🕷️ Crawler Inspector

URL Lookup

Direct Parameter Lookup

Raw Queries and Responses

1. Shard Calculation

Query:

Response:

Calculated Shard: 152 (from laksa182)

2. Crawled Status Check

Query:

curl -X POST \
  'http://laksa152.int.ahrefs:8124/' \
  -H 'Content-Type: text/plain' \
  -H 'X-ClickHouse-Database: crawler3' \
  -H 'Authorization: Basic YXBpOg==' \
  -d 'SELECT getAhrefsURLFromUnparsed(src_unparsed) AS found_url, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(download_stamp), 0) AS crawl_time, ifNull(toUnixTimestamp(props_url_first_seen), 0) AS first_indexed_time, download_http_code AS http_code, src_unparsed AS src_unparsed, src_root_hash AS src_root_hash, history_drop_reason AS history_drop_reason, meta_title AS meta_title, meta_descriptions AS meta_descriptions, attrs_boilerpipe_text AS attrs_boilerpipe_text, attrs_markdown AS attrs_markdown, attrs_readable_markdown AS attrs_readable_markdown, meta_canonical AS meta_canonical FROM crawler3.page_info_local FINAL PREWHERE (src_root_hash, src_unparsed) IN ((getAhrefsRootHashFromUnparsed(getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law\')), getAhrefsUnparsedNoserviceFromURL(\'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law\'))) FORMAT JSONEachRow'

Response:

{"found_url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law","crawl_time":1773243785,"first_indexed_time":1376078127,"http_code":200,"src_unparsed":"org,wikipedia!en,\/wiki\/Lemon_law s443","src_root_hash":"17790707453426894952","history_drop_reason":null,"meta_title":"Lemon law - Wikipedia","meta_descriptions":[],"attrs_boilerpipe_text":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\nLemon laws\nare laws that provide a\nremedy\nfor purchasers of\ncars\nand other\nconsumer goods\nin order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of\nquality\nand performance. Although many types of products can be\ndefective\n, the term \"\nlemon\n\" is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as\ncars\n,\ntrucks\n, and\nmotorcycles\n.\nLemon law protection arises under state law, with every\nU.S. state\nand the\nDistrict of Columbia\nhaving its own lemon law.\n[\n1\n]\nAlthough the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time.\n[\n2\n]\nLemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does.\nLemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period.\nSome state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight.\nCalifornia extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state.\n[\n3\n]\n[\n4\n]\nA small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles.  New York State is one state with a used car lemon law.\n[\n5\n]\nSome states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases.\n[\n6\n]\nCalifornia has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances.\n[\n7\n]\n[\n8\n]\nThere are two types of warranties for product purchases,\nexpress warranties\nand\nimplied warranties\n. Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in\nowner's manuals\nand other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product.\nThe\nMagnuson-Moss Warranty Act\nwas enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase.\n[\n9\n]\nThe Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's\nattorney\nin a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.\n[\n10\n]\nThe existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the\nUniform Commercial Code\n. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased \"as is\" or \"with all faults\", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty.\n[\n10\n]\nAustralian car purchases are protected under\nAustralian Consumer Law\n(ACL). A recent\n[\nwhen?\n]\nclarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when \"it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them\". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time.\n[\n11\n]\nConsumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles.\n[\n12\n]\nThe\nQueensland Parliament\nconducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles.\n[\n13\n]\n[\n14\n]\nA report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015.\n[\n15\n]\nThe\nCanadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan\n(CAMVAP) is the\ndispute resolution\nprogram for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty.\n[\n16\n]\nCAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years.\nCAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required.\nCAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as\ntowing\n, diagnostic testing,\nrental cars\nand accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability.\nCAMVAP is available in all Canadian\nprovinces\nand\nterritories\n.\nIn the EU, Directive (UE) 2019\/771\nRules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers\napplies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017\/2394, Directive 2009\/22\/CE and Directive 1999\/44\/CE.\nIn France, the\nGarantie des vices cachés en droit français\nprotects the buyer against\nLatent defect\n, in relation with the\nUnited Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods\n.\nA similar \"Lemon Law\" was passed in\nSingapore\n's\nparliament\non September 1, 2012, to strengthen\nconsumer protection\nlaws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services.\n[\n17\n]\nUnder the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund.\nIn the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014.\n[\n18\n]\nThe Lemon Law covers only new vehicles.\n[\n18\n]\nThe\nSupreme Court\nreleased a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 (\nDepartment of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp.\n), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the \"Philippine Lemon Law\" or Republic Act No. 7349, \"Consumer Act\".\n[\n19\n]\n^\n\"BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws\"\n.\nBBB\n. Better Business Bureau\n. Retrieved\n2024-11-22\n.\n^\n\"State Lemon Law Criteria\"\n.\nThe Center for Auto Safety\n. 21 January 2003\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\nZimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21).\n\"Bill extends lemon law to military\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. Retrieved\n2023-06-01\n.\n^\n\"California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8\"\n.\nFindlaw\n. Retrieved\n2023-06-01\n.\n^\n\"New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet\"\n. Retrieved\n4 February\n2020\n.\n^\n\"What you need to know about warranty laws\"\n.\nConsumer Reports\n. May 2013\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\nCalifornia Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8.\n^\n\"California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics\"\n.\nLos Angeles Times\n. 2015-12-11\n. Retrieved\n2023-06-14\n.\n^\n\"John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records\"\n.\nCenter for Public Policy & Social Research\n. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from\nthe original\non 3 March 2016\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law\"\n.\nFederal Trade Commission\n. 12 May 2015\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Repair, replace, refund\"\n.\nAustralian Competition and Consumer Commission\n. 2012-11-05\n. Retrieved\n2021-02-18\n.\n^\n\"Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon\"\n.\nYahoo! News\n. Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"\n'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles\"\n.\nQueensland Parliament\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"Public Hearing - \"Lemon Laws Inquiry\" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"\n.\nYouTube\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n[\ndead YouTube link\n]\n^\n\"Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"\n(PDF)\n.\nQueensland Parliament\n. Nov 2015\n. Retrieved\n31 May\n2017\n.\n^\n\"About CAMVAP - CAMVAP\"\n. Archived from\nthe original\non 2019-02-02\n. Retrieved\n2019-02-01\n.\n^\n\"CASE - Consumer Guides | CPFTA & Lemon Law\"\n.\nwww.case.org.sg\n. Retrieved\n2019-02-01\n.\n^\na\nb\n\"\n'I bought a lemon'\n\"\n.\nManila Standard\n. Retrieved\n2021-10-22\n.\n^\n\"SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles\"\n.\nSupreme Court of the Philippines\n. September 25, 2024\n. Retrieved\nSeptember 29,\n2024\n.\n\"\nThe Market for Lemons\n\", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof\nInterview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first \"Lemon Law\" enacted in the United States.\nDeprecated link\narchived 2012-12-12 at\narchive.today\nInterview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation.\nDeprecated link\narchived 2012-12-12 at\narchive.today\nInternational Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA)\n- find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement.\nRecalls & Defects\n- Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA","attrs_markdown":"[Jump to content](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#bodyContent)\n\nMain menu\n\nMain menu\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nNavigation\n\n- [Main page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page \"Visit the main page [z]\")\n- [Contents](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contents \"Guides to browsing Wikipedia\")\n- [Current events](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portal:Current_events \"Articles related to current events\")\n- [Random article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Random \"Visit a randomly selected article [x]\")\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About \"Learn about Wikipedia and how it works\")\n- [Contact us](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us \"How to contact Wikipedia\")\n\nContribute\n\n- [Help](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Contents \"Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Learn to edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Introduction \"Learn how to edit Wikipedia\")\n- [Community portal](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Community_portal \"The hub for editors\")\n- [Recent changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChanges \"A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard \"Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia\")\n- [Special pages](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:SpecialPages \"A list of all special pages [q]\")\n\n[![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/icons\/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/mobile\/copyright\/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page)\n\n[Search](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:Search \"Search Wikipedia [f]\")\n\nAppearance\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lemon+law \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lemon+law \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\nPersonal tools\n\n- [Donate](https:\/\/donate.wikimedia.org\/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en)\n- [Create account](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lemon+law \"You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory\")\n- [Log in](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lemon+law \"You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]\")\n\n## Contents\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\n- [(Top)](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law)\n- [1 United States](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#United_States)\n  Toggle United States subsection\n  - [1\\.1 Federal law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#Federal_law)\n- [2 Australia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#Australia)\n- [3 Canada](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#Canada)\n- [4 European Union](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#European_Union)\n- [5 France](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#France)\n- [6 Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#Singapore)\n- [7 Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#Philippines)\n- [8 References](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#References)\n- [9 External links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#External_links)\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\n# Lemon law\n6 languages\n\n- [Deutsch](https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_Laws \"Lemon Laws – German\")\n- [Français](https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law \"Lemon law – French\")\n- [Հայերեն](https:\/\/hy.