douglas DC-8, [Nigeria Airways Flight 2120](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120 "Nigeria Airways Flight 2120"), where a tire caught fire on takeoff, and the ensuing conflagration led to the destruction of the aircraft with the loss of 261 lives.[\[78\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-Goodfellow2014-78) In another accident, involving a fire on a [McDonnell Douglas MD-11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11 "McDonnell Douglas MD-11") on 2 September 1998, [Swissair Flight 111](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111 "Swissair Flight 111") from New York to Geneva developed a cockpit fire in the electrical wiring that spread rapidly, leading to a loss of flight instruments and control. The aircraft crashed into the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 229 lives, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from shore, southwest of [Halifax International Airport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Stanfield_International_Airport "Halifax Stanfield International Airport"), Nova Scotia, where the plane was attempting an emergency landing. In the Swissair case, the transponders and communications systems failed due to fire and heat damage in the avionics circuit breaker panel. ## Shoot-down hypothesis \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Shoot-down hypothesis")\] American political commentator [Rush Limbaugh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh "Rush Limbaugh"), according to [CNN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN "CNN"), speculated that the aircraft may have been shot down.[\[79\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-79) Supporters of this theory have noted that [civilian aircraft have been shot down by military forces in the past](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airliner_shootdown_incidents "List of airliner shootdown incidents"), with [Iran Air Flight 655](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 "Iran Air Flight 655") by the United States in 1988 and [KAL 007](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Air_Lines_Flight_007 "Korean Air Lines Flight 007") by the [Soviet Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union "Soviet Union") in 1983 being two frequently cited examples.[\[50\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-abc-50) On 19 March 2014, [news agency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_agency "News agency") reporter Scott Mayerowitz of [Associated Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press "Associated Press") described "Accidental Shootdown" as one of seven "leading, plausible theories", but added that there was "no evidence that Flight 370 was brought down by a government entity".[\[80\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AP-Mayerowitz-Lowy01a-80) A Malaysian defense official, Ackbal bin Haji Abdul Samad, said it was "highly not possible" that his country's air force had shot down the plane.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) According to [The Financial Express](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Financial_Express_\(India\) "The Financial Express (India)"), the [Malaysian Air Force](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Air_Force "Malaysian Air Force") detected the plane on radar while it was in flight, but it took no action because it was believed to be a "friendly" aircraft.[\[81\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-FinExpress01a-81) In May 2014, author [Nigel Cawthorne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne "Nigel Cawthorne")'s book [Flight MH370: The Mystery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_MH370:_The_Mystery "Flight MH370: The Mystery") was published. Cawthorne alleged that after the jet was shot down during a U.S.–Thai [Joint Strike Fighter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter "Joint Strike Fighter") jet training exercise, searchers intentionally were sent astray as part of a sophisticated cover-up.[\[82\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-82) The book received considerable criticism, especially from [The Australian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Australian "The Australian"), where it was characterised thus: "Cawthorne undoes everybody's good work by retrieving every obsolete and discredited non-fact from the trash, slapping the whole lot between covers."[\[83\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-83) Relatives of those aboard Flight 370 criticised the book as "premature and insensitive".[\[84\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-84) In a CNN interview on 24 April 2014, the [Malaysian Prime Minister](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia "Prime Minister of Malaysia"), [Najib Razak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Razak "Najib Razak"), stated only that the radar "tracked an aircraft which did a turn back, but they were not exactly sure whether it was MH370. What they were sure of was that the aircraft was not deemed to be hostile."[\[85\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-85) On 22 December 2014, the former head of [Proteus Airlines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteus_Airlines "Proteus Airlines"), [Marc Dugain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Dugain "Marc Dugain"), claimed that the plane may have been shot down by U.S. military personnel out of fear of an attack on [Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Support_Facility_Diego_Garcia "Naval Support Facility Diego Garcia") similar to the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks "September 11 attacks").[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) The claims were described by the source article as "wild".[\[86\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-86) The hypothesis that a [cyberattack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberattack "Cyberattack") may have been carried out on Flight 370 has been raised, primarily based on statements made by Sally Leivesley, a former scientific advisor to the UK government.[\[87\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-87) Leivesley proposed that hackers may have changed the plane's speed, direction, and altitude using radio signals to the plane's [flight management system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_management_system "Flight management system").[\[88\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-88) Whether existing security on commercial flights is sufficient to prevent such an attack is also a matter of debate, although [Boeing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing "Boeing") has dismissed the possibility. A spokeswoman for the company, Gayla Keller, said that they were "confident in the robust protection of all flight\[-\]critical systems and inability for a hacker to gain access by either external or internal means on the 777 and all Boeing airplanes."[\[89\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-89) Supporters of this theory have cited an app created by Hugo Teso with which Teso was able to hack into pilot-training software. Teso presented his findings at a conference in April 2013. The [Federal Aviation Administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration "Federal Aviation Administration") and other major governmental bodies dismissed the significance of the app. They stated that the software on an actual plane would be different from the software on which Teso had tested his app.[\[90\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-90) ## Vertical entry into the sea \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=13 "Edit section: Vertical entry into the sea")\] [Texas A\&M University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University "Texas A&M University") mathematics professor [Goong Chen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goong_Chen "Goong Chen") has argued that the plane may have entered the sea vertically; any other angle of entry would have splintered the airplane into many pieces, which would have necessarily been found already.[\[91\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-91)[\[92\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-92) ## MH17 and QZ8501 connections \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=14 "Edit section: MH17 and QZ8501 connections")\] On 17 July 2014, [Malaysia Airlines Flight 17](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17 "Malaysia Airlines Flight 17") was shot down over Ukraine. Because it, like Flight 370, was also a Boeing 777, some conspiracy theorists have suggested that the plane that crashed in Ukraine was actually Flight 370. This is based in part on photographs of the crash scene, which conspiracy theorists claim show that the plane that crashed in Ukraine had structural similarities to MH370. Experts have dismissed this theory and argued that it is merely coincidental that both planes involved belonged to the same airline.[\[93\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-BBC_persistence_of_conspiracy_theories-93) When [Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia_AirAsia_Flight_8501 "Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501") crashed on 28 December 2014, various similarities with MH370 were noted, including that both airlines were Malaysian-owned,[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) and that both planes lost contact with [air traffic control](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_traffic_control "Air traffic control").[\[95\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-AU-8501-01a-95) There was also a reported conspiracy theory involving an alleged prediction on 15 December 2014 on Chinese news sites.[\[96\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-wenxuecity-96)[\[97\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-xinhuanet-97)[\[98\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-nanyang-98)[\[99\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-sina-99) A post warned Chinese people to stay away from AirAsia as it would be attacked, as MH370 and MH17 allegedly had been (according to the user), as part of a conspiracy by a "black hand" or "despicable international bully" to harm Malaysian-owned airlines.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) Other online posters suggested that the user was either a Chinese intelligence official or a hacker who had come across secret information.[\[94\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-HP-8501-01a-94) The theory that MH370 may have been consumed by a [black hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole "Black hole") received considerable attention when [Don Lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Lemon "Don Lemon") asked, on CNN, whether it was "preposterous" that it could have happened.[\[100\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-100) Lemon was criticised for this by former [U.S. Department of Transportation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation "United States Department of Transportation") Inspector General [Mary Schiavo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Schiavo "Mary Schiavo"), who, while appearing on CNN, said that "...a [small black hole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_hole "Primordial black hole") would suck in our entire universe so we know it's not that."[\[101\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-101) [TheWire.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic "The Atlantic") (which "wasn't satisfied" with Schiavo's answer) obtained detailed reasons why a black hole could not swallow a plane from [Columbia University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University "Columbia University") astronomy professor [David J. Helfand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Helfand "David Helfand") and [Peter Michelson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Michelson "Peter Michelson"), a professor of physics at [Stanford University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University "Stanford University").[\[102\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-TheWireDotCom01a-102) Another hypothesis is that a [meteor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteor "Meteor") might have struck the plane; however, the statistical probability for this is extremely low.[\[103\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-103) In March 2018, around the fourth anniversary of Flight 370's disappearance, an individual received strange voicemails and texts with coordinates of a location in Indonesia somewhat close to where Flight 370 vanished. The voicemails, coded in the [NATO Phonetic Alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet "NATO phonetic alphabet"), alluded to an [alien abduction](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_abduction "Alien abduction").[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) This generated significant media attention, as the man who received the texts and voicemails also claimed that someone had shown up and taken pictures of his house, although this was never conclusively verified.