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84 \"Կիտրոնի օրենք – Armenian\")\n- [한국어](https:\/\/ko.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%EB%A0%88%EB%AA%AC_%EB%B2%95 \"레몬 법 – Korean\")\n- [Simple English](https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law \"Lemon law – Simple English\")\n- [中文](https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E6%B3%95 \"檸檬法 – Chinese\")\n\n[Edit links](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q452360#sitelinks-wikipedia \"Edit interlanguage links\")\n\n- [Article](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law \"View the content page [c]\")\n- [Talk](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Talk:Lemon_law \"Discuss improvements to the content page [t]\")\n\nEnglish\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=history \"Past revisions of this page [h]\")\n\nTools\n\nTools\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nActions\n\n- [Read](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law)\n- [Edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit \"Edit this page [e]\")\n- [View history](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=history)\n\nGeneral\n\n- [What links here](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:WhatLinksHere\/Lemon_law \"List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]\")\n- [Related changes](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:RecentChangesLinked\/Lemon_law \"Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]\")\n- [Upload file](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard \"Upload files [u]\")\n- [Permanent link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&oldid=1336027598 \"Permanent link to this revision of this page\")\n- [Page information](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=info \"More information about this page\")\n- [Cite this page](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lemon_law&id=1336027598&wpFormIdentifier=titleform \"Information on how to cite this page\")\n- [Get shortened URL](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLemon_law)\n\nPrint\/export\n\n- [Download as PDF](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lemon_law&action=show-download-screen \"Download this page as a PDF file\")\n- [Printable version](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&printable=yes \"Printable version of this page [p]\")\n\nIn other projects\n\n- [Wikidata item](https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Special:EntityPage\/Q452360 \"Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]\")\n\nAppearance\n\nmove to sidebar\n\nhide\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\nConsumer protection laws\n\n**Lemon laws** are laws that provide a [remedy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remedy_\\(law\\) \"Remedy (law)\") for purchasers of [cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States \"Automotive industry in the United States\") and other [consumer goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Final_good \"Final good\") in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of [quality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_assurance \"Quality assurance\") and performance. Although many types of products can be [defective](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Product_defect \"Product defect\"), the term \"[lemon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_\\(automobile\\) \"Lemon (automobile)\")\" is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as [cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobiles \"Automobiles\"), [trucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truck \"Truck\"), and [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycles \"Motorcycles\").\n\n## United States\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=1 \"Edit section: United States\")\\]\n\nLemon law protection arises under state law, with every [U.S. state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state \"U.S. state\") and the [District of Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/District_of_Columbia \"District of Columbia\") having its own lemon law.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-1) Although the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-2) Lemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does.\n\nLemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period.\n\nSome state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight.\n\nCalifornia extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-4)\n\nA small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles. New York State is one state with a used car lemon law.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-5) Some states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-6) California has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-8)\n\n### Federal law\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=2 \"Edit section: Federal law\")\\]\n\nThere are two types of warranties for product purchases, [express warranties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Express_warranty \"Express warranty\") and [implied warranties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Implied_warranty \"Implied warranty\"). Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in [owner's manuals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Owner%27s_manual \"Owner's manual\") and other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product.\n\nThe [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnuson%E2%80%93Moss_Warranty_Act \"Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act\") was enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-9) The Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's [attorney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawyer \"Lawyer\") in a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10)\n\nThe existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the [Uniform Commercial Code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniform_Commercial_Code \"Uniform Commercial Code\"). The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased \"as is\" or \"with all faults\", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10)\n\n## Australia\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=3 \"Edit section: Australia\")\\]\n\nAustralian car purchases are protected under [Australian Consumer Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Consumer_Law \"Australian Consumer Law\") (ACL). A recent\\[*[when?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\] clarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when \"it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them\". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-11)\n\nConsumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-12) The [Queensland Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Queensland \"Parliament of Queensland\") conducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-14) A report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-15)\n\n## Canada\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=4 \"Edit section: Canada\")\\]\n\nThe [Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Motor_Vehicle_Arbitration_Plan \"Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan\") (CAMVAP) is the [dispute resolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dispute_resolution \"Dispute resolution\") program for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-16) CAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years.\n\nCAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required.\n\nCAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as [towing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Towing \"Towing\"), diagnostic testing, [rental cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rental_car \"Rental car\") and accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability.\n\nCAMVAP is available in all Canadian [provinces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_province \"Canadian province\") and [territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territory_\\(Canada\\) \"Territory (Canada)\").\n\n## European Union\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=5 \"Edit section: European Union\")\\]\n\nIn the EU, Directive (UE) 2019\/771 *Rules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers* applies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017\/2394, Directive 2009\/22\/CE and Directive 1999\/44\/CE.\n\n## France\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=6 \"Edit section: France\")\\]\n\nIn France, the *Garantie des vices cachés en droit français* protects the buyer against [Latent defect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latent_defect \"Latent defect\"), in relation with the [United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods \"United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods\").\n\n## Singapore\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=7 \"Edit section: Singapore\")\\]\n\nA similar \"Lemon Law\" was passed in [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\")'s [parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Parliament \"Singapore Parliament\") on September 1, 2012, to strengthen [consumer protection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consumer_protection \"Consumer protection\") laws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-17)\n\nUnder the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund.\n\n## Philippines\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=8 \"Edit section: Philippines\")\\]\n\nIn the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The Lemon Law covers only new vehicles.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18)\n\nThe [Supreme Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\") released a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 (*Department of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp.*), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the \"Philippine Lemon Law\" or Republic Act No. 7349, \"Consumer Act\".[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-19)\n\n## References\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=9 \"Edit section: References\")\\]\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws\"](https:\/\/bbbprograms.org\/programs\/all-programs\/bbb-autoline\/lemon-laws-by-state). *BBB*. Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 2024-11-22.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"State Lemon Law Criteria\"](http:\/\/www.autosafety.org\/state-lemon-law-criteria\/). *The Center for Auto Safety*. 21 January 2003. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-3)**\n   Zimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21). [\"Bill extends lemon law to military\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-2007-jul-21-fi-garagebrfs21-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2023-06-01.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8\"](https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/civil-code\/civ-sect-1795-8\/). *Findlaw*. Retrieved 2023-06-01.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet\"](https:\/\/ag.ny.gov\/consumer-frauds\/used-car-lemon-law-fact-sheet). Retrieved 4 February 2020.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"What you need to know about warranty laws\"](http:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/cro\/magazine\/2013\/05\/the-word-on-warranty-protection\/index.htm). *Consumer Reports*. May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-7)** California Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-lazarus-20151211-column.html). *Los Angeles Times*. 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2023-06-14.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303213334\/http:\/\/www.library.ccsu.edu\/help\/spcoll\/lemonlaw\/index.html). *Center for Public Policy & Social Research*. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.library.ccsu.edu\/help\/spcoll\/lemonlaw\/index.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-1)\n    [\"Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law\"](https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/tips-advice\/business-center\/guidance\/businesspersons-guide-federal-warranty-law). *Federal Trade Commission*. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Repair, replace, refund\"](https:\/\/www.accc.gov.au\/consumers\/consumer-rights-guarantees\/repair-replace-refund). *Australian Competition and Consumer Commission*. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-18.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-12)**\n    [\"Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon\"](https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/s\/angry-jeep-owner-creates-hilarious-video-rant-lemon-200051523.html). *Yahoo! News*. Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles\"](https:\/\/www.parliament.qld.gov.au\/work-of-committees\/committees\/LACSC\/inquiries\/past-inquiries\/04-Lemons). *Queensland Parliament*. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"Public Hearing - \"Lemon Laws Inquiry\" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h1EsSOVFJtc). *YouTube*. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n    \n    \\[*[dead YouTube link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"](https:\/\/www.parliament.qld.gov.au\/documents\/committees\/LACSC\/2015\/04-Lemons\/04-rpt-017-30Nov2015.pdf) (PDF). *Queensland Parliament*. Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"About CAMVAP - CAMVAP\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190202042444\/https:\/\/www.camvap.ca\/about\/). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.camvap.ca\/about\/) on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"CASE - Consumer Guides \\| CPFTA & Lemon Law\"](https:\/\/www.case.org.sg\/consumer_guides_cpfta.aspx). *www.case.org.sg*. Retrieved 2019-02-01.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-1)\n    [\"'I bought a lemon'\"](https:\/\/manilastandard.net\/mobile\/article\/336272). *Manila Standard*. Retrieved 2021-10-22.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles\"](https:\/\/sc.judiciary.gov.ph\/sc-lemon-law-not-exclusive-remedy-for-defective-brand-new-vehicles\/). *[Supreme Court of the Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\")*. September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024.\n\n## External links\n\\[[edit](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=10 \"Edit section: External links\")\\]\n\n- \"[The Market for Lemons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Market_for_Lemons \"The Market for Lemons\")\", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof\n- [Interview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first \"Lemon Law\" enacted in the United States.](http:\/\/content.library.ccsu.edu\/u?\/oralhist,50) [Deprecated link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance \"Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance\") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archive.today \"Archive.today\")\n- [Interview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation.](http:\/\/content.library.ccsu.edu\/u?\/oralhist,65) [Deprecated link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance \"Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance\") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archive.today \"Archive.today\")\n- [International Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA)](http:\/\/www.ialla.net\/)\\- find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement.\n- [Recalls & Defects](https:\/\/one.nhtsa.gov\/Vehicle-Safety\/Recalls-&-Defects) - Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA\n\n![](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:CentralAutoLogin\/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1)\n\nRetrieved from \"<https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&oldid=1336027598>\"\n\n[Categories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Help:Category \"Help:Category\"):\n\n- [Traffic law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Traffic_law \"Category:Traffic law\")\n- [United States transportation law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:United_States_transportation_law \"Category:United States transportation law\")\n- [Consumer protection law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Consumer_protection_law \"Category:Consumer protection law\")\n- [Product return](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Product_return \"Category:Product return\")\n\nHidden categories:\n\n- [All articles with dead YouTube links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_dead_YouTube_links \"Category:All articles with dead YouTube links\")\n- [Articles with dead YouTube links from February 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_dead_YouTube_links_from_February_2022 \"Category:Articles with dead YouTube links from February 2022\")\n- [Articles with short description](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Articles_with_short_description \"Category:Articles with short description\")\n- [Short description is different from Wikidata](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata \"Category:Short description is different from Wikidata\")\n- [All articles with vague or ambiguous time](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time \"Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time\")\n- [Vague or ambiguous time from February 2022](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_February_2022 \"Category:Vague or ambiguous time from February 2022\")\n- [Webarchive template archiveis links](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links \"Category:Webarchive template archiveis links\")\n\n- This page was last edited on 1 February 2026, at 14:53 (UTC).\n- Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License \"Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License\"); additional terms may apply. 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Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the [Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.](https:\/\/wikimediafoundation.org\/), a non-profit organization.\n\n- [Privacy policy](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Privacy_policy)\n- [About Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:About)\n- [Disclaimers](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer)\n- [Contact Wikipedia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Contact_us)\n- [Legal & safety contacts](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Legal:Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contact_Information)\n- [Code of Conduct](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct)\n- [Developers](https:\/\/developer.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [Statistics](https:\/\/stats.wikimedia.org\/#\/en.wikipedia.org)\n- [Cookie statement](https:\/\/foundation.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Special:MyLanguage\/Policy:Cookie_statement)\n- [Mobile view](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lemon_law&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile)\n\n- [![Wikimedia Foundation](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/static\/images\/footer\/wikimedia.svg)](https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/)\n- [![Powered by MediaWiki](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/resources\/assets\/mediawiki_compact.svg)](https:\/\/www.mediawiki.org\/)\n\nSearch\n\nToggle the table of contents\n\nLemon law\n\n6 languages\n\n[Add topic](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law)","attrs_readable_markdown":"From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n**Lemon laws** are laws that provide a [remedy](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Remedy_\\(law\\) \"Remedy (law)\") for purchasers of [cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States \"Automotive industry in the United States\") and other [consumer goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Final_good \"Final good\") in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of [quality](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Quality_assurance \"Quality assurance\") and performance. Although many types of products can be [defective](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Product_defect \"Product defect\"), the term \"[lemon](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_\\(automobile\\) \"Lemon (automobile)\")\" is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as [cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Automobiles \"Automobiles\"), [trucks](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Truck \"Truck\"), and [motorcycles](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Motorcycles \"Motorcycles\").\n\nLemon law protection arises under state law, with every [U.S. state](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/U.S._state \"U.S. state\") and the [District of Columbia](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/District_of_Columbia \"District of Columbia\") having its own lemon law.[\\[1\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-1) Although the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\\[2\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-2) Lemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does.\n\nLemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period.\n\nSome state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight.\n\nCalifornia extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state.[\\[3\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-3)[\\[4\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-4)\n\nA small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles. New York State is one state with a used car lemon law.[\\[5\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-5) Some states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases.[\\[6\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-6) California has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances.[\\[7\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-7)[\\[8\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-8)\n\nThere are two types of warranties for product purchases, [express warranties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Express_warranty \"Express warranty\") and [implied warranties](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Implied_warranty \"Implied warranty\"). Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in [owner's manuals](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Owner%27s_manual \"Owner's manual\") and other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product.\n\nThe [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnuson%E2%80%93Moss_Warranty_Act \"Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act\") was enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase.[\\[9\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-9) The Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's [attorney](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lawyer \"Lawyer\") in a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10)\n\nThe existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the [Uniform Commercial Code](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniform_Commercial_Code \"Uniform Commercial Code\"). The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased \"as is\" or \"with all faults\", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty.[\\[10\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10)\n\nAustralian car purchases are protected under [Australian Consumer Law](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Australian_Consumer_Law \"Australian Consumer Law\") (ACL). A recent\\[*[when?](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style\/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items \"Wikipedia:Manual of Style\/Dates and numbers\")*\\] clarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when \"it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them\". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\\[11\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-11)\n\nConsumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles.[\\[12\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-12) The [Queensland Parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parliament_of_Queensland \"Parliament of Queensland\") conducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles.[\\[13\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-13)[\\[14\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-14) A report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015.[\\[15\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-15)\n\nThe [Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_Motor_Vehicle_Arbitration_Plan \"Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan\") (CAMVAP) is the [dispute resolution](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dispute_resolution \"Dispute resolution\") program for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty.[\\[16\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-16) CAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years.\n\nCAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required.\n\nCAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as [towing](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Towing \"Towing\"), diagnostic testing, [rental cars](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rental_car \"Rental car\") and accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability.\n\nCAMVAP is available in all Canadian [provinces](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canadian_province \"Canadian province\") and [territories](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Territory_\\(Canada\\) \"Territory (Canada)\").\n\nIn the EU, Directive (UE) 2019\/771 *Rules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers* applies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017\/2394, Directive 2009\/22\/CE and Directive 1999\/44\/CE.\n\nIn France, the *Garantie des vices cachés en droit français* protects the buyer against [Latent defect](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latent_defect \"Latent defect\"), in relation with the [United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods \"United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods\").\n\nA similar \"Lemon Law\" was passed in [Singapore](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore \"Singapore\")'s [parliament](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singapore_Parliament \"Singapore Parliament\") on September 1, 2012, to strengthen [consumer protection](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consumer_protection \"Consumer protection\") laws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services.[\\[17\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-17)\n\nUnder the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund.\n\nIn the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The Lemon Law covers only new vehicles.[\\[18\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18)\n\nThe [Supreme Court](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\") released a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 (*Department of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp.*), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the \"Philippine Lemon Law\" or Republic Act No. 7349, \"Consumer Act\".[\\[19\\]](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_note-19)\n\n1. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-1)**\n   [\"BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws\"](https:\/\/bbbprograms.org\/programs\/all-programs\/bbb-autoline\/lemon-laws-by-state). *BBB*. Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 2024-11-22.\n2. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-2)**\n   [\"State Lemon Law Criteria\"](http:\/\/www.autosafety.org\/state-lemon-law-criteria\/). *The Center for Auto Safety*. 21 January 2003. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n3. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-3)**\n   Zimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21). [\"Bill extends lemon law to military\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/archives\/la-xpm-2007-jul-21-fi-garagebrfs21-story.html). *Los Angeles Times*. Retrieved 2023-06-01.\n4. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-4)**\n   [\"California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8\"](https:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ca\/civil-code\/civ-sect-1795-8\/). *Findlaw*. Retrieved 2023-06-01.\n5. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-5)**\n   [\"New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet\"](https:\/\/ag.ny.gov\/consumer-frauds\/used-car-lemon-law-fact-sheet). Retrieved 4 February 2020.\n6. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-6)**\n   [\"What you need to know about warranty laws\"](http:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/cro\/magazine\/2013\/05\/the-word-on-warranty-protection\/index.htm). *Consumer Reports*. May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n7. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-7)** California Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8.\n8. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-8)**\n   [\"California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics\"](https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/business\/la-fi-lazarus-20151211-column.html). *Los Angeles Times*. 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2023-06-14.\n9. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-9)**\n   [\"John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160303213334\/http:\/\/www.library.ccsu.edu\/help\/spcoll\/lemonlaw\/index.html). *Center for Public Policy & Social Research*. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from [the original](http:\/\/www.library.ccsu.edu\/help\/spcoll\/lemonlaw\/index.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n10. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-1)\n    [\"Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law\"](https:\/\/www.ftc.gov\/tips-advice\/business-center\/guidance\/businesspersons-guide-federal-warranty-law). *Federal Trade Commission*. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n11. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-11)**\n    [\"Repair, replace, refund\"](https:\/\/www.accc.gov.au\/consumers\/consumer-rights-guarantees\/repair-replace-refund). *Australian Competition and Consumer Commission*. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-18.\n12. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-12)**\n    [\"Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon\"](https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/s\/angry-jeep-owner-creates-hilarious-video-rant-lemon-200051523.html). *Yahoo! News*. Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n13. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-13)**\n    [\"'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles\"](https:\/\/www.parliament.qld.gov.au\/work-of-committees\/committees\/LACSC\/inquiries\/past-inquiries\/04-Lemons). *Queensland Parliament*. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n14. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-14)**\n    [\"Public Hearing - \"Lemon Laws Inquiry\" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"](https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=h1EsSOVFJtc). *YouTube*. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n    \n    \\[*[dead YouTube link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Link_rot \"Wikipedia:Link rot\")*\\]\n15. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-15)**\n    [\"Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee\"](https:\/\/www.parliament.qld.gov.au\/documents\/committees\/LACSC\/2015\/04-Lemons\/04-rpt-017-30Nov2015.pdf) (PDF). *Queensland Parliament*. Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017.\n16. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-16)**\n    [\"About CAMVAP - CAMVAP\"](https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190202042444\/https:\/\/www.camvap.ca\/about\/). Archived from [the original](https:\/\/www.camvap.ca\/about\/) on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01.\n17. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-17)**\n    [\"CASE - Consumer Guides \\| CPFTA & Lemon Law\"](https:\/\/www.case.org.sg\/consumer_guides_cpfta.aspx). *www.case.org.sg*. Retrieved 2019-02-01.\n18. ^ [***a***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-0) [***b***](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-1)\n    [\"'I bought a lemon'\"](https:\/\/manilastandard.net\/mobile\/article\/336272). *Manila Standard*. Retrieved 2021-10-22.\n19. **[^](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lemon_law#cite_ref-19)**\n    [\"SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles\"](https:\/\/sc.judiciary.gov.ph\/sc-lemon-law-not-exclusive-remedy-for-defective-brand-new-vehicles\/). *[Supreme Court of the Philippines](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines \"Supreme Court of the Philippines\")*. September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024.\n\n- \"[The Market for Lemons](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Market_for_Lemons \"The Market for Lemons\")\", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof\n- [Interview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first \"Lemon Law\" enacted in the United States.](http:\/\/content.library.ccsu.edu\/u?\/oralhist,50) [Deprecated link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance \"Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance\") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archive.today \"Archive.today\")\n- [Interview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation.](http:\/\/content.library.ccsu.edu\/u?\/oralhist,65) [Deprecated link](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance \"Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance\") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Archive.today \"Archive.today\")\n- [International Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA)](http:\/\/www.ialla.net\/)\\- find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement.\n- [Recalls & Defects](https:\/\/one.nhtsa.gov\/Vehicle-Safety\/Recalls-&-Defects) - Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA","meta_canonical":null}