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) The calls were placed using a [VoIP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP "VoIP") service and were traced to two hotels in [Port Blair](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Blair "Port Blair"), though the identity of the caller remains uncertain.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) Investigators dismissed the phone calls as most likely being a prank or hoax.[\[104\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-breezejmu.org-104) ## Claims of responsibility \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories&action=edit&section=16 "Edit section: Claims of responsibility")\] On 9 March 2014, members of the Chinese news media received an open letter that claimed to be from the leader of the Chinese Martyrs Brigade, a previously unknown group. The letter claimed that the loss of Flight 370 was in retaliation for the Chinese government's response to the [knife attacks at Kunming railway station on 1 March 2014](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Kunming_attack "2014 Kunming attack") and part of the wider separatist campaign against Chinese control over [Xinjiang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang "Xinjiang") province. The letter also listed unspecified grievances against the Malaysian government. The letter's claim was dismissed as fraudulent based on its lack of detail regarding the fate of Flight 370 and the fact that the name "Chinese Martyrs Brigade" appeared inconsistent with [Uyghur separatist groups](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement "East Turkestan independence movement") which describe themselves as "East Turkestan" and "Islamic" rather than "Chinese".[\[105\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140309boxuncmb-105)[\[106\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_note-20140310ibtimescmb-106) \| \| \| \|---\|---\| \| [9/11 conspiracy theories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_conspiracy_theories "9/11 conspiracy theories") [MH370: The Plane That Disappeared](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MH370:_The_Plane_That_Disappeared "MH370: The Plane That Disappeared"): Netflix 2023 docuseries released on ninth anniversary of the disappearance [List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_commercial_aircraft "List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft") [List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_accidents_and_incidents_resulting_in_at_least_50_fatalities "List of aircraft accidents and incidents resulting in at least 50 fatalities") \| Specific incidents [SilkAir Flight 185](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SilkAir_Flight_185 "SilkAir Flight 185"), another disputed crash involving [pilot suicide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_suicide "Pilot suicide") [Germanwings Flight 9525](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanwings_Flight_9525 "Germanwings Flight 9525") [Japan Airlines Flight 350](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Airlines_Flight_350 "Japan Airlines Flight 350") [LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAM_Mozambique_Airlines_Flight_470 "LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470") [Royal Air Maroc Flight 630](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Maroc_Flight_630 "Royal Air Maroc Flight 630") [2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Horizon_Air_Q400_incident "2018 Horizon Air Q400 incident") \| 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-1) ["The Search for MH370"](http://gis.usc.edu/msp-resources/infographics/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370/). University of Southern California. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170715194849/http://gis.usc.edu/msp-resources/infographics/the-search-for-malaysia-airlines-flight-mh370/) from the original on 15 July 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2015. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-UnsuccessfulSearch_2-0) ["Missing Malaysia Airline plane wreckage not in identified area"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122421/http://www.malaysiasun.com/index.php/sid/222436235/scat/48cba686fe041718/ht/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area). Malaysia Sun. Archived from [the original](http://www.malaysiasun.com/index.php/sid/222436235/scat/48cba686fe041718/ht/Missing-Malaysia-Airline-plane-wreckage-not-in-identified-area) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014. 3. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-ATSB_Final_Report_AE-2014-054_3-1) ["ATSB Transport Safety Report, External Aviation Investigation, AE-2014-054: The Operational Search for MH370"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200310104643/https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5773565/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (PDF). [Australian Transport Safety Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Transport_Safety_Bureau "Australian Transport Safety Bureau"). 3 October 2017. p. 106. Archived from [the original](https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/5773565/operational-search-for-mh370_final_3oct2017.pdf) (Final report) on 10 March 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2017. 4. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-francetvinfo_3_Sept_2015_4-1) ["Le débris d'avion retrouvé fin juillet à La Réunion appartient "avec certitude" au vol MH370, annonce le parquet de Paris"](http://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/55e/862/7a6/674/763/493/562/000.html) (in French). Francetvinfo. 3 September 2015. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200111100458/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/live/message/55e/862/7a6/674/763/493/562/000.html) from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020. 5. ^ [a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-bbc2_5-1) ["MH370 search: Mozambique debris 'almost certainly' from missing plane"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35888405). BBC News. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013548/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35888405) from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 11 January 2020. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-6)* ["Grief, anger and more questions after Malaysia declares Flight 370 crashed"](http://www.cbsnews.com/news/malaysia-airlines-flight-370-flight-ended-in-southern-indian-ocean-prime-minister-says/). [CBS News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News "CBS News"). Associated Press. 