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Boilerpipe Text	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lemon laws are laws that provide a remedy for purchasers of cars and other consumer goods in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of quality and performance. Although many types of products can be defective , the term " lemon " is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as cars , trucks , and motorcycles . Lemon law protection arises under state law, with every U.S. state and the District of Columbia having its own lemon law. [ 1 ] Although the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time. [ 2 ] Lemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does. Lemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period. Some state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight. California extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] A small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles. New York State is one state with a used car lemon law. [ 5 ] Some states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases. [ 6 ] California has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] There are two types of warranties for product purchases, express warranties and implied warranties . Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in owner's manuals and other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product. The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act was enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase. [ 9 ] The Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's attorney in a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act. [ 10 ] The existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the Uniform Commercial Code . The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased "as is" or "with all faults", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty. [ 10 ] Australian car purchases are protected under Australian Consumer Law (ACL). A recent [ when? ] clarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when "it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time. [ 11 ] Consumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles. [ 12 ] The Queensland Parliament conducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] A report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015. [ 15 ] The Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan (CAMVAP) is the dispute resolution program for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty. [ 16 ] CAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years. CAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required. CAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as towing , diagnostic testing, rental cars and accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability. CAMVAP is available in all Canadian provinces and territories . In the EU, Directive (UE) 2019/771 Rules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers applies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017/2394, Directive 2009/22/CE and Directive 1999/44/CE. In France, the Garantie des vices cachés en droit français protects the buyer against Latent defect , in relation with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods . A similar "Lemon Law" was passed in Singapore 's parliament on September 1, 2012, to strengthen consumer protection laws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services. [ 17 ] Under the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund. In the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014. [ 18 ] The Lemon Law covers only new vehicles. [ 18 ] The Supreme Court released a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 ( Department of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp. ), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the "Philippine Lemon Law" or Republic Act No. 7349, "Consumer Act". [ 19 ] ^ "BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws" . BBB . Better Business Bureau . Retrieved 2024-11-22 . ^ "State Lemon Law Criteria" . The Center for Auto Safety . 21 January 2003 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ Zimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21). "Bill extends lemon law to military" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2023-06-01 . ^ "California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8" . Findlaw . Retrieved 2023-06-01 . ^ "New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet" . Retrieved 4 February 2020 . ^ "What you need to know about warranty laws" . Consumer Reports . May 2013 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ California Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8. ^ "California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics" . Los Angeles Times . 2015-12-11 . Retrieved 2023-06-14 . ^ "John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records" . Center for Public Policy & Social Research . Central Connecticut State University. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ a b "Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law" . Federal Trade Commission . 12 May 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ "Repair, replace, refund" . Australian Competition and Consumer Commission . 2012-11-05 . Retrieved 2021-02-18 . ^ "Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon" . Yahoo! News . Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ " 'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles" . Queensland Parliament . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ "Public Hearing - "Lemon Laws Inquiry" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee" . YouTube . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . [ dead YouTube link ] ^ "Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee" (PDF) . Queensland Parliament . Nov 2015 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 . ^ "About CAMVAP - CAMVAP" . Archived from the original on 2019-02-02 . Retrieved 2019-02-01 . ^ "CASE - Consumer Guides \| CPFTA & Lemon Law" . www.case.org.sg . Retrieved 2019-02-01 . ^ a b " 'I bought a lemon' " . Manila Standard . Retrieved 2021-10-22 . ^ "SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles" . Supreme Court of the Philippines . September 25, 2024 . Retrieved September 29, 2024 . " The Market for Lemons ", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof Interview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first "Lemon Law" enacted in the United States. Deprecated link archived 2012-12-12 at archive.today Interview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation. Deprecated link archived 2012-12-12 at archive.today International Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA) - find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement. Recalls & Defects - Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA
Markdown	[Jump to content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#bodyContent) Main menu Main menu move to sidebar hide Navigation - [Main page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "Visit the main page [z]") - [Contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents "Guides to browsing Wikipedia") - [Current events](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events "Articles related to current events") - [Random article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random "Visit a randomly selected article [x]") - [About Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About "Learn about Wikipedia and how it works") - [Contact us](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us "How to contact Wikipedia") Contribute - [Help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents "Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia") - [Learn to edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction "Learn how to edit Wikipedia") - [Community portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal "The hub for editors") - [Recent changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges "A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard "Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia") - [Special pages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages "A list of all special pages [q]") [![](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/enwiki-25.svg) ![Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en-25.svg) ![The Free Encyclopedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en-25.svg)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) [Search](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search "Search Wikipedia [f]") Appearance - [Donate](https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) - [Create account](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Lemon+law "You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory") - [Log in](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Lemon+law "You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o]") ## Contents move to sidebar hide - [(Top)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law) - [1 United States](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#United_States) Toggle United States subsection - [1\.1 Federal law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#Federal_law) - [2 Australia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#Australia) - [3 Canada](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#Canada) - [4 European Union](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#European_Union) - [5 France](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#France) - [6 Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#Singapore) - [7 Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#Philippines) - [8 References](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#References) - [9 External links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#External_links) Toggle the table of contents # Lemon law 6 languages - [Deutsch](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_Laws "Lemon Laws – German") - [Français](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law "Lemon law – French") - [Հայերեն](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%84 "Կիտրոնի օրենք – Armenian") - [한국어](https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EB%AA%AC_%EB%B2%95 "레몬 법 – Korean") - [Simple English](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law "Lemon law – Simple English") - [中文](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E6%B3%95 "檸檬法 – Chinese") [Edit links](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q452360#sitelinks-wikipedia "Edit interlanguage links") - [Article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law "View the content page [c]") - [Talk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lemon_law "Discuss improvements to the content page [t]") English - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=history "Past revisions of this page [h]") Tools Tools move to sidebar hide Actions - [Read](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law) - [Edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit "Edit this page [e]") - [View history](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=history) General - [What links here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Lemon_law "List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]") - [Related changes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lemon_law "Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]") - [Upload file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard "Upload files [u]") - [Permanent link](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&oldid=1336027598 "Permanent link to this revision of this page") - [Page information](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=info "More information about this page") - [Cite this page](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Lemon_law&id=1336027598&wpFormIdentifier=titleform "Information on how to cite this page") - [Get shortened URL](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLemon_law) Print/export - [Download as PDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lemon_law&action=show-download-screen "Download this page as a PDF file") - [Printable version](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&printable=yes "Printable version of this page [p]") In other projects - [Wikidata item](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q452360 "Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]") Appearance move to sidebar hide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Consumer protection laws Lemon laws are laws that provide a [remedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remedy_\(law\) "Remedy (law)") for purchasers of [cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States "Automotive industry in the United States") and other [consumer goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_good "Final good") in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of [quality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance "Quality assurance") and performance. Although many types of products can be [defective](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_defect "Product defect"), the term "[lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_\(automobile\) "Lemon (automobile)")" is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as [cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles "Automobiles"), [trucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck "Truck"), and [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycles "Motorcycles"). ## United States \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=1 "Edit section: United States")\] Lemon law protection arises under state law, with every [U.S. state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state "U.S. state") and the [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia "District of Columbia") having its own lemon law.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-1) Although the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-2) Lemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does. Lemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period. Some state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight. California extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-4) A small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles. New York State is one state with a used car lemon law.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-5) Some states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-6) California has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-8) ### Federal law \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Federal law")\] There are two types of warranties for product purchases, [express warranties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_warranty "Express warranty") and [implied warranties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied_warranty "Implied warranty"). Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in [owner's manuals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owner%27s_manual "Owner's manual") and other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product. The [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Moss_Warranty_Act "Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act") was enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-9) The Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's [attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawyer "Lawyer") in a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10) The existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the [Uniform Commercial Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Commercial_Code "Uniform Commercial Code"). The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased "as is" or "with all faults", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10) ## Australia \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Australia")\] Australian car purchases are protected under [Australian Consumer Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Consumer_Law "Australian Consumer Law") (ACL). A recent\[[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] clarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when "it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-11) Consumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-12) The [Queensland Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland "Parliament of Queensland") conducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-14) A report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-15) ## Canada \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Canada")\] The [Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Motor_Vehicle_Arbitration_Plan "Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan") (CAMVAP) is the [dispute resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispute_resolution "Dispute resolution") program for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-16) CAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years. CAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required. CAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as [towing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towing "Towing"), diagnostic testing, [rental cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rental_car "Rental car") and accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability. CAMVAP is available in all Canadian [provinces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_province "Canadian province") and [territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_\(Canada\) "Territory (Canada)"). ## European Union \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: European Union")\] In the EU, Directive (UE) 2019/771 Rules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers applies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017/2394, Directive 2009/22/CE and Directive 1999/44/CE. ## France \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: France")\] In France, the Garantie des vices cachés en droit français protects the buyer against [Latent defect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_defect "Latent defect"), in relation with the [United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods "United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods"). ## Singapore \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=7 "Edit section: Singapore")\] A similar "Lemon Law" was passed in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")'s [parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Parliament "Singapore Parliament") on September 1, 2012, to strengthen [consumer protection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_protection "Consumer protection") laws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-17) Under the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund. ## Philippines \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Philippines")\] In the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The Lemon Law covers only new vehicles.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines "Supreme Court of the Philippines") released a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 (Department of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp.), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the "Philippine Lemon Law" or Republic Act No. 7349, "Consumer Act".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-19) ## References \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: References")\] 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-1) ["BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws"](https://bbbprograms.org/programs/all-programs/bbb-autoline/lemon-laws-by-state). BBB. Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 2024-11-22. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-2) ["State Lemon Law Criteria"](http://www.autosafety.org/state-lemon-law-criteria/). The Center for Auto Safety. 21 January 2003. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-3) Zimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21). ["Bill extends lemon law to military"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-21-fi-garagebrfs21-story.html). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-06-01. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-4) ["California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8"](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/civil-code/civ-sect-1795-8/). Findlaw. Retrieved 2023-06-01. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-5) ["New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet"](https://ag.ny.gov/consumer-frauds/used-car-lemon-law-fact-sheet). Retrieved 4 February 2020. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-6) ["What you need to know about warranty laws"](http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2013/05/the-word-on-warranty-protection/index.htm). Consumer Reports. May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-7) California Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-8) ["California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics"](https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-lazarus-20151211-column.html). Los Angeles Times. 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2023-06-14. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-9) ["John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213334/http://www.library.ccsu.edu/help/spcoll/lemonlaw/index.html). Center for Public Policy & Social Research. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from [the original](http://www.library.ccsu.edu/help/spcoll/lemonlaw/index.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-1) ["Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law"](https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/businesspersons-guide-federal-warranty-law). Federal Trade Commission. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-11)* ["Repair, replace, refund"](https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/repair-replace-refund). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-18. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-12) ["Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon"](https://www.yahoo.com/news/s/angry-jeep-owner-creates-hilarious-video-rant-lemon-200051523.html). Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-13) ["'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles"](https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-committees/committees/LACSC/inquiries/past-inquiries/04-Lemons). Queensland Parliament. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-14) ["Public Hearing - "Lemon Laws Inquiry" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1EsSOVFJtc). YouTube. Retrieved 31 May 2017. \[[dead YouTube link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-15) ["Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee"](https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/committees/LACSC/2015/04-Lemons/04-rpt-017-30Nov2015.pdf) (PDF). Queensland Parliament. Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-16) ["About CAMVAP - CAMVAP"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042444/https://www.camvap.ca/about/). Archived from [the original](https://www.camvap.ca/about/) on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-17) ["CASE - Consumer Guides \\| CPFTA & Lemon Law"](https://www.case.org.sg/consumer_guides_cpfta.aspx). www.case.org.sg. Retrieved 2019-02-01. 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-1) ["'I bought a lemon'"](https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/336272). Manila Standard. Retrieved 2021-10-22. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-19)* ["SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles"](https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-lemon-law-not-exclusive-remedy-for-defective-brand-new-vehicles/). [Supreme Court of the Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines "Supreme Court of the Philippines"). September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024. ## External links \[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&action=edit&section=10 "Edit section: External links")\] - "[The Market for Lemons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Market_for_Lemons "The Market for Lemons")", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof - [Interview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first "Lemon Law" enacted in the United States.](http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/oralhist,50) [Deprecated link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance "Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today "Archive.today") - [Interview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation.](http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/oralhist,65) [Deprecated link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance "Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today "Archive.today") - [International Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA)](http://www.ialla.net/)\- find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement. - [Recalls & Defects](https://one.nhtsa.gov/Vehicle-Safety/Recalls-&-Defects) - Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA ![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1) Retrieved from "<https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lemon_law&oldid=1336027598>" [Categories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category "Help:Category"): - [Traffic law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Traffic_law "Category:Traffic law") - [United States transportation law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_transportation_law "Category:United States transportation law") - [Consumer protection law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Consumer_protection_law "Category:Consumer protection law") - [Product return](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Product_return "Category:Product return") Hidden categories: - [All articles with dead YouTube links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_YouTube_links "Category:All articles with dead YouTube links") - [Articles with dead YouTube links from February 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_YouTube_links_from_February_2022 "Category:Articles with dead YouTube links from February 2022") - [Articles with short description](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description "Category:Articles with short description") - [Short description is different from Wikidata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata "Category:Short description is different from Wikidata") - [All articles with vague or ambiguous time](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time "Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time") - [Vague or ambiguous time from February 2022](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_February_2022 "Category:Vague or ambiguous time from February 2022") - [Webarchive template archiveis links](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_archiveis_links "Category:Webarchive template archiveis links") - This page was last edited on 1 February 2026, at 14:53 (UTC). - Text is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License "Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License"); additional terms may apply. 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Readable Markdown	From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Lemon laws are laws that provide a [remedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remedy_\(law\) "Remedy (law)") for purchasers of [cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States "Automotive industry in the United States") and other [consumer goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_good "Final good") in order to compensate for products that repeatedly fail to meet standards of [quality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_assurance "Quality assurance") and performance. Although many types of products can be [defective](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_defect "Product defect"), the term "[lemon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_\(automobile\) "Lemon (automobile)")" is mostly used to describe defective motor vehicles, such as [cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobiles "Automobiles"), [trucks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck "Truck"), and [motorcycles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycles "Motorcycles"). Lemon law protection arises under state law, with every [U.S. state](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._state "U.S. state") and the [District of Columbia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_of_Columbia "District of Columbia") having its own lemon law.[\[1\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-1) Although the exact criteria vary by state, new vehicle lemon laws require that an auto manufacturer repurchase a vehicle that has a significant defect that the manufacturer is unable to repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\[2\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-2) Lemon laws consider the nature of the problem with the vehicle, the number of days that the vehicle is unavailable to the consumer for service of the same mechanical issue, and the number of repair attempts made. If repairs cannot be completed within the total number of days described in the state statute, the manufacturer becomes obligated to buy back the defective vehicle. The dealership itself has no obligation to buy back the vehicle, because the dealership does not warrant the vehicle, the manufacturer does. Lemon laws offer remedies that exceed the scope of a vehicle manufacturer's warranty. While a manufacturer's warranty might obligate a vehicle manufacturer to make a repair at no cost to the consumer, warranties do not include maximum time periods for the completion of repair, nor do they trigger buy-back provisions if the repair cannot be completed within such a time period. Some state lemon laws cover only certain classes of vehicle, such as vehicles purchased for individual use but not for business use, or vehicles under a certain gross weight. California extends its lemon laws to active duty military personnel transferred to the state after purchasing a vehicle in another state.[\[3\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-3)[\[4\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-4) A small number of states additionally have more limited lemon laws that cover used vehicles. New York State is one state with a used car lemon law.[\[5\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-5) Some states have lemon laws that apply to pet purchases.[\[6\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-6) California has a broad lemon law, the Song-Beverly Consumer Warranty Act, which covers a wide range of products, including vehicles, boats, electronics, and appliances.[\[7\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-8) There are two types of warranties for product purchases, [express warranties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Express_warranty "Express warranty") and [implied warranties](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied_warranty "Implied warranty"). Express warranties make specific promises about product repair, and are usually made in writing. An express warranty may be provided by the manufacturers in [owner's manuals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owner%27s_manual "Owner's manual") and other written sales or marketing materials. Implied warranties arise from a manufacturer's duty to meet certain minimum standards of quality whereby the product is fit for use for the purpose intended. An implied warranty arises from the sale itself, and need not be in writing. In each type the manufacturer assumes the liability and responsibility to correct the defect and, in the event that they cannot meet that duty, may be required to repurchase or replace the product. The [Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnuson%E2%80%93Moss_Warranty_Act "Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act") was enacted as a federal law in 1975, and protects citizens of all states, to ensure that manufacturers honor their warranties and to reduce the chance that a consumer will be misled about the nature and scope of a warranty when making a purchase.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-9) The Act extends to the purchase of consumer products, including motor vehicles and appliances. The Act also provides that the warranter may be obligated to pay the prevailing party's [attorney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawyer "Lawyer") in a successful lawsuit, as do most state lemon laws. A consumer may pursue relief under both a state lemon law and the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10) The existence, scope and consequence of express and implied warranties can vary under state law, and warranties for the sale of goods will often be addressed by Article II of the [Uniform Commercial Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Commercial_Code "Uniform Commercial Code"). The Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act will not protect the buyer of a product purchased without a warranty, such as a product purchased "as is" or "with all faults", but may protect a consumer who was misled into waiving the protection of a warranty.[\[10\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-FTCMM-10) Australian car purchases are protected under [Australian Consumer Law](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Consumer_Law "Australian Consumer Law") (ACL). A recent\[[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items "Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers")\] clarification to the ACL has formed a subsequent lemon law that entitles consumers to a refund or replacement for when "it has multiple minor problems that, when taken as a whole, would have stopped someone from buying it if they’d known about them". Consumers are entitled to a refund or replacement when a car has a major failure, as defined by the ACL, but manufactures commonly pass them off as minor problems to avoid having to replace the car or refund the consumer as minor problems only require repair within a reasonable amount of time.[\[11\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-11) Consumers have been known to take creative measures to try to convince vehicle manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles.[\[12\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-12) The [Queensland Parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland "Parliament of Queensland") conducted an inquiry on the need for a consumer lemon law for new motor vehicles.[\[13\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-13)[\[14\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-14) A report of the findings of the inquiry was published in November 2015.[\[15\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-15) The [Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Motor_Vehicle_Arbitration_Plan "Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan") (CAMVAP) is the [dispute resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispute_resolution "Dispute resolution") program for Canadians who have problems with the assembly of their vehicle or with how the manufacturer implements its new vehicle warranty.[\[16\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-16) CAMVAP covers new and used, owned and leased vehicles that are from the current model year and up to an additional four model years. CAMVAP is free for consumers, and hearings are held in the consumer's home community. The process normally takes less than 70 days from start to finish. Most consumers are able to handle their own case without the assistance of lawyers. The manufacturers do not use lawyers. Their representatives usually are serving or retired district parts and services representatives. An inspection of the vehicle normally is part of an arbitration hearing and the arbitrator can order a technical inspection of the vehicle at the program's expense if doing so is required. CAMVAP arbitrators can order the manufacturer to buy back the vehicle; repair it at the manufacturer's expense; pay for repairs already completed; or pay out of pocket expenses for items such as [towing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towing "Towing"), diagnostic testing, [rental cars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rental_car "Rental car") and accommodation related to the problem with the vehicle. The arbitrator can also determine that the manufacturer has no liability. CAMVAP is available in all Canadian [provinces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_province "Canadian province") and [territories](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_\(Canada\) "Territory (Canada)"). In the EU, Directive (UE) 2019/771 Rules on contracts for the sale of goods between sellers and consumers applies from January 2022, to replace Regulation 2017/2394, Directive 2009/22/CE and Directive 1999/44/CE. In France, the Garantie des vices cachés en droit français protects the buyer against [Latent defect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_defect "Latent defect"), in relation with the [United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_Contracts_for_the_International_Sale_of_Goods "United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods"). A similar "Lemon Law" was passed in [Singapore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore")'s [parliament](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Parliament "Singapore Parliament") on September 1, 2012, to strengthen [consumer protection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_protection "Consumer protection") laws. Singapore's Lemon Law applies to all goods (including consumables and perishables) but it does not apply to services.[\[17\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-17) Under the law, consumers can report a defective item within six months of delivery and it is the responsibility of the retailer to prove that the defect did not exist at the time of delivery. The consumer may have the option to request for repair or a replacement, and if that is not possible, ask for a reduction in price, or even a refund. In the Philippines, the Lemon Law was passed in 2014.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The Lemon Law covers only new vehicles.[\[18\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-:0-18) The [Supreme Court](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines "Supreme Court of the Philippines") released a decision on September 25, 2024 in G.R. No. 254978-79 (Department of Trade and Industry v. Toyota Balintawak, Inc. and Toyota Motor Phils. Corp.), October 11, 2023, that buyers of defective brand-new motor vehicles may choose to enforce their rights under any available law, whether the Republic Act No. 10642, the "Philippine Lemon Law" or Republic Act No. 7349, "Consumer Act".[\[19\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_note-19) 1. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-1) ["BBB Auto Line: State Lemon Laws"](https://bbbprograms.org/programs/all-programs/bbb-autoline/lemon-laws-by-state). BBB. Better Business Bureau. Retrieved 2024-11-22. 2. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-2) ["State Lemon Law Criteria"](http://www.autosafety.org/state-lemon-law-criteria/). The Center for Auto Safety. 21 January 2003. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 3. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-3) Zimmerman, Martin (2007-07-21). ["Bill extends lemon law to military"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jul-21-fi-garagebrfs21-story.html). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-06-01. 4. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-4) ["California Code, Civil Code - CIV § 1795.8"](https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/civil-code/civ-sect-1795-8/). Findlaw. Retrieved 2023-06-01. 5. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-5) ["New York's Used Car Lemon Law Fact Sheet"](https://ag.ny.gov/consumer-frauds/used-car-lemon-law-fact-sheet). Retrieved 4 February 2020. 6. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-6) ["What you need to know about warranty laws"](http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/magazine/2013/05/the-word-on-warranty-protection/index.htm). Consumer Reports. May 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 7. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-7) California Civil Code sections §1790 to §1795.8. 8. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-8) ["California's Lemon Law helps protect pricey consumer electronics"](https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-lazarus-20151211-column.html). Los Angeles Times. 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2023-06-14. 9. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-9) ["John J. Woodcock III Lemon Law Records"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213334/http://www.library.ccsu.edu/help/spcoll/lemonlaw/index.html). Center for Public Policy & Social Research. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from [the original](http://www.library.ccsu.edu/help/spcoll/lemonlaw/index.html) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 10. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-FTCMM_10-1) ["Businessperson's Guide to Federal Warranty Law"](https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/business-center/guidance/businesspersons-guide-federal-warranty-law). Federal Trade Commission. 12 May 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 11. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-11)* ["Repair, replace, refund"](https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/repair-replace-refund). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2021-02-18. 12. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-12) ["Angry Jeep Owner Creates Hilarious Video Rant About His Lemon"](https://www.yahoo.com/news/s/angry-jeep-owner-creates-hilarious-video-rant-lemon-200051523.html). Yahoo! News. Yahoo!. 16 Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 13. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-13) ["'Lemon' Laws - An inquiry into consumer protections and remedies for buyers of new motor vehicles"](https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/work-of-committees/committees/LACSC/inquiries/past-inquiries/04-Lemons). Queensland Parliament. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 14. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-14) ["Public Hearing - "Lemon Laws Inquiry" Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1EsSOVFJtc). YouTube. Retrieved 31 May 2017. \[[dead YouTube link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")\] 15. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-15) ["Report No. 17, 55th Parliament Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee"](https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/committees/LACSC/2015/04-Lemons/04-rpt-017-30Nov2015.pdf) (PDF). Queensland Parliament. Nov 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2017. 16. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-16) ["About CAMVAP - CAMVAP"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042444/https://www.camvap.ca/about/). Archived from [the original](https://www.camvap.ca/about/) on 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2019-02-01. 17. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-17) ["CASE - Consumer Guides \\| CPFTA & Lemon Law"](https://www.case.org.sg/consumer_guides_cpfta.aspx). www.case.org.sg. Retrieved 2019-02-01. 18. ^ [*a](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-0) [b](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-:0_18-1) ["'I bought a lemon'"](https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/336272). Manila Standard. Retrieved 2021-10-22. 19. [^](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemon_law#cite_ref-19)* ["SC Lemon Law Not Exclusive Remedy for Defective Brand-New Vehicles"](https://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/sc-lemon-law-not-exclusive-remedy-for-defective-brand-new-vehicles/). [Supreme Court of the Philippines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines "Supreme Court of the Philippines"). September 25, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2024. - "[The Market for Lemons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Market_for_Lemons "The Market for Lemons")", 1970 paper by the economist George Akerlof - [Interview with John J. Woodcock III of West Hartford, Connecticut. Woodcock, as a Connecticut State Representative from South Windsor, was the proponent of the first "Lemon Law" enacted in the United States.](http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/oralhist,50) [Deprecated link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance "Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today "Archive.today") - [Interview with Fred Blasius, President of the Connecticut Automotive Trades Association (CATA), which opposed the legislation.](http://content.library.ccsu.edu/u?/oralhist,65) [Deprecated link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance "Wikipedia:Archive.today guidance") archived 2012-12-12 at [archive.today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive.today "Archive.today") - [International Association of Lemon Law Administrators (IALLA)](http://www.ialla.net/)\- find state lemon laws and the state agencies providing dispute resolution services and enforcement. - [Recalls & Defects](https://one.nhtsa.gov/Vehicle-Safety/Recalls-&-Defects) - Vehicle recalls and defects as compiled by the NHTSA
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