24 March 2014. 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-wenxuecity_96-0) ["大陆论坛惊现预言帖两周前警告远离亚航(图) (Astonishing prediction revealed on Mainland Chinese forum that warned people to avoid AirAsia two weeks prior)"](http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2014/12/28/3904836.html). 文学城新闻频道 ([Wenxuecity](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenxuecity "Wenxuecity") News Channel). 28 December 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150201000958/http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2014/12/28/3904836.html) from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "根据微博爆料，网名〝老百姓有自己的乐〞的网友于本月15日晚上8点15分在天涯社会发帖，帖子题目为《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》 ... (According to news from [Weibo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Weibo "Sina Weibo"), a netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' published a post on [Tianya Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianya_Club "Tianya Club") at 8.15pm on the 15th of that month \[December\], entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia'...)" 97. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-xinhuanet_97-0) [""神帖"言中亚航失联专家表示纯属偶然 ("Legendary" post correctly predicted AirAsia loss of contact: purely coincidental, say experts)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131171451/http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-01/01/c_127351593.htm). [Xinhuanet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhuanet "Xinhuanet"). 1 January 2015. Archived from [the original](http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2015-01/01/c_127351593.htm) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "发帖者"老百姓有自己的乐"劝所有乘客"远离亚航"。 (The poster 'the common people have their own pleasures' advised all passengers to 'avoid AirAsia'.)" 98. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-nanyang_98-0) ["是预言还是窜改日期"马后炮"？中国网民曾告诫：远离亚航 (A prophecy or a post after the fact with an altered date? Chinese netizen once warned: Avoid AirAsia)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131172017/http://www.nanyang.com/node/671820?tid=1039). 南洋网 (Nanyang Web). 南洋商报 (Nanyang Financial Times). 30 December 2014. Archived from [the original](http://www.nanyang.com/node/671820?tid=1039) on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "中国媒体报道，网名"老百姓有自己的乐"的天涯社区网友，在留言中说："国际大黑手把马航MH370和马航MH17劫持和击落后，作为世界第六航空公司的马航基本垮了，处于要死不活的状态。(The Chinese media reported that a member of [Tianya Club](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianya_Club "Tianya Club") named 'the common people have their own pleasures' left a message reading 'After the international black hand hijacked MH370 and shot down MH17, Malaysia Airlines, formerly the sixth-largest airline, has basically collapsed and is barely alive.)" 99. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-sina_99-0) ["亚航客机出事网曝网友早有神级预测 (AirAsia crash: online revelations that netizen made legendary prediction long before)"](http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-12-30/141531344770.shtml). [Sina.com](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sina_Corp "Sina Corp"). 新浪新闻 (Sina News). 30 December 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150131171709/http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-12-30/141531344770.shtml) from the original on 31 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015. "一位网名为"老百姓有自己的乐"的网友在国内某著名论坛上发帖《马航被搞垮后，黑手又伸向了亚航》。(A netizen named 'the common people have their own pleasures' made a post on a certain well-known domestic forum entitled 'After Malaysia Airlines has been ruined, the black hand reaches for AirAsia.)" 100. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-100) Stableford, Dylan (20 March 2014). ["CNN anchorman asks: Could a 'black hole' explain MH370 mystery?"](https://news.yahoo.com/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html). [Yahoo News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo_News "Yahoo News"). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140323102813/http://news.yahoo.com/cnn-black-hole-malaysia-flight-370-theories-144151381.html) from the original on 23 March 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2014. 101. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-101) Graef, Aileen (20 March 2014). 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[^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140309boxuncmb_105-0)* [""中国烈士旅领导人"发信称对马航客机失事负责"](http://boxun.com/news/gb/intl/2014/03/201403091656.shtml). 9 March 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140506101131/http://boxun.com/news/gb/intl/2014/03/201403091656.shtml) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014. 106. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370_disappearance_theories#cite_ref-20140310ibtimescmb_106-0) ["Obscure Group From Northwestern China, Chinese Martyrs' Brigade, Claims Responsibility For Missing Malaysia Airline Flight MH370; Authorities Skeptical of Claim"](http://www.ibtimes.com/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia). [International Business Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times "International Business Times"). 10 March 2014. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140506103500/http://www.ibtimes.com/obscure-group-northwestern-china-chinese-martyrs-brigade-claims-responsibility-missing-malaysia) from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014. - [Cawthorne, Nigel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Cawthorne "Nigel Cawthorne") (2014). [Flight MH370 – The Mystery](https://books.google.com/books?id=A_iVAwAAQBAJ&q=flight+mh370+the+mystery). John Blake Publishing. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-1784181130](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1784181130 "Special:BookSources/978-1784181130") . - de Changy, Florence (2021). The Disappearing Act: The Impossible Case of MH370. London: HarperCollins. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [9780008381530](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780008381530 "Special:BookSources/9780008381530") . - [Dunning, Brian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_\(author\) "Brian Dunning (author)") (31 October 2017). ["Skeptoid \#595: Chasing Malaysian Airlines MH370"](https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4595). [Skeptoid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Dunning_\(author\)#Skeptoid_podcasts "Brian Dunning (author)").
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